diff --git a/data/03/AA/49/03AA4987A44BEE97D9BC9EEFF03E77C6.xml b/data/03/AA/49/03AA4987A44BEE97D9BC9EEFF03E77C6.xml index 7348f89b92b..9ad00a85516 100644 --- a/data/03/AA/49/03AA4987A44BEE97D9BC9EEFF03E77C6.xml +++ b/data/03/AA/49/03AA4987A44BEE97D9BC9EEFF03E77C6.xml @@ -1,89 +1,89 @@ - - - -The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region + + + +The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region - - -Author + + +Author -Crews, Sarah C. +Crews, Sarah C. - - -Author + + +Author -Harvey, Mark S. +Harvey, Mark S. -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2011 - -99 + +2011 + +99 - -1 -104 + +1 +104 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 -1313-2970-99-1 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 +1313-2970-99-1 - - - -Selenops radiatus Latreille, 1819 + + + +Selenops radiatus Latreille, 1819 Fig. 114Map 1 - - -Selenops cordatus -Zhu et al. 1990 + + +Selenops cordatus +Zhu et al. 1990 : 31, figs 5-8. syn. n. - -Type material. - -Selenops cordatus + +Type material. + +Selenops cordatus : Holotype female: Binggu Orchards, Miyi County, Sichuan Province, China [ -27°07'N +27°07'N , -102°01'E +102°01'E ], -IX-X +IX-X .1980 (Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science Institute of Plant Protection; not examined). Paratypes: Males and females, same data as holotype (Norman Bethune Medial University, Department of Biology, Changchun, Jilin; not examined). - -Distribution. -Known only from Sichuan Province in China (Map 1); however, it is widespread from Africa, throughout the Mediterranean, India, and other parts of Asia. Thus, it is likely found elsewhere in China. + +Distribution. +Known only from Sichuan Province in China (Map 1); however, it is widespread from Africa, throughout the Mediterranean, India, and other parts of Asia. Thus, it is likely found elsewhere in China. - -Remarks. - + +Remarks. + It is clear from the drawings provided by -Zhu et al. (1990) +Zhu et al. (1990) that -Selenops cordatus +Selenops cordatus is a junior synonym of -Selenops radiatus +Selenops radiatus . This extends the range of -Selenops radiatus +Selenops radiatus even -further +further east (Map 1), making it the most widespread member of the -Selenopidae +Selenopidae , the phylogeography of which would no doubt be interesting to study. diff --git a/data/06/FC/64/06FC64D07652A8A75396FDA418E9C161.xml b/data/06/FC/64/06FC64D07652A8A75396FDA418E9C161.xml index c05a7185df0..38ea1c0f01e 100644 --- a/data/06/FC/64/06FC64D07652A8A75396FDA418E9C161.xml +++ b/data/06/FC/64/06FC64D07652A8A75396FDA418E9C161.xml @@ -1,105 +1,105 @@ - - - -The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region + + + +The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region - - -Author + + +Author -Crews, Sarah C. +Crews, Sarah C. - - -Author + + +Author -Harvey, Mark S. +Harvey, Mark S. -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2011 - -99 + +2011 + +99 - -1 -104 + +1 +104 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 -1313-2970-99-1 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 +1313-2970-99-1 - - - -Makdiops nilgirensis (Reimoser, 1934) -comb. n. + + + +Makdiops nilgirensis (Reimoser, 1934) +comb. n. Figs 87-88113Map 3 - - -Selenops nilgirensis -Reimoser 1934 + + +Selenops nilgirensis +Reimoser 1934 : 486, Fig. 10. - -Type material. - + +Type material. + Holotype female (MHNG): Karteri Valley, Tamil Nadu, India [ -11°18'N +11°18'N , -76°48'E +76°48'E ], Voy. Carl et Escher. - -Diagnosis. -The species can be separated from other species by the raised epigynal plate and very large posterodorsal fold (Figs 87-88). Males unknown. + +Diagnosis. +The species can be separated from other species by the raised epigynal plate and very large posterodorsal fold (Figs 87-88). Males unknown. - -Description. - + +Description. + Holotype:Color: carapace uniformly yellow-brown; sternum pale yellow; chelicerae pale yellow with darker infuscations anteriorly; maxillae pale yellow; labium pale yellow-brown; abdomen dorsally yellow brown with darker flecks medially and laterally, festoon prominent; ventrally pale yellow-brown; legs with femora, patellae and tibiae I-IV clearly annulated, yellow-brown, darkening distally; annulations not encircling legs entirely. Cephalothorax:setae long and thin; 0.81 times longer than broad; fovea longitudinal, broad, somewhat shallow. Eyes:AER nearly straight; PER recurved; PME larger than AME, PLE largest, ALE smallest; eye group width 1.53; eye diameters, AME 0.17, ALE 0.10, PME 0.25, PLE 0.29; PME-PLE 0.34, ALE-PLE 0.33, AME-PME 0.08; ocular quadrangle AME-AME 0.21, PME-PME 0.63; clypeus 0.06 high. Mouthparts:chelicerae with a few stout setae medially and anteriorly; lateral boss present, smooth; promargin with 3 teeth, retromargin with 2 teeth; maxillae longer than broad, with tuft of conspicuous setae distally; labium distally rounded. Sternum:0.94 times longer than broad, posteriorly indented. Pedipalp:claw present with c. 6 teeth. Legs:leg I much shorter than legs II, III and IV; leg formula 32=41; scopulae absent on all legs; tarsus -I-IV +I-IV with strong claw tufts; pr claws with c. 10 teeth, rl claw with none; spination: leg I, Fm pr 1 --1- +-1- 0, d 1 --1- +-1- 1, rl 0; Ti v 2 --2- +-2- 2; Mt 2-2; Ti and Mt I and II with strong spines; leg II, Fm pr 0, d 1 --1- +-1- 1, rl 0; Ti 2 --2- +-2- 2; Mt 2-2; leg III, Fm pr 0, d 1 --1- +-1- 1, rl 0; Ti 1 --0- +-0- 0; Mt 1-0; leg IV, Fm pr 0, d 1 --1- +-1- 1, rl 0; Ti v 1-0 L, 0 R; Mt 0. Abdomen:terminal setal tufts present. Epigyne:lateral lobes not distinct, medial arch -anterior +anterior to w-shaped area, median area in between this raised, small quadrangular area in center of plate, epigynal pockets present; internally, large posterodorsal fold present, and as this is the type of a rare specimen, we chose not to dissect it, spermathecae seen through integument are oblong and narrow, fertilization ducts located posterolaterally (Figs 87-88). Dimensions: Total length 6.65. Cephalothorax length 2.95, width 3.62. Sternum length 1.74, width 1.86. Pedipalp: Fm 0.96, Pt 0.48, Ti 0.63, Ta 0.96, (total) 3.03. Leg I: Fm 3.34, Pt 1.38, Ti 2.73, Mt 2.30, Ta 1.13, (total) 10.88. Leg II: Fm 4.25, Pt 1.55, Mt 2.57, Ta 1.17, (total) 12.53. Leg III: Fm 4.59, Pt 1.43, Ti 3.40, Mt 2.64, Ta 1.26, (total) 13.32. Leg IV: Fm 4.40, Pt 1.32, Ti 3.14, Mt 2.52, Ta 1.15, (total) 12.53. - -Natural history. -No data. + +Natural history. +No data. - -Distribution. -The type locality only (Map 3). + +Distribution. +The type locality only (Map 3). