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<document id="8042CCBE10A488205C33407065381EE5" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5512.1.11" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13848254" ID-ZooBank="46236071-E632-4947-B3DB-A381E00F41BD" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1727438030817" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gamage, L. M. P., Ranasinghe, R. A. N. M. & Chathuranga, W. G. D." docDate="2024" docId="7C3F1C35FF84EF7C358B73CFA247F86F" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5512.1.11.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5512 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5512.1.11" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Creobroter apicalis Saussure 1869" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="132" masterDocId="8006644DFF80EF79351C7310A62BFF8F" masterDocTitle="First Record of Creobroter apicalis Saussure, 1869 (Mantodea: Hymenopodidae) in the Southern Province of Sri Lanka: Unveiling a New Geographic Record of Flower Mantis" masterLastPageNumber="135" masterPageNumber="127" pageNumber="131" updateTime="1727697668485" updateUser="carolina" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="399C5E59170C618C3A12BDC6D4575FE6">
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<mods:title id="8A88D17E20E2E2070B7863331DB6D8A0">First Record of Creobroter apicalis Saussure, 1869 (Mantodea: Hymenopodidae) in the Southern Province of Sri Lanka: Unveiling a New Geographic Record of Flower Mantis</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="591F431039429C3F0D06568B124CA48C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="3B7A17B7D0B71C9095830A4D6019E5FB">Gamage, L. M. P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5D02E54D2635A65E6677DA6FD69E89F8">Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka & College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C0193BC0EB0C7B01147AFE32389A0D1D">Ranasinghe, R. A. N. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9F17F17ADB8736DDD579897786D2EC9B">Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka & Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7008BB5081815928AB3E6B92F4ABB387">Chathuranga, W. G. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="89C6C53C328D580F19D6D2091AFFEDE5">Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="CC4FE465B30A58218F1D2A63BE317598">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="7D72B4239B63BA575A5D262D3F116F17">
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<mods:date id="8A36639A701AB30A33368C3CE7B8B8F9">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A01D6316EFDBBE79509C17AC064F3047">2024-09-18</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="38A6D93DF9E4CDEA34FC8665C4C60ED0">5512</mods:number>
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<treatment id="7C3F1C35FF84EF7C358B73CFA247F86F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7C3F1C35FF84EF7C358B73CFA247F86F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7C3F1C35FF84EF7C358B73CFA247F86F" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="132" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">
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<subSubSection id="BC8CFEA8FF84EF7D358B73CFA408FF76" box="[151,547,223,249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="131" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F429AD23FF84EF7D358B73CFA408FF76" blockId="4.[151,1437,223,429]" box="[151,547,223,249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">
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<taxonomicName id="3396D6A0FF84EF7D358B73CFA408FF76" ID-CoL="6BCY5" authority="Saussure, 1869" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1869" box="[151,547,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Creobroter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">
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<emphasis id="C6E27131FF84EF7D358B73CFA758FF76" box="[151,371,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">Creobroter apicalis</emphasis>
|
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Saussure, 1869
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||||
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BC8CFEA8FF84EF7D373673CFA44AF959" pageId="4" pageNumber="131" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="F429AD23FF84EF7D373673CFA336FECE" blockId="4.[151,1437,223,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">
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is documented in
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||||
<collectingCountry id="8C81EDB3FF84EF7D37ED73CFA575FF76" box="[753,862,223,249]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||||
for the first time. The species sampling occurrence (July-October) aligned closely with data reported in the database, GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility: www.gbif.org) indicating a strong coincidence between observed occurrences and documented records.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F429AD23FF84EF7D35DB725BA442FE22" blockId="4.[151,1437,223,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">
|
||||
A taxonomic key was developed to accurately distinguish
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3396D6A0FF84EF7D3643725CA5F1FEEA" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1869" box="[863,986,331,358]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Creobroter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C6E27131FF84EF7D3643725CA5F1FEEA" box="[863,986,331,358]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">C. apicalis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
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||||
