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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="292619" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8b0ee157-5706-4c55-af28-05c7be13b8d1" checkinTime="1706642264574" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Info Flora" docDate="2021" docId="D06615C06CC1495673E6AC9E6B4BFF3D" docLanguage="de" docName="InfoFlora.Sapindaceae.xml" docOrigin="https://www.infoflora.ch/de/flora/sapindaceae.html (accessed 2023-10-20)" docSource="https://www.infoflora.ch/de/flora/sapindaceae.html" docTitle="Acer platanoides L." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" id="727222D9263C775787606CC79E9B0943" masterDocId="E4F54CA97FE3C46C316882049525CB6A" masterDocTitle="Info Flora Schweiz - Sapindaceae" updateTime="1712196763409" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="48C70712F869731001A9BEA7E95212AF" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="1DE8D7393773F4952526CE7E217557BD">
<mods:title id="7A64B1361E02D4A2E704381C0FBD8611">Info Flora Schweiz - Sapindaceae</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="4D6DE34299F8D2898340E1A65746A323" type="personal">
<mods:role id="D29BFDA67C3B8AC65861674C6478FCD9">
<mods:roleTerm id="B77FD69B1DEF7C15D0757301E9360A5A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="15FF45A4F54FE89D04B6D2FD2C39532A">Info Flora</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="59AA29067BFEB2281BCD1AD19FF129AD">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:originInfo id="F3892C6477CB6EA5C3BF832F98A2C872">
<mods:dateIssued id="F521F3A20E36988571E16CAB84972BEA">2021</mods:dateIssued>
<mods:dateCaptured id="489DC1850A46ECA6446E6207BCABD470">2023-10-20</mods:dateCaptured>
<mods:publisher id="41686DCA6377BDDE7A9AB6E9DE7A76B9">Info Flora Schweiz</mods:publisher>
<mods:place id="AD9C829563C1444E7934E7F9A4FA831E">
<mods:placeTerm id="6616A57EC215B5233B3FB1D05F545653">Geneve</mods:placeTerm>
</mods:place>
</mods:originInfo>
<mods:location id="9816049CA5C13D65DF126C367933D877">
<mods:url id="A8AF5C4CCEA4D0ECB9D7978B02ED499E">https://www.infoflora.ch/de/flora/sapindaceae.html</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="9F854EA30D1A1CB2FC8DB26ACB34FD2A">url</mods:classification>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="D06615C06CC1495673E6AC9E6B4BFF3D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10916644" ID-GBIF-Taxon="224779893" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10916644" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D06615C06CC1495673E6AC9E6B4BFF3D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D06615C06CC1495673E6AC9E6B4BFF3D">
<subSubSection id="597F907DBACD10817735AE33D1A32C26" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="A2720928627A39D335B7C39A07B1BDEA">
<taxonomicName id="3958DD2BD6E7FEEB2B62B553CF21763F" ID-CoL="94H3" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="platanoides">
<emphasis id="DF2D60456CDE0118E4FB480D939C61F9" italics="true">Acer platanoides</emphasis>
L.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F6361CBE3E46F665BF036476BDBB2703" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="4AD4EA2F908D78E35B1827F74F66453E">
<vernacularName id="0DDD996CA877CFD2C1FA9DB1B81BA399">Spitz-Ahorn</vernacularName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E7CC5F8C1FF007B6FCA8BE385DE3D40E" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="E454BD3404C793830B40DBE16DF47240">
Art ISFS: 700 Checklist: 1000120
<taxonomicName id="962C5A874166FE69849CD0AA264AE1FD" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Sapindaceae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="3B2C33741304EAEDD5DF19FEEFA57BD2" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Acer</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="D8FF7B3B9AD2B94E0D588DF14DCBE76F" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="platanoides">Acer platanoides L.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4308D168EA22B47758797CA8E1F7FCA0">
<heading id="BA4DBD93439391E7E0D5E00479C404FC">Zusammenfassung</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="606AEAAAADBB665D8047B2E26B0EA1A2" type="description">
<paragraph id="06F1459C5DDAEE33D8CBA8604B9AE9A7">
Artbeschreibung
<emphasis id="FCC0F69AF3852DA6B8A5430B696E8EF9" italics="true">
(nach
<bibRefCitation id="5B21274FF86BFA8E57DCBAF54737F8EF" ID-ISBN="978-3-258-08047-5" author="Lauber, K. &amp; Wagner, G. &amp; Gygax, A." location="Bern" publisher="Haupt Verlag" refString="Lauber, K., Wagner, G., Gygax, A. 2018. Flora Helvetica. Haupt Verlag, Bern. ISBN: 978-3-258-08047-5." title="Flora Helvetica" year="2018">Lauber &amp; al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
:
<normalizedToken id="FCBEABC29995F62CE82438FBC62C4CC4" originalValue="Ähnlich">Aehnlich</normalizedToken>
wie
<taxonomicName id="B8CDEEC919BBDB2324C4ACC995304DAC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudoplatanus">
<emphasis id="B4F3F62D0E9DC8BA0C13EA66F346D74E" italics="true">A. pseudoplatanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, aber
<normalizedToken id="A0B8EDFD157761F8B08BCB4DD18576C7" originalValue="Blätter">Blaetter</normalizedToken>
beidseits fast gleichfarbig,
<emphasis id="75A66DAA4CFA2C411B9CC665E7184F8B" bold="true">
Lappen lang zugespitzt, mit fein zugespitzten
<normalizedToken id="E75394D78D6A968490BED15E580E0ABF" originalValue="Zähnen">Zaehnen</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
und stumpfen Buchten.
<emphasis id="06F9311109B7771A1B5C653A25F708EA" bold="true">
<normalizedToken id="BE6358D1BECF9BE536AA2F0CBF8C6F0A" originalValue="Blüten">Blueten</normalizedToken>
in aufrechten, doldigen Rispen
</emphasis>
, vor den
<normalizedToken id="AE494B6FD8663D628A7B4D46AAF4F17E" originalValue="Blättern">Blaettern</normalizedToken>
erscheinend.
<normalizedToken id="AC65F100FCFDC29F2C9CF90274547043" originalValue="Flügel">Fluegel</normalizedToken>
der Frucht unter stumpfem Winkel weit gespreizt.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95DA082E44E5496592572233C0BE9177" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="6ABCEB947A80D2F56223D4ADA3AE882E">
<normalizedToken id="AFC5DB2C2407CB25A1A133561BAC1EF3" originalValue="Blütezeit">Bluetezeit</normalizedToken>
<emphasis id="E39CE1CAC18EDCD6505C7615E8C5EE95" italics="true">
(nach
<bibRefCitation id="6D23C1CA9C1BABEC5C0B9E39C5E5631D" ID-ISBN="978-3-258-08047-5" author="Lauber, K. &amp; Wagner, G. &amp; Gygax, A." location="Bern" publisher="Haupt Verlag" refString="Lauber, K., Wagner, G., Gygax, A. 2018. Flora Helvetica. Haupt Verlag, Bern. ISBN: 978-3-258-08047-5." title="Flora Helvetica" year="2018">Lauber &amp; al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
: 4
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C8BECF547CEB1A5CFF3684696C4FD1F2">
Standort und Verbreitung in der Schweiz
<emphasis id="E28741EEA66032F407767A6AAEB76DA7" italics="true">
(nach
<bibRefCitation id="7BD95235721FB1E134C9FA3F67C854ED" ID-ISBN="978-3-258-08047-5" author="Lauber, K. &amp; Wagner, G. &amp; Gygax, A." location="Bern" publisher="Haupt Verlag" refString="Lauber, K., Wagner, G., Gygax, A. 2018. Flora Helvetica. Haupt Verlag, Bern. ISBN: 978-3-258-08047-5." title="Flora Helvetica" year="2018">Lauber &amp; al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
:
<normalizedToken id="32B46BF70A53682BDFA1C371EE045396" originalValue="Laubmischwälder">Laubmischwaelder</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken id="41D7D80ECE2864A457A656893D5A2DB8" originalValue="Auenwälder">Auenwaelder</normalizedToken>
, auch oft angepflanzt / kollin-montan / CH
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="589A84A713EDE1FFF95FF6000CDC765B" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="F9DAFDE325787708CD2D333B95690431">
Verbreitung global
<emphasis id="A9953BFD85B4EB459E529551E43E104D" italics="true">
(nach
<bibRefCitation id="D0F7A753C86A5F62DCEE16AB32C0EBE2" ID-ISBN="978-3-258-08047-5" author="Lauber, K. &amp; Wagner, G. &amp; Gygax, A." location="Bern" publisher="Haupt Verlag" refString="Lauber, K., Wagner, G., Gygax, A. 2018. Flora Helvetica. Haupt Verlag, Bern. ISBN: 978-3-258-08047-5." title="Flora Helvetica" year="2018">Lauber &amp; al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
:
<normalizedToken id="A8F6960E87C32E384A2A0DC4E2F1036B" originalValue="Europäisch-westasiatisch">Europaeisch-westasiatisch</normalizedToken>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="ABC692424D0C085D6202949D6E6096D2" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="05C6EAC194AA517DB260A9A1CB8B2777">
<normalizedToken id="3EA36BF86F5CB3F1D374140D8BFB1E27" originalValue="Ökologische">Oekologische</normalizedToken>
Zeigerwerte
<emphasis id="DBD7A190A534344F81858D1E3B9B9467" italics="true">
(nach
<bibRefCitation id="0DC5ACB6A8DACBF26CA6CEA0580C7DA4" author="Landolt, E. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Erhardt, A. &amp; Hegg, O. &amp; Klötzli, F. &amp; Lämmler, W. &amp; Nobis, M. &amp; Rudmann-Maurer, K. &amp; Theurillat, J.P. &amp; Urmi, E. &amp; Vust, M. &amp; Wohlgemuth, T." publicationUrl="https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" refString="Landolt, E., Bäumler, B., Erhardt, A., Hegg, O., Klötzli, F., Lämmler, W., Nobis, M., Rudmann-Maurer, K., Theurillat, J.P., Urmi, E., Vust, M., Wohlgemuth, T. 2010. Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen (2nd ed.). https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" title="Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen" year="2010">Landolt &amp; al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
343-243.p.2n=26
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="91138E311C12B6AFAF03EE8C8CF3A629" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="CE0ABEBB208A2D2D7EBADED8C0921EF1">Status</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E80F1338326D3AAC9C6EFFBDE218B6B4" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="DF8F35C2D450BA1B340971EE597911BD">
<heading id="20E56FAEE6564BCA615A3DA36ED5CB78">Status IUCN</heading>
: Nicht
<normalizedToken id="DB101BF01CBB422C4E8E726AFD99CDB5" originalValue="gefährdet">gefaehrdet</normalizedToken>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4152DC98AC1D1967EEA61B1B4DF7B31B" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="6AFF9937EC2A0AA0AA64406BFD649B49">
<heading id="DD145F756390B14CF2623BF07525508E">
<normalizedToken id="E96A7A2C6A5A85F88D3F4CA08C32004D" originalValue="Ökologie">Oekologie</normalizedToken>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F78F76B252142741A521B50F97E3106E">Lebensform Phanerophyt</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7BA25B55CD5806FB0BEAAAFD5D37CD67">
<heading id="D7B8050C22AD16BCE9E406F60AB2C5C7">Lebensraum Lebensraum</heading>
nach
<bibRefCitation id="A4A67DE990D57C4A0ECEF21CA112A955" author="Delarze, R. &amp; Gonseth, Y. &amp; Eggenberger, S. &amp; Vust, M." location="Bad Hersfeld, Germany" publisher="Ott Verlag" refString="Delarze, R., Gonseth, Y., Eggenberger, S., Vust, M. 2015. Lebensräume der Schweiz: Oekologie – Gefährdung – Kennarten (3rd edition). Ott Verlag, Bad Hersfeld, Germany, 456 pp." title="Lebensräume der Schweiz: Oekologie – Gefährdung – Kennarten (3rd edition)" year="2015">Delarze &amp; al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E73E20E82CE52BA2697AC750F75E6B1C">
<table id="874F8AFF6CDE8191BE76FC59D5103704" class="table" inLine="true">
<tbody id="F5FDACA683919F20926A2EC5736484CB">
<tr id="5145CA39ACFD5343611F5F971501337F">
<td id="7AB3DCDE8C88D590A6640003498621C9">
6.3.1 - Ahorn-Schluchtwald (
<emphasis id="87B390DDC8B571EEF242B0CAE0C128B0" italics="true">Lunario-Acerion</emphasis>
)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="A9F5119422338A7C3E2D7CFA8780B7A6">
<td id="2EC6EE685E6D0226FD2CE823865B91F4">
6.3.2 - Linden-Mischwald (
<emphasis id="7C70A768800037ABED1C5F4520DA56EF" italics="true">Tilion platyphylli</emphasis>
)
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="04E7DB8BF1B135FD83947AFEA1D38F81">
<tableNote id="FD66A5AB7AC4A449ED0B08D137EBF4E2">
<emphasis id="4ABF70AA0DE64D13F937007B639585A8" bold="true">fett</emphasis>
<emphasis id="7A766E75C5F6C923FBDB61B2DDF5C772" italics="true">
Dominante Art, welche das Aussehen des Lebensraumes
<normalizedToken id="D0FFE8C0AE5BF8409D7575CF8E8744E2" originalValue="mitprägt">mitpraegt</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="6DA2D5AC46D176F1D375182C5B6BF0A5" italics="true">Charakterart</emphasis>
<emphasis id="44E975C50CB82DC1BBFB77485EBD97B8" italics="true">Weniger strikt an den Lebensraum gebundene Art</emphasis>
</tableNote>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3A9B43F9B65F6BB8E54B37F25157F63D" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="F49F2B7B36DDBB0E9D620309C9D75377">
<normalizedToken id="1855CAB51362C44542664D9B44E8C2C4" originalValue="Ökologische">Oekologische</normalizedToken>
Zeigerwerte nach
<bibRefCitation id="843685B90D1D213430E09A6FC9FD48C2" author="Landolt, E. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Erhardt, A. &amp; Hegg, O. &amp; Klötzli, F. &amp; Lämmler, W. &amp; Nobis, M. &amp; Rudmann-Maurer, K. &amp; Theurillat, J.P. &amp; Urmi, E. &amp; Vust, M. &amp; Wohlgemuth, T." publicationUrl="https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" refString="Landolt, E., Bäumler, B., Erhardt, A., Hegg, O., Klötzli, F., Lämmler, W., Nobis, M., Rudmann-Maurer, K., Theurillat, J.P., Urmi, E., Vust, M., Wohlgemuth, T. 2010. Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen (2nd ed.). https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" title="Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen" year="2010">Landolt &amp; al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BFD64DD1A521F6AFD8F28B4266212CDB">
<table id="4C8B4F2789DE88CCB7F8D73AA47DB0F0" class="table" inLine="true">
<tbody id="B95728A4901EC2FD7050A369A2AE41E6">
<tr id="5CE1ED6C739FDA7FFD2BC95A5D1AF540">
<th id="6096F2B73DADC6CF0CAB4EFE55DCD10F" colspan="2">
<emphasis id="583A57CFDA634925DEB1B27BC6EEECE6" bold="true">Bodenfaktoren</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="F9804983176DA12DA313B3A626B2F395" colspan="2">
<emphasis id="A77F3D53017ADA753632F440E3FCEEE2" bold="true">Klimafaktoren</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="6E10C42357A9D35847161F2BE5388F74" colspan="2">
<emphasis id="B9651F3F96B5BB47668A4634846154B5" bold="true">Salztoleranz</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="8E7975F5EF9ACBC13AE8CD2E77D1115F">
<td id="4916651D57FB6C6B188A887056294AE5">Feuchtezahl F</td>
<td id="EC94A53AC48EC8018B06AC0029CFDB0F" style="text-align:left;width:100px">
<normalizedToken id="E4A0AF3088411519EFBEC7EFD6CE0C56" originalValue="mässig">maessig</normalizedToken>
feucht
</td>
<td id="AB8F9A9DC4F47AF71E5C55B7EC1322EA">Lichtzahl L</td>
<td id="2C28EC5AD4E787EC403E499ED74DE574" style="text-align:left;width:60px">schattig</td>
<td id="DCE0AEB89649A3EE63F9B27258E741F1">Salzzeichen</td>
<td id="82E3F8768C7AC7790E75B11B83F29C38" style="text-align:left;width:60px">--</td>
</tr>
<tr id="4381FA88DCF003DA073BF8D78BEDAD13">
<td id="2ACBC82947D81775E1FE982820B819F9">Reaktionszahl R</td>
<td id="966C4FD65EE15DAD538701BD1F3516C9" style="text-align:left">neutral bis basisch (pH 5.5-8.5)</td>
<td id="0423672566BBE77434742BD8EB53741A">Temperaturzahl T</td>
<td id="9B595E97824C6EB930832411DE817607" style="text-align:left">
kollin (
<normalizedToken id="69B74DE000A324328552A464D3E1B07F" originalValue="Laubmischwälder">Laubmischwaelder</normalizedToken>
mit Eichen)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B2C42C39E9140C2EDFD20DEC019CEF85">
<td id="E2E2D3BF2B29BC7F5BD2ACC3FD3AE2E7">
<normalizedToken id="AE3741EC2A33D2A4E5594FDEFEE5DE5A" originalValue="Nährstoffzahl">Naehrstoffzahl</normalizedToken>
N
</td>
<td id="A45AC2B6B6B566B3BFCD0EE835E98007" style="text-align:left">
<normalizedToken id="09D336D9E9FF14BFC2FE8F6946F278E8" originalValue="mässig">maessig</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="18BE515BC295F3B6F2A739BEDAC0038D" originalValue="nährstoffarm">naehrstoffarm</normalizedToken>
bis
<normalizedToken id="E2267B51D259F5E470F995B77A60CF24" originalValue="mässig">maessig</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="E9EA086DC97CBCA8713B75D4D41D45E3" originalValue="nährstoffreich">naehrstoffreich</normalizedToken>
</td>
<td id="3F3A89EC2BB9DE04BB9DAF7FEAC01F26">
<normalizedToken id="440958D10760F80E87C3DDBB9EC71ED9" originalValue="Kontinentalitätszahl">Kontinentalitaetszahl</normalizedToken>
K
</td>
<td id="8DF1E3A11822B377EFA9131E77AEBD1A" style="text-align:left">
subozeanisch bis subkontinental (mittlere Luftfeuchtigkeit,
<normalizedToken id="4B75E6FD59C2039D00D76F1D91773213" originalValue="mässige">maessige</normalizedToken>
Temperaturschwankungen und
<normalizedToken id="609F7BCEB0FB87F17E2241E919060B7C" originalValue="mässig">maessig</normalizedToken>
tiefe Wintertemperaturen)
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FE54D0E2FB57EF96B85BC983D0000253" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="CFEE793588C5A58780A899ABA74240A9">
<heading id="FAF7733CBC14D8B21B7E6FD59D20A899">Nomenklatur</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="150070EE51BF28C747578B5DB2FBF6CA">
<treatmentCitation id="8BAAB635BBB41DEB60EED5CAAC656D91">
<heading id="E4067364969EDDADDEBBA185FBEDCC11">
<normalizedToken id="35D8804DAA6894E759252C117C89C30D" originalValue="Gültiger">Gueltiger</normalizedToken>
Name (
<bibRefCitation id="CABC0DCB46443E5D15A5FB109DA9EEA4" author="Juillerat, P. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Bornand, C. &amp; Gygax, A. &amp; Jutzi, M. &amp; Möhl, A. &amp; Nyffeler, R. &amp; Sager, L. &amp; Santiago, H. &amp; Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
)
</heading>
:
<taxonomicName id="5B67128AC422BD5572DB2079D1F2B7DA" ID-CoL="94H3" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="platanoides">
<emphasis id="DD06EAB850E30F098FCB15115CD05132" italics="true">Acer platanoides</emphasis>
L.
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CCED0F6CAF8A6A3E01FC789DFAE2AB9A" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="B59920783E472D8D382CC82E3029C070">
Volksname Deutscher Name:
<vernacularName id="81CD9B7B692020FBFD9F9E37FEFCC3F2" language="deu">Spitz-Ahorn</vernacularName>
Nom
<normalizedToken id="E454537B6ACA887C60450D4994733EAA" originalValue="français">francais</normalizedToken>
:
<vernacularName id="B5D028767B87CDF986B4F7DE5D0717B9" language="fra">Erable plane</vernacularName>
Nome italiano:
<vernacularName id="7724FF033BD67809BB9CFE0F0B471EFD" language="ita">Acero riccio</vernacularName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A752137D432ACFDE38B029399900E713" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="E3DE0758DCFFAE1CC737B4E2514FE89C">
<normalizedToken id="DAFE729028FA638E20A6335D805CF95A" originalValue="Übereinstimmung">Uebereinstimmung</normalizedToken>
mit anderen Referenzwerken
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EF3F565D04E098001615D3FF7BC51B03">
<table id="0C53898961A546B3E95EBFF054FA86DB" class="table table-condensed" inLine="true">
<tbody id="95341A28E6D7B518EF2E59D6AD0EA47E">
<tr id="83E6AB8612205DE58577ABF8CFB74B65">
<th id="CB5D0A8452AB4FABA5EF779071864806" width="80px">Relation</th>
<th id="CC728DC8FAA16B64E08E275E2B9E9EAF">Nom</th>
<th id="36DD5A69431244CB56475ECE155E6F6C">Referenzwerke</th>
<th id="FFA2510708F4235C605FFE27AAC9AF93" width="90px">No</th>
</tr>
<tr id="2E6A3A6F5C1AC847ED283BA084B126DE">
<td id="A1A011271A7D51B8A69DCFA686AF3EC1" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="528FB3D63C0FCDFA06DABDBD77227850">
<taxonomicName id="BE9DCE77B4CE1F9A6A57636B64F2D0D3" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="platanoides">Acer platanoides L.</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="A459207041017B74BA4689F3525FC216">
<treatmentCitation id="65E9D87E76130A539D049BD069BC807A">
<bibRefCitation id="6EDBFEE3EF96FD83AFC102F74FF7A5B3" author="Juillerat, P. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Bornand, C. &amp; Gygax, A. &amp; Jutzi, M. &amp; Möhl, A. &amp; Nyffeler, R. &amp; Sager, L. &amp; Santiago, H. &amp; Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="14DCE7EE348950B26E5BFEB95A2DA78E">700</td>
</tr>
<tr id="045183C5654A3A66D29E3A8F11BA37B0">
<td id="AFD61583032DFBEB0124C8A8DF764FED" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="021B11AE6CDDC195E2FE0B0E1C3862A3">
<taxonomicName id="99CDF4B4BC125BE22C9EFA175B867AE3" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="platanoides">Acer platanoides L.</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="F734CACF3BB6AE446D860A4879AB746C">
<treatmentCitation id="D1825D8D0276F5F79E6630AAD49C876A">
<bibRefCitation id="B60F6F37B204FCC2A590A56D1873D127">Flora Helvetica 2001</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="B9D7900500CB4911FF38C569B4705B1F">1362</td>
</tr>
<tr id="AC1E1E4357CF023C4C64FA892E1BD195">
<td id="6C9502654B739AEA7F969B5CB20349C1" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="31228397F6373628648F3903FDEBACAB">
<taxonomicName id="4CE5E27AEA72880A3063B2EA23CC89C5" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="platanoides">Acer platanoides L.</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="6E0691D1BB5EBBEED0196536120393CB">
<treatmentCitation id="DA22A61109E96AE1EBB97DB611BC2340">
<bibRefCitation id="C2519293E10B504FC702FF701EC8605D">Flora Helvetica 2012</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="552832EE9F0FB7ACB543D66215A1AFE0">1018</td>
</tr>
<tr id="152B07D635540ACABF5D04CCE1BB9C5E">
<td id="A55D5E4F8F36EEDE274CDC137DB5107A" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="5EC3CB9D942ABA7A4F08DD2BE1764222">
<taxonomicName id="993035B4BE561657675A5558BD1A5659" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="platanoides">Acer platanoides L.</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="C4EC65365809EDB1FC24545C303B748A">
<treatmentCitation id="B1D47E4A606EC21E2B1A5507E7BEA246" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A1D0EBD366F68E978B7C67F25E752297">
<bibRefCitation id="0F560A1EBED81E82FF0A60AD13CCCE0B">Flora Helvetica 2018</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="570A0070C92C6CB046B272E740350279">1018</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2D406DB8BE0A95691D9DF355297096CD">
<td id="A2AD4860DFF5601B4063DE2ACEE67E17" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="4CE704913966E5EA24EEE6CF6299036A">
<taxonomicName id="7B86823AC6CE870B3F8C4A366FD72211" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="platanoides">Acer platanoides L.</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="3D5944D0CD7BE530A66CC7606DC0DC75">
<treatmentCitation id="7C3E4DF93CB6705E47CEEBE48B16B519">
<bibRefCitation id="58F8BE3D1D4F157D727FD0845171C44A">Index synonymique 1996</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="BBA363B5ADBA747BE3EBA293CD4871D6">700</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6AD909AEA4F1F914D4AE62202F4089D2">
<td id="C246A590890B0E6453FB754F07322599" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="A27D37451B7D0FA9AE13482A83DBB0CE">
<taxonomicName id="D6924F0EF7D5C7A5B1942CF725B62A2F" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="platanoides">Acer platanoides L.</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="505AA5C69766A3B6B4905D3008D43E15">
<treatmentCitation id="703237748D3E85F35426D5BD51A91199">
<bibRefCitation id="556FABCF42501A719E5B6F41C3087FD3">Landolt 1977</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="CD3D38891C566EE2DDBC7C98DCDB6A71">1986</td>
</tr>
<tr id="975FBF460410A19FFBD02068C29DBBD2">
<td id="51688DF513ED20276A7BF6BF65B05641" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="CDC02FD1FF2445FEBDD7DFB57EC815C2">
<taxonomicName id="5D0F539D3E91D2228EE39CEF01F9FB09" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="platanoides">Acer platanoides L.</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="A0D417D1CDB4D172134A1D4244CF33EB">
<treatmentCitation id="BA05623105CC897AF46CEDDBC10705BF">
<bibRefCitation id="AF93F16D0BF538DDB60017620D82733F">Landolt 1991</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="268F409EF1DD26708BA3B0FD06167189">1626</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D96C791D10BB4EFFC234A1E610A9E3E1">
<td id="A713F9FE8C6951C189CB7A864F385ED4" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="267092CEC47185873963A159D4347425">
<taxonomicName id="BC07F50055908C3C0FFD4E8E39B00342" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="platanoides">Acer platanoides L.</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="2DC42A7D40BD44B7CCB370D10A5F3BB0">
<treatmentCitation id="D7A035BDC64E7A0B9BD544BFE8519737">
<bibRefCitation id="411C1CAE54D2D1CB416F3ED1F7AD2A4C">SISF/ISFS 2</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="F4F6D8C5C4AE67A4720951E58788306A">700</td>
</tr>
<tr id="FF0C46180FCD94841D41B0169C725D06">
<td id="7E48AFB604E9C4BC739B5CBFD69F10D4" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="50163298331F30755DEEFFBC9C772F7D">
<taxonomicName id="0514033BD90DE6AAA2BB5CA72BFA6713" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="platanoides">Acer platanoides L.</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="C47F926BD58DC93E5E7F5C23C7CAB199">
<treatmentCitation id="675C8A2DBC2005FF246D663336BA0CD7">
<bibRefCitation id="8CE4B76298360B15FB92182A12736D15">Welten &amp; Sutter 1982</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="7AB7EE36D0ED1831A882DCC5B764BFA8">995</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="07F8B6AA89EE981CB6D35B6F77389977">
<tableNote id="18AEEFCAC17F15F8E1180A349C8EDD84">
= Taxon stimmt mit akzeptiertem Taxon
<normalizedToken id="904770035AB10F10A39BFED684F783C8" originalValue="überein">ueberein</normalizedToken>
(
<bibRefCitation id="621CD3EA1A3CF5220D4D6562AEA854C5" author="Juillerat, P. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Bornand, C. &amp; Gygax, A. &amp; Jutzi, M. &amp; Möhl, A. &amp; Nyffeler, R. &amp; Sager, L. &amp; Santiago, H. &amp; Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
) &lt;Taxon ist im akzeptierten Taxon (
<bibRefCitation id="38E47BB335D239221FB14A7D2C79B19F" author="Juillerat, P. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Bornand, C. &amp; Gygax, A. &amp; Jutzi, M. &amp; Möhl, A. &amp; Nyffeler, R. &amp; Sager, L. &amp; Santiago, H. &amp; Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
) enthalten&gt; Taxon
<normalizedToken id="DC44A49106C7C5D046FC957917B2B83A" originalValue="enthält">enthaelt</normalizedToken>
(neben anderen) auch das akzeptierte Taxon (
<bibRefCitation id="F737099CDA320AC89CCAF2EB95B6B636" author="Juillerat, P. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Bornand, C. &amp; Gygax, A. &amp; Jutzi, M. &amp; Möhl, A. &amp; Nyffeler, R. &amp; Sager, L. &amp; Santiago, H. &amp; Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
)
</tableNote>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A2B67D9B2D3C61F88BD9A9BA451382" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="B2F38E8D22212767503DF7C0912B0B90">
<heading id="792314D5D6687E9FF074F3F8A121A359">Status Indigenat</heading>
: Indigen
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D13F33CB24BD8E44800F83AEB3C6325E">
<emphasis id="EFDD7A0EBFCE11911B782CA9B8A5D5DE" bold="true">
<heading id="42E4B14BCDFAEBC47D90BD6AB9D9BEB9">
Liste der
<normalizedToken id="6ED363E83A1E8A608DC2C8C461D31877" originalValue="gefährdeten">gefaehrdeten</normalizedToken>
Pflanzen IUCN
</heading>
(nach
<bibRefCitation id="2CD3165C3B27D8B4B49C0E627E0AB6F6" author="Walter, K.S. &amp; Gillett, H.J." location="Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK" publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.44833" publisher="IUCN" refString="Walter, K.S. and Gillett, H.J. (editors). 1998. 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.44833" title="IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants" year="1997">Walter &amp; Gillett 1997</bibRefCitation>
):
</emphasis>
Nein
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D02CEC60383CF1D254AEA0E5E08A11A9">
<heading id="B9E68D6A49AA6B76099B29BD80B3547D">Status Rote Liste national 2016</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="49B25F0EB8ED299DDB86E1F3C19E77B7">
<heading id="EB6497400C8527B9695FB68452EE6173">Status IUCN</heading>
: Nicht
<normalizedToken id="B8963B8C5E6A89CD28B595FD37140C93" originalValue="gefährdet">gefaehrdet</normalizedToken>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C641DDC5F64894D13DFC147E183F9238">
<heading id="9E6CC9C162E8E33F1C8B6A523B82BC28">
<normalizedToken id="9625631F9860479411A950C00FEB77B3" originalValue="Zusätzliche">Zusaetzliche</normalizedToken>
Informationen
</heading>
Kriterien IUCN: --
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A87DA52AEAF5542C1A7967C98D9319F2">
<heading id="3F35125A18CA6CD2E8A09EF156EAE77D">Status Rote Liste regional 2019</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA4CE410F6C09BCEC5DC9245D4B1BAF0">
<table id="D7A5F677BF2E21671B0BEC455383F6D7" class="table table-condensed" inLine="true">
<tbody id="B46DBFB97347DA14BB40A4617FCD28E2">
<tr id="02089CF33A5E24D4B7EB61257B8CE573">
<th id="F094E2872C62E86A6F345C592F526BE5">Biogeografische Regionen</th>
<th id="C16568C57F33B375BA0CE6946647951E">Status</th>
<th id="ABF1C10CA0B9B89C9B970F25BB396759">Kriterien IUCN</th>
</tr>
<tr id="C018DACC61D5954B97F2043E5AED6B2B">
<td id="18CBA319F89A66C1E47076C626408726" class="regional_status">Jura (JU)</td>
<td id="426814B24A63AE56F7D9AC45CCD4B8C1">
nicht
<normalizedToken id="106041B3A0B4EB499D47F0CA0F477A47" originalValue="gefährdet">gefaehrdet</normalizedToken>
(Least Concern)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3DF11B44A6009D8490A8C9BD764106F9">
<td id="1E0E1F0B49B79A0FD801A20071CFF7B8" class="regional_status">Mittelland (MP)</td>
<td id="4EC59D3BF545373580F8A6D702D8E3CC">
nicht
<normalizedToken id="DCB5FD634DD6DB8A26463464C6A0CAAB" originalValue="gefährdet">gefaehrdet</normalizedToken>
(Least Concern)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="835C437F9913E855A5127FCB7AB00CD6">
<td id="BF6719E0BD2CCD11B65F243CD58EA31C" class="regional_status">Alpennordflanke (NA)</td>
<td id="383BCFD9BED24F06B4FBD771DF1314F5">
nicht
<normalizedToken id="9E5B1063920DB52DB4A9D16EC96767B0" originalValue="gefährdet">gefaehrdet</normalizedToken>
(Least Concern)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7C708F190D0795DF337A6287A9D5E1AF">
<td id="A11B8D3ECE3079061A7AC9FE570505ED" class="regional_status">
<normalizedToken id="B7C1E3B1F15B5EC4772E9EB7205B9D7A" originalValue="Alpensüdflanke">Alpensuedflanke</normalizedToken>
(SA)
</td>
<td id="5F0431F481C27FDD539702D4087DFDC6">
nicht
<normalizedToken id="8BA8EDC7B0FD4A47569E6A49AB3FFBCA" originalValue="gefährdet">gefaehrdet</normalizedToken>
(Least Concern)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="4EFC51DCFD62B1A4632BF3A0FD7C2577">
<td id="281695B69C6A68AA404F318BA39BEBFC" class="regional_status">
<normalizedToken id="DF796BBEAFF57D9C713BCB00B1C162BB" originalValue="Östliche">Oestliche</normalizedToken>
Zentralalpen (EA)
</td>
<td id="8CF07E07079D216BC7E586F046F61815">
nicht
<normalizedToken id="CFBE8569716C1616E9A92FDB9ABB5652" originalValue="gefährdet">gefaehrdet</normalizedToken>
(Least Concern)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="715AA1DBE7A05E6AF13B3ADCC2D6CC52">
<td id="A36BCE343B614E3A95B244E1AD5236D9" class="regional_status">Westliche Zentralalpen (WA)</td>
<td id="C9BCA4C9367D07A0C28F482C88F9248A">
nicht
<normalizedToken id="49452D7A90A2C6F158F8E3551CCB57FC" originalValue="gefährdet">gefaehrdet</normalizedToken>
(Least Concern)
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="259719367E9D1C6BE6A22A6D5D2B9C6B">
<heading id="4E47A205149C57D27B0541F6E3D51AF9">
Status nationale
<normalizedToken id="5E1542172E7FF76E67E872C8CDC65F83" originalValue="Priorität">Prioritaet</normalizedToken>
/Verantwortung
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="35F9977113A7E133A65E7D2AE8B94574">
<table id="4E5C153095DD8A02CDB8B0A207D5F624" class="table" inLine="true">
<tr id="D1079680FD3CF4420612B557CDB0FBA4">
<td id="8EAE82C0AD329C44247B02F337D62C15">
Keine nationale
<normalizedToken id="AB1BF567110CFE3A2AD2B872BE58DAD2" originalValue="Priorität">Prioritaet</normalizedToken>
oder internationale Verantwortung
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B4647AA089F5EAAB9E8E749E82B4E20">
<heading id="E9036D03BFF9E3A6A0856BC1CB53F12A">Schutzstatus</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8FF8CF04973ADA3796401B8A0E211B6B">
<table id="3010B81681F638BE5D6E6AD0A5048FE3" class="table" inLine="true">
<tr id="219BE82A0FC10C3FFB89A760B6A807A9">
<td id="6FC4A16221CB83D273C6909FC67534BB">Kein internationaler, nationaler oder kantonaler Schutz</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="305D6D75918301C21110E980294CA96D">Distribution of the genus Cocconeis (Bacillariophyceae) along the Seogwipo coast of Jeju Island, South Korea</mods:title>
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<treatment id="D0663914FF80FFE31B95FB5BFE4B949F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5794206" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191683120" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5794206" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D0663914FF80FFE31B95FB5BFE4B949F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D0663914FF80FFE31B95FB5BFE4B949F" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="161" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">
<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF80FFE51B95FB5BFD2491E9" box="[136,644,1192,1219]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="58708802FF80FFE51B95FB5BFD2491E9" blockId="10.[136,644,1192,1219]" box="[136,644,1192,1219]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">
<heading id="03383F6EFF80FFE51B95FB5BFD2491E9" bold="true" box="[136,644,1192,1219]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" reason="1">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF80FFE51B95FB5BFD2491E9" bold="true" box="[136,644,1192,1219]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">
13.
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF80FFE51BAFFB5BFE4C91E9" authority="Gregory" authorityName="Gregory" box="[178,492,1192,1219]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="distans">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF80FFE51BAFFB5BFE2091E8" bold="true" box="[178,384,1192,1219]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">Cocconeis distans</emphasis>
Gregory
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="C0F49487FF80FFE51AE7FB5BFDDC91E9" box="[506,636,1192,1218]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–24" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1880,1902]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-23@4.[151,1436,190,1855]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3–24. LM micrographs of Cocconeis species (1). Figs 3–5. Cocconeis stauroneiformis, RV (Fig. 3) and SVs (Figs 4, 5). Figs 6–8. C. costata, SVs (Figs 6, 7) and RV (Fig. 8). Figs 9–11. C. capensis, SVs. Figs 12–19. C. distans, SVs (Figs 12, 15, 17–19) and RVs (Figs 13, 14, 16) (Figs 14 and 15, 16 and 17, complete valve). Figs 20, 21. C. pelta, SV (Fig. 20) and RV (Fig. 21). Fig. 22. C. cf. pinnata, SV. Figs 23, 24. C. clandestina, SVs. Scale bar = 10 μm (Figs 3–24)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788081/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">Figs 12–19</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF80FFE51B95FB07FA369005" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="58708802FF80FFE51B95FB07FAE79021" blockId="10.[136,1430,1268,1326]" box="[136,1351,1268,1290]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF80FFE51B95FB07FF559021" bold="true" box="[136,245,1268,1290]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">Basionym:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF80FFE51BE6FB07FE239021" author="Gregory, W." box="[251,387,1268,1290]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" pagination="30 - 43" refId="ref15474" refString="Gregory, W. (1855) On a post-Tertiary lacustrine sand, containing Diatomaceous exuviae from, Glenshira, near Inverary. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, London 3: 30 - 43, pl. IV. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 64234" type="journal article" year="1855">Gregory 1855</bibRefCitation>
, p. 39, pl. 4, fig. 9 (incorrect);
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF80FFE519B6FB07FC939021" author="Gregory, W." box="[683,819,1268,1290]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" pagination="473 - 542" refId="ref15528" refString="Gregory, W. (1857) On new forms of marine Diatomaceae found in the Firth of Clyde and in Loch Fyne, illustrated by numerous figures drawn by K. K. Greville, LL. D., F. R. S. E. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 21: 473 - 542, pls. 9 - 14." type="journal article" year="1857">Gregory 1857</bibRefCitation>
, p. 490, pl. 9, fig. 23 (correct) (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF80FFE51F42FB07FA9C9021" author="De Stefano, M. &amp; Sacchi, U. &amp; Totti, C. &amp; Romero, O. E." box="[1119,1340,1268,1290]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" pagination="438 - 449" refId="ref15116" refString="De Stefano, M., Sacchi, U., Totti, C. &amp; Romero, O. E. (2006) Cocconeis distans Gregory and Amphicocconeis debesi (Hustedt) De Stefano comb. nov. (Bacillariophyta), an intricate taxonomical history. Botanica Marina 49: 438 - 449. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / BOT. 2006.055" type="journal article" year="2006">
De Stefano
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF80FFE51FCFFB07FAA39022" box="[1234,1283,1268,1289]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">et al.</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="58708802FF80FFE51B95FAEBFA369005" blockId="10.[136,1430,1268,1326]" box="[136,1430,1304,1326]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF80FFE51B95FAEBFF5F9005" bold="true" box="[136,255,1304,1326]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">References:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF80FFE51A1BFAEBFE349006" author="Sar, E. A. &amp; Romero, O. &amp; Sunesen, I." box="[262,404,1304,1325]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" pagination="79 - 106" refId="ref18682" refString="Sar, E. A., Romero, O. &amp; Sunesen, I. (2003) Cocconeis Ehrenberg and Psammococconeis Garcia (Bacillariophyta) from the Gulf of San Matias, Patagonia, Argentina. Diatom Research 18: 79 - 106. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0269249 X. 2003.9705575" type="journal article" year="2003">
Sar
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF80FFE51A31FAEBFEFC9006" box="[300,348,1304,1325]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">et al.</emphasis>
2003
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 86, figs 16–21, as
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF80FFE5197BFAEBFC649005" authority="Hustedt &amp; Aleem" authorityName="Hustedt &amp; Aleem" authorityYear="1951" box="[614,964,1304,1326]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="guttata">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF80FFE5197BFAEBFCB49006" box="[614,788,1304,1325]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">Cocconeis guttata</emphasis>
Hustedt &amp; Aleem
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF80FFE518D3FAEBFB079005" author="De Stefano, M. &amp; Sacchi, U. &amp; Totti, C. &amp; Romero, O. E." box="[974,1191,1304,1326]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" pagination="438 - 449" refId="ref15116" refString="De Stefano, M., Sacchi, U., Totti, C. &amp; Romero, O. E. (2006) Cocconeis distans Gregory and Amphicocconeis debesi (Hustedt) De Stefano comb. nov. (Bacillariophyta), an intricate taxonomical history. Botanica Marina 49: 438 - 449. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / BOT. 2006.055" type="journal article" year="2006">
De Stefano
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF80FFE51F22FAEBFBD09006" box="[1087,1136,1304,1325]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">et al.</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 440, figs 1–7, 15–32.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF80FFE51B95FAAFFC649365" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" type="description">
<paragraph id="58708802FF80FFE51B95FAAFFC649365" blockId="10.[136,1452,1372,2083]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF80FFE51B95FAAFFEBC905D" bold="true" box="[136,284,1372,1398]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">Description:</emphasis>
Valves elliptical, often rhombic in large forms, 13–31 μm long, 8–23 μm wide. SV: sternum linear, central area not developed. Transapical striae radiate towards the apices,
<quantity id="9F3725E7FF80FFE518CEFA73FBBC90B1" box="[979,1052,1408,1434]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.905" metricValueMax="2.286" metricValueMin="1.524" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" unit="in" value="7.5" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="6.0">6–9 in</quantity>
10 μm, areolae on striae, coarsely round to subquadrangular and included inflated costae around each areola,
<quantity id="9F3725E7FF80FFE518F8FA57FB8F9095" box="[997,1071,1444,1471]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.778" metricValueMax="2.286" metricValueMin="1.27" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" unit="in" value="7.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="5.0">5–9 in</quantity>
10 μm of stria. A row of areolae distinct around the margins of valve, on the other hand, among some large forms, two or three small areoale regularly arranged at the terminal ends of each stria in the valve margins (
<figureCitation id="C0F49487FF80FFE51847FA1FFC0E932D" box="[858,942,1516,1542]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–24" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1880,1902]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-23@4.[151,1436,190,1855]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3–24. LM micrographs of Cocconeis species (1). Figs 3–5. Cocconeis stauroneiformis, RV (Fig. 3) and SVs (Figs 4, 5). Figs 6–8. C. costata, SVs (Figs 6, 7) and RV (Fig. 8). Figs 9–11. C. capensis, SVs. Figs 12–19. C. distans, SVs (Figs 12, 15, 17–19) and RVs (Figs 13, 14, 16) (Figs 14 and 15, 16 and 17, complete valve). Figs 20, 21. C. pelta, SV (Fig. 20) and RV (Fig. 21). Fig. 22. C. cf. pinnata, SV. Figs 23, 24. C. clandestina, SVs. Scale bar = 10 μm (Figs 3–24)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788081/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
). RV: raphe straight, sternum narrow. Central area not developed. A narrow, hyaline area in the margin borders between valve and mantle. Transapical striae radiate towards the apices,
<quantity id="9F3725E7FF80FFE51A78F9C7FE689365" box="[357,456,1588,1615]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.445" metricValueMax="5.08" metricValueMin="3.81" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" unit="in" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">15–20 in</quantity>
10 μm, with 12–19 areolae in 10 μm of stria.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF80FFE31BA0F9ABFE4B949F" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="161" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="58708802FF80FFE51BA0F9ABFEAD929D" blockId="10.[136,1452,1372,2083]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF80FFE51BA0F9ABFE949359" bold="true" box="[189,308,1624,1650]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">Remarks:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF80FFE51A27F9AAFDA49359" box="[314,516,1624,1651]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="distans">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF80FFE51A27F9AAFDA49359" box="[314,516,1624,1651]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">Cocconeis distans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF80FFE51927F9AAFD099359" authorityName="Hustedt &amp; Aleem" authorityYear="1951" box="[570,681,1625,1651]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="guttata">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF80FFE51927F9AAFD099359" box="[570,681,1625,1651]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">C. guttata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are occasionally confused due to their similar morphology of valves, and until recently, taxonomic confusion still exists. A close examination of the literature describing the two species found that, before comparing the two taxa, there were two morphotypes in the
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF80FFE51F1BF952FBD79391" box="[1030,1143,1696,1723]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="distans">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF80FFE51F1BF952FBD79391" box="[1030,1143,1696,1723]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">C. distans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, small
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF80FFE51FD6F953FA929391" box="[1227,1330,1696,1722]" form="and" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" rank="form">form and</taxonomicName>
very large form in terms of dimensions of valves. As a result of referring to the literature describing small forms (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF80FFE51E1BF937FA0793F4" author="Gregory, W." box="[1286,1447,1732,1759]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" pagination="30 - 43" refId="ref15474" refString="Gregory, W. (1855) On a post-Tertiary lacustrine sand, containing Diatomaceous exuviae from, Glenshira, near Inverary. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, London 3: 30 - 43, pl. IV. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 64234" type="journal article" year="1855">Gregory 1855</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF80FFE51B95F91BFE8B9229" author="Sar, E. A. &amp; Romero, O. &amp; Sunesen, I." box="[136,299,1768,1794]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" pagination="79 - 106" refId="ref18682" refString="Sar, E. A., Romero, O. &amp; Sunesen, I. (2003) Cocconeis Ehrenberg and Psammococconeis Garcia (Bacillariophyta) from the Gulf of San Matias, Patagonia, Argentina. Diatom Research 18: 79 - 106. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0269249 X. 2003.9705575" type="journal article" year="2003">
Sar
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF80FFE51BAEF91AFF4A9229" box="[179,234,1768,1794]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">et al.</emphasis>
2003
</bibRefCitation>
, De Stephano et a. 2006,
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF80FFE5195CF91BFCEF9229" author="Riaux-Gobin, C. &amp; Compere, P. &amp; Al-Handal, A. Y." box="[577,847,1768,1794]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" pagination="325 - 338" refId="ref17822" refString="Riaux-Gobin, C., Compere, P. &amp; Al-Handal, A. Y. (2011) Species of the Cocconeis peltoides group with a marginal row of unusual processes (Mascarenes and Kerguelen Islands, Indian Ocean). Diatom Research 26: 325 - 338. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0269249 X. 2011.639559" type="journal article" year="2011">
Riaux-Gobin
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF80FFE519C4F91AFCB09229" box="[729,784,1768,1794]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
) and large forms (Cleve 1895, Peragallo and Peragallo 1897-1908,
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF80FFE51A0DF8FFFE09920D" author="Hustedt, F." box="[272,425,1804,1830]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" pagination="781 - 880" refId="ref15927" refString="Hustedt, F. (1933) Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Osterreichs und der Schweiz unter Berucksichtigung der ubrigen Lander Europas sowie der angrenzenden Meeresgebiete. In: Rabenhorst, L. (Ed.) Kryptogamen Flora von Deutschland, Osterreich und der Schweiz. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft m. b. h. Leipzig 7 (Teil 2, Lief. 3): 321 - 432, figs 781 - 880." type="journal article" year="1933">Hustedt 1933</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF80FFE51AA9F8FFFDEE920D" author="Hendey, N. I." box="[436,590,1804,1830]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" refId="ref15778" refString="Hendey, N. I. (1964) An introductory account of the smaller algae of British coastal waters. Part V: Bacillariophyceae (Diatoms). Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Fishery Investigations. Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 317 pp." type="book" year="1964">Hendey 1964</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF80FFE51944F8FFFCDB920D" author="Riaux-Gobin, C. &amp; Compere, P. &amp; Ector, L." box="[601,891,1804,1830]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" pagination="171 - 192" refId="ref17885" refString="Riaux-Gobin, C., Compere, P. &amp; Ector, L. (2014 a) Some Cocconeis species (Bacillariophyceae) originally described by William Gregory and Robert Kaye Greville from the Firth of Clyde and Loch Fyne (Scotland). Nova Hedwigia 99: 171 - 192. https: // doi. org / 10.1127 / 0029 - 5035 / 2014 / 0190" type="journal article" year="2014">
Riaux-Gobin
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF80FFE519EFF8FEFC8B920D" box="[754,811,1804,1830]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">et al.</emphasis>
2014a
</bibRefCitation>
), these two morphotypes are clearly distinguished in valve length (18–31: 28–60 μm) and valve width (10–20: 17–40 μm), density of stria (7–11: 4–5 rows in 10 μm), and density of areolae on a stria (4–8:
<quantity id="9F3725E7FF80FFE5194CF8A7FD179245" box="[593,695,1876,1902]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.302" metricValueMax="3.556" metricValueMin="3.048" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" unit="in" value="13.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="12.0">12–14 in</quantity>
10 μm of SV). Some morphological differences in length or stria densities may be due to the presence of morphological variations. Genetic analyses will precise if it is the same species or varieties.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="58708802FF80FFE51BA0F833FD569D08" blockId="10.[136,1452,1372,2083]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">
Meanwhile,
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF80FFE51A56F833FE5692F1" author="Hustedt, F." box="[331,502,1984,2010]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" pagination="781 - 880" refId="ref15927" refString="Hustedt, F. (1933) Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Osterreichs und der Schweiz unter Berucksichtigung der ubrigen Lander Europas sowie der angrenzenden Meeresgebiete. In: Rabenhorst, L. (Ed.) Kryptogamen Flora von Deutschland, Osterreich und der Schweiz. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft m. b. h. Leipzig 7 (Teil 2, Lief. 3): 321 - 432, figs 781 - 880." type="journal article" year="1933">Hustedt (1933)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF80FFE5196EF832FCDA92F1" authority="Greville" authorityName="Greville" authorityYear="1861" box="[627,890,1984,2011]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="granulifera">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF80FFE5196EF832FCB692F1" box="[627,790,1984,2011]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">C. granulifera</emphasis>
Greville
</taxonomicName>
as a synonym for
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF80FFE51F4FF832FB6492F1" box="[1106,1220,1984,2011]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="distans">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF80FFE51F4FF832FB6492F1" box="[1106,1220,1984,2011]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">C. distans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
while describing
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF80FFE51E8FF832FF7792D5" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="distans">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF80FFE51E8FF832FF7792D5" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">C. distans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and until recently the two species are still considered as a heterotypic synonym. However, the synonym of
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF80FFE51E8FF816FEA89D09" authorityName="Greville" authorityYear="1861" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="granulifera">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF80FFE51E8FF816FEA89D09" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">C. granulifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seems to correspond to the large
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF80FFE51962F7FAFD4E9D09" box="[639,750,2056,2083]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="distans">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF80FFE51962F7FAFD4E9D09" box="[639,750,2056,2083]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">C. distans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="0CB0D88AFF81FFE41B95F89DFC5B92E7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788091" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5788091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788091/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="160" startId="11.[136,243,1902,1924]" targetBox="[155,1436,190,1878]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="58708802FF81FFE41B95F89DFC5B92E7" blockId="11.[136,1451,1902,1996]" pageId="11" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF81FFE41B95F89DFE9592A8" bold="true" box="[136,309,1902,1924]" pageId="11" pageNumber="160">FIGURES 57–68</emphasis>
. LM micrographs of
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF81FFE4191DF89DFD0F92AF" box="[512,687,1902,1924]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="11" pageNumber="160" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF81FFE4191DF89DFDC492A8" box="[512,612,1902,1923]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="160">Cocconeis</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
(4). Figs 57–61.
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF81FFE4184FF89DFC5F92A8" box="[850,1023,1902,1923]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="11" pageNumber="160" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="suzukii">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF81FFE4184FF89DFC5F92A8" box="[850,1023,1902,1923]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="160">Cocconeis suzukii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, RVs (Figs 57, 59) and SVs (Figs 58, 60, 61) (Figs 57 and 58, 59 and 60, complete valves) Figs 62, 63.
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF81FFE419DCF861FC58928C" authority=", SV." authorityName="SV." box="[705,1016,1938,1960]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="11" pageNumber="160" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="variety" species="cyclophora" variety="meisteri">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF81FFE419DCF861FCEA928C" box="[705,842,1938,1959]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="160">C. cyclophora</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF81FFE41866F860FC689283" box="[891,968,1939,1960]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="160">meisteri</emphasis>
, SV.
</taxonomicName>
Fig. 64.
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF81FFE41F4DF861FADC928C" authority=", SV." authorityName="SV." box="[1104,1404,1938,1959]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="11" pageNumber="160" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="variety" species="cyclophora" variety="decora">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF81FFE41F4DF861FB79928C" box="[1104,1241,1938,1959]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="160">C. cyclophora</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF81FFE41E17F861FAED928C" box="[1290,1357,1938,1959]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="160">decora</emphasis>
, SV.
</taxonomicName>
Figs 65–68.
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF81FFE41BCDF845FE8992E7" authorityName="Meister" authorityYear="1937" box="[208,297,1974,1996]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="11" pageNumber="160" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="voigtii">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF81FFE41BCDF845FE8992E7" box="[208,297,1974,1996]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="160">C. voigtii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, RVs (Figs 65, 68) and SVs (Figs 66, 67). Scale bar = 10 μm (Figs 57–68).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="58708802FF86FFE31BA0FF6DFB1E942B" blockId="12.[136,1452,158,437]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">
On the other hand, both large and small form of
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF86FFE319D3FF6CFC9C9593" box="[718,828,158,185]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="distans">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF86FFE319D3FF6CFC9C9593" box="[718,828,158,185]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">C. distans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are clearly distinguished by the difference in the density of the striae on the valve and areolae on the stria. Local taxonomic identity and dimensions of the species are adopted from three references,
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF86FFE31A98FF15FD9E942B" author="Sar, E. A. &amp; Romero, O. &amp; Sunesen, I." box="[389,574,230,256]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" pagination="79 - 106" refId="ref18682" refString="Sar, E. A., Romero, O. &amp; Sunesen, I. (2003) Cocconeis Ehrenberg and Psammococconeis Garcia (Bacillariophyta) from the Gulf of San Matias, Patagonia, Argentina. Diatom Research 18: 79 - 106. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0269249 X. 2003.9705575" type="journal article" year="2003">
Sar
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF86FFE31AAFFF14FE4A942B" box="[434,490,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">et al.</emphasis>
(2003)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF86FFE31954FF14FCFA942A" author="De Stefano, M. &amp; Sacchi, U. &amp; Totti, C. &amp; Romero, O. E." box="[585,858,230,257]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" pagination="438 - 449" refId="ref15116" refString="De Stefano, M., Sacchi, U., Totti, C. &amp; Romero, O. E. (2006) Cocconeis distans Gregory and Amphicocconeis debesi (Hustedt) De Stefano comb. nov. (Bacillariophyta), an intricate taxonomical history. Botanica Marina 49: 438 - 449. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / BOT. 2006.055" type="journal article" year="2006">
De Stefano
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF86FFE319D3FF14FCA6942B" box="[718,774,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">et al.</emphasis>
(2006)
</bibRefCitation>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF86FFE31888FF15FB1A942B" author="Riaux-Gobin, C. &amp; Compere, P. &amp; Al-Handal, A. Y." box="[917,1210,230,256]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" pagination="325 - 338" refId="ref17822" refString="Riaux-Gobin, C., Compere, P. &amp; Al-Handal, A. Y. (2011) Species of the Cocconeis peltoides group with a marginal row of unusual processes (Mascarenes and Kerguelen Islands, Indian Ocean). Diatom Research 26: 325 - 338. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0269249 X. 2011.639559" type="journal article" year="2011">
Riaux-Gobin
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF86FFE31F33FF14FBC6942B" box="[1070,1126,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">et al.</emphasis>
(2011)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="58708802FF86FFE31BA0FEF9FE4B949F" blockId="12.[136,1452,158,437]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">
This taxon is reported from the Patagonian coast of
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF86FFE3181BFEF9FCD5940F" box="[774,885,266,292]" name="Argentina" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">Argentina</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF86FFE31898FEF9FB8E940F" author="Sar, E. A. &amp; Romero, O. &amp; Sunesen, I." box="[901,1070,266,292]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" pagination="79 - 106" refId="ref18682" refString="Sar, E. A., Romero, O. &amp; Sunesen, I. (2003) Cocconeis Ehrenberg and Psammococconeis Garcia (Bacillariophyta) from the Gulf of San Matias, Patagonia, Argentina. Diatom Research 18: 79 - 106. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0269249 X. 2003.9705575" type="journal article" year="2003">
Sar
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF86FFE318A9FEF8FC4D940F" box="[948,1005,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">et al.</emphasis>
2003
</bibRefCitation>
) and is distributed throughout the Mediterranean Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF86FFE31A74FEDDFDC89462" author="De Stefano, M. &amp; Sacchi, U. &amp; Totti, C. &amp; Romero, O. E." box="[361,616,302,329]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" pagination="438 - 449" refId="ref15116" refString="De Stefano, M., Sacchi, U., Totti, C. &amp; Romero, O. E. (2006) Cocconeis distans Gregory and Amphicocconeis debesi (Hustedt) De Stefano comb. nov. (Bacillariophyta), an intricate taxonomical history. Botanica Marina 49: 438 - 449. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / BOT. 2006.055" type="journal article" year="2006">
De Stefano
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF86FFE31AF0FEDCFD859463" box="[493,549,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">et al.</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
), and common in coral sediments of Réunion and Rodrigues in the western Indian Ocean (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF86FFE31A31FEA1FDE29447" author="Riaux-Gobin, C. &amp; Compere, P. &amp; Al-Handal, A. Y." box="[300,578,338,364]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" pagination="325 - 338" refId="ref17822" refString="Riaux-Gobin, C., Compere, P. &amp; Al-Handal, A. Y. (2011) Species of the Cocconeis peltoides group with a marginal row of unusual processes (Mascarenes and Kerguelen Islands, Indian Ocean). Diatom Research 26: 325 - 338. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0269249 X. 2011.639559" type="journal article" year="2011">
Riaux-Gobin
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF86FFE31ADAFEA0FE5F9447" box="[455,511,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
). It occurred infrequently as benthic diatoms in sand bottoms and salt marshes along the Seogwipo coast of Jeju Island. Local assemblages of the species can be divided into two categories, short and long, based on 23 μm in length.
</paragraph>
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12.
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<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF80FFE51BAFFF6DFE889593" bold="true" box="[178,296,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">Cocconeis</emphasis>
cf.
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Hustedt
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="C0F49487FF80FFE51954FF6EFD6A9593" box="[585,714,157,184]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–44" captionStartId="7.[136,243,1911,1933]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,190,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-15@7.[151,1436,190,1887]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 25–44. LM micrographs of Cocconeis species (2). Figs 25, 26. Cocconeis cf. diruptoides, RV (Fig. 25) and SV (Fig. 26). Figs 27–32. C. dirupta var. dirupta, SVs (Figs 27–31) and RV (Fig. 32). Figs 33–37. C. dirupta var. flexella, SVs (Figs 34–36) and RVs (Figs 33, 37). Figs 38–41. C. delicata, RVs (Figs 38) and SVs (Figs 39, 40, 41). Figs 42–44. C. convexa, SVs (Figs 42, 43) and RV (Fig. 44). Scale bar = 10 μm (Figs 25–44)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788083/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">Figs 25, 26</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="C0F49487FF80FFE519CAFF6EFCBF959C" box="[727,799,157,183]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 88–93" captionStart-1="FIGURES 94–99" captionStartId-0="19.[136,243,1890,1912]" captionStartId-1="20.[136,243,1810,1832]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1431,190,1866]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,190,1785]" captionTargetId-0="figure-15@19.[151,1436,190,1866]" captionTargetId-1="figure-23@20.[151,1436,190,1785]" captionTargetPageId-0="19" captionTargetPageId-1="20" captionText-0="FIGURES 88–93. SEM micrographs of Cocconeis species (8). Figs 88, 89. C. pseudomarginata var. intermedia, the external view (Fig. 88) and internal view of SVs (Fig. 89). Fig. 90. C. dirupta var. flexella, the external valve of SV. Figs 91–93. C. cf. diruptoides, the external view of SVs (Figs 91, 92), and the internal view of RV (Fig. 93). Scale bars = 5 μm (Figs 88, 89), 2 μm (Figs 90, 92), 1 μm (Fig. 93)." captionText-1="FIGURES 94–99. SEM micrographs of Cocconeis species (9). Fig. 94. Cocconeis cf. diruptoides, the internal view of SV. Fig. 95. C. dirupta var. dirupta, the internal view of SV. Figs 96–98. C. shikinensis, the external view of SV (Figs 97, 98), the internal view of RV (Fig. 96). Fig. 99. C. suzukii, the external view of SV. Scale bars = 1 μm (Figs 94, 98, 99), 2 μm (Figs 95–97)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788107" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788109" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5788107/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5788109/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">91–94</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF80FFE51B95FF1BFE989468" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="58708802FF80FFE51B95FF1BFD8295D6" blockId="10.[136,1452,232,324]" box="[136,546,232,254]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF80FFE51B95FF1BFF5595D5" bold="true" box="[136,245,232,254]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">Basionym:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF80FFE51BE6FF1BFEDE95D6" author="Hustedt, F." box="[251,382,232,254]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" pagination="781 - 880" refId="ref15927" refString="Hustedt, F. (1933) Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Osterreichs und der Schweiz unter Berucksichtigung der ubrigen Lander Europas sowie der angrenzenden Meeresgebiete. In: Rabenhorst, L. (Ed.) Kryptogamen Flora von Deutschland, Osterreich und der Schweiz. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft m. b. h. Leipzig 7 (Teil 2, Lief. 3): 321 - 432, figs 781 - 880." type="journal article" year="1933">Hustedt 1933</bibRefCitation>
, p. 356, fig. 810.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="58708802FF80FFE51B95FEF8FE989468" blockId="10.[136,1452,232,324]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF80FFE51B95FEF8FF5F940A" bold="true" box="[136,255,267,289]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">References:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF80FFE51A1BFEF8FE3E940B" author="Simonsen, R." box="[262,414,267,289]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" pagination="396 - 772" refId="ref18936" refString="Simonsen, R. (1987) Atlas and catalogue of the diatom types of Friedrich Hustedt. Vol. 1. Catalogue, 525 pp. Vol. 2. Atlas, Plates 1 - 395, Vol. 3. Atlas, Plates 396 - 772. [J. Cramer, Berlin]" type="book chapter" year="1987">Simonsen 1987</bibRefCitation>
, p. 133, pl. 219, figs 5–10, 13, 14;
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF80FFE519E8FEF8FBA1940B" author="De Stefano, M. &amp; Marino, D." box="[757,1025,267,289]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" pagination="295 - 306" refId="ref14893" refString="De Stefano, M. &amp; Marino, D. (2001) Comparison of Cocconeis pseudonotata sp. nov. with two closely related species, C. notata and C. diruptoides, from Posidonia oceanica leaves. European Journal of Phycology 36: 295 - 306. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 09670260110001735458" type="journal article" year="2001">De Stefano &amp; Marino 2001</bibRefCitation>
, p. 303, figs 15–27;
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF80FFE51FD7FEF8FAFE940B" author="Car, A. &amp; Witkowski, A. &amp; Dobosz, S. &amp; Burfeind, D. D. &amp; Meinesz, A. &amp; Jasprica, N. &amp; Ruppel, M &amp; Kurzydlowski, K. J. &amp; Plocinski, T." box="[1226,1374,267,289]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" pagination="433 - 448" refId="ref14519" refString="Car, A., Witkowski, A., Dobosz, S., Burfeind, D. D., Meinesz, A., Jasprica, N., Ruppel, M, Kurzydlowski, K. J. &amp; Plocinski, T. (2012) Description of a new marine diatom, Cocconeis caulerpacola sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae), epiphytic on invasive Caulerpa species. European Journal of Phycology 47: 433 - 448. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 09670262.2012.735255" type="journal article" year="2012">
Car
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF80FFE51FE9FEFFFA86940B" box="[1268,1318,267,289]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 445, figs S18–21.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF80FFE51B95FE82FF4B9775" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" type="description">
<paragraph id="58708802FF80FFE51B95FE82FF4B9775" blockId="10.[136,1452,369,1147]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF80FFE51B95FE82FEBC94A0" bold="true" box="[136,284,369,395]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">Description:</emphasis>
Valves oblong-elliptical to elliptical, 9–23 μm long and 5–13 μm wide. SV: sternum narrow and slightly sigmoid. Central area forming with lacking one striae, expanding into a short hyaline fascia on the one side of valve. Transapical striae slightly radiate towards apices,
<quantity id="9F3725E7FF80FFE519AAFE44FCBB94FA" box="[695,795,439,466]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.874" metricValueMax="9.398" metricValueMin="6.35" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" unit="in" value="31.0" valueMax="37.0" valueMin="25.0">25–37 in</quantity>
10 μm, areolae on striae transapically elongated,
<quantity id="9F3725E7FF80FFE51E55FE44FA0C94FA" box="[1352,1452,439,465]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.588" metricValueMax="6.604" metricValueMin="4.572" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" unit="in" value="22.0" valueMax="26.0" valueMin="18.0">18–26 in</quantity>
10 μm, forming wavy longitudinal lines, a few striae bifurcated in the margins of valve. RV: raphe slightly sigmoid, sternum very narrow. Central area as transversely narrow and hyaline fascia, not reaching up to the margins. Transapical striae slightly radiate,
<quantity id="9F3725E7FF80FFE51A9CFDD2FE449710" box="[385,484,545,572]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.001" metricValueMax="8.89" metricValueMin="7.112" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" unit="in" value="31.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="28.0">28–35 in</quantity>
10 μm, with 29–35 areolae in 10 μm of stria. Narrow hyaline area around the margins of valve.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF80FFE51BA0FD9BFEBC9150" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="58708802FF80FFE51BA0FD9BFBD297C4" blockId="10.[136,1452,369,1147]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF80FFE51BA0FD9BFE9497A9" bold="true" box="[189,308,616,642]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">Remarks:</emphasis>
The local specimens match the description of
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF80FFE5187CFD9AFB2397A9" author="De Stefano, M. &amp; Marino, D. &amp; Mazzella, L." box="[865,1155,616,643]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" pagination="225 - 242" refId="ref15005" refString="De Stefano, M., Marino, D. &amp; Mazzella, L. (2000) Marine taxa of Cocconeis on leaves of Posidonia oceanica, including a new species and two new varieties. European Journal of Phycology 35: 225 - 242. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 09670260010001735831" type="journal article" year="2000">
De Stefano
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF80FFE518F3FD9AFB8B97A9" box="[1006,1067,616,642]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">et al.</emphasis>
(2000)
</bibRefCitation>
, based on Hustedt’s
<typeStatus id="877436A0FF80FFE51E66FD9AFA0B97A8" box="[1403,1451,617,643]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">type</typeStatus>
specimen, characterized by the presence of hemifascia on SV and strial dichotomy in the margins. However, since the hemifascia is not found in Hustedt’s illustration and the exact
<typeStatus id="877436A0FF80FFE51873FD42FC3E97E0" box="[878,926,689,715]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">type</typeStatus>
specimens are controversial on the other hand (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF80FFE51B92FD27FE0697C5" author="Riaux-Gobin, C. &amp; Witkowski, A. &amp; Jordan, R. W. &amp; Parravicini, V. &amp; Planes, S." box="[143,422,724,750]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" pagination="115 - 129" refId="ref18375" refString="Riaux-Gobin, C., Witkowski, A., Jordan, R. W., Parravicini, V. &amp; Planes, S. (2018) Cocconeis kurakakea, a new diatom species from Nukutavake (Tuamotu Archipelago, South Pacific): description and comparison with C. diruptoides and C. pseudodiruptoides. Phytotaxa 349: 115 - 129. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 349.2.2" type="journal article" year="2018">
Riaux-Gobin
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF80FFE51A36FD26FEC397C5" box="[299,355,724,750]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
), the local specimens are recorded as
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF80FFE51851FD26FC6197C4" box="[844,961,725,751]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF80FFE51851FD26FC6197C4" box="[844,961,725,751]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">Cocconeis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cf.
