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<document id="63EA7B5642661FA4B956103C05909FEE" ID-CLB-Dataset="30512" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4394.3.10" ID-GBIF-Dataset="317c0d52-ec77-432c-bd3c-eaf3566da1ec" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1199748" ID-ZooBank="C9397EC8-2653-4B73-A3C3-B5AFD19FCD23" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1521176526857" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Guglielmino, Adalgisa, Olmi, Massimo, Marletta, Alessandro &amp; Speranza, Stefano" docDate="2018" docId="D04C87C74C40857FFF28E9D1FEB5FCC7" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4394.3.10.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4394 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Dryinus maderai Guglielmino &amp; Olmi &amp; Marletta &amp; Speranza 2018, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="445" masterDocId="2C75FFBF4C41857DFFBFE845FFD2FFD2" masterDocTitle="Discovery of the first species of Dryinus Latreille (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae) from Burmese amber" masterLastPageNumber="448" masterPageNumber="443" pageNumber="444" updateTime="1698531067016" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="1BEED1DF10C52B3520576272D9FC93CB" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="077B08656C2BD17549A4EEC31843339A">Discovery of the first species of Dryinus Latreille (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae) from Burmese amber</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="79856A9BB0615AA19A89F01CEBC5BEDA">Guglielmino, Adalgisa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="87718FF2E8CF417B4211FDBEAACB9BE8">Olmi, Massimo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E0B3F20DC87B74F363605DF66B358455">Marletta, Alessandro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F67B9B558181730972331CFEC0BE0BF2">Speranza, Stefano</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="D04C87C74C40857FFF28E9D1FEB5FCC7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5985057" ID-GBIF-Taxon="142289374" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5985057" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D04C87C74C40857FFF28E9D1FEB5FCC7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D04C87C74C40857FFF28E9D1FEB5FCC7" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="445" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">
<subSubSection id="10FF655A4C40857CFF28E9D1FF2BFE1D" pageId="1" pageNumber="444" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="585A36D14C40857CFF28E9D1FE1AFE7C" blockId="1.[151,456,404,463]" box="[151,456,404,430]" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">
<heading id="031281BD4C40857CFF28E9D1FE1AFE7C" bold="true" box="[151,456,404,430]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="444" reason="1">
<emphasis id="6A91EAC34C40857CFF28E9D1FE1AFE7C" bold="true" box="[151,456,404,430]" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">
<taxonomicName id="9FE54D524C40857CFF28E9D1FEB6FE7C" authority="Guglielmino &amp; Olmi &amp; Marletta &amp; Speranza, 2018" authorityName="Guglielmino &amp; Olmi &amp; Marletta &amp; Speranza" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,356,404,430]" class="Insecta" family="Dryinidae" genus="Dryinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="444" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maderai" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="6A91EAC34C40857CFF28E9D1FEB6FE7C" bold="true" box="[151,356,404,430]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">Dryinus maderai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="71A257B84C40857CFED5E9D1FE1AFE7C" box="[362,456,404,430]" pageId="1" pageNumber="444" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="585A36D14C40857CFF28E9F3FF2BFE1D" blockId="1.[151,456,404,463]" box="[151,249,438,463]" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">
<figureCitation id="C0DE2A544C40857CFF28E9F3FF2BFE1D" box="[151,249,438,463]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1–3" captionStart-1="FIGURES 4–5. 4" captionStartId-0="2.[151,264,1706,1729]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,264,1931,1954]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,854,1676]" captionTargetBox-1="[206,1369,1031,1890]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[151,1436,844,1686]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[151,1436,985,1911]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionText-0="FIGURES 1–3. Dryinus maderai sp. nov.: female holotype: 1, dorsal view; 2, ventral view; female paratype: 3, forewing. Scale bar 1.0 mm for 1 and 2, 0.43 mm for 3." captionText-1="FIGURES 4–5. 4. Dryinus maderai sp. nov., female holotype: chela. 5. Dryinus asiaticus (Olmi), female holotype: chela. Scale bar 0.13 mm for 4, 0.18 mm for 5." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1199750/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1199752/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">Figs 1–4</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10FF655A4C40857CFF28E9BBFD3CFD51" pageId="1" pageNumber="444" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="585A36D14C40857CFF28E9BBFD3CFD51" blockId="1.[151,1437,510,2011]" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">
<emphasis id="6A91EAC34C40857CFF28E9BBFE93FDC5" bold="true" box="[151,321,510,535]" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">
<typeStatus id="875E88734C40857CFF28E9BBFF00FDC5" box="[151,210,510,535]" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">Type</typeStatus>
material
</emphasis>
.