from
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||||
<taxonomicName id="3396D6A0FF84EF7D3102725CA290FEEA" authorityName="Wood-Mason" authorityYear="1878" box="[1054,1211,332,358]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Creobroter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pictipennis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C6E27131FF84EF7D3102725CA290FEEA" box="[1054,1211,332,358]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">C. pictipennis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
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||||
, facilitating precise identification of these two mantid species based on morphological and diagnostic features (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="6CADB1A6FF84EF7D31D4727FA325FE06" box="[1224,1294,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1618,1642]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,464,1583]" captionTargetId="figure-101@4.[151,1436,453,1594]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Comparison of female Creobroter pictipennis and Creobroter apicalis. Illustration by L.M.P. Gamage." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13848262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13848262/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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||||
) critical for comparative analyses (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9007D0D2FF84EF7D348A7283A475FE22" author="Ghate, H. V. & Rane, N. & Ranade, S." box="[406,606,403,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="131" pagination="297 - 298" refId="ref3954" refString="Ghate, H. V., Rane, N. & Ranade, S. (2000) Recent record of Creobroter apicalis Saussure, 1869 (Insecta: Mantodea) from Pune, Maharashtra and Kumta, Karnataka. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 97, 297 - 298." type="journal article" year="2000">
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||||
Ghate
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||||
<emphasis id="C6E27131FF84EF7D34FE7284A431FE22" box="[482,538,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
2000
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||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="A0E9FDABFF84EF7D358B7542A303F9E5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13848262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13848262" box="[151,1320,1618,1642]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13848262/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="131" startId="4.[151,250,1618,1642]" targetBox="[162,1425,464,1583]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="F429AD23FF84EF7D358B7542A303F9E5" blockId="4.[151,1320,1618,1642]" box="[151,1320,1618,1642]" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">
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||||
<emphasis id="C6E27131FF84EF7D358B7542A738F9E5" bold="true" box="[151,275,1618,1642]" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
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Comparison of female
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<taxonomicName id="3396D6A0FF84EF7D371E7542A4C3F9E5" authorityName="Wood-Mason" authorityYear="1878" box="[514,744,1618,1642]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Creobroter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pictipennis">
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||||
<emphasis id="C6E27131FF84EF7D371E7542A4C3F9E5" box="[514,744,1618,1642]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">Creobroter pictipennis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||||
and
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<taxonomicName id="3396D6A0FF84EF7D36057542A5CBF9E5" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1869" box="[793,992,1618,1642]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Creobroter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C6E27131FF84EF7D36057542A5CBF9E5" box="[793,992,1618,1642]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">Creobroter apicalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||||
. Illustration by L.M.P. Gamage.
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||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
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||||
<paragraph id="F429AD23FF84EF7D358B75ADA44AF959" blockId="4.[151,609,1724,1751]" box="[151,609,1724,1751]" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">
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||||
<heading id="AF611A4FFF84EF7D358B75ADA44AF959" bold="true" box="[151,609,1724,1751]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="131" reason="1">
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||||
<emphasis id="C6E27131FF84EF7D358B75ADA44AF959" bold="true" box="[151,609,1724,1751]" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">
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Key for
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<taxonomicName id="3396D6A0FF84EF7D35E175ACA756F958" ID-CoL="6BCY5" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1869" box="[253,381,1724,1751]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Creobroter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">
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||||
<emphasis id="C6E27131FF84EF7D35E175ACA756F958" bold="true" box="[253,381,1724,1751]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">C. apicalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="3396D6A0FF84EF7D34A675ACA44AF959" authorityName="Wood-Mason" authorityYear="1878" box="[442,609,1724,1750]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Creobroter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pictipennis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C6E27131FF84EF7D34A675ACA44AF959" bold="true" box="[442,609,1724,1750]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">C. pictipennis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