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF80FFE518F6FD27FBCB97C5" box="[1003,1131,724,750]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">diruptoides</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="58708802FF80FFE51BA0FD0BFF799655" blockId="10.[136,1452,369,1147]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">
Specimens collected in the current study were often less than 18 μm long; some were as short as 9 μm. The species is similar to
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF80FFE51A09FCEEFDCB961D" box="[276,619,796,823]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="variety" species="dirupta" variety="flexella">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF80FFE51A09FCEEFE41961D" box="[276,481,796,823]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">Cocconeis dirupta</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF80FFE51904FCEFFDCB961D" box="[537,619,796,822]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">flexella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its valve morphology, but the latter is distinguished by a sigmoid raphe and sternum of the valve, a low density of transapical striae (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF80FFE51829FCB3FBCD9671" author="De Stefano, M. &amp; Marino, D." box="[820,1133,832,858]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" pagination="295 - 306" refId="ref14893" refString="De Stefano, M. &amp; Marino, D. (2001) Comparison of Cocconeis pseudonotata sp. nov. with two closely related species, C. notata and C. diruptoides, from Posidonia oceanica leaves. European Journal of Phycology 36: 295 - 306. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 09670260110001735458" type="journal article" year="2001">De Stefano &amp; Marino 2001</bibRefCitation>
), and sparse strial areolae in the SV.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="58708802FF80FFE51BA0FC7AFCCA96C1" blockId="10.[136,1452,369,1147]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">
In the present survey, this is one of the most commonly observed
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF80FFE51881FC7AFBB19688" box="[924,1041,905,931]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF80FFE51881FC7AFBB19688" box="[924,1041,905,931]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">Cocconeis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The valves are very variable in size and range from 9 μm to 23 μm long. In the assemblage, individuals commonly exhibited weakly sigmoidal raphe of valves, but widely differed in the density of striae for both valves.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="58708802FF80FFE51BA0FC07FEBC9150" blockId="10.[136,1452,369,1147]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">
This taxon is distributed in the Mediterranean (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF80FFE519D3FC07FCCA9125" author="Hustedt, F." box="[718,874,1012,1038]" pageId="10" pageNumber="159" pagination="781 - 880" refId="ref15927" refString="Hustedt, F. (1933) Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Osterreichs und der Schweiz unter Berucksichtigung der ubrigen Lander Europas sowie der angrenzenden Meeresgebiete. In: Rabenhorst, L. (Ed.) Kryptogamen Flora von Deutschland, Osterreich und der Schweiz. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft m. b. h. Leipzig 7 (Teil 2, Lief. 3): 321 - 432, figs 781 - 880." type="journal article" year="1933">Hustedt 1933</bibRefCitation>
), has been collected from the northern Adriatic Sea between Rovinj and Vis (De Stefano &amp; Mario 2001), and is widely distributed at temperate and warm coasts (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF80FFE51E59FBEBFF65917D" author="Car, A. &amp; Witkowski, A. &amp; Dobosz, S. &amp; Burfeind, D. D. &amp; Meinesz, A. &amp; Jasprica, N. &amp; Ruppel, M &amp; Kurzydlowski, K. J. &amp; Plocinski, T." pageId="10" pageNumber="159" pagination="433 - 448" refId="ref14519" refString="Car, A., Witkowski, A., Dobosz, S., Burfeind, D. D., Meinesz, A., Jasprica, N., Ruppel, M, Kurzydlowski, K. J. &amp; Plocinski, T. (2012) Description of a new marine diatom, Cocconeis caulerpacola sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae), epiphytic on invasive Caulerpa species. European Journal of Phycology 47: 433 - 448. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 09670262.2012.735255" type="journal article" year="2012">
Car
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF80FFE51E69FBEAFA059119" box="[1396,1445,1048,1074]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">et al</emphasis>
. 2012
</bibRefCitation>
). Along the Seogwipo coast, it was found frequently as epiphytes on seaweeds; it is herein newly described for
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF80FFE51B95FB93FEB89150" box="[136,280,1120,1147]" name="South Korea" pageId="10" pageNumber="159">South Korea</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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139
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11.
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF82FFE71BACFA85FC0290A4" authority="(Janisch &amp; Rabenhorst) Grunow" authorityName="Grunow" baseAuthorityName="Janisch &amp; Rabenhorst" box="[177,930,1397,1424]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="157" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="variety" species="dirupta" variety="flexella">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF82FFE71BACFA85FE2290BB" bold="true" box="[177,386,1397,1424]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">Cocconeis dirupta</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF82FFE71AA0FA86FDB390BB" bold="true" box="[445,531,1397,1424]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">flexella</emphasis>
(Janisch &amp; Rabenhorst) Grunow
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="C0F49487FF82FFE718ADFA86FB9290BB" box="[944,1074,1397,1424]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–44" captionStartId="7.[136,243,1911,1933]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,190,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-15@7.[151,1436,190,1887]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 25–44. LM micrographs of Cocconeis species (2). Figs 25, 26. Cocconeis cf. diruptoides, RV (Fig. 25) and SV (Fig. 26). Figs 27–32. C. dirupta var. dirupta, SVs (Figs 27–31) and RV (Fig. 32). Figs 33–37. C. dirupta var. flexella, SVs (Figs 34–36) and RVs (Figs 33, 37). Figs 38–41. C. delicata, RVs (Figs 38) and SVs (Figs 39, 40, 41). Figs 42–44. C. convexa, SVs (Figs 42, 43) and RV (Fig. 44). Scale bar = 10 μm (Figs 25–44)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788083/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">Figs 33–37</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="C0F49487FF82FFE71F22FA86FBFC90A4" box="[1087,1116,1397,1423]" captionStart="FIGURES 88–93" captionStartId="19.[136,243,1890,1912]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,190,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-15@19.[151,1436,190,1866]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 88–93. SEM micrographs of Cocconeis species (8). Figs 88, 89. C. pseudomarginata var. intermedia, the external view (Fig. 88) and internal view of SVs (Fig. 89). Fig. 90. C. dirupta var. flexella, the external valve of SV. Figs 91–93. C. cf. diruptoides, the external view of SVs (Figs 91, 92), and the internal view of RV (Fig. 93). Scale bars = 5 μm (Figs 88, 89), 2 μm (Figs 90, 92), 1 μm (Fig. 93)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788107/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">90</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF82FFE71B95FA4FFA3A9336" pageId="8" pageNumber="157" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="58708802FF82FFE71B95FA4FFCB890FD" blockId="8.[136,1452,1468,1565]" box="[136,792,1468,1495]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF82FFE71B95FA4FFEA890FD" bold="true" box="[136,264,1468,1494]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">Basionym:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF82FFE71A12FA4FFDE690FD" author="Janisch, C. &amp; Rabenhorst, L." box="[271,582,1468,1494]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref16063" refString="Janisch, C. &amp; Rabenhorst, L. (1863) Ueber Meeres-Diatomaceen von Honduras. In: Beitrage zur naheren Kenntniss und Verbreitung der Algen. Herausgegeben von Dr. L. Rabenhorst. Leipzig, Verlag von Eduard Kummer 1: 1 - 16, pl. 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1863">Janisch &amp; Rabenhorst 1863</bibRefCitation>
, p. 7, pl. 1, fig. 11.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="58708802FF82FFE71B95FA2CFA3A9336" blockId="8.[136,1452,1468,1565]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF82FFE71B95FA2CFEB490D2" bold="true" box="[136,276,1503,1529]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">References:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF82FFE71A01FA2CFE1790D2" author="Hustedt, F." box="[284,439,1503,1529]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157" pagination="781 - 880" refId="ref15927" refString="Hustedt, F. (1933) Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Osterreichs und der Schweiz unter Berucksichtigung der ubrigen Lander Europas sowie der angrenzenden Meeresgebiete. In: Rabenhorst, L. (Ed.) Kryptogamen Flora von Deutschland, Osterreich und der Schweiz. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft m. b. h. Leipzig 7 (Teil 2, Lief. 3): 321 - 432, figs 781 - 880." type="journal article" year="1933">Hustedt 1933</bibRefCitation>
, p. 355, figs 809d–i;
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF82FFE719B6FA2CFC0B90D2" author="Witkowski, A. &amp; Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D." box="[683,939,1503,1529]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157" refId="ref20057" refString="Witkowski, A., Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D. (2000) Diatom flora of marine coasts I. Iconographia Diatomologica Vol. 7. A. R. G. Ganter Verlag K. G., Ruggell. 925 pp." type="book" year="2000">
Witkowski
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF82FFE71830FA13FCC790D2" box="[813,871,1503,1529]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
. p. 105, pl. 39, figs 6, 7, pl. 51, figs 3–8;
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF82FFE71E96FA13FE369336" author="De Stefano, M. &amp; Marino, D." pageId="8" pageNumber="157" pagination="295 - 306" refId="ref14893" refString="De Stefano, M. &amp; Marino, D. (2001) Comparison of Cocconeis pseudonotata sp. nov. with two closely related species, C. notata and C. diruptoides, from Posidonia oceanica leaves. European Journal of Phycology 36: 295 - 306. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 09670260110001735458" type="journal article" year="2001">De Stefano &amp; Marino 2001</bibRefCitation>
, p. 304;
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF82FFE71AEBF9F1FD6C9336" author="Lobban, C. S. &amp; Schefter, M. &amp; Jordan, R. W. &amp; Arai, Y. &amp; Sasaki, A. &amp; Theriot, E. C. &amp; Ashworth, M. &amp; Ruck, E. C. &amp; Pennesi, C." box="[502,716,1538,1565]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157" pagination="237 - 479" refId="ref16791" refString="Lobban, C. S., Schefter, M., Jordan, R. W., Arai, Y., Sasaki, A., Theriot, E. C., Ashworth, M., Ruck, E. C. &amp; Pennesi, C. (2012) Coral-reef diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from Guam: new records and preliminary checklist, with emphasis on epiphytic species from farmer-fish territories. Micronesica 43: 237 - 479." type="journal article" year="2012">
Lobban
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF82FFE7194FF9F0FD2A9337" box="[594,650,1538,1564]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 287, pl. 40, figs 4, 5;
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF82FFE718FEF9F1FB639336" author="Stidolph, S. R. &amp; Sterrenburg, F. A. S. &amp; Smith, K. E. L. &amp; Kraberg, A." box="[995,1219,1538,1565]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157" refId="ref19174" refString="Stidolph, S. R., Sterrenburg, F. A. S., Smith, K. E. L. &amp; Kraberg, A. (2012) Stuart R. Stidolph Diatom atlas. U. S. geological survey open-file report 2012 - 1163. https: // pubs. usgs. gov / of / 2012 / 1163 /" type="url" year="2012">
Stidolph
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF82FFE71F54F9F0FB219337" box="[1097,1153,1538,1564]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 22, figs 25, 30.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF82FFE71B95F9BAFE3B93DB" pageId="8" pageNumber="157" type="description">
<paragraph id="58708802FF82FFE71B95F9BAFE3B93DB" blockId="8.[136,1452,1609,1987]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF82FFE71B95F9BAFEBC9348" bold="true" box="[136,284,1609,1635]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">Description:</emphasis>
Valves broadly elliptical to almost circular, 16–31 μm long and 10–21 μm wide. SV: sternum moderately broad and sigmoid. Central area not developed, or often a short fascia with missing of a stria in either side of valve. Transapical striae radiate towards apices, crossed by hyaline and longitudinal rows,
<quantity id="9F3725E7FF82FFE71F34F97CFB2B9382" box="[1065,1163,1679,1705]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.461" metricValueMax="5.842" metricValueMin="5.08" pageId="8" pageNumber="157" unit="in" value="21.5" valueMax="23.0" valueMin="20.0">20–23 in</quantity>
10 μm. RV: striae slightly sigmoid, sternum very narrow. Central area transversely narrow fascia, not reaching to the margins. Transapical striae radiate,
<quantity id="9F3725E7FF82FFE71BFFF925FEE593DB" box="[226,325,1750,1776]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.207" metricValueMax="5.334" metricValueMin="5.08" pageId="8" pageNumber="157" unit="in" value="20.5" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="20.0">20–21 in</quantity>
10 μm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF82FFE71BA0F90AFDD992E8" pageId="8" pageNumber="157" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="58708802FF82FFE71BA0F90AFDD992E8" blockId="8.[136,1452,1609,1987]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF82FFE71BA0F90AFE949238" bold="true" box="[189,308,1785,1811]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">Remarks:</emphasis>
The collected variants are distinguished from the nominate variety by the sigmoid sternum of SV (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF82FFE71B92F8EFFE8C921D" author="Hustedt, F." box="[143,300,1820,1846]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157" pagination="781 - 880" refId="ref15927" refString="Hustedt, F. (1933) Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Osterreichs und der Schweiz unter Berucksichtigung der ubrigen Lander Europas sowie der angrenzenden Meeresgebiete. In: Rabenhorst, L. (Ed.) Kryptogamen Flora von Deutschland, Osterreich und der Schweiz. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft m. b. h. Leipzig 7 (Teil 2, Lief. 3): 321 - 432, figs 781 - 880." type="journal article" year="1933">Hustedt 1933</bibRefCitation>
). This taxon has been reported from the Mediterranean, some islands of the Pacific and western Indian Oceans (Riaux-Robin
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF82FFE71A97F8B3FE679272" box="[394,455,1855,1881]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">et al.</emphasis>
2011,
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF82FFE71907F8CCFD5D9272" author="Lobban, C. S. &amp; Schefter, M. &amp; Jordan, R. W. &amp; Arai, Y. &amp; Sasaki, A. &amp; Theriot, E. C. &amp; Ashworth, M. &amp; Ruck, E. C. &amp; Pennesi, C." box="[538,765,1855,1881]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157" pagination="237 - 479" refId="ref16791" refString="Lobban, C. S., Schefter, M., Jordan, R. W., Arai, Y., Sasaki, A., Theriot, E. C., Ashworth, M., Ruck, E. C. &amp; Pennesi, C. (2012) Coral-reef diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from Guam: new records and preliminary checklist, with emphasis on epiphytic species from farmer-fish territories. Micronesica 43: 237 - 479." type="journal article" year="2012">
Lobban
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF82FFE71966F8B3FD179272" box="[635,695,1855,1881]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF82FFE71811F8CCFC599272" author="Stidolph, S. R. &amp; Sterrenburg, F. A. S. &amp; Smith, K. E. L. &amp; Kraberg, A." box="[780,1017,1855,1881]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157" refId="ref19174" refString="Stidolph, S. R., Sterrenburg, F. A. S., Smith, K. E. L. &amp; Kraberg, A. (2012) Stuart R. Stidolph Diatom atlas. U. S. geological survey open-file report 2012 - 1163. https: // pubs. usgs. gov / of / 2012 / 1163 /" type="url" year="2012">
Stidolph
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF82FFE7186BF8B3FC129272" box="[886,946,1855,1881]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF82FFE71F0DF8CCFBD09272" box="[1040,1136,1855,1881]" name="Namibia" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">Namibia</collectingCountry>
of western Atlantic Ocean (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF82FFE71B92F891FE2A9256" author="Witkowski, A. &amp; Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D." box="[143,394,1890,1917]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157" refId="ref20057" refString="Witkowski, A., Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D. (2000) Diatom flora of marine coasts I. Iconographia Diatomologica Vol. 7. A. R. G. Ganter Verlag K. G., Ruggell. 925 pp." type="book" year="2000">
Witkowski
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF82FFE71A0CF890FEE89257" box="[273,328,1890,1916]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
), and
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF82FFE71AD6F891FD819257" box="[459,545,1890,1916]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(Siqueiros-Beltrones &amp; Romero 2004). This taxon is distributed in warmer coasts and the Mediterranean. Here, it was frequently encountered as epiphytes on seaweeds and the benthic of the sandy bottom of the Seogwipo coast,
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF82FFE71AF9F85AFDD592E8" box="[484,629,1961,1987]" name="South Korea" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">South Korea</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

190
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10.
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<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF82FFE71BAFFDDAFE239768" bold="true" box="[178,387,552,579]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">Cocconeis dirupta</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF82FFE71AA3FDDBFDB29768" bold="true" box="[446,530,552,579]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">dirupta</emphasis>
Gregory
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="C0F49487FF82FFE71991FDDAFCAE9768" box="[652,782,553,579]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–44" captionStartId="7.[136,243,1911,1933]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,190,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-15@7.[151,1436,190,1887]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 25–44. LM micrographs of Cocconeis species (2). Figs 25, 26. Cocconeis cf. diruptoides, RV (Fig. 25) and SV (Fig. 26). Figs 27–32. C. dirupta var. dirupta, SVs (Figs 27–31) and RV (Fig. 32). Figs 33–37. C. dirupta var. flexella, SVs (Figs 34–36) and RVs (Figs 33, 37). Figs 38–41. C. delicata, RVs (Figs 38) and SVs (Figs 39, 40, 41). Figs 42–44. C. convexa, SVs (Figs 42, 43) and RV (Fig. 44). Scale bar = 10 μm (Figs 25–44)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788083/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">Figs 27–32</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="C0F49487FF82FFE71806FDDAFC989768" box="[795,824,553,579]" captionStart="FIGURES 94–99" captionStartId="20.[136,243,1810,1832]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1785]" captionTargetId="figure-23@20.[151,1436,190,1785]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 94–99. SEM micrographs of Cocconeis species (9). Fig. 94. Cocconeis cf. diruptoides, the internal view of SV. Fig. 95. C. dirupta var. dirupta, the internal view of SV. Figs 96–98. C. shikinensis, the external view of SV (Figs 97, 98), the internal view of RV (Fig. 96). Fig. 99. C. suzukii, the external view of SV. Scale bars = 1 μm (Figs 94, 98, 99), 2 μm (Figs 95–97)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788109" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788109/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">95</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
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</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF82FFE71B95FD80FE4997D9" pageId="8" pageNumber="157" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="58708802FF82FFE71B95FD80FD0397A2" blockId="8.[136,1451,627,755]" box="[136,675,627,649]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF82FFE71B95FD80FF5597A2" bold="true" box="[136,245,627,649]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">Basionym:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF82FFE71BE6FD80FE2397A2" author="Gregory, W." box="[251,387,627,649]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157" pagination="473 - 542" refId="ref15528" refString="Gregory, W. (1857) On new forms of marine Diatomaceae found in the Firth of Clyde and in Loch Fyne, illustrated by numerous figures drawn by K. K. Greville, LL. D., F. R. S. E. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 21: 473 - 542, pls. 9 - 14." type="journal article" year="1857">Gregory 1857</bibRefCitation>
, p. 491(19), pl. IX(1), fig. 25.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="58708802FF82FFE71B95FD65FE4997D9" blockId="8.[136,1451,627,755]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF82FFE71B95FD65FF5F9787" bold="true" box="[136,255,662,684]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">References:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF82FFE71A18FD65FE289780" author="Hustedt, F." box="[261,392,662,684]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157" pagination="781 - 880" refId="ref15927" refString="Hustedt, F. (1933) Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Osterreichs und der Schweiz unter Berucksichtigung der ubrigen Lander Europas sowie der angrenzenden Meeresgebiete. In: Rabenhorst, L. (Ed.) Kryptogamen Flora von Deutschland, Osterreich und der Schweiz. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft m. b. h. Leipzig 7 (Teil 2, Lief. 3): 321 - 432, figs 781 - 880." type="journal article" year="1933">Hustedt 1933</bibRefCitation>
, p. 354, figs 809a–c;
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF82FFE71948FD65FCF99787" author="Kobayasi, H. &amp; Nagumo, T." box="[597,857,662,684]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157" pagination="97 - 103" refId="ref16289" refString="Kobayasi, H. &amp; Nagumo, T. (1985) Observations on the valve structure of marine species of the diatom genus Cocconeis Ehr. Hydrobiologia 127: 97 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00004189" type="journal article" year="1985">Kobayasi &amp; Nagumo 1985</bibRefCitation>
, p. 99, pl. 2. figs 16–27;
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF82FFE71F5AFD65FABD9780" author="Witkowski, A. &amp; Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D." box="[1095,1309,662,684]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157" refId="ref20057" refString="Witkowski, A., Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D. (2000) Diatom flora of marine coasts I. Iconographia Diatomologica Vol. 7. A. R. G. Ganter Verlag K. G., Ruggell. 925 pp." type="book" year="2000">
Witkowski
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF82FFE71FA8FD64FB469780" box="[1205,1254,662,684]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 105, pl. 39, figs 1–5;
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF82FFE71A04FD4AFDA397E5" author="Riaux-Gobin, C. &amp; Compere, P. &amp; Al-Handal, A. Y." box="[281,515,697,719]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157" pagination="325 - 338" refId="ref17822" refString="Riaux-Gobin, C., Compere, P. &amp; Al-Handal, A. Y. (2011) Species of the Cocconeis peltoides group with a marginal row of unusual processes (Mascarenes and Kerguelen Islands, Indian Ocean). Diatom Research 26: 325 - 338. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0269249 X. 2011.639559" type="journal article" year="2011">
Riaux-Gobin
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF82FFE71A81FD49FE6D97E5" box="[412,461,697,719]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 26, pl. 3, figs 9–11, pl. 41, figs 1–6;
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF82FFE71898FD4AFB9D97E5" author="Lobban, C. S. &amp; Schefter, M. &amp; Jordan, R. W. &amp; Arai, Y. &amp; Sasaki, A. &amp; Theriot, E. C. &amp; Ashworth, M. &amp; Ruck, E. C. &amp; Pennesi, C." box="[901,1085,697,719]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157" pagination="237 - 479" refId="ref16791" refString="Lobban, C. S., Schefter, M., Jordan, R. W., Arai, Y., Sasaki, A., Theriot, E. C., Ashworth, M., Ruck, E. C. &amp; Pennesi, C. (2012) Coral-reef diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from Guam: new records and preliminary checklist, with emphasis on epiphytic species from farmer-fish territories. Micronesica 43: 237 - 479." type="journal article" year="2012">
Lobban
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF82FFE718C8FD49FBA697E5" box="[981,1030,697,719]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 286, pl. 40, figs 1–3;
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF82FFE71E33FD4AFE8597D9" author="Riaux-Gobin, C. &amp; Compere, P. &amp; Jordan, R. W. &amp; Coste, M. &amp; Yesilyurt, J. C." pageId="8" pageNumber="157" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref18087" refString="Riaux-Gobin, C., Compere, P., Jordan, R. W., Coste, M. &amp; Yesilyurt, J. C. (2016) Cocconeis molesta Kutz., C. diaphana W. Sm. and C. dirupta W. Greg. (Bacillariophyta): type material, ambiguities and possible synonymies. European Journal of Taxonomy 204: 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2016.204" type="journal article" year="2016">
Riaux-Gobin
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF82FFE71BA0FD2EFF4E97D9" box="[189,238,733,754]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 11, figs 4, 35–38
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF82FFE71B95FCECFD6F96EC" pageId="8" pageNumber="157" type="description">
<paragraph id="58708802FF82FFE71B95FCECFD6F96EC" blockId="8.[136,1452,799,1354]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF82FFE71B95FCECFEBC9612" bold="true" box="[136,284,799,825]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">Description:</emphasis>
Valves broadly elliptical, 9–23 μm long, 5–14 μm wide. SV: sternum narrow to broadly lanceolate, fusiform, sometimes slightly retracted in the middle. Transapical striae radiate, crossed by hyaline and longitudinal rows,
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10 μm, one median stria often shorter on one or both side of the central area. RV: raphe slightly sigmoid. Sternum narrow and straight. Central area not developed or extended as transversely narrrow fascia, not reaching to the margins. Transapical striae radiate,
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10 μm.
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<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF82FFE71BA0FC3CFB459061" pageId="8" pageNumber="157" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="58708802FF82FFE71BA0FC3CFBF39028" blockId="8.[136,1452,799,1354]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF82FFE71BA0FC3CFE9496C2" bold="true" box="[189,308,975,1001]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">Remarks:</emphasis>
The specimens described herein have valve outlines that are more elliptical rather than round-elliptical to discoid, as described for the
<typeStatus id="877436A0FF82FFE71AEDFC01FDF79127" box="[496,599,1010,1036]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
designated by
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF82FFE71818FC01FB919126" author="Riaux-Gobin, C. &amp; Compere, P. &amp; Jordan, R. W. &amp; Coste, M. &amp; Yesilyurt, J. C." box="[773,1073,1010,1037]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref18087" refString="Riaux-Gobin, C., Compere, P., Jordan, R. W., Coste, M. &amp; Yesilyurt, J. C. (2016) Cocconeis molesta Kutz., C. diaphana W. Sm. and C. dirupta W. Greg. (Bacillariophyta): type material, ambiguities and possible synonymies. European Journal of Taxonomy 204: 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2016.204" type="journal article" year="2016">
Riaux-Gobin
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF82FFE718BDFC00FC7A9127" box="[928,986,1010,1036]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">et al.</emphasis>
(2016)
</bibRefCitation>
.
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<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF82FFE71F20FC00FB129127" box="[1085,1202,1010,1037]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">C. dirupta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF82FFE71B95FBE5FE2B911B" box="[136,395,1046,1072]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="157" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="variety" species="dirupta" variety="flexella">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF82FFE71B95FBE5FF5D911B" box="[136,253,1046,1072]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">C. dirupta</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF82FFE71A24FBE5FE2B911B" box="[313,395,1046,1072]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">flexella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the straight axial area in the SV. In the literature,
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF82FFE718E5FBE5FB68911B" box="[1016,1224,1046,1072]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="157" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="dirupta">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF82FFE718E5FBE5FB68911B" box="[1016,1224,1046,1072]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">Cocconeis dirupta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
corresponds to two forms: one having large valves with a wide sternum (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF82FFE719F6FBCAFB83917F" author="Kobayasi, H. &amp; Nagumo, T." box="[747,1059,1081,1108]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157" pagination="97 - 103" refId="ref16289" refString="Kobayasi, H. &amp; Nagumo, T. (1985) Observations on the valve structure of marine species of the diatom genus Cocconeis Ehr. Hydrobiologia 127: 97 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00004189" type="journal article" year="1985">Kobayasi &amp; Nagumo 1985</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF82FFE71F2DFBCAFAE8917F" author="Riaux-Gobin, C. &amp; Compere, P. &amp; Jordan, R. W. &amp; Coste, M. &amp; Yesilyurt, J. C." box="[1072,1352,1081,1108]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref18087" refString="Riaux-Gobin, C., Compere, P., Jordan, R. W., Coste, M. &amp; Yesilyurt, J. C. (2016) Cocconeis molesta Kutz., C. diaphana W. Sm. and C. dirupta W. Greg. (Bacillariophyta): type material, ambiguities and possible synonymies. European Journal of Taxonomy 204: 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2016.204" type="journal article" year="2016">
Riaux-Gobin
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF82FFE71FD6FBC9FAA59178" box="[1227,1285,1081,1107]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
) and the other having valves with a strong retraction in the middle of the sternum (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF82FFE718DDFBAFFB1D915D" author="Witkowski, A. &amp; Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D." box="[960,1213,1116,1142]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157" refId="ref20057" refString="Witkowski, A., Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D. (2000) Diatom flora of marine coasts I. Iconographia Diatomologica Vol. 7. A. R. G. Ganter Verlag K. G., Ruggell. 925 pp." type="book" year="2000">
Witkowski
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF82FFE71F5EFBAEFBDB915D" box="[1091,1147,1116,1142]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF82FFE71FD5FBAFFA00915D" author="Lobban, C. S. &amp; Schefter, M. &amp; Jordan, R. W. &amp; Arai, Y. &amp; Sasaki, A. &amp; Theriot, E. C. &amp; Ashworth, M. &amp; Ruck, E. C. &amp; Pennesi, C." box="[1224,1440,1116,1142]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157" pagination="237 - 479" refId="ref16791" refString="Lobban, C. S., Schefter, M., Jordan, R. W., Arai, Y., Sasaki, A., Theriot, E. C., Ashworth, M., Ruck, E. C. &amp; Pennesi, C. (2012) Coral-reef diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from Guam: new records and preliminary checklist, with emphasis on epiphytic species from farmer-fish territories. Micronesica 43: 237 - 479." type="journal article" year="2012">
Lobban
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF82FFE71E39FBAEFAFC915D" box="[1316,1372,1116,1142]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
). This species has a wide range in length and width dimensions, and both forms were found in the present study. The identifications were conducted according to the large forms designated by
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF82FFE718F5FB51FB359196" author="Hustedt, F." box="[1000,1173,1186,1213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157" pagination="781 - 880" refId="ref15927" refString="Hustedt, F. (1933) Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Osterreichs und der Schweiz unter Berucksichtigung der ubrigen Lander Europas sowie der angrenzenden Meeresgebiete. In: Rabenhorst, L. (Ed.) Kryptogamen Flora von Deutschland, Osterreich und der Schweiz. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft m. b. h. Leipzig 7 (Teil 2, Lief. 3): 321 - 432, figs 781 - 880." type="journal article" year="1933">Hustedt (1933)</bibRefCitation>
, and the small retracted forms by
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF82FFE71BEBFB35FE4491CB" author="Lobban, C. S. &amp; Schefter, M. &amp; Jordan, R. W. &amp; Arai, Y. &amp; Sasaki, A. &amp; Theriot, E. C. &amp; Ashworth, M. &amp; Ruck, E. C. &amp; Pennesi, C." box="[246,484,1222,1248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157" pagination="237 - 479" refId="ref16791" refString="Lobban, C. S., Schefter, M., Jordan, R. W., Arai, Y., Sasaki, A., Theriot, E. C., Ashworth, M., Ruck, E. C. &amp; Pennesi, C. (2012) Coral-reef diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from Guam: new records and preliminary checklist, with emphasis on epiphytic species from farmer-fish territories. Micronesica 43: 237 - 479." type="journal article" year="2012">
Lobban
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF82FFE71A49FB34FE2E91CB" box="[340,398,1222,1248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">et al.</emphasis>
(2012)
</bibRefCitation>
. The retracted forms collected in local areas have smaller dimensions, 9–17 μm long and 5–9 μm wide. In the smaller forms, transapical striae are abruptly denser at apices.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="58708802FF82FFE71B95FAFFFB459061" blockId="8.[136,1452,799,1354]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">
This taxon was reportedly common along oceanic coasts (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF82FFE71810FAFFFBAA900D" author="Witkowski, A. &amp; Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D." box="[781,1034,1292,1318]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157" refId="ref20057" refString="Witkowski, A., Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D. (2000) Diatom flora of marine coasts I. Iconographia Diatomologica Vol. 7. A. R. G. Ganter Verlag K. G., Ruggell. 925 pp." type="book" year="2000">
Witkowski
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF82FFE7188DFAFEFC68900D" box="[912,968,1292,1318]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
), and in tropical coasts (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF82FFE71E0AFAFFFEA19062" author="Riaux-Gobin, C. &amp; Compere, P. &amp; Al-Handal, A. Y." pageId="8" pageNumber="157" pagination="325 - 338" refId="ref17822" refString="Riaux-Gobin, C., Compere, P. &amp; Al-Handal, A. Y. (2011) Species of the Cocconeis peltoides group with a marginal row of unusual processes (Mascarenes and Kerguelen Islands, Indian Ocean). Diatom Research 26: 325 - 338. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0269249 X. 2011.639559" type="journal article" year="2011">
Riaux-Gobin
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF82FFE71B95FAC3FF609062" box="[136,192,1327,1353]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF82FFE71A11FADCFE459062" author="Lobban, C. S. &amp; Schefter, M. &amp; Jordan, R. W. &amp; Arai, Y. &amp; Sasaki, A. &amp; Theriot, E. C. &amp; Ashworth, M. &amp; Ruck, E. C. &amp; Pennesi, C." box="[268,485,1327,1353]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157" pagination="237 - 479" refId="ref16791" refString="Lobban, C. S., Schefter, M., Jordan, R. W., Arai, Y., Sasaki, A., Theriot, E. C., Ashworth, M., Ruck, E. C. &amp; Pennesi, C. (2012) Coral-reef diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from Guam: new records and preliminary checklist, with emphasis on epiphytic species from farmer-fish territories. Micronesica 43: 237 - 479." type="journal article" year="2012">
Lobban
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF82FFE71A74FAC3FE019062" box="[361,417,1327,1353]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
). Here, frequent on seaweeds of the Seogwipo coast of
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF82FFE71F4CFADCFB419061" box="[1105,1249,1327,1354]" name="South Korea" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">South Korea</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
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<treatment id="D0663914FF86FFE21B95F8C9FDC5976E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788123" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191683116" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5788123" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D0663914FF86FFE21B95F8C9FDC5976E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D0663914FF86FFE21B95F8C9FDC5976E" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="162" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">
<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF86FFE31B95F8C9FD2B927F" box="[136,651,1850,1877]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="58708802FF86FFE31B95F8C9FD2B927F" blockId="12.[136,651,1850,1877]" box="[136,651,1850,1877]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">
<heading id="03383F6EFF86FFE31B95F8C9FD2B927F" bold="true" box="[136,651,1850,1877]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" reason="1">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF86FFE31B95F8C9FD2B927F" bold="true" box="[136,651,1850,1877]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">
16.
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF86FFE31BAFF8C9FE53927F" authority="A. Schmidt" authorityName="A. Schmidt" box="[178,499,1850,1877]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="pelta">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF86FFE31BAFF8C9FEC7927E" bold="true" box="[178,359,1850,1877]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">Cocconeis pelta</emphasis>
A. Schmidt
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="C0F49487FF86FFE3191CF8C9FD23927F" box="[513,643,1850,1876]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–24" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1880,1902]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-23@4.[151,1436,190,1855]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3–24. LM micrographs of Cocconeis species (1). Figs 3–5. Cocconeis stauroneiformis, RV (Fig. 3) and SVs (Figs 4, 5). Figs 6–8. C. costata, SVs (Figs 6, 7) and RV (Fig. 8). Figs 9–11. C. capensis, SVs. Figs 12–19. C. distans, SVs (Figs 12, 15, 17–19) and RVs (Figs 13, 14, 16) (Figs 14 and 15, 16 and 17, complete valve). Figs 20, 21. C. pelta, SV (Fig. 20) and RV (Fig. 21). Fig. 22. C. cf. pinnata, SV. Figs 23, 24. C. clandestina, SVs. Scale bar = 10 μm (Figs 3–24)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788081/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">Figs 20, 21</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF86FFE31B95F875FABA9294" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="58708802FF86FFE31B95F875FDE592B0" blockId="12.[136,1306,1926,1984]" box="[136,581,1926,1948]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF86FFE31B95F875FF5592B7" bold="true" box="[136,245,1926,1948]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">Basionym:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF86FFE31BE6F875FE2392B0" author="Schmidt, A." box="[251,387,1926,1948]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" pagination="81 - 95" refId="ref18795" refString="Schmidt, A. (1874) Die in den Grundproben der Nordseefahrt vom 21 Juli bis 9 Sept 1872 enthaltenen Diatomaceen. Erste Folge. Jahresbericht der Kommission zur Untersuchung der Deutsch Meer. Kiel. 2: 81 - 95, 3 pls." type="journal article" year="1874">Schmidt 1874</bibRefCitation>
, p. 93, pl. 3, fig. 17.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="58708802FF86FFE31B95F859FABA9294" blockId="12.[136,1306,1926,1984]" box="[136,1306,1962,1984]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF86FFE31B95F859FF5F92EB" bold="true" box="[136,255,1962,1984]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">References:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF86FFE31A1BF859FE289294" author="Hustedt, F." box="[262,392,1962,1984]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" pagination="781 - 880" refId="ref15927" refString="Hustedt, F. (1933) Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Osterreichs und der Schweiz unter Berucksichtigung der ubrigen Lander Europas sowie der angrenzenden Meeresgebiete. In: Rabenhorst, L. (Ed.) Kryptogamen Flora von Deutschland, Osterreich und der Schweiz. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft m. b. h. Leipzig 7 (Teil 2, Lief. 3): 321 - 432, figs 781 - 880." type="journal article" year="1933">Hustedt 1933</bibRefCitation>
, p. 361, fig. 815;
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF86FFE3192CF859FCA79294" author="Witkowski, A. &amp; Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D." box="[561,775,1962,1984]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" refId="ref20057" refString="Witkowski, A., Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D. (2000) Diatom flora of marine coasts I. Iconographia Diatomologica Vol. 7. A. R. G. Ganter Verlag K. G., Ruggell. 925 pp." type="book" year="2000">
Witkowski
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF86FFE31982F858FD709294" box="[671,720,1962,1984]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 111, pl. 41, figs 7–10;
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF86FFE31F1CF859FB2F9294" author="Sar, E. A. &amp; Romero, O. &amp; Sunesen, I." box="[1025,1167,1962,1984]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" pagination="79 - 106" refId="ref18682" refString="Sar, E. A., Romero, O. &amp; Sunesen, I. (2003) Cocconeis Ehrenberg and Psammococconeis Garcia (Bacillariophyta) from the Gulf of San Matias, Patagonia, Argentina. Diatom Research 18: 79 - 106. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0269249 X. 2003.9705575" type="journal article" year="2003">
Sar
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF86FFE31F3AF858FBF89294" box="[1063,1112,1962,1984]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">et al.</emphasis>
2003
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 91, fig. 33.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF86FFE21B95F81DFC0D95F7" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="162" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" type="description">
<paragraph id="58708802FF86FFE21B95F81DFC0D95F7" blockId="12.[136,1452,2030,2093]" lastBlockId="13.[136,1452,158,581]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="162" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF86FFE31B95F81DFEBC9D23" bold="true" box="[136,284,2030,2056]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">Description:</emphasis>
Valves elliptical, 15–16 μm long, 11–12 μm wide. SV: sternum slightly very broadly lanceolate to elliptical, depressed making a distinct marginal rim, irregularly punctate. Central area not developed. Transapical striae developed in the margins, radiate towards the apices,
<quantity id="9F3725E7FF87FFE219F4FF6DFCED9593" box="[745,845,158,184]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.445" metricValueMax="4.572" metricValueMin="4.318" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" unit="in" value="17.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="17.0">17–18 in</quantity>
10 μm. RV: raphe straight, sternum broadly elliptical like the SV. Transapical striae in the margins radiate towards the apices.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF87FFE21BA0FF15FDC5976E" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="58708802FF87FFE21BA0FF15FB31949F" blockId="13.[136,1452,158,581]" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF87FFE21BA0FF15FE94942B" bold="true" box="[189,308,230,256]" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">Remarks:</emphasis>
The local specimens are smaller than the dimensions reported in referred literatures. Though the fine morphology of the three taxa seen with SEM differs,
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF87FFE2183CFEF8FC77940F" box="[801,983,266,293]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="pelta">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF87FFE2183CFEF8FC77940F" box="[801,983,266,293]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">Cocconeis pelta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF87FFE21F6DFEF8FAF8940F" authority="Hustedt" authorityName="Hustedt" box="[1136,1368,266,293]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="peltoides">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF87FFE21F6DFEF8FB58940F" box="[1136,1272,266,293]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">C. peltoides</emphasis>
Hustedt
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF87FFE21E8FFEF8FDC09463" authority="H. Peragallo &amp; M. Peragallo" authorityName="H. Peragallo &amp; M. Peragallo" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="fluminensis">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF87FFE21E8FFEF8FEA89463" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">C. fluminensis</emphasis>
H. Peragallo &amp; M. Peragallo
</taxonomicName>
in the morphology of SV under LM. Commonly, the three species have longitudinal costae in the median area of the SV, but the first species is distinguished from the second and the third taxon in that there is no striae in the inside of the longitudinal costae (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF87FFE21883FE85FBEA94BB" author="Sar, E. A. &amp; Romero, O. &amp; Sunesen, I." box="[926,1098,374,400]" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" pagination="79 - 106" refId="ref18682" refString="Sar, E. A., Romero, O. &amp; Sunesen, I. (2003) Cocconeis Ehrenberg and Psammococconeis Garcia (Bacillariophyta) from the Gulf of San Matias, Patagonia, Argentina. Diatom Research 18: 79 - 106. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0269249 X. 2003.9705575" type="journal article" year="2003">
Sar
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF87FFE218D1FE84FBA594BB" box="[972,1029,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">et al.</emphasis>
2003
</bibRefCitation>
). The first species has a similar stria density with the second, while it is distinguished from the higher density than the third.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="58708802FF87FFE21BA0FE4DFDC5976E" blockId="13.[136,1452,158,581]" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">
This species has been reported from the western Baltic Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF87FFE21847FE4DFBF694F3" author="Witkowski, A. &amp; Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D." box="[858,1110,446,472]" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" refId="ref20057" refString="Witkowski, A., Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D. (2000) Diatom flora of marine coasts I. Iconographia Diatomologica Vol. 7. A. R. G. Ganter Verlag K. G., Ruggell. 925 pp." type="book" year="2000">
Witkowski
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF87FFE218C1FE4CFBB494F3" box="[988,1044,446,472]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
), European coasts in the North Atlantic and the Patagonian coasts of
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF87FFE21937FE11FD3994D7" box="[554,665,482,508]" name="Argentina" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">Argentina</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF87FFE219B5FE11FCF094D7" author="Sar, E. A. &amp; Romero, O. &amp; Sunesen, I." box="[680,848,482,508]" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" pagination="79 - 106" refId="ref18682" refString="Sar, E. A., Romero, O. &amp; Sunesen, I. (2003) Cocconeis Ehrenberg and Psammococconeis Garcia (Bacillariophyta) from the Gulf of San Matias, Patagonia, Argentina. Diatom Research 18: 79 - 106. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0269249 X. 2003.9705575" type="journal article" year="2003">
Sar
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF87FFE219C8FE10FCAD94D7" box="[725,781,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">et al.</emphasis>
2003
</bibRefCitation>
). In
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF87FFE21862FE11FBAE94D6" box="[895,1038,482,509]" name="South Korea" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">South Korea</collectingCountry>
, this taxon was reported firstly as the epipsammic from the Nakdong River estuary (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF87FFE2198EFDF5FD5F970B" author="Joh, G." box="[659,767,518,544]" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" refId="ref16117" refString="Joh, G. (2012) Freshwater diatoms V: Achnanthaceae. In: Algal flora of Korea. Vol. 3, No. 7. National Institute of Biological Resources, Ministry of Environment, Korea. 134 pp." type="book" year="2012">Joh 2012</bibRefCitation>
), and in this survey, very rare in small rock pools (St. 2) and salt marshes (St. 4) of the Seogwipo coast.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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155
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<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF86FFE31B95FB7DFD3C9183" bold="true" box="[136,668,1166,1193]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">
15.
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<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF86FFE31BAFFB7DFE399182" bold="true" box="[178,409,1166,1193]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">Cocconeis pellucida</emphasis>
Grunow
</taxonomicName>
(
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)
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</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF86FFE31B95FB29FEB2901C" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="58708802FF86FFE31B95FB29FDC291C4" blockId="12.[136,1451,1242,1336]" box="[136,610,1242,1264]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF86FFE31B95FB29FF5591DB" bold="true" box="[136,245,1242,1264]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">Basionym:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF86FFE31BE6FB29FE0191DB" author="Rabenhorst, L." box="[251,417,1242,1264]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" refId="ref17602" refString="Rabenhorst, L. (1863) Beitrage zur naheren Kenntnis und Verbreitung der Algen. Part I. Leipzig. 1863. 30 pp., 7 pls." type="book" year="1863">Rabenhorst 1863</bibRefCitation>
, p. 21, pl. 6, fig. 11.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="58708802FF86FFE31B95FB0DFEB2901C" blockId="12.[136,1451,1242,1336]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF86FFE31B95FB0DFF5F903F" bold="true" box="[136,255,1278,1300]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">References:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF86FFE31A1AFB0DFE2A9038" author="Hustedt, F." box="[263,394,1278,1300]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" pagination="781 - 880" refId="ref15927" refString="Hustedt, F. (1933) Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Osterreichs und der Schweiz unter Berucksichtigung der ubrigen Lander Europas sowie der angrenzenden Meeresgebiete. In: Rabenhorst, L. (Ed.) Kryptogamen Flora von Deutschland, Osterreich und der Schweiz. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft m. b. h. Leipzig 7 (Teil 2, Lief. 3): 321 - 432, figs 781 - 880." type="journal article" year="1933">Hustedt 1933</bibRefCitation>
, p. 357, fig. 812;
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF86FFE31925FB0DFC9F903F" author="Kobayasi, H. &amp; Nagumo, T." box="[568,831,1278,1300]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" pagination="97 - 103" refId="ref16289" refString="Kobayasi, H. &amp; Nagumo, T. (1985) Observations on the valve structure of marine species of the diatom genus Cocconeis Ehr. Hydrobiologia 127: 97 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00004189" type="journal article" year="1985">Kobayasi &amp; Nagumo 1985</bibRefCitation>
, p. 102, pl. 3, figs 28–40;
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF86FFE31F5CFB0DFABA9038" author="Witkowski, A. &amp; Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D." box="[1089,1306,1278,1300]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" refId="ref20057" refString="Witkowski, A., Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D. (2000) Diatom flora of marine coasts I. Iconographia Diatomologica Vol. 7. A. R. G. Ganter Verlag K. G., Ruggell. 925 pp." type="book" year="2000">
Witkowski
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF86FFE31FACFB0CFB429038" box="[1201,1250,1278,1300]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 111, pl. 34, figs 1–3.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF86FFE31B95FA95FBC6931E" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" type="description">
<paragraph id="58708802FF86FFE31B95FA95FBC6931E" blockId="12.[136,1452,1382,1805]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF86FFE31B95FA95FEBC90AB" bold="true" box="[136,284,1382,1408]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">Description:</emphasis>
Valves broadly elliptical to almost orbicular, 47–104 μm long, 40–95 μm wide. SV: sternum broadly linear and widened in the middle. Central area not developed. Transapical striae radiate towards the apices,
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10 μm, but regularly interrupted by several longitudinal hyaline lines appearing to
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longitudinal folds, areolae in a stria transapically elongated. RV: both raphe and sternum slightly sigmoid, sternum narrow, the terminal ends of sternum expanded to crescent hyaline area and distant from the apices. Central area small and rhombic. Valves between the raphe and the margins slightly depressed. Transapical striae radiate,
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10 μm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF86FFE31BA0F9CDFAC29226" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="58708802FF86FFE31BA0F9CDFAC29226" blockId="12.[136,1452,1382,1805]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF86FFE31BA0F9CDFE949373" bold="true" box="[189,308,1598,1624]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">Remarks:</emphasis>
This species is common in warmer oceans and in the Mediterranean, and has rarely been reported from Europe (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF86FFE31BFAF991FE239357" author="Hustedt, F." box="[231,387,1634,1660]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" pagination="781 - 880" refId="ref15927" refString="Hustedt, F. (1933) Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Osterreichs und der Schweiz unter Berucksichtigung der ubrigen Lander Europas sowie der angrenzenden Meeresgebiete. In: Rabenhorst, L. (Ed.) Kryptogamen Flora von Deutschland, Osterreich und der Schweiz. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft m. b. h. Leipzig 7 (Teil 2, Lief. 3): 321 - 432, figs 781 - 880." type="journal article" year="1933">Hustedt 1933</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF86FFE31A90F991FD2A9357" author="Witkowski, A. &amp; Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D." box="[397,650,1634,1660]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" refId="ref20057" refString="Witkowski, A., Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D. (2000) Diatom flora of marine coasts I. Iconographia Diatomologica Vol. 7. A. R. G. Ganter Verlag K. G., Ruggell. 925 pp." type="book" year="2000">
Witkowski
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF86FFE31913F990FDE69357" box="[526,582,1634,1660]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
). It occurred in the coasts of
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF86FFE318D3F990FBAE9356" box="[974,1038,1635,1661]" name="Japan" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF86FFE31F01F991FB129357" author="Takano, H." box="[1052,1202,1634,1660]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" pagination="29 - 33" refId="ref19713" refString="Takano, H. (1962) Notes on epiphytic diatoms upon sea-weeds from Japan. Journal of the Oceanographic Society of Japan 18: 29 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.5928 / kaiyou 1942.18.29" type="journal article" year="1962">Takano 1962</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF86FFE31FA0F991FF63938A" author="Kobayasi, H. &amp; Nagumo, T." pageId="12" pageNumber="161" pagination="97 - 103" refId="ref16289" refString="Kobayasi, H. &amp; Nagumo, T. (1985) Observations on the valve structure of marine species of the diatom genus Cocconeis Ehr. Hydrobiologia 127: 97 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00004189" type="journal article" year="1985">Kobayasi &amp; Nagumo 1985</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF86FFE31BC4F975FEC9938B" box="[217,361,1670,1696]" name="South Africa" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF86FFE31A65F975FDA7938B" author="Giffen, M. H." box="[376,519,1670,1696]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" pagination="81 - 87" refId="ref15378" refString="Giffen, M. H. (1970) New and interesting marine and littoral diatoms from Sea Point, near Cape Town, South Africa. Botanica Marina 13: 81 - 87. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / botm. 1970.13.2.81" type="journal article" year="1970">Giffen 1970</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF86FFE31901F975FDC0938B" box="[540,608,1670,1696]" name="Brazil" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF86FFE3196DF975FCC9938A" author="Procopiak, L. K. &amp; Fernandes, L. F. &amp; Moreira-Filho, H." box="[624,873,1670,1697]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref17536" refString="Procopiak, L. K., Fernandes, L. F. &amp; Moreira-Filho, H. (2006) Marine and estuarine diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from Parana, southern Brazil: check-list with emphasis on harmful species. Biota Neotropica 6: 1 - 28. [in Portuguese] https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032006000300013" type="journal article" year="2006">
Procopiak
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF86FFE319F6F974FC85938B" box="[747,805,1670,1696]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">et al.</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
), the
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF86FFE318B5F974FBEA938B" box="[936,1098,1670,1697]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">New Hebrides</collectingCountry>
(now
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF86FFE31F89F974FB52938A" box="[1172,1266,1671,1697]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF86FFE31E14F975FF6493EF" author="Stidolph, S. R. &amp; Sterrenburg, F. A. S. &amp; Smith, K. E. L. &amp; Kraberg, A." pageId="12" pageNumber="161" refId="ref19174" refString="Stidolph, S. R., Sterrenburg, F. A. S., Smith, K. E. L. &amp; Kraberg, A. (2012) Stuart R. Stidolph Diatom atlas. U. S. geological survey open-file report 2012 - 1163. https: // pubs. usgs. gov / of / 2012 / 1163 /" type="url" year="2012">
Stidolph
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF86FFE31E6FF974FA0C938B" box="[1394,1452,1670,1696]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
), and
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF86FFE31A16F959FEC193EF" box="[267,353,1706,1732]" name="Mexico" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF86FFE31A6DF959FCF593EE" author="Lopez-Fuerte, F. O. &amp; Siqueiros-Beltrones, D. A." box="[368,853,1706,1733]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" pagination="201 - 258" refId="ref16876" refString="Lopez-Fuerte, F. O. &amp; Siqueiros-Beltrones, D. A. (2016) A checklist of marine benthic diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from Mexico. Phytotaxa 283: 201 - 258. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 283.3.1" type="journal article" year="2016">López-Fuerte &amp; Siqueiros-Beltrones 2016</bibRefCitation>
). In
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF86FFE31894F959FBBA93EE" box="[905,1050,1706,1733]" name="South Korea" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">South Korea</collectingCountry>
, this taxon was reported as pelagic planktons from
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF86FFE31A25F93CFEDC93C2" box="[312,380,1743,1769]" name="South Korea" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">Korea</collectingCountry>
Strait (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF86FFE31AD0F93DFD2A93C3" author="Skvortzow, B. W." box="[461,650,1742,1768]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" pagination="95 - 122" refId="ref19144" refString="Skvortzow, B. W. (1932) Pelagic diatoms of Korea Strait of the Sea of Japan. Philippine Journal of Science 46: 95 - 122." type="journal article" year="1932">Skvortzow 1932</bibRefCitation>
), as plankton and periphytes off the coast of
<collectingRegion id="9A0B46E0FF86FFE31F65F93DFB0593C3" box="[1144,1189,1742,1768]" country="South Korea" name="Jeju" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">Jeju</collectingRegion>
Island (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF86FFE31FE0F93DFA0793C3" author="Lee, J. B. &amp; Go, Y. B. &amp; Choa, J. H." box="[1277,1447,1742,1768]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" pagination="159 - 171" refId="ref16524" refString="Lee, J. B., Go, Y. B. &amp; Choa, J. H. (1990) The structure and dynamics of phytoplankton communities around the coastline of Cheju Island, Korea. Korean Journal of Phycology 5: 159 - 171. [in Korean]" type="journal article" year="1990">
Lee
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF86FFE31E32F93CFAC693C3" box="[1327,1382,1742,1768]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">et al.</emphasis>
1990
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF86FFE31B95F901FF639227" author="Lee, J. B. &amp; Choa, C. &amp; Kim, I. S." box="[136,195,1778,1804]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" pagination="61 - 72" refId="ref16464" refString="Lee, J. B., Choa, C. H &amp; Kim, I. S. (1991) Distribution and species composition of periphytic diatom around the coast of Cheju Island. Bulletin of Marine Research, Institute of Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea 15: 61 - 72. [in Korean]" type="journal article" year="1991">1991</bibRefCitation>
), and in this survey, occurred rarely as epiphytes on seaweeds collected from St.
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the Seogwipo coast.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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143
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14.
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<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF86FFE31BAFFE11FE0894D6" bold="true" box="[178,424,482,509]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">Cocconeis heteroidea</emphasis>
Hantzsch
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(
<figureCitation id="C0F49487FF86FFE31933FE11FD1094D7" box="[558,688,482,508]" captionStart="FIGURES 77–83" captionStartId="15.[136,243,1910,1932]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,190,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-15@15.[151,1436,190,1886]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 77–83. LM micrographs of Cocconeis species (6). Figs 77, 78. Cocconeis heteroidea, RV (Fig. 77) and SV (Fig. 78). Figs 79–83. C. cf. callosa, RVs (Figs 79, 82) and SVs (Figs 80, 81, 83). Scale bar = 10 μm (Figs 77–83)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788099" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788099/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">Figs 77, 78</figureCitation>
)
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<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF86FFE31B95FDDDFF4897A0" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="58708802FF86FFE31B95FDDDFDD99768" blockId="12.[136,1451,558,651]" box="[136,633,558,580]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF86FFE31B95FDDDFF55976F" bold="true" box="[136,245,558,580]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">Basionym:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF86FFE31BE6FDDDFE01976F" author="Rabenhorst, L." box="[251,417,558,580]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" refId="ref17602" refString="Rabenhorst, L. (1863) Beitrage zur naheren Kenntnis und Verbreitung der Algen. Part I. Leipzig. 1863. 30 pp., 7 pls." type="book" year="1863">Rabenhorst 1863</bibRefCitation>
, p. 21, pl. 6 A, fig. 10.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="58708802FF86FFE31B95FDA1FF4897A0" blockId="12.[136,1451,558,651]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF86FFE31B95FDA1FF5F9743" bold="true" box="[136,255,594,616]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">References:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF86FFE31A18FDA1FE28974C" author="Hustedt, F." box="[261,392,594,616]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" pagination="781 - 880" refId="ref15927" refString="Hustedt, F. (1933) Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Osterreichs und der Schweiz unter Berucksichtigung der ubrigen Lander Europas sowie der angrenzenden Meeresgebiete. In: Rabenhorst, L. (Ed.) Kryptogamen Flora von Deutschland, Osterreich und der Schweiz. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft m. b. h. Leipzig 7 (Teil 2, Lief. 3): 321 - 432, figs 781 - 880." type="journal article" year="1933">Hustedt 1933</bibRefCitation>
, p. 256, fig. 811;
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF86FFE31932FDA1FD4A974C" author="Suzuki, H. &amp; Nagumo, T. &amp; Tanaka, J." box="[559,746,594,616]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" pagination="129 - 136" refId="ref19438" refString="Suzuki, H., Nagumo, T. &amp; Tanaka, J. (2001 a) Morphology of the marine epiphytic diatom Cocconeis heteroidea (Bacillariophyceae). Phycological Research 49: 129 - 136. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1440 - 1835.2001.00233. x" type="journal article" year="2001">
Suzuki
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF86FFE31965FDA0FD08974C" box="[632,680,594,616]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">et al.</emphasis>
2001a
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 131, figs 1–28;
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF86FFE318BCFDA1FBF8974C" author="Lobban, C. S. &amp; Schefter, M. &amp; Jordan, R. W. &amp; Arai, Y. &amp; Sasaki, A. &amp; Theriot, E. C. &amp; Ashworth, M. &amp; Ruck, E. C. &amp; Pennesi, C." box="[929,1112,594,616]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" pagination="237 - 479" refId="ref16791" refString="Lobban, C. S., Schefter, M., Jordan, R. W., Arai, Y., Sasaki, A., Theriot, E. C., Ashworth, M., Ruck, E. C. &amp; Pennesi, C. (2012) Coral-reef diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from Guam: new records and preliminary checklist, with emphasis on epiphytic species from farmer-fish territories. Micronesica 43: 237 - 479." type="journal article" year="2012">
Lobban
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF86FFE318ECFDA0FB81974C" box="[1009,1057,594,616]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 287, pl. 40, figs 6, 7, pl. 41, figs 1–3.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF86FFE31B95FD49FBDC96A2" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" type="description">
<paragraph id="58708802FF86FFE31B95FD49FBDC96A2" blockId="12.[136,1452,698,1121]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF86FFE31B95FD49FEBC97FF" bold="true" box="[136,284,698,724]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">Description:</emphasis>
Valves broadly elliptical to almost circular, 36–55 μm long, 30–47 μm wide. SV: sternum broadly linear in outline, but distinctly sigmoid. Transapical striae radiate towards the apices, 30, interrupted by a broad longitudinal furrow, and four longitudinal hyaline lines between sternum and the margins, appearing like some longitudinal folds, areolae in a stria transapically elongated. RV: raphe strongly sigmoid, and sternum narrow. Central area small and circular. Valve deeply buried to apical direction between the raphe and the margins, the apical central parts looking prominent in the sigmoid ridge. Transapical striae radiate towards the apices,
<quantity id="9F3725E7FF86FFE318F0FC9DFB8696A3" box="[1005,1062,878,904]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.842" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" unit="in" value="23.0">23 in</quantity>
10 μm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF86FFE31BA0FC61FEB5914B" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="58708802FF86FFE31BA0FC61FEB5914B" blockId="12.[136,1452,698,1121]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF86FFE31BA0FC61FE949687" bold="true" box="[189,308,914,940]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">Remarks:</emphasis>
This taxon is common in the Mediterranean Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF86FFE31876FC61FBA79687" author="Hustedt, F." box="[875,1031,914,940]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" pagination="781 - 880" refId="ref15927" refString="Hustedt, F. (1933) Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Osterreichs und der Schweiz unter Berucksichtigung der ubrigen Lander Europas sowie der angrenzenden Meeresgebiete. In: Rabenhorst, L. (Ed.) Kryptogamen Flora von Deutschland, Osterreich und der Schweiz. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft m. b. h. Leipzig 7 (Teil 2, Lief. 3): 321 - 432, figs 781 - 880." type="journal article" year="1933">Hustedt 1933</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF86FFE31F0FFC61FAB09687" author="Witkowski, A. &amp; Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D." box="[1042,1296,914,940]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" refId="ref20057" refString="Witkowski, A., Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D. (2000) Diatom flora of marine coasts I. Iconographia Diatomologica Vol. 7. A. R. G. Ganter Verlag K. G., Ruggell. 925 pp." type="book" year="2000">
Witkowski
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF86FFE31F89FC60FB6D9687" box="[1172,1229,914,940]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF86FFE31E01FC61FF4896FB" author="Majewska, R. &amp; D'Alelio, D. &amp; De Stefano, M." pageId="12" pageNumber="161" pagination="48 - 56" refId="ref16923" refString="Majewska, R., D'Alelio, D. &amp; De Stefano, M. (2013) Cocconeis Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta), a genus dominating diatom communities associated with Posidonia oceanica Delile (monocotyledons) in the Mediterranean Sea. Aquatic Botany 112: 48 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. aquabot. 2013.07.008" type="journal article" year="2013">
Majewska
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF86FFE31E8AFC60FF0596FB" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
), and was reported for the East Sea of
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF86FFE31985FC45FD4396FB" box="[664,739,950,976]" name="Russia" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">Russia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF86FFE319ECFC45FC6196FB" author="Orlova, T. Y. &amp; Stonik, I. V. &amp; Shevchenko, O. G." box="[753,961,950,976]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" pagination="60 - 78" refId="ref17267" refString="Orlova, T. Y., Stonik, I. V. &amp; Shevchenko, O. G. (2009) Flora of planktonic microalgae of Amursky Bay, Sea of Japan. Russian Journal of Marine Biology 35: 60 - 78. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 106307400901009 X" type="journal article" year="2009">
Orlova
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF86FFE31855FC44FC2096FB" box="[840,896,950,976]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
) as well as for islands of the Pacific Ocean,
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF86FFE31B95FC29FF5196DF" box="[136,241,986,1012]" name="Bahamas" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
, and Caribbean Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF86FFE31AC4FC29FD1196DF" author="Lobban, C. S. &amp; Schefter, M. &amp; Jordan, R. W. &amp; Arai, Y. &amp; Sasaki, A. &amp; Theriot, E. C. &amp; Ashworth, M. &amp; Ruck, E. C. &amp; Pennesi, C." box="[473,689,986,1012]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" pagination="237 - 479" refId="ref16791" refString="Lobban, C. S., Schefter, M., Jordan, R. W., Arai, Y., Sasaki, A., Theriot, E. C., Ashworth, M., Ruck, E. C. &amp; Pennesi, C. (2012) Coral-reef diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from Guam: new records and preliminary checklist, with emphasis on epiphytic species from farmer-fish territories. Micronesica 43: 237 - 479." type="journal article" year="2012">
Lobban
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF86FFE3192AFC28FDCE96DF" box="[567,622,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
). It is widely distributed along warmer coasts. In
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF86FFE31FCCFC29FAC096DE" box="[1233,1376,986,1013]" name="South Korea" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">South Korea</collectingCountry>
, it was recorded as plankton off the coast of
<collectingRegion id="9A0B46E0FF86FFE31938FC0DFDF29133" box="[549,594,1022,1048]" country="South Korea" name="Jeju" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">Jeju</collectingRegion>
Island (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF86FFE319B1FC0DFCF89133" author="Lee, J. B. &amp; Go, Y. B. &amp; Choa, J. H." box="[684,856,1022,1048]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" pagination="159 - 171" refId="ref16524" refString="Lee, J. B., Go, Y. B. &amp; Choa, J. H. (1990) The structure and dynamics of phytoplankton communities around the coastline of Cheju Island, Korea. Korean Journal of Phycology 5: 159 - 171. [in Korean]" type="journal article" year="1990">
Lee
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF86FFE319C3FC0CFCB69133" box="[734,790,1022,1048]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">et al.</emphasis>
1990
</bibRefCitation>
), as epiphytes on
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF86FFE31F03FC0CFBD49133" box="[1054,1140,1023,1048]" class="Liliopsida" family="Zosteraceae" genus="Zostera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF86FFE31F03FC0CFBD49133" box="[1054,1140,1023,1048]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="161">Zostera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the coast of Geoje Island (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF86FFE31B8DFBD1FECC9117" author="Chung, M. H. &amp; Lee, K. S." box="[144,364,1058,1085]" pageId="12" pageNumber="161" pagination="75 - 81" refId="ref14652" refString="Chung, M. H. &amp; Lee, K. S. (2008) Species composition of the epiphytic diatoms on the leaf tissues of three Zostera species distributed on the southern coast of Korea. Algae 23: 75 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.4490 / algae. 2008.23.1.075" type="journal article" year="2008">Chung &amp; Lee 2008</bibRefCitation>
), and in this survey, occurred rarely as epiphytes on seaweeds from small rock pools in Seogwipo coast (St. 2).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

146
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<paragraph id="58708802FF87FFE21B95FD81FC9297A7" blockId="13.[136,818,626,652]" box="[136,818,626,652]" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">
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<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF87FFE21B95FD81FC9297A7" bold="true" box="[136,818,626,652]" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">
17.