<typeStatus id="875E88734C40857CFEECE9BBFE6DFDC5" box="[339,447,510,535]" pageId="1" pageNumber="444" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="4EE3FD584C40857CFE73E9BAFE31FDC4" box="[460,483,511,534]" pageId="1" pageNumber="444" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
:
<collectingCountry id="20F276414C40857CFE4BE9BAFD59FDC5" box="[500,651,511,535]" name="Myanmar" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">MYANMAR</collectingCountry>
: specimen in Middle Cretaceous Burmese amber (about 100 mybp;
<bibRefCitation id="3C744B204C40857CFF28EA67FEAAFDE9" box="[151,376,546,571]" pageId="1" pageNumber="444" refId="ref2694" refString="Grimaldi, D., Engel, M. S. &amp; Nascimbene, P. C. (2002) Fossiliferous Cretaceous amber from Myanmar (Burma): its rediscovery, biotic diversity, and paleontological significance. American Museum Novitates, 3361, 1 - 72. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0082 (2002) 361 % 3 C 0001: FCAFMB % 3 E 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article">
Grimaldi
<emphasis id="6A91EAC34C40857CFEBDEA61FEE1FDE9" box="[258,307,546,571]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">et al</emphasis>
. 2002
</bibRefCitation>
[based on insect inclusions], Shi
<emphasis id="6A91EAC34C40857CFD52EA61FCCCFDE9" box="[749,798,546,571]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">et al</emphasis>
. 2012 [based on zircon analyses]). Obtained from a mine situated in Northern
<collectingCountry id="20F276414C40857CFE34EA02FE28FD8D" box="[395,506,583,607]" name="Myanmar" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="9A21F8334C40857CFDB6EA03FD88FD8D" box="[521,602,582,607]" country="Myanmar" name="Kachin" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">Kachin</collectingRegion>
State, Tanai Township, Hukawang Valley, SW of Tanai City (
<collectionCode id="3EF4AE144C40857CFA86EA02FA42FD8D" box="[1337,1424,583,607]" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">MOLC</collectionCode>
).
<typeStatus id="875E88734C40857CFF28EA2EFF2CFD51" box="[151,254,619,643]" pageId="1" pageNumber="444" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
: same locality label as
<typeStatus id="875E88734C40857CFE40EA2FFDB6FD51" box="[511,612,618,643]" pageId="1" pageNumber="444" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
,
<specimenCount id="4EE3FD584C40857CFDD0EA2EFD40FD51" box="[623,658,619,643]" pageId="1" pageNumber="444" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(PMC).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10FF655A4C40857CFF78EACBFECBFCC1" pageId="1" pageNumber="444" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="585A36D14C40857CFF78EACBFECBFCC1" blockId="1.[151,1437,510,2011]" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">
<emphasis id="6A91EAC34C40857CFF78EACBFEE8FD75" bold="true" box="[199,314,654,679]" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Fully winged female, with chelate protarsus; chela with rudimentary claw; palpal formula 6/3; antenna without tufts of long setae; forewing with costal, median and submedian cells clearly enclosed by pigmented veins; epicnemium exposed; metapostnotum with posterior corners not projected posteriorly; tibial spurs 1/1/2.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10FF655A4C40857FFF78EB5BFE5AFE92" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="445" pageId="1" pageNumber="444" type="description">
<paragraph id="585A36D14C40857FFF78EB5BFDF1FECE" blockId="1.[151,1437,510,2011]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,151,789]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="445" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">
<emphasis id="6A91EAC34C40857CFF78EB5BFD9CFCE5" bold="true" box="[199,590,798,823]" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">
Description of Female
<typeStatus id="875E88734C40857CFE5FEB5BFD9BFCE5" box="[480,585,798,823]" pageId="1" pageNumber="444" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Fully winged (
<figureCitation id="C0DE2A544C40857CFCBCEB5BFCBEFCE5" box="[771,876,798,823]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1706,1729]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,854,1676]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,844,1686]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Dryinus maderai sp. nov.: female holotype: 1, dorsal view; 2, ventral view; female paratype: 3, forewing. Scale bar 1.0 mm for 1 and 2, 0.43 mm for 3." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1199750/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">Figs 1–3</figureCitation>