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/21/2C/29/212C29F739F9F4DEC68DB852AA4CECD2.xml b/data/21/2C/29/212C29F739F9F4DEC68DB852AA4CECD2.xml index be466b26948..0c66330a367 100644 --- a/data/21/2C/29/212C29F739F9F4DEC68DB852AA4CECD2.xml +++ b/data/21/2C/29/212C29F739F9F4DEC68DB852AA4CECD2.xml @@ -1,96 +1,96 @@ - - - -The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region + + + +The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region - - -Author + + +Author -Crews, Sarah C. +Crews, Sarah C. - - -Author + + +Author -Harvey, Mark S. +Harvey, Mark S. -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2011 - -99 + +2011 + +99 - -1 -104 + +1 +104 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 -1313-2970-99-1 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 +1313-2970-99-1 - - - + + + Genus -Hovops Benoit, 1968 +Hovops Benoit, 1968 Fig. 108 - - -Hovops -Benoit 1968 + + +Hovops +Benoit 1968 : 117. Type species: -Selenops pusillus +Selenops pusillus Simon, 1887, by original designation. - -Diagnosis. - -Hovops + +Diagnosis. + +Hovops can be easily separated from all other genera by having the ventral tibial and metatarsal spination 2-2, as well as iridescent scales on the cephalothorax and abdomen. - -Description. -Cephalothorax: Carapace with dark marks contrasting with white setae, longer than wide in most specimens. Fovea short and broad. Setae variable, iridescent scales present on cephalothorax and abdomen, some setae long and thin, some short and stiff. AER straight, PER slightly recurved. AME notably larger than PME, double in certain species. Chelicerae slightly geniculate, robust, with 3 prolateral and 2 retrolateral teeth. Legs: Tibial and metatarsal ventral spination is 2-2. Tarsal scopulae absent. Female copulatory organs: Epigynum variable. Male copulatory organs: Palpal tibia with 2 tibial apophyses, larger one curved, smaller one bent or dilated at base. + +Description. +Cephalothorax: Carapace with dark marks contrasting with white setae, longer than wide in most specimens. Fovea short and broad. Setae variable, iridescent scales present on cephalothorax and abdomen, some setae long and thin, some short and stiff. AER straight, PER slightly recurved. AME notably larger than PME, double in certain species. Chelicerae slightly geniculate, robust, with 3 prolateral and 2 retrolateral teeth. Legs: Tibial and metatarsal ventral spination is 2-2. Tarsal scopulae absent. Female copulatory organs: Epigynum variable. Male copulatory organs: Palpal tibia with 2 tibial apophyses, larger one curved, smaller one bent or dilated at base. - -Distribution. - + +Distribution. + Known only from Madagascar and the island of -Reunion +Reunion . - -Composition. - + +Composition. + There are currently six described species of -Hovops +Hovops : -Hovops dufouri +Hovops dufouri (Vinson, 1863), -Hovops legrasi +Hovops legrasi (Simon, 1887), -Hovops madagascariensis +Hovops madagascariensis (Vinson, 1863), -Hovops mariensis +Hovops mariensis (Strand, 1908), -Hovops modestus +Hovops modestus (Lenz, 1886) and -Hovops pusillus +Hovops pusillus (Simon, 1887). This genus is in need of revision, as the newest species description is over 100 years old, with the other descriptions being 120-150 years old. The majority of species are described in separate publications and there are only two diagnostic drawings. diff --git a/data/2F/CD/CA/2FCDCA8517B92C3AC487304857577C71.xml b/data/2F/CD/CA/2FCDCA8517B92C3AC487304857577C71.xml index 5031ff6a0d8..ef93fcb8db3 100644 --- a/data/2F/CD/CA/2FCDCA8517B92C3AC487304857577C71.xml +++ b/data/2F/CD/CA/2FCDCA8517B92C3AC487304857577C71.xml @@ -1,105 +1,105 @@ - - - -The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region + + + +The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region - - -Author + + +Author -Crews, Sarah C. +Crews, Sarah C. - - -Author + + +Author -Harvey, Mark S. +Harvey, Mark S. -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2011 - -99 + +2011 + +99 - -1 -104 + +1 +104 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 -1313-2970-99-1 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 +1313-2970-99-1 - - - -Selenops bursarius Karsch, 1879 + + + +Selenops bursarius Karsch, 1879 - - -Selenops bursarius -Karsch 1879 + + +Selenops bursarius +Karsch 1879 : 81, plate 1, fig. 2. - -Selenops henanensis -Zhu and Mao 1983 + +Selenops henanensis +Zhu and Mao 1983 : 151, figs a-e. Synonymized by -Zhu et al. (1990) +Zhu et al. (1990) . - -Type material. -Male and female syntypes: Japan (ZMB 2679, 2692, 3501-52, not examined). + +Type material. +Male and female syntypes: Japan (ZMB 2679, 2692, 3501-52, not examined). - -Distribution. - + +Distribution. + This species has been found in China, Japan, Korea and Taiwan. In China, the species has been found in Sichuan (Chengdu, Xiushan), Henan (Xinyang), Jiangsu (Suzhou), and Zhejiang ( -Zhu et al. 1990 +Zhu et al. 1990 ). - -Remarks. - + +Remarks. + In molecular phylogenetic analyses ( -Crews and Gillespie 2010 +Crews and Gillespie 2010 ), -Selenops bursarius +Selenops bursarius does not group with other -Selenops +Selenops species, but is instead always allied with -Karaops -gen +Karaops +gen . n. from Australia, though this relationship is not well supported. -Selenops bursarius +Selenops bursarius shares the 3-2 tibial-metatarsal ventral spination with Old and New World -Selenops +Selenops species, however the male palps are unique among selenopids. The RTA is very elaborate and consists of three apophyses; large dorsal and medial apophyses and a smaller ventral apophysis. The embolus resembles that of some -Karaops +Karaops gen. n.species in its shape and origin. The MA is bulbous, two-branched and highly sclerotized, a unique feature. Finally, the conductor is somewhat T-shaped, a characteristic found in several selenopid genera. We have chosen to retain this species in -Selenops +Selenops at the present time, though clearly it retains unique features and may indeed represent an undescribed lineage. - -Natural history. - + +Natural history. + In China, it has been found on cedar ( -Cryptomeria japonica +Cryptomeria japonica ), where it hides under the bark during the day and comes out at night ( -Zhu et al. 1990 +Zhu et al. 1990 ). diff --git a/data/32/F0/8C/32F08C8262EC8B1AF187D8A597E44E47.xml b/data/32/F0/8C/32F08C8262EC8B1AF187D8A597E44E47.xml index 48ccec73ecc..0ec5902957b 100644 --- a/data/32/F0/8C/32F08C8262EC8B1AF187D8A597E44E47.xml +++ b/data/32/F0/8C/32F08C8262EC8B1AF187D8A597E44E47.xml @@ -1,195 +1,195 @@ - - - -The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region + + + +The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region - - -Author + + +Author -Crews, Sarah C. +Crews, Sarah C. - - -Author + + +Author -Harvey, Mark S. +Harvey, Mark S. -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2011 - -99 + +2011 + +99 - -1 -104 + +1 +104 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 -1313-2970-99-1 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 +1313-2970-99-1 - - - -Karaops australiensis (L. Koch, 1875) -comb. n. + + + +Karaops australiensis (L. Koch, 1875) +comb. n. Figs 7-10Map 4 - - -Selenops australiensis -Koch 1875 + + +Selenops australiensis +Koch 1875 : 615, plate 43, fig. 6. -Koch 1876 +Koch 1876 : 832, plate 71, fig. 3. - -Type material. - + +Type material. + Holotype immature (ZMH, not examined): Bowen [ -20°01'S +20°01'S , -148°15'E +148°15'E ], Queensland, Australia. - -Other material examined. - + +Other material examined. + AUSTRALIA: Queensland: -Johansen's +Johansen's Cave, -23°09'S +23°09'S , -150°28'E +150°28'E , 29.V.2000, from fogging trees with pyrethrum, vine scrub, 100 m, G.B. Monteith, 1♂ (QM S57515); from base of Jim Crow Mountain [ -23°13'S +23°13'S , -150°38'E +150°38'E ], VII.1982, A. Rozefelds, 1♀ (QM S61054); Brandy Creek [ -20°21'S +20°21'S , -148°43'E +148°43'E ], 15.IV.1975, R. Monroe, J. Covacevich, P. Filewood, 1♂ (QM S47115). - -Diagnosis. -The male coiled, the small MA that is attached to the base of the cymbium (Fig. 7). Females can be separated from other species by the coiled sperm ducts that lead to small, ovoid spermathecae, and epigynal pockets are absent (Figs 9-10). - - + +Diagnosis. +The male coiled, the small MA that is attached to the base of the cymbium (Fig. 7). Females can be separated from other species by the coiled sperm ducts that lead to small, ovoid spermathecae, and epigynal pockets are absent (Figs 9-10). + + Figures 7-14. Copulatory organs of -Karaops australiensis +Karaops australiensis comb. n., male from -Johansens's +Johansens's Cave, Queensland, Australia (QM S57515) (7-8) and female from Jim Crow Mountain, Queensland, Australia (QM S61054) (9-10), and -Karaops gangarie +Karaops gangarie sp. n., female holotype from Amos Bay, Northeast Queensland, Queensland, Australia (QM S52315) (11-12) and male from Amos Bay, Northeast Queensland, Queensland, Australia (QM S88644): 7, 13 male pedipalp, ventral view 8, 14 male pedipalp, retrolateral view 9, 11 epigyne, ventral view 10, 12 spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale bar: 0.25 mm. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening, FD = fertilization ducts, SD = sperm ducts, SP = spermathecae, C = conductor, E = embolus, dRTA = dorsal branch of retrolateral tibial apolphysis, vRTA = ventral branch of retrolateral tibial apophysis. - -Remarks. - + +Remarks. + The holotype from Bowen, north-eastern Queensland, is an immature ( -L. Koch 1875 +L. Koch 1875 ) and therefore unidentifiable to species level. We have assigned several adult specimens collected near Bowen to this species, in the assumption that only a single species occurs in the region. Although males and females have not been collected sympatrically, we have assigned them to the same species as they were collected less than 20 km apart. - -Description. - + +Description. + Male (QM S57515)Color: Carapace uniformly yellow-brown; sternum pale yellow-brown; chelicerae pale yellow with darker infuscations anteriorly; maxillae pale yellow-brown; labium pale brown; abdomen dorsally dark grey, with pale patches anteriorly, dorsally and posteriorly; ventrally pale yellow-brown; legs with all segments clearly annulated. Cephalothorax:setae long and thin; 0.89 times longer than broad; fovea longitudinal, broad, very shallow. Eyes:AER nearly straight; PER slightly recurved; PME larger than AME, PLE largest, ALE smallest; eye group width 1.27; eye diameters, AME 0.16, ALE 0.08, PME 0.18, PLE 0.27; interdistances AME-ALE 0.24, PME-PLE 0.18, ALE-PLE 0.10, AME-PME 0.03; ocular quadrangle AME-AME 0.43, PME-PME 0.8; clypeus 0.10 high. Mouthparts:chelicerae with a few stout setae medially and anteriorly; lateral boss present, smooth; promargin with 3 teeth, retromargin with 2 teeth; maxillae longer than broad, with tuft of conspicuous setae distally; labium distally rounded. Sternum:0.83 times longer than broad, posteriorly indented. Pedipalp:femur, spination dorsal 0 --1- +-1- 1; retrolateral tibial apophysis with 2 processes, ventral apophysis short and quadrangular in lateral view, apophysis triangular, dorsal apophysis longer, curved and pointed at tip; retrolateral basal cymbial -process +process absent; cymbial scopulae absent, cymbium round in ventral view; conductor very large, pointed at tip, terminating at 3 -o'clock +o'clock ; base of embolus quadrangular and sinuate, abruptly constricted into very long, thin embolus that curves around edge of cymbium, beginning at 4 -o'clock +o'clock , terminating at 3 -o'clock +o'clock ; MA a small short hook, attached to base of embolus. Legs:leg I only slightly shorter than legs II, III and IV; leg formula 3241; scopulae absent on all legs; tarsus -I-IV +I-IV with strong claw tufts on all legs; pr claw with c. 10-15 teeth, rl claw lacking teeth; spination: leg I, Fm pr 1 --1- +-1- 0, d 1 --1- +-1- 1, rl 0; Ti d 0, v 2 --2-2-2- +-2-2-2- 2; Mt v 2 --2- +-2- 2; Ti and Mt I and II with strong spines -; +; leg II, Fm pr 0, d 1 --1- +-1- 1, rl 0 --1- +-1- 1; Tiv 2 --2-2-2- +-2-2-2- 2; Mt v 2 --2- +-2- 2; leg III, Fm pl 0, d 1 --1- +-1- 1, rl 0 --1- +-1- 1; Ti 0; Mt 0; leg IV, Fm pr 0, d 1 --1- +-1- 1, rl 0; Ti 0; Mt 0. Abdomen:terminal setal tufts may be likely, but hairs are worn off. Dimensions: Total length 4.25. Cephalothorax length 2.24, width 2.53. Sternum length 1.12, width 1.35. Abdomen length 2.16, width 2.04. Pedipalp: Fm 0.76, Pt 0.39, Ti 0.40, Ta 0.71, (total) 2.26. Leg I: Fm 2.76, Pt 1.04, Ti 2.44, Mt 2.08, Ta 1.15, (total) 9.47. Leg II: Fm 3.58, Pt 1.15, Ti 2.92, Mt 2.59, Ta 1.28, (total) 11.51. Leg III: Fm 3.93, Pt 1.09, Ti 3.08, Mt 2.67, Ta 1.21, (total) 11.98. Leg IV: Fm 3.38, Pt 0.90, Ti 2.59, Mt 2.42, Ta 1.16, (total) 10.45. - + Female (QM S61054): Color: carapace uniformly yellow-brown; sternum pale yellow-brown; chelicerae pale yellow with darker infuscations anteriorly; maxillae pale yellow-brown; labium pale brown; abdomen dorsally dark grey, with pale patches anteriorly, dorsally and posteriorly; ventrally pale yellow-brown; legs with all segments clearly annulated. Cephalothorax:Setae long and thin; 0.83 times longer than broad; fovea longitudinal, broad, very shallow. Eyes:AER nearly straight; PER slightly recurved; PME larger than AME, PLE largest, ALE smallest; eye group width 1.46; eye diameters, AME 0.16, ALE 0.01, PME 0.20, PLE 0.27; interdistances AME-ALE 0.31, PME-PLE 0.22, ALE-PLE 0.18, AME-PME 0.05; ocular quadrangle AME-AME 0.45, PME-PME 0.89; clypeus 0.1 high. Mouthparts:chelicerae with a few stout setae medially and anteriorly; lateral boss present, smooth; promargin with 3 teeth, retromargin with 2 teeth; maxillae longer than broad, with tuft of conspicuous setae distally; labium distally rounded. Sternum:0.82 times longer than broad, posteriorly indented. Pedipalp:tarsus slightly swollen, claw present, without teeth. Legs:leg I only slightly shorter than legs II, III and IV; leg formula 3241; scopulae absent on all legs; Ta -I-IV +I-IV with strong claw tufts; pr claw with c. 10-15 teeth, rl claw lacking teeth; spination: leg I, Fm pr 1 --1- +-1- 0, d 1 --1- +-1- 1, rl 0; Ti d 0, v 2 --2-2-2- +-2-2-2- 2; Mt v 2 --2- +-2- 2; Ti and Mt I and II with strong spines; leg II, Fm pr 0, d 1 --1- +-1- 1, rl 0; Ti v 2 --2-2-2-2- +-2-2-2-2- 2; Mt v 2 --2- +-2- 2; leg III, Fm pr 0, d 1 --1- +-1- 1, rl 0; Ti 0; Mt 0; leg IV, Fm pr 0, d 1 --1- +-1- 1, rl 0; Ti 0; Mt 0. Abdomen:possible setal tufts, old specimen, hairs worn off. Epigyne:Lateral lobes indistinct, posterior margin with a medial arch, small comma-shaped copulatory openings on either side of arch, epigynal pockets absent; internally with 5-6 medially to laterally coiled ducts, small oblong spermathecae. Dimensions: Total length 6.63. Cephalothorax length 2.50, width 3.01. Sternum length 1.25, width 1.52. Abdomen length 4.35, width 3.47. Pedipalp: Fm 0.8, Pt 0.48, Ti 0.48, Ta 0.82, (total) 2.58. Leg I: Fm 2.64, Pt 1.10, Ti 2.34, Mt 1.80, Ta 0.99, (total) 8.87. Leg II: Fm 3.45, Pt 1.16, Ti 2.82, Mt 2.17, Ta 1.08, (total) 10.68. Leg III: Fm 3.80, Pt 1.14, Ti 2.81, Mt 2.16, Ta 1.06, (total) 10.97. Leg IV: Fm 3.28, Pt 0.89, Ti 2.44, Mt 2.00, Ta 1.07, (total) 9.68. - -Natural history. -This species has been collected from trees fogged with pyrethrum in vine scrub, and has been seen under the bark of eucalypts (R. Atkinson, pers. comm.). + +Natural history. +This species has been collected from trees fogged with pyrethrum in vine scrub, and has been seen under the bark of eucalypts (R. Atkinson, pers. comm.). - -Distribution. -This specieshas been collected from Northeast Queensland to the southern Cape York Peninsula (Map 4). - - + +Distribution. +This specieshas been collected from Northeast Queensland to the southern Cape York Peninsula (Map 4). + + Map 4. Northeast Queensland Australia (inset) showing the distribution of -Karaops +Karaops . -Karaops monteithi +Karaops monteithi sp. n. (white square), -Karaops gangarie +Karaops gangarie sp. n. (white stars), -Karaops australiensis +Karaops australiensis (L. Koch) (white circles). diff --git a/data/35/F2/42/35F2424DA174BEF25F421BCC166124EF.xml b/data/35/F2/42/35F2424DA174BEF25F421BCC166124EF.xml index 30bd5c0d2a9..99a0861ad4a 100644 --- a/data/35/F2/42/35F2424DA174BEF25F421BCC166124EF.xml +++ b/data/35/F2/42/35F2424DA174BEF25F421BCC166124EF.xml @@ -1,74 +1,74 @@ - - - -The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region + + + +The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region - - -Author + + +Author -Crews, Sarah C. +Crews, Sarah C. - - -Author + + +Author -Harvey, Mark S. +Harvey, Mark S. -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2011 - -99 + +2011 + +99 - -1 -104 + +1 +104 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 -1313-2970-99-1 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 +1313-2970-99-1 - - - -Makdiops agumbensis (Tikader, 1969) -comb. n. + + + +Makdiops agumbensis (Tikader, 1969) +comb. n. - - -Selenops agumbensis -Tikader 1969 + + +Selenops agumbensis +Tikader 1969 : 252, figs 1-3. - -Type material. -Holotype female (ZSI; not examined):Agumbe Ghat, District Shimoga, Mysore, India, B.K. Tikader, 15.III.1965. + +Type material. +Holotype female (ZSI; not examined):Agumbe Ghat, District Shimoga, Mysore, India, B.K. Tikader, 15.III.1965. - -Remarks. - + +Remarks. + We were unable to examine the type of -Makdiops agumbensis +Makdiops agumbensis comb. n. From the description and illustrations ( -Tikader 1969 +Tikader 1969 ), it is impossible to tell whether or not it is valid, or whether it is indeed a unique species. However, the description suggests it is a species of -Makdiops +Makdiops rather than -Selenops +Selenops , viz,tibiae I and II have 4 pairs of ventral spines, the epigyne has large epigynal pockets, and the genital openings are located behind a sinuous margin ( -Tikader 1969 +Tikader 1969 ; fig. 2). diff --git a/data/55/DB/51/55DB511CBC2E641837FD784F07EF7D2A.xml b/data/55/DB/51/55DB511CBC2E641837FD784F07EF7D2A.xml index eab6eba74de..0af91191108 100644 --- a/data/55/DB/51/55DB511CBC2E641837FD784F07EF7D2A.xml +++ b/data/55/DB/51/55DB511CBC2E641837FD784F07EF7D2A.xml @@ -1,102 +1,102 @@ - - - -The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region + + + +The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region - - -Author + + +Author -Crews, Sarah C. +Crews, Sarah C. - - -Author + + +Author -Harvey, Mark S. +Harvey, Mark S. -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2011 - -99 + +2011 + +99 - -1 -104 + +1 +104 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 -1313-2970-99-1 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 +1313-2970-99-1 - - - + + + Genus -Pakawops gen. n. +Pakawops gen. n. - -Type species: - -Selenops formosanus + +Type species: + +Selenops formosanus Kayashima, 1943a. - -Etymology. - -Pakawops + +Etymology. + +Pakawops gen. n. comes from a combination of words and honors the indigenous peoples of Taiwan and refers to the indigenous selenopid known to occur on the island. Though there were many different indigenous languages of Taiwan, we chose the extinct East Formosan Basay language, as the type locality is within area the -Basay +Basay peoples once inhabited. Basay: Pakaw = spider; Greek: ops = face, eye. We retain the traditional ending of selenopid genera of ops, which originally referred to the eye arrangement. The gender is masculine. - -Diagnosis. - -Pakawops + +Diagnosis. + +Pakawops gen. n.can be separated from all other genera by the presence of 7 pairs of ventral spines on tibiae I and II, and 5 pairs on metatarsi I and II in combination with being found in Taiwan. - -Remarks. - + +Remarks. + Although we have not examined specimens of this species, the published descriptions ( -Kayashima 1943a +Kayashima 1943a , -b +b ) show it to be clearly different from any other genus of -Selenopidae +Selenopidae . -Kayashima (1943a) +Kayashima (1943a) mentions that it is similar to -Selenops radiatus +Selenops radiatus , though it differs in the ventral tibial and metatarsal spination and is much smaller. - -Description. -Total length 6.10. Cephalothorax: Carapace yellowish brown to grey wider than long; setae long and thin; chelicerae with 2 retrolateral teeth. Legs: Leg II longer than leg IV, leg III longest; tibial and metatarsal ventral spination 7-5. + +Description. +Total length 6.10. Cephalothorax: Carapace yellowish brown to grey wider than long; setae long and thin; chelicerae with 2 retrolateral teeth. Legs: Leg II longer than leg IV, leg III longest; tibial and metatarsal ventral spination 7-5. - -Distribution. -Taiwan, near Taipei (Map 1). It is likely found on other parts of the island. + +Distribution. +Taiwan, near Taipei (Map 1). It is likely found on other parts of the island. - -Composition. - + +Composition. + A single species, -Pakawops formosanus +Pakawops formosanus (Kayashima, 1943) comb. n. diff --git a/data/56/BC/11/56BC1168B7C1DB9B90D793501A35F07E.xml b/data/56/BC/11/56BC1168B7C1DB9B90D793501A35F07E.xml index 833bb3f67ba..b72b98880b1 100644 --- a/data/56/BC/11/56BC1168B7C1DB9B90D793501A35F07E.xml +++ b/data/56/BC/11/56BC1168B7C1DB9B90D793501A35F07E.xml @@ -1,64 +1,64 @@ - - - -The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region + + + +The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region - - -Author + + +Author -Crews, Sarah C. +Crews, Sarah C. - - -Author + + +Author -Harvey, Mark S. +Harvey, Mark S. -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2011 - -99 + +2011 + +99 - -1 -104 + +1 +104 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 -1313-2970-99-1 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 +1313-2970-99-1 - - - -Pakawops formosanus (Kayashima, 1943) -comb. n. + + + +Pakawops formosanus (Kayashima, 1943) +comb. n. Fig. 115Map 1 - - -Selenops formosanus -Kayashima 1943a + + +Selenops formosanus +Kayashima 1943a : 34, plate 17, fig. 2. -Kayashima 1943b +Kayashima 1943b : 65. - -Type material. - -Kayashima's + +Type material. + +Kayashima's collection was thought to have been left in Taiwan when he went to Malaysia (H. Ono pers. comm.), but the material has not been located. diff --git a/data/A7/59/F8/A759F869B9D479B8B33EC47BE0BDEC6E.xml b/data/A7/59/F8/A759F869B9D479B8B33EC47BE0BDEC6E.xml index 748c999793d..26609dd3e8f 100644 --- a/data/A7/59/F8/A759F869B9D479B8B33EC47BE0BDEC6E.xml +++ b/data/A7/59/F8/A759F869B9D479B8B33EC47BE0BDEC6E.xml @@ -1,161 +1,161 @@ - - - -The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region + + + +The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region - - -Author + + +Author -Crews, Sarah C. +Crews, Sarah C. - - -Author + + +Author -Harvey, Mark S. +Harvey, Mark S. -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2011 - -99 + +2011 + +99 - -1 -104 + +1 +104 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 -1313-2970-99-1 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 +1313-2970-99-1 - - - + + + Genus -Anyphops Benoit, 1968 +Anyphops Benoit, 1968 Figs 104-105 - - -Anyphops -Benoit 1968 + + +Anyphops +Benoit 1968 : 115. Type species: -Selenops atomarius -Simon 1887 +Selenops atomarius +Simon 1887 , by original designation. - -Diagnosis. - -Anyphops + +Diagnosis. + +Anyphops can be separated from all other genera by the ventral leg spination of Ti and Mt I and II, coupled with the collection locality. Specimens have either 4, 5, 6 or 7 paired ventral tibial spines and are found in Africa or Madagascar. If the tibial-metatarsal spination is 4-3 the spider is found in Africa and not Madagascar (see below under Remarks). In males, an additional character useful for diagnosis is the large, complex, sclerotized and often twisted MA. - -Remarks. - -Corronca (1998) + +Remarks. + +Corronca (1998) described a single species of -Anyphops +Anyphops from Madagascar, -Anyphops benoiti +Anyphops benoiti . -Anyphops +Anyphops had previously been known only from Africa while at the time only one genus, -Hovops +Hovops , had been described from Madagascar. Presumably -Anyphops benoiti +Anyphops benoiti was included in the genus -Anyphops +Anyphops due to the leg spination on the metatarsi