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF87FFE21BAFFD81FD6797A7" authority="W. Gregory ex Greville" authorityName="Greville" box="[178,711,626,652]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="pinnata">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF87FFE21BAFFD81FE8897A7" bold="true" box="[178,296,626,652]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">Cocconeis</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF87FFE21A4EFD81FE0C97A7" bold="true" box="[339,428,626,652]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">pinnata</emphasis>
W. Gregory ex Greville
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="C0F49487FF87FFE219CBFD81FC8997A7" box="[726,809,626,652]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–24" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1880,1902]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-23@4.[151,1436,190,1855]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3–24. LM micrographs of Cocconeis species (1). Figs 3–5. Cocconeis stauroneiformis, RV (Fig. 3) and SVs (Figs 4, 5). Figs 6–8. C. costata, SVs (Figs 6, 7) and RV (Fig. 8). Figs 9–11. C. capensis, SVs. Figs 12–19. C. distans, SVs (Figs 12, 15, 17–19) and RVs (Figs 13, 14, 16) (Figs 14 and 15, 16 and 17, complete valve). Figs 20, 21. C. pelta, SV (Fig. 20) and RV (Fig. 21). Fig. 22. C. cf. pinnata, SV. Figs 23, 24. C. clandestina, SVs. Scale bar = 10 μm (Figs 3–24)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788081/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF87FFE21B95FD4DFEBE9630" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="58708802FF87FFE21B95FD4DFD9797F8" blockId="13.[136,1451,702,796]" box="[136,567,702,724]" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF87FFE21B95FD4DFF5597FF" bold="true" box="[136,245,702,724]" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">Basionym:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF87FFE21BE6FD4DFE2297FF" author="Greville, R. K." box="[251,386,702,724]" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" pagination="79 - 86" refId="ref15596" refString="Greville, R. K. (1859) Descriptions of new species of British Diatomaceae, chiefly observed by the late Professor Gregory. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, London 7: 79 - 86, pl. 6. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2818.1859. tb 04583. x" type="journal article" year="1859">Greville 1859</bibRefCitation>
, p. 79, pl. 6, fig. 1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="58708802FF87FFE21B95FD11FEBE9630" blockId="13.[136,1451,702,796]" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF87FFE21B95FD11FF5F97D3" bold="true" box="[136,255,738,760]" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">References:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF87FFE21A18FD11FE2897DC" author="Hustedt, F." box="[261,392,738,760]" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" pagination="781 - 880" refId="ref15927" refString="Hustedt, F. (1933) Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Osterreichs und der Schweiz unter Berucksichtigung der ubrigen Lander Europas sowie der angrenzenden Meeresgebiete. In: Rabenhorst, L. (Ed.) Kryptogamen Flora von Deutschland, Osterreich und der Schweiz. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft m. b. h. Leipzig 7 (Teil 2, Lief. 3): 321 - 432, figs 781 - 880." type="journal article" year="1933">Hustedt 1933</bibRefCitation>
, p. 330, fig. 783;
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF87FFE2192CFD11FCA797DC" author="Witkowski, A. &amp; Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D." box="[561,775,738,760]" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" refId="ref20057" refString="Witkowski, A., Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D. (2000) Diatom flora of marine coasts I. Iconographia Diatomologica Vol. 7. A. R. G. Ganter Verlag K. G., Ruggell. 925 pp." type="book" year="2000">
Witkowski
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF87FFE21982FD11FD7097DC" box="[671,720,738,759]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 112, pl. 37, figs 14, pl. 39, fig. 10;
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF87FFE21F6BFD11FACC97DC" author="Riaux-Gobin, C. &amp; Compere, P. &amp; Romero, O. E. &amp; Williams, D. M." box="[1142,1388,738,760]" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" pagination="81 - 99" refId="ref18246" refString="Riaux-Gobin, C., Compere, P., Romero, O. E. &amp; Williams, D. M. (2014 c) Cocconeis pinnata W. Gregory ex Greville (Bacillariophyta): Lectotypification and an emended description after examination of type material and South Pacific specimens. Phytotaxa 156: 81 - 99." type="journal article" year="2014">
Riaux-Gobin
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF87FFE21FE4FD11FA8A97DC" box="[1273,1322,738,759]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">et al.</emphasis>
2014c
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 85, figs 7–43.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF87FFE21B95FCB9FAA89687" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" type="description">
<paragraph id="58708802FF87FFE21B95FCB9FAA89687" blockId="13.[136,1452,842,1301]" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF87FFE21B95FCB9FEBC964F" bold="true" box="[136,284,842,868]" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">Description:</emphasis>
Valve elliptical to ovoid, 28–31 μm long, 20–21 μm wide. SV: sternum broadly lanceolate, central area not differentiated. Transapical striae robust, raised, biseriate, but uniseriate towards the inner, and radiate towards the apices,
<quantity id="9F3725E7FF87FFE21BC1FC61FE839687" box="[220,291,914,940]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.89" metricValueMax="10.16" metricValueMin="7.62" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" unit="in" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 in</quantity>
10 μm. Marginal area of valve lacking areolae to make a hyaline band. No RV observed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF87FFE21BA0FC45FEBC903E" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="58708802FF87FFE21BA0FC45FDED914A" blockId="13.[136,1452,842,1301]" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF87FFE21BA0FC45FE9496FB" bold="true" box="[189,308,950,976]" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">Remarks:</emphasis>
Striae on valves are biseriate with large puncta, but uniseriate towards the margins of valve. These characteristics of striae are consistent with those of
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF87FFE219FEFC29FC2F96DF" author="Hustedt, F." box="[739,911,986,1012]" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" pagination="781 - 880" refId="ref15927" refString="Hustedt, F. (1933) Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Osterreichs und der Schweiz unter Berucksichtigung der ubrigen Lander Europas sowie der angrenzenden Meeresgebiete. In: Rabenhorst, L. (Ed.) Kryptogamen Flora von Deutschland, Osterreich und der Schweiz. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft m. b. h. Leipzig 7 (Teil 2, Lief. 3): 321 - 432, figs 781 - 880." type="journal article" year="1933">Hustedt (1933)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF87FFE218D6FC29FB4196DF" author="Witkowski, A. &amp; Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D." box="[971,1249,986,1012]" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" refId="ref20057" refString="Witkowski, A., Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D. (2000) Diatom flora of marine coasts I. Iconographia Diatomologica Vol. 7. A. R. G. Ganter Verlag K. G., Ruggell. 925 pp." type="book" year="2000">
Witkowski
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF87FFE21F52FC28FB2A96DF" box="[1103,1162,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">et al.</emphasis>
(2000)
</bibRefCitation>
, but the width of sternum of SV is different each other. However, according to the inspection of the
<typeStatus id="877436A0FF87FFE21F49FC0CFB249132" box="[1108,1156,1023,1049]" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">type</typeStatus>
specimens, the striae are uniseraite on valve and biseriate towards the margins (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF87FFE219F5FBD1FBAB9117" author="Riaux-Gobin, C. &amp; Compere, P. &amp; Romero, O. E. &amp; Williams, D. M." box="[744,1035,1058,1084]" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" pagination="81 - 99" refId="ref18246" refString="Riaux-Gobin, C., Compere, P., Romero, O. E. &amp; Williams, D. M. (2014 c) Cocconeis pinnata W. Gregory ex Greville (Bacillariophyta): Lectotypification and an emended description after examination of type material and South Pacific specimens. Phytotaxa 156: 81 - 99." type="journal article" year="2014">
Riaux-Gobin
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF87FFE2189EFBD0FC1B9117" box="[899,955,1058,1084]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">et al.</emphasis>
2014c
</bibRefCitation>
). For this reason, this taxon collected in the local area is named
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF87FFE21AB1FBB4FDE7914B" box="[428,583,1094,1121]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="pinnata">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF87FFE21AB1FBB4FE66914A" box="[428,454,1095,1121]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">C.</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF87FFE21AECFBB4FDE7914B" box="[497,583,1095,1120]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">pinnata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="58708802FF87FFE21BA0FB99FEBC903E" blockId="13.[136,1452,842,1301]" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">
This species is distributed along the coasts of Europe, from the Mediterranean to the northern Arctic (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF87FFE21E4FFB99FF649183" author="Hustedt, F." pageId="13" pageNumber="162" pagination="781 - 880" refId="ref15927" refString="Hustedt, F. (1933) Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Osterreichs und der Schweiz unter Berucksichtigung der ubrigen Lander Europas sowie der angrenzenden Meeresgebiete. In: Rabenhorst, L. (Ed.) Kryptogamen Flora von Deutschland, Osterreich und der Schweiz. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft m. b. h. Leipzig 7 (Teil 2, Lief. 3): 321 - 432, figs 781 - 880." type="journal article" year="1933">Hustedt 1933</bibRefCitation>
); it has also been reported for the west Iberian coast of North
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF87FFE21876FB7DFC6A9183" box="[875,970,1166,1192]" name="Portugal" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">Portugal</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF87FFE218C5FB7DFB189183" author="Resende, P. &amp; Azeiteiro, U. M. &amp; Goncalves, F. &amp; Pereira, M. J." box="[984,1208,1166,1192]" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" pagination="224 - 235" refId="ref17670" refString="Resende, P., Azeiteiro, U. M., Goncalves, F. &amp; Pereira, M. J. (2007) Distribution and ecological preferences of diatoms and dinoflagellates in the west Iberian Coastal zone (North Portugal). Acta Oecologica 32: 224 - 235. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. actao. 2007.05.004" type="journal article" year="2007">
Resende
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF87FFE21F22FB7CFBD69183" box="[1087,1142,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">et al.</emphasis>
2007
</bibRefCitation>
), King George Island,
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF87FFE21B95FB41FF5D91E7" box="[136,253,1202,1228]" name="Antarctica" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF87FFE21A11FB41FD8C91E7" author="Al-Handal, A. Y. &amp; Wulff, A." box="[268,556,1202,1228]" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" pagination="51 - 68" refId="ref14434" refString="Al-Handal, A. Y. &amp; Wulff, A. (2008) Marine benthic diatoms from Potter Cove, King George Island, Antarctica. Botanica Marina 51: 51 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / BOT. 2008.007" type="journal article" year="2008">Al-Handal &amp; Wulff 2008</bibRefCitation>
), and elsewhere, in the Mediterranean (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF87FFE218FAFB41FB4091E7" author="Majewska, R. &amp; D'Alelio, D. &amp; De Stefano, M." box="[999,1248,1202,1228]" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" pagination="48 - 56" refId="ref16923" refString="Majewska, R., D'Alelio, D. &amp; De Stefano, M. (2013) Cocconeis Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta), a genus dominating diatom communities associated with Posidonia oceanica Delile (monocotyledons) in the Mediterranean Sea. Aquatic Botany 112: 48 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. aquabot. 2013.07.008" type="journal article" year="2013">
Majewska
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF87FFE21F7EFB40FB3C91E7" box="[1123,1180,1202,1228]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
). In the Seogwipo coast, it occurred very rarely as epiphytes on seaweed from small rock pools (St. 2); it is herein newly described for
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF87FFE21B95FB09FEB8903E" box="[136,280,1274,1301]" name="South Korea" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">South Korea</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

228
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<mods:title id="9FC190500BDB7302599681296472C920">Distribution of the genus Cocconeis (Bacillariophyceae) along the Seogwipo coast of Jeju Island, South Korea</mods:title>
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<treatment id="D0663914FF87FFFE1B95FAB1FDB79446" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788127" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191683112" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5788127" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D0663914FF87FFFE1B95FAB1FDB79446" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D0663914FF87FFFE1B95FAB1FDB79446" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="166" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">
<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF87FFE21B95FAB1FD5C9077" box="[136,764,1346,1373]" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="58708802FF87FFE21B95FAB1FD5C9077" blockId="13.[136,764,1346,1373]" box="[136,764,1346,1373]" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">
<heading id="03383F6EFF87FFE21B95FAB1FD5C9077" bold="true" box="[136,764,1346,1373]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" reason="1">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF87FFE21B95FAB1FD5C9077" bold="true" box="[136,764,1346,1373]" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">
18.
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF87FFE21BAFFAB1FDC49077" authority="Gregory" authorityName="Gregory" box="[178,612,1346,1373]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="pseudomarginata">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF87FFE21BAFFAB1FE589076" bold="true" box="[178,504,1346,1373]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">Cocconeis pseudomarginata</emphasis>
Gregory
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="C0F49487FF87FFE2196FFAB1FD559077" box="[626,757,1346,1372]" captionStart="FIGURES 69–76" captionStartId="14.[136,243,1906,1928]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-23@14.[151,1436,190,1882]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 69–76. LM micrographs of Cocconeis species (5). Figs 69–72. Cocconeis pseudomarginata, RVs (Figs 69, 72) and SVs (Figs 70, 71) (Figs 69 and 70, a complete valve). Figs 73–76. C. pseudomarginata var. intermedia, RVs (73, 76) and SVs (Figs 74, 75). Scale bar = 10 μm (Figs 69–76)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788095/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">Figs 69–72</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF87FFE21B95FA7DFEA090C0" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="58708802FF87FFE21B95FA7DFDF19088" blockId="13.[136,1451,1422,1515]" box="[136,593,1422,1444]" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF87FFE21B95FA7DFF55908F" bold="true" box="[136,245,1422,1444]" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">Basionym:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF87FFE21BE6FA7DFE23908F" author="Gregory, W." box="[251,387,1422,1444]" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" pagination="473 - 542" refId="ref15528" refString="Gregory, W. (1857) On new forms of marine Diatomaceae found in the Firth of Clyde and in Loch Fyne, illustrated by numerous figures drawn by K. K. Greville, LL. D., F. R. S. E. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 21: 473 - 542, pls. 9 - 14." type="journal article" year="1857">Gregory 1857</bibRefCitation>
, p. 492, pl. 9, fig. 27.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="58708802FF87FFE21B95FA41FEA090C0" blockId="13.[136,1451,1422,1515]" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF87FFE21B95FA41FF5F90E3" bold="true" box="[136,255,1458,1480]" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">References:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF87FFE21A1AFA41FE2A90EC" author="Hustedt, F." box="[263,394,1458,1480]" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" pagination="781 - 880" refId="ref15927" refString="Hustedt, F. (1933) Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Osterreichs und der Schweiz unter Berucksichtigung der ubrigen Lander Europas sowie der angrenzenden Meeresgebiete. In: Rabenhorst, L. (Ed.) Kryptogamen Flora von Deutschland, Osterreich und der Schweiz. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft m. b. h. Leipzig 7 (Teil 2, Lief. 3): 321 - 432, figs 781 - 880." type="journal article" year="1933">Hustedt 1933</bibRefCitation>
, p. 359, figs 813a–c;
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF87FFE21943FA41FCF490EC" author="Romero, O. E. &amp; Navarro, J. N." box="[606,852,1458,1479]" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" pagination="581 - 592" refId="ref18452" refString="Romero, O. E. &amp; Navarro, J. N. (1999) Two marine species of Cocconeis Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyceae): C. pseudomarginata Gregory and C. caribensis sp. nov. Botanica Marina 42: 581 - 592. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / BOT. 1999.065" type="journal article" year="1999">Romero &amp; Navarro 1999</bibRefCitation>
, figs 1–6, 13–15, 20–31;
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF87FFE21F53FA41FAE990EC" author="Riaux-Gobin, C. &amp; Compere, P. &amp; Ector, L." box="[1102,1353,1458,1480]" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" pagination="171 - 192" refId="ref17885" refString="Riaux-Gobin, C., Compere, P. &amp; Ector, L. (2014 a) Some Cocconeis species (Bacillariophyceae) originally described by William Gregory and Robert Kaye Greville from the Firth of Clyde and Loch Fyne (Scotland). Nova Hedwigia 99: 171 - 192. https: // doi. org / 10.1127 / 0029 - 5035 / 2014 / 0190" type="journal article" year="2014">
Riaux-Gobin
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF87FFE21FCEFA41FAA590EC" box="[1235,1285,1458,1479]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">et al.</emphasis>
2014a
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 176, f, 33, 34.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF87FFE21B95F9E9FC7B9227" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" type="description">
<paragraph id="58708802FF87FFE21B95F9E9FC7B9227" blockId="13.[136,1452,1562,2020]" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF87FFE21B95F9E9FEBC931F" bold="true" box="[136,284,1562,1588]" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">Description:</emphasis>
Valves broadly elliptical to ovoid, 19–54 μm long, 10–41 μm wide. SV: sternum wide lanceolate, the terminal ends of sternum enlarged and pear-shaped, extending to submarginal hyaline line, and a longitudinal row of areolae between sternum and the submarginal hyaline lines. Transapical striae in inner parts of valve radiate towards the apices,
<quantity id="9F3725E7FF87FFE21A16F975FED0938B" box="[267,368,1670,1696]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.476999999999999" metricValueMax="7.366" metricValueMin="5.588" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" unit="in" value="25.5" valueMax="29.0" valueMin="22.0">22–29 in</quantity>
10 μm, areolae on a stria transapically elongated. RV: raphe straight and linear, sternum very narrow, crescent-shaped hyaline area at the terminal ends of sternum, resulting the ends of raphe distant from the apices. Central area small lanceolate or circular. The valve depressed between the raphe and valve margins. Transapical striae radiate towards the apices,
<quantity id="9F3725E7FF87FFE21AE1F901FDFF9227" box="[508,607,1778,1804]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.476999999999999" metricValueMax="7.62" metricValueMin="5.334" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" unit="in" value="25.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="21.0">21–30 in</quantity>
10 μm in the inner parts of valve.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF87FFFE1BA0F8E5FDB79446" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="166" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="58708802FF87FFE21BA0F8E5FE7792CF" blockId="13.[136,1452,1562,2020]" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF87FFE21BA0F8E5FE94921B" bold="true" box="[189,308,1814,1840]" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">Remarks:</emphasis>
This species is similar to
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF87FFE21943F8E4FB46921B" authority="De Stefano, Mario &amp; Mazzella" authorityName="De Stefano, Mario &amp; Mazzella" box="[606,1254,1814,1841]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="multiperforata">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF87FFE21943F8E4FCDE921B" box="[606,894,1814,1841]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">Cocconeis multiperforata</emphasis>
De Stefano, Mario &amp; Mazzella
</taxonomicName>
and the two may be confused in the image of light microscopy. However, the comprehensive comparison of relevant reports and data of SEM (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF87FFE21BD2F8ADFE489253" author="Romero, O. E. &amp; Navarro, J. N." box="[207,488,1886,1913]" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" pagination="581 - 592" refId="ref18452" refString="Romero, O. E. &amp; Navarro, J. N. (1999) Two marine species of Cocconeis Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyceae): C. pseudomarginata Gregory and C. caribensis sp. nov. Botanica Marina 42: 581 - 592. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / BOT. 1999.065" type="journal article" year="1999">Romero &amp; Navarro 1999</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF87FFE21AEFF8ACFD4B9253" author="De Stefano, M. &amp; Marino, D. &amp; Mazzella, L." box="[498,747,1886,1913]" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" pagination="225 - 242" refId="ref15005" refString="De Stefano, M., Marino, D. &amp; Mazzella, L. (2000) Marine taxa of Cocconeis on leaves of Posidonia oceanica, including a new species and two new varieties. European Journal of Phycology 35: 225 - 242. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 09670260010001735831" type="journal article" year="2000">
De Stefano
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF87FFE2196EF8ACFD0A9253" box="[627,682,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF87FFE219E9F8ADFC099253" author="Mori, K. &amp; Osada, K. &amp; Nagumo, T." box="[756,937,1886,1912]" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" pagination="179 - 191" refId="ref17096" refString="Mori, K., Osada, K. &amp; Nagumo, T. (2002) Diatoms from Kamo-ko (Lake Kamo) in Sado Island: vertical distribution of attached diatoms and water quality in summer. Bulletin of the Nippon Dental University, General Education 31: 179 - 191. [in Japanese] https: // doi. org / 10.14983 / 00000561" type="journal article" year="2002">
Mori
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF87FFE2182FF8ACFCC99253" box="[818,873,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">et al.</emphasis>
2002
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF87FFE218AEF8ADFB6D9253" author="Riaux-Gobin, C. &amp; Compere, P. &amp; Ector, L." box="[947,1229,1886,1912]" pageId="13" pageNumber="162" pagination="171 - 192" refId="ref17885" refString="Riaux-Gobin, C., Compere, P. &amp; Ector, L. (2014 a) Some Cocconeis species (Bacillariophyceae) originally described by William Gregory and Robert Kaye Greville from the Firth of Clyde and Loch Fyne (Scotland). Nova Hedwigia 99: 171 - 192. https: // doi. org / 10.1127 / 0029 - 5035 / 2014 / 0190" type="journal article" year="2014">
Riaux-Gobin
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF87FFE21F56F8ACFB229253" box="[1099,1154,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="162">et al.</emphasis>
2014a
</bibRefCitation>
) allowed to identify the following differences: the former has uniseriate striae in the SV, a crescent shape of the hyaline area at the terminal ends of the raphe, and more than 22 of striae in the SV, while these parameters of the latter are biseriate, pear-shaped, and less than 20, respectively.
</paragraph>
<caption id="0CB0D88AFF84FFE11B95F881FE2692FB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788095" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5788095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788095/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="163" startId="14.[136,243,1906,1928]" targetBox="[151,1436,190,1882]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="58708802FF84FFE11B95F881FE2692FB" blockId="14.[136,1452,1906,2001]" pageId="14" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF84FFE11B95F881FE9592AC" bold="true" box="[136,309,1906,1928]" pageId="14" pageNumber="163">FIGURES 69–76</emphasis>
. LM micrographs of
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF84FFE1191FF880FD1192A2" box="[514,689,1907,1929]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="14" pageNumber="163" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF84FFE1191FF880FDC692A3" box="[514,614,1907,1928]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="163">Cocconeis</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
(5). Figs 69–72.
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF84FFE1184AF880FBC892A3" box="[855,1128,1907,1928]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="14" pageNumber="163" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="pseudomarginata">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF84FFE1184AF880FBC892A3" box="[855,1128,1907,1928]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="163">Cocconeis pseudomarginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, RVs (Figs 69, 72) and SVs (Figs 70, 71) (Figs 69 and 70, a complete valve). Figs 73–76.
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF84FFE119B7F864FBA69287" box="[682,1030,1943,1964]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="14" pageNumber="163" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="variety" species="pseudomarginata" variety="intermedia">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF84FFE119B7F864FCCD9287" box="[682,877,1943,1964]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="163">C. pseudomarginata</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF84FFE11883F864FBA69287" box="[926,1030,1943,1964]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="163">intermedia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, RVs (73, 76) and SVs (Figs 74, 75). Scale bar = 10 μm (Figs 69–76).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="0CB0D88AFF85FFE01B95F885FBE6929A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788099" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5788099" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788099/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="164" startId="15.[136,243,1910,1932]" targetBox="[153,1436,190,1886]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="58708802FF85FFE01B95F885FBE6929A" blockId="15.[136,1451,1910,1969]" pageId="15" pageNumber="164">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF85FFE01B95F885FE9792A0" bold="true" box="[136,311,1910,1932]" pageId="15" pageNumber="164">FIGURES 77–83</emphasis>
. LM micrographs of
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF85FFE01916F884FD1C92A7" box="[523,700,1910,1932]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="15" pageNumber="164" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF85FFE01916F884FDCF92A7" box="[523,623,1911,1932]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="164">Cocconeis</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
(6). Figs 77, 78.
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF85FFE01876F884FBC992A7" authority=", RV" authorityName="RV" box="[875,1129,1910,1932]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="15" pageNumber="164" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="heteroidea">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF85FFE01876F884FB9C92A0" box="[875,1084,1910,1932]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="164">Cocconeis heteroidea</emphasis>
, RV
</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 77) and SV (Fig. 78). Figs 79–83.
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF85FFE01BCDF868FEF09284" authorityName="Meister" authorityYear="1937" box="[208,336,1946,1968]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="15" pageNumber="164" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="callosa">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF85FFE01BCDF868FF47929B" box="[208,231,1947,1968]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="164">C.</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF85FFE01A16F869FEF09284" box="[267,336,1946,1967]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="164">callosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, RVs (Figs 79, 82) and SVs (Figs 80, 81, 83). Scale bar = 10 μm (Figs 77–83).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="0CB0D88AFF9AFFFF1B95F89BFB579289" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788103" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5788103" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788103/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="165" startId="16.[136,243,1896,1918]" targetBox="[151,1436,190,1871]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="58708802FF9AFFFF1B95F89BFB579289" blockId="16.[136,1451,1896,1954]" pageId="16" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF9AFFFF1B95F89BFE959256" bold="true" box="[136,309,1896,1918]" pageId="16" pageNumber="165">FIGURES 84–87</emphasis>
. LM micrographs of
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF9AFFFF191FF89BFD119255" box="[514,689,1896,1918]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="16" pageNumber="165" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF9AFFFF191FF89BFDC69256" box="[514,614,1896,1917]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="165">Cocconeis</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
(7). Figs 84–86.
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF9AFFFF184BF89BFBB89256" authorityName="Grunow" authorityYear="1863" baseAuthorityName="Hantzsch" box="[854,1048,1896,1917]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="16" pageNumber="165" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="pellucida">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF9AFFFF184BF89BFBB89256" box="[854,1048,1896,1917]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="165">Cocconeis pellucida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, SVs (Figs 84, 85) and RVs (Figs 85, 86), internal view (Fig. 84) and external view of SV (Fig. 86). Fig. 87.
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF9AFFFF1818F87FFC4A9289" authority=", SV. Scale" authorityName="SV. Scale" box="[773,1002,1932,1954]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="16" pageNumber="165" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="conspicua">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF9AFFFF1818F87FFC22928A" box="[773,898,1932,1953]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="165">C. conspicua</emphasis>
, SV. Scale
</taxonomicName>
bars = 10 μm (Figs 84–87).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="58708802FF9BFFFE1BA0FF6DFDB79446" blockId="17.[136,1452,158,365]" pageId="17" pageNumber="166">
This taxon is widespread along marine coasts worldwide (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF9BFFFE1849FF6DFC529593" author="Hustedt, F." box="[852,1010,158,184]" pageId="17" pageNumber="166" pagination="781 - 880" refId="ref15927" refString="Hustedt, F. (1933) Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Osterreichs und der Schweiz unter Berucksichtigung der ubrigen Lander Europas sowie der angrenzenden Meeresgebiete. In: Rabenhorst, L. (Ed.) Kryptogamen Flora von Deutschland, Osterreich und der Schweiz. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft m. b. h. Leipzig 7 (Teil 2, Lief. 3): 321 - 432, figs 781 - 880." type="journal article" year="1933">Hustedt 1933</bibRefCitation>
); it has been collected in many places, ranging from
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF9BFFFE1A3BFF30FE0D95F7" box="[294,429,194,221]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="17" pageNumber="166">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF9BFFFE1AC8FF31FD9795F7" box="[469,567,194,220]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="17" pageNumber="166">Scotland</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF9BFFFE1955FF31FCCC95F7" author="Romero, O. E. &amp; Navarro, J. N." box="[584,876,194,221]" pageId="17" pageNumber="166" pagination="581 - 592" refId="ref18452" refString="Romero, O. E. &amp; Navarro, J. N. (1999) Two marine species of Cocconeis Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyceae): C. pseudomarginata Gregory and C. caribensis sp. nov. Botanica Marina 42: 581 - 592. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / BOT. 1999.065" type="journal article" year="1999">Romero &amp; Navarro 1999</bibRefCitation>
). It was reported near
<collectingRegion id="9A0B46E0FF9BFFFE1F6DFF31FB0A95F7" box="[1136,1194,194,220]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="17" pageNumber="166">Cape</collectingRegion>
Town of
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF9BFFFE1E06FF31FA0C95F7" box="[1307,1452,194,220]" name="South Africa" pageId="17" pageNumber="166">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF9BFFFE1B92FF15FEBB942B" author="Giffen, M. H." box="[143,283,230,256]" pageId="17" pageNumber="166" pagination="81 - 87" refId="ref15378" refString="Giffen, M. H. (1970) New and interesting marine and littoral diatoms from Sea Point, near Cape Town, South Africa. Botanica Marina 13: 81 - 87. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / botm. 1970.13.2.81" type="journal article" year="1970">Giffen 1970</bibRefCitation>
), in the southeastern Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF9BFFFE18BCFF15FB19942B" author="Romero, O. E. &amp; Navarro, J. N." box="[929,1209,230,257]" pageId="17" pageNumber="166" pagination="581 - 592" refId="ref18452" refString="Romero, O. E. &amp; Navarro, J. N. (1999) Two marine species of Cocconeis Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyceae): C. pseudomarginata Gregory and C. caribensis sp. nov. Botanica Marina 42: 581 - 592. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / BOT. 1999.065" type="journal article" year="1999">Romero &amp; Navarro 1999</bibRefCitation>
), common in Kattegat of Baltic Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF9BFFFE1A36FEF9FD8D940F" author="Witkowski, A. &amp; Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D." box="[299,557,266,292]" pageId="17" pageNumber="166" refId="ref20057" refString="Witkowski, A., Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D. (2000) Diatom flora of marine coasts I. Iconographia Diatomologica Vol. 7. A. R. G. Ganter Verlag K. G., Ruggell. 925 pp." type="book" year="2000">
Witkowski
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF9BFFFE1AB2FEF8FE49940F" box="[431,489,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="166">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
), and in
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF9BFFFE198DFEF8FD70940E" box="[656,720,267,293]" name="Japan" pageId="17" pageNumber="166">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF9BFFFE19FDFEF9FC00940F" author="Mori, K. &amp; Osada, K. &amp; Nagumo, T." box="[736,928,266,292]" pageId="17" pageNumber="166" pagination="179 - 191" refId="ref17096" refString="Mori, K., Osada, K. &amp; Nagumo, T. (2002) Diatoms from Kamo-ko (Lake Kamo) in Sado Island: vertical distribution of attached diatoms and water quality in summer. Bulletin of the Nippon Dental University, General Education 31: 179 - 191. [in Japanese] https: // doi. org / 10.14983 / 00000561" type="journal article" year="2002">
Mori
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF9BFFFE183FFEF8FCFB940F" box="[802,859,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="166">et al.</emphasis>
2002
</bibRefCitation>
). In
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF9BFFFE18CEFEF9FBC4940E" box="[979,1124,266,293]" name="South Korea" pageId="17" pageNumber="166">South Korea</collectingCountry>
, this species was reported as planktons and periphytes off the coast of
<collectingRegion id="9A0B46E0FF9BFFFE194AFEDDFD249463" box="[599,644,302,328]" country="South Korea" name="Jeju" pageId="17" pageNumber="166">Jeju</collectingRegion>
Island (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF9BFFFE19C2FEDDFC2C9463" author="Lee, J. B. &amp; Go, Y. B. &amp; Choa, J. H." box="[735,908,302,328]" pageId="17" pageNumber="166" pagination="159 - 171" refId="ref16524" refString="Lee, J. B., Go, Y. B. &amp; Choa, J. H. (1990) The structure and dynamics of phytoplankton communities around the coastline of Cheju Island, Korea. Korean Journal of Phycology 5: 159 - 171. [in Korean]" type="journal article" year="1990">
Lee
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF9BFFFE180CFEDCFCEA9463" box="[785,842,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="166">et al.</emphasis>
1990
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF9BFFFE188AFEDDFC729463" author="Lee, J. B. &amp; Choa, C. &amp; Kim, I. S." box="[919,978,302,328]" pageId="17" pageNumber="166" pagination="61 - 72" refId="ref16464" refString="Lee, J. B., Choa, C. H &amp; Kim, I. S. (1991) Distribution and species composition of periphytic diatom around the coast of Cheju Island. Bulletin of Marine Research, Institute of Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea 15: 61 - 72. [in Korean]" type="journal article" year="1991">1991</bibRefCitation>
), and in this survey, occurred infrequently as epiphytes in the Seogwipo coast.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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179
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2.
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<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF89FFEC1BB9F90CFE239232" bold="true" box="[164,387,1791,1817]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Cocconeis capensis</emphasis>
(Cholnoky) Witkowski
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="C0F49487FF89FFEC19BAF90CFCBA9232" box="[679,794,1791,1817]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–24" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1880,1902]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-23@4.[151,1436,190,1855]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3–24. LM micrographs of Cocconeis species (1). Figs 3–5. Cocconeis stauroneiformis, RV (Fig. 3) and SVs (Figs 4, 5). Figs 6–8. C. costata, SVs (Figs 6, 7) and RV (Fig. 8). Figs 9–11. C. capensis, SVs. Figs 12–19. C. distans, SVs (Figs 12, 15, 17–19) and RVs (Figs 13, 14, 16) (Figs 14 and 15, 16 and 17, complete valve). Figs 20, 21. C. pelta, SV (Fig. 20) and RV (Fig. 21). Fig. 22. C. cf. pinnata, SV. Figs 23, 24. C. clandestina, SVs. Scale bar = 10 μm (Figs 3–24)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788081/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Figs 9–11</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF89FFEC1B95F8BAFA0C9275" box="[136,1452,1865,1887]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="58708802FF89FFEC1B95F8BAFA0C9275" blockId="3.[136,1452,1865,1887]" box="[136,1452,1865,1887]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF89FFEC1B95F8BAFF5F9274" bold="true" box="[136,255,1865,1887]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">References:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF89FFEC1A1BF8BAFE3C9274" author="Cholnoky, B. J." box="[262,412,1865,1887]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" pagination="38 - 83" refId="ref14612" refString="Cholnoky, B. J. (1963) Beitrage zur Kenntnis des marinen Litorals von Sudafrika. Botanica Marina 5: 38 - 83. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / botm. 1963.5.2 - 3.38" type="journal article" year="1963">Cholnoky 1963</bibRefCitation>
, p. 42, figs 6, 7;
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF89FFEC1921F8BAFCB39275" author="Witkowski, A. &amp; Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D." box="[572,787,1865,1887]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" refId="ref20057" refString="Witkowski, A., Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D. (2000) Diatom flora of marine coasts I. Iconographia Diatomologica Vol. 7. A. R. G. Ganter Verlag K. G., Ruggell. 925 pp." type="book" year="2000">
Witkowski
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF89FFEC19B6F8B9FD7C9275" box="[683,732,1865,1887]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 103, pl. 40, figs 9, 10;
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF89FFEC1F13F8BAFB599275" author="Riaux-Gobin, C. &amp; Compere, P. &amp; Straub, F. &amp; Ector, L. &amp; Taxbock, L." box="[1038,1273,1865,1887]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" pagination="43 - 62" refId="ref18172" refString="Riaux-Gobin, C., Compere, P., Straub, F., Ector, L. &amp; Taxbock, L. (2017) Cocconeis voigtii F. Meister (Bacillariophyta) and other species from Meister's and Voigt's Nagasaki (Japan) material. Nova Hedwigia, Beihefte 146: 43 - 62. https: // doi. org / 10.1127 / 1438 - 9134 / 2017 / 043" type="journal article" year="2017">
Riaux-Gobin
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF89FFEC1F8CF8B9FB629275" box="[1169,1218,1865,1887]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 58, figs 20–23.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF89FFEC1B95F87FFDFB9D3A" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" type="description">
<paragraph id="58708802FF89FFEC1B95F87FFDFB9D3A" blockId="3.[136,1452,1932,2065]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF89FFEC1B95F87FFEBC928D" bold="true" box="[136,284,1932,1958]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Description:</emphasis>
Valves elliptical, 10–17 μm long, 5–10 μm wide. SV: sternum linear, and central area not developed. Transapical striae coarse, composed of elongated areolae,
<quantity id="9F3725E7FF89FFEC180EF85CFCD692E2" box="[787,886,1967,1993]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.334" metricValueMax="5.588" metricValueMin="5.08" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" unit="in" value="21.0" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="20.0">20–22 in</quantity>
10 μm, crossed by a hyaline longitudinal line, and radiate towards the apices. Striae as bundle of 1–3 rows of areolae. One row of dense areolae on the margins of valve. A complete frustule is observed (
<figureCitation id="C0F49487FF89FFEC1AE7F805FDED9D3A" box="[506,589,2038,2065]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–24" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1880,1902]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-23@4.[151,1436,190,1855]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3–24. LM micrographs of Cocconeis species (1). Figs 3–5. Cocconeis stauroneiformis, RV (Fig. 3) and SVs (Figs 4, 5). Figs 6–8. C. costata, SVs (Figs 6, 7) and RV (Fig. 8). Figs 9–11. C. capensis, SVs. Figs 12–19. C. distans, SVs (Figs 12, 15, 17–19) and RVs (Figs 13, 14, 16) (Figs 14 and 15, 16 and 17, complete valve). Figs 20, 21. C. pelta, SV (Fig. 20) and RV (Fig. 21). Fig. 22. C. cf. pinnata, SV. Figs 23, 24. C. clandestina, SVs. Scale bar = 10 μm (Figs 3–24)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788081/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="58708802FF8EFFEB1B95F8ABFCBE92F1" blockId="4.[136,1452,1880,2010]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8EFFEB1B95F8ABFE899246" bold="true" box="[136,297,1880,1902]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">FIGURES 3–24</emphasis>
. LM micrographs of
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF8EFFEB1AE4F8AAFD089245" box="[505,680,1880,1902]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8EFFEB1AE4F8AAFDFD9245" box="[505,605,1881,1902]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Cocconeis</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
(1). Figs 3–5.
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF8EFFEB1825F8AAFBC59245" authority=", RV" authorityName="RV" box="[824,1125,1880,1902]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="stauroneiformis">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8EFFEB1825F8AAFB999246" box="[824,1081,1880,1902]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Cocconeis stauroneiformis</emphasis>
, RV
</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 3) and SVs (Figs 4, 5). Figs 6–8.
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF8EFFEB1BA5F88EFEBA92B9" box="[184,282,1917,1938]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="costata">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8EFFEB1BA5F88EFEBA92B9" box="[184,282,1917,1938]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">C. costata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, SVs (Figs 6, 7) and RV (Fig. 8). Figs 9–11.
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF8EFFEB19D0F88EFC9C92B9" box="[717,828,1917,1938]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="capensis">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8EFFEB19D0F88EFC9C92B9" box="[717,828,1917,1938]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">C. capensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, SVs. Figs 12–19.
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF8EFFEB18E9F88EFBF492BA" box="[1012,1108,1916,1938]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="distans">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8EFFEB18E9F88EFBF492BA" box="[1012,1108,1916,1938]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">C. distans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, SVs (Figs 12, 15, 17–19) and RVs (Figs 13, 14, 16) (Figs 14 and 15, 16 and 17, complete valve). Figs 20, 21.
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF8EFFEB184FF852FC67929E" authority=", SV" authorityName="SV" box="[850,967,1952,1974]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="pelta">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8EFFEB184FF852FC3E929E" box="[850,926,1952,1974]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">C. pelta</emphasis>
, SV
</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 20) and RV (Fig. 21). Fig. 22.
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF8EFFEB1E3FF852FF0B92F2" authority=", SV." authorityName="SV." class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="pinnata">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8EFFEB1E3FF852FA99929D" box="[1314,1337,1953,1974]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">C.</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8EFFEB1E41F852FA05929D" box="[1372,1445,1953,1974]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">pinnata</emphasis>
, SV.
</taxonomicName>
Figs 23, 24.
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF8EFFEB1A3AF836FE1292F2" authorityName="A. Schmidt" authorityYear="1894" box="[295,434,1988,2010]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="clandestina">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8EFFEB1A3AF836FE1292F2" box="[295,434,1988,2010]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">C. clandestina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, SVs. Scale bar = 10 μm (Figs 3–24).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF8FFFEA1BA0FF6DFDA29462" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="58708802FF8FFFEA1BA0FF6DFDA29462" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,329]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8FFFEA1BA0FF6DFE949593" bold="true" box="[189,308,158,184]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Remarks:</emphasis>
This species was previously reported as
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF8FFFEA181CFF6CFAAC9593" authority="Cholnoky" authorityName="Cholnoky" authorityYear="1963" box="[769,1292,158,185]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="variety" species="clandestina" variety="capensis">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8FFFEA181CFF6CFC5E9593" box="[769,1022,158,185]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Cocconeis clandestina</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8FFFEA1F2BFF6CFB369593" box="[1078,1174,159,184]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">capensis</emphasis>
Cholnoky
</taxonomicName>
from the
<typeStatus id="877436A0FF8FFFEA1E66FF6CFA0B9592" box="[1403,1451,159,185]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">type</typeStatus>
locality of the Steanbras River of
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF8FFFEA1909FF31FD0595F7" box="[532,677,194,220]" name="South Africa" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF8FFFEA19ABFF31FCCB95F6" author="Cholnoky, B. J." box="[694,875,194,221]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" pagination="38 - 83" refId="ref14612" refString="Cholnoky, B. J. (1963) Beitrage zur Kenntnis des marinen Litorals von Sudafrika. Botanica Marina 5: 38 - 83. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / botm. 1963.5.2 - 3.38" type="journal article" year="1963">Cholnoky 1963</bibRefCitation>
), and from Saldanha Bay of
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF8FFFEA1FA3FF31FAF095F7" box="[1214,1360,194,220]" name="South Africa" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF8FFFEA1E7CFF31FF64942A" author="Giffen, M. H." pageId="5" pageNumber="154" pagination="379 - 394" refId="ref15425" refString="Giffen, M. H. (1976) A further account of the marine littoral diatoms of the Saldanha Bay Lagoon, Cape Province. South Africa. Botanica Marina 19: 379 - 394. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / botm. 1976.19.6.379" type="journal article" year="1976">Giffen 1976</bibRefCitation>
). It occurred in the
<collectingRegion id="9A0B46E0FF8FFFEA1A85FF15FE47942B" box="[408,487,230,256]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Azores</collectingRegion>
of
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF8FFFEA1917FF15FDC9942B" box="[522,617,230,256]" name="Portugal" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Portugal</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF8FFFEA196AFF15FCF7942B" author="Stidolph, S. R. &amp; Sterrenburg, F. A. S. &amp; Smith, K. E. L. &amp; Kraberg, A." box="[631,855,230,256]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" refId="ref19174" refString="Stidolph, S. R., Sterrenburg, F. A. S., Smith, K. E. L. &amp; Kraberg, A. (2012) Stuart R. Stidolph Diatom atlas. U. S. geological survey open-file report 2012 - 1163. https: // pubs. usgs. gov / of / 2012 / 1163 /" type="url" year="2012">
Stidolph
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8FFFEA19C3FF14FCB5942B" box="[734,789,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
), and in
<collectingRegion id="9A0B46E0FF8FFFEA18AEFF15FBBB942B" box="[947,1051,230,256]" country="Japan" name="Nagasaki" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Nagasaki</collectingRegion>
of
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF8FFFEA1F22FF14FBDF942A" box="[1087,1151,231,257]" name="Japan" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF8FFFEA1F91FF15FA00942B" author="Riaux-Gobin, C. &amp; Compere, P. &amp; Straub, F. &amp; Ector, L. &amp; Taxbock, L." box="[1164,1440,230,256]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" pagination="43 - 62" refId="ref18172" refString="Riaux-Gobin, C., Compere, P., Straub, F., Ector, L. &amp; Taxbock, L. (2017) Cocconeis voigtii F. Meister (Bacillariophyta) and other species from Meister's and Voigt's Nagasaki (Japan) material. Nova Hedwigia, Beihefte 146: 43 - 62. https: // doi. org / 10.1127 / 1438 - 9134 / 2017 / 043" type="journal article" year="2017">
Riaux-Gobin
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8FFFEA1E3BFF14FAFD942B" box="[1318,1373,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
). In the Seogwipo coast of
<collectingRegion id="9A0B46E0FF8FFFEA1AB9FEF9FE71940F" box="[420,465,266,292]" country="South Korea" name="Jeju" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Jeju</collectingRegion>
Island, rare in a single sample on seaweeds collected from a small rock pool; it is herein newly described for
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF8FFFEA1A70FEDDFE5E9462" box="[365,510,302,329]" name="South Korea" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">South Korea</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<heading id="03383F6EFF89FFEC1B95FB76FD3191B4" bold="true" box="[136,657,1157,1184]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" reason="1">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF89FFEC1B95FB76FD3191B4" bold="true" box="[136,657,1157,1184]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">
1.
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF89FFEC1BB9FB75FE5891B4" authority="Meister" authorityName="Meister" authorityYear="1937" box="[164,504,1157,1184]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="callosa">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF89FFEC1BB9FB75FEBA918B" bold="true" box="[164,282,1158,1184]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Cocconeis</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF89FFEC1A58FB76FE36918B" bold="true" box="[325,406,1157,1184]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">callosa</emphasis>
Meister
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="C0F49487FF89FFEC191AFB76FD2991B4" box="[519,649,1157,1183]" captionStart="FIGURES 77–83" captionStartId="15.[136,243,1910,1932]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,190,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-15@15.[151,1436,190,1886]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 77–83. LM micrographs of Cocconeis species (6). Figs 77, 78. Cocconeis heteroidea, RV (Fig. 77) and SV (Fig. 78). Figs 79–83. C. cf. callosa, RVs (Figs 79, 82) and SVs (Figs 80, 81, 83). Scale bar = 10 μm (Figs 77–83)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788099" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788099/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Figs 79–83</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF89FFEC1B95FB3CFD139022" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="58708802FF89FFEC1B95FB3CFDEA91CE" blockId="3.[136,691,1231,1289]" box="[136,586,1231,1254]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF89FFEC1B95FB3CFF5591CE" bold="true" box="[136,245,1231,1253]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Basionym:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF89FFEC1BE6FB23FEDD91CE" author="Meister, F." box="[251,381,1232,1254]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" pagination="258 - 276" refId="ref17015" refString="Meister, F. (1937) Seltene und neue Kieselalgen. II. Berichte der Schweizerischen Botanischen Gesellschaft (Zurich) 47: 258 - 276, 11 pls." type="journal article" year="1937">Meister 1937</bibRefCitation>
, p. 266, pl. 8, fig. 11.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="58708802FF89FFEC1B95FB00FD139022" blockId="3.[136,691,1231,1289]" box="[136,691,1267,1289]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF89FFEC1B95FB00FF569022" bold="true" box="[136,246,1267,1289]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Reference:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF89FFEC1BE1FB00FE489023" author="Riaux-Gobin, C. &amp; Compere, P. &amp; Straub, F. &amp; Ector, L. &amp; Taxbock, L." box="[252,488,1267,1289]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" pagination="43 - 62" refId="ref18172" refString="Riaux-Gobin, C., Compere, P., Straub, F., Ector, L. &amp; Taxbock, L. (2017) Cocconeis voigtii F. Meister (Bacillariophyta) and other species from Meister's and Voigt's Nagasaki (Japan) material. Nova Hedwigia, Beihefte 146: 43 - 62. https: // doi. org / 10.1127 / 1438 - 9134 / 2017 / 043" type="journal article" year="2017">
Riaux-Gobin
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF89FFEC1A9DFB07FE109023" box="[384,432,1267,1289]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 57, figs 9, 44–51.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF89FFEC1B95FAC6FD3E9308" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" type="description">
<paragraph id="58708802FF89FFEC1B95FAC6FD3E9308" blockId="3.[136,1452,1333,1747]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF89FFEC1B95FAC6FEBC9064" bold="true" box="[136,284,1333,1359]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Description:</emphasis>
Valves rather circular, 27–54 μm long, 21–49 μm wide. SV: sternum narrow and bent in opposite directions at the apices, forming a distinct sigmoid curvature. Central area not developed, but only a few areolae missing in the middle to form a small hyaline space. Transapical striae radiate in the middle and strongly radiate towards the apices,
<quantity id="9F3725E7FF89FFEC1B95FA6CFF4E9092" box="[136,238,1439,1466]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.556" metricValueMax="3.81" metricValueMin="3.302" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" unit="in" value="14.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="13.0">13–15 in</quantity>
10 μm, formed by coarse areolae, with 10–11 areolae in 10 μm of stria. RV: raphe and sternum strongly sigmoid, with opposite curvatures of the terminal ends, both ends of raphe and sternum distant from the apices. Central area extended transversely in a narrow hyaline area not reaching the margins. Transapical striae,
<quantity id="9F3725E7FF89FFEC1FEDFA15FAF6932B" box="[1264,1366,1510,1536]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.429" metricValueMax="3.556" metricValueMin="3.302" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" unit="in" value="13.5" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="13.0">13–14 in</quantity>
10 μm distinctly areolae, with
<quantity id="9F3725E7FF89FFEC1A92F9FAFE529308" box="[399,498,1545,1571]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.556" metricValueMax="4.064" metricValueMin="3.048" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" unit="in" value="14.0" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="12.0">12–16 in</quantity>
10 μm of stria.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF89FFEC1BA0F9DFFEBC93F8" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="58708802FF89FFEC1BA0F9DFFEBC93F8" blockId="3.[136,1452,1333,1747]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF89FFEC1BA0F9DFFE94936D" bold="true" box="[189,308,1580,1606]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Remarks:</emphasis>
Although there was no
<typeStatus id="877436A0FF89FFEC1924F9DEFDC9936C" box="[569,617,1581,1607]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">type</typeStatus>
specimen of the species, and the morphology of RV was not even described in the original statement,
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF89FFEC1AAEF9BCFD409342" author="Riaux-Gobin, C. &amp; Compere, P. &amp; Straub, F. &amp; Ector, L. &amp; Taxbock, L." box="[435,736,1615,1641]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" pagination="43 - 62" refId="ref18172" refString="Riaux-Gobin, C., Compere, P., Straub, F., Ector, L. &amp; Taxbock, L. (2017) Cocconeis voigtii F. Meister (Bacillariophyta) and other species from Meister's and Voigt's Nagasaki (Japan) material. Nova Hedwigia, Beihefte 146: 43 - 62. https: // doi. org / 10.1127 / 1438 - 9134 / 2017 / 043" type="journal article" year="2017">
Riaux-Gobin
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF89FFEC194DF9A3FD2B9342" box="[592,651,1615,1641]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">et al.</emphasis>
(2017)
</bibRefCitation>
searched the Meister’s collections, and erected
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF89FFEC1E0DF9A3FF7993A7" authorityName="Meister" authorityYear="1937" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="callosa">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF89FFEC1E0DF9A3FA259341" box="[1296,1413,1616,1642]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Cocconeis</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF89FFEC1B95F981FF7993A7" box="[136,217,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">callosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a legitimate taxon. This species has only been reported from the
<typeStatus id="877436A0FF89FFEC18F0F980FBBD93A6" box="[1005,1053,1651,1677]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">type</typeStatus>
locality,
<collectingRegion id="9A0B46E0FF89FFEC1F95F981FB5093A7" box="[1160,1264,1650,1676]" country="Japan" name="Nagasaki" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Nagasaki</collectingRegion>
in
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF89FFEC1E04F980FAFC93A6" box="[1305,1372,1651,1677]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Japan</collectingCountry>
. In the Seogwipo coast of
<collectingRegion id="9A0B46E0FF89FFEC1A79F965FE31939B" box="[356,401,1686,1712]" country="South Korea" name="Jeju" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Jeju</collectingRegion>
Island, very rare as epiphytes from a small rock pool (St. 2), representing a new record for
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF89FFEC1B95F94AFEB893F8" box="[136,280,1721,1747]" name="South Korea" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">South Korea</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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168
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<paragraph id="58708802FF8CFFE91B95F871FD0192B7" blockId="6.[136,673,1922,1949]" box="[136,673,1922,1949]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">
<heading id="03383F6EFF8CFFE91B95F871FD0192B7" bold="true" box="[136,673,1922,1949]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" reason="1">
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9.
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<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8CFFE91BB9F871FEDB92B6" bold="true" box="[164,379,1922,1949]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">Cocconeis delicata</emphasis>
A. Schmidt
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="C0F49487FF8CFFE9190AF871FD3992B7" box="[535,665,1922,1948]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–44" captionStartId="7.[136,243,1911,1933]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,190,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-15@7.[151,1436,190,1887]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 25–44. LM micrographs of Cocconeis species (2). Figs 25, 26. Cocconeis cf. diruptoides, RV (Fig. 25) and SV (Fig. 26). Figs 27–32. C. dirupta var. dirupta, SVs (Figs 27–31) and RV (Fig. 32). Figs 33–37. C. dirupta var. flexella, SVs (Figs 34–36) and RVs (Figs 33, 37). Figs 38–41. C. delicata, RVs (Figs 38) and SVs (Figs 39, 40, 41). Figs 42–44. C. convexa, SVs (Figs 42, 43) and RV (Fig. 44). Scale bar = 10 μm (Figs 25–44)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788083/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">Figs 38–41</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF8CFFE91B95F83DFB859D2C" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="58708802FF8CFFE91B95F83DFDC492C8" blockId="6.[136,1061,1998,2056]" box="[136,612,1998,2020]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8CFFE91B95F83DFF5592CF" bold="true" box="[136,245,1998,2020]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">Basionym:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF8CFFE91BE6F83DFE6592CF" author="Schmidt, A." box="[251,453,1998,2020]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" pagination="193 - 196" refId="ref18873" refString="Schmidt, A. (1894 b) Atlas der Diatomaceen-kunde. Leipzig. O. R. Reisland Series V (Heft 49), pls. 193 - 196." type="journal article" year="1894">
Schmidt
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8CFFE91A4CF83DFE2292C8" box="[337,386,1998,2019]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">et al.</emphasis>
1894b
</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 196, fig. 24.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="58708802FF8CFFE91B95F801FB859D2C" blockId="6.[136,1061,1998,2056]" box="[136,1061,2034,2056]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8CFFE91B95F801FF5F9D23" bold="true" box="[136,255,2034,2056]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">References:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF8CFFE91A1BF801FE169D2C" author="Suzuki, H. &amp; Abe, Y. &amp; Fujita, D. &amp; Nagumo, T." box="[262,438,2034,2056]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" pagination="27 - 37" refId="ref19322" refString="Suzuki, H., Abe, Y., Fujita, D. &amp; Nagumo, T. (2007) Attached diatoms occurring in the aquaculture facility in Kochi Prefectural Deep Seawater Laboratory. Deep Ocean Water Research 8: 27 - 37. [in Japanese] https: // doi. org / 10.11174 / dowas 2000.8.1 _ 27" type="journal article" year="2007">
Suzuki
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8CFFE91A53F801FEDF9D2C" box="[334,383,2034,2055]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">et al.</emphasis>
2007
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 38, figs 15, 16;
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF8CFFE91972F801FCFA9D2C" author="Riaux-Gobin, C. &amp; Compere, P. &amp; Straub, F. &amp; Ector, L. &amp; Taxbock, L." box="[623,858,2034,2056]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" pagination="43 - 62" refId="ref18172" refString="Riaux-Gobin, C., Compere, P., Straub, F., Ector, L. &amp; Taxbock, L. (2017) Cocconeis voigtii F. Meister (Bacillariophyta) and other species from Meister's and Voigt's Nagasaki (Japan) material. Nova Hedwigia, Beihefte 146: 43 - 62. https: // doi. org / 10.1127 / 1438 - 9134 / 2017 / 043" type="journal article" year="2017">
Riaux-Gobin
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8CFFE919EFF801FC839D2C" box="[754,803,2034,2055]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 52, figs 8, 34–38.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="0CB0D88AFF8DFFE81B95F884FE6092D2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788083" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5788083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788083/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="156" startId="7.[136,243,1911,1933]" targetBox="[156,1436,190,1887]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="58708802FF8DFFE81B95F884FE6092D2" blockId="7.[136,1452,1911,2041]" pageId="7" pageNumber="156">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8DFFE81B95F884FE9592A7" bold="true" box="[136,309,1911,1933]" pageId="7" pageNumber="156">FIGURES 25–44</emphasis>
. LM micrographs of
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF8DFFE8191FF88BFD1192A6" box="[514,689,1911,1933]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="7" pageNumber="156" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8DFFE8191FF88BFDC692A6" box="[514,614,1912,1933]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="156">Cocconeis</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
(2). Figs 25, 26.
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF8DFFE8184BF88BFC1A92A6" box="[854,954,1912,1933]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="7" pageNumber="156" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8DFFE8184BF88BFC1A92A6" box="[854,954,1912,1933]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="156">Cocconeis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cf.
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8DFFE818C3F884FBEB92A7" box="[990,1099,1911,1932]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="156">diruptoides</emphasis>
, RV (Fig. 25) and SV (Fig. 26). Figs 27–32.
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF8DFFE81BCDF86FFE0A929B" authority="var. dirupta" box="[208,426,1947,1969]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="7" pageNumber="156" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="variety" species="dirupta" variety="dirupta">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8DFFE81BCDF86FFE94929B" box="[208,308,1947,1969]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="156">C. dirupta</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8DFFE81A7EF868FE0A929B" box="[355,426,1947,1968]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="156">dirupta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, SVs (Figs 27–31) and RV (Fig. 32). Figs 33–37.
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF8DFFE81891F86FFBC6929B" box="[908,1126,1947,1969]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="7" pageNumber="156" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="variety" species="dirupta" variety="flexella">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8DFFE81891F86FFC50929B" box="[908,1008,1947,1969]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="156">C. dirupta</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8DFFE81F02F868FBC6929B" box="[1055,1126,1947,1968]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="156">flexella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, SVs (Figs 34–36) and RVs (Figs 33, 37). Figs 38–41.
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF8DFFE81A4FF833FE1C92FF" box="[338,444,1983,2005]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="7" pageNumber="156" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="delicata">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8DFFE81A4FF833FE1C92FF" box="[338,444,1983,2005]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="156">C. delicata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, RVs (Figs 38) and SVs (Figs 39, 40, 41). Figs 42–44.
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF8DFFE818CAF833FBE392FE" box="[983,1091,1984,2005]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="7" pageNumber="156" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="convexa">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8DFFE818CAF833FBE392FE" box="[983,1091,1984,2005]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="156">C. convexa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, SVs (Figs 42, 43) and RV (Fig. 44). Scale bar = 10 μm (Figs 25–44).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF82FFE71B95FF6EFDDB9463" pageId="8" pageNumber="157" type="description">
<paragraph id="58708802FF82FFE71B95FF6EFDDB9463" blockId="8.[136,1452,157,508]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF82FFE71B95FF6EFEBC959C" bold="true" box="[136,284,157,183]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">Description:</emphasis>
Valves elliptical, 21–35 μm long, 14–25 μm wide. SV: sternum elliptical, central area not developed. Transapical striae radiate towards the apices, crossed by hyaline and zigzag longitudinal rows,
<quantity id="9F3725E7FF82FFE71FFBFF31FAED95F7" box="[1254,1357,194,220]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" metricValueMax="5.588" metricValueMin="4.572" pageId="8" pageNumber="157" unit="in" value="20.0" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="18.0">18–22 in</quantity>
10 μm, areolae on a stria transversely elongated,
<quantity id="9F3725E7FF82FFE71979FF15FD1A942B" box="[612,698,230,256]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" metricValueMax="2.794" metricValueMin="2.286" pageId="8" pageNumber="157" unit="in" value="10.0" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="9.0">9–11 in</quantity>
10 μm. RV: raphe weakly sigmoid, sternum very narrow. Central area transversely hyaline, occupying the short width of the middle field. Transapical striae radiate towards the apices, 18–22, with 16–23 areolae in 10 μm of stria.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF82FFE71BA0FEA1FF7494D7" pageId="8" pageNumber="157" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="58708802FF82FFE71BA0FEA1FF7494D7" blockId="8.[136,1452,157,508]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF82FFE71BA0FEA1FE949447" bold="true" box="[189,308,338,364]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">Remarks:</emphasis>
This species was originally identified from Yokohama materials by
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF82FFE71F23FEA1FAE09446" author="Schmidt, A." box="[1086,1344,338,365]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157" pagination="193 - 196" refId="ref18873" refString="Schmidt, A. (1894 b) Atlas der Diatomaceen-kunde. Leipzig. O. R. Reisland Series V (Heft 49), pls. 193 - 196." type="journal article" year="1894">
Schmidt
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF82FFE71FB9FEA0FB7D9447" box="[1188,1245,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">et al.</emphasis>
(1894b)
</bibRefCitation>
, but very few examples have been reported since.
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF82FFE7194CFE85FD5894BA" author="Meister, F." box="[593,760,374,401]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157" pagination="87 - 108" refId="ref16987" refString="Meister, F. (1935) Seltene und neue Kieselalgen. I. Berichte der Schweizerischen Botanischen Gesellschaft (Zurich) 4: 87 - 108." type="journal article" year="1935">Meister (1935)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF82FFE7182DFE85FBB194BB" author="Suzuki, H. &amp; Abe, Y. &amp; Fujita, D. &amp; Nagumo, T." box="[816,1041,374,400]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157" pagination="27 - 37" refId="ref19322" refString="Suzuki, H., Abe, Y., Fujita, D. &amp; Nagumo, T. (2007) Attached diatoms occurring in the aquaculture facility in Kochi Prefectural Deep Seawater Laboratory. Deep Ocean Water Research 8: 27 - 37. [in Japanese] https: // doi. org / 10.11174 / dowas 2000.8.1 _ 27" type="journal article" year="2007">
Suzuki
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF82FFE7189BFE84FC1F94BB" box="[902,959,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">et al.</emphasis>
(2007)
</bibRefCitation>
reported this species on the coast of
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF82FFE71B95FE69FF6B949F" box="[136,203,410,436]" name="Japan" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">Japan</collectingCountry>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF82FFE71A1AFE69FD8C949F" author="Riaux-Gobin, C. &amp; Compere, P. &amp; Straub, F. &amp; Ector, L. &amp; Taxbock, L." box="[263,556,410,436]" pageId="8" pageNumber="157" pagination="43 - 62" refId="ref18172" refString="Riaux-Gobin, C., Compere, P., Straub, F., Ector, L. &amp; Taxbock, L. (2017) Cocconeis voigtii F. Meister (Bacillariophyta) and other species from Meister's and Voigt's Nagasaki (Japan) material. Nova Hedwigia, Beihefte 146: 43 - 62. https: // doi. org / 10.1127 / 1438 - 9134 / 2017 / 043" type="journal article" year="2017">
Riaux-Gobin
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF82FFE71ABCFE68FE7A949F" box="[417,474,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">et al.</emphasis>
(2017)
</bibRefCitation>
described the species in detail, using materials obtained from
<collectingRegion id="9A0B46E0FF82FFE71FF3FE69FAF9949F" box="[1262,1369,410,436]" country="Japan" name="Nagasaki" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">Nagasaki</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF82FFE71E78FE69FA08949F" box="[1381,1448,410,436]" name="Japan" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">Japan</collectingCountry>
. The species was rarely encountered along the Seogwipo coast of
<collectingRegion id="9A0B46E0FF82FFE7186FFE4DFC3F94F3" box="[882,927,446,472]" country="South Korea" name="Jeju" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">Jeju</collectingRegion>
Island. It is herein newly described for
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF82FFE71E77FE4DFF7094D7" name="South Korea" pageId="8" pageNumber="157">South Korea</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

102
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<mods:title id="3A7F2BE8829E5FB6DF74A4E292124DA1">Distribution of the genus Cocconeis (Bacillariophyceae) along the Seogwipo coast of Jeju Island, South Korea</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF8CFFE91B95FA5DFCD290E3" box="[136,882,1454,1481]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="58708802FF8CFFE91B95FA5DFCD290E3" blockId="6.[136,882,1454,1481]" box="[136,882,1454,1481]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">
<heading id="03383F6EFF8CFFE91B95FA5DFCD290E3" bold="true" box="[136,882,1454,1481]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" reason="1">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8CFFE91B95FA5DFCD290E3" bold="true" box="[136,882,1454,1481]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">
8.