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||||
</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="BC8CFEA8FF84EF7D358B7412A3B7F825" pageId="4" pageNumber="131" type="key">
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<keyStep id="4F62B586FF84EF7D358B7412A3B7F8BB" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">
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<paragraph id="F429AD23FF84EF7D358B7412A3B7F898" blockId="4.[151,1436,1793,1962]" box="[151,1436,1793,1815]" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">
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||||
<keyLead id="4F670E16FF84EF7D358B7412A3B7F898" box="[151,1436,1793,1815]" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">1. Males.............................................................................................. 2</keyLead>
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||||
</paragraph>
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||||
<paragraph id="F429AD23FF84EF7D358B740FA3B7F8BB" blockId="4.[151,1436,1793,1962]" box="[151,1436,1823,1845]" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">
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||||
<keyLead id="4F670E16FF84EF7D358B740FA3B7F8BB" box="[151,1436,1823,1845]" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">- Females............................................................................................. 3</keyLead>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</keyStep>
|
||||
<keyStep id="4F62B586FF84EF7D358B742CA3B7F8E0" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">
|
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<paragraph id="F429AD23FF84EF7D358B742CA3B7F8DE" blockId="4.[151,1436,1793,1962]" box="[151,1436,1852,1874]" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">
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||||
<keyLead id="4F670E16FF84EF7D358B742CA3B7F8DE" box="[151,1436,1852,1874]" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">
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2. Male forewing with banding or basal spots.........................................................
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<taxonomicName id="3396D6A0FF84EF7D3028742CA3B7F8DE" ID-CoL="6BCY5" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1869" box="[1332,1436,1852,1873]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Creobroter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C6E27131FF84EF7D3028742CA3B7F8DE" box="[1332,1436,1852,1873]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">C. apicalis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</keyLead>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F429AD23FF84EF7D358B744AA3B7F8E0" blockId="4.[151,1436,1793,1962]" box="[151,1436,1881,1903]" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">
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||||
<keyLead id="4F670E16FF84EF7D358B744AA3B7F8E0" box="[151,1436,1881,1903]" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C6E27131FF84EF7D358B744AA6B4F8E0" box="[151,159,1882,1903]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">-</emphasis>
|
||||
Male forewing without banding or basal spots.....................................................
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||||
<taxonomicName id="3396D6A0FF84EF7D300B744AA3B7F8E0" ID-CoL="6BCXS" authorityName="Wood-Mason" authorityYear="1878" box="[1303,1436,1882,1903]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Creobroter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pictipennis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C6E27131FF84EF7D300B744AA3B7F8E0" box="[1303,1436,1882,1903]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">C. pictipennis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</keyLead>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</keyStep>
|
||||
<keyStep id="4F62B586FF84EF7D358B7467A3B7F825" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">
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<paragraph id="F429AD23FF84EF7D358B7467A3B7F803" blockId="4.[151,1436,1793,1962]" box="[151,1436,1911,1933]" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">
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||||
<keyLead id="4F670E16FF84EF7D358B7467A3B7F803" box="[151,1436,1911,1933]" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">
|
||||
3. Base of female hindwing mild red mixed pink, black; costal margin hindwing yellow, pink...................
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3396D6A0FF84EF7D30287467A3B7F803" ID-CoL="6BCY5" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1869" box="[1332,1436,1911,1932]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Creobroter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C6E27131FF84EF7D30287467A3B7F803" box="[1332,1436,1911,1932]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">C. apicalis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</keyLead>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F429AD23FF84EF7D358B7484A3B7F825" blockId="4.[151,1436,1793,1962]" box="[151,1436,1940,1962]" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">
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||||
<keyLead id="4F670E16FF84EF7D358B7484A3B7F825" box="[151,1436,1940,1962]" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">
|
||||
- Base of female hindwing green; costal margin without distinct hue....................................