and tarsi of legs I and II (5-3). In 2003, Corronca described a new genus, -Garcorops +Garcorops , endemic to Madagascar. He mentioned differences between -Anyphops +Anyphops and -Garcorops +Garcorops , and that -Garcorops +Garcorops seemed to be morphologically closest to the B1 group of -Anyphops +Anyphops , as defined by -Lawrence (1940) +Lawrence (1940) from Kenya and South Africa. -Anyphops benoiti +Anyphops benoiti was not specifically mentioned in this paper. Although we have not examined specimens of -Anyphops benoiti +Anyphops benoiti , -Corronca's +Corronca's illustration of the male palpus does not show the large, twisted -median +median apophysis found in the majority of -Anyphops +Anyphops species, but has a somewhat T-shaped conductor similar to that found in -Garcorops +Garcorops , though -Anyphops benoiti +Anyphops benoiti does not have the projection on the conductor that Garcorops has. The illustrations of the female copulatory organs are similar to both -Anyphops +Anyphops and -Garcorops +Garcorops . While it may seem that leg spination may not be a very strong character by which to separate genera, we would like to point out that in the molecular study of -Crews and Gillespie (2010) +Crews and Gillespie (2010) , while not having all genera discussed in the current paper available for genetic study, the genera -Karaops +Karaops gen. n., -Garcorops +Garcorops , -Hovops +Hovops , and -Anyphops +Anyphops were distinct in all analyses. After examining many other morphological characters in detail, the leg spination, coupled with biogeographical data and genetic data, appears to be the best way to distinguish genera at the present time given the specimens that are available. - -Description. - + +Description. + Total length 4.00-17.40. Cephalothorax: Carapace with dark bands or spots laterally, wider than long or equally as long as wide, with cephalic portion more noticeable than in -Selenops +Selenops . Narrow fovea with six radiating lines. Setae are simple and sometimes spiniform. Median eyes strongly recurved, PME>AME. Chelicerae slightly geniculate, robust, with 3 prolateral and 2 retrolateral teeth. Legs: Leg IV longer than leg II, and leg lengths are typically 4321. Tibiae I and II with pairs of 7, 6, 5 or 4 spines. Tarsal, and in some species, metatarsal scopulae present. Female copulatory organs: Epigynum with or without lateral lobes, with well defined median field, depression or septum. Epigynal pockets sometimes present. Spermathecae simple or complex. Male copulatory organs: Palpal cymbium with dense terminal scopulae. Palpal tibia with 2 tibial apophyses, dorsal larger than ventral. Dorsal apophysis twisted in some species, and in some species both branches bifurcated. MA complex, strongly sclerotized, angular, and twisted in some species. - -Distribution. - -Anyphops + +Distribution. + +Anyphops occurs throughout Africa, as well as on the islands of St. Helena and Madagascar. - -Composition. - + +Composition. + Currently there are 64 species of -Anyphops +Anyphops described. Most species were first described as members of the genus -Selenops +Selenops by -Lawrence (1940) +Lawrence (1940) . -Benoit (1968) +Benoit (1968) transferred these into the genus -Anyphops +Anyphops and described additional species. ( -Corronca (1998 +Corronca (1998 , -2000 +2000 , -2005 +2005 ) described five more species, and re-described the lycosiformis group. diff --git a/data/AC/93/AC/AC93ACC8F923F24A7CB4771157D15D62.xml b/data/AC/93/AC/AC93ACC8F923F24A7CB4771157D15D62.xml index 7cb2e03a07c..22557d55c17 100644 --- a/data/AC/93/AC/AC93ACC8F923F24A7CB4771157D15D62.xml +++ b/data/AC/93/AC/AC93ACC8F923F24A7CB4771157D15D62.xml @@ -1,104 +1,104 @@ - - - -The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region + + + +The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region - - -Author + + +Author -Crews, Sarah C. +Crews, Sarah C. - - -Author + + +Author -Harvey, Mark S. +Harvey, Mark S. -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2011 - -99 + +2011 + +99 - -1 -104 + +1 +104 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 -1313-2970-99-1 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 +1313-2970-99-1 - - - + + + Genus -Garcorops Corronca, 2003 +Garcorops Corronca, 2003 Fig. 106 - - -Garcorops -Corronca 2003 + + +Garcorops +Corronca 2003 : 387. Type species: -Garcorops madagascar +Garcorops madagascar Corronca, 2003, by original designation. - -Diagnosis. - -Garcorops + +Diagnosis. + +Garcorops is easily separated from all other genera by the T-shaped conductor with a basally rounded projection. Females are best recognised from most other genera by the presence of 4 ventral pairs of spines on the tibiae and 3 pairs on the metatarsi, although there are some species of -Anyphops +Anyphops with similar spination. - - -Description + + +Description . -Total length 5.30-6.90. Cephalothorax: Carapace with some light markings, wider than long. Long narrow fovea with 6 radiating lines. Setae simple. Clypeus low. Eye rows recurved, with PME larger than AME. Chelicerae slightly geniculate, robust, with 3 prolateral and 2 retrolateral teeth. Legs: Leg IV longer than leg II. Tibiae and metatarsi with 4 and 3 pairs of ventral spines, respectively. Female copulatory organs: Epigynum with distinct lateral lobes in most species connected by a sclerotized bridge. Median field depressed, epigynal pockets absent, spermathecae complex. Male copulatory organs: Palpal tibia with 2 tibial apophyses, dorsal larger than ventral. MA unbranched and not sclerotized, conductor T-shaped with basally rounded projection. +Total length 5.30-6.90. Cephalothorax: Carapace with some light markings, wider than long. Long narrow fovea with 6 radiating lines. Setae simple. Clypeus low. Eye rows recurved, with PME larger than AME. Chelicerae slightly geniculate, robust, with 3 prolateral and 2 retrolateral teeth. Legs: Leg IV longer than leg II. Tibiae and metatarsi with 4 and 3 pairs of ventral spines, respectively. Female copulatory organs: Epigynum with distinct lateral lobes in most species connected by a sclerotized bridge. Median field depressed, epigynal pockets absent, spermathecae complex. Male copulatory organs: Palpal tibia with 2 tibial apophyses, dorsal larger than ventral. MA unbranched and not sclerotized, conductor T-shaped with basally rounded projection. - -Distribution. - -Garcorops + +Distribution. + +Garcorops is found in Madagascar and the Comoros Islands. - -Composition. - + +Composition. + Currently there are three described extant species of -Garcorops +Garcorops , -Garcorops jocquei +Garcorops jocquei Corronca, 2003, -Garcorops madagascar +Garcorops madagascar Corronca, 2003 and -Garcorops paulyi +Garcorops paulyi Corronca, 2003, all recently described by -Corronca (2003) +Corronca (2003) . A fourth species, -Garcorops jadis +Garcorops jadis , has been found in Madagascan copal, and was described by -Bosselaers (2004) +Bosselaers (2004) . It has been suggested by -Penney et al. (2005) +Penney et al. (2005) that this could represent an -'undiscovered' +'undiscovered' extant species, or an extinct species. diff --git a/data/C9/4B/32/C94B32E5FCFC0EA4ED6A1EB2F621F6D4.xml b/data/C9/4B/32/C94B32E5FCFC0EA4ED6A1EB2F621F6D4.xml index d7bf58ca96b..20110b8c292 100644 --- a/data/C9/4B/32/C94B32E5FCFC0EA4ED6A1EB2F621F6D4.xml +++ b/data/C9/4B/32/C94B32E5FCFC0EA4ED6A1EB2F621F6D4.xml @@ -1,118 +1,118 @@ - - - -The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region + + + +The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region - - -Author + + +Author -Crews, Sarah C. +Crews, Sarah C. - - -Author + + +Author -Harvey, Mark S. +Harvey, Mark