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF8CFFE91BB9FA5DFD7A90E3" authority="Riaux-Gobin" authorityName="Riaux-Gobin" box="[164,730,1454,1481]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="variety" species="cyclophora" variety="meisteri">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8CFFE91BB9FA5DFE0190E2" bold="true" box="[164,417,1454,1481]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">Cocconeis cyclophora</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8CFFE91AC1FA5DFD9890E3" bold="true" box="[476,568,1454,1480]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">meisteri</emphasis>
Riaux-Gobin
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="C0F49487FF8CFFE919F4FA5DFCCA90E3" box="[745,874,1454,1480]" captionStart="FIGURES 57–68" captionStartId="11.[136,243,1902,1924]" captionTargetBox="[155,1436,190,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-15@11.[151,1436,190,1878]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 57–68. LM micrographs of Cocconeis species (4). Figs 57–61. Cocconeis suzukii, RVs (Figs 57, 59) and SVs (Figs 58, 60, 61) (Figs 57 and 58, 59 and 60, complete valves) Figs 62, 63. C. cyclophora var. meisteri, SV. Fig. 64. C. cyclophora var. decora, SV. Figs 65–68. C. voigtii, RVs (Figs 65, 68) and SVs (Figs 66, 67). Scale bar = 10 μm (Figs 57–68)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788091/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">Figs 62, 63</figureCitation>
)
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF8CFFE91B95FA09FD3A933B" box="[136,666,1530,1552]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="58708802FF8CFFE91B95FA09FD3A933B" blockId="6.[136,666,1530,1552]" box="[136,666,1530,1552]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8CFFE91B95FA09FF55933B" bold="true" box="[136,245,1530,1552]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">Basionym:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF8CFFE91BE6FA09FE479324" author="Riaux-Gobin, C. &amp; Compere, P. &amp; Straub, F. &amp; Ector, L. &amp; Taxbock, L." box="[251,487,1530,1552]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" pagination="43 - 62" refId="ref18172" refString="Riaux-Gobin, C., Compere, P., Straub, F., Ector, L. &amp; Taxbock, L. (2017) Cocconeis voigtii F. Meister (Bacillariophyta) and other species from Meister's and Voigt's Nagasaki (Japan) material. Nova Hedwigia, Beihefte 146: 43 - 62. https: // doi. org / 10.1127 / 1438 - 9134 / 2017 / 043" type="journal article" year="2017">
Riaux-Gobin
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8CFFE91A62FA09FE109324" box="[383,432,1530,1551]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 58, figs 55–58.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF8CFFE91B95F9CDFD1293C3" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" type="description">
<paragraph id="58708802FF8CFFE91B95F9CDFD1293C3" blockId="6.[136,1452,1598,1877]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8CFFE91B95F9CDFEBC9373" bold="true" box="[136,284,1598,1624]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">Description:</emphasis>
Valves elliptical to linear-elliptical, 22–24 μm long, 12–13 μm wide. SV: sternum broad, slightly sigmoid and enlarged between the center and ends of valve. A large ocellus in the middle on one side of the valve. Transapical striae radiate towards the apices,
<quantity id="9F3725E7FF8CFFE91918F975FDE0938B" box="[517,576,1670,1696]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.096" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" unit="in" value="24.0">24 in</quantity>
10 μm, with 23 areolae in 10 μm of stria, a few small hyaline areas lacking areolae on each side of the sternum near the margins, a large hyaline area in the middle connected to the sternum. RV: a complete frustule observed with sigmoid raphe.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF8CFFE91BA0F901FDA2927E" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="58708802FF8CFFE91BA0F901FDA2927E" blockId="6.[136,1452,1598,1877]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8CFFE91BA0F901FE949227" bold="true" box="[189,308,1778,1804]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">Remarks:</emphasis>
This taxon was reported from the
<typeStatus id="877436A0FF8CFFE919B0F900FD7D9226" box="[685,733,1779,1805]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">type</typeStatus>
locality,
<collectingRegion id="9A0B46E0FF8CFFE9185FF901FC0A9227" box="[834,938,1778,1804]" country="Japan" name="Nagasaki" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">Nagasaki</collectingRegion>
of
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF8CFFE918D0F900FBAD9226" box="[973,1037,1779,1805]" name="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF8CFFE91F07F901FA8E9227" author="Riaux-Gobin, C. &amp; Compere, P. &amp; Straub, F. &amp; Ector, L. &amp; Taxbock, L." box="[1050,1326,1778,1804]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" pagination="43 - 62" refId="ref18172" refString="Riaux-Gobin, C., Compere, P., Straub, F., Ector, L. &amp; Taxbock, L. (2017) Cocconeis voigtii F. Meister (Bacillariophyta) and other species from Meister's and Voigt's Nagasaki (Japan) material. Nova Hedwigia, Beihefte 146: 43 - 62. https: // doi. org / 10.1127 / 1438 - 9134 / 2017 / 043" type="journal article" year="2017">
Riaux-Gobin
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8CFFE91FA9F900FB4B9227" box="[1204,1259,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
).Along the Seogwipo coast of
<collectingRegion id="9A0B46E0FF8CFFE91A41F8E5FE29921B" box="[348,393,1814,1840]" country="South Korea" name="Jeju" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">Jeju</collectingRegion>
Island, it was encountered a few times in seaweeds collected from small rock pools; it is herein newly described for
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF8CFFE91A70F8C9FE5E927E" box="[365,510,1850,1877]" name="South Korea" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">South Korea</collectingCountry>
.
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137
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7.
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<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8CFFE91BB9FC61FE019686" bold="true" box="[164,417,914,941]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">Cocconeis cyclophora</emphasis>
var.
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A. Schmidt
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(
<figureCitation id="C0F49487FF8CFFE919D9FC61FCB79687" box="[708,791,914,940]" captionStart="FIGURES 57–68" captionStartId="11.[136,243,1902,1924]" captionTargetBox="[155,1436,190,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-15@11.[151,1436,190,1878]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 57–68. LM micrographs of Cocconeis species (4). Figs 57–61. Cocconeis suzukii, RVs (Figs 57, 59) and SVs (Figs 58, 60, 61) (Figs 57 and 58, 59 and 60, complete valves) Figs 62, 63. C. cyclophora var. meisteri, SV. Fig. 64. C. cyclophora var. decora, SV. Figs 65–68. C. voigtii, RVs (Figs 65, 68) and SVs (Figs 66, 67). Scale bar = 10 μm (Figs 57–68)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788091/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">Fig. 64</figureCitation>
)
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<paragraph id="58708802FF8CFFE91B95FC2DFDC696D8" blockId="6.[136,1054,990,1048]" box="[136,614,990,1012]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8CFFE91B95FC2DFF5596DF" bold="true" box="[136,245,990,1012]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">Basionym:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF8CFFE91BE6FC2DFE1996DF" author="Schmidt, A." box="[251,441,990,1012]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" pagination="197 - 200" refId="ref18905" refString="Schmidt, A. (1895) Atlas der Diatomaceen-kunde. Leipzig. O. R. Reisland Series V (Heft 50), pls. 197 - 200." type="journal article" year="1895">
Schmidt
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8CFFE91A4CFC2DFE2296D8" box="[337,386,990,1011]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">et al.</emphasis>
1895
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, pl. 198, figs 1–3.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8CFFE91B95FBF1FF5F9133" bold="true" box="[136,255,1026,1048]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">References:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF8CFFE91A1BFBF1FE35913C" author="Wu, R. &amp; Lan, D. &amp; Fang, Q. &amp; Chen, C. &amp; Lan, B. &amp; Sun, L. &amp; Gao, Y. &amp; Gao, Y." box="[262,405,1026,1047]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" pagination="766 - 777" refId="ref20105" refString="Wu, R., Lan, D., Fang, Q., Chen, C., Lan, B., Sun, L., Gao, Y. &amp; Gao, Y. (2012) First record of genera Rutilaria and Trigonium (Bacillariophyta) and 11 diatom taxa (species and varieties) in South China Sea. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 30: 766 - 777. https: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00343 - 012 - 1180 - 1" type="journal article" year="2012">
Wu
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8CFFE91A30FBF1FEFE913C" box="[301,350,1026,1047]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 771, pl. 1, fig. e;
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF8CFFE91941FBF1FCE7913C" author="Riaux-Gobin, C. &amp; Compere, P. &amp; Straub, F. &amp; Ector, L. &amp; Taxbock, L." box="[604,839,1026,1048]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" pagination="43 - 62" refId="ref18172" refString="Riaux-Gobin, C., Compere, P., Straub, F., Ector, L. &amp; Taxbock, L. (2017) Cocconeis voigtii F. Meister (Bacillariophyta) and other species from Meister's and Voigt's Nagasaki (Japan) material. Nova Hedwigia, Beihefte 146: 43 - 62. https: // doi. org / 10.1127 / 1438 - 9134 / 2017 / 043" type="journal article" year="2017">
Riaux-Gobin
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8CFFE919C2FBF1FCB0913C" box="[735,784,1026,1047]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 58, figs 19, 52–54.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8CFFE91B95FBB5FEBC914B" bold="true" box="[136,284,1094,1120]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">Description:</emphasis>
Valves elliptical, 33–40 μm long, 20–22 μm wide. SV: sternum sigmoid and enlarged between the middle and ends of the valve. A large ocellus in the middle on one side of valve. Transapical striae coarse and radiate towards the apices,
<quantity id="9F3725E7FF8CFFE91A19FB7DFEC69183" box="[260,358,1166,1192]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.096" metricValueMax="6.604" metricValueMin="5.588" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" unit="in" value="24.0" valueMax="26.0" valueMin="22.0">22–26 in</quantity>
10 μm, with 17–18 areolae in 10 μm of stria. Three elliptical hyaline areas lacking areolae on each side of the sternum, the hyaline area in the middle connected to the sternum. No RV observed.
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<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8CFFE91BA0FB25FE9491DB" bold="true" box="[189,308,1238,1264]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">Remarks:</emphasis>
The
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reported from the
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locality, Yokohama of
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(
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF8CFFE91F79FB25FAEE91DA" author="Schmidt, A." box="[1124,1358,1238,1265]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" pagination="197 - 200" refId="ref18905" refString="Schmidt, A. (1895) Atlas der Diatomaceen-kunde. Leipzig. O. R. Reisland Series V (Heft 50), pls. 197 - 200." type="journal article" year="1895">
Schmidt
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8CFFE91FD3FB24FAA991DB" box="[1230,1289,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">et al.</emphasis>
1895
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). It was found in sediments collected from the
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deep bottom surface of the South
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Sea (
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Wu
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8CFFE91FCEFB08FAAC903F" box="[1235,1292,1274,1300]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">et al.</emphasis>
2012
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), and in marine benthic materials from
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of
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF8CFFE9196EFAECFD139012" box="[627,691,1311,1337]" name="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">Japan</collectingCountry>
through F. Meister’s collections (
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Riaux-Gobin
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8CFFE91FD6FAECFAA49013" box="[1227,1284,1310,1336]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">et al.</emphasis>
2017
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). During the survey at Seogwipo coast of
<collectingRegion id="9A0B46E0FF8CFFE91AEFFAB1FDBF9077" box="[498,543,1346,1372]" country="South Korea" name="Jeju" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">Jeju</collectingRegion>
Island, this taxon was encountered twice as epiphytes in small rock pools (St. 2); it is herein newly described for
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF8CFFE91AF6FA95FDDB90AA" box="[491,635,1382,1409]" name="South Korea" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">South Korea</collectingCountry>
.
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<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8CFFE91B95FEF9FDFA940F" bold="true" box="[136,602,266,293]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">
6.
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF8CFFE91BB9FEF9FE7E940F" authority="Gregory" authorityName="Gregory" box="[164,478,266,293]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="costata">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8CFFE91BB9FEF9FED2940E" bold="true" box="[164,370,266,293]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">Cocconeis costata</emphasis>
Gregory
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="C0F49487FF8CFFE91AF1FEF9FDF2940F" box="[492,594,266,292]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–24" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1880,1902]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-23@4.[151,1436,190,1855]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3–24. LM micrographs of Cocconeis species (1). Figs 3–5. Cocconeis stauroneiformis, RV (Fig. 3) and SVs (Figs 4, 5). Figs 6–8. C. costata, SVs (Figs 6, 7) and RV (Fig. 8). Figs 9–11. C. capensis, SVs. Figs 12–19. C. distans, SVs (Figs 12, 15, 17–19) and RVs (Figs 13, 14, 16) (Figs 14 and 15, 16 and 17, complete valve). Figs 20, 21. C. pelta, SV (Fig. 20) and RV (Fig. 21). Fig. 22. C. cf. pinnata, SV. Figs 23, 24. C. clandestina, SVs. Scale bar = 10 μm (Figs 3–24)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788081/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">Figs 6–8</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF8CFFE91B95FEA5FA0694BB" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="58708802FF8CFFE91B95FEA5FDE59440" blockId="6.[136,1446,342,400]" box="[136,581,342,364]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8CFFE91B95FEA5FF559447" bold="true" box="[136,245,342,364]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">Basionym:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF8CFFE91BE6FEA5FE239447" author="Gregory, W." box="[251,387,342,364]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" pagination="30 - 43" refId="ref15474" refString="Gregory, W. (1855) On a post-Tertiary lacustrine sand, containing Diatomaceous exuviae from, Glenshira, near Inverary. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, London 3: 30 - 43, pl. IV. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 64234" type="journal article" year="1855">Gregory 1855</bibRefCitation>
, p. 39, pl. 4, fig. 10.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="58708802FF8CFFE91B95FE89FA0694BB" blockId="6.[136,1446,342,400]" box="[136,1446,378,400]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8CFFE91B95FE89FF5F94BB" bold="true" box="[136,255,378,400]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">References:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF8CFFE91A1BFE89FE2894A4" author="Hustedt, F." box="[262,392,378,400]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" pagination="781 - 880" refId="ref15927" refString="Hustedt, F. (1933) Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Osterreichs und der Schweiz unter Berucksichtigung der ubrigen Lander Europas sowie der angrenzenden Meeresgebiete. In: Rabenhorst, L. (Ed.) Kryptogamen Flora von Deutschland, Osterreich und der Schweiz. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft m. b. h. Leipzig 7 (Teil 2, Lief. 3): 321 - 432, figs 781 - 880." type="journal article" year="1933">Hustedt 1933</bibRefCitation>
, p. 332, fig. 785;
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF8CFFE9192FFE89FCB694BB" author="Romero, O. E. &amp; Rivera, P." box="[562,790,378,400]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" pagination="317 - 343" refId="ref18510" refString="Romero, O. E. &amp; Rivera, P. (1996) Morphology and taxonomy of three varieties of Cocconeis costata and C. pinnata (Bacillariophyceae) with considerations of Pleuroneis. Diatom Research 11: 317 - 343. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0269249 X. 1996.9705388" type="journal article" year="1996">Romero &amp; Rivera 1996</bibRefCitation>
, p. 321, figs 2–16;
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF8CFFE918D3FE89FB0494A4" author="Witkowski, A. &amp; Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D." box="[974,1188,378,400]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" refId="ref20057" refString="Witkowski, A., Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D. (2000) Diatom flora of marine coasts I. Iconographia Diatomologica Vol. 7. A. R. G. Ganter Verlag K. G., Ruggell. 925 pp." type="book" year="2000">
Witkowski
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8CFFE91F21FE89FBCD94A4" box="[1084,1133,378,399]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 104, pl. 38, figs 36–38.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF8CFFE91B95FE4DFF5497A6" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" type="description">
<paragraph id="58708802FF8CFFE91B95FE4DFF5497A6" blockId="6.[136,1452,446,869]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8CFFE91B95FE4DFEBC94F3" bold="true" box="[136,284,446,472]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">Description:</emphasis>
Valves elliptical to linear-elliptical, 8–19 μm long, 5–8 μm wide. SV: sternum narrow and linear. Central area not developed. Transapical striae parallel in the middle, radiate towards the apices, biseriate to triseriate,
<quantity id="9F3725E7FF8CFFE91E4BFE11FA0C94D7" box="[1366,1452,482,508]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.413" metricValueMax="2.54" metricValueMin="2.286" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" unit="in" value="9.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="9.0">9–10 in</quantity>
10 μm, but pluriseriae on a stria unresolvable in LM. RV: raphe straight, the central ends of raphe expanded externally, but slightly deflected in opposite directions internally; sternum very narrow. Central area transversely expanded as hyaline fascia up to the margins. Transapical striae biseriate, parallel in the middle, radiate towards the apices,
<quantity id="9F3725E7FF8CFFE91E78FDBDFF3E97A7" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.683" metricValueMax="3.81" metricValueMin="3.556" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" unit="in" value="14.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="14.0">14–15 in</quantity>
10 μm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF8CFFE91BA0FD65FDEF964E" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="58708802FF8CFFE91BA0FD65FDEF964E" blockId="6.[136,1452,446,869]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8CFFE91BA0FD65FE94979B" bold="true" box="[189,308,662,688]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">Remarks:</emphasis>
This is ubiquitous or cosmopolitan taxon, occurring on the coasts from the Mediterranean to the northern Arctic Ocean (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF8CFFE91A8FFD49FD8E97FF" author="Hustedt, F." box="[402,558,698,724]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" pagination="781 - 880" refId="ref15927" refString="Hustedt, F. (1933) Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Osterreichs und der Schweiz unter Berucksichtigung der ubrigen Lander Europas sowie der angrenzenden Meeresgebiete. In: Rabenhorst, L. (Ed.) Kryptogamen Flora von Deutschland, Osterreich und der Schweiz. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft m. b. h. Leipzig 7 (Teil 2, Lief. 3): 321 - 432, figs 781 - 880." type="journal article" year="1933">Hustedt 1933</bibRefCitation>
), occurred frequently near
<collectingRegion id="9A0B46E0FF8CFFE9187DFD49FC3A97FF" box="[864,922,698,724]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">Cape</collectingRegion>
Town coast of
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF8CFFE91F54FD49FB7997FF" box="[1097,1241,698,724]" name="South Africa" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF8CFFE91FFAFD49FAD397FF" author="Giffen, M. H." box="[1255,1395,698,724]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" pagination="81 - 87" refId="ref15378" refString="Giffen, M. H. (1970) New and interesting marine and littoral diatoms from Sea Point, near Cape Town, South Africa. Botanica Marina 13: 81 - 87. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / botm. 1970.13.2.81" type="journal article" year="1970">Giffen 1970</bibRefCitation>
) and in the Kerguelen Islands of the southern Indian Ocean (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF8CFFE919E6FD2DFC7397D3" author="Riaux-Gobin, C." box="[763,979,734,760]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" pagination="135 - 146" refId="ref17784" refString="Riaux-Gobin, C. (1994) A check-list of the Cocconeis species (Bacillariophyceae) in Antarctic and Subantarctic areas, with special focus on Kerguelen Islands. Cryptogamie, Algologie 15: 135 - 146." type="journal article" year="1994">Riaux-Gobin 1994</bibRefCitation>
), along the Pacific Ocean coasts of
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF8CFFE91E75FD2DFA0797D3" box="[1384,1447,734,760]" name="Chile" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">Chile</collectingCountry>
, including parts of the Subarctic and Arctic (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF8CFFE91998FCF1FC3B9636" author="Romero, O. E. &amp; Rivera, P." box="[645,923,770,797]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" pagination="317 - 343" refId="ref18510" refString="Romero, O. E. &amp; Rivera, P. (1996) Morphology and taxonomy of three varieties of Cocconeis costata and C. pinnata (Bacillariophyceae) with considerations of Pleuroneis. Diatom Research 11: 317 - 343. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0269249 X. 1996.9705388" type="journal article" year="1996">Romero &amp; Rivera 1996</bibRefCitation>
), and in western Baltic Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF8CFFE91FF6FCF1FF65966B" author="Witkowski, A. &amp; Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D." pageId="6" pageNumber="155" refId="ref20057" refString="Witkowski, A., Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D. (2000) Diatom flora of marine coasts I. Iconographia Diatomologica Vol. 7. A. R. G. Ganter Verlag K. G., Ruggell. 925 pp." type="book" year="2000">
Witkowski
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8CFFE91E6DFCF0FA0C9637" box="[1392,1452,770,796]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
). Along the Seogwipo coast of
<collectingRegion id="9A0B46E0FF8CFFE9193AFCD5FDF4966B" box="[551,596,806,832]" country="South Korea" name="Jeju" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">Jeju</collectingRegion>
Island, it was rarely found as epiphytes on seaweeds of some samples; it is herein newly described for
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF8CFFE91AA7FCB9FDEB964E" box="[442,587,842,869]" name="South Korea" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">South Korea</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<heading id="03383F6EFF8FFFEA1B95FA5DFD7C90E3" bold="true" box="[136,732,1454,1481]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" reason="1">
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5.
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF8FFFEA1BB9FA5DFE7390E3" authority="Giffen" authorityName="Giffen" box="[164,467,1454,1481]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="convexa">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8FFFEA1BB9FA5DFE2090E2" bold="true" box="[164,384,1454,1481]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Cocconeis convexa</emphasis>
Giffen
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="C0F49487FF8FFFEA1AFFFA5DFDC490E3" box="[482,612,1454,1480]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–44" captionStartId="7.[136,243,1911,1933]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,190,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-15@7.[151,1436,190,1887]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 25–44. LM micrographs of Cocconeis species (2). Figs 25, 26. Cocconeis cf. diruptoides, RV (Fig. 25) and SV (Fig. 26). Figs 27–32. C. dirupta var. dirupta, SVs (Figs 27–31) and RV (Fig. 32). Figs 33–37. C. dirupta var. flexella, SVs (Figs 34–36) and RVs (Figs 33, 37). Figs 38–41. C. delicata, RVs (Figs 38) and SVs (Figs 39, 40, 41). Figs 42–44. C. convexa, SVs (Figs 42, 43) and RV (Fig. 44). Scale bar = 10 μm (Figs 25–44)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788083/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Figs 42–44</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="C0F49487FF8FFFEA196DFA5DFD7490E3" box="[624,724,1454,1480]" captionStart="FIGURES 100–105" captionStartId="22.[136,243,1909,1931]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,190,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-23@22.[151,1436,190,1885]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 100–105. SEM micrographs of Cocconeis species (10). Figs 100–102. Cocconeis convexa, the external view of SV (Fig. 100), the external view of RV (Fig. 101) and internal view of RV (Fig. 102). Figs 103, 104. C. stauroneiformis, the external views of SV. Fig. 105. Cocconeis conspicua, SV, the original drawing of Schmidt (1894b, pl.196, fig. 27). Scale bars = 1 μm (Fig. 103), 2 μm (Figs 100–102, 104), 10 μm (Fig. 105)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788113" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788113/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">100–102</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF8FFFEA1B95FA09FDA9937C" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="58708802FF8FFFEA1B95FA09FD91933B" blockId="5.[136,1452,1530,1624]" box="[136,561,1530,1552]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8FFFEA1B95FA09FF55933B" bold="true" box="[136,245,1530,1552]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Basionym:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF8FFFEA1BE6FA09FED2933B" author="Giffen, M. H." box="[251,370,1530,1552]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" pagination="245 - 292" refId="ref15326" refString="Giffen, M. H. (1967) Contributions to the diatom flora of South Africa III. Diatoms of the marine littoral regions at Kidd's Beach near east London, Cape Province, South Africa. Nova Hedwigia 13: 245 - 292, pls. 59 - 63." type="journal article" year="1967">Giffen 1967</bibRefCitation>
, p. 257, figs 26–28.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="58708802FF8FFFEA1B95F9EDFDA9937C" blockId="5.[136,1452,1530,1624]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8FFFEA1B95F9EDFF5F931F" bold="true" box="[136,255,1566,1588]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">References:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF8FFFEA1A1BF9EDFE7F9318" author="Witkowski, A. &amp; Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D." box="[262,479,1566,1588]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" refId="ref20057" refString="Witkowski, A., Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D. (2000) Diatom flora of marine coasts I. Iconographia Diatomologica Vol. 7. A. R. G. Ganter Verlag K. G., Ruggell. 925 pp." type="book" year="2000">
Witkowski
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8FFFEA1A6BF9ECFE079318" box="[374,423,1566,1588]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 104, pl. 37, figs 5, 6, pl. 41, figs 1–4; Suzuki 2001, p. 60, figs 1–35;
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF8FFFEA1FBFF9EDFA2E9318" author="Riaux-Gobin, C. &amp; Compere, P. &amp; Al-Handal, A. Y." box="[1186,1422,1566,1588]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" pagination="325 - 338" refId="ref17822" refString="Riaux-Gobin, C., Compere, P. &amp; Al-Handal, A. Y. (2011) Species of the Cocconeis peltoides group with a marginal row of unusual processes (Mascarenes and Kerguelen Islands, Indian Ocean). Diatom Research 26: 325 - 338. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0269249 X. 2011.639559" type="journal article" year="2011">
Riaux-Gobin
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8FFFEA1E3BF9ECFAF79318" box="[1318,1367,1566,1588]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 22, pl. 3, figs 1–5, pl. 32, figs 1–7.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF8FFFEA1B95F975FB9592B7" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" type="description">
<paragraph id="58708802FF8FFFEA1B95F975FB9592B7" blockId="5.[136,1452,1670,2093]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8FFFEA1B95F975FEBC938B" bold="true" box="[136,284,1670,1696]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Description:</emphasis>
Valves broadly elliptical to almost rhombic, 16–25 μm long, 12–18 μm wide. SV: sternum narrow and linear, and central area not developed. Transapical striae parallel at middle, strongly radiate towards the apices, and interrupted by many slightly undulate hyaline lines,
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10 μm. RV: raphe straight, the central ends of raphe slightly curved to the opposite directions, the terminal ends of the raphe distant from the apices without areolation and sternum narrow. Central area expanded transversely to less than half the hemivalve, and central nodule between the central raphe ends thickened. Under the LM, only the thickened central nodule highlighted, making the central area more narrow than it really is. Transapical striae parallel in the middle, strongly radiate towards the apices,
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10 μm of stria, often 1–2 striae in the middle of one side of the valve particularly short.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF8FFFE91BA0F855FACB95F6" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="155" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="58708802FF8FFFE91BA0F855FACB95F6" blockId="5.[136,1452,1670,2093]" lastBlockId="6.[136,1451,158,221]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="155" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8FFFEA1BA0F855FE9492EB" bold="true" box="[189,308,1958,1984]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Remarks:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF8FFFEA1A27F854FDB192EB" box="[314,529,1959,1985]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="convexa">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8FFFEA1A27F854FDB192EB" box="[314,529,1959,1985]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Cocconeis convexa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is pantropical, and described from the Pacific and Indian Oceans (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF8FFFEA1FEFF855FF6492CF" author="Witkowski, A. &amp; Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D." pageId="5" pageNumber="154" refId="ref20057" refString="Witkowski, A., Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D. (2000) Diatom flora of marine coasts I. Iconographia Diatomologica Vol. 7. A. R. G. Ganter Verlag K. G., Ruggell. 925 pp." type="book" year="2000">
Witkowski
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8FFFEA1E69F854FA0C92EB" box="[1396,1452,1958,1984]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF8FFFEA1BC5F839FEBC92CF" box="[216,284,1994,2020]" name="Guam" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Guam</collectingCountry>
in the western Pacific Ocean (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF8FFFEA1964F839FC3692CF" author="Navarro, J. N. &amp; Lobban, C. S." box="[633,918,1994,2020]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" pagination="123 - 157" refId="ref17207" refString="Navarro, J. N. &amp; Lobban, C. S. (2009) Freshwater and marine diatoms from the western Pacific islands of Yap and Guam, with notes on some diatoms in damselfish territories. Diatom Research 24: 123 - 157. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0269249 X. 2009.9705787" type="journal article" year="2009">Navarro &amp; Lobban 2009</bibRefCitation>
), Réunion and Rodrigues in the western Indian Ocean (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF8FFFEA1BC3F81DFE529D23" author="Riaux-Gobin, C. &amp; Compere, P. &amp; Al-Handal, A. Y." box="[222,498,2030,2056]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" pagination="325 - 338" refId="ref17822" refString="Riaux-Gobin, C., Compere, P. &amp; Al-Handal, A. Y. (2011) Species of the Cocconeis peltoides group with a marginal row of unusual processes (Mascarenes and Kerguelen Islands, Indian Ocean). Diatom Research 26: 325 - 338. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0269249 X. 2011.639559" type="journal article" year="2011">
Riaux-Gobin
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8FFFEA1A64F81CFE119D23" box="[377,433,2030,2056]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
), and Tahiti and Tuamotu Archipelago of the southern Pacific Ocean (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF8FFFEA1FE1F81DFF499D06" author="Riaux-Gobin, C. &amp; Compere, P. &amp; Jordan, R. W." pageId="5" pageNumber="154" pagination="175 - 196" refId="ref17954" refString="Riaux-Gobin, C., Compere, P. &amp; Jordan, R. W. (2015) Cocconeis Ehrenberg assemblage (Bacillariophyceae) from Napuka Atoll (Tuamotu Archipelago, South Pacific) with descriptions of two new taxa. Diatom Research 30: 175 - 196. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0269249 X. 2015.1021839" type="journal article" year="2015">
Riaux-Gobin
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8FFFEA1E8AF81CFF059D07" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
). The species has been reported from the coasts of
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF8FFFEA183BF7E0FCC69D06" box="[806,870,2067,2093]" name="Japan" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Japan</collectingCountry>
(Suzuki 2001),
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF8FFFEA1F07F7E1FB299D07" box="[1050,1161,2066,2092]" name="Argentina" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Argentina</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF8FFFEA1F85F7E1FAE29D07" author="Sar, E. A. &amp; Romero, O. &amp; Sunesen, I." box="[1176,1346,2066,2092]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" pagination="79 - 106" refId="ref18682" refString="Sar, E. A., Romero, O. &amp; Sunesen, I. (2003) Cocconeis Ehrenberg and Psammococconeis Garcia (Bacillariophyta) from the Gulf of San Matias, Patagonia, Argentina. Diatom Research 18: 79 - 106. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0269249 X. 2003.9705575" type="journal article" year="2003">
Sar
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8FFFEA1FDBF7E0FB5F9D07" box="[1222,1279,2066,2092]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">et al.</emphasis>
2003
</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF8FFFEA1E4BF7E1FA0C9D07" box="[1366,1452,2066,2092]" name="Mexico" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF8CFFE91B92FF6DFD6C9592" author="Siqueiros-Beltrones, D. A. &amp; Argumedo-Hernandez, U." box="[143,716,158,185]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" pagination="111 - 122" refId="ref19031" refString="Siqueiros-Beltrones, D. A. &amp; Argumedo-Hernandez, U. (2015) Epiphytic diatoms grazed by adult abalone (Haliotis spp.) in Baja California Sur, Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 86: 111 - 122. [in Spanish] https: // doi. org / 10.7550 / rmb. 47977" type="journal article" year="2015">Siqueiros-Beltrones &amp; Argumedo-Hernández 2015</bibRefCitation>
). In
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF8CFFE919E7FF6DFC289592" box="[762,904,158,185]" name="South Korea" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">South Korea</collectingCountry>
, it was already reported in the coast of
<collectingRegion id="9A0B46E0FF8CFFE91E29FF6DFAC19593" box="[1332,1377,158,184]" country="South Korea" name="Jeju" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">Jeju</collectingRegion>
Island (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF8CFFE91B8DFF31FEE595F7" author="Kim, B. S. &amp; Kim, S. Y. &amp; Park, J. G. &amp; Witkowski, A." box="[144,325,194,220]" pageId="6" pageNumber="155" pagination="604 - 621" refId="ref16220" refString="Kim, B. S., Kim, S. Y., Park, J. G. &amp; Witkowski, A. (2017) New records of the diatom species (Bacillariophyta) from the seaweed and tidal flats in Korea. Korean Journal of Environmental Biology 35: 604 - 621. https: // doi. org / 10.11626 / KJEB. 2017.35.4.604" type="journal article" year="2017">
Kim
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8CFFE91BD7FF30FEA295F7" box="[202,258,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="155">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
), and in this survey, was found frequently as epiphytes on seaweeds along the Seogwipo coast.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

112
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<treatment id="D0663914FF8FFFEA1B95FCF1FC9E90AA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788085" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191683104" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5788085" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D0663914FF8FFFEA1B95FCF1FC9E90AA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D0663914FF8FFFEA1B95FCF1FC9E90AA" lastPageNumber="154" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">
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<paragraph id="58708802FF8FFFEA1B95FCF1FD689637" blockId="5.[136,712,770,796]" box="[136,712,770,796]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">
<heading id="03383F6EFF8FFFEA1B95FCF1FD689637" bold="true" box="[136,712,770,796]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" reason="1">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8FFFEA1B95FCF1FD689637" bold="true" box="[136,712,770,796]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">
4.
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<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8FFFEA1BB9FCF1FE369637" bold="true" box="[164,406,770,796]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Cocconeis conspicua</emphasis>
A. Schmidt
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="C0F49487FF8FFFEA192DFCF1FD279637" box="[560,647,770,796]" captionStart="FIGURES 84–87" captionStartId="16.[136,243,1896,1918]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-23@16.[151,1436,190,1871]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 84–87. LM micrographs of Cocconeis species (7). Figs 84–86. Cocconeis pellucida, SVs (Figs 84, 85) and RVs (Figs 85, 86), internal view (Fig. 84) and external view of SV (Fig. 86). Fig. 87. C. conspicua, SV. Scale bars = 10 μm (Figs 84–87)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788103" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788103/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Figs 87</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="C0F49487FF8FFFEA1989FCF1FD1F9637" box="[660,703,770,796]" captionStart="FIGURES 100–105" captionStartId="22.[136,243,1909,1931]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,190,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-23@22.[151,1436,190,1885]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 100–105. SEM micrographs of Cocconeis species (10). Figs 100–102. Cocconeis convexa, the external view of SV (Fig. 100), the external view of RV (Fig. 101) and internal view of RV (Fig. 102). Figs 103, 104. C. stauroneiformis, the external views of SV. Fig. 105. Cocconeis conspicua, SV, the original drawing of Schmidt (1894b, pl.196, fig. 27). Scale bars = 1 μm (Fig. 103), 2 μm (Figs 100–102, 104), 10 μm (Fig. 105)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788113" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788113/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">105</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF8FFFEA1B95FCBDFD2B9648" box="[136,651,846,868]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="58708802FF8FFFEA1B95FCBDFD2B9648" blockId="5.[136,651,846,868]" box="[136,651,846,868]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8FFFEA1B95FCBDFF55964F" bold="true" box="[136,245,846,868]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Basionym:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF8FFFEA1BE6FCBDFE65964F" author="Schmidt, A." box="[251,453,846,868]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" pagination="193 - 196" refId="ref18873" refString="Schmidt, A. (1894 b) Atlas der Diatomaceen-kunde. Leipzig. O. R. Reisland Series V (Heft 49), pls. 193 - 196." type="journal article" year="1894">
Schmidt
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8FFFEA1A4CFCBCFE229648" box="[337,386,846,868]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">et al.</emphasis>
1894b
</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 196, figs 27–30.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF8FFFEA1B95FC61FF43914A" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" type="description">
<paragraph id="58708802FF8FFFEA1B95FC61FF43914A" blockId="5.[136,1452,914,1409]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8FFFEA1B95FC61FEBC9687" bold="true" box="[136,284,914,940]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Description:</emphasis>
Valves broadly elliptical, but slightly oblique along apical axis, 31–38 μm long, 24–30 μm wide. SV: sternum broadly elliptical and sigmoid. Longitudinal hyaline area bisecting twice striae between sternum and valve margins, a row of very large puncta on the outer hyaline area, the largest punctum in the area 1.5 μm in diameter. A longitudinal line crossing striae between the sternum and inner hyaline area. Transapical striae radiate towards the apices,
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10 μm, striae composed of elongated areolae. RV: No RV observed, only trace of sigmoid raphe could be seen.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF8FFFEA1BA0FB99FC9E90AA" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="58708802FF8FFFEA1BA0FB99FC9E90AA" blockId="5.[136,1452,914,1409]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8FFFEA1BA0FB99FE9491AF" bold="true" box="[189,308,1130,1156]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Remarks:</emphasis>
This taxon is characterized by a marginal axial hyaline area on each part of the SV and the presence of large round structures in these hyaline areas. There are no descriptions of this taxon except for the illustrations at the times of the naming. From the original valve drawings (
<figureCitation id="C0F49487FF8FFFEA19E0FB41FCEE91E7" box="[765,846,1202,1228]" captionStart="FIGURES 88–93" captionStartId="19.[136,243,1890,1912]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,190,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-15@19.[151,1436,190,1866]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 88–93. SEM micrographs of Cocconeis species (8). Figs 88, 89. C. pseudomarginata var. intermedia, the external view (Fig. 88) and internal view of SVs (Fig. 89). Fig. 90. C. dirupta var. flexella, the external valve of SV. Figs 91–93. C. cf. diruptoides, the external view of SVs (Figs 91, 92), and the internal view of RV (Fig. 93). Scale bars = 5 μm (Figs 88, 89), 2 μm (Figs 90, 92), 1 μm (Fig. 93)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788107/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Fig. 92</figureCitation>
) of
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF8FFFEA1860FB41FBDC91E6" author="Schmidt, A." box="[893,1148,1202,1229]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" pagination="193 - 196" refId="ref18873" refString="Schmidt, A. (1894 b) Atlas der Diatomaceen-kunde. Leipzig. O. R. Reisland Series V (Heft 49), pls. 193 - 196." type="journal article" year="1894">
Schmidt
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8FFFEA18FCFB40FBBA91E7" box="[993,1050,1202,1228]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">et al.</emphasis>
(1894b)
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, valves are 27–38 μm long and 18–29 μm wide. At that times, it was found in Kings Mill Islands (now
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) and
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in the Pacific Ocean, in Bissex of
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in the West Indies, and in
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(
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Schmidt
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8FFFEA18EBFB08FB8F903F" box="[1014,1071,1274,1300]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">et al.</emphasis>
1894b
</bibRefCitation>
). However, it is placed on the checklist of marine diatoms in the Caribbean Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF8FFFEA19FEFAEDFB3D9013" author="Navarro, J. N. &amp; Hernandez-Becerril, D. U." box="[739,1181,1310,1336]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" refId="ref17164" refString="Navarro, J. N. &amp; Hernandez-Becerril, D. U. (1997) Floristicos de Mexico. XV. Check-list of marine diatoms Caribbean Sea. Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico. 48 pp." type="book" year="1997">Navarro and Hernández-Becerril, 1997</bibRefCitation>
). Based on the localities found to date, it is a typical tropical taxon. Very rare in a few samples as epiphytes on seaweed in rock pools (St. 2) of Seogwipo coast; it is herein newly described for
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.
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107
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3.
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<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8FFFEA1BB9FE85FE0594BA" bold="true" box="[164,421,374,401]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Cocconeis clandestina</emphasis>
A. Schmidt
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(
<figureCitation id="C0F49487FF8FFFEA195CFE85FD6294BB" box="[577,706,374,400]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–24" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1880,1902]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-23@4.[151,1436,190,1855]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3–24. LM micrographs of Cocconeis species (1). Figs 3–5. Cocconeis stauroneiformis, RV (Fig. 3) and SVs (Figs 4, 5). Figs 6–8. C. costata, SVs (Figs 6, 7) and RV (Fig. 8). Figs 9–11. C. capensis, SVs. Figs 12–19. C. distans, SVs (Figs 12, 15, 17–19) and RVs (Figs 13, 14, 16) (Figs 14 and 15, 16 and 17, complete valve). Figs 20, 21. C. pelta, SV (Fig. 20) and RV (Fig. 21). Fig. 22. C. cf. pinnata, SV. Figs 23, 24. C. clandestina, SVs. Scale bar = 10 μm (Figs 3–24)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788081/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Figs 23, 24</figureCitation>
)
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<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8FFFEA1B95FE31FF5594F3" bold="true" box="[136,245,450,472]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Basionym:</emphasis>
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Schmidt
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8FFFEA1A4CFE30FE2294FC" box="[337,386,450,472]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">et al.</emphasis>
1894a
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, pl. 192, figs 28, 29.
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<paragraph id="58708802FF8FFFEA1B95FE15FCF9976F" blockId="5.[136,1452,450,580]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8FFFEA1B95FE15FF5F94D7" bold="true" box="[136,255,486,508]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">References:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF8FFFEA1A1AFE15FE2C94D0" author="Hustedt, F." box="[263,396,486,508]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" pagination="781 - 880" refId="ref15927" refString="Hustedt, F. (1933) Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Osterreichs und der Schweiz unter Berucksichtigung der ubrigen Lander Europas sowie der angrenzenden Meeresgebiete. In: Rabenhorst, L. (Ed.) Kryptogamen Flora von Deutschland, Osterreich und der Schweiz. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft m. b. h. Leipzig 7 (Teil 2, Lief. 3): 321 - 432, figs 781 - 880." type="journal article" year="1933">Hustedt 1933</bibRefCitation>
, p. 331, fig. 784;
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Witkowski
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8FFFEA19B0FE14FD4094D0" box="[685,736,486,508]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 103, pl. 41, figs 20–25.
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8FFFEA1F36FE15FB0A94D7" bold="true" box="[1067,1194,486,508]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Description:</emphasis>
Valves elliptical to nearly circular, 18–29 μm long, 14–18 μm wide. SV: sternum narrow and linear. Transapical striae biseriate and radiate towards the apices,
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10 μm, with 10–12 areolae in 10 μm of stria. No RV observed.
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<paragraph id="58708802FF8FFFEA1B95FD81FDA297FE" blockId="5.[136,1451,626,725]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8FFFEA1B95FD81FF5E97A7" bold="true" box="[136,254,626,652]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Remarks:</emphasis>
This taxon is widespread along the coast of northern Europe (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF8FFFEA18D7FD81FBC797A7" author="Hustedt, F." box="[970,1127,626,652]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" pagination="781 - 880" refId="ref15927" refString="Hustedt, F. (1933) Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Osterreichs und der Schweiz unter Berucksichtigung der ubrigen Lander Europas sowie der angrenzenden Meeresgebiete. In: Rabenhorst, L. (Ed.) Kryptogamen Flora von Deutschland, Osterreich und der Schweiz. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft m. b. h. Leipzig 7 (Teil 2, Lief. 3): 321 - 432, figs 781 - 880." type="journal article" year="1933">Hustedt 1933</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF8FFFEA1F6EFD81FAD397A7" author="Witkowski, A. &amp; Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D." box="[1139,1395,626,652]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" refId="ref20057" refString="Witkowski, A., Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D. (2000) Diatom flora of marine coasts I. Iconographia Diatomologica Vol. 7. A. R. G. Ganter Verlag K. G., Ruggell. 925 pp." type="book" year="2000">
Witkowski
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8FFFEA1FEBFD80FA9097A7" box="[1270,1328,626,652]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
) and common in the Baltic Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF8FFFEA1AA8FD65FD13979B" author="Witkowski, A. &amp; Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D." box="[437,691,662,688]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" refId="ref20057" refString="Witkowski, A., Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D. (2000) Diatom flora of marine coasts I. Iconographia Diatomologica Vol. 7. A. R. G. Ganter Verlag K. G., Ruggell. 925 pp." type="book" year="2000">
Witkowski
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF8FFFEA1925FD64FDCF979B" box="[568,623,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
). In the Seogwipo coast, very rare from small rock pools; it is herein newly described for
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.
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(
<figureCitation id="C0F49487FF98FFFD1904FC45FD3A96FB" box="[537,666,950,976]" captionStart="FIGURES 45–56" captionStartId="9.[136,243,1916,1938]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1892]" captionTargetId="figure-15@9.[151,1436,190,1892]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 45–56. LM micrographs of Cocconeis species (3). Figs 45–48. Cocconeis scutellum, RV (Fig. 45) and SVs (Figs 46–48). Figs 49–52. C. shikinensis, SVs (Figs 49, 52) and RVs (Figs 50, 51). Figs 53–56. C. schmidtii, RVs (Figs 54, 56) and SVs (Figs 53, 55). Scale bar = 10 μm (Figs 45–56)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788087" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788087/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="167">Figs 49–52</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="C0F49487FF98FFFD19BAFC45FD4E96FB" box="[679,750,950,976]" captionStart="FIGURES 94–99" captionStartId="20.[136,243,1810,1832]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1785]" captionTargetId="figure-23@20.[151,1436,190,1785]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 94–99. SEM micrographs of Cocconeis species (9). Fig. 94. Cocconeis cf. diruptoides, the internal view of SV. Fig. 95. C. dirupta var. dirupta, the internal view of SV. Figs 96–98. C. shikinensis, the external view of SV (Figs 97, 98), the internal view of RV (Fig. 96). Fig. 99. C. suzukii, the external view of SV. Scale bars = 1 μm (Figs 94, 98, 99), 2 μm (Figs 95–97)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788109" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788109/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="167">96–98</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF98FFFD1B95FBF1FDCB913C" box="[136,619,1026,1048]" pageId="18" pageNumber="167" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="58708802FF98FFFD1B95FBF1FDCB913C" blockId="18.[136,619,1026,1048]" box="[136,619,1026,1048]" pageId="18" pageNumber="167">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF98FFFD1B95FBF1FF559133" bold="true" box="[136,245,1026,1048]" pageId="18" pageNumber="167">Basionym:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF98FFFD1BE6FBF1FE189133" author="Suzuki, H. &amp; Nagumo, T. &amp; Tanaka, J." box="[251,440,1026,1048]" pageId="18" pageNumber="167" pagination="137 - 144" refId="ref19492" refString="Suzuki, H., Nagumo, T. &amp; Tanaka, J. (2001 b) A new marine diatom, Cocconeis shikinensis sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae) from Japan. Phycological Research 49: 137 - 144. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1440 - 1835.2001.00234. x" type="journal article" year="2001">
Suzuki
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF98FFFD1A59FBF1FED5913C" box="[324,373,1026,1047]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="167">et al.</emphasis>
2001b
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 138, figs 1–31.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF98FFFD1B95FBB5FDA3908F" pageId="18" pageNumber="167" type="description">
<paragraph id="58708802FF98FFFD1B95FBB5FA84903F" blockId="18.[136,1452,1094,1913]" pageId="18" pageNumber="167">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF98FFFD1B95FBB5FEBC914B" bold="true" box="[136,284,1094,1120]" pageId="18" pageNumber="167">Description:</emphasis>
Valves elliptical, 19–50 μm long, 12–36 μm wide, the valve surface overall convex, but two-thirds of inner parts on valve face slightly concave. SV: sternum narrow and linear. Central area not developed, but very small circular in large specimens. Transapical striae transversely elongated, radiate towards the apices,
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10 μm, crossed by several hyaline and zigzag longitudinal lines, elongated areolae in striae, alveolus, with
<quantity id="9F3725E7FF98FFFD1FFAFB41FA9C91E7" box="[1255,1340,1202,1228]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.286" metricValueMax="2.54" metricValueMin="2.032" pageId="18" pageNumber="167" unit="in" value="9.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="8.0">8–10 in</quantity>
10 μm of stria. In some valves, often areolae arranged sparsely in the submarginal area. At the marginal area of the valve, one short striae arranged every 1–3 transapical striae, so the striae at the margins more dense than the middle.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="58708802FF98FFFD1BA0FAECFDA3908F" blockId="18.[136,1452,1094,1913]" pageId="18" pageNumber="167">
RV: raphe straight. Sternum narrow, but the terminal ends of the sternum expanded with crescent-shaped hyaline area, resulting the raphe ends distant from the apices. Central area small and circular. Transapical striae radiate,
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10 μm, areolae in striae circular-shaped, with 16–20 areolae in 10 μm of stria. Valve face between raphe and valve margins depressed concentrically.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF98FFFD1BA0FA5DFD679252" pageId="18" pageNumber="167" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="58708802FF98FFFD1BA0FA5DFDB89227" blockId="18.[136,1452,1094,1913]" pageId="18" pageNumber="167">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF98FFFD1BA0FA5DFE9490E3" bold="true" box="[189,308,1454,1480]" pageId="18" pageNumber="167">Remarks:</emphasis>
This species is similar to
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF98FFFD197DFA5CFC3D90E3" authority="Heiden" authorityName="Heiden" authorityYear="1928" box="[608,925,1454,1481]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="18" pageNumber="167" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="schmidtii">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF98FFFD197DFA5CFCE490E3" box="[608,836,1454,1481]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="167">Cocconeis schmidtii</emphasis>
Heiden
</taxonomicName>
in its valve morphology, but differs in having a crescent hyaline area on the terminal ends of the RV, in lacking a round central hyaline area, and in having a lower density of areolae on both valves (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF98FFFD193DFA05FCAD933A" author="Suzuki, H. &amp; Nagumo, T. &amp; Tanaka, J." box="[544,781,1526,1553]" pageId="18" pageNumber="167" pagination="137 - 144" refId="ref19492" refString="Suzuki, H., Nagumo, T. &amp; Tanaka, J. (2001 b) A new marine diatom, Cocconeis shikinensis sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae) from Japan. Phycological Research 49: 137 - 144. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1440 - 1835.2001.00234. x" type="journal article" year="2001">
Suzuki
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF98FFFD1966FA04FD17933B" box="[635,695,1526,1552]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="167">et al.</emphasis>
2001b
</bibRefCitation>
). It was reported as important epiphytes on
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF98FFFD1E0AFA05FE87931E" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Caulerpaceae" genus="Caulerpa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="18" pageNumber="167" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF98FFFD1E0AFA05FA21933B" box="[1303,1409,1526,1552]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="167">Caulerpa</emphasis>
sp. (Chlorophyta)
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF98FFFD1A56F9E8FE2B931E" box="[331,395,1563,1589]" name="Japan" pageId="18" pageNumber="167">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF98FFFD1A87F9E9FD9B931E" author="Suzuki, H. &amp; Nagumo, T. &amp; Tanaka, J." box="[410,571,1562,1589]" pageId="18" pageNumber="167" pagination="137 - 144" refId="ref19492" refString="Suzuki, H., Nagumo, T. &amp; Tanaka, J. (2001 b) A new marine diatom, Cocconeis shikinensis sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae) from Japan. Phycological Research 49: 137 - 144. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1440 - 1835.2001.00234. x" type="journal article" year="2001">Suzuki 2001b</bibRefCitation>
). In the present study, it was mainly found in Rhodophyta, such as
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF98FFFD1E31F9E9FF089372" class="Florideophyceae" family="Plocamiaceae" genus="Plocamium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gigartinales" pageId="18" pageNumber="167" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF98FFFD1E31F9E9FA0C931F" box="[1324,1452,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="167">Plocamium</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
This species has morphological features that may cause confusion with
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF98FFFD18D7F9CCFB7B9373" authority="Ehrenberg" authorityName="Ehrenberg" box="[970,1243,1598,1625]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Caulerpaceae" genus="Caulerpa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="18" pageNumber="167" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="placentula">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF98FFFD18D7F9CCFBC09373" box="[970,1120,1598,1625]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="167">C. placentula</emphasis>
Ehrenberg
</taxonomicName>
and its allied taxa. The RV is not so, but the SV is similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF98FFFD19BBF990FC9C9357" box="[678,828,1634,1661]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Caulerpaceae" genus="Caulerpa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="18" pageNumber="167" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="placentula">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF98FFFD19BBF990FC9C9357" box="[678,828,1634,1661]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="167">C. placentula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; thus, judging by the SV alone can be misleading. Prior to the naming of this species, the taxon attached to a carapace in
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF98FFFD187CF974FC01938A" box="[865,929,1671,1697]" name="Japan" pageId="18" pageNumber="167">Japan</collectingCountry>
was recorded as
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF98FFFD1F7FF974FA07938A" authority="(Takano 1962)" baseAuthorityName="Takano" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[1122,1447,1670,1697]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Caulerpaceae" genus="Caulerpa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="18" pageNumber="167" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="placentula">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF98FFFD1F7FF974FB59938B" box="[1122,1273,1670,1697]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="167">C. placentula</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF98FFFD1E15F975FA3F938A" author="Takano, H." box="[1288,1439,1670,1697]" pageId="18" pageNumber="167" pagination="29 - 33" refId="ref19713" refString="Takano, H. (1962) Notes on epiphytic diatoms upon sea-weeds from Japan. Journal of the Oceanographic Society of Japan 18: 29 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.5928 / kaiyou 1942.18.29" type="journal article" year="1962">Takano 1962</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. The two species,
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF98FFFD1A52F958FDE793EF" box="[335,583,1706,1733]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="18" pageNumber="167" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="shikinensis">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF98FFFD1A52F958FDE793EF" box="[335,583,1706,1733]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="167">Cocconeis shikinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF98FFFD199DF958FCB893EF" baseAuthorityName="Takano" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[640,792,1706,1733]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Caulerpaceae" genus="Caulerpa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="18" pageNumber="167" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="placentula">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF98FFFD199DF958FCB893EF" box="[640,792,1706,1733]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="167">C. placentula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, are sometimes found in the marine coasts. In the present study, the valve length of
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF98FFFD1AB7F93CFDE693C3" box="[426,582,1742,1769]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="18" pageNumber="167" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="shikinensis">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF98FFFD1AB7F93CFDE693C3" box="[426,582,1742,1769]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="167">C. shikinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ranges from 19 μm to 50 μm, while that of
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF98FFFD1F2CF93CFB6893C3" baseAuthorityName="Takano" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[1073,1224,1742,1769]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Caulerpaceae" genus="Caulerpa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="18" pageNumber="167" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="placentula">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF98FFFD1F2CF93CFB6893C3" box="[1073,1224,1742,1769]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="167">C. placentula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does from 11 μm to 36 μm (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF98FFFD1BC3F901FDAD9227" author="Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Hofmann, G. &amp; Werum, M. &amp; Cantonati, M." box="[222,525,1778,1804]" pageId="18" pageNumber="167" refId="ref16394" refString="Lange-Bertalot, H., Hofmann, G., Werum, M. &amp; Cantonati, M. (2017) Freshwater benthic diatoms of Central Europe: over 800 common species used in ecological assessments. English edition with updated taxonomy and added species (Cantonati, M. et al. eds). Schmitten-Oberreifenberg: Koeltz Scientific Books. 942 pp., 135 pls." type="book" year="2017">
Lange-Bertalot
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF98FFFD1A8CF900FE699227" box="[401,457,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="167">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="58708802FF98FFFD1BA0F8E5FD679252" blockId="18.[136,1452,1094,1913]" pageId="18" pageNumber="167">
Previously, these taxa had been reported strictly from Japanese coasts, including the
<typeStatus id="877436A0FF98FFFD1F64F8E4FB09921A" box="[1145,1193,1815,1841]" pageId="18" pageNumber="167">type</typeStatus>
locality, Izu Islands of Tokyo (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF98FFFD1BC0F8C9FE17927F" author="Suzuki, H. &amp; Nagumo, T. &amp; Tanaka, J." box="[221,439,1850,1876]" pageId="18" pageNumber="167" pagination="137 - 144" refId="ref19492" refString="Suzuki, H., Nagumo, T. &amp; Tanaka, J. (2001 b) A new marine diatom, Cocconeis shikinensis sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae) from Japan. Phycological Research 49: 137 - 144. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1440 - 1835.2001.00234. x" type="journal article" year="2001">
Suzuki
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF98FFFD1A2FF8C8FEC9927F" box="[306,361,1850,1876]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="167">et al.</emphasis>
2001b
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF98FFFD1ADCF8C9FE5E927F" author="Suzuki, H. &amp; Abe, Y. &amp; Fujita, D. &amp; Nagumo, T." box="[449,510,1850,1876]" pageId="18" pageNumber="167" pagination="27 - 37" refId="ref19322" refString="Suzuki, H., Abe, Y., Fujita, D. &amp; Nagumo, T. (2007) Attached diatoms occurring in the aquaculture facility in Kochi Prefectural Deep Seawater Laboratory. Deep Ocean Water Research 8: 27 - 37. [in Japanese] https: // doi. org / 10.11174 / dowas 2000.8.1 _ 27" type="journal article" year="2007">2007</bibRefCitation>
). This taxon was encountered infrequently as epiphytes on seaweeds of the Seogwipo coast; it is herein newly described for
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF98FFFD192EF8ADFD639252" box="[563,707,1886,1913]" name="South Korea" pageId="18" pageNumber="167">South Korea</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
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21.
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF9BFFFE1BAFF8E5FD87921B" authority="Ehrenberg" authorityName="Ehrenberg" box="[178,551,1814,1841]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="17" pageNumber="166" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="scutellum">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF9BFFFE1BAFF8E5FE3F921A" bold="true" box="[178,415,1814,1841]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="166">Cocconeis scutellum</emphasis>
Ehrenberg
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="C0F49487FF9BFFFE1928F8E5FD17921B" box="[565,695,1814,1840]" captionStart="FIGURES 45–56" captionStartId="9.[136,243,1916,1938]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1892]" captionTargetId="figure-15@9.[151,1436,190,1892]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 45–56. LM micrographs of Cocconeis species (3). Figs 45–48. Cocconeis scutellum, RV (Fig. 45) and SVs (Figs 46–48). Figs 49–52. C. shikinensis, SVs (Figs 49, 52) and RVs (Figs 50, 51). Figs 53–56. C. schmidtii, RVs (Figs 54, 56) and SVs (Figs 53, 55). Scale bar = 10 μm (Figs 45–56)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788087" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788087/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="166">Figs 45–48</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF9BFFFE1B95F891FAD592B7" pageId="17" pageNumber="166" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="58708802FF9BFFFE1B95F891FDC4925C" blockId="17.[136,1397,1890,1948]" box="[136,612,1890,1912]" pageId="17" pageNumber="166">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF9BFFFE1B95F891FF559253" bold="true" box="[136,245,1890,1912]" pageId="17" pageNumber="166">Basionym:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF9BFFFE1BE6F891FE37925C" author="Ehrenberg, C. G." box="[251,407,1890,1912]" pageId="17" pageNumber="166" pagination="1 - 548" refId="ref15185" refString="Ehrenberg, C. G. (1838) Die Infusionsthierchen als vollkommene Organismen. Ein Blick in das tiefere organische Leben de Natur. Verlag von Leopold Voss, Leipzig. pp. 1 - xvii, 1 - 548, pls. 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="1838">Ehrenberg 1838</bibRefCitation>
, p. 194, pl. 14, fig. 8.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="58708802FF9BFFFE1B95F875FAD592B7" blockId="17.[136,1397,1890,1948]" box="[136,1397,1926,1948]" pageId="17" pageNumber="166">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF9BFFFE1B95F875FF5F92B7" bold="true" box="[136,255,1926,1948]" pageId="17" pageNumber="166">References:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF9BFFFE1A1BF875FE1292B0" author="Poulin, M. &amp; Berard-Therriault, L. &amp; Cardinal, A." box="[262,434,1926,1948]" pageId="17" pageNumber="166" pagination="45 - 61" refId="ref17479" refString="Poulin, M., Berard-Therriault, L. &amp; Cardinal, A. (1984) Les diatomees benthiques de substrats durs des eaux marines et saumatres du Quebec. 1. Cocconeioideae (Achnanthales, Achnanthaceae). Le Naturaliste canadien (Rev. Ecol. Syst.) 111: 45 - 61." type="journal article" year="1984">
Poulin
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF9BFFFE1A57F875FEDB92B0" box="[330,379,1926,1947]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="166">et al.</emphasis>
1984
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 56, figs 43–48;
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF9BFFFE1976F875FD4E92B0" author="Mizuno, M." box="[619,750,1926,1948]" pageId="17" pageNumber="166" pagination="591 - 597" refId="ref17046" refString="Mizuno, M. (1987) Morphological variation of the attached diatom Cocconeis scutellum var. scutellum (Bacillariophyceae). Journal of Phycology 23: 591 - 597. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1529 - 8817.1987. tb 04211. x" type="journal article" year="1987">Mizuno 1987</bibRefCitation>
, p. 592, figs 1–5, 6A–F;
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF9BFFFE18C0F875FB1692B0" author="De Stefano, M. &amp; Romero, O. E. &amp; Totti, C." box="[989,1206,1926,1948]" pageId="17" pageNumber="166" pagination="506 - 536" refId="ref15062" refString="De Stefano, M., Romero, O. E. &amp; Totti, C. (2008) A comparative study of Cocconeis scutellum Ehrenberg and its varieties (Bacillariophyta). Botanica Marina 51: 506 - 536. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / BOT. 2008.058" type="journal article" year="2008">
De Stefano
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF9BFFFE1F53F875FBDF92B0" box="[1102,1151,1926,1947]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="166">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 508, figs 19–35.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF9BFFFD1B95F839FAD195F7" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="167" pageId="17" pageNumber="166" type="description">
<paragraph id="58708802FF9BFFFD1B95F839FAD195F7" blockId="17.[136,1452,1994,2093]" lastBlockId="18.[136,1452,158,905]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="167" pageId="17" pageNumber="166">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF9BFFFE1B95F839FEBC92CF" bold="true" box="[136,284,1994,2020]" pageId="17" pageNumber="166">Description:</emphasis>
Valves elliptic-lanceolate to broadly elliptical, 13–31 μm long, 12–24 μm wide. SV: sternum narrow and linear, and central area not developed Transapical striae coarsely punctate, radiate towards the apices,
<quantity id="9F3725E7FF9BFFFE1E1DF81DFAF69D23" box="[1280,1366,2030,2056]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.413" metricValueMax="2.54" metricValueMin="2.286" pageId="17" pageNumber="166" unit="in" value="9.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="9.0">9–10 in</quantity>
10 μm, uniseriate entirely, but bi- and tri-seriate near the mantle, areolae in striae coarsely circular,
<quantity id="9F3725E7FF9BFFFE1FBFF7E1FB599D07" box="[1186,1273,2066,2092]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.667" metricValueMax="3.048" metricValueMin="2.286" pageId="17" pageNumber="166" unit="in" value="10.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="9.0">9–12 in</quantity>
10 μm of stria. RV: A narrow hyaline band in the submarginal area along the valve margin. Striae radiate,
<quantity id="9F3725E7FF98FFFD1F64FF6DFB7C9593" box="[1145,1244,158,184]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.921" metricValueMax="3.302" metricValueMin="2.54" pageId="18" pageNumber="167" unit="in" value="11.5" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="10.0">10–13 in</quantity>
10 μm, uniseriate, becoming biseriate on the mantle, areolae circular,
<quantity id="9F3725E7FF98FFFD19D9FF31FC8795F7" box="[708,807,194,220]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.445" metricValueMax="4.826" metricValueMin="4.064" pageId="18" pageNumber="167" unit="in" value="17.5" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="16.0">16–19 in</quantity>
10 μm. Valvocopulae closed, having short fimbriae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF98FFFD1BA0FF15FBA196A3" pageId="18" pageNumber="167" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="58708802FF98FFFD1BA0FF15FD1294F3" blockId="18.[136,1452,158,905]" pageId="18" pageNumber="167">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF98FFFD1BA0FF15FE94942B" bold="true" box="[189,308,230,256]" pageId="18" pageNumber="167">Remarks:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF98FFFD1A21FF14FD85942B" box="[316,549,230,257]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="18" pageNumber="167" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="scutellum">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF98FFFD1A21FF14FD85942B" box="[316,549,230,257]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="167">Cocconeis scutellum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the most commonly reported in taxonomical and ecological research among the genus
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF98FFFD1BE0FEF8FED2940E" box="[253,370,267,293]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="18" pageNumber="167" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF98FFFD1BE0FEF8FED2940E" box="[253,370,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="167">Cocconeis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but its morphological features have been neglected for a long time in the past. However, with the increase of SEM morphology,
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF98FFFD1910FEDCFD399463" box="[525,665,302,329]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="18" pageNumber="167" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="scutellum">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF98FFFD1910FEDCFD399463" box="[525,665,302,329]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="167">C. scutellum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was recognized as a complex composed of many heterogeneous taxa rather than a single one (De Stephano
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF98FFFD1928FEA0FDCD9447" box="[565,621,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="167">et al.</emphasis>
2008). In the meantime, a lot of new taxa have been recently described as new species, and many specimens that have been reported as
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF98FFFD182EFE84FC1E94BB" box="[819,958,374,401]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="18" pageNumber="167" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="scutellum">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF98FFFD182EFE84FC1E94BB" box="[819,958,374,401]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="167">C. scutellum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been separated as new species (Riaux-Gobin
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF98FFFD1BC8FE68FEAE949F" box="[213,270,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="167">et al.</emphasis>
2013). Therefore, the morphological boundary of the
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF98FFFD1871FE68FB3B949F" authority="var. scutellum" box="[876,1179,410,437]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="18" pageNumber="167" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="variety" species="scutellum" variety="scutellum">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF98FFFD1871FE68FC58949F" box="[876,1016,410,437]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="167">C. scutellum</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF98FFFD1F2DFE69FB3B949F" box="[1072,1179,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="167">scutellum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
became very important, and it is not easy to identify the nominate variety.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="58708802FF98FFFD1BA0FE11FCCB976F" blockId="18.[136,1452,158,905]" pageId="18" pageNumber="167">
The important feature of circumscribing
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF98FFFD1995FE10FCB494D7" box="[648,788,482,509]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="18" pageNumber="167" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="scutellum">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF98FFFD1995FE10FCB494D7" box="[648,788,482,509]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="167">C. scutellum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from neighboring species is the poroid areolae on striae of SV, becoming biseriate or triseriate towards the mantle (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF98FFFD19E0FDF5FC38970B" author="Mizuno, M." box="[765,920,518,544]" pageId="18" pageNumber="167" pagination="591 - 597" refId="ref17046" refString="Mizuno, M. (1987) Morphological variation of the attached diatom Cocconeis scutellum var. scutellum (Bacillariophyceae). Journal of Phycology 23: 591 - 597. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1529 - 8817.1987. tb 04211. x" type="journal article" year="1987">Mizuno 1987</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF98FFFD18B9FDF4FB04970B" author="De Stefano, M. &amp; Romero, O. E. &amp; Totti, C." box="[932,1188,518,545]" pageId="18" pageNumber="167" pagination="506 - 536" refId="ref15062" refString="De Stefano, M., Romero, O. E. &amp; Totti, C. (2008) A comparative study of Cocconeis scutellum Ehrenberg and its varieties (Bacillariophyta). Botanica Marina 51: 506 - 536. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / BOT. 2008.058" type="journal article" year="2008">
De Stefano
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF98FFFD1F35FDF4FBC1970B" box="[1064,1121,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="167">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
). Loculiferous bands in the margins of the RV, which is fimbriate valvocopulae, is visible.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="58708802FF98FFFD1BA0FDBCFB3497FF" blockId="18.[136,1452,158,905]" pageId="18" pageNumber="167">
Many frustules of the
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF98FFFD1AADFDBCFD9B9743" box="[432,571,590,617]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="18" pageNumber="167" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="scutellum">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF98FFFD1AADFDBCFD9B9743" box="[432,571,590,617]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="167">C. scutellum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were also found in the Seogwipo coast, and the morphology of valves was very diverse and there were too many complex morphology and similarities, making it difficult to identify them. Although many images of light and electron microscopy were obtained, accurate identification was difficult. Only two species of
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF98FFFD1BBBFD48FE9297FF" box="[166,306,698,725]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="18" pageNumber="167" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="scutellum">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF98FFFD1BBBFD48FE9297FF" box="[166,306,698,725]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="167">C. scutellum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF98FFFD1A74FD48FE4997FF" box="[361,489,699,725]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="18" pageNumber="167" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="speciosa">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF98FFFD1A74FD48FE4997FF" box="[361,489,699,725]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="167">C. speciosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were extracted, and the rest were all set aside for later work.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="58708802FF98FFFD1BA0FD2DFBA196A3" blockId="18.[136,1452,158,905]" pageId="18" pageNumber="167">
This taxon is widespread and cosmopolitan along the coasts of marine and brackish waters, and has even been found in Antarctic regions (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF98FFFD1AA6FCF1FD179637" author="Witkowski, A. &amp; Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D." box="[443,695,770,796]" pageId="18" pageNumber="167" refId="ref20057" refString="Witkowski, A., Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D. (2000) Diatom flora of marine coasts I. Iconographia Diatomologica Vol. 7. A. R. G. Ganter Verlag K. G., Ruggell. 925 pp." type="book" year="2000">
Witkowski
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF98FFFD1920FCF0FDD59637" box="[573,629,770,796]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="167">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF98FFFD19DFFCF0FC619637" author="De Stefano, M. &amp; Romero, O. E. &amp; Totti, C." box="[706,961,770,797]" pageId="18" pageNumber="167" pagination="506 - 536" refId="ref15062" refString="De Stefano, M., Romero, O. E. &amp; Totti, C. (2008) A comparative study of Cocconeis scutellum Ehrenberg and its varieties (Bacillariophyta). Botanica Marina 51: 506 - 536. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / BOT. 2008.058" type="journal article" year="2008">
De Stefano
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF98FFFD1858FCF0FCDD9637" box="[837,893,770,796]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="167">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
). In
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF98FFFD18ECFCF1FB209636" box="[1009,1152,770,797]" name="South Korea" pageId="18" pageNumber="167">South Korea</collectingCountry>
, it was reported frequently as planktons and periphytic off the coast (Lee 1995), as epiphytes on
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF98FFFD1899FCD4FC7A966B" box="[900,986,807,832]" class="Liliopsida" family="Zosteraceae" genus="Zostera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="18" pageNumber="167" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF98FFFD1899FCD4FC7A966B" box="[900,986,807,832]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="167">Zostera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Geoje Island (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF98FFFD1F8BFCD5FAD1966B" author="Chung, M. H. &amp; Lee, K. S." box="[1174,1393,806,833]" pageId="18" pageNumber="167" pagination="75 - 81" refId="ref14652" refString="Chung, M. H. &amp; Lee, K. S. (2008) Species composition of the epiphytic diatoms on the leaf tissues of three Zostera species distributed on the southern coast of Korea. Algae 23: 75 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.4490 / algae. 2008.23.1.075" type="journal article" year="2008">Chung &amp; Lee 2008</bibRefCitation>
), and as the epipsammic on the sand flat of the Nakdong River estuary (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF98FFFD1872FCB9FC7C964F" author="Joh, G." box="[879,988,842,868]" pageId="18" pageNumber="167" refId="ref16117" refString="Joh, G. (2012) Freshwater diatoms V: Achnanthaceae. In: Algal flora of Korea. Vol. 3, No. 7. National Institute of Biological Resources, Ministry of Environment, Korea. 134 pp." type="book" year="2012">Joh 2012</bibRefCitation>
). In this survey, common as epiphytes on seaweeds along the Seogwipo coast, particularly abundant in the lagoon (St. 3).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<treatment id="D0663914FF9BFFFE1B95FBB5FB1893C2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788131" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191683100" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5788131" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D0663914FF9BFFFE1B95FBB5FB1893C2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D0663914FF9BFFFE1B95FBB5FB1893C2" lastPageNumber="166" pageId="17" pageNumber="166">
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<paragraph id="58708802FF9BFFFE1B95FBB5FD5E914B" blockId="17.[136,766,1094,1121]" box="[136,766,1094,1121]" pageId="17" pageNumber="166">
<heading id="03383F6EFF9BFFFE1B95FBB5FD5E914B" bold="true" box="[136,766,1094,1121]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="166" reason="1">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF9BFFFE1B95FBB5FD5E914B" bold="true" box="[136,766,1094,1121]" pageId="17" pageNumber="166">
20.