); length
<quantity id="9F1D9B344C40857CFC69EB5AFBE1FCE4" box="[982,1075,799,823]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="444" unit="mm" value="3.1">3.1 mm</quantity>
. Head brown, except mandible partly testaceous; antenna brown; mesosoma brown, apparently partly testaceous; metasoma testaceous; legs brown-testaceous. Antenna with eight flagellomeres, filiform (only with flagellomere 8 slightly wider than other antennomeres), shorter than head + mesosoma + metasoma (31:51), posteriorly reaching second segment of metasoma; antennal setae not visible; ADO’s absent; antennomeres in following proportions: 9:5:12:12:12:12:10:9:8:10; antennomere 9 about eight times as long as broad; antenna short, about 4 × as long as head (length of head measured dorsally from occipital carina behind the ocelli to distal apex of mandibles): 31:8. Head with sculpture of face and vertex not distinct; clypeus with anterior margin rounded, not bilobate; mandible with four teeth, teeth becoming progressively longer from anterior to posterior one (but right mandible with third tooth broken); occipital carina complete; temple prominent; eye normally bulging, apparently bare; POL = 5; OL = 3; OOL = 3; OPL = 1; TL = 4; greatest breadth of lateral ocelli slightly shorter than OL (2:3); frontal line apparently absent. Palpal formula 6/3. Last labial segment very elongate. Pronotum (
<figureCitation id="C0DE2A544C40857CFBF7ECEFFB5AFB11" box="[1096,1160,1194,1219]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1706,1729]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,854,1676]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,844,1686]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Dryinus maderai sp. nov.: female holotype: 1, dorsal view; 2, ventral view; female paratype: 3, forewing. Scale bar 1.0 mm for 1 and 2, 0.43 mm for 3." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1199750/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
) dull, with sculpture not distinct, longer than head (14:8), crossed anteriorly by a strong, transverse impression between anterior collar and disc; anterior collar much shorter than disc (1:13); disc slightly humped, with lateral margins strongly converging anteriorly (
<figureCitation id="C0DE2A544C40857CFEA8ED53FE8EFAFD" box="[279,348,1302,1327]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1706,1729]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,854,1676]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,844,1686]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Dryinus maderai sp. nov.: female holotype: 1, dorsal view; 2, ventral view; female paratype: 3, forewing. Scale bar 1.0 mm for 1 and 2, 0.43 mm for 3." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1199750/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
); pronotum not crossed by posterior transverse impression between disc and posterior collar; posterior collar absent; pronotal tubercle reaching tegula. Epicnemium exposed. Mesoscutum dull, with sculpture not distinct, about as long as pronotum. Notauli incomplete, reaching about 0.5 length of mesoscutum. Mesoscutellum dull, with sculpture not distinct, much shorter than mesoscutum (9:14). Metanotum not distinctly visible, shorter than mesoscutellum (5:9) and metapectal-propodeal complex (5:14). Metapectal-propodeal complex not distinctly visible, because hidden by the wings. Metapostnotum with posterior corners not projected posteriorly. Shape of pronotum, mesoscutum and mesoscutellum usual for
<taxonomicName id="9FE54D524C40857CFC4FEDABFBB1F9D5" authorityName="Haliday" authorityYear="1833" box="[1008,1123,1518,1543]" class="Insecta" family="Dryinidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="444" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Dryininae">Dryininae</taxonomicName>
. Forewing hyaline, without dark transverse bands; pterostigma narrow, only partly visible; marginal cell apparently open; stigmal vein with distal part much longer than proximal part (18:7). Venation of forewing not completely visible in
<typeStatus id="875E88734C40857CFA8CEE73FA4AF99D" box="[1331,1432,1590,1615]" pageId="1" pageNumber="444" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, distinctly visible in