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3396D6A0FF84EF7D300B7484A3B7F825" ID-CoL="6BCXS" authorityName="Wood-Mason" authorityYear="1878" box="[1303,1436,1940,1962]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Creobroter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pictipennis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C6E27131FF84EF7D300B7484A3B7F825" box="[1303,1436,1940,1962]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">C. pictipennis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</keyLead>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</keyStep>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="BC8CFEA8FF85EF7C358B7386A247F86F" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="multiple">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F429AD23FF85EF7C358B7386A7C8FDEE" blockId="5.[151,1437,150,609]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C6E27131FF85EF7C358B7386A7A7FF3F" bold="true" box="[151,396,150,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">General description.</emphasis>
|
||||
Medium to large insects, greenish body, winged. Forewing with yellow band in the middle, bordered by two black semi-circular rings resembling an eye spot, enclosing black dots, typically two; costal and anal areas transparent, base with a yellow spot. Head trapezoidal with prominent lateral lobes; conical eyes with upward projection, black band having white tips, small mid-dorsal spine. Ocelli conspicuous. Antennae slender, filiform. Saddle-shaped pronotum, shorter than forecoxae, well-pronounced supra-coxal dilation, laterally denticulated prozona, spatulated central indistinct carina, pronounced metazonal constriction; forecoxae triangular dorsally, eight obtuse marginal spines, middorsal carina with spines, internal apical lobes convergent; femur longer than coxa with four external, four discoidal and 13 internal spines, of which six are longer, seven are shorter; fore tibia with 16 smaller depressed external spines, 14 longer, closely arranged internal spines and three distal genicular spines; Metatarsus as long as all other tarsal segments combined; Middle and hind femora twice as long as middle tibia; raptorial forelegs; semicircular distal ventral lobe, two genicular spines at the tibia-femur junction. Measurements of various phenotypic features given in
|
||||
<tableCitation id="B9149898FF85EF7C37457133A484FDB2" box="[601,687,547,573]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,239,656,680]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 2. Body measurements of Creobroter apicalis Saussure, 1869 used for this study (error margin ± 0.1 mm)." pageId="5" pageNumber="132">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||||
, most female measurements and counts slightly greater than those of male (sexual dimorphism).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="A0E9FDABFF85EF7C358B7180A34FFD26" box="[151,1380,656,681]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" startId="5.[151,239,656,680]" targetBox="[159,1291,697,1295]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5" targetType="table">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F429AD23FF85EF7C358B7180A34FFD26" blockId="5.[151,1380,656,681]" box="[151,1380,656,681]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C6E27131FF85EF7C358B7180A721FD27" bold="true" box="[151,266,656,680]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
||||
Body measurements of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3396D6A0FF85EF7C37117180A5ADFD27" authority="Saussure, 1869" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1869" box="[525,902,656,681]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Creobroter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C6E27131FF85EF7C37117180A4F5FD27" box="[525,734,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">Creobroter apicalis</emphasis>
|
||||
Saussure, 1869
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
used for this study (error margin ± 0.1 mm).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F429AD23FF85EF7C358371A9A204FA81" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
|
||||
<table id="86965F83FF851086358371A9A320FA80" box="[159,1291,697,1295]" gridcols="3" gridrows="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
|
||||
<tr id="4AA6AF61FF851086358371A9A320FD40" box="[159,1291,697,719]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
|
||||
<th id="0977C61DFF851086358371A9A7A5FD40" box="[159,398,697,719]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">Characteristic feature</th>
|
||||
<th id="0977C61DFF851086374171A9A54EFD40" box="[605,869,697,719]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">Female: RUH ENTM1 (mm)</th>
|
||||
<th id="0977C61DFF851086310471A9A320FD40" box="[1048,1291,697,719]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">Male: RUH ENTM2 (mm)</th>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="4AA6AF61FF851086358371CFA320FD7A" box="[159,1291,735,757]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
|
||||