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<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF9BFFFE1BAFFBB5FE39914A" bold="true" box="[178,409,1094,1121]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="166">Cocconeis schmidtii</emphasis>
Heiden
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="C0F49487FF9BFFFE1919FBB5FD26914B" box="[516,646,1094,1120]" captionStart="FIGURES 45–56" captionStartId="9.[136,243,1916,1938]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1892]" captionTargetId="figure-15@9.[151,1436,190,1892]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 45–56. LM micrographs of Cocconeis species (3). Figs 45–48. Cocconeis scutellum, RV (Fig. 45) and SVs (Figs 46–48). Figs 49–52. C. shikinensis, SVs (Figs 49, 52) and RVs (Figs 50, 51). Figs 53–56. C. schmidtii, RVs (Figs 54, 56) and SVs (Figs 53, 55). Scale bar = 10 μm (Figs 45–56)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788087" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788087/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="166">Figs 53–56</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="C0F49487FF9BFFFE198EFBB5FD56914B" box="[659,758,1094,1120]" captionStart="FIGURES 106, 107" captionStartId="23.[136,243,970,992]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,946]" captionTargetId="figure-15@23.[151,1436,190,946]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 106, 107. SEM micrographs of Cocconeis species (11). Figs 106, 107. Cocconeis schmidtii, the internal view of SV (Fig. 106), the external view of RV (Fig. 107). Scale bars = 2 μm (Figs 106, 107)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788117/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="166">106, 107</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF9BFFFE1B95FB61FCAD91E0" pageId="17" pageNumber="166" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="58708802FF9BFFFE1B95FB61FD8F9183" blockId="17.[136,781,1170,1228]" box="[136,559,1170,1192]" pageId="17" pageNumber="166">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF9BFFFE1B95FB61FF559183" bold="true" box="[136,245,1170,1192]" pageId="17" pageNumber="166">Basionym:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF9BFFFE1BE6FB61FE42918C" author="Heiden, H. &amp; Kolbe, R. W." box="[251,482,1170,1192]" pageId="17" pageNumber="166" pagination="447 - 715" refId="ref15703" refString="Heiden, H. &amp; Kolbe, R. W. (1928) Die Marinen Diatomeen der Deutschen Sudpolar-Expedition, 1901 - 1903. In: Deutsche Sudpolar- Expedition, 1901 - 1903, herausgegeben von Erich von Drygalski. Vol. VIII, Botanik (no. 5). Walter de Gruyter &amp; Co., Berlin und Leipzig. pp. 447 - 715, pls. 31 - 43." type="book chapter" year="1928">Heiden and Kolbe 1928</bibRefCitation>
, p. 587.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="58708802FF9BFFFE1B95FB45FCAD91E0" blockId="17.[136,781,1170,1228]" box="[136,781,1206,1228]" pageId="17" pageNumber="166">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF9BFFFE1B95FB45FF5691E7" bold="true" box="[136,246,1206,1228]" pageId="17" pageNumber="166">Reference:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF9BFFFE1BE1FB45FE3391E0" author="Simonsen, R." box="[252,403,1206,1228]" pageId="17" pageNumber="166" refId="ref18992" refString="Simonsen, R. (1992) The diatom types of Heinrich Heiden in Heiden &amp; Kolbe 1928. Bibliotheca Diatomologica. Vol. 24. J. Cramer, Berlin. 100 pp., 86 pls." type="book" year="1992">Simonsen 1992</bibRefCitation>
, p. 33, pl. 33, figs 1–5, pl. 34, figs 1–3.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF9BFFFE1B95FB09FE5E90C7" pageId="17" pageNumber="166" type="description">
<paragraph id="58708802FF9BFFFE1B95FB09FE5E90C7" blockId="17.[136,1452,1274,1769]" pageId="17" pageNumber="166">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF9BFFFE1B95FB09FEBC903F" bold="true" box="[136,284,1274,1300]" pageId="17" pageNumber="166">Description:</emphasis>
Valves broadly elliptical, 17–61 μm long, 11–44 μm wide. SV: sternum narrow. Central area very small and circular, but indistinct in small-sized valves. Transapical striae parallel in the middle, strongly radiate towards the apices,
<quantity id="9F3725E7FF9BFFFE1BC3FAB1FEE49077" box="[222,324,1346,1373]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.445" metricValueMax="5.08" metricValueMin="3.81" pageId="17" pageNumber="166" unit="in" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">15–20 in</quantity>
10 μm, interrupted by zig-zag longitudinal hyaline lines, areolae in a stria transversely elongated,
<quantity id="9F3725E7FF9BFFFE1B95FA95FF7D90AB" box="[136,221,1382,1408]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.413" metricValueMax="3.048" metricValueMin="1.778" pageId="17" pageNumber="166" unit="in" value="9.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="7.0">7–12 in</quantity>
10 μm. RV: valve surface slightly depressed concentrically in the submarginal area. Raphe straight and linear, the terminal ends of the raphe distant from apices without any areolation, sternum narrow. Central area small and circular. Transapical striae parallel in the middle, strongly radiate towards the apices,
<quantity id="9F3725E7FF9BFFFE1F7CFA5DFB6790E3" box="[1121,1223,1454,1480]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.81" metricValueMax="4.318" metricValueMin="3.302" pageId="17" pageNumber="166" unit="in" value="15.0" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="13.0">13–17 in</quantity>
10 μm, with 13–23 circular areolae in 10 μm of stria.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF9BFFFE1BA0FA05FB1893C2" pageId="17" pageNumber="166" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="58708802FF9BFFFE1BA0FA05FE4D9373" blockId="17.[136,1452,1274,1769]" pageId="17" pageNumber="166">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF9BFFFE1BA0FA05FE94933B" bold="true" box="[189,308,1526,1552]" pageId="17" pageNumber="166">Remarks:</emphasis>
The species is very similar to
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF9BFFFE1986FA04FC34933B" box="[667,916,1526,1553]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="17" pageNumber="166" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="shikinensis">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF9BFFFE1986FA04FC34933B" box="[667,916,1526,1553]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="166">Cocconeis shikinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in morphology. If one addition is made to the differences between the two species, the transapical striae of the former are strongly radiate towards the ends of valve, which is distinct from the latter.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="58708802FF9BFFFE1BA0F991FB1893C2" blockId="17.[136,1452,1274,1769]" pageId="17" pageNumber="166">
Occurring in the
<typeStatus id="877436A0FF9BFFFE1A9AF990FE179356" box="[391,439,1635,1661]" pageId="17" pageNumber="166">type</typeStatus>
locality, Kerguelen Island, in the
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF9BFFFE185AF991FC1C9357" box="[839,956,1634,1660]" name="Antarctica" pageId="17" pageNumber="166">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
of the Indian Ocean. This taxon has been described from the
<typeStatus id="877436A0FF9BFFFE1A46F974FE2B938A" box="[347,395,1671,1697]" pageId="17" pageNumber="166">type</typeStatus>
locality of Kerguelen Island in the Subantarctic of the Indian Ocean (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF9BFFFE1F9DF975FA91938B" author="Simonsen, R." box="[1152,1329,1670,1696]" pageId="17" pageNumber="166" refId="ref18992" refString="Simonsen, R. (1992) The diatom types of Heinrich Heiden in Heiden &amp; Kolbe 1928. Bibliotheca Diatomologica. Vol. 24. J. Cramer, Berlin. 100 pp., 86 pls." type="book" year="1992">Simonsen 1992</bibRefCitation>
), in coastal areas of King George Island, and the western Antarctic Peninsula (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF9BFFFE189BF959FBF893EF" author="Lange, P. K. &amp; Ligowski, R. &amp; Tenenbaum, D. R." box="[902,1112,1706,1732]" pageId="17" pageNumber="166" pagination="158 - 175" refId="ref16334" refString="Lange, P. K., Ligowski, R. &amp; Tenenbaum, D. R. (2018) Phytoplankton in the embayments of King George Island (Antarctic Peninsula): a review with emphasis on diatoms. Polar Research 54: 158 - 175. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0032247418000232" type="journal article" year="2018">
Lange
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF9BFFFE18CAF958FBB293EF" box="[983,1042,1706,1732]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="166">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
). This taxon was encountered frequently as epiphytes along the Seogwipo coast; it is herein newly described for
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF9BFFFE1F3EF93DFB1393C2" box="[1059,1203,1742,1769]" name="South Korea" pageId="17" pageNumber="166">South Korea</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
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19.
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<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF9BFFFE1BAFFE69FE58949E" bold="true" box="[178,504,410,437]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="166">Cocconeis pseudomarginata</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF9BFFFE192EFE69FD0F949E" bold="true" box="[563,687,410,437]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="166">intermedia</emphasis>
Grunow
</taxonomicName>
(
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,
<figureCitation id="C0F49487FF9BFFFE18AAFE69FC5E949F" box="[951,1022,410,436]" captionStart="FIGURES 88–93" captionStartId="19.[136,243,1890,1912]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,190,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-15@19.[151,1436,190,1866]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 88–93. SEM micrographs of Cocconeis species (8). Figs 88, 89. C. pseudomarginata var. intermedia, the external view (Fig. 88) and internal view of SVs (Fig. 89). Fig. 90. C. dirupta var. flexella, the external valve of SV. Figs 91–93. C. cf. diruptoides, the external view of SVs (Figs 91, 92), and the internal view of RV (Fig. 93). Scale bars = 5 μm (Figs 88, 89), 2 μm (Figs 90, 92), 1 μm (Fig. 93)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788107/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="166">88, 89</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
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<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF9BFFFE1B95FE15FCCB9734" pageId="17" pageNumber="166" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="58708802FF9BFFFE1B95FE15FD9894D7" blockId="17.[136,875,486,544]" box="[136,568,486,508]" pageId="17" pageNumber="166">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF9BFFFE1B95FE15FF5594D7" bold="true" box="[136,245,486,508]" pageId="17" pageNumber="166">Basionym:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF9BFFFE1BE6FE15FE2294D7" author="Grunow, A." box="[251,386,486,508]" pageId="17" pageNumber="166" refId="ref15657" refString="Grunow, A. (1867) Reise seiner Majestat Fregatte Novara um die Erde. Botanischer Theil. Band I. Algen. Wien, aus der Kaiselich- Koniglichen Hof-und Staasdruckerei. pp. 104, pls I, Ia, II - XI." type="book" year="1867">Grunow 1867</bibRefCitation>
, p. 13, pl. 1, fig. 6.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="58708802FF9BFFFE1B95FDF9FCCB9734" blockId="17.[136,875,486,544]" box="[136,875,522,544]" pageId="17" pageNumber="166">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF9BFFFE1B95FDF9FF5F970B" bold="true" box="[136,255,522,544]" pageId="17" pageNumber="166">References:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF9BFFFE1A1BFDF9FE619734" author="Suzuki, H. &amp; Tanaka, J. &amp; Nagumo, T." box="[262,449,522,544]" pageId="17" pageNumber="166" pagination="93 - 102" refId="ref19661" refString="Suzuki, H., Tanaka, J. &amp; Nagumo, T. (2001 c) Morphology of the marine diatom Cocconeis pseudomarginata Gregory var. intermedia Grunow. Diatom Research 16: 93 - 102. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0269249 X. 2001.9705511" type="journal article" year="2001">
Suzuki
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF9BFFFE1A53FDF9FEDF9734" box="[334,383,522,543]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="166">et al.</emphasis>
2001c
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 94, figs 1–26;
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF9BFFFE1973FDF9FCBE9734" author="Suzuki, H. &amp; Nagumo, T. &amp; Tanaka, J." box="[622,798,522,544]" pageId="17" pageNumber="166" pagination="269 - 279" refId="ref19551" refString="Suzuki, H., Nagumo, T. &amp; Tanaka, J. (2008) Morphology and taxonomy of Cocconeis subtilissima Meister (Bacillariophyceae) and two closely related taxa from the coastal waters of Japan. The Journal of Japanese Botany 83: 269 - 279." type="journal article" year="2008">
Suzuki
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF9BFFFE19ABFDF9FD479734" box="[694,743,522,543]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="166">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 277.
</paragraph>
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Valves elliptical, 26–68 μm long, 14–51 μm wide. SV: sternum broadly lanceolate, the ends of sternum enlarged and pear-shaped, connected to the submarginal hyaline area, a longitudinal line bisecting striae between sternum and valve margins. The outer surface of sternum longitudinally depressed. Transapical striae radiate towards the apices,
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10 μm, striae composed of elongated areolae. RV: raphe weakly sigmoid, sternum very narrow, the terminal ends of the sternum expanded with a crescent-shaped hyaline area, resulting the raphe distant from the apices. Longitudinal depression between the raphe and valve margins. Central area small rhombic. Transapical striae radiate towards the apices,
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10 μm in the inner parts of valve.
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<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF9BFFFE1BA0FCB9FE94964F" bold="true" box="[189,308,842,868]" pageId="17" pageNumber="166">Remarks:</emphasis>
This taxon differs from the nominate variety,
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<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF9BFFFE182BFCB8FBD5964F" box="[822,1141,842,869]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="166">Cocconeis pseudomarginata</emphasis>
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, in that the raphe is slightly sigmoid and transapical striae of SV are dense.
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The distribution area of the species is quite limited, compared with the nominate variety, but prefer warmer marine coasts in view of localities, Cape of Good Hope,
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, Luzon, Manilla, and Tahiti (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF9BFFFE1FB7FC45FF6496DF" author="Fourtanier, E. &amp; Kociolek, J. P." pageId="17" pageNumber="166" refId="ref15276" refString="Fourtanier, E. &amp; Kociolek, J. P. (2011) Catalogue of diatom names, California Academy of Sciences, on-line version. Available from: [https: // research. calacademy. org / research / diatoms / names / index. asp]" type="url" year="2011">Fourtanier &amp; Kociolek 2011</bibRefCitation>
). More recently, it has frequently been found in
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF9BFFFE19C9FC28FCB496DE" box="[724,788,987,1013]" name="Japan" pageId="17" pageNumber="166">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF9BFFFE183CFC29FC5D96DF" author="Suzuki, H. &amp; Tanaka, J. &amp; Nagumo, T." box="[801,1021,986,1012]" pageId="17" pageNumber="166" pagination="93 - 102" refId="ref19661" refString="Suzuki, H., Tanaka, J. &amp; Nagumo, T. (2001 c) Morphology of the marine diatom Cocconeis pseudomarginata Gregory var. intermedia Grunow. Diatom Research 16: 93 - 102. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0269249 X. 2001.9705511" type="journal article" year="2001">
Suzuki
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF9BFFFE186AFC28FC0E96DF" box="[887,942,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="166">et al.</emphasis>
2001c
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). In the present study, it was frequently encountered as epiphytes on seaweeds along the Seogwipo coast of
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.
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25.
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<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF9FFFFA1BAFFAEDFED79013" bold="true" box="[178,375,1310,1336]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="170">Cocconeis voigtii</emphasis>
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(
<figureCitation id="C0F49487FF9FFFFA193AFAEEFD08901C" box="[551,680,1309,1335]" captionStart="FIGURES 57–68" captionStartId="11.[136,243,1902,1924]" captionTargetBox="[155,1436,190,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-15@11.[151,1436,190,1878]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 57–68. LM micrographs of Cocconeis species (4). Figs 57–61. Cocconeis suzukii, RVs (Figs 57, 59) and SVs (Figs 58, 60, 61) (Figs 57 and 58, 59 and 60, complete valves) Figs 62, 63. C. cyclophora var. meisteri, SV. Fig. 64. C. cyclophora var. decora, SV. Figs 65–68. C. voigtii, RVs (Figs 65, 68) and SVs (Figs 66, 67). Scale bar = 10 μm (Figs 57–68)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788091/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="170">Figs 65–68</figureCitation>
)
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<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF9FFFFA1B95FA9AFD139089" pageId="21" pageNumber="170" type="reference_group">
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<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF9FFFFA1B95FA9AFF559054" bold="true" box="[136,245,1385,1407]" pageId="21" pageNumber="170">Basionym:</emphasis>
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, p. 266, pl. 10, fig. 5.
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<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF9FFFFA1B95FA7EFF569088" bold="true" box="[136,246,1421,1443]" pageId="21" pageNumber="170">Reference:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF9FFFFA1BE1FA7EFE489089" author="Riaux-Gobin, C. &amp; Compere, P. &amp; Straub, F. &amp; Ector, L. &amp; Taxbock, L." box="[252,488,1421,1443]" pageId="21" pageNumber="170" pagination="43 - 62" refId="ref18172" refString="Riaux-Gobin, C., Compere, P., Straub, F., Ector, L. &amp; Taxbock, L. (2017) Cocconeis voigtii F. Meister (Bacillariophyta) and other species from Meister's and Voigt's Nagasaki (Japan) material. Nova Hedwigia, Beihefte 146: 43 - 62. https: // doi. org / 10.1127 / 1438 - 9134 / 2017 / 043" type="journal article" year="2017">
Riaux-Gobin
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF9FFFFA1A9DFA7DFE109089" box="[384,432,1421,1443]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="170">et al.</emphasis>
2017
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, p. 46, figs 1, 24–29.
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<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF9FFFFA1B95FA22FEBC90C0" bold="true" box="[136,284,1489,1515]" pageId="21" pageNumber="170">Description:</emphasis>
Valves elliptical, 32–58 μm long, 24–45 μm wide. SV: sternum broadly lanceolate, the terminal ends of the sternum slightly large and formed as a pear-shaped hyaline area, and connected to the submarginal hyaline band. Transapical striae slightly radiate towards the apices,
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10 μm, crossed by 2–3 longitudinal hyaline lines, outer striae between the sternum and submarginal hyaline band crossed by narrow and wavy longitudinal lines. RV: raphe weakly sigmoid, sternum very narrow and connected to crescent-shaped hyaline area in the apices, the ends of raphe distant from the apices. Central area small and rhombic. A longitudinally depressed area between the raphe and valve margins forming clear submaginal rims. Transapical striae distinctly punctate and radiate towards the apices, striae of inner parts 19–25, with 18–20 areolae in 10 μm of stria.
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<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF9FFFFA1BA0F901FE949227" bold="true" box="[189,308,1778,1804]" pageId="21" pageNumber="170">Remarks:</emphasis>
The original description of this taxon was emended by
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Riaux-Gobin
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF9FFFFA1F38F900FBFB9227" box="[1061,1115,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="170">et al.</emphasis>
(2017)
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, adding the description of its RV. Previously, the species appears to only have been found at the
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locality of
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,
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. Along the Seogwipo coast of
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Island, it was encountered infrequently as epiphyte from a small rock pool (St. 2), and is herein newly reported for
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.
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<heading id="03383F6EFF9FFFFA1B95FCD5FB3E9614" bold="true" box="[136,1182,805,832]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="170" reason="1">
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24.
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<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF9FFFFA1BAFFCD5FE21966B" bold="true" box="[178,385,805,832]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="170">Cocconeis suzukii</emphasis>
Riaux-Gobin, Compère, Coste, Straub &amp; Taxböck
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(
<figureCitation id="C0F49487FF9FFFFA18F6FCD6FBCD966B" box="[1003,1133,805,832]" captionStart="FIGURES 57–68" captionStartId="11.[136,243,1902,1924]" captionTargetBox="[155,1436,190,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-15@11.[151,1436,190,1878]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 57–68. LM micrographs of Cocconeis species (4). Figs 57–61. Cocconeis suzukii, RVs (Figs 57, 59) and SVs (Figs 58, 60, 61) (Figs 57 and 58, 59 and 60, complete valves) Figs 62, 63. C. cyclophora var. meisteri, SV. Fig. 64. C. cyclophora var. decora, SV. Figs 65–68. C. voigtii, RVs (Figs 65, 68) and SVs (Figs 66, 67). Scale bar = 10 μm (Figs 57–68)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788091/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="170">Figs 57–61</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="C0F49487FF9FFFFA1F64FCD6FB369614" box="[1145,1174,805,831]" captionStart="FIGURES 94–99" captionStartId="20.[136,243,1810,1832]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1785]" captionTargetId="figure-23@20.[151,1436,190,1785]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 94–99. SEM micrographs of Cocconeis species (9). Fig. 94. Cocconeis cf. diruptoides, the internal view of SV. Fig. 95. C. dirupta var. dirupta, the internal view of SV. Figs 96–98. C. shikinensis, the external view of SV (Figs 97, 98), the internal view of RV (Fig. 96). Fig. 99. C. suzukii, the external view of SV. Scale bars = 1 μm (Figs 94, 98, 99), 2 μm (Figs 95–97)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788109" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788109/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="170">99</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF9FFFFA1B95FC82FD1296AD" box="[136,690,881,903]" pageId="21" pageNumber="170" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="58708802FF9FFFFA1B95FC82FD1296AD" blockId="21.[136,690,881,903]" box="[136,690,881,903]" pageId="21" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF9FFFFA1B95FC82FF5596AC" bold="true" box="[136,245,881,903]" pageId="21" pageNumber="170">Basionym:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF9FFFFA1BE6FC82FE5396AC" author="Riaux-Gobin, C. &amp; Compere, P. &amp; Coste, M. &amp; Straub, F. &amp; Taxbock, L." box="[251,499,881,903]" pageId="21" pageNumber="170" pagination="209 - 224" refId="ref18017" refString="Riaux-Gobin, C., Compere, P., Coste, M., Straub, F. &amp; Taxbock, L. (2014 b) Cocconeis napukensis sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceaea) from Napuka Atoll (South Pacific) and lectotypification of Cocconeis subtilissima Meister. Fottea 14: 209 - 224. https: // doi. org / 10.5507 / fot. 2014.016" type="journal article" year="2014">
Riaux-Gobin
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF9FFFFA1A62FC81FE1096AD" box="[383,432,881,903]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="170">et al.</emphasis>
2014b
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 213, figs 24–28.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF9FFFFA1B95FC46FB6C914B" pageId="21" pageNumber="170" type="description">
<paragraph id="58708802FF9FFFFA1B95FC46FB6C914B" blockId="21.[136,1452,949,1264]" pageId="21" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF9FFFFA1B95FC46FEBC96E4" bold="true" box="[136,284,949,975]" pageId="21" pageNumber="170">Description:</emphasis>
Valves elliptical, 13–20 μm long, 9–11 μm wide. SV: sternum large, elliptical and slightly sigmoid, not constricted in the middle. Transapical striae delicate and radiate towards the apices,
<quantity id="9F3725E7FF9FFFFA1F34FC29FB2B96DF" box="[1065,1163,986,1012]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.747" metricValueMax="8.128" metricValueMin="7.366" pageId="21" pageNumber="170" unit="in" value="30.5" valueMax="32.0" valueMin="29.0">29–32 in</quantity>
10 μm, but interrupted by a hyaline longitudinal line, one stria shorter in the middle of one side of valve. RV: both raphe and sternum sigmoid, sternum very narrow, the central ends of raphe close each other, but the terminal ends of raphe relatively far from the apices. Central area not developed. Transapical striae radiate towards the apices,
<quantity id="9F3725E7FF9FFFFA1F0EFBB5FBD6914B" box="[1043,1142,1094,1120]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.604" metricValueMax="7.112" metricValueMin="6.096" pageId="21" pageNumber="170" unit="in" value="26.0" valueMax="28.0" valueMin="24.0">24–28 in</quantity>
10 μm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF9FFFFA1BA0FB99FEE491DB" pageId="21" pageNumber="170" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="58708802FF9FFFFA1BA0FB99FEE491DB" blockId="21.[136,1452,949,1264]" pageId="21" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF9FFFFA1BA0FB99FE9491AF" bold="true" box="[189,308,1130,1156]" pageId="21" pageNumber="170">Remarks:</emphasis>
This species was designated from F. Meister’s slide specimens, collected from
<collectingRegion id="9A0B46E0FF9FFFFA1FCAFB99FA9F91AF" box="[1239,1343,1130,1156]" country="Japan" name="Nagasaki" pageId="21" pageNumber="170">Nagasaki</collectingRegion>
of
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF9FFFFA1E71FB99FA0C91AF" box="[1388,1452,1130,1156]" name="Japan" pageId="21" pageNumber="170">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF9FFFFA1B92FB7DFE149182" author="Riaux-Gobin, C. &amp; Compere, P. &amp; Coste, M. &amp; Straub, F. &amp; Taxbock, L." box="[143,436,1166,1193]" pageId="21" pageNumber="170" pagination="209 - 224" refId="ref18017" refString="Riaux-Gobin, C., Compere, P., Coste, M., Straub, F. &amp; Taxbock, L. (2014 b) Cocconeis napukensis sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceaea) from Napuka Atoll (South Pacific) and lectotypification of Cocconeis subtilissima Meister. Fottea 14: 209 - 224. https: // doi. org / 10.5507 / fot. 2014.016" type="journal article" year="2014">
Riaux-Gobin
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF9FFFFA1A36FB7CFEC39183" box="[299,355,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="170">et al.</emphasis>
2014b
</bibRefCitation>
). It does not appear to have been reported anywhere other than
<collectingRegion id="9A0B46E0FF9FFFFA1F67FB7DFB469183" box="[1146,1254,1166,1192]" country="Japan" name="Nagasaki" pageId="21" pageNumber="170">Nagasaki</collectingRegion>
. Along Seogwipo coast, the species was encountered less frequently as epiphyte from small rock pools (St. 2); it is herein newly described for
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF9FFFFA1BADFB25FEE091DB" box="[176,320,1238,1264]" name="South Korea" pageId="21" pageNumber="170">South Korea</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
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23.
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<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF9FFFFA1BAFFF6DFE47959C" bold="true" box="[178,487,157,184]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="170">Cocconeis stauroneiformis</emphasis>
(Rabenhorst) Okuno
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="C0F49487FF9FFFFA19E8FF6EFCFB9593" box="[757,859,157,184]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–24" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1880,1902]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-23@4.[151,1436,190,1855]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3–24. LM micrographs of Cocconeis species (1). Figs 3–5. Cocconeis stauroneiformis, RV (Fig. 3) and SVs (Figs 4, 5). Figs 6–8. C. costata, SVs (Figs 6, 7) and RV (Fig. 8). Figs 9–11. C. capensis, SVs. Figs 12–19. C. distans, SVs (Figs 12, 15, 17–19) and RVs (Figs 13, 14, 16) (Figs 14 and 15, 16 and 17, complete valve). Figs 20, 21. C. pelta, SV (Fig. 20) and RV (Fig. 21). Fig. 22. C. cf. pinnata, SV. Figs 23, 24. C. clandestina, SVs. Scale bar = 10 μm (Figs 3–24)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788081/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="170">Figs 3–5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="C0F49487FF9FFFFA187AFF6DFC6A959C" box="[871,970,157,184]" captionStart="FIGURES 100–105" captionStartId="22.[136,243,1909,1931]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,190,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-23@22.[151,1436,190,1885]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 100–105. SEM micrographs of Cocconeis species (10). Figs 100–102. Cocconeis convexa, the external view of SV (Fig. 100), the external view of RV (Fig. 101) and internal view of RV (Fig. 102). Figs 103, 104. C. stauroneiformis, the external views of SV. Fig. 105. Cocconeis conspicua, SV, the original drawing of Schmidt (1894b, pl.196, fig. 27). Scale bars = 1 μm (Fig. 103), 2 μm (Figs 100–102, 104), 10 μm (Fig. 105)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788113" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788113/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="170">103, 104</figureCitation>
)
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<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF9FFFFA1B95FF1AFD3C946C" pageId="21" pageNumber="170" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="58708802FF9FFFFA1B95FF1AFE4D95D5" blockId="21.[136,1451,233,327]" box="[136,493,233,255]" pageId="21" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF9FFFFA1B95FF1AFF5595D4" bold="true" box="[136,245,233,255]" pageId="21" pageNumber="170">Basionym:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF9FFFFA1BE6FF1AFE0195D4" author="Rabenhorst, L." box="[251,417,233,255]" pageId="21" pageNumber="170" refId="ref17632" refString="Rabenhorst, L. (1864) Flora Europaea Algarum aquae dulcis et submarinae. Sectio I. Algas diatomaceas complectens, cum figuris generum omnium xylographice impressis. Apud Eduardum Kummerum, Lipsiae. 359 pp." type="book" year="1864">Rabenhorst 1864</bibRefCitation>
, p. 101.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="58708802FF9FFFFA1B95FEFEFD3C946C" blockId="21.[136,1451,233,327]" pageId="21" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF9FFFFA1B95FEFEFF5F9408" bold="true" box="[136,255,269,291]" pageId="21" pageNumber="170">References:</emphasis>
Romero 1996, p. 371, figs 25–54;
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF9FFFFA194DFEFDFC899409" author="De Stefano, M. &amp; Marino, D. &amp; Mazzella, L." box="[592,809,269,291]" pageId="21" pageNumber="170" pagination="225 - 242" refId="ref15005" refString="De Stefano, M., Marino, D. &amp; Mazzella, L. (2000) Marine taxa of Cocconeis on leaves of Posidonia oceanica, including a new species and two new varieties. European Journal of Phycology 35: 225 - 242. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 09670260010001735831" type="journal article" year="2000">
De Stefano
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF9FFFFA19DCFEFDFD529409" box="[705,754,269,291]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="170">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 237, figs 87–92;
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF9FFFFA18F0FEFEFB649409" author="Witkowski, A. &amp; Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D." box="[1005,1220,269,291]" pageId="21" pageNumber="170" refId="ref20057" refString="Witkowski, A., Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D. (2000) Diatom flora of marine coasts I. Iconographia Diatomologica Vol. 7. A. R. G. Ganter Verlag K. G., Ruggell. 925 pp." type="book" year="2000">
Witkowski
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF9FFFFA1F41FEFDFB2C9409" box="[1116,1164,269,291]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="170">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 116, pl. 36, figs 8, 9, pl. 54, figs 1–3;
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF9FFFFA1A46FEC2FE49946D" author="Sar, E. A. &amp; Romero, O. &amp; Sunesen, I." box="[347,489,305,327]" pageId="21" pageNumber="170" pagination="79 - 106" refId="ref18682" refString="Sar, E. A., Romero, O. &amp; Sunesen, I. (2003) Cocconeis Ehrenberg and Psammococconeis Garcia (Bacillariophyta) from the Gulf of San Matias, Patagonia, Argentina. Diatom Research 18: 79 - 106. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0269249 X. 2003.9705575" type="journal article" year="2003">
Sar
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF9FFFFA1A9CFEC1FE12946D" box="[385,434,305,327]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="170">et al.</emphasis>
2003
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 95, figs 51–57.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF9FFFFA1B95FE86FF4B976F" pageId="21" pageNumber="170" type="description">
<paragraph id="58708802FF9FFFFA1B95FE86FF4B976F" blockId="21.[136,1452,373,760]" pageId="21" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF9FFFFA1B95FE86FEBC94A4" bold="true" box="[136,284,373,399]" pageId="21" pageNumber="170">Description:</emphasis>
Valves elliptic-lanceolate to elliptical, 15–20 μm long, 8–12 μm wide. SV: sternum moderately linear to lanceolate, and central area not developed. Transapical striae broad, uniseriate, slightly radiate towards the apices,
<quantity id="9F3725E7FF9FFFFA1B95FE4DFF7B94F3" box="[136,219,446,472]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.413" metricValueMax="2.794" metricValueMin="2.032" pageId="21" pageNumber="170" unit="in" value="9.5" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="8.0">8–11 in</quantity>
10 μm, with 15–16 areolae in 10 μm of stria. RV: raphe straight, the central ends of raphe close each other, and sternum narrow. Central area transversely expanded into a hyaline fascia, up to the margins. Transapical striae slightly radiate towards the apices,
<quantity id="9F3725E7FF9FFFFA1AA1FDF5FE55970B" box="[444,501,518,544]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.794" pageId="21" pageNumber="170" unit="in" value="11.0">11 in</quantity>
10 μm, with 16–17 areolae in 10 μm of stria. A hyaline rim in the submarginal area of valve.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D5DB89FF9FFFFA1BA0FDBDFC6D97D3" pageId="21" pageNumber="170" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="58708802FF9FFFFA1BA0FDBDFC6D97D3" blockId="21.[136,1452,373,760]" pageId="21" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF9FFFFA1BA0FDBDFE949743" bold="true" box="[189,308,590,616]" pageId="21" pageNumber="170">Remarks:</emphasis>
As epiphytic and benthic diatoms,
<taxonomicName id="9FCFF381FF9FFFFA19D6FDBDFC589743" box="[715,1016,590,616]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="21" pageNumber="170" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="stauroneiformis">
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF9FFFFA19D6FDBDFC589743" box="[715,1016,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="170">Cocconeis stauroneiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distributed widely from the Pacific Ocean to the
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF9FFFFA1A06FD81FE3097A7" box="[283,400,626,652]" name="Antarctica" pageId="21" pageNumber="170">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
(Romero 1996), and cosmopolitan from marine to brackish waters (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF9FFFFA1F94FD81FA2897A7" author="Witkowski, A. &amp; Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D." box="[1161,1416,626,652]" pageId="21" pageNumber="170" refId="ref20057" refString="Witkowski, A., Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D. (2000) Diatom flora of marine coasts I. Iconographia Diatomologica Vol. 7. A. R. G. Ganter Verlag K. G., Ruggell. 925 pp." type="book" year="2000">
Witkowski
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF9FFFFA1E11FD80FAE497A7" box="[1292,1348,626,652]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="170">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
). It occurred in Gulf of Naples of
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF9FFFFA1AC4FD65FDAC979B" box="[473,524,662,688]" name="Italy" pageId="21" pageNumber="170">Italy</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF9FFFFA1906FD65FCBB979B" author="De Stefano, M. &amp; Marino, D. &amp; Mazzella, L." box="[539,795,662,688]" pageId="21" pageNumber="170" pagination="225 - 242" refId="ref15005" refString="De Stefano, M., Marino, D. &amp; Mazzella, L. (2000) Marine taxa of Cocconeis on leaves of Posidonia oceanica, including a new species and two new varieties. European Journal of Phycology 35: 225 - 242. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 09670260010001735831" type="journal article" year="2000">
De Stefano
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF9FFFFA19BDFD64FD78979B" box="[672,728,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="170">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
), and in Patagonian coast of
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF9FFFFA1F47FD65FB69979B" box="[1114,1225,662,688]" name="Argentina" pageId="21" pageNumber="170">Argentina</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF9FFFFA1FC5FD65FA22979B" author="Sar, E. A. &amp; Romero, O. &amp; Sunesen, I." box="[1240,1410,662,688]" pageId="21" pageNumber="170" pagination="79 - 106" refId="ref18682" refString="Sar, E. A., Romero, O. &amp; Sunesen, I. (2003) Cocconeis Ehrenberg and Psammococconeis Garcia (Bacillariophyta) from the Gulf of San Matias, Patagonia, Argentina. Diatom Research 18: 79 - 106. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0269249 X. 2003.9705575" type="journal article" year="2003">
Sar
<emphasis id="6ABB5410FF9FFFFA1E1BFD64FA9E979B" box="[1286,1342,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="170">et al.</emphasis>
2003
</bibRefCitation>
). In
<collectingCountry id="20D8C892FF9FFFFA1B95FD49FEB797FF" box="[136,279,698,724]" name="South Korea" pageId="21" pageNumber="170">South Korea</collectingCountry>
, this taxon was reported firstly as the epipsammic from the Nakdong River estuary (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5EF5F3FF9FFFFA1FA6FD49FA8697FF" author="Joh, G." box="[1211,1318,698,724]" pageId="21" pageNumber="170" refId="ref16117" refString="Joh, G. (2012) Freshwater diatoms V: Achnanthaceae. In: Algal flora of Korea. Vol. 3, No. 7. National Institute of Biological Resources, Ministry of Environment, Korea. 134 pp." type="book" year="2012">Joh 2012</bibRefCitation>
), and in this survey, infrequent as the epiphytes on seaweeds along the Seogwipo coast.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

682
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<mods:classification id="91B9D7A99181C143894327B6D2384789">url</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="D0668972DFADE77BAE53CA5B1B2F620B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10915178" ID-GBIF-Taxon="224773928" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10915178" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D0668972DFADE77BAE53CA5B1B2F620B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D0668972DFADE77BAE53CA5B1B2F620B">
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<paragraph id="2D37A260FCD9969E539EACC991243615">
<taxonomicName id="8ABC0D1B8810B1A3490E1C10EFC05DBA" ID-CoL="4XRJY" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Sison" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amomum">
<emphasis id="A472A314685B42FFED3FAA40194650CA" italics="true">Sison amomum</emphasis>
L.
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<paragraph id="8E5ACFC3EC4D0722D47CBE699E034B08">
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<paragraph id="11996A2227916151F28F45652E132B0D">
Art ISFS: 398100 Checklist: 1044240
<taxonomicName id="6F7CA640D15F8DB72279588D8F323107" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Apiaceae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="08F5A37B980CADE36818324A96EEA83B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Sison" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Sison</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="06D809926A5E7E06A3D2AAD8D8F02C01" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Sison" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amomum">Sison amomum L.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="79A8DCA465CD563F2A1569F13A1B9539">
<heading id="09EB5FF65D06C1840F3760168F874D5A">Zusammenfassung</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5B50FC905970356CD449748494A86EFF" type="description">
<paragraph id="90FA9E42D8834970187A391803752235">
Artbeschreibung
<emphasis id="FDC400D21BEF458212CBB07353B67000" italics="true">
(nach
<bibRefCitation id="EF50166D01CD4111802F961B68E2FDCF" ID-ISBN="978-3-258-08047-5" author="Lauber, K. &amp; Wagner, G. &amp; Gygax, A." location="Bern" publisher="Haupt Verlag" refString="Lauber, K., Wagner, G., Gygax, A. 2018. Flora Helvetica. Haupt Verlag, Bern. ISBN: 978-3-258-08047-5." title="Flora Helvetica" year="2018">Lauber &amp; al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
:
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hoch, sparrig verzweigt, kahl.
<emphasis id="49794BFF0F5392E76455FFE9826CAEE8" bold="true">
Unterste
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einfach gefiedert, mit 3-9
<normalizedToken id="7A8A0538F55D5BB24C3F84F8C2C2AC46" originalValue="länglich-eiförmigen">laenglich-eifoermigen</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken id="0E731017AAB26E9406F267C61B5E2FEE" originalValue="unregelmässig">unregelmaessig</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="11662DE513F9684948CACF74663BA54F" originalValue="eingeschnitten-gezähnten">eingeschnitten-gezaehnten</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="8085978F490E8DAEE18024CEBF69878B" originalValue="Teilblättern">Teilblaettern</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
. Obere
<normalizedToken id="6F0B60ED97A31B46C1CE1940453CA3AE" originalValue="Blätter">Blaetter</normalizedToken>
mit linealen Zipfeln. Dolden zahlreich, 3-6strahlig.
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und
<normalizedToken id="4EE12D957D83578AC9D862ED608F2B10" originalValue="Hüllchen">Huellchen</normalizedToken>
aus je 2-5 schmalen
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.
<normalizedToken id="420D6D6F6C534C8E112492A4689A03FB" originalValue="Blüten">Blueten</normalizedToken>
weiss,
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.
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nur ca. 0,6 mm lang. Frucht eirundlich,
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lang, kahl,
<emphasis id="E4BE8135FD66BC8847B631E0BE043B2A" bold="true">
zwischen den Hauptrippen in der oberen
<normalizedToken id="2C12700439CB69BBCC0374748DCEA290" originalValue="Hälfte">Haelfte</normalizedToken>
mit braunen Schwielen
</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F76ACF431208A207A085533127A0431E" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="B9E10B0424882E802F35DE9E0EB47E27">
<normalizedToken id="8F7B759A269F2ACC5C7E23A2311A832F" originalValue="Blütezeit">Bluetezeit</normalizedToken>
<emphasis id="6F407772096A194E8924CAF37102FBDE" italics="true">
(nach
<bibRefCitation id="D439D145DFA9CC46996A295478483018" ID-ISBN="978-3-258-08047-5" author="Lauber, K. &amp; Wagner, G. &amp; Gygax, A." location="Bern" publisher="Haupt Verlag" refString="Lauber, K., Wagner, G., Gygax, A. 2018. Flora Helvetica. Haupt Verlag, Bern. ISBN: 978-3-258-08047-5." title="Flora Helvetica" year="2018">Lauber &amp; al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
: 7-8
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE05F860519939AA2B323B163150FBC5">
Standort und Verbreitung in der Schweiz
<emphasis id="0DF704204A0E70E0CD462878C29BE4F9" italics="true">
(nach
<bibRefCitation id="F1F4BAD5EE51F2B77A063BDB74BEFE71" ID-ISBN="978-3-258-08047-5" author="Lauber, K. &amp; Wagner, G. &amp; Gygax, A." location="Bern" publisher="Haupt Verlag" refString="Lauber, K., Wagner, G., Gygax, A. 2018. Flora Helvetica. Haupt Verlag, Bern. ISBN: 978-3-258-08047-5." title="Flora Helvetica" year="2018">Lauber &amp; al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
: Hecken, Weinberge, schattige Orte / kollin / GE
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C27B0BB0E0829D20D016A5EB7C9007B5" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="1590AA69427C35A583E407323DB9693C">
Verbreitung global
<emphasis id="0C7790BFED8D5E9A4D0379B73C074065" italics="true">
(nach
<bibRefCitation id="AE73E113D9686C6F22CEC08E9C21AC29" ID-ISBN="978-3-258-08047-5" author="Lauber, K. &amp; Wagner, G. &amp; Gygax, A." location="Bern" publisher="Haupt Verlag" refString="Lauber, K., Wagner, G., Gygax, A. 2018. Flora Helvetica. Haupt Verlag, Bern. ISBN: 978-3-258-08047-5." title="Flora Helvetica" year="2018">Lauber &amp; al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
: Mediterran
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F6FD04A1BB3521BFF3BE5696C681F0DA" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="AA23E72E7BA1D1EC236750B979D9D64D">
<normalizedToken id="E5FEE12F4149CB72031F6B635C3DD93C" originalValue="Ökologische">Oekologische</normalizedToken>
Zeigerwerte
<emphasis id="947538AC72F2343629982621E4B965D7" italics="true">
(nach
<bibRefCitation id="54C5207A4357B3800615837D493A56B3" author="Landolt, E. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Erhardt, A. &amp; Hegg, O. &amp; Klötzli, F. &amp; Lämmler, W. &amp; Nobis, M. &amp; Rudmann-Maurer, K. &amp; Theurillat, J.P. &amp; Urmi, E. &amp; Vust, M. &amp; Wohlgemuth, T." publicationUrl="https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" refString="Landolt, E., Bäumler, B., Erhardt, A., Hegg, O., Klötzli, F., Lämmler, W., Nobis, M., Rudmann-Maurer, K., Theurillat, J.P., Urmi, E., Vust, M., Wohlgemuth, T. 2010. Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen (2nd ed.). https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" title="Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen" year="2010">Landolt &amp; al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
2 + 43-352.t.2n=14
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="306CC4810E8C5E684BFADE98F6DF60A6" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="7380412E0F3E5CE1DBCE4B20FD21E92D">Status</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4C9B5B43B84AA6A99F061F87BE6B0276" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="6CC46CAA4D6E08CF64269CB62B0DED2F">
<heading id="BC1741FA2C1F5D9029082194C59D8D9F">Status IUCN</heading>
: Stark
<normalizedToken id="5C1893CD93BD81B96960FC15B23DB6C3" originalValue="gefährdet">gefaehrdet</normalizedToken>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9CDC5E27A2A71BDCF7D2B4BC1C520B68" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="3E879777ABF4BAFDA01DA4B450A37A76">
Nationale
<normalizedToken id="54C4B001FFD82B7E513DC1EA03EE08F2" originalValue="Priorität">Prioritaet</normalizedToken>
: 3 - Mittlere nationale
<normalizedToken id="6633D1BABEEC2280D695CFD96061B166" originalValue="Priorität">Prioritaet</normalizedToken>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EDFA0FDE56DF88F737618EEF9EA09DAF">
<heading id="39EB94C8D55BC11AAC1E17AE211FE569">Internationale Verantwortung</heading>
: 1 - Gering Erhalten/
<normalizedToken id="BBF463DC54153A0BB99C4A0143144875" originalValue="Fördern">Foerdern</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="49C7748A5F4686CA69EA1C5D4E4A124C" originalValue="Gefährdungen">Gefaehrdungen</normalizedToken>
Kleines Verbreitungsgebiet
<normalizedToken id="71F2C2B15E26F6CBCB55A1A755817023" originalValue="Zerstörung">Zerstoerung</normalizedToken>
des Lebensraums (Umwandlung in Pappelplantagen,
<normalizedToken id="01CB6FF2B30D5FD2D617D00A033C0917" originalValue="Entwässerung">Entwaesserung</normalizedToken>
, Urbanisierung) Kleine, isolierte Vorkommen Ungeeignete Pflege (zu
<normalizedToken id="13FD38B87F5261EB998A6E13C71E94D5" originalValue="früh">frueh</normalizedToken>
und zu intensiv, v.a. in Hecken, Kanten, Lichtungen und Parks)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="83864F01B524EF9319F10ED62E3D827A">
<heading id="6B71243167D54D73981DB0F79CFE7EB3">
<normalizedToken id="6FB9CA7D196C0E48149067C61373CD3A" originalValue="Ökologie">Oekologie</normalizedToken>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E7FF5DB01A71C8C3BFE670D11F48F74E">Lebensform Therophyt</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A90A525EEF356696B29E3BA6A0AE45BE">
<heading id="1644A1C61425F4E8B68A349F91DEDA98">Lebensraum Lebensraum</heading>
nach
<bibRefCitation id="58A987F068DACFE9247E96E2931D03AE" author="Delarze, R. &amp; Gonseth, Y. &amp; Eggenberger, S. &amp; Vust, M." location="Bad Hersfeld, Germany" publisher="Ott Verlag" refString="Delarze, R., Gonseth, Y., Eggenberger, S., Vust, M. 2015. Lebensräume der Schweiz: Oekologie – Gefährdung – Kennarten (3rd edition). Ott Verlag, Bad Hersfeld, Germany, 456 pp." title="Lebensräume der Schweiz: Oekologie – Gefährdung – Kennarten (3rd edition)" year="2015">Delarze &amp; al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="14D1F0D9FFF8DC46D9172514975D8C68">
<table id="BE0DC0A5100B42AB0B9C6B49AFE26AA4" class="table" inLine="true">
<tr id="B0C9DA3647F8CA9C625F18389F881F96">
<td id="92A5269FD7B5834DF8160ECD90918AEF">
<tbody id="12F5E74E1452E24F261F0C830217BBAE">
6.1.4 - Hartholz-Auenwald (
<emphasis id="0A994BE9BC93E122CF9D2438C48D7F72" italics="true">Fraxinion</emphasis>
)
</tbody>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="26649C308996EC1799E3D863A6E50E30">
<tableNote id="BB83456DE55CA610F69E52CB484B358F">
<emphasis id="218CC23557169DF824AF133F5C87D46A" bold="true">fett</emphasis>
<emphasis id="F239A293739D141754AE71DD93794C27" italics="true">
Dominante Art, welche das Aussehen des Lebensraumes
<normalizedToken id="DAEFF1D7E673D68FEE747CEB3E43CAE4" originalValue="mitprägt">mitpraegt</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="4090D69D76300DA78D3D0D62BF0AF6B3" italics="true">Charakterart</emphasis>
<emphasis id="D24490CDBD4489B7A838688CCA6F8F5E" italics="true">Weniger strikt an den Lebensraum gebundene Art</emphasis>
</tableNote>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4C2BE8B0AE5CC5D1058868738424116C" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="172AB94AE1EC5B800618EFF78A344266">
<normalizedToken id="27497F991897154190D262C114F4D38B" originalValue="Ökologische">Oekologische</normalizedToken>
Zeigerwerte nach
<bibRefCitation id="7650BF7A54892678E3FBF47C6BACF57E" author="Landolt, E. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Erhardt, A. &amp; Hegg, O. &amp; Klötzli, F. &amp; Lämmler, W. &amp; Nobis, M. &amp; Rudmann-Maurer, K. &amp; Theurillat, J.P. &amp; Urmi, E. &amp; Vust, M. &amp; Wohlgemuth, T." publicationUrl="https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" refString="Landolt, E., Bäumler, B., Erhardt, A., Hegg, O., Klötzli, F., Lämmler, W., Nobis, M., Rudmann-Maurer, K., Theurillat, J.P., Urmi, E., Vust, M., Wohlgemuth, T. 2010. Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen (2nd ed.). https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" title="Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen" year="2010">Landolt &amp; al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BC959E3B69EB511ADBE1E5F91064CC97">
<table id="96324A2FED0EEA4B4E12322D2F7432DA" class="table" inLine="true">
<tbody id="1707A5BDF2FEC09CF0C0C02C11B819CE">
<tr id="EC5133C72F81DFB6E61CEA958A922BAC">
<th id="8EB4726399C70E9C6BC010159D0B009E" colspan="2">
<emphasis id="B3EFA83DE756AECC5E6DEBE2DDC95A0D" bold="true">Bodenfaktoren</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="23B6A81FDAD953DF3AC5A86769B15B32" colspan="2">
<emphasis id="4F5235789AF8049303B7F983A350A36F" bold="true">Klimafaktoren</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="900C83D8035C9736FFCE0F014B828415" colspan="2">
<emphasis id="BC88C2C6287104F28E97DB3FF3E548AE" bold="true">Salztoleranz</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="D983C65D14A7E07A6FC9FD1E3C03ADE7">
<td id="06B2A4901C3055F6B5ED97B9C45230AD">Feuchtezahl F</td>
<td id="6CA18E15027E3B5846A785754474D426" style="text-align:left;width:100px">frisch</td>
<td id="DCD341419301C1623AEC9F6EBC485A8A">Lichtzahl L</td>
<td id="099234603CF346F6A9B3455049C4B210" style="text-align:left;width:60px">halbschattig</td>
<td id="B71CFC5DB81DA9A267FAED21C7A58469">Salzzeichen</td>
<td id="0C2183AAB6EF2F61112F4592FB696C8D" style="text-align:left;width:60px">--</td>
</tr>
<tr id="33C95CD33060CF063B4B60C3C32153C8">
<td id="D7ACDB30DA572DDA123670B86619DC3F">Reaktionszahl R</td>
<td id="9474A37F03AA2253B645D9C6E5568C78" style="text-align:left">neutral bis basisch (pH 5.5-8.5)</td>
<td id="701E15831AE1ECF2A1DFC2C8EB6CA491">Temperaturzahl T</td>
<td id="84F846DDD55BA1AE0AA7D5E8C534231C" style="text-align:left">
sehr warm-kollin (nur an
<normalizedToken id="88F246B4187E6D7BAAA898379F5B84ED" originalValue="wärmsten">waermsten</normalizedToken>
Stellen, Hauptverbreitung in
<normalizedToken id="94CD08F67CFC7CD49E7299781ED53840" originalValue="Südeuropa">Suedeuropa</normalizedToken>
)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9337A7388277494E0D1EC0C44CAB90FB">
<td id="0BF39C804FFEFDA81F9A2602B7B64908">
<normalizedToken id="939240832C2370DE64D23B42A1353CF7" originalValue="Nährstoffzahl">Naehrstoffzahl</normalizedToken>
N
</td>
<td id="04580E2AADB2F21B2076847D0356226D" style="text-align:left">
<normalizedToken id="C95130510448C0AF2A8BBF5A43196B17" originalValue="mässig">maessig</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="F0C667299E4E945BF5F827E169346413" originalValue="nährstoffarm">naehrstoffarm</normalizedToken>
bis
<normalizedToken id="6F7697AAE0180B8D0CC17A44CFCCE712" originalValue="mässig">maessig</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="FA573DF296292E65D0A76D384D369FAE" originalValue="nährstoffreich">naehrstoffreich</normalizedToken>
</td>
<td id="20C98A934ADF76A69755A36D0613FCA7">
<normalizedToken id="DD672A20AE0EF5DF495D7E253B736202" originalValue="Kontinentalitätszahl">Kontinentalitaetszahl</normalizedToken>
K
</td>
<td id="A7F59578CB4544728399CE129BDC164C" style="text-align:left">subozeanisch (hohe Luftfeuchtigkeit, geringe Temperaturschwankungen, eher milde Winter)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2F1150A3E1BCDD4DDACD1AD4D85BB26F" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="44A0AD494F406B6F498C1CD780FD90E0">
<normalizedToken id="34297D0C2583579800C3106C7651D615" originalValue="Abhängigkeit">Abhaengigkeit</normalizedToken>
vom Wasser
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AE8A9F49AFA895B3CB69BC4A8FDA3181">
<table id="B2C17D1A64084AE7F63760EB71966391" class="table table-condensed" inLine="true">
<tbody id="5FB355907C68664F3470495AECE9EA65">
<tr id="672CB37CB530AFCF4B126179B3A9F43F">
<td id="EE80854A825C218A63F908C8961BDBD8">
<normalizedToken id="058916C05F2A99D9CACB5433FF030026" originalValue="Flüsse">Fluesse</normalizedToken>
</td>
<td id="80E99B9EBBCE14EB7DC61484E333BE40">0 - unbedeutend, keine Bindung.</td>
</tr>
<tr id="F0D0117972A0A6516CB34261E435B160">
<td id="A1A8FE4E9C975C1E789EE407F7F1223C">Ruhiges Wasser</td>
<td id="1065F89B13080E7847191C288171BC2B">0 - unbedeutend, keine Bindung.</td>
</tr>
<tr id="0069F50DEAE8DFA5C429D499692B33D9">
<td id="6D2A0D08BC21DA00BE2162B06D6E887F">Grundwasser</td>
<td id="E609D08B95AFAA625F0E969095CDEDD4">0 - unbedeutend, keine Bindung.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F1C3D53158BEEDF676CE1B56EBC3A40">
<heading id="65C9242839AAF2F4F65BA48074B1E9F6">Nomenklatur</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="54701CB6258AFB765B7C3D99E06F6504">
<heading id="9494276E461875E9E72D2962D8663B81">
<normalizedToken id="FB32C43FF3E8780BEDDE5ADEE5377865" originalValue="Gültiger">Gueltiger</normalizedToken>
Name (
<bibRefCitation id="C814EADC6DB2A6D0E0EA6DE7943D2EAE" author="Juillerat, P. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Bornand, C. &amp; Gygax, A. &amp; Jutzi, M. &amp; Möhl, A. &amp; Nyffeler, R. &amp; Sager, L. &amp; Santiago, H. &amp; Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
)
</heading>
:
<taxonomicName id="4F3F9430F20CFDBF3B9AFAAD69D600B2" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Sison" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amomum">
<emphasis id="D6709327EDFD3C9A051AE41CC9D831F4" italics="true">Sison amomum</emphasis>
L.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58D39662736A35C3FBE58B60DAD49855" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="C7DC036D9CDD67F48B6573693807A1B1">
Volksname Deutscher Name:
<vernacularName id="D9D7A2A8288624B66CEFFD081185A873" language="deu">
<normalizedToken id="570007987EA79539B11924321AAD8E27" originalValue="Gewürzdolde">Gewuerzdolde</normalizedToken>
</vernacularName>
Nom
<normalizedToken id="899F4897A562EC5614F3B3B24DB9630D" originalValue="français">francais</normalizedToken>
:
<vernacularName id="3EEDA6AF13F69CA4F9EC928C548A450E" language="fra">
<taxonomicName id="0AA255A3D598AAAD9F8011D9891EB5EC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Sison" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Sison</taxonomicName>
aromatique
</vernacularName>
Nome italiano:
<vernacularName id="0B71CB6E72815CA64DF38CF6AA3E2588" language="ita">Amomo germanico</vernacularName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="42CFDDD0A3E29A3BF9BC413A935D528C" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="AECE7BA1EDCD48598761FD9280B770F1">
<normalizedToken id="B8E9FF07D848CDF53FE52DB1AB1BBB11" originalValue="Übereinstimmung">Uebereinstimmung</normalizedToken>
mit anderen Referenzwerken
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="38FEECC0A716B84B360ECFCE51022F46">
<table id="3FE9742B1DF42614551D16F694D5C157" class="table table-condensed" inLine="true">
<tbody id="196D2AB6154D3A9691C5D787F27F3418">
<tr id="795E4CDB61A65AB83E765E5870B12513">
<th id="944345E0D6435F4ED44EFE971C7D9119" width="80px">Relation</th>
<th id="F7D75EECF9CE39659A40756DD0213E0A">Nom</th>
<th id="542D3D3F59F4BE4574433DE3C032033E">Referenzwerke</th>
<th id="0A4F4692494C724FCCA012B0CC75DF59" width="90px">No</th>
</tr>
<tr id="41AA19E238F83320F9A826CF1C212772">
<td id="08DDF07A47168CC865400234A9DD83DB" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="C0D9B752CAE507A12B379FA37DFAFB7D">
<taxonomicName id="F6E1BE2DB2FC2D1F63B2C9BE4731B2BB" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Sison" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amomum">Sison amomum L.</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="89F58C24028E4B242BCFA5CFB8A1E5FA">
<treatmentCitation id="314B82E92D453991608EFC71420EC8F4">
<bibRefCitation id="17A65597C41C561DC56A80C63BAF3BDB" author="Juillerat, P. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Bornand, C. &amp; Gygax, A. &amp; Jutzi, M. &amp; Möhl, A. &amp; Nyffeler, R. &amp; Sager, L. &amp; Santiago, H. &amp; Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="771785402CA6907A09C682105E74DE42">398100</td>
</tr>
<tr id="BD49D0FF07AC212DF43AB19EFBA1E990">
<td id="D9FE3EC4FDCA5DEF5FCE144EC95BA656" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="7B5675CACEDB6BE6F6E1DDADA65C7190">
<taxonomicName id="D56B7CF997C1D54719D1A3CA95F92FF7" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Sison" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amomum">Sison amomum L.</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="6F9CDB7EB66968E2D3B8AE06FF6A3E68">
<treatmentCitation id="DAE91BDBFA95F45A891BFF24BAEFAD30">
<bibRefCitation id="C69B7938187CADB91AE8A696C2782D4F">Flora Helvetica 2001</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="0049DEEF245F7D886179B8FAAC0FDB6E">1442</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3B6649A9280EEE26E9626FE4A239739D">
<td id="F664D43A2B6D5BD59AB7DE23DFE6886B" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="8E36C58D14257DF9AB2E76249B7439FD">
<taxonomicName id="4C64F913314630D368C3DC0125B8AD0C" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Sison" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amomum">Sison amomum L.</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="69EC4FD868C958D59879A4C09651E37B">
<treatmentCitation id="078DFBEBDF8304B71AE119474F56874D">
<bibRefCitation id="0A63753004F867A153CC68E2AA2B00A9">Flora Helvetica 2012</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="F52BE8A443B68020CB9F08F2A69AE46F">1874</td>
</tr>
<tr id="0D0CF23E38B999438A45EDD0820685E8">
<td id="F2B8F8A337D6AA928F5DE3D3D8DA1921" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="403239A9CAB52B8A04BD69B02F5CB104">
<taxonomicName id="90F4B8BBB21BC5F2594910C970D1A42B" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Sison" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amomum">Sison amomum L.</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="AAF34225F881193BAC00F8F7A2B898B6">
<treatmentCitation id="4208FBD7B4A2E9D53D84A09D862CA277" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DFC426E8FD67462BEE23B06B05019FF6">
<bibRefCitation id="1689E04DF1645E51E05ADFAD0AF41CBB">Flora Helvetica 2018</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="298041CACF612BC6281CC5186A02C002">1874</td>
</tr>
<tr id="030FF130EA45387DD7D0995298C41A59">
<td id="5CF7CE2318E5B7D2897A8291584710E7" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="8FA5F4398C1554C0ED49E938F8E54BB1">
<taxonomicName id="CF2672E07AF3EB370D0D24ED3B6B7CBF" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Sison" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amomum">Sison amomum L.</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="3BE96AB140092B9DF5ECCF32B1C9083C">
<treatmentCitation id="DFA6E068D6B8118C8CD10410597E5855">
<bibRefCitation id="970D0C5C37C21772545046AC3BD58D5D">Index synonymique 1996</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="6BC46D753DCCFC16D9156F65010EFD52">398100</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6C44E63BC78ABBCCC4F9575F7C131BAA">
<td id="CAB2E27FAACD4E0F595E55E55730F8CF" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="C8C11F997BA2077A35EF231B37DB471D">
<taxonomicName id="482C706102DA2AD380E174DCBFADE2A4" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Sison" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amomum">Sison amomum L.</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="A3742A5EC5C1200ADDCD9EC02CBAC20C">
<treatmentCitation id="45C71A7F88B22D5FF8259C5585DE0524">
<bibRefCitation id="DEA037699C827722392302878EE0AAAC">Landolt 1977</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="3B73EBA0775930059D3025EF69A04338">2239</td>
</tr>
<tr id="53C6EBAF3DDEF06C18FC592FA5B35CAC">
<td id="274F005A484BE7D84633DCEAFFC771D1" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="5BD7A7B1A6D4FA94916E5074F94797B1">
<taxonomicName id="B0982D4BFF7EE5DA8EFD4BE51A035D6E" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Sison" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amomum">Sison amomum L.</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="CBE513E7AC2C605D55620EFD0D0B7B42">
<treatmentCitation id="FFF6E75A03C204D076852C00C63B7A66">
<bibRefCitation id="54EBFCFF06C2B32E2042E61B4D7C004A">Landolt 1991</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="BF43926B56A1E522A9D15027D8F4DF79">1818</td>
</tr>
<tr id="FF33D7A9E554C41A91A1317BFFC8CF84">
<td id="42464079A2EE430A403C5F8CC9B4BC0A" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="F395332DA5754920CE62025A7BA8185F">
<taxonomicName id="CEA53A1ACD6A37803145997FF55927A6" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Sison" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amomum">Sison amomum L.</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="297AB51CE2373B7922DB1492D0C48D58">
<treatmentCitation id="CF864606069EC204488BD414DD07BD28">
<bibRefCitation id="24C90769788E8655F552B7B6F49F74A1">SISF/ISFS 2</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="FB67276068B272D3055F8C1A3FE19608">398100</td>
</tr>
<tr id="ACEEBD5408FFC851457529C2B11AFCEE">
<td id="9D665AFCDB523415531213CCD64F7DFB" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="CB425CC379E76DAA518AAF1ED33BF9EA">
<taxonomicName id="586F5CFC1846185B0382E67F775F4609" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Sison" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amomum">Sison amomum L.</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="209DA0279372308B6B174EB0AEBAB564">
<treatmentCitation id="1DB7770CF4E6F5C3C11082008BD41CD8">
<bibRefCitation id="2A8B00F14721A3889073F65CB114B01B">Welten &amp; Sutter 1982</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="47CE38B0ED52059A217FDBAE0F16B046">1167</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="925EAE2D6F2DF591460FD785294FBB7A">
<tableNote id="8F6B222FE9057976351E04786D01843B">
= Taxon stimmt mit akzeptiertem Taxon
<normalizedToken id="7B1238A5D95FB93B57E982FF8CE2CBCE" originalValue="überein">ueberein</normalizedToken>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F498B89A2D3F2188C0C511226825258E" author="Juillerat, P. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Bornand, C. &amp; Gygax, A. &amp; Jutzi, M. &amp; Möhl, A. &amp; Nyffeler, R. &amp; Sager, L. &amp; Santiago, H. &amp; Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
) &lt;Taxon ist im akzeptierten Taxon (
<bibRefCitation id="F22E562C7E323D8DCD91B35E96183766" author="Juillerat, P. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Bornand, C. &amp; Gygax, A. &amp; Jutzi, M. &amp; Möhl, A. &amp; Nyffeler, R. &amp; Sager, L. &amp; Santiago, H. &amp; Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
) enthalten&gt; Taxon
<normalizedToken id="45042C6EB1627D78D0037F8DCE357220" originalValue="enthält">enthaelt</normalizedToken>
(neben anderen) auch das akzeptierte Taxon (
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)
</tableNote>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1238F30AC31AC1A305A78A626CC6DECA" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="AC25B4C6D8567A487BE6A4560ACA135A">
<heading id="2235C51F93256927887ADF011BB5C46C">Status Indigenat</heading>
: Indigen
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="06633672173B7A51B55811E63B5F4C3F">
<emphasis id="1A2FBB3F61AFAE9A824EF18A6D3326CD" bold="true">
<heading id="F56CC68822E308FCF53EC8AF512FEC93">
Liste der
<normalizedToken id="2C7FC416E48D4DCCE7CB2F0C76EC6E8E" originalValue="gefährdeten">gefaehrdeten</normalizedToken>
Pflanzen IUCN
</heading>
(nach
<bibRefCitation id="C01DD0B1C435A3C8498C5C301906AB1E" author="Walter, K.S. &amp; Gillett, H.J." location="Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK" publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.44833" publisher="IUCN" refString="Walter, K.S. and Gillett, H.J. (editors). 1998. 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.44833" title="IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants" year="1997">Walter &amp; Gillett 1997</bibRefCitation>
):
</emphasis>
Nein
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2CA49190108C506F9E102085B581D0D1">
<heading id="4393A992A67FDA30D649218C2A1E694D">Status Rote Liste national 2016</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="15BFD1FD00F0D4464536B1D035B213CA">
<heading id="994DCBE58C60796CD7D0801F81E1EBEE">Status IUCN</heading>
: Stark
<normalizedToken id="62903663F61103ACE8986516A2F2D6E2" originalValue="gefährdet">gefaehrdet</normalizedToken>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BB4AD54CDC5860FCFF58C904CD8575FE">
<heading id="9FF9FB0E7C257D6D8DDB77AD5C5B6B6E">
<normalizedToken id="AF2997D7B604DD1342C43A8AA297F28C" originalValue="Zusätzliche">Zusaetzliche</normalizedToken>
Informationen
</heading>
Kriterien IUCN: C2a(i)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E2FEE7480B20A8FBDBBF3D69F1068AFC">
<heading id="0156D53700F4A3CB78B214A727699AA9">Status Rote Liste regional 2019</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B56F952B0C7B3E951B03763A4CA7834">
<table id="993278AE2627D23659CEE354EC5B447B" class="table table-condensed" inLine="true">
<tbody id="FB76338495DE35CAC91DAB37DE5B5749">
<tr id="2F4164AF6535863AC06D63E8F712C853">
<th id="2F1D3FAC6F79B7523995BFB19FD1CB04">Biogeografische Regionen</th>
<th id="EE642932F60BF24A3F69AA5A408E28E1">Status</th>
<th id="5973DD9B2D7799DFF89F63F46A8F235C">Kriterien IUCN</th>
</tr>
<tr id="090B37BC685C07EB693F6B8627266B7C">
<td id="F39C51E4771F1C45EE66860A2F92AAAA" class="regional_status">Jura (JU)</td>
<td id="4B706A1BF1B016176078915995654D7C">--</td>
</tr>
<tr id="E4D749D9C6DF79F778155DF82D20DE68">
<td id="F3DBF0D89B0DF8658A4E7DF8DED043A2" class="regional_status">Mittelland (MP)</td>
<td id="AD20E9AF362C6181F10BD238DAE2A08E">
stark
<normalizedToken id="59E4FE597F59B4177C9AA2DA938970A0" originalValue="gefährdet">gefaehrdet</normalizedToken>
(Endangered)
</td>
<td id="BB56F9E04A923F5A1BC53AAC4554AE7B">C2a(i)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2DB6C3BC8B4B9FEB800450D4CBDD7FAE">
<td id="D7E568BA54DA1A00E38F070979ACEA74" class="regional_status">Alpennordflanke (NA)</td>
<td id="58649460700D73CC3F77E61CACB59032">--</td>
</tr>
<tr id="CCF0952B335BFC792FFF0DAEE31444B9">
<td id="C62D4528B97EDD557DDDBF3C25E49F7B" class="regional_status">
<normalizedToken id="B50817B588712C12C32B87F7BA53512E" originalValue="Alpensüdflanke">Alpensuedflanke</normalizedToken>
(SA)
</td>
<td id="A3DA1C6F3917761EEB178FFE2B601D9B">--</td>
</tr>
<tr id="995EFEA0B610A6875BAC00FEE8D3D695">
<td id="D80EE7AD367638EE71400947EA619A46" class="regional_status">
<normalizedToken id="487BB25A2F87A573935DBBD40012E45E" originalValue="Östliche">Oestliche</normalizedToken>
Zentralalpen (EA)
</td>
<td id="C1A60BDA168AD2B09331F0E9BB58B6CD">--</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8E83F711F259241433E3562B266D3C0B">
<td id="8418A5786A696C49B54B1069D1DCCA2D" class="regional_status">Westliche Zentralalpen (WA)</td>
<td id="37F2C07A3745A46BF9F8AC751A5E1B2A">--</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6AD50D5996C2CA3D697F9FB8EB68E431">
<heading id="87E4CCD0AC6EB0A600784478AD0BB2DC">
Status nationale
<normalizedToken id="2CB0571A84FADF2117A610E07E0B1CA7" originalValue="Priorität">Prioritaet</normalizedToken>
/Verantwortung
</heading>
</paragraph>
<table id="0ADC3C07C9A5D5E54C36C356554BD9FA" class="table" inLine="true">
<tbody id="184C9E4B0EE72DF29B0F61A627F75BAA">
<paragraph id="EF1498320FDC155231913408BC03C6C5">
<tr id="728C37551637992DAE59581D60F10800">
<td id="4B4E041C44B708888CCD234D62ECDD2F" style="width:50%">
<emphasis id="90011907786E7BC93E934F34AEAD488B" bold="true">
Nationale
<normalizedToken id="FD288519FB4636570636D60BC6BDDEB9" originalValue="Priorität">Prioritaet</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="726913E4509B28FDFE98782DDD03C5D1">
3 - Mittlere nationale
<normalizedToken id="07FA9D06FAE154D3DAFC1F2B9DB508DF" originalValue="Priorität">Prioritaet</normalizedToken>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="F327AC1E379C2FDFD3B7B614FB131893">
<td id="9D2BA982552775BAE3E299E11390EF1F">
<emphasis id="C3C0AB457415FFD3F49A78231E46527C" bold="true">Massnahmenbedarf</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="371EBD543C235A33D2A14D6D23DB1D8E">2 - Klarer Massnahmebedarf</td>
</tr>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD64BEAE4B06CAD2D37138172C374DE4">
<tr id="6F8EE90DE9936ADBDF19FF4C73ABD107">
<td id="B872B785E203C2802C6881842C78B1A3">
<heading id="7A7A27DA285611255D47B8E24BBC51E9">
<emphasis id="A50341A464150D1AD153A710E34AD5FF" bold="true">Internationale Verantwortung</emphasis>
</heading>
</td>
<td id="6E98658750FA6F15F4F7459393F1BE69">1 - Gering</td>
</tr>
<tr id="5D7D26075A390F380BB08AAFB629F7A6">
<td id="C43D52BFCA72B248743FAE56F13A517E">
<emphasis id="8C236E0B6889E761ADDC1DC51B4765C0" bold="true">
<normalizedToken id="B3DCFC735FEB7F5475C0F7B366DD735A" originalValue="Überwachung">Ueberwachung</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="BCAEFC50E10238732C977E4814E59818" originalValue="Bestände">Bestaende</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
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<td id="5CF95B85FCCD327B53A9A73E1C222079">
2 -
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ist
<normalizedToken id="DEAA51969FD4F2B02078D58127647449" originalValue="nötig">noetig</normalizedToken>
</td>
</tr>
</paragraph>
</tbody>
</table>
<paragraph id="DF5469CFCE1F74C1998D5FA30A517940">
<heading id="CA96C815965DD3F59E8CD15D7F8A645C">Schutzstatus</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FABC80A4B84EACB7AA723A9A979B9F34">
<table id="9B7EE67E50C686076F6F99DC74D9F938" class="table table-condensed" inLine="true">
<tbody id="11EF86AA84CD03A95A1AEC29B64F4C8A">
<tr id="184494C860FD4C61F3E9B375523891B7">
<td id="8A64E813205AC349BF07B92DC57E1922" colspan="2">
<emphasis id="CC78BF1174333C9695D71DD007CBFDF8" bold="true">International (Berner Konvention)</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="E8E53F8854C6C77ED0B539C9461FAC08" width="90px">Nein</td>
</tr>
<tr id="FF6B0F7158ABFFF874C76EEBFFFF7EE8">
<td id="634C73038F429C9176F5CD31C5A81620">
<emphasis id="D2C5131160B59597AE5458C57FEAF75F" bold="true">GE</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="8632EE550442D43D6993D25FDC847CEC" width="150px">
<normalizedToken id="719EFF66B3CCD197BB4A1E723423DBCE" originalValue="Vollständig">Vollstaendig</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="F7B0D063E20EEE847931CACF0177426A" originalValue="geschützt">geschuetzt</normalizedToken>
</td>
<td id="791B8CAB5ED096D59A8EBDA7CAE9AD86">(25.07.2007)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A01B201582F773661A7ACC1B32E016FC">
<table id="03909A8B346F07E0C2C4D1B9BCBE0E89" class="table table-condensed" inLine="true">
<tr id="C1CB5DFBD0281A634C87E59BB6DFA271">
<tbody id="FF2593FECEAE2C4B13C47510A45DBB00">
<td id="C8E007A746221CD433945EEF735EB113">
<emphasis id="B900C75D428EC74E40C6A610C71BF530" bold="true">Schweiz</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="DC0DE1B54BDB101A00F1F4819F0511D6" width="150px">--</td>
</tbody>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C5F427A656E65CBC6C5DF473AEA33116" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="776D1D92CD80E49B013F76F9CC0B9296">
Erhalten/
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<normalizedToken id="9A4DAFE84BD9E69AE9E872AA8DEAC763" originalValue="Gefährdungen">Gefaehrdungen</normalizedToken>
und Massnahmen Kleines Verbreitungsgebiet Erfordern Fachwissen und
<normalizedToken id="1D75C2479C3FD34B827C7243A4BFE102" originalValue="Berücksichtigung">Beruecksichtigung</normalizedToken>
der Art bei der Einrichtung neuer Projekte
<normalizedToken id="510D6CCDD157DDDDBEE1C3EA3B0089EF" originalValue="Regelmäßige">Regelmaessige</normalizedToken>
Bestandskontrollen (Monitoring, Mission
<normalizedToken id="37538A2D0146B867474DCA60CBA87BD2" originalValue="Überwachen">Ueberwachen</normalizedToken>
)
<normalizedToken id="A3F7BE9F7DBCA92EE9B23D698B075E02" originalValue="Zerstörung">Zerstoerung</normalizedToken>
des Lebensraums (Umwandlung in Pappelplantagen,
<normalizedToken id="B2E3CD14026D3E1A6390B7212541CA24" originalValue="Entwässerung">Entwaesserung</normalizedToken>
, Urbanisierung) Schutz der
<normalizedToken id="341E0C8E9974F2A85AB9C572137F280B" originalValue="Hartholz-Auenwälder">Hartholz-Auenwaelder</normalizedToken>
Einrichtung neuer
<normalizedToken id="AC86E876A9BAF93A2DD50D24F9EE8560" originalValue="Entwässerungsanlagen">Entwaesserungsanlagen</normalizedToken>