<typeStatus id="875E88734C40857CFEC5EE1EFE08F9A1" box="[378,474,1627,1651]" pageId="1" pageNumber="444" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="C0DE2A544C40857CFE53EE1FFDE0F9A1" box="[492,562,1626,1651]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1706,1729]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,854,1676]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,844,1686]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Dryinus maderai sp. nov.: female holotype: 1, dorsal view; 2, ventral view; female paratype: 3, forewing. Scale bar 1.0 mm for 1 and 2, 0.43 mm for 3." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1199750/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Forewing with normal three basal cells completely enclosed by pigmented veins (
<figureCitation id="C0DE2A544C40857CFF5EEE3BFEF6F945" box="[225,292,1662,1687]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1706,1729]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,854,1676]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,844,1686]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Dryinus maderai sp. nov.: female holotype: 1, dorsal view; 2, ventral view; female paratype: 3, forewing. Scale bar 1.0 mm for 1 and 2, 0.43 mm for 3." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1199750/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Hind wing not visible, hidden by forewing. Foreleg segments in following proportions: 14 (coxa): 15 (trochanter): 27 (femur): 27 (tibia): 12 (first tarsomere): 2 (second tarsomere): 4 (third tarsomere): 12 (fourth tarsomere): 16 (fifth tarsomere). Protarsus very slender, with tarsomere 4 about 40 × as long as broad. Enlarged claw about as long as protarsal segment 5. Protrochanter with long slender proximal stalk, broadened distally. Protarsomere 3 produced into hook. Rudimentary claw present. Arolium much shorter than enlarged claw. Enlarged claw (
<figureCitation id="C0DE2A544C40857CFEEEEF77FE72F899" box="[337,416,1842,1867]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1706,1729]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,854,1676]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,844,1686]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Dryinus maderai sp. nov.: female holotype: 1, dorsal view; 2, ventral view; female paratype: 3, forewing. Scale bar 1.0 mm for 1 and 2, 0.43 mm for 3." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1199750/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">Figs 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="C0DE2A544C40857CFE0DEF76FE13F899" box="[434,449,1843,1867]" captionStart="FIGURES 4–5. 4" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1931,1954]" captionTargetBox="[206,1369,1031,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,985,1911]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 4–5. 4. Dryinus maderai sp. nov., female holotype: chela. 5. Dryinus asiaticus (Olmi), female holotype: chela. Scale bar 0.13 mm for 4, 0.18 mm for 5." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1199752/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">4</figureCitation>
) very slender, with distal apex narrow, without subapical tooth, with inner margin provided with one row of about seven lamellae. Segment 5 of protarsus (
<figureCitation id="C0DE2A544C40857CFC79EF13FBDDF8BD" box="[966,1039,1878,1903]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1706,1729]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,854,1676]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,844,1686]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Dryinus maderai sp. nov.: female holotype: 1, dorsal view; 2, ventral view; female paratype: 3, forewing. Scale bar 1.0 mm for 1 and 2, 0.43 mm for 3." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1199750/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">Figs 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="C0DE2A544C40857CFBA4EF12FBF8F8BD" box="[1051,1066,1879,1903]" captionStart="FIGURES 4–5. 4" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1931,1954]" captionTargetBox="[206,1369,1031,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,985,1911]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 4–5. 4. Dryinus maderai sp. nov., female holotype: chela. 5. Dryinus asiaticus (Olmi), female holotype: chela. Scale bar 0.13 mm for 4, 0.18 mm for 5." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1199752/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">4</figureCitation>
) with rows of long proximal and medial lamellae. Distal apex of protarsal segment 5 with group of lamellae. Mesoleg segments in following proportions: 11 (coxa): 5 (trochanter): 21 (femur): 22 (tibia): 12 (first tarsomere): 5 (second tarsomere): 4 (third tarsomere): 4 (fourth tarsomere): 5 (fifth tarsomere). Metaleg segments in following proportions: 22 (coxa): 6 (trochanter): 25 (femur): 33 (tibia): 15 (first tarsomere): 7 (second tarsomere): 6 (third tarsomere): 4 (fourth tarsomere): 5 (fifth tarsomere). Petiole much shorter than metasoma (5:98). Shape, length and breadth of wings usual for