<th id="0977C61DFF851086358371CFA7A5FD7A" box="[159,398,735,757]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">Body length</th>
|
||||
<td id="0977C61DFF851086374171CFA54EFD7A" box="[605,869,735,757]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">30</td>
|
||||
<td id="0977C61DFF851086310471CFA320FD7A" box="[1048,1291,735,757]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">25</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="4AA6AF61FF85108635837015A320FC94" box="[159,1291,773,795]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
|
||||
<th id="0977C61DFF85108635837015A7A5FC94" box="[159,398,773,795]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">Wingspan</th>
|
||||
<td id="0977C61DFF85108637417015A54EFC94" box="[605,869,773,795]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">50</td>
|
||||
<td id="0977C61DFF85108631047015A320FC94" box="[1048,1291,773,795]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">45</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="4AA6AF61FF8510863583703CA320FCCD" box="[159,1291,812,834]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
|
||||
<th id="0977C61DFF8510863583703CA7A5FCCD" box="[159,398,812,834]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">Fore wing</th>
|
||||
<td id="0977C61DFF8510863741703CA54EFCCD" box="[605,869,812,834]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">26</td>
|
||||
<td id="0977C61DFF8510863104703CA320FCCD" box="[1048,1291,812,834]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">23</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="4AA6AF61FF85108635837042A320FCE7" box="[159,1291,850,872]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
|
||||
<th id="0977C61DFF85108635837042A7A5FCE7" box="[159,398,850,872]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">Antennae length</th>
|
||||
<td id="0977C61DFF85108637417042A54EFCE7" box="[605,869,850,872]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">10</td>
|
||||
<td id="0977C61DFF85108631047042A320FCE7" box="[1048,1291,850,872]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">15</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="4AA6AF61FF85108635837068A320FC00" box="[159,1291,888,911]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
|
||||
<th id="0977C61DFF85108635837068A7A5FC00" box="[159,398,888,911]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">Abdomen width</th>
|
||||
<td id="0977C61DFF85108637417068A54EFC00" box="[605,869,888,911]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">15</td>
|
||||
<td id="0977C61DFF85108631047068A320FC00" box="[1048,1291,888,911]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">10</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="4AA6AF61FF8510863583708FA320FC3A" box="[159,1291,927,949]" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
|
||||
<th id="0977C61DFF8510863583708FA7A5FC3A" box="[159,398,927,949]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">Prothoracic leg length</th>
|
||||
<td id="0977C61DFF8510863741708FA54EFC3A" box="[605,869,927,949]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">25</td>
|
||||
<td id="0977C61DFF8510863104708FA320FC3A" box="[1048,1291,927,949]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">20</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="4AA6AF61FF851086358370D5A320FC54" box="[159,1291,965,987]" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
|
||||
<th id="0977C61DFF851086358370D5A7A5FC54" box="[159,398,965,987]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">Mesothoracic leg length</th>
|
||||
<td id="0977C61DFF851086374170D5A54EFC54" box="[605,869,965,987]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">23</td>
|
||||
<td id="0977C61DFF851086310470D5A320FC54" box="[1048,1291,965,987]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">18</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="4AA6AF61FF851086358370FCA320FB8D" box="[159,1291,1004,1026]" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
|
||||
<th id="0977C61DFF851086358370FCA7A5FB8D" box="[159,398,1004,1026]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">Metathoracic leg length</th>
|
||||
<td id="0977C61DFF851086374170FCA54EFB8D" box="[605,869,1004,1026]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">27</td>
|
||||
<td id="0977C61DFF851086310470FCA320FB8D" box="[1048,1291,1004,1026]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">22</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="4AA6AF61FF85108635837702A320FBA7" box="[159,1291,1042,1064]" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
|
||||
<th id="0977C61DFF85108635837702A7A5FBA7" box="[159,398,1042,1064]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">Frontal femur</th>
|
||||
<td id="0977C61DFF85108637417702A54EFBA7" box="[605,869,1042,1064]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">13</td>
|
||||
<td id="0977C61DFF85108631047702A320FBA7" box="[1048,1291,1042,1064]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">12</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="4AA6AF61FF85108635837729A320FBC0" box="[159,1291,1081,1103]" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