vermeiden Erhaltung bestehender Fundstellen (Hecken, Kanten, Lichtungen) Kleine, isolierte Vorkommen Getreideernte und Einrichtung einer Saatgutbank Ex-situ Vermehrung von indigenem Material (Samen) und Wiederansiedlung an
<normalizedToken id="0F4325E96186D9DDCDBA8F27E2F0E2BD" originalValue="ursprünglichen">urspruenglichen</normalizedToken>
oder potentiellen Fundstellen,
<normalizedToken id="20331F5CF5D801E020E4CC0596232D41" originalValue="Verstärkung">Verstaerkung</normalizedToken>
bestehender Populationen Ungeeignete Pflege (zu
<normalizedToken id="83BD470EFD30B0CE8AAF54ABBC1840CD" originalValue="früh">frueh</normalizedToken>
und zu intensiv, v.a. in Hecken, Kanten, Lichtungen und Parks) Anpassung der Pflege der aktuellen Fundstellen an die
<normalizedToken id="DCB9081582E3E8B5100C52E5F9E6DC71" originalValue="Bedürfnisse">Beduerfnisse</normalizedToken>
der Art (sehr
<normalizedToken id="FD648D1D4E2528BC3BDDB747B1F767B4" originalValue="späte">spaete</normalizedToken>
)
<normalizedToken id="1C8F0B143E5AC28255380565A1AEC4BD" originalValue="Bewirtschaftsverträge">Bewirtschaftsvertraege</normalizedToken>
mit Privatpersonen
<normalizedToken id="347FED558C6E8BC1B22A2A7F25C83090" originalValue="abschließen">abschliessen</normalizedToken>
Schaffung von Pufferzonen um die aktuellen Fundstellen zur Vermeidung von Herbiziden Ex situ Material Close
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<subSubSection id="10D550D65200B664FC32FB82DE5BFBBB" box="[970,1297,1044,1071]" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="5870035D5200B664FC32FB82DE5BFBBB" blockId="6.[970,1297,1044,1071]" box="[970,1297,1044,1071]" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">
<heading id="0338B4315200B664FC32FB82DE5BFBBB" box="[970,1297,1044,1071]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" reason="2">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5200B664FBEFFB82DE5BFBBB" authority="Owen, 1858" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1858" box="[1047,1297,1044,1071]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5200B664FBEFFB82DFC8FBBA" box="[1047,1154,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">Pliolophus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC5200B664FB71FB82DE5BFBBB" author="OWEN R." box="[1161,1297,1044,1071]" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" pagination="54 - 71" refId="ref35482" refString="OWEN R. 1858. - Description of a small lophiodont mammal (Pliolophus vulpiceps, Owen), from the London Clay, near Harwich. Proceedings of the Geological Society 14: 54 - 71. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / Gsl. Jgs. 1858.014.01 - 02.08" type="journal article" year="1858">Owen, 1858</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D550D65200B664FCD5FBDBDF17FBF1" box="[813,1117,1101,1125]" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="5870035D5200B664FCD5FBDBDF17FBF1" blockId="6.[813,1117,1101,1125]" box="[813,1117,1101,1125]" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="78DF24735200B664FCD5FBDBDF17FBF1" box="[813,1117,1101,1125]" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">
<treatmentCitation id="D96E254C5200B664FCD5FBDBDF10FBF1" author="OWEN R." box="[813,1114,1101,1125]" page="70" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" year="1858">
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5200B664FCD5FBDBDF10FBF1" authority="Owen, 1858: 54 - 70" authorityName="Owen" authorityPageNumber="54 - 70" authorityYear="1858" box="[813,1114,1101,1125]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5200B664FCD5FBDBD8C7FBF1" box="[813,909,1101,1125]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">Pliolophus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC5200B664FC6BFBDBDF10FBF1" author="OWEN R." box="[915,1114,1101,1125]" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" pagination="54 - 71" refId="ref35482" refString="OWEN R. 1858. - Description of a small lophiodont mammal (Pliolophus vulpiceps, Owen), from the London Clay, near Harwich. Proceedings of the Geological Society 14: 54 - 71. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / Gsl. Jgs. 1858.014.01 - 02.08" type="journal article" year="1858">Owen, 1858: 54-70</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D550D65200B664FCD5FBEBDE76FB6E" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5870035D5200B664FCD5FBEBD8CFFB3B" blockId="6.[813,1455,1149,1199]" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">
<smallCapsWord id="5E9695815200B664FCD5FBEBD817FB07" baselines="1166,1167" box="[813,861,1149,1172]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Type" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">
<typeStatus id="8774BDFF5200B664FCD5FBEBD817FB07" box="[813,861,1149,1172]" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">TYPE</typeStatus>
</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="5E9695815200B664FC9CFB14D8E1FB07" baselines="1167" box="[868,939,1154,1171]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="species" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">SPECIES</smallCapsWord>
. —
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5200B664FC2FFBEBDE59FB01" authority="Owen, 1858" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1858" box="[983,1299,1149,1173]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpiceps">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5200B664FC2FFBEBDFDBFB01" box="[983,1169,1149,1173]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">Pliolophus vulpiceps</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC5200B664FB6FFBEBDE59FB01" author="OWEN R." box="[1175,1299,1149,1173]" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" pagination="54 - 71" refId="ref35482" refString="OWEN R. 1858. - Description of a small lophiodont mammal (Pliolophus vulpiceps, Owen), from the London Clay, near Harwich. Proceedings of the Geological Society 14: 54 - 71. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / Gsl. Jgs. 1858.014.01 - 02.08" type="journal article" year="1858">Owen, 1858</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by original designation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D5200B664FCD5FB51DE76FB6E" blockId="6.[813,1455,1223,1274]" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">
INCLUDED SPECIES. —
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5200B664FBF0FB51DE0BFB4B" authority="Hooker, 2010" authorityName="Hooker" authorityYear="2010" box="[1032,1345,1223,1247]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barnesi">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5200B664FBF0FB51DFF8FB4B" box="[1032,1202,1223,1247]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">Pliolophus barnesi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC5200B664FB4FFB51DE0BFB4B" author="HOOKER J. J." box="[1207,1345,1223,1247]" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref34314" refString="HOOKER J. J. 2010. - The Mammal Fauna of the Blackheath Formation of Abbey Wood. Monographs of the Palaeontographical Society 164 (634): 1 - 162. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 25761900. 2022.12131814" type="journal article" year="2010">Hooker, 2010</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5200B664FAB1FB5EDE72FB6E" authority="Bronnert, Gheerbrant, Godinot &amp; Metais, 2018" authorityName="Bronnert, Gheerbrant, Godinot &amp; Metais" authorityYear="2018" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quesnoyensis">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5200B664FAB1FB5ED81DFB6D" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">P. quesnoyensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC5200B664FCA5FB74DE72FB6E" author="BRONNERT C. &amp; GHEERBRANT E. &amp; GODINOT M. &amp; METAIS G." box="[861,1336,1249,1274]" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" pagination="237 - 250" refId="ref32707" refString="BRONNERT C., GHEERBRANT E., GODINOT M. &amp; METAIS G. 2018. - A primitive perissodactyl (Mammalia) from the early Eocene of Le Quesnoy (Mp 7, France). Historical Biology 30 (1 - 2): 237 - 250. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 08912963.2017.1341502" type="journal article" year="2018">Bronnert, Gheerbrant, Godinot &amp; Métais, 2018</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D550D65200B665FCD5FA84DAA5FEC5" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="282" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" type="description">
<paragraph id="5870035D5200B664FCD5FA84DEE4FA07" blockId="6.[813,1456,1297,1427]" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">
<smallCapsWord id="5E9695815200B664FCD5FA84D8DAFAB3" baselines="1315,1315" box="[813,912,1298,1321]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Emended" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">EMENDED</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="5E9695815200B664FC60FA81D8B5FABC" baselines="1316" box="[920,1023,1303,1320]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="diagnosis" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">DIAGNOSIS</smallCapsWord>
(based on
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC5200B664FB89FA87DFB3FABD" author="HOOKER J. J." box="[1137,1273,1297,1321]" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref34314" refString="HOOKER J. J. 2010. - The Mammal Fauna of the Blackheath Formation of Abbey Wood. Monographs of the Palaeontographical Society 164 (634): 1 - 162. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 25761900. 2022.12131814" type="journal article" year="2010">Hooker 2010</bibRefCitation>
). — Upper molar paraconule more mesial than protocone. No mesostyle. Twinned lower molar metaconid. Notched protolophid. Cristid obliqua joining the protolophid in the middle. Lower molar hypoconulid generally linked to the hypoconid. Post-p1 diastema absent or reduced.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D5200B664FCD5FA3DDF3AF9D3" blockId="6.[813,1457,1450,1607]" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">
<smallCapsWord id="5E9695815200B664FCD5FA3DD8F0FA55" baselines="1468,1469" box="[813,954,1451,1474]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Differential" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">DIFFERENTIAL</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="5E9695815200B664FC3AFA26DF61FA55" baselines="1469" box="[962,1067,1456,1473]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="diagnosis" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">DIAGNOSIS</smallCapsWord>
. — Differs from
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5200B664FB1CFA3CDE29FA56" authorityName="Hooker" authorityYear="1984" box="[1252,1379,1450,1474]" class="Mammalia" family="Helaletidae" genus="Cymbalophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5200B664FB1CFA3CDE29FA56" box="[1252,1379,1450,1474]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">Cymbalophus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which displays a small hypoconulid closely appressed to the hypolophid by a lower molar hypoconid-hypoconulid junction on m1-2. Differs from
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5200B664FC73FA6CDF52F986" baseAuthorityName="Owen" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[907,1048,1530,1554]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hyracotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5200B664FC73FA6CDF52F986" box="[907,1048,1530,1554]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">Hyracotherium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the absence of mesostyle. Differs from
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5200B664FCD5F982D8C7F9B8" authorityName="Remy" authorityYear="2017" box="[813,909,1556,1580]" class="Mammalia" family="Palaeotheriidae" genus="Orolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5200B664FCD5F982D8C7F9B8" box="[813,909,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">Orolophus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5200B664FC38F982DFFFF9B8" baseAuthorityName="Lemoine" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[960,1205,1556,1580]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Propalaeotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gaudryi">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5200B664FC38F982DFFFF9B8" box="[960,1205,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">Propalaeotherium gaudryi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by a straight centrocrista and a less developed lophodonty.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D5200B664FCD5F9E5D832F91F" blockId="6.[812,1457,1651,2028]" box="[813,888,1651,1677]" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">
<smallCapsWord id="5E9695815200B664FCD5F9E5D832F91F" baselines="1670,1670" box="[813,888,1651,1677]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Notes" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">NOTES</smallCapsWord>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D5200B665FCD5F904DAA5FEC5" blockId="6.[812,1457,1651,2028]" lastBlockId="7.[130,775,215,337]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="282" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">
The genus
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5200B664FC5AF904DF47F938" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1858" box="[930,1037,1682,1708]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5200B664FC5AF904DF47F938" box="[930,1037,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">Pliolophus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was established by
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC5200B664FB27F904DE38F939" author="OWEN R." box="[1247,1394,1682,1709]" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" pagination="54 - 71" refId="ref35482" refString="OWEN R. 1858. - Description of a small lophiodont mammal (Pliolophus vulpiceps, Owen), from the London Clay, near Harwich. Proceedings of the Geological Society 14: 54 - 71. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / Gsl. Jgs. 1858.014.01 - 02.08" type="journal article" year="1858">Owen (1858)</bibRefCitation>
, who considered that
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5200B664FC1AF925DF11F958" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1858" box="[994,1115,1714,1740]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpiceps">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5200B664FC1AF925DF11F958" box="[994,1115,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">P. vulpiceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5200B664FB17F924DEC7F958" baseAuthorityName="Owen" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[1263,1421,1714,1740]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hyracotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5200B664FB17F924DEC7F958" box="[1263,1421,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">Hyracotherium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by more developed conules, more developed cingulae on upper teeth, and a P1-P2 diastema longer.
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5200B664FB3EF965DE74F898" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1858" box="[1222,1342,1778,1804]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpiceps">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5200B664FB3EF965DE74F898" box="[1222,1342,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">P. vulpiceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
displays a well-developed entoconid on p4.
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC5200B664FB61F884DE6CF8B8" author="COPE E. D." box="[1177,1318,1810,1836]" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" refId="ref33097" refString="COPE E. D. 1884. - The Vertebrata of the Tertiary Formation of the West. US Government Printing Office, Washington. https: // doi. org / 10.3133 / 70038954" type="book" year="1884">Cope (1884)</bibRefCitation>
includes the American species with the same character within the genus
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5200B664FCD6F8C7D8D2F8FF" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1858" box="[814,920,1873,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5200B664FCD6F8C7D8D2F8FF" box="[814,920,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">Pliolophus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC5200B664FC5EF8C4DF2BF8FF" author="WORTMAN J. L." box="[934,1121,1873,1900]" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" pagination="81 - 110" refId="ref37063" refString="WORTMAN J. L. 1896. - Species of Hyracotherium and allied perissodactyls from the Wahsatch and Wind River beds of North America. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 8: 81 - 110. http: // hdl. handle. net / 2246 / 1576" type="journal article" year="1896">Wortman (1896)</bibRefCitation>
judged this character variable, and classified
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5200B664FC33F8E7DF72F81F" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1858" box="[971,1080,1905,1931]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5200B664FC33F8E7DF72F81F" box="[971,1080,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">Pliolophus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a sub-genus of
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5200B664FAF3F8E7DEE2F81F" baseAuthorityName="Owen" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[1291,1448,1905,1931]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hyracotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5200B664FAF3F8E7DEE2F81F" box="[1291,1448,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">Hyracotherium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<typeStatus id="8774BDFF5200B664FCD5F804D82EF838" box="[813,868,1938,1964]" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">Type</typeStatus>
specimens of
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5200B664FBF3F807DF30F83F" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1858" box="[1035,1146,1937,1963]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5200B664FBF3F807DF30F83F" box="[1035,1146,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">Pliolophus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5200B664FB4FF807DE13F83F" baseAuthorityName="Owen" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[1207,1369,1937,1963]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hyracotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5200B664FB4FF807DE13F83F" box="[1207,1369,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="281">Hyracotherium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possess several common features, and
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC5200B664FB82F827DECAF85F" author="FORSTER-COOPER C." box="[1146,1408,1969,1995]" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" pagination="431 - 448" refId="ref33354" refString="FORSTER-COOPER C. 1932 b. - The Genus Hyracotherium. A revision and description of new specimens found in England. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 221: 431 - 448. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rstb. 1932.0008" type="journal article" year="1932">Forster-Cooper (1932b)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC5200B664FCD6F847D892F878" author="SIMPSON G. G." box="[814,984,2001,2028]" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" pagination="195 - 206" refId="ref36082" refString="SIMPSON G. G. 1952. - Notes on British Hyracotheres. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 42: 195 - 206. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1952. tb 01858. x" type="journal article" year="1952">Simpson (1952)</bibRefCitation>
synonymized the two genera.
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC5200B664FAF6F847DEE7F87F" author="HOOKER J. J." box="[1294,1453,2001,2027]" pageId="6" pageNumber="281" pagination="29 - 63" refId="ref34268" refString="HOOKER J. J. 1994. - The beginning of the equoid radiation. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 112: 29 - 63. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1994. tb 00311. x" type="journal article" year="1994">Hooker (1994)</bibRefCitation>
resurrected the genus based on a phylogenetic analysis. The phylogenetic analysis ofFroehlich (2002) supported this result, and indicated that
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5201B665FEA2FE81DA8CFEA5" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1858" box="[346,454,279,305]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5201B665FEA2FE81DA8CFEA5" box="[346,454,279,305]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">Pliolophus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
might be the only European species belonging to the
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5201B665FE76FEA1DAA0FEC5" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[398,490,311,337]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Equidae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5201B665FEE9FE0EDAA1FE26" bold="true" box="[273,491,408,434]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">Pliolophus vulpiceps</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC5201B665FE0AFE01D930FE25" author="Owen" box="[498,634,406,433]" firstAuthor="Owen" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" pagination="54 - 71" refId="ref35482" refString="OWEN R. 1858. - Description of a small lophiodont mammal (Pliolophus vulpiceps, Owen), from the London Clay, near Harwich. Proceedings of the Geological Society 14: 54 - 71. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / Gsl. Jgs. 1858.014.01 - 02.08" type="journal article" year="1858">Owen, 1858</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5201B665FF7CFE59D940FE73" authority="Owen, 1858: 54 - 70" authorityName="Owen" authorityPageNumber="54 - 70" authorityYear="1858" box="[132,522,463,488]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpiceps">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5201B665FF7CFE59DA74FE73" box="[132,318,463,487]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">Pliolophus vulpiceps</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC5201B665FEBDFE46D940FE73" author="Owen" box="[325,522,463,488]" firstAuthor="Owen" page="54 - 70" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" pagination="54 - 71" refId="ref35482" refString="OWEN R. 1858. - Description of a small lophiodont mammal (Pliolophus vulpiceps, Owen), from the London Clay, near Harwich. Proceedings of the Geological Society 14: 54 - 71. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / Gsl. Jgs. 1858.014.01 - 02.08" type="journal article" year="1858">Owen, 1858: 54-70</bibRefCitation>
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, pls 2-4.
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<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5201B665FF7CFE69DA26FD83" box="[132,364,511,535]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">Hyracotherium leporinum</emphasis>
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–
<treatmentCitation id="D96E254C5201B665FE87FE69D955FD83" author="OWEN R." box="[383,543,511,535]" page="340" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" year="1865">
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC5201B665FE87FE69D955FD83" author="Owen" box="[383,543,511,535]" firstAuthor="Owen" page="340" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" pagination="339 - 341" refId="ref35536" refString="OWEN R. 1865. - On a new genus (Miolophus) of mammal from the London Clay. Geological Magazine, London (1) 2: 339 - 341. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0016756800470470" type="journal article" year="1865">Owen 1865: 340</bibRefCitation>
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(
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5201B665FDD3FD96D923FD83" box="[555,617,512,535]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">partim</emphasis>
), pl.10, fig.2. —
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. —
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, 201 (
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5201B665FDB4FD8CD9C1FDA5" box="[588,651,538,561]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">partim</emphasis>
), pl. 4, fig. 1.
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="78DF24735201B665FF7CFDDFDAAFFD02" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">
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<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5201B665FF7CFDDFDA2CFDF5" box="[132,358,585,609]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">Hyracotherium vulpiceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<treatmentCitation id="D96E254C5201B665FE84FDDFD9F9FDF5" author="FORSTER-COOPER C." box="[380,691,585,609]" page="432" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" year="1932">
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC5201B665FE84FDDFD9F9FDF5" author="Forster-Cooper" box="[380,691,585,609]" firstAuthor="Forster-Cooper" page="432 - 436" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" pagination="431 - 448" refId="ref33354" refString="FORSTER-COOPER C. 1932 b. - The Genus Hyracotherium. A revision and description of new specimens found in England. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 221: 431 - 448. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rstb. 1932.0008" type="journal article" year="1932" yearSuffix="b">Forster-Cooper 1932b: 432-436</bibRefCitation>
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, figs 2D, 3A, pl. 50, figs 1-3. —
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<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC5201B665FE98FDF2D91AFDEF" author="Simpson" box="[352,592,611,636]" firstAuthor="Simpson" page="195 - 206" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" pagination="195 - 206" refId="ref36082" refString="SIMPSON G. G. 1952. - Notes on British Hyracotheres. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 42: 195 - 206. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1952. tb 01858. x" type="journal article" year="1952">Simpson 1952: 195-206</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 37, figs a-d. —
<treatmentCitation id="D96E254C5201B665FF7BFDE8DA77FD02" author="HOOKER J. J." box="[131,317,638,662]" page="104" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" year="1980">
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC5201B665FF7BFDE8DA77FD02" author="Hooker" box="[131,317,638,662]" firstAuthor="Hooker" page="104" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" pagination="101 - 114" refId="ref34107" refString="HOOKER J. J. 1980. - The succession of Hyracotherium (Perissodactyla, Mammalia) in the English early Eocene. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Geology) 33: 101 - 114. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 36358364" type="journal article" year="1980">Hooker 1980: 104</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 106, 108, fig. 3.
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<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5201B665FF7CFD38DA79FD51" box="[132,307,686,710]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hyracotherium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5201B665FF7CFD38DA5BFD52" box="[132,273,686,710]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">Hyracotherium</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
–
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC5201B665FEB4FD38DA90FD52" author="Simpson" box="[332,474,686,710]" firstAuthor="Simpson" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" pagination="195 - 206" refId="ref36082" refString="SIMPSON G. G. 1952. - Notes on British Hyracotheres. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 42: 195 - 206. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1952. tb 01858. x" type="journal article" year="1952">Simpson 1952</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 40, fig. a.
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<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5201B665FF7CFD4BDA5BFD61" baseAuthorityName="Owen" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[132,273,733,757]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hyracotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5201B665FF7CFD4BDA5BFD61" box="[132,273,733,757]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">Hyracotherium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[sic] –
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC5201B665FEA2FD4BD90FFD61" author="Savage" box="[346,581,733,757]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Savage" page="8 - 10" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" refId="ref36035" refString="SAVAGE D. E., RUSSELL D. E. &amp; LOUIS P. 1965. - European Eocene Equidae (Perissodactyla). University of California Press, Berkeley, 94 p. (University of California Publications in Geological Sciences; 56)." type="book" year="1965">
Savage
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5201B665FE59FD48DA9AFD61" box="[417,464,733,757]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">et al.</emphasis>
1965: 8-10
</bibRefCitation>
, figs 3c, e, f. v.
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="78DF24735201B665FF7CFC9BDA3FFCAB" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5201B665FF7CFC9BDAC1FCB1" baseAuthorityName="Owen" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[132,395,781,805]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hyracotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpiceps">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5201B665FF7CFC9BDA5BFCB1" box="[132,273,781,805]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">Hyracotherium</emphasis>
aff.
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5201B665FEC0FC9BDAC1FCB1" box="[312,395,781,805]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">vulpiceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<treatmentCitation id="D96E254C5201B665FE5BFC9BD9C2FCB1" author="HOOKER J. J." box="[419,648,781,805]" page="106" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" year="1980">
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC5201B665FE5BFC9BD9C2FCB1" author="Hooker" box="[419,648,781,805]" firstAuthor="Hooker" page="106 - 108" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" pagination="101 - 114" refId="ref34107" refString="HOOKER J. J. 1980. - The succession of Hyracotherium (Perissodactyla, Mammalia) in the English early Eocene. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Geology) 33: 101 - 114. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 36358364" type="journal article" year="1980">Hooker 1980: 106-108</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 2; 1989: 83-84, figs 6.3L, 6.4I-K.
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</paragraph>
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. —
<specimenCode id="0869AB265201B665FECAFCC1DA9DFCFB" box="[306,471,855,879]" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">BMHN-44115</specimenCode>
, BMNH-44115a, BMNH-M.10567-61, skull and partial skeleton
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.
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. — See
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC5201B665FEC3FC37DA85FC2D" author="Hooker" box="[315,463,929,953]" firstAuthor="Hooker" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" pagination="101 - 114" refId="ref34107" refString="HOOKER J. J. 1980. - The succession of Hyracotherium (Perissodactyla, Mammalia) in the English early Eocene. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Geology) 33: 101 - 114. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 36358364" type="journal article" year="1980">Hooker (1980)</bibRefCitation>
.
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</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D550D65201B665FF7CFC47D9E4FB8D" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="5870035D5201B665FF7CFC47D9FEFC7D" blockId="7.[132,692,977,1001]" box="[132,692,977,1001]" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">
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<smallCapsWord id="5E9695815201B665FF44FC40DA5DFC73" baselines="995" box="[188,279,982,999]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="locality" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">LOCALITY</smallCapsWord>
. — Harwich (United-Kingdom), MP8-9.
</paragraph>
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<smallCapsWord id="5E9695815201B665FF7CFB97DA58FB83" baselines="1042,1043" box="[132,274,1025,1048]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Distribution" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">DISTRIBUTION</smallCapsWord>
. — Harwich (United-Kingdom), MP8-9.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D550D65201B665FF7CFBA7DAEDFA14" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="5870035D5201B665FF7CFBA7D9B1FA95" blockId="7.[130,775,1072,1281]" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">
<smallCapsWord id="5E9695815201B665FF7CFBA7DBA5FBD3" baselines="1090,1091" box="[132,239,1073,1096]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Diagnosis" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">DIAGNOSIS</smallCapsWord>
(modified from
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC5201B665FE6CFBA6D950FBDC" author="Hooker" box="[404,538,1072,1096]" firstAuthor="Hooker" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" pagination="101 - 114" refId="ref34107" refString="HOOKER J. J. 1980. - The succession of Hyracotherium (Perissodactyla, Mammalia) in the English early Eocene. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Geology) 33: 101 - 114. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 36358364" type="journal article" year="1980">Hooker 1980</bibRefCitation>
). — “
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5201B665FDA0FBA6DBF0FBF7" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">Medium-sized species of</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5201B665FF38FBDCDA62FBF6" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1858" box="[192,296,1098,1122]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pliolophus</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5201B665FECDFBDCD9B8FA95" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">
length of P2-M3
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in
<typeStatus id="8774BDFF5201B665FDCAFBDCD9CBFBF6" box="[562,641,1098,1122]" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">holotype</typeStatus>
. Upper molars with very sligthly buccally flexed centrocrista and a very faint rib in the mesostylar position, separated from the buccal cingulum. Lower molar cristid obliqua tend to join trigonids equidistant between protoconids and metaconids. M
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hypoconulid lobe relatively large and with a median main cusp. P3 with large paraconule; distolingually placed protocone; slightly convex mesiolingual margin and little or no postprotocrista.
</emphasis>
”
</paragraph>
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<smallCapsWord id="5E9695815201B665FEEDFA88DA31FABB" baselines="1323" box="[277,379,1310,1327]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="diagnosis" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">DIAGNOSIS</smallCapsWord>
. — Largest species of
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5201B665FDA3FA8FD9F1FAA5" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1858" box="[603,699,1305,1329]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5201B665FDA3FA8FD9F1FAA5" box="[603,699,1305,1329]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">Pliolophus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Upper molar centrocrista more flexed than
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5201B665FE14FAA2D90CFADF" authorityName="Hooker" authorityYear="2010" box="[492,582,1331,1355]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barnesi">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5201B665FE14FAA2D90CFADF" box="[492,582,1331,1355]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">P. barnesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5201B665FD81FAA2D84AFADF" authorityName="Bronnert, Gheerbrant, Godinot &amp; Metais" authorityYear="2018" box="[633,768,1332,1355]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quesnoyensis">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5201B665FD81FAA2D84AFADF" box="[633,768,1332,1355]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">P. quesnoyensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and metaconule larger. Differs from
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5201B665FE08FAD8D900FAF2" authorityName="Hooker" authorityYear="2010" box="[496,586,1358,1382]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barnesi">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5201B665FE08FAD8D900FAF2" box="[496,586,1358,1382]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">P. barnesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5201B665FD86FAD8D9A3FAF2" baseAuthorityName="Owen" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[638,745,1358,1382]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hyracotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpiceps">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5201B665FD86FAD8D9A3FAF2" box="[638,745,1358,1382]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">P. vulpiceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by longer mandibular diastemas.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D550D65201B665FF7CFA25DEE7F9F8" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" type="description">
<paragraph id="5870035D5201B665FF7CFA25DA5FFA5F" blockId="7.[131,775,1459,1709]" box="[132,277,1459,1485]" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D5201B665FF7CFA45D84DF939" blockId="7.[131,775,1459,1709]" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">
A part of the description is based on the drawings of
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC5201B665FD3DFA45DB85F999" author="Owen" firstAuthor="Owen" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" pagination="54 - 71" refId="ref35482" refString="OWEN R. 1858. - Description of a small lophiodont mammal (Pliolophus vulpiceps, Owen), from the London Clay, near Harwich. Proceedings of the Geological Society 14: 54 - 71. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / Gsl. Jgs. 1858.014.01 - 02.08" type="journal article" year="1858">Owen (1858)</bibRefCitation>
. The type-specimen was a complete skull with the articulated mandible. This specimen has been splited in several parts, the mandible and the left maxillary were removed, which considerably damaged the teeth. Some other parts of the skull have been lost, such as the basicranium. The complete history of the specimen is reported by
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC5201B665FDA9F904D9B4F939" author="Simpson" box="[593,766,1682,1709]" firstAuthor="Simpson" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" pagination="195 - 206" refId="ref36082" refString="SIMPSON G. G. 1952. - Notes on British Hyracotheres. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 42: 195 - 206. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1952. tb 01858. x" type="journal article" year="1952">Simpson (1952)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D5201B665FF7CF944DBF1F978" blockId="7.[132,187,1746,1772]" box="[132,187,1746,1772]" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">
<heading id="0338B4315201B665FF7CF944DBF1F978" box="[132,187,1746,1772]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" reason="8">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5201B665FF7CF944DBF1F978" box="[132,187,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">Teeth</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D5201B665FF7CF964D9ADF8B8" blockId="7.[130,777,1778,2027]" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">
Three incisors are present on each premaxillary. A
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diastema is present between the third incisor and the canine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D5201B665FF63F8A7DEFAFBBA" blockId="7.[130,777,1778,2027]" lastBlockId="7.[811,1458,215,1070]" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">
The P1 is two-rooted and possesses a main cusp labially. There is no P1-P2 diastema. The P2 is narrower anteriorly. A cingular bulge is present at the level of the protocone. There is no parastyle.The P3 is nonmolariform and triangular in occlusal view. The paraconule is large and located in the middle of the protoloph. The cingulum is developed and almost continuous, blured close to the protocone. The P4 is nonmolariform and triangular in occlusal view. The parastyle is small and low. The paraconule is large, slightly smaller than the paracone and located in the middle of the protoloph. The preparaconule crista links the preparacrista in the middle. The upper molar parastyle is developed and high. The centrocrista is flexed. The paraconule is large and included within the protoloph. The metaconule is smaller than the metacone. The protoloph links the preparacrista. The metaloph is interrupted at the base of the metacone. The mandibular symphysis is long and narrow (see
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC5201B665FC54FD80DF7CFDA5" author="Owen" box="[940,1078,534,561]" firstAuthor="Owen" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" pagination="54 - 71" refId="ref35482" refString="OWEN R. 1858. - Description of a small lophiodont mammal (Pliolophus vulpiceps, Owen), from the London Clay, near Harwich. Proceedings of the Geological Society 14: 54 - 71. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / Gsl. Jgs. 1858.014.01 - 02.08" type="journal article" year="1858">Owen, 1858</bibRefCitation>
). Three incisors are present on each hemimandible. A diastema as long as the canine mesio-distal length is present between the incisors and the canine. A
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post-canine diastema is present. The p1 is simple and large, unicuspid. A short p1-p2 diastema (
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) is present. The p2 displays one single cusp, located anteriorly. The p3 possesses a small metaconid closely appressed to the protoconid. The paraconid is absent. The hypoconulid seems developed. The p4 has a low protolophid. The protoconid and the metaconid are about the same height. The cristid obliqua is oriented toward the middle of the protolophid. The entoconid is very small. The lower m1-2 have a twinned metaconid. The cristid obliqua joins the middle of the protolophid at half height. The hypolophid is low, the protolophid is slightly higher. The m3 has a developed hypoconulid, but the lobe is quite short. The hypoconulid is linked to the hypoconid by a postcristid. The cristid obliqua is oriented toward the middle of the protolophid.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D5201B665FCD5FBC2D828FBFA" blockId="7.[813,866,1108,1134]" box="[813,866,1108,1134]" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">
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<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5201B665FCD5FBC2D828FBFA" box="[813,866,1108,1134]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">Skull</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D5201B665FCD5FBE2DE29FAB9" blockId="7.[811,1457,1140,1326]" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">The nasal incisure is interrupted at the level of the canine. It is formed by the premaxillary and the nasal. The anterior border of the orbit is above the M1. The infra-orbital foramen is located at the level of the P2. The sagittal crest is poorly developed. The basicranium and the rostrum have the same length. The horizontal ramus of the mandible is low.</paragraph>
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<heading id="0338B4315201B665FCD5FAC2D8DDFAF9" box="[813,919,1364,1389]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" reason="8">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5201B665FCD5FAC2D8DDFAF9" box="[813,919,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">Postcrania</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D5201B665FCD5FAE5DEE7F9F8" blockId="7.[811,1455,1395,1645]" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">
The humeral head is rounded and situated at the end of a short neck. The distal trochlea is shallow. The epicondyles are poorly developed. The supracondylar foramen is large and located in the radial fossa. The greater trochanter of the femur is high. The lesser trochanter is slightly less projected than the third trochanter. The third trochanter is located distally to the distal part of the lesser trochanter. The femoral head possesses a notched
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5201B665FC73F9C4DF42F9F8" box="[907,1032,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">fovea capitis</emphasis>
. Distally, the lateral condyle is broken.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D550D65201B66AFCD5F904D84CFB5A" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="283" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="5870035D5201B665FCD5F904D88DF93F" blockId="7.[811,1457,1682,2028]" box="[813,967,1682,1708]" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D5201B665FCD5F924DFA2F878" blockId="7.[811,1457,1682,2028]" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">
The mandible and the teeth are larger than those of
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5201B665FAB8F925D811F978" authorityName="Bronnert, Gheerbrant, Godinot &amp; Metais" authorityYear="2018" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quesnoyensis">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5201B665FAB8F925D811F978" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">P.quesnoyensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The hypoconulid-hypoconid junction on m1-2 is the same than the one observed in
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5201B665FB62F965DE70F898" authorityName="Bronnert, Gheerbrant, Godinot &amp; Metais" authorityYear="2018" box="[1178,1338,1779,1804]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quesnoyensis">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5201B665FB62F965DE70F898" box="[1178,1338,1779,1804]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">P. quesnoyensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and some specimens of
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5201B665FC41F884DF50F8B8" authorityName="Hooker" authorityYear="2010" box="[953,1050,1810,1836]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barnesi">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5201B665FC41F884DF50F8B8" box="[953,1050,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">P. barnesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It differs from the small hypoconulid closely appressed to the hypolophid in
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5201B665FB11F8A7DE3CF8DF" authorityName="Hooker" authorityYear="1984" box="[1257,1398,1841,1867]" class="Mammalia" family="Helaletidae" genus="Cymbalophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5201B665FB11F8A7DE3CF8DF" box="[1257,1398,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">Cymbalophus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The upper molar centrocrista is slightly more flexed than the one of
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5201B665FCB0F8E4D8E2F81F" authorityName="Hooker" authorityYear="2010" box="[840,936,1905,1931]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barnesi">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5201B665FCB0F8E4D8E2F81F" box="[840,936,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">P. barnesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5201B665FC21F8E4DF27F81F" authorityName="Bronnert, Gheerbrant, Godinot &amp; Metais" authorityYear="2018" box="[985,1133,1906,1931]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quesnoyensis">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5201B665FC21F8E4DF27F81F" box="[985,1133,1906,1931]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">P. quesnoyensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The upper molar metaconule is more developed than in the other species of
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5201B665FAF6F807DE32F83F" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1858" box="[1294,1400,1937,1963]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5201B665FAF6F807DE32F83F" box="[1294,1400,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">Pliolophus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The paraconule is more developed than in
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5201B665FB39F824DE1CF85F" authorityName="Bronnert, Gheerbrant, Godinot &amp; Metais" authorityYear="2018" box="[1217,1366,1970,1995]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quesnoyensis">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5201B665FB39F824DE1CF85F" box="[1217,1366,1970,1995]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">P. quesnoyensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The p1 is more developed than in
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5201B665FBB3F844DFAAF87F" authorityName="Bronnert, Gheerbrant, Godinot &amp; Metais" authorityYear="2018" box="[1099,1248,2002,2027]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quesnoyensis">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5201B665FBB3F844DFAAF87F" box="[1099,1248,2002,2027]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="282">P. quesnoyensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="0CB053D5520EB66AFF7CFC35DA35FC6C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037938" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8037938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037938/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="283" startId="8.[132,143,931,948]" targetBox="[148,1439,215,886]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
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. 4. — Teeth of
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520EB66AFEE6FC35DAFFFC20" authorityName="Hooker" authorityYear="2010" box="[286,437,931,948]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barnesi">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520EB66AFEE6FC35DAFFFC20" box="[286,437,931,948]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">Pliolophus barnesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Pourcy and Soissons in occlusal view:
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520EB66AFCD2FC35D87DFC20" bold="true" box="[810,823,931,948]" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">A</emphasis>
, left P2 (MNHN-PY75715);
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520EB66AFBE3FC35DF62FC20" bold="true" box="[1051,1064,931,948]" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">B</emphasis>
, left P4, cast, unnumbered;
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520EB66AFAECFC35DE68FC20" bold="true" box="[1300,1314,931,948]" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">C</emphasis>
, left M3 (MNHNPY41-L);
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520EB66AFF2BFC2FDBABFC5E" bold="true" box="[211,225,953,970]" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">D</emphasis>
, left M3 (MNHN-PY39-L);
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520EB66AFE47FC2FDA81FC5E" bold="true" box="[447,459,953,970]" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">E</emphasis>
, right M3 (MNHN-PY40-L [reversed]);
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520EB66AFCF7FC2FD850FC5E" bold="true" box="[783,794,953,970]" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">F</emphasis>
, left p3 (MNHN-PY45-L [reversed]);
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520EB66AFBB5FC2FDF11FC5E" bold="true" box="[1101,1115,953,970]" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">G</emphasis>
, left p3 (MNHN-PY34-Cn [reversed]);
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520EB66AFA64FC2FDEE0FC5E" bold="true" box="[1436,1450,953,970]" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">H</emphasis>
, left p4 (MNHN-PY20-Ph [reversed]);
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520EB66AFE43FC46DA8BFC75" bold="true" box="[443,449,976,993]" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">I</emphasis>
, right m1/2 (MNHN-SN34-BN);
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520EB66AFD28FC46D990FC75" bold="true" box="[720,730,976,993]" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">J</emphasis>
, left m3 (MNHN-PY43-L [reversed]);
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520EB66AFBEDFC46DF69FC75" bold="true" box="[1045,1059,976,993]" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">K</emphasis>
, left m3 (unnumbered [reversed]). Coated with magnesium. Scale bar: 5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D520EB66AFF7CFBC2D84CFB5A" blockId="8.[132,775,1076,1231]" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">
The few known specimens hinder the study of intraspecific variability in
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520EB66AFEE2FBE3DADAFB1A" baseAuthorityName="Owen" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[282,400,1140,1166]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hyracotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpiceps">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520EB66AFEE2FBE3DADAFB1A" box="[282,400,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">P. vulpiceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520EB66AFE58FBE3D95DFB1A" baseAuthorityName="Owen" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[416,535,1140,1166]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hyracotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpiceps">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520EB66AFE58FBE3D95DFB1A" box="[416,535,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">P. vulpiceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
displays several more derived features than
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520EB66AFE94FB03DA84FB3A" authorityName="Hooker" authorityYear="2010" box="[364,462,1172,1198]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barnesi">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520EB66AFE94FB03DA84FB3A" box="[364,462,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">P. barnesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520EB66AFDFDFB03D9D0FB3A" authorityName="Bronnert, Gheerbrant, Godinot &amp; Metais" authorityYear="2018" box="[517,666,1173,1198]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quesnoyensis">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520EB66AFDFDFB03D9D0FB3A" box="[517,666,1173,1198]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">P. quesnoyensis</emphasis>
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, such as a more flexed centrocrista and longer mandibular diastemata.
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Genus
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. —
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<paragraph id="5870035D5208B66CFC64F924DE0AF958" blockId="14.[924,1344,1714,1741]" box="[924,1344,1714,1741]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">
<heading id="0338B4315208B66CFC64F924DE0AF958" box="[924,1344,1714,1741]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" reason="2">
cf.
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<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFC45F925DFCCF959" bold="true" box="[957,1158,1715,1741]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">Sifrhippus sandrae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC5208B66CFB75F924DE0AF958" author="Gingerich" box="[1165,1344,1714,1740]" firstAuthor="Gingerich" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" pagination="1 - 97" refId="ref33607" refString="GINGERICH P. D. 1989. - New earliest Wasatchian mammalian fauna from the Eocene of Northwestern Wyoming: Composition and diversity in a rarely sampled high-floodplain assemblage. University of Michigan Papers on Paleontology 28: 1 - 97. https: // hdl. handle. net / 2027.42 / 48628" type="journal article" year="1989">Gingerich, 1989</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="10D550D65208B66CFCD5F977DE3FF96D" box="[813,1397,1761,1785]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" type="description">
<paragraph id="5870035D5208B66CFCD5F977DE3FF96D" blockId="14.[813,1414,1761,1861]" box="[813,1397,1761,1785]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">
cf.
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5208B66CFCB2F977D8BFF96D" authorityName="Gingerich" authorityYear="1989" box="[842,1013,1761,1785]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Sifrhippus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sandrae">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFCB2F977D8BFF96D" box="[842,1013,1761,1785]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">Sifrhippus sandrae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC5208B66CFBF7F977DE4DF96D" author="Missiaen" box="[1039,1287,1761,1785]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Missiaen" page="271" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" pagination="262 - 273" refId="ref35063" refString="MISSIAEN P., QUESNEL F., DUPUIS C., STORME J. Y. &amp; SMITH T. 2013. - The earliest Eocene mammal fauna of the Erquelinnes Sand Member near the French-Belgian border. Geologica Belgica 16: 262 - 273. http: // hdl. handle. net / 1854 / Lu- 4181357" type="journal article" year="2013">
Missiaen
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFB93F974DFD0F96D" box="[1131,1178,1761,1785]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">et al.</emphasis>
2013: 271
</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 7E-G.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="10D550D65208B66CFCD5F891DECCF88A" box="[813,1414,1799,1823]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5870035D5208B66CFCD5F891DECCF88A" blockId="14.[813,1414,1761,1861]" box="[813,1414,1799,1823]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">
<materialsCitation id="E8A709005208B66CFCD5F891DECAF88B" box="[813,1408,1799,1823]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">
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. — m3 (R: IRSNB-M-130) (
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Missiaen
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFAE9F89EDE0AF88B" box="[1297,1344,1799,1823]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D550D65208B66CFCD5F8BBDFD8F8D1" box="[813,1170,1837,1861]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="5870035D5208B66CFCD5F8BBDFD8F8D1" blockId="14.[813,1414,1761,1861]" box="[813,1170,1837,1861]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">
<smallCapsWord id="5E9695815208B66CFCD5F8BBD8C6F8D7" baselines="1854,1855" box="[813,908,1837,1860]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Locality" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">LOCALITY</smallCapsWord>
. — Erquelinnes,
<collectingCountry id="20D843CD5208B66CFBC0F8BBDFC4F8D1" box="[1080,1166,1837,1861]" name="Belgium" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">Belgium</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D550D65208B66DFCD5F8E4DAA8FEA6" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="290" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" type="description">
<paragraph id="5870035D5208B66DFCD5F8E4DAA8FEA6" blockId="14.[811,1455,1906,2028]" lastBlockId="15.[132,777,215,306]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="290" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">
<smallCapsWord id="5E9695815208B66CFCD5F8E4D8F7F81E" baselines="1925,1925" box="[813,957,1906,1932]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Description" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">DESCRIPTION</smallCapsWord>
The paralophid is short. The cristid obliqua is oriented toward the lingual side of the protoconid. The hypolophid is absent. The hypoconulid is small, the lobe is very short. A post-cristid links the hypoconid to the hypoconulid. A small cusp is present lingually to the hypoconulid. The labial cingulum is dimmed close to the hypoconid.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D550D65209B66DFF7CFECEDAF9FCE3" pageId="15" pageNumber="290" type="discussion">
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<smallCapsWord id="5E9695815209B66DFF7CFECEDA55FEE5" baselines="363,364" box="[132,287,344,370]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Comparisons" pageId="15" pageNumber="290">COMPARISONS</smallCapsWord>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D5209B66DFF7CFEEED979FDC1" blockId="15.[130,777,344,597]" pageId="15" pageNumber="290">
The cristid obliqua is oriented toward the protolophid, close to the lingual side of the protoconid, as in
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5209B66DFDE4FE0FD84FFE26" authorityName="Bronnert, Gheerbrant, Godinot &amp; Metais" authorityYear="2018" box="[540,773,409,435]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="15" pageNumber="290" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quesnoyensis">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5209B66DFDE4FE0FD84FFE26" box="[540,773,409,435]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="290">Pliolophus quesnoyensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5209B66DFF4CFE2FD909FE47" authority="(Gingerich, 1989)" baseAuthorityName="Gingerich" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[180,579,441,467]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Sifrhippus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="15" pageNumber="290" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sandrae">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5209B66DFF4CFE2FDA39FE47" box="[180,371,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="290">Sifrhippus sandrae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC5209B66DFE7AFE2FD970FE47" author="Gingerich" box="[386,570,441,467]" firstAuthor="Gingerich" pageId="15" pageNumber="290" pagination="1 - 97" refId="ref33607" refString="GINGERICH P. D. 1989. - New earliest Wasatchian mammalian fauna from the Eocene of Northwestern Wyoming: Composition and diversity in a rarely sampled high-floodplain assemblage. University of Michigan Papers on Paleontology 28: 1 - 97. https: // hdl. handle. net / 2027.42 / 48628" type="journal article" year="1989">Gingerich, 1989</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. It is more central in
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5209B66DFF5BFE4FDA2AFE67" authorityName="Hooker" authorityYear="2010" box="[163,352,473,499]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="15" pageNumber="290" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barnesi">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5209B66DFF5BFE4FDA2AFE67" box="[163,352,473,499]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="290">Pliolophus barnesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The hypolophid is absent, as in some
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5209B66DFF7EFE6CDBB9FD80" baseAuthorityName="Gingerich" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[134,243,506,532]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Sifrhippus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="15" pageNumber="290" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sandrae">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5209B66DFF7EFE6CDBB9FD80" box="[134,243,506,532]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="290">S. sandrae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, or the extreme morphotypes of
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5209B66DFD95FE6CD843FD87" authorityName="Bronnert, Gheerbrant, Godinot &amp; Metais" authorityYear="2018" box="[621,777,506,531]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="15" pageNumber="290" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quesnoyensis">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5209B66DFD95FE6CD843FD87" box="[621,777,506,531]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="290">P. quesnoyensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MNHN-QNY2-2801). The lobe of the hypoconulid is very short, as in
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5209B66DFEFAFDADDA21FDC0" baseAuthorityName="Gingerich" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[258,363,570,597]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Sifrhippus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="15" pageNumber="290" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sandrae">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5209B66DFEFAFDADDA21FDC0" box="[258,363,570,597]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="290">S. sandrae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5209B66DFE59FDACD966FDC0" authorityName="Hooker" authorityYear="1984" box="[417,556,570,596]" class="Mammalia" family="Helaletidae" genus="Cymbalophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="15" pageNumber="290" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5209B66DFE59FDACD966FDC0" box="[417,556,570,596]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="290">Cymbalophus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D5209B66DFF7CFDEDDBB0FD07" blockId="15.[132,777,635,887]" box="[132,250,635,661]" pageId="15" pageNumber="290">
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D5209B66DFF7CFD0DDAF9FCE3" blockId="15.[132,777,635,887]" pageId="15" pageNumber="290">
This tooth, the only perissodactyl remains of the lower level from Erquelinnes, is probably the oldest known perissodactyl fossil from Europe. Its morphology is very similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5209B66DFF5BFD6AD973FC82" authority="(Gingerich, 1989)" baseAuthorityName="Gingerich" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[163,569,764,790]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Sifrhippus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="15" pageNumber="290" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sandrae">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5209B66DFF5BFD6ADA2FFC82" box="[163,357,764,790]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="290">Sifrhippus sandrae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC5209B66DFE8EFD6AD97BFC82" author="Gingerich" box="[374,561,764,790]" firstAuthor="Gingerich" pageId="15" pageNumber="290" pagination="1 - 97" refId="ref33607" refString="GINGERICH P. D. 1989. - New earliest Wasatchian mammalian fauna from the Eocene of Northwestern Wyoming: Composition and diversity in a rarely sampled high-floodplain assemblage. University of Michigan Papers on Paleontology 28: 1 - 97. https: // hdl. handle. net / 2027.42 / 48628" type="journal article" year="1989">Gingerich, 1989</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, an American hippomorph. However, the dental variability of
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5209B66DFD84FC8ADBAFFCC2" baseAuthorityName="Owen" baseAuthorityYear="1842" class="Mammalia" family="Helaletidae" genus="Cymbalophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="15" pageNumber="290" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuniculus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5209B66DFD84FC8ADBAFFCC2" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="290">Cymbalophus cuniculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is poorly known, and we cannot rule out that this tooth belong to this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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138
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Genus
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<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5209B66DFEB9FB8BDAB2FBA3" box="[321,504,1053,1079]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="290">Propalaeotherium</emphasis>
Gervais, 1849
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D550D65209B66DFF7CFBC1DAB9FBFB" box="[132,499,1111,1135]" pageId="15" pageNumber="290" type="description">
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<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5209B66DFF7CFBC1DAA5FBFB" authority="Gervais, 1849: 383" authorityName="Gervais" authorityPageNumber="383" authorityYear="1849" box="[132,495,1111,1135]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Propalaeotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="15" pageNumber="290" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5209B66DFF7CFBC1DA60FBFB" box="[132,298,1111,1135]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="290">Propalaeotherium</emphasis>
Gervais, 1849: 383
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="10D550D65209B66DFF7CFB11DA05FB2E" pageId="15" pageNumber="290" type="type_taxon">
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<smallCapsWord id="5E9695815209B66DFF38FB1ADA40FB09" baselines="1177" box="[192,266,1164,1181]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="species" pageId="15" pageNumber="290">SPECIES</smallCapsWord>
. —
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5209B66DFEC5FB11D9A2FB0B" authority="Gervais, 1849" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1849" box="[317,744,1159,1183]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Propalaeotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="15" pageNumber="290" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="isselanum">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5209B66DFEC5FB11D91AFB0B" box="[317,592,1159,1183]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="290">Propalaeotherium isselanum</emphasis>
Gervais, 1849
</taxonomicName>
by original designation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D550D65209B66DFF7CFB44D96AFAB4" pageId="15" pageNumber="290" type="taxon_list">
<paragraph id="5870035D5209B66DFF7CFB44D96AFAB4" blockId="15.[132,774,1234,1312]" pageId="15" pageNumber="290">
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<smallCapsWord id="5E9695815209B66DFF08FB41DA7DFB7C" baselines="1252" box="[240,311,1239,1256]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="species" pageId="15" pageNumber="290">SPECIES</smallCapsWord>
. —
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5209B66DFE9AFB44D9C3FB7E" authority="Gervais, 1849" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1849" box="[354,649,1234,1258]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Propalaeotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="15" pageNumber="290" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argentonicum">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5209B66DFE9AFB44DAB2FB7D" box="[354,504,1234,1257]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="290">P. argentonicum</emphasis>
Gervais, 1849
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5209B66DFD6AFB44DA4FFA90" authority="Haupt, 1925" authorityName="Haupt" authorityYear="1925" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Propalaeotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="15" pageNumber="290" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hassiacum">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5209B66DFD6AFB44D84CFB7E" box="[658,774,1234,1258]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="290">P. hassiacum</emphasis>
Haupt, 1925
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5209B66DFEF6FB7BD9FEFA90" authority="Savage, Russell &amp; Louis, 1965" authorityName="Savage, Russell &amp; Louis" authorityYear="1965" box="[270,692,1260,1285]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Propalaeotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="15" pageNumber="290" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="helveticum">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5209B66DFEF6FB7BDACDFA91" box="[270,391,1261,1285]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="290">P. helveticum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC5209B66DFE76FB7BD9FEFA90" author="Savage, Russell &amp; Louis" box="[398,692,1260,1285]" firstAuthor="Savage" pageId="15" pageNumber="290" refId="ref36035" refString="SAVAGE D. E., RUSSELL D. E. &amp; LOUIS P. 1965. - European Eocene Equidae (Perissodactyla). University of California Press, Berkeley, 94 p. (University of California Publications in Geological Sciences; 56)." type="book" year="1965">Savage, Russell &amp; Louis, 1965</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5209B66DFD45FB7BDA5CFAB4" authority="Matthes, 1977" authorityName="Matthes" authorityYear="1977" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Propalaeotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="15" pageNumber="290" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="voigti">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5209B66DFD45FB7BD84CFA90" box="[701,774,1261,1284]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="290">P. voigti</emphasis>
Matthes, 1977
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5209B66DFED8FA9ED956FAB4" authority="Lemoine, 1878" authorityName="Lemoine" authorityYear="1878" box="[288,540,1287,1312]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Propalaeotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="15" pageNumber="290" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gaudryi">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5209B66DFED8FA9EDA37FA8B" box="[288,381,1287,1311]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="290">P. gaudryi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC5209B66DFE7BFA91D956FAB4" author="Lemoine" box="[387,540,1287,1312]" firstAuthor="Lemoine" pageId="15" pageNumber="290" refId="ref34725" refString="LEMOINE V. 1878. - Communication sur les ossements fossiles des terrains tertiaires inferieurs des environs de Reims, in Comptes rendus des seances du Congres de l'Association francaise pour l'avancement des sciences. Societe d'Histoire naturelle de Reims, Reims, 24 p." type="book" year="1878">Lemoine, 1878</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D550D65209B66DFF7CFAAEDAF0F906" pageId="15" pageNumber="290" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="5870035D5209B66DFF7CFAAEDAF0F906" blockId="15.[131,777,1335,1682]" pageId="15" pageNumber="290">
<smallCapsWord id="5E9695815209B66DFF7CFAAEDBA4FADA" baselines="1353,1354" box="[132,238,1336,1359]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Diagnosis" pageId="15" pageNumber="290">DIAGNOSIS</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="5E9695815209B66DFF0AFAABDA41FADA" baselines="1354" box="[242,267,1341,1358]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="of" pageId="15" pageNumber="290">OF</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="5E9695815209B66DFEE8FAABDA05FADA" baselines="1354" box="[272,335,1341,1358]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="genus" pageId="15" pageNumber="290">GENUS</smallCapsWord>
(modified from
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC5209B66DFE10FAAED9C0FADB" author="Remy" box="[488,650,1335,1360]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Remy" pageId="15" pageNumber="290" pagination="1" refId="ref35765" refString="REMY J. A., KRASOVEC G. &amp; MARANDAT B. 2016. - A new species of Propalaeotherium (Palaeotheriidae, Perissodactyla, Mammalia) from the Middle Eocene locality of Aumelas (Herault, France). Palaeovertebrata 40: e 1. https: // doi. org / 10.18563 / pv. 40.2. e 1" type="journal article" year="2016">
Remy
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5209B66DFDDFFAAED918FADB" box="[551,594,1335,1359]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="290">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
). — Small to large Eocene equoids with estimated skull length from 120 to over 250 millimeters; dental formula: 3.1.4.3/3.1.4.3; brachylophodont dentition; upper molars with more or less pronounced mesostyle; upper premolars non-molariform, lacking hypocone; mesostyle on P3-4/ and entoconid on P/3-4 appearing in youngest species; lower cheek teeth without paraconid; lower molars with rounded crescentic lobes and prominent metaconid that is twinned; lingual cingula on upper molars, usually weak or absent; lower cheek teeth with more or less developed labial cingula, but with weak or absent lingual cingula; rather short postcanine diastema.