<taxonomicName id="9FE54D524C43857FFEBBE89AFEAAFF2A" authorityName="Haliday" authorityYear="1833" box="[260,376,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Dryinidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Dryininae">Dryininae</taxonomicName>
. Shape and morphology of the body usual for
<taxonomicName id="9FE54D524C43857FFC35E89AFC2CFF2A" authorityName="Haliday" authorityYear="1833" box="[906,1022,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Dryinidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Dryininae">Dryininae</taxonomicName>
. Tibial spurs 1/1/2. Female
<typeStatus id="875E88734C43857FFA83E8A5FA4EFF2A" box="[1340,1436,224,248]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
similar to
<typeStatus id="875E88734C43857FFEB7E941FEBCFECF" box="[264,366,260,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
; length
<quantity id="9F1D9B344C43857FFE79E941FDCDFECE" box="[454,543,260,285]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" unit="mm" value="2.6">2.6 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="585A36D14C43857FFF78E962FE5AFE92" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,789]" box="[199,392,295,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">
<emphasis id="6A91EAC34C43857FFF78E962FED9FE92" bold="true" box="[199,267,295,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Male.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10FF655A4C43857FFF78E909FD27FE5A" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="585A36D14C43857FFF78E909FD27FE5A" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">
<emphasis id="6A91EAC34C43857FFF78E909FEC3FEB7" bold="true" box="[199,273,332,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Hosts.</emphasis>
Unknown, but probably members of the hemipteran group Auchenorrhyncha as all known hosts of extant species of
<taxonomicName id="9FE54D524C43857FFEE7E92AFD23FE5A" authority="(Guglielmino et al. 2013)" authorityName="Guglielmino et al." authorityYear="2013" box="[344,753,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Dryinidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Dryinidae (
<bibRefCitation id="3C744B204C43857FFE68E92AFD3BFE5A" box="[471,745,367,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" refId="ref2776" refString="Guglielmino, A., Olmi, M. &amp; Buckle, C. (2013) An updated host-parasite catalogue of world Dryinidae (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea). Zootaxa, 3740 (1), 1 - 113. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3740.1.1" type="journal article">
Guglielmino
<emphasis id="6A91EAC34C43857FFDD2E934FD4CFE5A" box="[621,670,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">et al</emphasis>
. 2013
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10FF655A4C43857FFF78E9D1FB6EFE7F" box="[199,1212,404,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="585A36D14C43857FFF78E9D1FB6EFE7F" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,789]" box="[199,1212,404,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">
<emphasis id="6A91EAC34C43857FFF78E9D1FE94FE7F" bold="true" box="[199,326,404,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Etymology</emphasis>
. The new species is named after Dr. Ferdinand Madera (Oberdanegg,
<collectingCountry id="20F276414C43857FFBE6E9D1FB62FE7F" box="[1113,1200,404,429]" name="Austria" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Austria</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10FF655A4C43857FFF78E9F2FEB5FCC7" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="585A36D14C43857FFF78E9F2FDEBFDB2" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">
<emphasis id="6A91EAC34C43857FFF78E9F2FEE6FE02" bold="true" box="[199,308,439,464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Remarks</emphasis>
. Xu
<emphasis id="6A91EAC34C43857FFED2E9FCFE4DFE02" box="[365,415,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">et al</emphasis>
. (2013) listed 46 extant species of
<taxonomicName id="9FE54D524C43857FFC8DE9FCFC5EFE02" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1804" box="[818,908,441,464]" class="Insecta" family="Dryinidae" genus="Dryinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6A91EAC34C43857FFC8DE9FCFC5EFE02" box="[818,908,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Dryinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for the Oriental region, and divided them into three groups.