|
||||
<th id="0977C61DFF85108635837729A7A5FBC0" box="[159,398,1081,1103]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">Frontal tibia</th>
|
||||
<td id="0977C61DFF85108637417729A54EFBC0" box="[605,869,1081,1103]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">9</td>
|
||||
<td id="0977C61DFF85108631047729A320FBC0" box="[1048,1291,1081,1103]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">8</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="4AA6AF61FF8510863583774FA320FBFA" box="[159,1291,1119,1141]" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
|
||||
<th id="0977C61DFF8510863583774FA7A5FBFA" box="[159,398,1119,1141]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">Head width/length</th>
|
||||
<td id="0977C61DFF8510863741774FA54EFBFA" box="[605,869,1119,1141]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">10/12</td>
|
||||
<td id="0977C61DFF8510863104774FA320FBFA" box="[1048,1291,1119,1141]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">8/10</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="4AA6AF61FF85108635837795A320FB14" box="[159,1291,1157,1179]" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
|
||||
<th id="0977C61DFF85108635837795A7A5FB14" box="[159,398,1157,1179]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">Eye diameter</th>
|
||||
<td id="0977C61DFF85108637417795A54EFB14" box="[605,869,1157,1179]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">4</td>
|
||||
<td id="0977C61DFF85108631047795A320FB14" box="[1048,1291,1157,1179]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">3</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="4AA6AF61FF851086358377BCA320FB4D" box="[159,1291,1196,1218]" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
|
||||
<th id="0977C61DFF851086358377BCA7A5FB4D" box="[159,398,1196,1218]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">Pronotum length/width</th>
|
||||
<td id="0977C61DFF851086374177BCA54EFB4D" box="[605,869,1196,1218]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">15/18</td>
|
||||
<td id="0977C61DFF851086310477BCA320FB4D" box="[1048,1291,1196,1218]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">12/14</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="4AA6AF61FF851086358377C2A320FB67" box="[159,1291,1234,1256]" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
|
||||
<th id="0977C61DFF851086358377C2A7A5FB67" box="[159,398,1234,1256]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">Spine length on legs</th>
|
||||
<td id="0977C61DFF851086374177C2A54EFB67" box="[605,869,1234,1256]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">5</td>
|
||||
<td id="0977C61DFF851086310477C2A320FB67" box="[1048,1291,1234,1256]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">5</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="4AA6AF61FF851086358377E9A320FA80" box="[159,1291,1273,1295]" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
|
||||
<th id="0977C61DFF851086358377E9A7A5FA80" box="[159,398,1273,1295]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">Spine density per segment</th>
|
||||
<td id="0977C61DFF851086374177E9A54EFA80" box="[605,869,1273,1295]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">10</td>
|
||||
<td id="0977C61DFF851086310477E9A320FA80" box="[1048,1291,1273,1295]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">10</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F429AD23FF85EF7C35DB7672A70EF9DA" blockId="5.[151,1437,1378,2017]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C6E27131FF85EF7C35DB7672A4B0FAF3" bold="true" box="[199,667,1378,1408]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
|
||||
Female phenotype (
|
||||
<specimenCount id="E29066AAFF85EF7C34A57674A7E4FA0F" box="[441,463,1380,1408]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||||
: RUH ENTM1).
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Forewing remigium with a green hue, featuring a central eye-like region comprising brown, yellow, and white shades alongside a yellow proximal area. Cross-venation notably dense, comprising more than four rows of cells across most regions. Proximally, the forewing vannus with a light pink coloration transitioning to a dark brown/black hue distally. Hind wing remigium with a dark pink band with a distinct apex, proximally displaying a pink tone shifting to dark brown towards the distal end. Partial overlapping between the dark pink and dark brown/black areas. Within the dark brown/black region, cross-veins surrounded by clear spaces.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F429AD23FF85EF7C35DB754EA5B5F96B" blockId="5.[151,1437,1378,2017]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C6E27131FF85EF7C35DB754EA45AF9F7" bold="true" box="[199,625,1630,1660]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
|
||||
Male Phenotype (
|
||||
<specimenCount id="E29066AAFF85EF7C34847570A785F9F3" box="[408,430,1632,1660]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||||
: RUH ENTM2).