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5209B66DFDA7F9D2D84FF9C8" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1849" box="[607,773,1604,1628]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Propalaeotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="15" pageNumber="290" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5209B66DFDA7F9D2D84FF9C8" box="[607,773,1604,1628]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="290">Propalaeotherium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5209B66DFEFAF9C9DA27F9E3" authorityName="Franzen" authorityYear="2006" box="[258,365,1631,1655]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Eurohippus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="15" pageNumber="290" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5209B66DFEFAF9C9DA27F9E3" box="[258,365,1631,1655]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="290">Eurohippus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by a wider skull and narrower ascending ramus with regard to its height.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<subSubSection id="10D550D6520AB66EFC22FA22DE48FA5A" box="[986,1282,1459,1486]" pageId="12" pageNumber="287" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="5870035D520AB66EFC22FA22DE48FA5A" blockId="12.[986,1282,1459,1486]" box="[986,1282,1459,1486]" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">
<heading id="0338B431520AB66EFC22FA22DE48FA5A" box="[986,1282,1459,1486]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="287" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520AB66EFC22FA22DE48FA5A" baseAuthorityName="Owen" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[986,1282,1459,1486]" class="Mammalia" family="Helaletidae" genus="Cymbalophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="12" pageNumber="287" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuniculus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520AB66EFC22FA22DF26FA5A" bold="true" box="[986,1132,1460,1486]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">Cymbalophus</emphasis>
aff.
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520AB66EFB64FA22DE48FA5A" bold="true" box="[1180,1282,1460,1486]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">cuniculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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<subSubSection id="10D550D6520AB66EFBC6FA45DFD4FA79" box="[1086,1182,1491,1517]" pageId="12" pageNumber="287" type="description">
<paragraph id="5870035D520AB66EFBC6FA45DFD4FA79" blockId="12.[1086,1182,1491,1517]" box="[1086,1182,1491,1517]" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">
(
<figureCitation id="C0F41FD8520AB66EFBBEFA45DFDCFA79" box="[1094,1174,1491,1517]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,922,939]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,879]" captionTargetId="figure-491@12.[698,1269,213,785]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 6. — Teeth of Cymbalophus cuniculus (Owen, 1842) from Erquelinnes and Kyson, and C. aff. cuniculus from Condé-en-Brie in occlusal view; A, mandibular symphysis (IRSNB-M-167); B, right m3 (MNHN-CB1597); C, right m3 (BMNH-14113); D, left P3 (BMNH-36572); E, left M3 (lectotype, BMNH-36569); F, left p3- m2 (IRSNB-M-167); G, right m3 (BMNH-29710). B, coated with magnesium. Scale bar: 5 mm. Photo credits A, C-G, C. Bronnert." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037944" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037944/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
)
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<paragraph id="5870035D520AB66EFCD5F99AD8C5F9AA" blockId="12.[813,1455,1548,1598]" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">
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. — m3 (R:
<specimenCode id="0869AB26520AB66EFBF3F99ADF9AF9B0" box="[1035,1232,1548,1572]" collectionCode="MNHN-MU" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">MNHN-MU12263</specimenCode>
[broken]; L:
<specimenCode id="0869AB26520AB66EFAACF99AD8CFF9AA" collectionCode="MNHN-CB" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">MNHN-CB1597</specimenCode>
)
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.
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<paragraph id="5870035D520AB66EFCD5F9C0DE0AF9FA" blockId="12.[813,1344,1622,1646]" box="[813,1344,1622,1646]" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">
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. — Mutigny, Condé-en-Brie (MP8+9).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D520AB66EFCD5F924D8AFF958" blockId="12.[812,1456,1683,1804]" box="[813,997,1714,1740]" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520AB66EFCD5F924D8AFF958" box="[813,997,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">m3 from Mutigny</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D520AB66EFCD5F944DFE0F898" blockId="12.[812,1456,1683,1804]" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">The tooth is worn and broken, only the talonid is preserved. The hypoconulid lobe is very short.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D520AB66EFCD5F8A4DFC1F8D8" blockId="12.[813,1163,1841,1868]" box="[813,1163,1841,1868]" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">
<heading id="0338B431520AB66EFCD5F8A4DFC1F8D8" box="[813,1163,1841,1868]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="287" reason="8">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520AB66EFCD5F8A4DFC1F8D8" box="[813,1163,1841,1868]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">
m3 from Condé-en-Brie (
<figureCitation id="C0F41FD8520AB66EFBCDF8A4DFC9F8D8" box="[1077,1155,1841,1868]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,922,939]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,879]" captionTargetId="figure-491@12.[698,1269,213,785]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 6. — Teeth of Cymbalophus cuniculus (Owen, 1842) from Erquelinnes and Kyson, and C. aff. cuniculus from Condé-en-Brie in occlusal view; A, mandibular symphysis (IRSNB-M-167); B, right m3 (MNHN-CB1597); C, right m3 (BMNH-14113); D, left P3 (BMNH-36572); E, left M3 (lectotype, BMNH-36569); F, left p3- m2 (IRSNB-M-167); G, right m3 (BMNH-29710). B, coated with magnesium. Scale bar: 5 mm. Photo credits A, C-G, C. Bronnert." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037944" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037944/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D520AB66EFCD5F8C7DEFAF87F" blockId="12.[811,1457,1873,2027]" pageId="12" pageNumber="287">The metaconid is not twinned.The lophs are high and well developed. The protolophid is more notched than the hypolophid. The hypoconulid is small, the hypoconulid lobe is very short. A postcristid links the hypoconid to the hypoconulid. The cristid obliqua is oriented toward the middle of the protolophid.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D550D6520BB66FFF7CFF41D9BCFC5B" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" type="discussion">
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D520BB66FFF7CFF61DA98FE25" blockId="13.[130,776,215,433]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">
The teeth have the same proportion as those of
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520BB66FFD87FF6ED84AFE85" baseAuthorityName="Owen" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[639,768,247,274]" class="Mammalia" family="Helaletidae" genus="Cymbalophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuniculus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520BB66FFD87FF6ED84AFE85" box="[639,768,247,274]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">C. cuniculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The protolophid is less developed than in
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520BB66FFDB7FE81D99AFEA5" baseAuthorityName="Owen" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[591,720,279,305]" class="Mammalia" family="Helaletidae" genus="Cymbalophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuniculus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520BB66FFDB7FE81D99AFEA5" box="[591,720,279,305]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">C. cuniculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the cristid obliqua is slightly more lingual. The cristid obliqua ends higher on the protolophid than in
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520BB66FFDDDFEC1D981FEE5" baseAuthorityName="Owen" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[549,715,343,369]" class="Mammalia" family="Helaletidae" genus="Cymbalophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuniculus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520BB66FFDDDFEC1D974FEE5" box="[549,574,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">C.</emphasis>
aff.
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520BB66FFD92FEC1D981FEE5" box="[618,715,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">cuniculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Rians (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520BB66FFF28FEE1DA21FE05" author="Godinot" box="[208,363,375,401]" firstAuthor="Godinot" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" pagination="43 - 126" refId="ref33821" refString="GODINOT M. 1981. - Les mammiferes de Rians (Eocene inferieur, Provence). Palaeovertebrata 10 (2): 43 - 126. http: // pascal-francis. inist. fr / vibad / index. php? action = getRecordDetail &amp; idt = PASCAL GEODEBRGM 8220097519" type="journal article" year="1981">Godinot 1981</bibRefCitation>
). The paralophid is much shorter than in
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520BB66FFF59FE01DA01FE25" baseAuthorityName="Owen" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[161,331,407,433]" class="Mammalia" family="Helaletidae" genus="Cymbalophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuniculus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520BB66FFF59FE01DBF0FE25" box="[161,186,407,433]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">C.</emphasis>
aff.
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520BB66FFF12FE01DA01FE25" box="[234,331,407,433]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">cuniculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Rians.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D520BB66FFF7CFE41DBB0FE7B" blockId="13.[130,776,471,975]" box="[132,250,471,497]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D520BB66FFF7CFE60D9BCFC5B" blockId="13.[130,776,471,975]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">
The dental morphology is very similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520BB66FFD87FE61D9B4FD84" baseAuthorityName="Owen" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[639,766,502,529]" class="Mammalia" family="Helaletidae" genus="Cymbalophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuniculus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520BB66FFD87FE61D9B4FD84" box="[639,766,502,529]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">C. cuniculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, except for the more lingually directed cristid obliqua which is a derived feature. However, such a character could be intraspecific variation (
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520BB66FFEDFFDC0DAE3FDE4" baseAuthorityName="Owen" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[295,425,598,624]" class="Mammalia" family="Helaletidae" genus="Cymbalophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuniculus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520BB66FFEDFFDC0DAE3FDE4" box="[295,425,598,624]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">C. cuniculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not well known), or temporal and/or geographic variation within a population. The fossil record of
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520BB66FFF08FD00DA31FD24" authorityName="Hooker" authorityYear="1984" box="[240,379,662,688]" class="Mammalia" family="Helaletidae" genus="Cymbalophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520BB66FFF08FD00DA31FD24" box="[240,379,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">Cymbalophus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very scarce as this genus has been recorded only from localities close to the MP7. The discovery of specimens in Condé-en-Brie and Mutigny (MP8-9) extends its range, and this allows to assume some morphological variation of the species through time. Nevertheless, considering the few fossils discovered for this species in these MP8-9 localities, and particularly in Prémontré (MP10) which has yielded a large number of specimens, we do not exclude that this is an extreme and poorly represented variation of
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520BB66FFF7EFC23DA04FC5B" baseAuthorityName="Lemoine" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[134,334,949,975]" class="Mammalia" family="Palaeotheriidae" genus="Orolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maldani">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520BB66FFF7EFC23DA04FC5B" box="[134,334,949,975]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">Orolophus maldani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is widespread in these deposits.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<paragraph id="5870035D520BB66FFF08FA83D9D1FABA" blockId="13.[240,667,1300,1358]" box="[240,667,1300,1327]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520BB66FFF08FA83D9D1FABA" authority="Owen, 1841" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1841" box="[240,667,1300,1327]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hyracotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leporinum">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520BB66FFF08FA83D946FABB" bold="true" box="[240,524,1301,1327]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">Hyracotherium leporinum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520BB66FFDEBFA82D9D1FABA" author="Owen" box="[531,667,1300,1326]" firstAuthor="Owen" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" pagination="203 - 206" refId="ref35323" refString="OWEN R. 1841. - Description of the fossil remains of a Mammal (Hyracotherium leporinum) and of a bird (Lithornis vulturinus) from the London Clay. Transactions of the Geological Society of London 5: 203 - 206. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / transgslb. 6.1.203" type="journal article" year="1841">Owen, 1841</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="10D550D6520BB66FFE66FAA2DAA7FADA" box="[414,493,1332,1358]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" type="description">
<paragraph id="5870035D520BB66FFE66FAA2DAA7FADA" blockId="13.[240,667,1300,1358]" box="[414,493,1332,1358]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">
(
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)
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="10D550D6520BB66FFF7CFAFED99EFA74" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="5870035D520BB66FFF7CFAFED9D8FA21" blockId="13.[130,777,1384,2028]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520BB66FFF7CFAFED903FA14" authority="Owen, 1841: 203 - 206" authorityName="Owen" authorityPageNumber="203 - 206" authorityYear="1841" box="[132,585,1384,1408]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hyracotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leporinum">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520BB66FFF7CFAFEDA3AFA14" box="[132,368,1384,1408]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">Hyracotherium leporinum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520BB66FFE8CFAFED903FA14" author="Owen" box="[372,585,1384,1408]" firstAuthor="Owen" page="203 - 206" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" pagination="203 - 206" refId="ref35323" refString="OWEN R. 1841. - Description of the fossil remains of a Mammal (Hyracotherium leporinum) and of a bird (Lithornis vulturinus) from the London Clay. Transactions of the Geological Society of London 5: 203 - 206. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / transgslb. 6.1.203" type="journal article" year="1841">Owen, 1841: 203-206</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520BB66FFDA8FAFED9FBFA14" author="Owen" box="[592,689,1384,1408]" firstAuthor="Owen" page="340" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" pagination="339 - 341" refId="ref35536" refString="OWEN R. 1865. - On a new genus (Miolophus) of mammal from the London Clay. Geological Magazine, London (1) 2: 339 - 341. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0016756800470470" type="journal article" year="1865">1865: 340</bibRefCitation>
(
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520BB66FFD44FAFFD9B3FA14" box="[700,761,1385,1408]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">partim</emphasis>
), pl. 10, fig. 2. —
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520BB66FFED4FA15D95BFA0F" author="Deperet" box="[300,529,1411,1435]" firstAuthor="Deperet" page="200 - 201" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" pagination="199 - 225" refId="ref33207" refString="DEPERET C. 1901. - Revision des formes europeennes de la famille des Hyracotherides. Bulletin de la Societe geologique de France, 4 eme serie, 1: 199 - 225. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 30552662" type="journal article" year="1901">Depéret 1901: 200-201</bibRefCitation>
(
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520BB66FFDD8FA15D915FA0E" box="[544,607,1411,1434]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">partim</emphasis>
), pl. 4, fig. 1. —
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520BB66FFF7DFA0BDA28FA21" author="Savage" box="[133,354,1437,1461]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Savage" page="6 - 8" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" refId="ref36035" refString="SAVAGE D. E., RUSSELL D. E. &amp; LOUIS P. 1965. - European Eocene Equidae (Perissodactyla). University of California Press, Berkeley, 94 p. (University of California Publications in Geological Sciences; 56)." type="book" year="1965">
Savage
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520BB66FFF33FA08DBB0FA21" box="[203,250,1437,1461]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">et al.</emphasis>
1965: 6-8
</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 2h. —
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520BB66FFE20FA0BD9C4FA21" author="Lydekker" box="[472,654,1437,1461]" firstAuthor="Lydekker" page="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" refId="ref34818" refString="LYDEKKER R. 1886. - Catalogue of the Fossil Mammalia in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. 3. Order of the Trustees, 186 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 61849" type="book" year="1886">Lydekker 1886: 11</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D520BB66FFF7CFA5ED99EFA74" blockId="13.[130,777,1384,2028]" box="[132,724,1480,1504]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="78DF2473520BB66FFF7CFA5ED99EFA74" box="[132,724,1480,1504]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520BB66FFF7CFA5EDAD6FA74" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1841" box="[132,412,1480,1504]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hyracotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leporinum">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520BB66FFF7CFA5EDA5BFA74" box="[132,273,1480,1504]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">Hyracotherium</emphasis>
aff.
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520BB66FFEC4FA5EDAD6FA74" box="[316,412,1480,1504]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">leporinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<treatmentCitation id="D96E254C520BB66FFE4EFA5ED9C9FA74" author="HOOKER J. J." box="[438,643,1480,1504]" page="53" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" year="1994">
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520BB66FFE4EFA5ED9C9FA74" author="Hooker" box="[438,643,1480,1504]" firstAuthor="Hooker" page="53 - 57" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" pagination="29 - 63" refId="ref34268" refString="HOOKER J. J. 1994. - The beginning of the equoid radiation. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 112: 29 - 63. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1994. tb 00311. x" type="journal article" year="1994">Hooker 1994: 53-57</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 20.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D550D6520BB66FFF7CFA62D91EF854" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5870035D520BB66FFF7CFA62DB98F9B2" blockId="13.[130,777,1384,2028]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">
<materialsCitation id="E8A70900520BB66FFF7CFA62DB84F9B2" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" specimenCode="BMNH M16336" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<smallCapsWord id="5E969581520BB66FFF7CFA62DBA5F99E" baselines="1541,1542" box="[132,239,1524,1547]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Holotype" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">
<typeStatus id="8774BDFF520BB66FFF7CFA62DBA5F99E" box="[132,239,1524,1547]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
</smallCapsWord>
. —
<specimenCode id="0869AB26520BB66FFEE3FA62DA83F99F" box="[283,457,1523,1547]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">BMNH M16336</specimenCode>
, skull with right P2-M3 and left P4-M2
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D520BB66FFF7CF9AFD9C8F9C4" blockId="13.[130,777,1384,2028]" box="[132,642,1593,1617]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">
<materialsCitation id="E8A70900520BB66FFF7CF9AFD9C8F9C4" box="[132,642,1593,1617]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">
<smallCapsWord id="5E969581520BB66FFF7CF9AFDBADF9DB" baselines="1610,1611" box="[132,231,1593,1616]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Material" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">MATERIAL</smallCapsWord>
. —
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520BB66FFEECF9AFDACAF9C5" bold="true" box="[276,384,1593,1617]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">Herne Bay</emphasis>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520BB66FFE48F9AFD97FF9C5" author="Hooker" box="[432,565,1593,1617]" firstAuthor="Hooker" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" pagination="101 - 114" refId="ref34107" refString="HOOKER J. J. 1980. - The succession of Hyracotherium (Perissodactyla, Mammalia) in the English early Eocene. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Geology) 33: 101 - 114. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 36358364" type="journal article" year="1980">Hooker 1980</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520BB66FFDB9F9AFD93FF9C5" author="Hooker" box="[577,629,1593,1617]" firstAuthor="Hooker" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" pagination="29 - 63" refId="ref34268" refString="HOOKER J. J. 1994. - The beginning of the equoid radiation. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 112: 29 - 63. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1994. tb 00311. x" type="journal article" year="1994">1994</bibRefCitation>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D520BB66FFF7CF9F3DACEF88F" blockId="13.[130,777,1384,2028]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">
<materialsCitation id="E8A70900520BB66FFF7CF9F3DACAF88F" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520BB66FFF7CF9F3DB92F9E9" bold="true" box="[132,216,1637,1661]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">Mutigny</emphasis>
: P4 (R: MNHN-MU5919); M1/2 (R: MNHN-MU220-L, MU12329 [broken]; L: MNHN-MU222-L, MU17167, MU12375 [worn]); M3? (L: MNHN-MU192-L); dp3 (L: MNHN-MU200-L); p3 (R: MNHN-MU5640), dp4 (R: MNHN-MU12300, MU12385 [broken]); p4 (L: MNHN-MU6574); m1/2 (R: MNHN-MU12292 [broken]); m3 (R: MNHN-MU12378; L: MNHN-MU1210 [broken], MU6567 [broken])
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D520BB66FFF7CF8B9D935F801" blockId="13.[130,777,1384,2028]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">
<materialsCitation id="E8A70900520BB66FFF7CF8B9D936F801" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520BB66FFF7CF8B9DB86F8D3" bold="true" box="[132,204,1839,1863]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">Avenay</emphasis>
: dP3 (L: MNHN-AV4664, AV14684); P4 (R: MNHN-AV42-Ph; L: MNHN-AV4789); M1 (L: MNHN-AV65514); M1/2 (L: MNHN-AV1012-L); dp4 (R: MNHN-AV15815); p3 (R: MNHN-AV4634); m3 (L: MNHN-AV14685)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D520BB66FFF7CF83CD91EF854" blockId="13.[130,777,1384,2028]" box="[132,596,1960,1986]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">
<materialsCitation id="E8A70900520BB66FFF7CF83CD91AF854" box="[132,592,1960,1986]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520BB66FFF7CF83CDBA4F856" bold="true" box="[132,238,1962,1986]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">Prémontré</emphasis>
: m3 (R: MNHN-SLP-29-PR1906)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D550D6520BB66FFF7CF842D8CFFE9E" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="5870035D520BB66FFF7CF842D849F87F" blockId="13.[130,777,1384,2028]" box="[132,771,2003,2028]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">
<smallCapsWord id="5E969581520BB66FFF7CF842DBFFF87D" baselines="2021,2021" box="[132,181,2004,2027]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Type" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">TYPE</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="5E969581520BB66FFF44F84FDA5DF87E" baselines="2022" box="[188,279,2009,2026]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="locality" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">LOCALITY</smallCapsWord>
. — Herne Bay (Kent, United-Kingdom), MP8-9.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D520BB66FFCD5FF4ED8CFFE9E" blockId="13.[812,1455,215,266]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">
<smallCapsWord id="5E969581520BB66FFCD5FF4ED8F0FF7A" baselines="233,234" box="[813,954,216,239]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Distribution" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">DISTRIBUTION</smallCapsWord>
. — Mutigny, Avenay (MP8-9), Prémontré (
<collectionCode id="3EDE9B98520BB66FFA90FF4EDEDAFF64" box="[1384,1424,216,240]" country="0" name="Mohonk Preserve, Inc." pageId="13" pageNumber="288">MP</collectionCode>
10) (
<collectingCountry id="20D843CD520BB66FFCCBFF64D830FE9E" box="[819,890,242,266]" name="France" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">France</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D550D6520BB66FFCD5FEB4DF55FE79" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="5870035D520BB66FFCD5FEB4DFF1FE1D" blockId="13.[812,1456,290,393]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">
<smallCapsWord id="5E969581520BB66FFCD5FEB4D8C5FEA3" baselines="307,307" box="[813,911,290,313]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Emended" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">EMENDED</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="5E969581520BB66FFC6EFEB1D8B6FEAC" baselines="308" box="[918,1020,295,312]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="diagnosis" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">DIAGNOSIS</smallCapsWord>
. — Lower molar hypoconulid linked to the hypoconid. High cristid obliqua oriented toward the center of the protolophid. P2 without labial cusp. Mesostyle or mesostylar crest on upper molars. Developed paraconule.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D520BB66FFCD5FE37DF55FE79" blockId="13.[813,1455,417,493]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">
<smallCapsWord id="5E969581520BB66FFCD5FE37D8FFFE23" baselines="434,435" box="[813,949,417,440]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Differential" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">DIFFERENTIAL</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="5E969581520BB66FFC45FE30DF69FE23" baselines="435" box="[957,1059,422,439]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="diagnosis" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">DIAGNOSIS</smallCapsWord>
. — Differs from
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520BB66FFB2AFE37DE78FE2D" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1858" box="[1234,1330,417,441]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520BB66FFB2AFE37DE78FE2D" box="[1234,1330,417,441]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">Pliolophus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520BB66FFA9DFE37D822FE47" authorityName="Hooker" authorityYear="1984" class="Mammalia" family="Helaletidae" genus="Cymbalophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520BB66FFA9DFE37D822FE47" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">Cymbalophus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of a mesostyle on upper molars, and by a more flexed centrocrista.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D550D6520BB66FFCD5FD81DE0EF8FF" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" type="description">
<paragraph id="5870035D520BB66FFCD5FD81D8F7FDBB" blockId="13.[810,1458,535,1453]" box="[813,957,535,561]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">
<smallCapsWord id="5E969581520BB66FFCD5FD81D8F7FDBB" baselines="554,554" box="[813,957,535,561]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Description" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">DESCRIPTION</smallCapsWord>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D520BB66FFCD5FDA0D82EFDC4" blockId="13.[810,1458,535,1453]" box="[813,868,566,592]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520BB66FFCD5FDA0D82EFDC4" box="[813,868,566,592]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">Teeth</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D520BB66FFCD5FDC0DF38FBBA" blockId="13.[810,1458,535,1453]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">
The parastyle of P4 is low (
<figureCitation id="C0F41FD8520BB66FFBA6FDC0DF9DFDE4" box="[1118,1239,598,624]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1247,1264]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1205]" captionTargetId="figure-306@14.[698,1269,213,755]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 7. — Teeth of Hyracotherium leporinum Owen, 1841 from Mutigny and Avenay in occlusal view: A, left DP3 (MNHN-AV14684); B, right P4 (MNHN-MU5919 [reversed]); C, left M1/2 (MNHN-MU17167); D, right M1/2 (MNHN-MU220-L [reversed]); E, left M1/2 (MNHN-MU222-L); F, right dp3 (MNHN-MU200-L); G, right P4 (AV-42-Ph [reversed]); H, left M1/2 (MNHN-AV1012-L); I, left M1/2 (MNHN-MU192-L); J, right p3 (MNHN-AV4634); K, right p3 (MNHN-MU5640); L, right dp4 (MNHN-AV15815); M, left p4 (MNHN-MU6574 [reversed]); N, right dp4 (MNHN-MU12300); O, left m3 (MNHN-MU1210 [reversed]); P, right m3 (MNHN-SLP-29- PR1906). Coated with magnesium. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037946/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">Fig. 7B, G</figureCitation>
). The paraconule is developed, it is half the size of the protocone. The metaconule is large but smaller than the paraconule. The protoloph is interrupted before joining the preparacrista. A small postprotocrista is present, as well as a small endoprotocrista. The cingulum is continuous.The upper molars parastyle is developed (
<figureCitation id="C0F41FD8520BB66FFABDFD63DE37FC84" box="[1349,1405,757,784]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1247,1264]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1205]" captionTargetId="figure-306@14.[698,1269,213,755]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 7. — Teeth of Hyracotherium leporinum Owen, 1841 from Mutigny and Avenay in occlusal view: A, left DP3 (MNHN-AV14684); B, right P4 (MNHN-MU5919 [reversed]); C, left M1/2 (MNHN-MU17167); D, right M1/2 (MNHN-MU220-L [reversed]); E, left M1/2 (MNHN-MU222-L); F, right dp3 (MNHN-MU200-L); G, right P4 (AV-42-Ph [reversed]); H, left M1/2 (MNHN-AV1012-L); I, left M1/2 (MNHN-MU192-L); J, right p3 (MNHN-AV4634); K, right p3 (MNHN-MU5640); L, right dp4 (MNHN-AV15815); M, left p4 (MNHN-MU6574 [reversed]); N, right dp4 (MNHN-MU12300); O, left m3 (MNHN-MU1210 [reversed]); P, right m3 (MNHN-SLP-29- PR1906). Coated with magnesium. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037946/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">Fig.7</figureCitation>
C-E, H-I). The paraconule and the metaconule are well developed. The centrocrista is labially flexed. A small mesostyle is usually present, often as a ridge starting from the centrocrista but it can be absent (
<figureCitation id="C0F41FD8520BB66FFC60FCE3D8A9FC1B" box="[920,995,885,911]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1247,1264]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1205]" captionTargetId="figure-306@14.[698,1269,213,755]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 7. — Teeth of Hyracotherium leporinum Owen, 1841 from Mutigny and Avenay in occlusal view: A, left DP3 (MNHN-AV14684); B, right P4 (MNHN-MU5919 [reversed]); C, left M1/2 (MNHN-MU17167); D, right M1/2 (MNHN-MU220-L [reversed]); E, left M1/2 (MNHN-MU222-L); F, right dp3 (MNHN-MU200-L); G, right P4 (AV-42-Ph [reversed]); H, left M1/2 (MNHN-AV1012-L); I, left M1/2 (MNHN-MU192-L); J, right p3 (MNHN-AV4634); K, right p3 (MNHN-MU5640); L, right dp4 (MNHN-AV15815); M, left p4 (MNHN-MU6574 [reversed]); N, right dp4 (MNHN-MU12300); O, left m3 (MNHN-MU1210 [reversed]); P, right m3 (MNHN-SLP-29- PR1906). Coated with magnesium. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037946/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">Fig.7E</figureCitation>
). The cingulum is continuous, but sometimes interrupted around the hypocone.The protoloph joins the preparacrista, and is sometimes interrupted just before the connection. The metaloph is interrupted at the base of the metacone. The slightly more labially situated hypocone on
<figureCitation id="C0F41FD8520BB66FFAD0FC62DE27FB9B" box="[1320,1389,1012,1039]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1247,1264]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1205]" captionTargetId="figure-306@14.[698,1269,213,755]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 7. — Teeth of Hyracotherium leporinum Owen, 1841 from Mutigny and Avenay in occlusal view: A, left DP3 (MNHN-AV14684); B, right P4 (MNHN-MU5919 [reversed]); C, left M1/2 (MNHN-MU17167); D, right M1/2 (MNHN-MU220-L [reversed]); E, left M1/2 (MNHN-MU222-L); F, right dp3 (MNHN-MU200-L); G, right P4 (AV-42-Ph [reversed]); H, left M1/2 (MNHN-AV1012-L); I, left M1/2 (MNHN-MU192-L); J, right p3 (MNHN-AV4634); K, right p3 (MNHN-MU5640); L, right dp4 (MNHN-AV15815); M, left p4 (MNHN-MU6574 [reversed]); N, right dp4 (MNHN-MU12300); O, left m3 (MNHN-MU1210 [reversed]); P, right m3 (MNHN-SLP-29- PR1906). Coated with magnesium. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037946/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">Fig. 7I</figureCitation>
could indicate that the tooth is a M3.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D520BB66FFCBBFBA2DEE3FA39" blockId="13.[810,1458,535,1453]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">
The protoconid and metaconid of p3 are quite apart (
<figureCitation id="C0F41FD8520BB66FFA9DFBA2D809FBFA" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1247,1264]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1205]" captionTargetId="figure-306@14.[698,1269,213,755]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 7. — Teeth of Hyracotherium leporinum Owen, 1841 from Mutigny and Avenay in occlusal view: A, left DP3 (MNHN-AV14684); B, right P4 (MNHN-MU5919 [reversed]); C, left M1/2 (MNHN-MU17167); D, right M1/2 (MNHN-MU220-L [reversed]); E, left M1/2 (MNHN-MU222-L); F, right dp3 (MNHN-MU200-L); G, right P4 (AV-42-Ph [reversed]); H, left M1/2 (MNHN-AV1012-L); I, left M1/2 (MNHN-MU192-L); J, right p3 (MNHN-AV4634); K, right p3 (MNHN-MU5640); L, right dp4 (MNHN-AV15815); M, left p4 (MNHN-MU6574 [reversed]); N, right dp4 (MNHN-MU12300); O, left m3 (MNHN-MU1210 [reversed]); P, right m3 (MNHN-SLP-29- PR1906). Coated with magnesium. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037946/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">Fig. 7J, K</figureCitation>
). A small paraconid is present.The hypoconid is developed and low. The entoconid is absent. The cristid obliqua connects the center of the protolophid to the hypoconid. The p4 metaconid is twinned (
<figureCitation id="C0F41FD8520BB66FFC5AFB22D8BDFB5A" box="[930,1015,1204,1230]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1247,1264]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1205]" captionTargetId="figure-306@14.[698,1269,213,755]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 7. — Teeth of Hyracotherium leporinum Owen, 1841 from Mutigny and Avenay in occlusal view: A, left DP3 (MNHN-AV14684); B, right P4 (MNHN-MU5919 [reversed]); C, left M1/2 (MNHN-MU17167); D, right M1/2 (MNHN-MU220-L [reversed]); E, left M1/2 (MNHN-MU222-L); F, right dp3 (MNHN-MU200-L); G, right P4 (AV-42-Ph [reversed]); H, left M1/2 (MNHN-AV1012-L); I, left M1/2 (MNHN-MU192-L); J, right p3 (MNHN-AV4634); K, right p3 (MNHN-MU5640); L, right dp4 (MNHN-AV15815); M, left p4 (MNHN-MU6574 [reversed]); N, right dp4 (MNHN-MU12300); O, left m3 (MNHN-MU1210 [reversed]); P, right m3 (MNHN-SLP-29- PR1906). Coated with magnesium. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037946/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">Fig. 7M</figureCitation>
).The entoconid is absent.The hypoconid is low and well developed.The protolophid is notched. The cristid obliqua connects the hypoconid to the protolophid towards its center, slightly labially.The m3 metaconid is twinned (
<figureCitation id="C0F41FD8520BB66FFAAFFA85DEE9FABA" box="[1367,1443,1299,1326]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1247,1264]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1205]" captionTargetId="figure-306@14.[698,1269,213,755]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 7. — Teeth of Hyracotherium leporinum Owen, 1841 from Mutigny and Avenay in occlusal view: A, left DP3 (MNHN-AV14684); B, right P4 (MNHN-MU5919 [reversed]); C, left M1/2 (MNHN-MU17167); D, right M1/2 (MNHN-MU220-L [reversed]); E, left M1/2 (MNHN-MU222-L); F, right dp3 (MNHN-MU200-L); G, right P4 (AV-42-Ph [reversed]); H, left M1/2 (MNHN-AV1012-L); I, left M1/2 (MNHN-MU192-L); J, right p3 (MNHN-AV4634); K, right p3 (MNHN-MU5640); L, right dp4 (MNHN-AV15815); M, left p4 (MNHN-MU6574 [reversed]); N, right dp4 (MNHN-MU12300); O, left m3 (MNHN-MU1210 [reversed]); P, right m3 (MNHN-SLP-29- PR1906). Coated with magnesium. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037946/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">Fig.7P</figureCitation>
). The cristid obliqua is oriented towards the center of the protolophid (
<figureCitation id="C0F41FD8520BB66FFC6CFAC5DF48FAF9" box="[916,1026,1363,1390]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1247,1264]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1205]" captionTargetId="figure-306@14.[698,1269,213,755]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 7. — Teeth of Hyracotherium leporinum Owen, 1841 from Mutigny and Avenay in occlusal view: A, left DP3 (MNHN-AV14684); B, right P4 (MNHN-MU5919 [reversed]); C, left M1/2 (MNHN-MU17167); D, right M1/2 (MNHN-MU220-L [reversed]); E, left M1/2 (MNHN-MU222-L); F, right dp3 (MNHN-MU200-L); G, right P4 (AV-42-Ph [reversed]); H, left M1/2 (MNHN-AV1012-L); I, left M1/2 (MNHN-MU192-L); J, right p3 (MNHN-AV4634); K, right p3 (MNHN-MU5640); L, right dp4 (MNHN-AV15815); M, left p4 (MNHN-MU6574 [reversed]); N, right dp4 (MNHN-MU12300); O, left m3 (MNHN-MU1210 [reversed]); P, right m3 (MNHN-SLP-29- PR1906). Coated with magnesium. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037946/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">Fig. 7O, P</figureCitation>
). The hypoconulid lobe is well developed. A postcristid links the hypoconid to the hypoconulid. The protolophid is notched. The hypolophid is poorly developed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D520BB66FFCD5FA45D880FA79" blockId="13.[813,970,1491,1517]" box="[813,970,1491,1517]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">
<heading id="0338B431520BB66FFCD5FA45D880FA79" box="[813,970,1491,1517]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" reason="8">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520BB66FFCD5FA45D880FA79" box="[813,970,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">Deciduous teeth</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D520BB66FFCD5FA65DE18F918" blockId="13.[810,1458,1523,1899]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">The parastyle of DP3 is large and anteriorly projected. The centrocrista is almost straight. The hypocone is larger than the protocone. The paraconule and the metaconule are small. The protoloph joins the paracone.The cingulum is almost continuous, slightly interrupted at the level of the hypocone.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D520BB66FFCBBF904DE0EF8FF" blockId="13.[810,1458,1523,1899]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">The dp3 is very worn. The paraconid is well developed. The heavy wear seems to indicate that the hypoconulid is linked to hypoconid and entoconid.The dp4 is molariform and the talonid is wider than the trigonid.The metaconid is twinned.The cristid obliqua is oriented toward the center of the protolophid. The hypoconulid is low.It is linked to the hypoconid by a postcristid. The protolophid is notched. The hypolophid is low.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D550D6520BB66CFCD5F807D843F87F" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="289" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="5870035D520BB66FFCD5F807D88DF83E" blockId="13.[811,1456,1937,2028]" box="[813,967,1937,1963]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">
<smallCapsWord id="5E969581520BB66FFCD5F807D88DF83E" baselines="1956,1957" box="[813,967,1937,1963]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Comparisons" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">COMPARISONS</smallCapsWord>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D520BB66CFCD5F827D99AF978" blockId="13.[811,1456,1937,2028]" lastBlockId="14.[130,776,1427,1772]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="289" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">
The morphology of the P2, with no protocone, is not found in other European hippomorph species but can be observed on some American equids, such as
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5208B66CFE33FA05D97EFA39" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1872" box="[459,564,1427,1453]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Orohippus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFE33FA05D97EFA39" box="[459,564,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">Orohippus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and ‘
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFD96FA05DBB4FA59" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">Hyracotherium’ craspedotum</emphasis>
. The upper molar centrocrista is more flexed than in
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5208B66CFF66FA45DA4EFA79" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1858" box="[158,260,1491,1517]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFF66FA45DA4EFA79" box="[158,260,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">Pliolophus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5208B66CFECAFA45DAF2FA79" authorityName="Hooker" authorityYear="1984" box="[306,440,1491,1517]" class="Mammalia" family="Helaletidae" genus="Cymbalophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFECAFA45DAF2FA79" box="[306,440,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">Cymbalophus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A mesostyle is present while it is absent in
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5208B66CFF1CFA65DA01F999" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1858" box="[228,331,1523,1549]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFF1CFA65DA01F999" box="[228,331,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">Pliolophus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5208B66CFE83FA65D948F999" authorityName="Hooker" authorityYear="1984" box="[379,514,1523,1549]" class="Mammalia" family="Helaletidae" genus="Cymbalophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFE83FA65D948F999" box="[379,514,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">Cymbalophus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The m3 postcristid links the hypoconid in a more lingual position than in
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5208B66CFD8AF984D993F9B8" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1858" box="[626,729,1554,1580]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFD8AF984D993F9B8" box="[626,729,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">Pliolophus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5208B66CFF7AF9A4DA42F9D8" authorityName="Hooker" authorityYear="1984" box="[130,264,1586,1612]" class="Mammalia" family="Helaletidae" genus="Cymbalophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFF7AF9A4DA42F9D8" box="[130,264,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">Cymbalophus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but more labially than in
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5208B66CFDE8F9A4D93CF9D8" authorityName="Remy" authorityYear="2017" box="[528,630,1586,1612]" class="Mammalia" family="Palaeotheriidae" genus="Orolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFDE8F9A4D93CF9D8" box="[528,630,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">Orolophus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5208B66CFD50F9A4DA7AF9F8" baseAuthorityName="Lemoine" baseAuthorityYear="1878" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Propalaeotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gaudryi">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFD50F9A4DA7AF9F8" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">Propalaeotherium gaudryi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in which the hypoconulid is connected to the hypolophid.
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5208B66CFEFEF9E4DAD0F918" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1841" box="[262,410,1650,1676]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hyracotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFEFEF9E4DAD0F918" box="[262,410,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">Hyracotherium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is larger than
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5208B66CFDD8F9E4D998F918" baseAuthorityName="Gingerich" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[544,722,1650,1676]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Sifrhippus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sandrae">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFDD8F9E4D998F918" box="[544,722,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">Sifrhippus sandrae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The upper molar centrocrista is more flexed than in
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5208B66CFD95F904D998F938" baseAuthorityName="Gingerich" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[621,722,1682,1708]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Sifrhippus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sandrae">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFD95F904D998F938" box="[621,722,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">S. sandrae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the mesostyle is always absent in
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5208B66CFE33F924D964F958" baseAuthorityName="Gingerich" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[459,558,1714,1740]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Sifrhippus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sandrae">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFE33F924D964F958" box="[459,558,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">S. sandrae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The upper premolar metaconule is larger in
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5208B66CFE8DF944D941F978" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1841" box="[373,523,1746,1772]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hyracotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFE8DF944D941F978" box="[373,523,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">Hyracotherium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than in
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5208B66CFD9BF944D982F978" baseAuthorityName="Gingerich" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[611,712,1746,1772]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Sifrhippus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sandrae">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFD9BF944D982F978" box="[611,712,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">S. sandrae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="0CB053D55208B66CFF7CFB49D971FADF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037946" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8037946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037946/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" startId="14.[132,143,1247,1264]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,1205]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="5870035D5208B66CFF7CFB49D971FADF" blockId="14.[132,1455,1247,1355]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">
<smallCapsWord id="5E9695815208B66CFF7CFB49DBD7FB64" baselines="1260,1261" box="[132,157,1247,1264]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">FIG</smallCapsWord>
. 7. — Teeth of
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5208B66CFEE6FB49D910FB64" authority="Owen, 1841" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1841" box="[286,602,1247,1264]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hyracotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leporinum">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFEE6FB49DABAFB64" box="[286,496,1247,1264]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">Hyracotherium leporinum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC5208B66CFE0DFB49D910FB64" author="Owen" box="[501,602,1247,1264]" firstAuthor="Owen" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" pagination="203 - 206" refId="ref35323" refString="OWEN R. 1841. - Description of the fossil remains of a Mammal (Hyracotherium leporinum) and of a bird (Lithornis vulturinus) from the London Clay. Transactions of the Geological Society of London 5: 203 - 206. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / transgslb. 6.1.203" type="journal article" year="1841">Owen, 1841</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from Mutigny and Avenay in occlusal view:
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFC3FFB49D89EFB64" bold="true" box="[967,980,1247,1264]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">A</emphasis>
, left DP3 (MNHN-AV14684);
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFB3DFB49DF98FB64" bold="true" box="[1221,1234,1247,1264]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">B</emphasis>
, right P4 (MNHN-MU5919 [reversed]);
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFF1DFB60DBB9FA93" bold="true" box="[229,243,1270,1287]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">C</emphasis>
, left M1/2 (MNHN-MU17167);
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFE0BFB60D94BFA93" bold="true" box="[499,513,1270,1287]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">D</emphasis>
, right M1/2 (MNHN-MU220-L [reversed]);
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFC98FB60D826FA93" bold="true" box="[864,876,1270,1287]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">E</emphasis>
, left M1/2 (MNHN-MU222-L);
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFB91FB60DF3EFA93" bold="true" box="[1129,1140,1270,1287]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">F</emphasis>
, right dp3 (MNHN-MU200-L);
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFA89FB60DE35FA93" bold="true" box="[1393,1407,1270,1287]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">G</emphasis>
, right P4 (AV-42-Ph [reversed]);
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFEA4FA9BDA20FA8A" bold="true" box="[348,362,1293,1310]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">H</emphasis>
, left M1/2 (MNHN-AV1012-L);
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFD91FA9BD925FA8A" bold="true" box="[617,623,1293,1310]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">I</emphasis>
, left M1/2 (MNHN-MU192-L);
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFC92FA9BD83EFA8A" bold="true" box="[874,884,1293,1310]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">J</emphasis>
, right p3 (MNHN-AV4634);
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFBA0FA9BDF2FFA8A" bold="true" box="[1112,1125,1293,1310]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">K</emphasis>
, right p3 (MNHN-MU5640);
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFAB7FA9BDE10FA8A" bold="true" box="[1359,1370,1293,1310]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">L</emphasis>
, right dp4 (MNHN-AV15815);
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFEDCFAB5DA7FFAA0" bold="true" box="[292,309,1315,1332]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">M</emphasis>
, left p4 (MNHN-MU6574 [reversed]);
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFD93FAB5D933FAA0" bold="true" box="[619,633,1315,1332]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">N</emphasis>
, right dp4 (MNHN-MU12300);
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFC82FAB5D8C3FAA0" bold="true" box="[890,905,1315,1332]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">O</emphasis>
, left m3 (MNHN-MU1210 [reversed]);
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFB3BFAB5DF85FAA0" bold="true" box="[1219,1231,1315,1332]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">P</emphasis>
, right m3 (MNHN-SLP-29- PR1906). Coated with magnesium. Scale bar: 5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="5870035D5208B66CFF7CF884DBB0F8BE" blockId="14.[130,777,1810,2028]" box="[132,250,1810,1836]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D5208B66CFF7CF8A7D843F87F" blockId="14.[130,777,1810,2028]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">
The upper molars of the Mutigny specimens resemble those of the type-specimen and specimens found in the London Clay in
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. In contrast, the lower molars show some differences with the Sheppey mandible (
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<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520DB669FEF0FD59DA8DFD73" author="Hooker" box="[264,455,719,743]" firstAuthor="Hooker" page="230" pageId="11" pageNumber="286" pagination="229 - 244" refId="ref34159" refString="HOOKER J. J. 1984. - A primitive ceratomorph (Perissodactyla, Mammalia) from the early Tertiary of Europe. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 82: 229 - 244. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1984. tb 00545. x" type="journal article" year="1984">Hooker, 1984: 230</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
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<smallCapsWord id="5E969581520DB669FF42FC92DBB4FC81" baselines="785" box="[186,254,772,789]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="species" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">SPECIES</smallCapsWord>
. —
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<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520DB669FED3FD68D947FC82" box="[299,525,766,790]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">Hyracotherium cuniculus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520DB669FDE2FD68D9DEFC82" author="Owen" box="[538,660,766,790]" firstAuthor="Owen" pageId="11" pageNumber="286" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref35379" refString="OWEN R. 1842. - Description of some molar teeth from the Eocene Sand at Kyson in Suffolk, indicative of a new species of Hyracotherium (Hyr. cuniculus). The Annals and Magazine of Natural History; Zoology, Botany, and Geology 48: 1 - 2. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745484109442721" type="journal article" year="1842">Owen, 1842</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
by original designation.
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<subSubSection id="10D550D6520DB669FF7CFCDFD978FCF4" box="[132,562,840,864]" pageId="11" pageNumber="286" type="taxon_list">
<paragraph id="5870035D520DB669FF7CFCDFD978FCF4" blockId="11.[132,562,840,864]" box="[132,562,840,864]" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">
<smallCapsWord id="5E969581520DB669FF7CFCDFDBA1FCCB" baselines="858,859" box="[132,235,841,864]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Included" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">INCLUDED</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="5E969581520DB669FF09FCD8DA72FCCB" baselines="859" box="[241,312,846,863]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="species" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">SPECIES</smallCapsWord>
. —
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520DB669FE9CFCDED966FCF4" authorityName="Godinot, Crochet, Hartenberger, Lange-Badre, Russell &amp; Sige" authorityYear="1987" box="[356,556,840,864]" class="Mammalia" family="Helaletidae" genus="Cymbalophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hookeri">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520DB669FE9CFCDED966FCF4" box="[356,556,840,864]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">Cymbalophus hookeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D550D6520DB669FF7CFCEFD92BFB07" pageId="11" pageNumber="286" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="5870035D520DB669FF7CFCEFDA19FC6E" blockId="11.[131,776,888,1018]" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">
<smallCapsWord id="5E969581520DB669FF7CFCEFDBACFC1A" baselines="906,906" box="[132,230,889,912]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Emended" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">EMENDED</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="5E969581520DB669FF12FCE8DA05FC1B" baselines="907" box="[234,335,894,911]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="diagnosis" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">DIAGNOSIS</smallCapsWord>
(based on
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520DB669FE4CFCEED97CFC04" author="Hooker" box="[436,566,888,912]" firstAuthor="Hooker" pageId="11" pageNumber="286" pagination="29 - 63" refId="ref34268" refString="HOOKER J. J. 1994. - The beginning of the equoid radiation. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 112: 29 - 63. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1994. tb 00311. x" type="journal article" year="1994">Hooker 1994</bibRefCitation>
). — Moderate lophodonty. Hypoconulid of m1-2 small and closely appressed to the hypolophid. Hypoconulid of m3 linked to the hypoconid. Medium sized upper molar paraconule, metaconule smaller. Centrocrista of upper molar straight.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D520DB669FF7CFB84D92BFB07" blockId="11.[131,775,1041,1171]" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">
<smallCapsWord id="5E969581520DB669FF7CFB84DA47FBBC" baselines="1059,1060" box="[132,269,1042,1065]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Differential" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">DIFFERENTIAL</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="5E969581520DB669FEECFB81DA30FBBC" baselines="1060" box="[276,378,1047,1064]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="diagnosis" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">DIAGNOSIS</smallCapsWord>
. — Smaller than
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520DB669FDD3FB87D9C1FBBD" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1858" box="[555,651,1041,1065]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520DB669FDD3FB87D9C1FBBD" box="[555,651,1041,1065]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">Pliolophus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
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<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520DB669FD45FB84DB85FBD0" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">Hyracotherium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Hypoconulid of m1-2 small and closely appressed to the hypolophid, whereas it is linked to the hypoconid in
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520DB669FD59FBD0D84BFBCA" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1858" box="[673,769,1094,1118]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520DB669FD59FBD0D84BFBCA" box="[673,769,1094,1118]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">Pliolophus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. More developed lophodonty than
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<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520DB669FE37FBF7D965FBED" box="[463,559,1121,1145]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">Pliolophus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520DB669FDA7FBF7D9F2FBED" authorityName="Franzen &amp; Haubold" authorityYear="1986" box="[607,696,1121,1145]" class="Mammalia" family="Lophialetidae" genus="Hallensia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520DB669FDA7FBF7D9F2FBED" box="[607,696,1121,1145]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">Hallensia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Differs from
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520DB669FF42FBEDDA0DFB07" baseAuthorityName="Owen" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[186,327,1147,1171]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hyracotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520DB669FF42FBEDDA0DFB07" box="[186,327,1147,1171]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">Hyracotherium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the absence of mesostyle.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D550D6520DB669FF7CFB22DA8BFA39" pageId="11" pageNumber="286" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="5870035D520DB669FF7CFB22DB85FB58" blockId="11.[130,775,1204,1454]" box="[132,207,1204,1230]" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D520DB669FF7CFB42DA8BFA39" blockId="11.[130,775,1204,1454]" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">
The genus
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520DB669FF0AFB42DA31FB7A" authorityName="Hooker" authorityYear="1984" box="[242,379,1236,1262]" class="Mammalia" family="Helaletidae" genus="Cymbalophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520DB669FF0AFB42DA31FB7A" box="[242,379,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">Cymbalophus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was created byHooker (1984) for the species
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520DB669FF28FB62DA01FA9A" baseAuthorityName="Owen" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[208,331,1268,1294]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hyracotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuniculus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520DB669FF28FB62DA01FA9A" box="[208,331,1268,1294]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">C. cuniculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, previously classified within
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<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520DB669FD96FB62D84FFA9A" box="[622,773,1268,1294]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">Hyracotherium</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520DB669FF75FA82DA5EFABA" author="Owen" box="[141,276,1300,1326]" firstAuthor="Owen" pageId="11" pageNumber="286" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref35379" refString="OWEN R. 1842. - Description of some molar teeth from the Eocene Sand at Kyson in Suffolk, indicative of a new species of Hyracotherium (Hyr. cuniculus). The Annals and Magazine of Natural History; Zoology, Botany, and Geology 48: 1 - 2. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745484109442721" type="journal article" year="1842">Owen 1842</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520DB669FED4FA82DA9EFABA" author="Hooker" box="[300,468,1300,1326]" firstAuthor="Hooker" pageId="11" pageNumber="286" pagination="229 - 244" refId="ref34159" refString="HOOKER J. J. 1984. - A primitive ceratomorph (Perissodactyla, Mammalia) from the early Tertiary of Europe. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 82: 229 - 244. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1984. tb 00545. x" type="journal article" year="1984">Hooker (1984)</bibRefCitation>
considered
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520DB669FDA6FA82D9A1FABA" authorityName="Hooker" authorityYear="1984" box="[606,747,1300,1326]" class="Mammalia" family="Helaletidae" genus="Cymbalophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520DB669FDA6FA82D9A1FABA" box="[606,747,1300,1326]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">Cymbalophus</emphasis>
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as a ceratomorph, not a hippomorph.
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520DB669FDEDFAA5D9F6FADA" author="Hooker" box="[533,700,1331,1358]" firstAuthor="Hooker" pageId="11" pageNumber="286" pagination="29 - 63" refId="ref34268" refString="HOOKER J. J. 1994. - The beginning of the equoid radiation. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 112: 29 - 63. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1994. tb 00311. x" type="journal article" year="1994">Hooker (1994)</bibRefCitation>
subsequently considered this species to be a hippomorph, but its phylogenetic position is still debated, probably because the
<typeStatus id="8774BDFF520DB669FF7EFA02DBFEFA3A" box="[134,180,1428,1454]" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">type</typeStatus>
species is poorly known.
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520EB66AFE19FA82D932FABA" author="Hooker" box="[481,632,1300,1326]" firstAuthor="Hooker" pageId="8" pageNumber="283" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref34314" refString="HOOKER J. J. 2010. - The Mammal Fauna of the Blackheath Formation of Abbey Wood. Monographs of the Palaeontographical Society 164 (634): 1 - 162. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 25761900. 2022.12131814" type="journal article" year="2010">Hooker, 2010</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="5870035D520EB66AFE66FAA2DAA7FADA" blockId="8.[414,493,1332,1358]" box="[414,493,1332,1358]" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">
(
<figureCitation id="C0F41FD8520EB66AFE5FFAA2DAAEFADA" box="[423,484,1332,1358]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,931,948]" captionTargetBox="[148,1439,215,886]" captionTargetId="figure-507@8.[147,794,213,719]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 4. — Teeth of Pliolophus barnesi from Pourcy and Soissons in occlusal view: A, left P2 (MNHN-PY75715); B, left P4, cast, unnumbered; C, left M3 (MNHN- PY41-L); D, left M3 (MNHN-PY39-L); E, right M3 (MNHN-PY40-L [reversed]); F, left p3 (MNHN-PY45-L [reversed]); G, left p3 (MNHN-PY34-Cn [reversed]); H, left p4 (MNHN-PY20-Ph [reversed]); I, right m1/2 (MNHN-SN34-BN); J, left m3 (MNHN-PY43-L [reversed]); K, left m3 (unnumbered [reversed]). Coated with magnesium. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037938/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D550D6520EB66AFF7CFAFBDAE4FA5B" pageId="8" pageNumber="283" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="5870035D520EB66AFF7CFAFBD9D7FA11" blockId="8.[132,669,1389,1413]" box="[132,669,1389,1413]" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="78DF2473520EB66AFF7CFAFBD9D7FA11" box="[132,669,1389,1413]" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">
<treatmentCitation id="D96E254C520EB66AFF7CFAFBDAB8FA11" author="HOOKER J. J." box="[132,498,1389,1413]" page="117" pageId="8" pageNumber="283" year="2010">
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520EB66AFF7CFAFBDAB8FA11" authority="Hooker, 2010: 117" authorityName="Hooker" authorityPageNumber="117" authorityYear="2010" box="[132,498,1389,1413]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barnesi">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520EB66AFF7CFAFBDA64FA11" box="[132,302,1389,1413]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">Pliolophus barnesi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520EB66AFECCFAFBDAB8FA11" author="Hooker" box="[308,498,1389,1413]" firstAuthor="Hooker" page="117" pageId="8" pageNumber="283" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref34314" refString="HOOKER J. J. 2010. - The Mammal Fauna of the Blackheath Formation of Abbey Wood. Monographs of the Palaeontographical Society 164 (634): 1 - 162. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 25761900. 2022.12131814" type="journal article" year="2010">Hooker, 2010: 117</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, 119, figs 52, 53.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D520EB66AFF7CFA0ADAE4FA5B" blockId="8.[131,775,1436,1487]" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="78DF2473520EB66AFF7CFA0ADAE4FA5B" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520EB66AFF7CFA0ADA7BFA20" box="[132,305,1436,1460]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hyracotherium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520EB66AFF7CFA0ADA5AFA20" box="[132,272,1436,1460]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">Hyracotherium</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
–
<treatmentCitation id="D96E254C520EB66AFEB1FA0ADAACFA20" author="WHITE E. I." box="[329,486,1436,1460]" page="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="283" year="1931">
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520EB66AFEB1FA0ADAACFA20" author="White" box="[329,486,1436,1460]" firstAuthor="White" page="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="283" refId="ref36934" refString="WHITE E. I. 1931. - The Vertebrate Faunas of the English Eocene. Order of the Trustees, London, 123 p." type="book" year="1931">White 1931: 18</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 25. —
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520EB66AFDC8FA0AD9F7FA20" author="Simpson" box="[560,701,1436,1460]" firstAuthor="Simpson" pageId="8" pageNumber="283" pagination="195 - 206" refId="ref36082" refString="SIMPSON G. G. 1952. - Notes on British Hyracotheres. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 42: 195 - 206. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1952. tb 01858. x" type="journal article" year="1952">Simpson 1952</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 40, figs b-d. —
<treatmentCitation id="D96E254C520EB66AFF01FA21DAE0FA5B" author="KUHNE W. G." box="[249,426,1463,1487]" page="199" pageId="8" pageNumber="283" year="1969">
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520EB66AFF01FA21DAE0FA5B" author="Kuhne" box="[249,426,1463,1487]" firstAuthor="Kuhne" page="199" pageId="8" pageNumber="283" pagination="199 - 202" refId="ref34572" refString="KUHNE W. G. 1969. - A multituberculate from the Eocene of the London Basin. Proceedings of the Geological Society of London 1658: 199 - 202." type="journal article" year="1969">Kühne 1969: 199</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D550D6520EB66AFF7CFA71DA24F98D" pageId="8" pageNumber="283" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="5870035D520EB66AFF7CFA71DA24F98D" blockId="8.[132,776,1510,1561]" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="78DF2473520EB66AFF7CFA71DA24F98D" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520EB66AFF7CFA71DA5BFA6B" baseAuthorityName="Owen" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[132,273,1511,1535]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hyracotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520EB66AFF7CFA71DA5BFA6B" box="[132,273,1511,1535]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">Hyracotherium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[sic] –
<treatmentCitation id="D96E254C520EB66AFEA2FA71D922FA6A" author="FORSTER-COOPER C." box="[346,616,1510,1535]" page="458" pageId="8" pageNumber="283" year="1932">
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520EB66AFEA2FA71D922FA6A" author="Forster-Cooper" box="[346,616,1510,1535]" firstAuthor="Forster-Cooper" page="458" pageId="8" pageNumber="283" pagination="458 - 467" refId="ref33307" refString="FORSTER-COOPER C. 1932 a. - On some mammalian remains from the Lower Eocene of the London Clay. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, London 9 (53): 458 - 467. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933208673518" type="journal article" year="1932" yearSuffix="a">Forster-Cooper 1932a: 458</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. —
<treatmentCitation id="D96E254C520EB66AFD6AFA71DBBEF98D" author="SAVAGE D. E. &amp; RUSSELL D. E. &amp; LOUIS P." page="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="283" year="1965">
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520EB66AFD6AFA71DBBEF98D" author="Savage" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Savage" page="8 - 10" pageId="8" pageNumber="283" refId="ref36035" refString="SAVAGE D. E., RUSSELL D. E. &amp; LOUIS P. 1965. - European Eocene Equidae (Perissodactyla). University of California Press, Berkeley, 94 p. (University of California Publications in Geological Sciences; 56)." type="book" year="1965">
Savage
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520EB66AFD21FA71D842FA6B" box="[729,776,1511,1535]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">et al.</emphasis>
1965: 8-10
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 3c, e, f.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D550D6520EB66AFF7CF9A7D991F8B3" pageId="8" pageNumber="283" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="5870035D520EB66AFF7CF9A7DA0CF9F7" blockId="8.[132,775,1585,1635]" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="78DF2473520EB66AFF7CF9A7DA0CF9F7" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520EB66AFF7CF9A7DA94F9DD" baseAuthorityName="Owen" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[132,478,1585,1609]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hyracotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpiceps" subGenus="Pliolophus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520EB66AFF7CF9A7DA5BF9DD" box="[132,273,1585,1609]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">Hyracotherium</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520EB66AFEE6F9A7DA34F9DD" box="[286,382,1585,1609]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">Pliolophus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520EB66AFE73F9A7DA94F9DD" box="[395,478,1585,1609]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">vulpiceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<treatmentCitation id="D96E254C520EB66AFE0BF9A7DBE6F9F7" author="FORSTER-COOPER C." page="437" pageId="8" pageNumber="283" year="1932">
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520EB66AFE0BF9A7DBE6F9F7" author="Forster-Cooper" firstAuthor="Forster-Cooper" page="437 - 438" pageId="8" pageNumber="283" pagination="431 - 448" refId="ref33354" refString="FORSTER-COOPER C. 1932 b. - The Genus Hyracotherium. A revision and description of new specimens found in England. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 221: 431 - 448. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rstb. 1932.0008" type="journal article" year="1932" yearSuffix="b">Forster-Cooper 1932b: 437- 438</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl 51, figs 4-5.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D520EB66AFF7CF9EDD9ADF93A" blockId="8.[131,776,1659,1710]" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="78DF2473520EB66AFF7CF9EDD9ADF93A" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520EB66AFF7CF9EDDAC1F907" baseAuthorityName="Owen" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[132,395,1659,1683]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hyracotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpiceps">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520EB66AFF7CF9EDDA5BF907" box="[132,273,1659,1683]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">Hyracotherium</emphasis>
aff.
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520EB66AFEC0F9EDDAC1F907" box="[312,395,1659,1683]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">vulpiceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<treatmentCitation id="D96E254C520EB66AFE5BF9EDD9C2F907" author="HOOKER J. J." box="[419,648,1659,1683]" page="106" pageId="8" pageNumber="283" year="1980">
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520EB66AFE5BF9EDD9C2F907" author="Hooker" box="[419,648,1659,1683]" firstAuthor="Hooker" page="106 - 107" pageId="8" pageNumber="283" pagination="101 - 114" refId="ref34107" refString="HOOKER J. J. 1980. - The succession of Hyracotherium (Perissodactyla, Mammalia) in the English early Eocene. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Geology) 33: 101 - 114. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 36358364" type="journal article" year="1980">Hooker 1980: 106-107</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 2; 1984: 234-235, figs 6, 13, 17, 20; 1989: 83-84, figs 6.3L, 6.4I-K, Q.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D520EB66AFF7CF953D939F949" blockId="8.[132,627,1733,1757]" box="[132,627,1733,1757]" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="78DF2473520EB66AFF7CF953D939F949" box="[132,627,1733,1757]" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520EB66AFF7CF953DA29F949" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1858" box="[132,355,1733,1757]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpiceps">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520EB66AFF7CF953DBAEF949" box="[132,228,1733,1757]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">Pliolophus</emphasis>
aff.