<taxonomicName id="9FE54D524C43857FFE8DE998FE63FE27" authorityName="Guglielmino &amp; Olmi &amp; Marletta &amp; Speranza" authorityYear="2018" box="[306,433,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Dryinidae" genus="Dryinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maderai">
<emphasis id="6A91EAC34C43857FFE8DE998FE63FE27" box="[306,433,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">D. maderai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs to group 3, because its enlarged claw has no subapical teeth and is much longer than the arolium. Additionally they also listed six extant species of group 3 for the Oriental region. Among these six species, only
<taxonomicName id="9FE54D524C43857FFEE3EA60FD12FDEE" authority="(Olmi, 1984)" authorityName="Olmi" authorityYear="1984" baseAuthorityName="Olmi" baseAuthorityYear="1984" box="[348,704,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Dryinidae" genus="Dryinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asiaticus">
<emphasis id="6A91EAC34C43857FFEE3EA60FDF6FDEE" box="[348,548,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Dryinus asiaticus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3C744B204C43857FFD8BEA61FD6AFDEE" box="[564,696,548,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" refId="ref2943" refString="Olmi, M. (1984) A revision of the Dryinidae (Hymenoptera). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 37, I - XII + 1 - 1913." type="journal article">Olmi, 1984</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9FE54D524C43857FFD44EA60FBE2FDEE" authority="Olmi, 1984" authorityName="Olmi" authorityYear="1984" box="[763,1072,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Dryinidae" genus="Dryinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbosoides">
<emphasis id="6A91EAC34C43857FFD44EA60FC77FDEF" box="[763,933,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">D. gibbosoides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C744B204C43857FFC11EA61FBE2FDEE" box="[942,1072,548,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" refId="ref2943" refString="Olmi, M. (1984) A revision of the Dryinidae (Hymenoptera). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 37, I - XII + 1 - 1913." type="journal article">Olmi, 1984</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
have incomplete notauli; in the other four species, notauli are absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="585A36D14C43857FFF78EA29FEB5FCC7" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">
The new species is similar to
<taxonomicName id="9FE54D524C43857FFDAFEA28FD47FD56" baseAuthorityName="Olmi" baseAuthorityYear="1984" box="[528,661,621,644]" class="Insecta" family="Dryinidae" genus="Dryinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asiaticus">
<emphasis id="6A91EAC34C43857FFDAFEA28FD47FD56" box="[528,661,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">D. asiaticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, because both have the occipital carina complete. However, the chela of
<taxonomicName id="9FE54D524C43857FFF09EAD4FEE7FD7A" authorityName="Guglielmino &amp; Olmi &amp; Marletta &amp; Speranza" authorityYear="2018" box="[182,309,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Dryinidae" genus="Dryinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maderai">
<emphasis id="6A91EAC34C43857FFF09EAD4FEE7FD7A" box="[182,309,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">D. maderai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the enlarged claw with one row of seven lamellae (
<figureCitation id="C0DE2A544C43857FFC16EACAFC3CFD7A" box="[937,1006,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURES 4–5. 4" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1931,1954]" captionTargetBox="[206,1369,1031,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,985,1911]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 4–5. 4. Dryinus maderai sp. nov., female holotype: chela. 5. Dryinus asiaticus (Olmi), female holotype: chela. Scale bar 0.13 mm for 4, 0.18 mm for 5." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1199752/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
), whereas in
<taxonomicName id="9FE54D524C43857FFB3BEAD4FAD9FD7A" baseAuthorityName="Olmi" baseAuthorityYear="1984" box="[1156,1291,657,680]" class="Insecta" family="Dryinidae" genus="Dryinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asiaticus">
<emphasis id="6A91EAC34C43857FFB3BEAD4FAD9FD7A" box="[1156,1291,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">D. asiaticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the enlarged claw has one proximal peg like seta and no lamellae (