S. -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2011 - -99 + +2011 + +99 - -1 -104 + +1 +104 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 -1313-2970-99-1 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 +1313-2970-99-1 - - - -Siamspinops aculeatus (Simon, 1901) -comb. n. + + + +Siamspinops aculeatus (Simon, 1901) +comb. n. Figs 3-4Map 1 - - -Selenops aculeatus -Simon 1901 + + +Selenops aculeatus +Simon 1901 : 64. - -Type material. - + +Type material. + Female holotype (UMZC I.47430): Gunong, Malaysia [ -5°55'N +5°55'N , -102°20'E +102°20'E ]. - -Diagnosis. -The female of this species can be easily distinguished from all others by the copulatory organs, as the sperm ducts are coiled 16 times, and a posterodorsal fold is present (Fig. 4). Male unknown. + +Diagnosis. +The female of this species can be easily distinguished from all others by the copulatory organs, as the sperm ducts are coiled 16 times, and a posterodorsal fold is present (Fig. 4). Male unknown. - -Remarks. - -Selenops aculeatus + +Remarks. + +Selenops aculeatus comb. n. is assigned to -Siamspinops +Siamspinops based on the morphology of the numerous spermathecal coils and the very spiny legs ( -Dankittipakul and Corronca 2009 +Dankittipakul and Corronca 2009 ). - -Description. - + +Description. + Holotype:Color: carapace uniformly yellow-brown; sternum pale yellow; chelicerae pale yellow with darker infuscations anteriorly and laterally; maxillae pale yellow-brown, lightening distally; labium pale yellow-brown, lightening distally; abdomen dorsally reddish-brown, possibly faded; ventrally pale reddish; legs orange-brown with annulations on femora, patella and tibia, darkening distally. Cephalothorax:setae long and thin; 0.9 times longer than broad; fovea longitudinal, broad, very shallow. Eyes:AER slightly recurved; PER recurved; PME larger than AME, PLE largest; eye group width 1.54; eye diameters, AME 0.14, ALE 0.08, PME 0.20, PLE 0.20; interdistances AME-ALE 0.32, PME-PLE 0.29, ALE-PLE 0.2, AME-PME 0.03; ocular quadrangle AME-AME 0.45, PME-PME 0.89; clypeus 0.12 high. Mouthparts:chelicerae with a few stout setae medially and anteriorly; lateral boss present, smooth; promargin with 3 teeth, retromargin with 2 teeth; maxillae longer than broad, with tuft of conspicuous setae distally; labium distally rounded. Sternum:0.99 times longer than -broad +broad , posteriorly indented. Pedipalp:tarsus slightly swollen, claw broken off. Legs:leg I much shorter than III, slightly shorter than IV; leg formula 3241; scopulae absent on all legs; tarsus -I-IV +I-IV with strong claw tufts; claws without teeth; spination: leg I, Fm pr 1 --1- +-1- 0, d 1 --1- +-1- 1, rl 0; Ti 2 --2-2-2-2-2- +-2-2-2-2-2- 2; Mt v 2 --2-2-2- +-2-2-2- 2; Ti and Mt I and II with strong spines; leg II, Fm pr 0, d 1 --1- +-1- 1, rl 0; Ti 2 --2-2-2-2-2- +-2-2-2-2-2- 2; Mt 2 --2-2-2- +-2-2-2- 2; leg III, Fm pr 0, d 1 --1- +-1- 1, rl 0; Ti 0; Mt 0; leg IV, Fm pr 0, d 1 --1- +-1- 1, rl 0; Ti 0; Mt 0. Abdomen:terminal setal tufts absent. Epigyne:lateral lobes indistinct, median ovoid area, copulatory openings located posterolaterally, epigynal pockets present; internally ducts coiled c. 15 times, posterodorsal fold present (Figs 3-4). Dimensions: Total length 6.68. Cephalothorax length 2.57, width 2.87. Sternum length 1.48, width 1.50. Abdomen length 3.95, width 2.86. Pedipalp: Fm 0.75, Pt 0.48, Ti 0.56, Ta 0.72, (total) 2.51. Leg I: Fm 2.62, Pt 1.12, Ti 2.31, Mt 1.73, Ta 0.92, (total) 8.70. Leg II: Fm 3.39, Pt 1.17, Ti 2.73, Mt 2.05, Ta 0.89, (total) 10.23. Leg III: Fm 3.82, Pt 1.09, Ti 2.90, Mt 2.18, Ta 1.01, (total) 11.00. Leg IV: Fm 3.29, Pt 1.06, Ti 2.29, Mt 1.74, Ta 0.91, (total) 9.29. - -Natural history. -No data + +Natural history. +No data - -Distribution. -The type locality only (Map 1). + +Distribution. +The type locality only (Map 1). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/CA/4D/A8/CA4DA8DC1AFCEF6876EB89D51F8CEC3B.xml b/data/CA/4D/A8/CA4DA8DC1AFCEF6876EB89D51F8CEC3B.xml index 146a75af0b5..0b71e0839c7 100644 --- a/data/CA/4D/A8/CA4DA8DC1AFCEF6876EB89D51F8CEC3B.xml +++ b/data/CA/4D/A8/CA4DA8DC1AFCEF6876EB89D51F8CEC3B.xml @@ -1,230 +1,230 @@ - - - -The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region + + + +The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region - - -Author + + +Author -Crews, Sarah C. +Crews, Sarah C. - - -Author + + +Author -Harvey, Mark S. +Harvey, Mark S. -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2011 - -99 + +2011 + +99 - -1 -104 + +1 +104 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 -1313-2970-99-1 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 +1313-2970-99-1 - - - + + + Family -Selenopidae Simon, 1897 +Selenopidae Simon, 1897 - - -Selenopinae -Simon 1897 + + +Selenopinae +Simon 1897 : 23. Type genus -Selenops +Selenops Latreille, 1819. - -Definition. - -Benoit (1968) + +Definition. + +Benoit (1968) clearly defined the family -Selenopidae +Selenopidae . Here, we revise this definition to accommodate new species and new genera within the family. All members of the -Selenopidae +Selenopidae are extremely dorsoventrally flattened, have two tarsal claws and laterigrade legs. They are ecribellate, entelegynes, with eight eyes in two rows; with six in the first row and two in the second row (see also - -Jocque + +Jocque and Dippenaar-Schoeman 2006 ). - -Description. - -Selenopidae + +Description. + +Selenopidae are a variety of colors including various shades of grey, brown, yellow, and orange, with darker markings on the cephalothorax and spots or mottling on the abdomen, and annulations on the legs of most species. Chelicerae robust with 2 to 4 cheliceral teeth on each margin. Clypeus is low and chilum absent. Most genera have a longitudinal fovea with lateral radiations, 3 on each side. Labium wider than long, or as long as wide. Endites with dense terminal scopulae. Sternum oval to round with a posterior indentation; sternum extending between coxae IV. Six spinnerets; colulus absent. The legs are long and robust, with the tibiae and metatarsi of legs I and II with paired spines; these spines are the primary character that we use to separate genera. Tarsal scopulae present or absent in both males and females. Tarsal claws variable, prolateral claw is toothed and retrolateral claw is smooth in several species, but in several instances they are both toothed, with prolateral claw having more teeth than the retrolateral claw, or both claws can be smooth. Like in most spider groups, species of -selenopids +selenopids are differentiated by the copulatory organs, thus, the copulatory organs are variable. In many species the epigynum has a median septum and lateral lobes, however there are exceptions. Spermathecae highly sclerotized and occur in various shapes and sizes, from simple to complex (Figs 2-3). Male palps with RTA that is 2-3 branched in many species, with dorsal and ventral branches, or dorsal, median, and ventral branches (Figs 5-6, 83-84); conductor present, often sclerotized (Figs 5-6, 83-84). - -Distribution. - + +Distribution. + The -Selenopidae +Selenopidae occur worldwide and are primarily tropical and subtropical, though several species are found in deserts, and can be found from sea level to over 2500 meters. - - + + Key to genera of -Selenopidae +Selenopidae - + Females (those of -Godumops +Godumops gen. n.are unknown) - - - -
-Hovops + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - + + - - - + + - - - + +
+Hovops
-Selenops +
+Selenops
-Makdiops +
+Makdiops
-Garcorops +
+Garcorops
-Anyphops +
+Anyphops
-Makdiops +
+Makdiops
-Pakawops +
+Pakawops
Figs 1-2 -Amamanganops +
Figs 1-2 +Amamanganops