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520EB66AFEE8F953DA29F949" box="[272,355,1733,1757]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">vulpiceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<treatmentCitation id="D96E254C520EB66AFE85F953D960F949" author="HOOKER J. J." box="[381,554,1733,1757]" page="54" pageId="8" pageNumber="283" year="1994">
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520EB66AFE85F953D960F949" author="Hooker" box="[381,554,1733,1757]" firstAuthor="Hooker" page="54" pageId="8" pageNumber="283" pagination="29 - 63" refId="ref34268" refString="HOOKER J. J. 1994. - The beginning of the equoid radiation. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 112: 29 - 63. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1994. tb 00311. x" type="journal article" year="1994">Hooker 1994: 54</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig 16.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D520EB66AFF7CF963D991F8B3" blockId="8.[131,773,1781,1831]" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="78DF2473520EB66AFF7CF963D991F8B3" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520EB66AFF7CF963DA73F899" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1858" box="[132,313,1781,1805]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpiceps">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520EB66AFF7CF963DA73F899" box="[132,313,1781,1805]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">Pliolophus vulpiceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<treatmentCitation id="D96E254C520EB66AFEB6F963D95CF899" author="HOOKER J. J." box="[334,534,1781,1805]" page="52" pageId="8" pageNumber="283" year="1994">
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520EB66AFEB6F963D95CF899" author="Hooker" box="[334,534,1781,1805]" firstAuthor="Hooker" page="52 - 54" pageId="8" pageNumber="283" pagination="29 - 63" refId="ref34268" refString="HOOKER J. J. 1994. - The beginning of the equoid radiation. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 112: 29 - 63. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1994. tb 00311. x" type="journal article" year="1994">Hooker 1994: 52-54</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. —
<treatmentCitation id="D96E254C520EB66AFDC1F963DA50F8B3" author="HOOKER J. J. &amp; DASHZEVEG D." page="493" pageId="8" pageNumber="283" year="2003">
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520EB66AFDC1F963DA50F8B3" author="Hooker &amp; Dashzeveg" firstAuthor="Hooker" page="493 - 494" pageId="8" pageNumber="283" pagination="479 - 500" refId="ref34402" refString="HOOKER J. J. &amp; DASHZEVEG D. 2003. - Causes and Consequences of Globally Warm Climates in the Early Paleogene. Special Papers of the Geological Society of America 369: 479 - 500. https: // doi. org / 10.1130 / Spe 369" type="journal article" year="2003">Hooker &amp; Dashzeveg 2003: 493-494</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520EB66AFEDCF899DA13F8B3" author="Hooker &amp; Dashzeveg" box="[292,345,1807,1831]" firstAuthor="Hooker" pageId="8" pageNumber="283" pagination="1363 - 1386" refId="ref34451" refString="HOOKER J. J. &amp; DASHZEVEG D. 2004. - The origin of chalicotheres (Perissodactyla, Mammalia). Palaeontology 47 (6): 1363 - 1386. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 0031 - 0239.2004.00421. x" type="journal article" year="2004">2004</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 6G, H. —
<treatmentCitation id="D96E254C520EB66AFE0EF899D99DF8B3" author="HOOKER J. J. &amp; COOK E. &amp; BENTON M. J." box="[502,727,1807,1831]" page="85" pageId="8" pageNumber="283" year="2005">
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520EB66AFE0EF899D99DF8B3" author="Hooker" box="[502,727,1807,1831]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Hooker" page="85" pageId="8" pageNumber="283" refId="ref34499" refString="HOOKER J. J., COOK E. &amp; BENTON M. J. 2005. - British Tertiary fossil mammal GCR sites, in BENTON M. J., COOK E. &amp; HOOKER J. J. (eds), Mesozoic and Tertiary Fossil Mammals and Birds of Great Britain. Geological Conservation Review Series, 32. Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough, 215 p." type="book" year="2005">
Hooker
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520EB66AFDBFF886D93DF8B3" box="[583,631,1807,1831]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">et al.</emphasis>
2005: 85
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D550D6520EB66AFF7CF8A9DED7FB44" pageId="8" pageNumber="283" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5870035D520EB66AFF7CF8A9D9ACF8C3" blockId="8.[132,742,1855,1879]" box="[132,742,1855,1879]" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">
<materialsCitation id="E8A70900520EB66AFF7CF8A9D9A8F8C3" box="[132,738,1855,1879]" collectionCode="BMHN" pageId="8" pageNumber="283" specimenCode="BMHN M44910" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="8774BDFF520EB66AFF7CF8A9DBA5F8C2" box="[132,239,1855,1878]" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
. —
<specimenCode id="0869AB26520EB66AFEE3F8A9DA83F8C3" box="[283,457,1855,1879]" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">BMHN M44910</specimenCode>
, right mandible with p3-m3
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D520EB66AFF7CF8F9DA90F812" blockId="8.[132,474,1903,1927]" box="[132,474,1903,1927]" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">
<materialsCitation id="E8A70900520EB66AFF7CF8F9DA9EF813" box="[132,468,1903,1927]" pageId="8" pageNumber="283" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<smallCapsWord id="5E969581520EB66AFF7CF8F9DBA6F811" baselines="1920,1921" box="[132,236,1903,1926]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Paratypes" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">
<typeStatus id="8774BDFF520EB66AFF7CF8F9DBA6F811" box="[132,236,1903,1926]" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
</smallCapsWord>
. — See
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520EB66AFEC7F8F9DA9EF813" author="Hooker" box="[319,468,1903,1927]" firstAuthor="Hooker" pageId="8" pageNumber="283" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref34314" refString="HOOKER J. J. 2010. - The Mammal Fauna of the Blackheath Formation of Abbey Wood. Monographs of the Palaeontographical Society 164 (634): 1 - 162. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 25761900. 2022.12131814" type="journal article" year="2010">Hooker (2010)</bibRefCitation>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D520EB66AFF7CF809D914F822" blockId="8.[132,776,1950,2028]" box="[132,606,1950,1976]" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">
<materialsCitation id="E8A70900520EB66AFF7CF809D914F822" box="[132,606,1950,1976]" pageId="8" pageNumber="283" specimenCount="1">
<smallCapsWord id="5E969581520EB66AFF7CF809DBADF821" baselines="1968,1969" box="[132,231,1951,1974]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Material" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">MATERIAL</smallCapsWord>
. —
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520EB66AFEECF836DADFF822" bold="true" box="[276,405,1950,1976]" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">Abbey Wood</emphasis>
: see
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520EB66AFE3CF808D912F822" author="Hooker" box="[452,600,1950,1974]" firstAuthor="Hooker" pageId="8" pageNumber="283" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref34314" refString="HOOKER J. J. 2010. - The Mammal Fauna of the Blackheath Formation of Abbey Wood. Monographs of the Palaeontographical Society 164 (634): 1 - 162. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 25761900. 2022.12131814" type="journal article" year="2010">Hooker (2010)</bibRefCitation>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D520EB66AFF7CF82CD842F845" blockId="8.[132,776,1950,2028]" box="[132,776,1977,2002]" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">
<materialsCitation id="E8A70900520EB66AFF7CF82CD842F845" box="[132,776,1977,2002]" pageId="8" pageNumber="283" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520EB66AFF7CF82CDB99F846" bold="true" box="[132,211,1978,2002]" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">Soissons</emphasis>
: m2 (R: MNHN-SN34-BN); m3 (L: MNHN unnumbered).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D520EB66AFF7CF845DED7FB44" blockId="8.[132,776,1950,2028]" lastBlockId="8.[811,1456,1075,1232]" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">
<materialsCitation id="E8A70900520EB66AFF7CF845DED3FB44" pageId="8" pageNumber="283" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520EB66AFF7CF845DB8DF87F" bold="true" box="[132,199,2003,2027]" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">Pourcy</emphasis>
: P2 (L: MNHN-PY15715), P4 (L: PY cast), M1 (L: MNHN-PY133-L), M1/2 (R: PY unnumbered, MNHN-PY42-L [broken], PY72-L [broken]), PY146-Lx (cast); L: PY-2-Cn (cast), PY-16-Cn (broken, cast); M3 (R: MNHN-PY40-L; L: MNHN-PY39-L, PY41- L); p3 (L: MNHN-PY45-L, PY34-CN); p4 (L: MNHN-PY20-Ph); m1/2 (R: MNHN-PY9-L [broken], PY143-L [broken]; L: MNHN-PY10-L [broken], PY11-L [broken]); m3 (L: MNHN-PY43-L)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D550D6520EB66AFCD5FB7EDFECFADD" pageId="8" pageNumber="283" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="5870035D520EB66AFCD5FB7EDEFAFB6B" blockId="8.[813,1456,1255,1279]" box="[813,1456,1255,1279]" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">
<smallCapsWord id="5E969581520EB66AFCD5FB7ED816FB69" baselines="1273,1273" box="[813,860,1256,1279]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Type" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">TYPE</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="5E969581520EB66AFCA7FB7BD8FFFB6A" baselines="1274" box="[863,949,1261,1278]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="locality" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">LOCALITY</smallCapsWord>
. — Abbey Wood (London, United-Kingdom), MP8-9.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D520EB66AFCD5FA81DFECFADD" blockId="8.[813,1455,1303,1354]" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">
<smallCapsWord id="5E969581520EB66AFCD5FA81D8F3FAB9" baselines="1320,1321" box="[813,953,1303,1326]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Distribution" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">DISTRIBUTION</smallCapsWord>
. — Abbey Wood (London, United-Kingdom); Soissons, Pourcy (Marne,
<collectingCountry id="20D843CD520EB66AFBFAFAA7DF0DFADD" box="[1026,1095,1329,1353]" name="France" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">France</collectingCountry>
), MP8-9.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D550D6520EB66AFCD5FAF7DEE5F986" pageId="8" pageNumber="283" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="5870035D520EB66AFCD5FAF7DE7CFA3A" blockId="8.[811,1455,1377,1454]" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">
<smallCapsWord id="5E969581520EB66AFCD5FAF7D8C5FAE2" baselines="1394,1394" box="[813,911,1377,1400]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Emended" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">EMENDED</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="5E969581520EB66AFC6EFAF0D8B6FAE3" baselines="1395" box="[918,1020,1382,1399]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="diagnosis" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">DIAGNOSIS</smallCapsWord>
. — Large upper molar metaconule. Labially flexed centrocrista. Large P3 paraconule. Lower molar hypoconulid joining the hypoconid (mostly) or to the hypolophid.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D520EB66AFCD5FA50DEE5F986" blockId="8.[813,1455,1477,1554]" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">
<smallCapsWord id="5E969581520EB66AFCD5FA50D8F0FA48" baselines="1495,1496" box="[813,954,1478,1501]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Differential" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">DIFFERENTIAL</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="5E969581520EB66AFC3BFA5DDF66FA48" baselines="1496" box="[963,1068,1483,1500]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="diagnosis" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">DIAGNOSIS</smallCapsWord>
. — Upper molar centrocrista slightly more flexed than
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520EB66AFC27FA76DF20FA63" authorityName="Bronnert, Gheerbrant, Godinot &amp; Metais" authorityYear="2018" box="[991,1130,1504,1527]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quesnoyensis">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520EB66AFC27FA76DF20FA63" box="[991,1130,1504,1527]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">P. quesnoyensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and less flexed than
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520EB66AFAC6FA76DEE3FA6C" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1858" box="[1342,1449,1504,1528]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpiceps">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520EB66AFAC6FA76DEE3FA6C" box="[1342,1449,1504,1528]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">P. vulpiceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Upper molar and premolar conules less developed than
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520EB66AFAC7FA6DDEEDF986" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1858" box="[1343,1447,1530,1554]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpiceps">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520EB66AFAC7FA6DDEEDF986" box="[1343,1447,1530,1554]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">P. vulpiceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D550D6520EB66BFCD5F9A5D919FC1B" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="284" pageId="8" pageNumber="283" type="description">
<paragraph id="5870035D520EB66AFCD5F9A5D8F7F9DF" blockId="8.[811,1458,1587,2028]" box="[813,957,1587,1613]" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">
<smallCapsWord id="5E969581520EB66AFCD5F9A5D8F7F9DF" baselines="1606,1606" box="[813,957,1587,1613]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Description" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">DESCRIPTION</smallCapsWord>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D520EB66AFCD5F9C4D82EF9F8" blockId="8.[811,1458,1587,2028]" box="[813,868,1618,1644]" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520EB66AFCD5F9C4D82EF9F8" box="[813,868,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">Teeth</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D520EB66BFCD5F9E4D919FC1B" blockId="8.[811,1458,1587,2028]" lastBlockId="9.[131,777,215,912]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="284" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">
The P2 (
<figureCitation id="C0F41FD8520EB66AFC6BF9E4D8A0F918" box="[915,1002,1650,1676]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,931,948]" captionTargetBox="[148,1439,215,886]" captionTargetId="figure-507@8.[147,794,213,719]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 4. — Teeth of Pliolophus barnesi from Pourcy and Soissons in occlusal view: A, left P2 (MNHN-PY75715); B, left P4, cast, unnumbered; C, left M3 (MNHN- PY41-L); D, left M3 (MNHN-PY39-L); E, right M3 (MNHN-PY40-L [reversed]); F, left p3 (MNHN-PY45-L [reversed]); G, left p3 (MNHN-PY34-Cn [reversed]); H, left p4 (MNHN-PY20-Ph [reversed]); I, right m1/2 (MNHN-SN34-BN); J, left m3 (MNHN-PY43-L [reversed]); K, left m3 (unnumbered [reversed]). Coated with magnesium. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037938/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
) is triangular in occlusal view, and the posterior part is transversally wider than the anterior part. The paracone is developed. The metacone is very reduced and closely appressed to the paracone. The protocone is absent but a cingular bulge is present lingually. Elsewhere, the cingulum is poorly developed or absent. The parastyle is absent. The P4 parastyle is very small and low (
<figureCitation id="C0F41FD8520EB66AFAB7F8A7DEE8F8D8" box="[1359,1442,1841,1868]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,931,948]" captionTargetBox="[148,1439,215,886]" captionTargetId="figure-507@8.[147,794,213,719]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 4. — Teeth of Pliolophus barnesi from Pourcy and Soissons in occlusal view: A, left P2 (MNHN-PY75715); B, left P4, cast, unnumbered; C, left M3 (MNHN- PY41-L); D, left M3 (MNHN-PY39-L); E, right M3 (MNHN-PY40-L [reversed]); F, left p3 (MNHN-PY45-L [reversed]); G, left p3 (MNHN-PY34-Cn [reversed]); H, left p4 (MNHN-PY20-Ph [reversed]); I, right m1/2 (MNHN-SN34-BN); J, left m3 (MNHN-PY43-L [reversed]); K, left m3 (unnumbered [reversed]). Coated with magnesium. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037938/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="283">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
). The paraconule is large, slightly smaller than the paracone. The preparaconule crista is interrupted by a notch close to the center of the preparacrista. The metaconule is small, and slightly elongated. The cingulum is continuous, slightly reduced close to the protocone. The M3 parastyle is developed but low (
<figureCitation id="C0F41FD8520FB66BFED0FF41DA2DFF65" box="[296,359,215,241]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,931,948]" captionTargetBox="[148,1439,215,886]" captionTargetId="figure-507@8.[147,794,213,719]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 4. — Teeth of Pliolophus barnesi from Pourcy and Soissons in occlusal view: A, left P2 (MNHN-PY75715); B, left P4, cast, unnumbered; C, left M3 (MNHN- PY41-L); D, left M3 (MNHN-PY39-L); E, right M3 (MNHN-PY40-L [reversed]); F, left p3 (MNHN-PY45-L [reversed]); G, left p3 (MNHN-PY34-Cn [reversed]); H, left p4 (MNHN-PY20-Ph [reversed]); I, right m1/2 (MNHN-SN34-BN); J, left m3 (MNHN-PY43-L [reversed]); K, left m3 (unnumbered [reversed]). Coated with magnesium. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037938/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
C-E). The cingula are well-developed. The centrocrista is slightly flexed. The paraconule is high and merged with the loph. The metaconule varies in size but is generally small, sometimes indistinguishable. The protoloph joins the preparacrista. The metaloph is interrupted at the base of the metacone. The p3 protoconid is larger than the metaconid (
<figureCitation id="C0F41FD8520FB66BFE57FE00D955FE25" box="[431,543,406,433]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,931,948]" captionTargetBox="[148,1439,215,886]" captionTargetId="figure-507@8.[147,794,213,719]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 4. — Teeth of Pliolophus barnesi from Pourcy and Soissons in occlusal view: A, left P2 (MNHN-PY75715); B, left P4, cast, unnumbered; C, left M3 (MNHN- PY41-L); D, left M3 (MNHN-PY39-L); E, right M3 (MNHN-PY40-L [reversed]); F, left p3 (MNHN-PY45-L [reversed]); G, left p3 (MNHN-PY34-Cn [reversed]); H, left p4 (MNHN-PY20-Ph [reversed]); I, right m1/2 (MNHN-SN34-BN); J, left m3 (MNHN-PY43-L [reversed]); K, left m3 (unnumbered [reversed]). Coated with magnesium. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037938/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">Fig. 4F, G</figureCitation>
). The metaconid and protoconid are close on MNHN-PY45 and more separated on MNHN-PY34-Cn. A small paraconid is present. A crest runs from the protoconid and joins a low but well-developed hypoconid. The metaconid of p4 is twinned (
<figureCitation id="C0F41FD8520FB66BFD8AFD80D983FDA4" box="[626,713,534,560]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,931,948]" captionTargetBox="[148,1439,215,886]" captionTargetId="figure-507@8.[147,794,213,719]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 4. — Teeth of Pliolophus barnesi from Pourcy and Soissons in occlusal view: A, left P2 (MNHN-PY75715); B, left P4, cast, unnumbered; C, left M3 (MNHN- PY41-L); D, left M3 (MNHN-PY39-L); E, right M3 (MNHN-PY40-L [reversed]); F, left p3 (MNHN-PY45-L [reversed]); G, left p3 (MNHN-PY34-Cn [reversed]); H, left p4 (MNHN-PY20-Ph [reversed]); I, right m1/2 (MNHN-SN34-BN); J, left m3 (MNHN-PY43-L [reversed]); K, left m3 (unnumbered [reversed]). Coated with magnesium. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037938/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">Fig. 4H</figureCitation>
). The protoconid and metaconid are about the same height. The protolophid is low. The cristid obliqua is directed toward the center of the protolophid. The entoconid is developed but smaller than the hypoconid. A crest joins the hypoconid and the entoconid. A more developed crest runs disto-lingually to the hypoconulid. The lower molar cristid obliqua joins the protolophid in the middle (
<figureCitation id="C0F41FD8520FB66BFE37FD63D941FC84" box="[463,523,757,784]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,931,948]" captionTargetBox="[148,1439,215,886]" captionTargetId="figure-507@8.[147,794,213,719]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 4. — Teeth of Pliolophus barnesi from Pourcy and Soissons in occlusal view: A, left P2 (MNHN-PY75715); B, left P4, cast, unnumbered; C, left M3 (MNHN- PY41-L); D, left M3 (MNHN-PY39-L); E, right M3 (MNHN-PY40-L [reversed]); F, left p3 (MNHN-PY45-L [reversed]); G, left p3 (MNHN-PY34-Cn [reversed]); H, left p4 (MNHN-PY20-Ph [reversed]); I, right m1/2 (MNHN-SN34-BN); J, left m3 (MNHN-PY43-L [reversed]); K, left m3 (unnumbered [reversed]). Coated with magnesium. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037938/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
I-K). The hypolophid is low. The metaconid is twinned. The hypoconulid is linked to the hypoconid by a postcristid. The hypoconulid is small on m1-2. The hypoconulid is large on m3 but the hypoconulid lobe is narrower than the rest of the tooth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D550D6520FB66BFF7CFC23D902FA1A" pageId="9" pageNumber="284" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="5870035D520FB66BFF7CFC23DA55FC59" blockId="9.[130,775,949,1199]" box="[132,287,949,975]" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">
<smallCapsWord id="5E969581520FB66BFF7CFC23DA55FC59" baselines="968,968" box="[132,287,949,975]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Comparisons" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">COMPARISONS</smallCapsWord>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D520FB66BFF7CFC43D84DFB3B" blockId="9.[130,775,949,1199]" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">
The upper molar centrocrista in
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520FB66BFE09FC43D91CFC7B" authorityName="Hooker" authorityYear="2010" box="[497,598,981,1007]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="9" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barnesi">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520FB66BFE09FC43D91CFC7B" box="[497,598,981,1007]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">P. barnesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is slightly more flexed than that in
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520FB66BFEB4FC63DAABFB9A" authorityName="Bronnert, Gheerbrant, Godinot &amp; Metais" authorityYear="2018" box="[332,481,1013,1038]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="9" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quesnoyensis">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520FB66BFEB4FC63DAABFB9A" box="[332,481,1013,1038]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">P. quesnoyensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but less flexed than that in
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520FB66BFF7BFB83DBBDFBBA" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1858" box="[131,247,1044,1070]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="9" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpiceps">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520FB66BFF7BFB83DBBDFBBA" box="[131,247,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">P. vulpiceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The m3 display more intraspecific variability on the hypoconulid junction (with hypoconid or hypolophid) than
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520FB66BFF42FBC3DA01FBFA" authorityName="Bronnert, Gheerbrant, Godinot &amp; Metais" authorityYear="2018" box="[186,331,1109,1134]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="9" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quesnoyensis">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520FB66BFF42FBC3DA01FBFA" box="[186,331,1109,1134]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">P. quesnoyensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The p4 entoconid is more developed than in
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520FB66BFF67FBE3DA65FB1A" authorityName="Bronnert, Gheerbrant, Godinot &amp; Metais" authorityYear="2018" box="[159,303,1141,1166]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="9" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quesnoyensis">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520FB66BFF67FBE3DA65FB1A" box="[159,303,1141,1166]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">P. quesnoyensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Compared with
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520FB66BFE1BFBE3D919FB1A" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1858" box="[483,595,1140,1166]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="9" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpiceps">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520FB66BFE1BFBE3D919FB1A" box="[483,595,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">P. vulpiceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the upper molar and premolar conules and p1 are less developed in
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520FB66BFD65FB03D9B5FB3A" authorityName="Hooker" authorityYear="2010" box="[669,767,1172,1198]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="9" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barnesi">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520FB66BFD65FB03D9B5FB3A" box="[669,767,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">P. barnesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D520FB66BFF7CFB42DBB0FB78" blockId="9.[130,775,1236,1422]" box="[132,250,1236,1262]" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">
<smallCapsWord id="5E969581520FB66BFF7CFB42DBB0FB78" baselines="1255,1255" box="[132,250,1236,1262]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Comment" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">COMMENT</smallCapsWord>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D520FB66BFF7CFB62D902FA1A" blockId="9.[130,775,1236,1422]" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520FB66BFF7CFB62DA6FFA9A" author="Hooker" box="[132,293,1268,1294]" firstAuthor="Hooker" pageId="9" pageNumber="284" pagination="29 - 63" refId="ref34268" refString="HOOKER J. J. 1994. - The beginning of the equoid radiation. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 112: 29 - 63. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1994. tb 00311. x" type="journal article" year="1994">Hooker (1994)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520FB66BFE69FB63D949FA9A" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1858" box="[401,515,1268,1294]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="9" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpiceps">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520FB66BFE69FB63D949FA9A" box="[401,515,1268,1294]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">P. vulpiceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Pourcy. However, our revision of the material indicates that the specimens discovered in Pourcy belong to
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520FB66BFE65FAA2D94BFAD9" authorityName="Hooker" authorityYear="2010" box="[413,513,1331,1357]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="9" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barnesi">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520FB66BFE65FAA2D94BFAD9" box="[413,513,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">P. barnesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
rather than
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520FB66BFD73FAA2D84AFAD9" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1858" box="[651,768,1331,1357]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="9" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpiceps">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520FB66BFD73FAA2D84AFAD9" box="[651,768,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">P. vulpiceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. These fossils, as for
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520FB66BFEADFAC2DAFDFAF9" authorityName="Hooker" authorityYear="2010" box="[341,439,1363,1389]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="9" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barnesi">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520FB66BFEADFAC2DAFDFAF9" box="[341,439,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">P. barnesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, notably display less developed conules on upper molars than
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520FB66BFE35FAE2D90BFA19" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1858" box="[461,577,1395,1421]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="9" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpiceps">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520FB66BFE35FAE2D90BFA19" box="[461,577,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">P. vulpiceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<subSubSection id="10D550D6520FB66BFEBFFA42D981F999" pageId="9" pageNumber="284" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="5870035D520FB66BFEBFFA42D981F999" blockId="9.[193,715,1491,1582]" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520FB66BFEBFFA42D981F999" authority="Bronnert, Gheerbrant, Godinot &amp; Metais, 2018" authorityName="Bronnert, Gheerbrant, Godinot &amp; Metais" authorityYear="2018" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="9" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quesnoyensis">
<heading id="0338B431520FB66BFEBFFA42D90EFA79" box="[327,580,1491,1518]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="284" reason="2">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520FB66BFEBFFA42D90EFA79" bold="true" box="[327,580,1491,1518]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">Pliolophus quesnoyensis</emphasis>
</heading>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520FB66BFF39FA65D981F999" author="Bronnert, Gheerbrant, Godinot &amp; Metais" box="[193,715,1523,1549]" firstAuthor="Bronnert" pageId="9" pageNumber="284" pagination="237 - 250" refId="ref32707" refString="BRONNERT C., GHEERBRANT E., GODINOT M. &amp; METAIS G. 2018. - A primitive perissodactyl (Mammalia) from the early Eocene of Le Quesnoy (Mp 7, France). Historical Biology 30 (1 - 2): 237 - 250. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 08912963.2017.1341502" type="journal article" year="2018">Bronnert, Gheerbrant, Godinot &amp; Métais, 2018</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D550D6520FB66BFE66F985DA0FF9EA" pageId="9" pageNumber="284" type="description">
<paragraph id="5870035D520FB66BFE66F985DAA7F9B9" blockId="9.[193,715,1491,1582]" box="[414,493,1555,1582]" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">
(
<figureCitation id="C0F41FD8520FB66BFE5FF985DAAEF9BA" box="[423,484,1555,1582]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1667,1684]" captionTargetBox="[133,1454,215,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-142@10.[699,1267,778,1344]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 5. — Teeth of Pliolophus quesnoyensisBronnert,Gheerbrant,Godinot &amp; Métais,2018 from Le Quesnoy,Try,Meudon and Sinceny:A, left p2 (MNHN-QNY2-3076); B, left p3 (MNHN-TRY16); C, left p4 (MNHN-TRY22-L); D, right M1/2 (MNHN-M-TRY23 [reversed]); E, left M3 (MNHN-M-TRY8); F, left m1 (MNHN-M-TRY5 [reversed]); G, left m1/2 (MNHN-ME16322 [reversed]); H, right DP2 (MNHN-SY3-Cn [reversed]); I, right P3 (MNHN-SY1-Cn [reversed]); J, left P4 (MNHN-SY5-DE); K, left M1/2 (MNHN-SY4-DE); L, right M1/2 (MNHN-ME16325 [reversed]); M, right DP3 (MNHN-M.TRY10 [reversed]); N, right DP4 (MNHN-M.TRY3 [reversed]); O-P, left mandible with p4, m2-m3 (coll. Phélizon); A-O, occlusal views; P, mesial view; A-N, coated with magnesium; H-K, casts. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037940/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D520FB66BFF7CF9DADA0FF9EA" blockId="9.[132,776,1612,1662]" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520FB66BFF7CF9DADBA6F9EA" authority="Bronnert, Gheerbrant, Godinot &amp; Metais, 2018: 239" authorityName="Bronnert, Gheerbrant, Godinot &amp; Metais" authorityPageNumber="239" authorityYear="2018" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="9" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quesnoyensis">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520FB66BFF7CF9DADA17F9F7" box="[132,349,1612,1636]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">Pliolophus quesnoyensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520FB66BFE9DF9DADBA6F9EA" author="Bronnert, Gheerbrant, Godinot &amp; Metais" firstAuthor="Bronnert" page="239" pageId="9" pageNumber="284" pagination="237 - 250" refId="ref32707" refString="BRONNERT C., GHEERBRANT E., GODINOT M. &amp; METAIS G. 2018. - A primitive perissodactyl (Mammalia) from the early Eocene of Le Quesnoy (Mp 7, France). Historical Biology 30 (1 - 2): 237 - 250. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 08912963.2017.1341502" type="journal article" year="2018">Bronnert, Gheerbrant, Godinot &amp; Métais, 2018: 239</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, figs 3-7.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D550D6520FB66BFF7CF900DB91F8C3" pageId="9" pageNumber="284" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="5870035D520FB66BFF7CF900D97DF93A" blockId="9.[132,567,1686,1710]" box="[132,567,1686,1710]" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520FB66BFF7CF900DA79F939" box="[132,307,1686,1710]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hyracotherium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="9" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520FB66BFF7CF900DA5BF93A" box="[132,273,1686,1710]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">Hyracotherium</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
–
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520FB66BFEB4F900D979F93A" author="Russell" box="[332,563,1686,1710]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Russell" page="432" pageId="9" pageNumber="284" pagination="429 - 433" refId="ref35960" refString="RUSSELL D. E., GALOYER A., LOUIS P. &amp; GINGERICH P. D. 1988. - Nouveaux vertebres sparnaciens du conglomerat de Meudon a Meudon, France. Compte-Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences de Paris, serie II, 307: 429 - 433. https: // gallica. bnf. fr / ark: / 12148 / bpt 6 k 6327064 k / f 443. item" type="journal article" year="1988">
Russell
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520FB66BFE6EF901DA8EF93A" box="[406,452,1686,1710]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">et al.</emphasis>
1988: 432
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D520FB66BFF7CF953D9D0F94A" blockId="9.[132,666,1733,1758]" box="[132,666,1733,1758]" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520FB66BFF7CF953DA29F949" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1858" box="[132,355,1733,1757]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="9" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpiceps">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520FB66BFF7CF953DBAEF949" box="[132,228,1733,1757]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">Pliolophus</emphasis>
aff.
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520FB66BFEE8F953DA29F949" box="[272,355,1733,1757]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">vulpiceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520FB66BFE85F953D901F949" author="Hooker" box="[381,587,1733,1758]" firstAuthor="Hooker" page="53 - 54" pageId="9" pageNumber="284" pagination="29 - 63" refId="ref34268" refString="HOOKER J. J. 1994. - The beginning of the equoid radiation. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 112: 29 - 63. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1994. tb 00311. x" type="journal article" year="1994">Hooker 1994: 53-54</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 17.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D520FB66BFF7CF963D9C3F899" blockId="9.[132,649,1781,1805]" box="[132,649,1781,1805]" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">
“
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520FB66BFF77F963DA7CF899" authorityName="Lemoine" authorityYear="1891" box="[143,310,1781,1805]" class="Mammalia" family="Palaeotheriidae" genus="Propachynolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="9" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520FB66BFF77F963DA7CF899" box="[143,310,1781,1805]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">Propachynolophus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” sp. 1 –
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520FB66BFE75F963D970F899" author="Hooker" box="[397,570,1781,1805]" firstAuthor="Hooker" page="60" pageId="9" pageNumber="284" pagination="29 - 63" refId="ref34268" refString="HOOKER J. J. 1994. - The beginning of the equoid radiation. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 112: 29 - 63. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1994. tb 00311. x" type="journal article" year="1994">Hooker 1994: 60</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 26.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D520FB66BFF7CF8B3DB91F8C3" blockId="9.[132,775,1829,1879]" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520FB66BFF7CF8B3DA54F8A9" box="[132,286,1829,1853]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="9" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undefined-1">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520FB66BFF7CF8B3DBAFF8A9" box="[132,229,1829,1853]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">Pliolophus</emphasis>
sp. 1
</taxonomicName>
–
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520FB66BFEC4F8B3DAA2F8A9" author="Hooker" box="[316,488,1829,1853]" firstAuthor="Hooker" page="60" pageId="9" pageNumber="284" pagination="29 - 63" refId="ref34268" refString="HOOKER J. J. 1994. - The beginning of the equoid radiation. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 112: 29 - 63. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1994. tb 00311. x" type="journal article" year="1994">Hooker 1994: 60</bibRefCitation>
(
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520FB66BFE01F8B3D970F8A8" box="[505,570,1829,1852]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">partim</emphasis>
), fig. 26; 2010: 117 (
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520FB66BFF74F8D6DB86F8C3" box="[140,204,1856,1879]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">partim</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D550D6520FB66BFF7CF8F9DE07FDB9" pageId="9" pageNumber="284" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5870035D520FB66BFF7CF8F9D84DF813" blockId="9.[132,775,1903,1927]" box="[132,775,1903,1927]" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">
<materialsCitation id="E8A70900520FB66BFF7CF8F9D849F813" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4130693351" box="[132,771,1903,1927]" collectionCode="MNHN-QNY" country="France" location="Le Quesnoy" municipality="Le Quesnoy" pageId="9" pageNumber="284" specimenCode="MNHN-QNY2-2696" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Oise" typeStatus="holotype">
<smallCapsWord id="5E969581520FB66BFF7CF8F9DBA6F811" baselines="1920,1921" box="[132,236,1903,1926]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Holotype" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">
<typeStatus id="8774BDFF520FB66BFF7CF8F9DBA6F811" box="[132,236,1903,1926]" pageId="9" pageNumber="284" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
</smallCapsWord>
. —
<specimenCode id="0869AB26520FB66BFEEDF8F9DAA5F813" box="[277,495,1903,1927]" collectionCode="MNHN-QNY" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">MNHN-QNY2-2696</specimenCode>
, right mandible with m1-m3
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D520FB66BFF7CF809DACEF87F" blockId="9.[131,775,1950,2027]" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">
<materialsCitation id="E8A70900520FB66BFF7CF809DACAF87F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4130693335" collectionCode="MNHN-QNY" pageId="9" pageNumber="284" specimenCode="MNHN-QNY2-3022, MNHN-QNY2-2700, MNHN-QNY2-2705" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<smallCapsWord id="5E969581520FB66BFF7CF809DBA6F821" baselines="1968,1969" box="[132,236,1951,1974]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Paratypes" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">
<typeStatus id="8774BDFF520FB66BFF7CF809DBA6F821" box="[132,236,1951,1974]" pageId="9" pageNumber="284" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
</smallCapsWord>
. —
<specimenCode id="0869AB26520FB66BFEEEF809DAB8F823" box="[278,498,1951,1975]" collectionCode="MNHN-QNY" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">MNHN-QNY2-3022</specimenCode>
, right mandible, P1 missing;
<specimenCode id="0869AB26520FB66BFF7BF82FDA22F845" box="[131,360,1977,2001]" collectionCode="MNHN-QNY" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">MNHN-QNY2-2700</specimenCode>
, right maxillary with P4-M3;
<specimenCode id="0869AB26520FB66BFD5FF82FDA4FF87F" collectionCode="MNHN-QNY" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">MNHN-QNY2-2705</specimenCode>
, right M1/2
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D520FB66BFCD5FF4ED8F0FE9E" blockId="9.[811,1457,215,557]" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">
<materialsCitation id="E8A70900520FB66BFCD5FF4ED8FCFE9E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4130693314" pageId="9" pageNumber="284" specimenCount="1">
<smallCapsWord id="5E969581520FB66BFCD5FF4ED8C7FF7A" baselines="233,234" box="[813,909,216,239]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Material" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">MATERIAL</smallCapsWord>
. —
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520FB66BFC4BFF4EDF6CFF65" bold="true" box="[947,1062,216,241]" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">Le Quesnoy</emphasis>
: see
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520FB66BFBA8FF4EDE46FF64" author="Bronnert" box="[1104,1292,215,240]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bronnert" pageId="9" pageNumber="284" pagination="237 - 250" refId="ref32707" refString="BRONNERT C., GHEERBRANT E., GODINOT M. &amp; METAIS G. 2018. - A primitive perissodactyl (Mammalia) from the early Eocene of Le Quesnoy (Mp 7, France). Historical Biology 30 (1 - 2): 237 - 250. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 08912963.2017.1341502" type="journal article" year="2018">
Bronnert
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520FB66BFB54FF4EDF92FF7B" box="[1196,1240,215,239]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
; p2 (R: MNHN-QNY2-3076)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D520FB66BFCD5FE9BD8EFFEE0" blockId="9.[811,1457,215,557]" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">
<materialsCitation id="E8A70900520FB66BFCD5FE9BD8EBFEE0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4130693331" pageId="9" pageNumber="284" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520FB66BFCD5FE9BD8C8FEB1" bold="true" box="[813,898,269,293]" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">Meudon</emphasis>
: mandible with p4-m3 (L: coll. Phélizon); P3 (R: unnumbered [Marseille]); M1/2 (R: MNHN-ME-16325, unnumbered [Marseille]); m1/2 (L: MNHN-ME-16322); m3 (R: unnumbered [Marseille])
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D520FB66BFCD5FEEEDE07FDB9" blockId="9.[811,1457,215,557]" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">
<materialsCitation id="E8A70900520FB66BFCD5FEEEDE03FDB9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4130693302" pageId="9" pageNumber="284" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520FB66BFCD5FEEED832FE04" bold="true" box="[813,888,376,400]" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">Sinceny</emphasis>
: P2 (R: MNHN-SY3-CN); P3 (R: MNHN-SY1-CN; L: unnumbered MNHN coll. Cahuzac); P4 (L: MNHN-SY5-DE); M1/2 (L: MNHN-SY4-DE); M3 (R: unnumbered MNHN coll. Berton).
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520FB66BFCD5FE50D81AFE4A" bold="true" box="[813,848,454,478]" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">Try</emphasis>
: DP3 (R: MNHN-M-TRY10); DP4 (R: MNHN-M-TRY3); M1/2 (R: MNHN-M-TRY23, TRY17-L; L: MNHN-M-TRY9, M-TRY11); M3 (L: MNHN-M-TRY8); p3 (R: MNHN-M-TRY16); p4 (R: MNHN-TRY22-L); m1 (L: MNHN-M-TRY5)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D550D6520FB66BFCD5FDD3DE1DFD32" pageId="9" pageNumber="284" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="5870035D520FB66BFCD5FDD3DE72FDC8" blockId="9.[813,1336,581,605]" box="[813,1336,581,605]" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">
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<typeStatus id="8774BDFF520FB66BFCD5FDD3D817FDCE" box="[813,861,581,604]" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">TYPE</typeStatus>
</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="5E969581520FB66BFC9CFDDCD8F5FDCF" baselines="599" box="[868,959,586,603]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="locality" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">LOCALITY</smallCapsWord>
. — Le Quesnoy (Oise,
<collectingCountry id="20D843CD520FB66BFB51FDD3DFA4FDC9" box="[1193,1262,581,605]" name="France" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">France</collectingCountry>
), MP7.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D520FB66BFCD5FDE3DE1DFD32" blockId="9.[811,1455,628,679]" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">
<smallCapsWord id="5E969581520FB66BFCD5FDE3D8FCFD1F" baselines="646,647" box="[813,950,629,652]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Distribution" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">DISTRIBUTION</smallCapsWord>
. — Le Quesnoy (Oise,
<collectingCountry id="20D843CD520FB66BFB68FDE2DF99FD18" box="[1168,1235,628,652]" name="France" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">France</collectingCountry>
), Try (Marne), Meudon (Hauts-de-Seine,
<collectingCountry id="20D843CD520FB66BFC2EFD19DF51FD33" box="[982,1051,655,679]" name="France" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">France</collectingCountry>
), Sinceny (Aisne,
<collectingCountry id="20D843CD520FB66BFB31FD19DE44FD33" box="[1225,1294,655,679]" name="France" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">France</collectingCountry>
), MP7.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D550D6520FB66BFCD5FD29DE0AFC2B" pageId="9" pageNumber="284" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="5870035D520FB66BFCD5FD29DEE5FCD4" blockId="9.[813,1456,702,832]" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">
<smallCapsWord id="5E969581520FB66BFCD5FD29D8DDFD41" baselines="720,721" box="[813,919,703,726]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Diagnosis" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">DIAGNOSIS</smallCapsWord>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520FB66BFC5FFD29DF3AFD42" author="Bronnert" box="[935,1136,702,726]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bronnert" pageId="9" pageNumber="284" pagination="237 - 250" refId="ref32707" refString="BRONNERT C., GHEERBRANT E., GODINOT M. &amp; METAIS G. 2018. - A primitive perissodactyl (Mammalia) from the early Eocene of Le Quesnoy (Mp 7, France). Historical Biology 30 (1 - 2): 237 - 250. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 08912963.2017.1341502" type="journal article" year="2018">
Bronnert
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520FB66BFBFFFD29DF7FFD42" box="[1031,1077,702,726]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
). — Small brachyodont perissodactyl; post-p1 diastema extremely short, almost absent; complete cheek tooth formula; sub-lophodont molars; paraconule close to protocone on P3; protocone on P2; straight centrocrista; enlarged crenulated cingulum on M3; hypoconulid lobe on m3 developed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D520FB66BFCD5FCCEDE0AFC2B" blockId="9.[811,1455,856,959]" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">
<smallCapsWord id="5E969581520FB66BFCD5FCCED8FFFCFA" baselines="873,874" box="[813,949,856,879]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Differential" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">DIFFERENTIAL</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="5E969581520FB66BFC42FCCBDF6AFCFA" baselines="874" box="[954,1056,861,878]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="diagnosis" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">DIAGNOSIS</smallCapsWord>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520FB66BFBD5FCCEDFBAFCE4" author="Bronnert" box="[1069,1264,856,880]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bronnert" pageId="9" pageNumber="284" pagination="237 - 250" refId="ref32707" refString="BRONNERT C., GHEERBRANT E., GODINOT M. &amp; METAIS G. 2018. - A primitive perissodactyl (Mammalia) from the early Eocene of Le Quesnoy (Mp 7, France). Historical Biology 30 (1 - 2): 237 - 250. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 08912963.2017.1341502" type="journal article" year="2018">
Bronnert
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520FB66BFB73FCCFDFFDFCE4" box="[1163,1207,856,880]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
). — Species smaller than
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520FB66BFCA5FCE5D889FC1E" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1858" box="[861,963,882,906]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="9" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpiceps">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520FB66BFCA5FCE5D889FC1E" box="[861,963,882,906]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">P. vulpiceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520FB66BFC16FCE5DF0EFC1E" authorityName="Hooker" authorityYear="2010" box="[1006,1092,882,906]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="9" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barnesi">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520FB66BFC16FCE5DF0EFC1E" box="[1006,1092,882,906]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">P. barnesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Differs from the latters by a straighter centrocrista and a smaller metaconule on upper molars. Further differs from
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520FB66BFC73FC3ED8BEFC2B" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1858" box="[907,1012,935,959]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="9" pageNumber="284" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpiceps">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520FB66BFC73FC3ED8BEFC2B" box="[907,1012,935,959]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">P. vulpiceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by a shorter postcanine diastema.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10D550D6520FB669FCD5FC63D9D4FD84" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="286" pageId="9" pageNumber="284" type="description">
<paragraph id="5870035D520FB66BFCD5FC63D8F7FB99" blockId="9.[813,1455,1013,1103]" box="[813,957,1013,1039]" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">
<smallCapsWord id="5E969581520FB66BFCD5FC63D8F7FB99" baselines="1032,1032" box="[813,957,1013,1039]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Description" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">DESCRIPTION</smallCapsWord>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D520FB66BFCD5FB82DE47FBDA" blockId="9.[813,1455,1013,1103]" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">
See
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520FB66BFCA0FB83DF0CFBBA" author="Bronnert" box="[856,1094,1044,1071]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bronnert" pageId="9" pageNumber="284" pagination="237 - 250" refId="ref32707" refString="BRONNERT C., GHEERBRANT E., GODINOT M. &amp; METAIS G. 2018. - A primitive perissodactyl (Mammalia) from the early Eocene of Le Quesnoy (Mp 7, France). Historical Biology 30 (1 - 2): 237 - 250. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 08912963.2017.1341502" type="journal article" year="2018">
Bronnert
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520FB66BFC39FB83D8BFFBBA" box="[961,1013,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">et al.</emphasis>
(2018)
</bibRefCitation>
for a complete description of the species. Here is only described new material.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D520FB66BFCD5FBE2D82EFB1A" blockId="9.[813,868,1140,1166]" box="[813,868,1140,1166]" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">
<heading id="0338B431520FB66BFCD5FBE2D82EFB1A" box="[813,868,1140,1166]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="284" reason="8">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520FB66BFCD5FBE2D82EFB1A" box="[813,868,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">Teeth</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D520FB668FCD5FB02DF12F87F" blockId="9.[811,1457,1172,2027]" lastBlockId="10.[811,1456,1841,2028]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="285" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">
The P3 is nonmolariform (
<figureCitation id="C0F41FD8520FB66BFBA2FB02DFEDFB3A" box="[1114,1191,1172,1199]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1667,1684]" captionTargetBox="[133,1454,215,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-142@10.[699,1267,778,1344]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 5. — Teeth of Pliolophus quesnoyensisBronnert,Gheerbrant,Godinot &amp; Métais,2018 from Le Quesnoy,Try,Meudon and Sinceny:A, left p2 (MNHN-QNY2-3076); B, left p3 (MNHN-TRY16); C, left p4 (MNHN-TRY22-L); D, right M1/2 (MNHN-M-TRY23 [reversed]); E, left M3 (MNHN-M-TRY8); F, left m1 (MNHN-M-TRY5 [reversed]); G, left m1/2 (MNHN-ME16322 [reversed]); H, right DP2 (MNHN-SY3-Cn [reversed]); I, right P3 (MNHN-SY1-Cn [reversed]); J, left P4 (MNHN-SY5-DE); K, left M1/2 (MNHN-SY4-DE); L, right M1/2 (MNHN-ME16325 [reversed]); M, right DP3 (MNHN-M.TRY10 [reversed]); N, right DP4 (MNHN-M.TRY3 [reversed]); O-P, left mandible with p4, m2-m3 (coll. Phélizon); A-O, occlusal views; P, mesial view; A-N, coated with magnesium; H-K, casts. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037940/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">Fig. 5I</figureCitation>
). The paracone and the metacone are close, and linked by a short centrocrista. A small paraconule is present. The postprotocrista is absent. The P4 is nonmolariform and more symmetrical than the P3.The cingulum is interrupted close to the protocone. The parastyle is small and crescentiform. The paraconule is developed and anterior to the paracone. The postprotocrista extends posteriolabially to the metacone. An endoprotocrista is present posterior to the postprotocrista. There is no mesostyle on upper molars (
<figureCitation id="C0F41FD8520FB66BFBDFFA25DFD6FA59" box="[1063,1180,1459,1486]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1667,1684]" captionTargetBox="[133,1454,215,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-142@10.[699,1267,778,1344]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 5. — Teeth of Pliolophus quesnoyensisBronnert,Gheerbrant,Godinot &amp; Métais,2018 from Le Quesnoy,Try,Meudon and Sinceny:A, left p2 (MNHN-QNY2-3076); B, left p3 (MNHN-TRY16); C, left p4 (MNHN-TRY22-L); D, right M1/2 (MNHN-M-TRY23 [reversed]); E, left M3 (MNHN-M-TRY8); F, left m1 (MNHN-M-TRY5 [reversed]); G, left m1/2 (MNHN-ME16322 [reversed]); H, right DP2 (MNHN-SY3-Cn [reversed]); I, right P3 (MNHN-SY1-Cn [reversed]); J, left P4 (MNHN-SY5-DE); K, left M1/2 (MNHN-SY4-DE); L, right M1/2 (MNHN-ME16325 [reversed]); M, right DP3 (MNHN-M.TRY10 [reversed]); N, right DP4 (MNHN-M.TRY3 [reversed]); O-P, left mandible with p4, m2-m3 (coll. Phélizon); A-O, occlusal views; P, mesial view; A-N, coated with magnesium; H-K, casts. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037940/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">Fig. 5D, E</figureCitation>
, K-L). The centrocrista is straight. The paraconule is smaller than the protocone. The protoloph is slightly notched between the protocone and the paraconule. The metaconule is weak or absent. The metaloph ends by a metacone fold. The preparaconule crista joins the preparacrista. The ectocingulum is continuous. An accessory cusp is sometimes present on the cingulum between the metacone and the hypocone. The mandible is very worn and broken. The teeth are so worn that no enamel is present in occlusal view. The p2 has a single large cusp (
<figureCitation id="C0F41FD8520FB66BFAD9F944DE3CF978" box="[1313,1398,1746,1773]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1667,1684]" captionTargetBox="[133,1454,215,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-142@10.[699,1267,778,1344]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 5. — Teeth of Pliolophus quesnoyensisBronnert,Gheerbrant,Godinot &amp; Métais,2018 from Le Quesnoy,Try,Meudon and Sinceny:A, left p2 (MNHN-QNY2-3076); B, left p3 (MNHN-TRY16); C, left p4 (MNHN-TRY22-L); D, right M1/2 (MNHN-M-TRY23 [reversed]); E, left M3 (MNHN-M-TRY8); F, left m1 (MNHN-M-TRY5 [reversed]); G, left m1/2 (MNHN-ME16322 [reversed]); H, right DP2 (MNHN-SY3-Cn [reversed]); I, right P3 (MNHN-SY1-Cn [reversed]); J, left P4 (MNHN-SY5-DE); K, left M1/2 (MNHN-SY4-DE); L, right M1/2 (MNHN-ME16325 [reversed]); M, right DP3 (MNHN-M.TRY10 [reversed]); N, right DP4 (MNHN-M.TRY3 [reversed]); O-P, left mandible with p4, m2-m3 (coll. Phélizon); A-O, occlusal views; P, mesial view; A-N, coated with magnesium; H-K, casts. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037940/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
). On some unworn upper molars, denticules are present on the metaloph (
<figureCitation id="C0F41FD8520FB66BFC5CF884D8BFF8B8" box="[932,1013,1809,1836]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1667,1684]" captionTargetBox="[133,1454,215,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-142@10.[699,1267,778,1344]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 5. — Teeth of Pliolophus quesnoyensisBronnert,Gheerbrant,Godinot &amp; Métais,2018 from Le Quesnoy,Try,Meudon and Sinceny:A, left p2 (MNHN-QNY2-3076); B, left p3 (MNHN-TRY16); C, left p4 (MNHN-TRY22-L); D, right M1/2 (MNHN-M-TRY23 [reversed]); E, left M3 (MNHN-M-TRY8); F, left m1 (MNHN-M-TRY5 [reversed]); G, left m1/2 (MNHN-ME16322 [reversed]); H, right DP2 (MNHN-SY3-Cn [reversed]); I, right P3 (MNHN-SY1-Cn [reversed]); J, left P4 (MNHN-SY5-DE); K, left M1/2 (MNHN-SY4-DE); L, right M1/2 (MNHN-ME16325 [reversed]); M, right DP3 (MNHN-M.TRY10 [reversed]); N, right DP4 (MNHN-M.TRY3 [reversed]); O-P, left mandible with p4, m2-m3 (coll. Phélizon); A-O, occlusal views; P, mesial view; A-N, coated with magnesium; H-K, casts. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037940/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="284">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
), and we interpreted that as intraspecific variation. A small paraconid is present. Three crest extends posterior to the main cusp. A small hypoconid is present. The p3 display a protoconid larger than the metaconid. They are closely appressed. A cristid obliqua links the protolophid to the hypoconid. The paraconid is absent. The p4 is submolariform. The protoconid is larger than the metaconid, and they are closely appressed. The hypoconid is large and linked to the protolophid by the cristid obliqua. The m1 displays a cristid obliqua oriented slightly labially. The hypolophid is formed by two crests. A transversal crest linked to the entoconid extends toward the hypoconid and this crest suddenly becomes directed toward the hypoconulid, thus forminga right angle (
<figureCitation id="C0F41FD8520CB668FC8BF8A7D88AF8D8" box="[883,960,1841,1868]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1667,1684]" captionTargetBox="[133,1454,215,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-142@10.[699,1267,778,1344]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 5. — Teeth of Pliolophus quesnoyensisBronnert,Gheerbrant,Godinot &amp; Métais,2018 from Le Quesnoy,Try,Meudon and Sinceny:A, left p2 (MNHN-QNY2-3076); B, left p3 (MNHN-TRY16); C, left p4 (MNHN-TRY22-L); D, right M1/2 (MNHN-M-TRY23 [reversed]); E, left M3 (MNHN-M-TRY8); F, left m1 (MNHN-M-TRY5 [reversed]); G, left m1/2 (MNHN-ME16322 [reversed]); H, right DP2 (MNHN-SY3-Cn [reversed]); I, right P3 (MNHN-SY1-Cn [reversed]); J, left P4 (MNHN-SY5-DE); K, left M1/2 (MNHN-SY4-DE); L, right M1/2 (MNHN-ME16325 [reversed]); M, right DP3 (MNHN-M.TRY10 [reversed]); N, right DP4 (MNHN-M.TRY3 [reversed]); O-P, left mandible with p4, m2-m3 (coll. Phélizon); A-O, occlusal views; P, mesial view; A-N, coated with magnesium; H-K, casts. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037940/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="285">Fig. 5F</figureCitation>
). A very faint crest extends from the hypoconid toward the transversal crest starting from the entoconid and reaches the point where the latter forms a right angle. This configuration of the hypolophid is unusual in
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520CB668FAE0F804DEE5F83F" authorityName="Bronnert, Gheerbrant, Godinot &amp; Metais" authorityYear="2018" box="[1304,1455,1938,1963]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="10" pageNumber="285" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quesnoyensis">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520CB668FAE0F804DEE5F83F" box="[1304,1455,1938,1963]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="285">P. quesnoyensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in which the hypolophid is generally formed by a transversal crest joining the hypoconid
</paragraph>
<caption id="0CB053D5520CB668FF7CF915DE12F97B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037940" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8037940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037940/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="285" startId="10.[132,143,1667,1684]" targetBox="[133,1454,215,1626]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="5870035D520CB668FF7CF915DE12F97B" blockId="10.[132,1457,1667,1775]" pageId="10" pageNumber="285">
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. 5. — Teeth of
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520CB668FEEDF915D804F900" authority="Bronnert, Gheerbrant, Godinot &amp; Metais, 2018" authorityName="Bronnert, Gheerbrant, Godinot &amp; Metais" authorityYear="2018" box="[277,846,1667,1684]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="10" pageNumber="285" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quesnoyensis">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520CB668FEEDF915DA91F900" box="[277,475,1667,1684]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="285">Pliolophus quesnoyensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520CB668FE25F915D804F900" author="Bronnert, Gheerbrant, Godinot &amp; Metais" box="[477,846,1667,1684]" firstAuthor="Bronnert" pageId="10" pageNumber="285" pagination="237 - 250" refId="ref32707" refString="BRONNERT C., GHEERBRANT E., GODINOT M. &amp; METAIS G. 2018. - A primitive perissodactyl (Mammalia) from the early Eocene of Le Quesnoy (Mp 7, France). Historical Biology 30 (1 - 2): 237 - 250. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 08912963.2017.1341502" type="journal article" year="2018">Bronnert,Gheerbrant,Godinot &amp; Métais,2018</bibRefCitation>
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from Le Quesnoy,Try,Meudon and Sinceny:
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520CB668FB40F915DF8FF900" bold="true" box="[1208,1221,1667,1684]" pageId="10" pageNumber="285">A</emphasis>
, left p2 (MNHN-QNY2-3076);
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520CB668FF7CF90CDBDBF93F" bold="true" box="[132,145,1690,1707]" pageId="10" pageNumber="285">B</emphasis>
, left p3 (MNHN-TRY16);
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520CB668FE9AF90CDA3AF93F" bold="true" box="[354,368,1690,1707]" pageId="10" pageNumber="285">C</emphasis>
, left p4 (MNHN-TRY22-L);
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520CB668FDAAF90CD92AF93F" bold="true" box="[594,608,1690,1707]" pageId="10" pageNumber="285">D</emphasis>
, right M1/2 (MNHN-M-TRY23 [reversed]);
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520CB668FC38F90CD886F93F" bold="true" box="[960,972,1690,1707]" pageId="10" pageNumber="285">E</emphasis>
, left M3 (MNHN-M-TRY8);
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520CB668FB57F90CDFF0F93F" bold="true" box="[1199,1210,1690,1707]" pageId="10" pageNumber="285">F</emphasis>
, left m1 (MNHN-M-TRY5 [reversed]);
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520CB668FF28F927DB94F956" bold="true" box="[208,222,1713,1730]" pageId="10" pageNumber="285">G</emphasis>
, left m1/2 (MNHN-ME16322 [reversed]);
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520CB668FDCBF927D90BF956" bold="true" box="[563,577,1713,1730]" pageId="10" pageNumber="285">H</emphasis>
, right DP2 (MNHN-SY3-Cn [reversed]);
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520CB668FC73F927D8DBF956" bold="true" box="[907,913,1713,1730]" pageId="10" pageNumber="285">I</emphasis>
, right P3 (MNHN-SY1-Cn [reversed]);
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520CB668FB37F927DF93F956" bold="true" box="[1231,1241,1713,1730]" pageId="10" pageNumber="285">J</emphasis>
, left P4 (MNHN-SY5-DE);
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520CB668FF7CF95EDBDBF94D" bold="true" box="[132,145,1736,1753]" pageId="10" pageNumber="285">K</emphasis>
, left M1/2 (MNHN-SY4-DE);
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520CB668FE7AF95EDAC7F94D" bold="true" box="[386,397,1736,1753]" pageId="10" pageNumber="285">L</emphasis>
, right M1/2 (MNHN-ME16325 [reversed]);
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520CB668FD0AF95ED849F94D" bold="true" box="[754,771,1736,1753]" pageId="10" pageNumber="285">M</emphasis>
, right DP3 (MNHN-M.TRY10 [reversed]);
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520CB668FBA2F95EDF22F94D" bold="true" box="[1114,1128,1736,1753]" pageId="10" pageNumber="285">N</emphasis>
, right DP4 (MNHN-M.TRY3 [reversed]);
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520CB668FF7CF948DBECF97B" bold="true" box="[132,166,1758,1775]" pageId="10" pageNumber="285">O -P</emphasis>
, left mandible with p4, m2-m3 (coll. Phélizon);
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520CB668FDD3F948D904F97B" bold="true" box="[555,590,1758,1775]" pageId="10" pageNumber="285">A -O</emphasis>
, occlusal views;
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520CB668FD23F948D9ADF97B" bold="true" box="[731,743,1758,1775]" pageId="10" pageNumber="285">P</emphasis>
, mesial view;
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520CB668FCA5F948D835F97B" bold="true" box="[861,895,1758,1775]" pageId="10" pageNumber="285">A -N</emphasis>
, coated with magnesium;
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520CB668FBA3F948DF37F97B" bold="true" box="[1115,1149,1758,1775]" pageId="10" pageNumber="285">H -K</emphasis>
, casts. Scale bars: 5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520DB669FF7CFF41DA6DFF65" box="[132,295,215,241]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">Deciduous teeth</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5870035D520DB669FF7CFF61D9D4FD84" blockId="11.[130,777,247,528]" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">
The DP2possesses a large paracone,much larger than the metacone (
<figureCitation id="C0F41FD8520DB669FF75FE81DB94FEA5" box="[141,222,279,306]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1667,1684]" captionTargetBox="[133,1454,215,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-142@10.[699,1267,778,1344]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 5. — Teeth of Pliolophus quesnoyensisBronnert,Gheerbrant,Godinot &amp; Métais,2018 from Le Quesnoy,Try,Meudon and Sinceny:A, left p2 (MNHN-QNY2-3076); B, left p3 (MNHN-TRY16); C, left p4 (MNHN-TRY22-L); D, right M1/2 (MNHN-M-TRY23 [reversed]); E, left M3 (MNHN-M-TRY8); F, left m1 (MNHN-M-TRY5 [reversed]); G, left m1/2 (MNHN-ME16322 [reversed]); H, right DP2 (MNHN-SY3-Cn [reversed]); I, right P3 (MNHN-SY1-Cn [reversed]); J, left P4 (MNHN-SY5-DE); K, left M1/2 (MNHN-SY4-DE); L, right M1/2 (MNHN-ME16325 [reversed]); M, right DP3 (MNHN-M.TRY10 [reversed]); N, right DP4 (MNHN-M.TRY3 [reversed]); O-P, left mandible with p4, m2-m3 (coll. Phélizon); A-O, occlusal views; P, mesial view; A-N, coated with magnesium; H-K, casts. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037940/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">Fig. 5H</figureCitation>
). The parastyle is small.There is neither protocone nor hypocone, but a developed cingulum is present on the anteriolingual margin. The DP3 displays a larger parastyle (
<figureCitation id="C0F41FD8520DB669FD5BFEC1D9B1FEE5" box="[675,763,343,370]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1667,1684]" captionTargetBox="[133,1454,215,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-142@10.[699,1267,778,1344]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 5. — Teeth of Pliolophus quesnoyensisBronnert,Gheerbrant,Godinot &amp; Métais,2018 from Le Quesnoy,Try,Meudon and Sinceny:A, left p2 (MNHN-QNY2-3076); B, left p3 (MNHN-TRY16); C, left p4 (MNHN-TRY22-L); D, right M1/2 (MNHN-M-TRY23 [reversed]); E, left M3 (MNHN-M-TRY8); F, left m1 (MNHN-M-TRY5 [reversed]); G, left m1/2 (MNHN-ME16322 [reversed]); H, right DP2 (MNHN-SY3-Cn [reversed]); I, right P3 (MNHN-SY1-Cn [reversed]); J, left P4 (MNHN-SY5-DE); K, left M1/2 (MNHN-SY4-DE); L, right M1/2 (MNHN-ME16325 [reversed]); M, right DP3 (MNHN-M.TRY10 [reversed]); N, right DP4 (MNHN-M.TRY3 [reversed]); O-P, left mandible with p4, m2-m3 (coll. Phélizon); A-O, occlusal views; P, mesial view; A-N, coated with magnesium; H-K, casts. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037940/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">Fig. 5M</figureCitation>
). There is no metaconule nor paraconule.The hypocone is larger than the protocone. The cingulum is interrupted close to the hypocone. The DP4 has a protocone larger than the hypocone (
<figureCitation id="C0F41FD8520DB669FF75FE40DB95FE64" box="[141,223,470,497]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1667,1684]" captionTargetBox="[133,1454,215,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-142@10.[699,1267,778,1344]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 5. — Teeth of Pliolophus quesnoyensisBronnert,Gheerbrant,Godinot &amp; Métais,2018 from Le Quesnoy,Try,Meudon and Sinceny:A, left p2 (MNHN-QNY2-3076); B, left p3 (MNHN-TRY16); C, left p4 (MNHN-TRY22-L); D, right M1/2 (MNHN-M-TRY23 [reversed]); E, left M3 (MNHN-M-TRY8); F, left m1 (MNHN-M-TRY5 [reversed]); G, left m1/2 (MNHN-ME16322 [reversed]); H, right DP2 (MNHN-SY3-Cn [reversed]); I, right P3 (MNHN-SY1-Cn [reversed]); J, left P4 (MNHN-SY5-DE); K, left M1/2 (MNHN-SY4-DE); L, right M1/2 (MNHN-ME16325 [reversed]); M, right DP3 (MNHN-M.TRY10 [reversed]); N, right DP4 (MNHN-M.TRY3 [reversed]); O-P, left mandible with p4, m2-m3 (coll. Phélizon); A-O, occlusal views; P, mesial view; A-N, coated with magnesium; H-K, casts. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037940/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="286">Fig. 5N</figureCitation>
). A small paraconule and metaconule are present. The centrocrista is straight. The cingulum is continuous.
</paragraph>
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Genus
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.
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. —
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by original designation.
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(
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aff.
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sp.
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–
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, fig. 1-2.
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. — DP4 (R: IRSNB.M 1795); m1/2 (R: IRSNB.M 1796 [broken])
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.
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. — Hoegaarden (
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), MP8-9.
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<paragraph id="5870035D5219B67DFCD5FC03D8CAFC7A" blockId="31.[810,1456,854,1006]" pageId="31" pageNumber="306">The upper molar cusps are rounded and inflated. The hypoconulid is linked to the hypoconid by a postcristid.The hypolophid is weak.</paragraph>
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These remains are very fragmentary (
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). The junction of the hypoconulid with the hypoconid of the molar indicate that it does not belong to the genera
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and
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. They correspond in size and morphology to
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5219B67DFC83FA05DF51FA39" authorityName=", Hooker" authorityYear="1994" box="[891,1051,1427,1453]" class="Mammalia" family="Lophialetidae" genus="Hallensia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="31" pageNumber="306" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="louisi">
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, presenting notably “blistered” cusps characteristic of
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Genre
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<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F521AB67EFEDDF98DDACDF9A1" box="[293,391,1563,1589]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="303">Hallensia</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F521AB67EFF7CF9C2DB97F9F8" box="[132,221,1620,1644]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="303">Hallensia</emphasis>
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. —
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<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F521AB67EFED7F912DA97F908" box="[303,477,1668,1692]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="303">Hallensia matthesi</emphasis>
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by original designation.
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. —
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE521AB67EFEA1F958D9EDF972" authority=", Franzen, 1990" authorityName=", Franzen" authorityYear="1990" box="[345,679,1742,1766]" class="Mammalia" family="Lophialetidae" genus="Hallensia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parisiensis">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F521AB67EFEA1F958D95BF972" box="[345,529,1742,1766]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="303">Hallensia parisiensis</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC521AB67EFDE5F959D9EDF972" author="Franzen" box="[541,679,1742,1766]" firstAuthor="Franzen" pageId="28" pageNumber="303" pagination="175 - 201" refId="ref33404" refString="FRANZEN J. L. 1990. - Hallensia (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) aus Messel und dem Pariser Becken sowie Nachtrage aus dem Geiseltal. Bulletin de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre 60: 175 - 201. http: // pascal-francis. inist. fr / vibad / index. php? action = getRecordDetail &amp; idt = 19633641" type="journal article" year="1990">Franzen, 1990</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
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<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F521AB67EFD56F958DBFCF895" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="303">Hallensia louisi</emphasis>
,
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</taxonomicName>
.
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. — Perissodactyl of medium size (basicranium length:
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) with brachyodont and bunolophodont dentition. Dental formula 3.1.4.3/3.1.4.3. Nasal incisure extending at the posterior border of the I3 alveolus. Upper molars with or without mesostyle and without postprotocrista. Strong cingula on upper molars. M3 with strong hypocone. Upper and lower M3 larger than M2. Lower molars without paraconid. Hypoconulid of m3 relatively large.
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<smallCapsWord id="5E969581521AB67EFCD5FF41D8E8FF64" baselines="234,235" box="[813,930,215,241]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Comment" pageId="28" pageNumber="303">COMMENT</smallCapsWord>
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<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE521AB67EFCD5FF61D8C4FE85" authorityName="Franzen &amp; Haubold" authorityYear="1986" box="[813,910,247,273]" class="Mammalia" family="Lophialetidae" genus="Hallensia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F521AB67EFCD5FF61D8C4FE85" box="[813,910,247,273]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="303">Hallensia</emphasis>
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is a perissodactyl with a very characteristic morphology. This primitive morphology pushed
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC521AB67EFB2DFE8ED83FFEC5" author="Franzen &amp; Haubold" firstAuthor="Franzen" pageId="28" pageNumber="303" pagination="159 - 170" refId="ref33472" refString="FRANZEN J. L. &amp; HAUBOLD H. 1986. - The middle Eocene of European mammalian stratigraphy. Definition of the Geiseltalian. Modern Geology 10 (2 - 3): 159 - 170." type="journal article" year="1986">Franzen &amp; Haubold (1986)</bibRefCitation>
to classify it within the phenacodontid condylarths. The discovery of a complete skeleton of
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE521AB67EFB23FECEDE1CFEE5" authorityName="Franzen &amp; Haubold" authorityYear="1986" box="[1243,1366,343,369]" class="Mammalia" family="Lophialetidae" genus="Hallensia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="28" pageNumber="303" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="matthesi">
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F521AB67EFB23FECEDE1CFEE5" box="[1243,1366,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="303">H. matthesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Messel (
<collectingCountry id="20D843CD521AB67EFCA1FEE1D889FE05" box="[857,963,375,401]" name="Germany" pageId="28" pageNumber="303">Germany</collectingCountry>
) indicates that it is a perissodactyl (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC521AB67EFAA0FEE1D82CFE25" author="Franzen" firstAuthor="Franzen" pageId="28" pageNumber="303" pagination="175 - 201" refId="ref33404" refString="FRANZEN J. L. 1990. - Hallensia (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) aus Messel und dem Pariser Becken sowie Nachtrage aus dem Geiseltal. Bulletin de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre 60: 175 - 201. http: // pascal-francis. inist. fr / vibad / index. php? action = getRecordDetail &amp; idt = 19633641" type="journal article" year="1990">Franzen 1990</bibRefCitation>
), mostly because of the saddle-shaped navicular facet of its astragalus, a synapomorphic feature of perissodactyls (
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC521AB67EFCCEFE40D890FE64" author="Radinsky" box="[822,986,470,496]" firstAuthor="Radinsky" pageId="28" pageNumber="303" pagination="408 - 417" refId="ref35676" refString="RADINSKY L. B. 1966. - The adaptive radiation of the phenacodontid condylarths and the origin of the Perissodactyla. Evolution 20 (3): 408 - 417. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2406639" type="journal article" year="1966">Radinsky 1966</bibRefCitation>
).
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<taxonomicName id="F940A4101868F65C71025966729A89F1" ID-CoL="HJRF" authority="(Burm. f.) Becherer" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Aspleniaceae" genus="Asplenium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Asplenium aethiopicum" order="Polypodiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="24137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aethiopicum">Asplenium aethiopicum (Burm.f.) Becherer</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="5F864474C958C4BB5F0AF5367C458F91" pageId="0" pageNumber="24137">Materials</paragraph>
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Type status:
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