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Male wings longer and with a less dense arrangement of cross-veins than those of female. Forewing remigium lacking the proximal yellow region observed in females. Forewing vannus with a faint trace of a light pink hue. On the hind wing, a light pink region present proximally, blending with a brownish tone; distal area lacking a distinctive black/brown coloration (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="6CADB1A6FF85EF7C365075DAA5BAF96B" box="[844,913,1738,1764]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1945,1969]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[158,1430,181,1921]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Sexual dimorphism between female (RUH ENTM1) and male (RUH ENTM2) Creobroter apicalis Saussure, 1869 specimens.A, B) Female. C, D) Male. E) Habitus/dorsal view of female. F‒H) Prothoracic leg, mesothoracic leg, metathoracic leg. I, J) Female forewing and hindwing. K, L) Male forewing and hindwing M) Paper flower (Bougainvillea glabra)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13848258" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13848258/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F429AD23FF85EF7C35DB75FEA247F86F" blockId="5.[151,1437,1378,2017]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C6E27131FF85EF7C35DB75FEA5A9F887" bold="true" box="[199,898,1774,1800]" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
|
||||
Mitochondrial
|
||||
<emphasis id="C6E27131FF85EF7C346175FEA784F887" bold="true" box="[381,431,1774,1800]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">COI</emphasis>
|
||||
Barcoding and Phylogenetic Analysis.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
The average intraspecific genetic divergences, calculated using the Kimura 2-Parameter (K2P) method, ranged from 0.003 (for RUH ENTM1 and RUH ENTM2) to 0.015 (for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3396D6A0FF85EF7C34377427A78FF8DF" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1869" box="[299,420,1846,1873]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Creobroter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C6E27131FF85EF7C34377427A78FF8DF" box="[299,420,1846,1873]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">C. apicalis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and RUH ENTM1/M2). Hence, no significant genetic variation was discernible within the sampled individuals, assuming a 0.02 threshold for speciation in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3396D6A0FF85EF7C3698744BA22BF8FB" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1869" box="[900,1024,1882,1909]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Creobroter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C6E27131FF85EF7C3698744BA22BF8FB" box="[900,1024,1882,1909]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">C. apicalis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. In summary, the genetic variations between species, as indicated by sequence divergences in the mitochondrial
|
||||
<emphasis id="C6E27131FF85EF7C36F6746FA231F816" box="[1002,1050,1919,1945]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">COI</emphasis>
|
||||
barcoding gene, were greater than the divergences observed within species (
|
||||
<tableCitation id="B9149898FF85EF7C377B74B2A495F833" box="[615,702,1954,1980]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 3. Genetic distances (average K2P divergence) of COIa within and between taxa used in the study." pageId="5" pageNumber="132">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||||
). Moreover, the phylogenetically monophyletic clusters observed in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3396D6A0FF85EF7C35A874D6A74EF86E" box="[180,357,1990,2017]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Creobroter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C6E27131FF85EF7C35A874D6A71BF86F" box="[180,304,1990,2016]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">Creobroter</emphasis>
|
||||
spp.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
underscore the taxonomic validity of identifying
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3396D6A0FF85EF7C368D74D7A221F86F" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1869" box="[913,1034,1990,2017]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Creobroter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C6E27131FF85EF7C368D74D7A221F86F" box="[913,1034,1990,2017]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">C. apicalis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="6CADB1A6FF85EF7C310574D6A274F86F" box="[1049,1119,1990,2016]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1450,1474]" captionTargetBox="[164,1419,693,1397]" captionTargetId="figure-139@6.[151,1436,655,1426]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Maximum-likelihood (ML) tree (GTR+I model, 1,000 bootstraps) of Creobroter spp. based on COI gene. Neighborjoining tree (K2P model, 1,000 bootstraps) shared the similar topology. Node values represent likelihood bootstrap value and bootstrap support values for ML equal to or greater than 0.50 are indicated at the nodes. COI, Cytochrome c Oxidase subunit I; K2P, Kimura 2-Parameter." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13848264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13848264/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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Reference in a new issue