Fig. 4 -Siamspinops +
Fig. 4 +Siamspinops
Fig. 10Fig. 78 -Karaops +
Fig. 10Fig. 78 +Karaops
- -Males + +Males (those of -Amamanganops +Amamanganops gen. n.and -Pakawops +Pakawops gen. n. are unknown) - - - -
-Hovops + + + + - - - + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - + - - + - - + - - - - + +
+Hovops
Fig. 5Fig. 109 -Godumops +
Fig. 5Fig. 109 +Godumops
+
Figs 2383 -Benoit 1968 -Corronca 2003 -Corronca 2005 +Benoit 1968 +Corronca 2003 +Corronca 2005
-Makdiops +
+Makdiops
-Selenops +
+Selenops
-Corronca 2003 +
+Corronca 2003 -Garcorops + +Garcorops
+
Fig. 23 -Corronca 2005 -Dankittipakul and Corronca 2009 +Corronca 2005 +Dankittipakul and Corronca 2009
-Siamspinops +
+Siamspinops
-Benoit 1968 -Corronca 2005 +
+Benoit 1968 +Corronca 2005 -Anyphops + +Anyphops
Figs 749 -Karaops +
Figs 749 +Karaops
diff --git a/data/E6/04/E8/E604E8AE7C9DC535F72753AAA0AFFB7E.xml b/data/E6/04/E8/E604E8AE7C9DC535F72753AAA0AFFB7E.xml index 4b9dcac7a56..b39daea74d7 100644 --- a/data/E6/04/E8/E604E8AE7C9DC535F72753AAA0AFFB7E.xml +++ b/data/E6/04/E8/E604E8AE7C9DC535F72753AAA0AFFB7E.xml @@ -1,100 +1,100 @@ - - - -The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region + + + +The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region - - -Author + + +Author -Crews, Sarah C. +Crews, Sarah C. - - -Author + + +Author -Harvey, Mark S. +Harvey, Mark S. -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2011 - -99 + +2011 + +99 - -1 -104 + +1 +104 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 -1313-2970-99-1 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 +1313-2970-99-1 - - - + + + Genus -Siamspinops Dankittipakul & Corronca, 2009 +Siamspinops Dankittipakul & Corronca, 2009 - - -Siamspinops -Dankittipakul and Corronca 2009 + + +Siamspinops +Dankittipakul and Corronca 2009 : 69. Type species: -Siamspinops spinosissimus +Siamspinops spinosissimus , Dankittipakul and Corronca, 2009, by original designation. - -Diagnosis. - -Siamspinops + +Diagnosis. + +Siamspinops females can beseparated from those of all other genera by the combination of highly coiled spermathecae and by the presence of a posterodorsal epigynal fold. Some members of -Karaops +Karaops gen. n. also have strongly coiled ducts, but are lacking the posterodorsal fold. Males can be easily separated by having extremely strongly forward projecting chelicerae and long fangs. No other genus of selenopid has these characters. - -Description. - + +Description. + Total length 6.00-7.90. Cephalothorax: Carapace with some dusky marks, wider than long. Short, broad, shallow fovea. Setae simple. AER straight, PER recurved. AME smaller than PME. Chelicerae slightly geniculate and robust in female; chelicerae and fangs in male are very long and strongly projecting forward; with 3 pro -lateral +lateral and 2 retrolateral teeth. Legs: Leg II is longer than leg IV, with leg III longest in females; tibiae I and II with 11-15 paired ventral spines, metatarsi I and II with 7-13 paired ventral spines; tarsal scopulae present. Female copulatory organs: Epigynum with or without lateral lobes, with median field and epigynal pockets. Spermathecae heavily sclerotized and coiled, with 7-14 spirals, posterodorsal fold present. Male copulatory organs: Palpal tibia with 2 tibial apophyses; embolus long and filiform; conductor T-shaped with one tip pointed;MA with only one branch, simple, and hook-shaped. - -Distribution. - -Siamspinops + +Distribution. + +Siamspinops occurs in Southeast Asia from Thailand, south to Malaysia (Map 1). - -Composition. - + +Composition. + Four species, -Siamspinops allospinosus +Siamspinops allospinosus , -Siamspinops spinescens +Siamspinops spinescens , -Siamspinops spinosissimus +Siamspinops spinosissimus , -Siamspinops spinosus +Siamspinops spinosus which were all recently described by -Dankittipakul and Corronca (2009) +Dankittipakul and Corronca (2009) , and we transfer one species, -Selenops aculeatus +Selenops aculeatus , to -Siamspinops +Siamspinops , and redescribe this species, bringing the total number of species to five. It is likely there are many more species in the region. diff --git a/data/F4/48/E7/F448E7CB1651E64E5A62DDB57303E17F.xml b/data/F4/48/E7/F448E7CB1651E64E5A62DDB57303E17F.xml index 14b8c202115..1464fbf21ab 100644 --- a/data/F4/48/E7/F448E7CB1651E64E5A62DDB57303E17F.xml +++ b/data/F4/48/E7/F448E7CB1651E64E5A62DDB57303E17F.xml @@ -1,214 +1,214 @@ - - - -The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region + + + +The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region - - -Author + + +Author -Crews, Sarah C. +Crews, Sarah C. - - -Author + + +Author -Harvey, Mark S. +Harvey, Mark S. -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2011 - -99 + +2011 + +99 - -1 -104 + +1 +104 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 -1313-2970-99-1 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 +1313-2970-99-1 - - - + + + Genus -Selenops Latreille, 1819 +Selenops Latreille, 1819 Figs 112-115 - - -Selenops -Latreille 1819 + + +Selenops +Latreille 1819 : 579. Type species -Selenops radiatus +Selenops radiatus Latreille, 1819, by original designation. - -Orops -Benoit 1968 + +Orops +Benoit 1968 : 116. Type species -Selenops littoricola +Selenops littoricola Strand, 1913, by original designation. Synonymized by -Corronca (1996 +Corronca (1996 : 60). - -Diagnosis. -All members of this genus can be distinguished from other genera by the ventral spination on the tibiae and metatarsi of legs I and II, where there are 3 pairs of spines on the tibiae, and 2 pairs of spines on the metatarsi. + +Diagnosis. +All members of this genus can be distinguished from other genera by the ventral spination on the tibiae and metatarsi of legs I and II, where there are 3 pairs of spines on the tibiae, and 2 pairs of spines on the metatarsi. - -Remarks. - + +Remarks. + Despite the amount of recent work that has been done on the family, there is still some difficulty in determining boundaries of genera, in particular with the genus -Selenops +Selenops . ( -Corronca (1998 +Corronca (1998 , -2002 +2002 ) has provided diagnoses of the genera of -Selenopidae +Selenopidae , -but +but there are many variations, and several species considered in the present study do not quite fit into the genus -Selenops +Selenops as currently defined. -Walckenaer (1837) +Walckenaer (1837) first recognized three groups based on characteristics of the chelicerae, labium and leg lengths. These characters were not substantiated by -Simon (1880) +Simon (1880) who attempted to divide the family into Old and New World species based on eye size. In the New World, F. O. -Pickard-Cambridge (1900) +Pickard-Cambridge (1900) first distinguished species using eye size and position along with genitalic characters. ( -Petrunkevitch (1925 +Petrunkevitch (1925 , -1930 +1930 ) divided these species into groups and described new species based on leg proportions. In 1953, Muma established six species groups for species from North and Central America and the Caribbean based on leg lengths, eye size and position, and genitalic characters. Current authors ( - -Alayon-Garcia + +Alayon-Garcia 1992 , -2001 +2001 , -2003 +2003 , -2005 +2005 ; Valdez-Mondragon 2007, 2010) still use these characters and groupings despite variation and species that do not fit into any group ( -Crews in press +Crews in press ). - + Additionally, molecular phylogenetic work ( -Crews and Gillespie 2010 +Crews and Gillespie 2010 ) and morphological data indicate that the monophyly of the genus -Selenops +Selenops is somewhat questionable. In the molecular phylogenies, -Selenops +Selenops is either para- or polyphyletic, though these results lack significant support in all trees. The para- and polyphyly occurs between the Old and New World selenopids. That is, the New World selenopids are monophyletic, and the Old World selenopids are not. -Benoit (1968 +Benoit (1968 , p. 118) noted that American -Selenops +Selenops are very different from the African ones, and that they have nothing at the generic level in common with species from the Old World. He suggested that they should be the object of a new classification. Unfortunately, he did not elaborate further. We examined multiple species of New and Old World -Selenops +Selenops , but we have no better conclusion than -Benoit (1968) +Benoit (1968) . We are unable to find any morphological characters that consistently differentiate Old and New World -Selenops +Selenops , and do not have enough molecular data from Old World species, and thus the genus is retained for both groups at this time. - -Description. -Total length 4-20. Cephalothorax: Carapace with some marks, wider than long; long, narrow fovea with 6 radiating lines. Setae either plumose or stiff, sometimes both types occur on same specimen; clypeus low. Eyes: 6 eyes in anterior row, either in a straight line or slightly recurved; PME larger than AME in most specimens, but in some specimens equal or, rarely, smaller; eye size occasionally differs between sexes of same species; Chelicerae slightly geniculate, robust, with 3 prolateral and 2 retrolateral teeth. Legs: Leg II longer than leg IV in most species, however, this is not always the case. Leg lengths are highly variable in this genus, and do not seem to be a good indicator of phylogeny or classification; tibia and metatarsai with 3 and 2 ventral spines, respectively. Tarsal, and in some species, metatarsal scopulae present, especially in females. Female copulatory organs: Epigynum usually with lateral lobes, occasionally with epigynal pockets; some species have a posterodorsal fold (Crews, in press), which is an extension of the external copulatory organs that folds in and may cover spermathecae or internal ducts. Male copulatory organs: Tibia typically with 2, and in some species 3 apophyses, with dorsal apophysis longer than ventral one in most species; median apophysis is one or two branched, and can be translucent, or with one or both branches sclerotized. + +Description. +Total length 4-20. Cephalothorax: Carapace with some marks, wider than long; long, narrow fovea with 6 radiating lines. Setae either plumose or stiff, sometimes both types occur on same specimen; clypeus low. Eyes: 6 eyes in anterior row, either in a straight line or slightly recurved; PME larger than AME in most specimens, but in some specimens equal or, rarely, smaller; eye size occasionally differs between sexes of same species; Chelicerae slightly geniculate, robust, with 3 prolateral and 2 retrolateral teeth. Legs: Leg II longer than leg IV in most species, however, this is not always the case. Leg lengths are highly variable in this genus, and do not seem to be a good indicator of phylogeny or classification; tibia and metatarsai with 3 and 2 ventral spines, respectively. Tarsal, and in some species, metatarsal scopulae present, especially in females. Female copulatory organs: Epigynum usually with lateral lobes, occasionally with epigynal pockets; some species have a posterodorsal fold (Crews, in press), which is an extension of the external copulatory organs that folds in and may cover spermathecae or internal ducts. Male copulatory organs: Tibia typically with 2, and in some species 3 apophyses, with dorsal apophysis longer than ventral one in most species; median apophysis is one or two branched, and can be translucent, or with one or both branches sclerotized. - - -Distribution + + +Distribution . - -Selenops + +Selenops occurs in the New World from southern North America, throughout Central America, to southern South America, including islands in the Caribbean Sea. In the Old World, -Selenops +Selenops occurs throughout Africa, the Mediterranean, Middle East, and Asia including Japan and Taiwan. - -Composition. - + +Composition. + Currently there are 124 species of -Selenops +Selenops described. Revisionary work of the African -Selenops +Selenops species was done first by -Lawrence (1940) +Lawrence (1940) , followed by -Benoit (1968) +Benoit (1968) , and -Corronca (2002) +Corronca (2002) . -Corronca (2001) +Corronca (2001) has also described new species from the African region. -Selenops radiatus +Selenops radiatus , the type of the genus, is the most widespread species, occurring from northern Africa, throughout the Middle East and Mediterranean and into India and China. In the New World, -Muma (1953) +Muma (1953) revised the North American, Central American and Caribbean -Selenopidae +Selenopidae . -Corronca (1998) +Corronca (1998) revised South American representatives. - -Alayon-Garcia + +Alayon-Garcia (2005) has revised the Cuban species and reviewed and described species from other Caribbean islands such as Jamaica ( - -Alayon-Garcia + +Alayon-Garcia 2003 ), the Dominican Republic ( - -Alayon-Garcia + +Alayon-Garcia 1992 ), and -Curacao +Curacao ( - -Alayon-Garcia + +Alayon-Garcia 2001 ). ( - -Valdez-Mondragon + +Valdez-Mondragon (2007 , -2010 +2010 ) has also described a handful of species from -Mexico +Mexico . The most recent revision of the North and Central American and Caribbean species was done by -Crews (in press) +Crews (in press) . Below we include a special section reviewing the -Selenops +Selenops species found in China, as the literature is difficult to obtain. - -Selenops from China - + +Selenops from China + The Chinese species have been reviewed by -Zhu et al. (1990) +Zhu et al. (1990) . Currently, there are only three species described from this vast region, one of which is widespread throughout eastern Asia, including China, Japan, Korea and Taiwan, and one has the largest range of any member of the genus. Here we review the species, synonymize one species, and provide collecting localities, information on the types and some natural history data. diff --git a/data/F6/81/1A/F6811A99383FF350B316B50609A9D84D.xml b/data/F6/81/1A/F6811A99383FF350B316B50609A9D84D.xml index 1a45d941a9f..60bed41ae07 100644 --- a/data/F6/81/1A/F6811A99383FF350B316B50609A9D84D.xml +++ b/data/F6/81/1A/F6811A99383FF350B316B50609A9D84D.xml @@ -1,81 +1,81 @@ - - - -The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region + + + +The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region - - -Author + + +Author -Crews, Sarah C. +Crews, Sarah C. - - -Author + + +Author -Harvey, Mark S. +Harvey, Mark S. -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2011 - -99 + +2011 + +99 - -1 -104 + +1 +104 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 -1313-2970-99-1 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723 +1313-2970-99-1 - - - -Selenops ollarius Zhu, Sha et Chen, 1990 + + + +Selenops ollarius Zhu, Sha et Chen, 1990 Map 1 - - -Selenops ollarius -Zhu et al. 1990 + + +Selenops ollarius +Zhu et al. 1990 : 32, figs 9-10. - -Type material. - + +Type material. + Female holotype: Leshan Buddha Temple, Sichuan Province, China [ -29°34'N +29°34'N , -103°41'E +103°41'E ], 23.X.1975, Z. Chuandian (Norman Bethune Medial University, Department of Biology, Changchun, Jilin; not examined). - -Distribution. -Only known from the type locality (Map 1). + +Distribution. +Only known from the type locality (Map 1). - -Remarks. - -Selenops ollarius + +Remarks. + +Selenops ollarius clearly belongs in the genus -Selenops +Selenops . The epigynum resembles that of -Selenops radiatus +Selenops radiatus and other Old World -Selenopidae +Selenopidae .