<figureCitation id="C0DE2A544C43857FFD54EAF1FCFDFD1F" box="[747,815,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 4–5. 4" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1931,1954]" captionTargetBox="[206,1369,1031,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,985,1911]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 4–5. 4. Dryinus maderai sp. nov., female holotype: chela. 5. Dryinus asiaticus (Olmi), female holotype: chela. Scale bar 0.13 mm for 4, 0.18 mm for 5." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1199752/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). In addition, the general aspect of the chela is different in the two above species (
<figureCitation id="C0DE2A544C43857FFE07EA92FDCFFD22" box="[440,541,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURES 4–5. 4" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1931,1954]" captionTargetBox="[206,1369,1031,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,985,1911]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 4–5. 4. Dryinus maderai sp. nov., female holotype: chela. 5. Dryinus asiaticus (Olmi), female holotype: chela. Scale bar 0.13 mm for 4, 0.18 mm for 5." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1199752/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Figs 4, 5</figureCitation>
). This new species is not comparable to
<emphasis id="6A91EAC34C43857FFC5BEA9CFB41FD22" box="[996,1171,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">
<taxonomicName id="9FE54D524C43857FFC5BEA9CFB5DFD22" authorityName="Olmi" authorityYear="1984" box="[996,1167,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Dryinidae" genus="Dryinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbosoides">D. gibbosoides</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
which has the occipital carina incomplete.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.758.23019" ID-GBIF-Dataset="74b8e627-4d73-41ac-a4b3-50e1cc32f1e8" ID-PMC="PMC5964088" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-758-75" ID-PubMed="29844713" ID-ZBK="40D66A70E1414ECCB728E93CACC02D68" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-758-75" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 758" ModsDocTitle="Revision of the Hawaiian psyllid genus Swezeyana, with descriptions of seven new species (Hemiptera, Psylloidea, Triozidae)" checkinTime="1526467712993" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Percy, Diana M." docDate="2018" docId="D04C9A0EEA7AB96B43FE98D8E249EB19" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 758: 75-113" docOrigin="ZooKeys 758" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.758.23019" docTitle="Swezeyana atra Percy, 2018, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="3BA915C9-4A1D-4910-A5A7-F7F130BF1314" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="75" masterDocId="F74DFF928D2F0A6D895C743BFFE1CE3A" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Hawaiian psyllid genus Swezeyana, with descriptions of seven new species (Hemiptera, Psylloidea, Triozidae)" masterLastPageNumber="113" masterPageNumber="75" pageNumber="75" updateTime="1668165796630" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Revision of the Hawaiian psyllid genus Swezeyana, with descriptions of seven new species (Hemiptera, Psylloidea, Triozidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Percy, Diana M.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="144072474" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3BA915C9-4A1D-4910-A5A7-F7F130BF1314" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D04C9A0EEA7AB96B43FE98D8E249EB19" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/3BA915C9-4A1D-4910-A5A7-F7F130BF1314" class="Insecta" family="Triozidae" genus="Swezeyana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Swezeyana atra" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atra">Swezeyana atra</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="75">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figures 1C, 4
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Medium sized, dark coloured species, with fore wing membrane unpatterned, antennae medium short, genal processes long, paramere short, and female proctiger strongly convex apically.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
Adult. General body colour brown to black, particularly dark on the dorsum of head and thorax. Fore wing membrane generally uniformly clear or slightly fuscous, with fuscous-brown cloud usually present around vein R and basal dorsal claval margin (Fig. 1C). Fore wing apex acute; pseudopterostigma relatively long (Fig. 4S), typically no cross pseudovein in cell r1 (one individual seen with partial cross vein); surface spinules relatively sparsely distributed but denser towards wing margin, few or absent from c+sc; medium long setae on ventral margin and medium short to short setae on veins and dorsal margin. Antennae medium short (ratio AL:HW 1.30) (Fig. 4
<normalizedToken originalValue="B–C">B-C</normalizedToken>
); genal processes medium long (GP &lt;0.40 mm, ratio HW:GP&gt; 1.40) and slightly upturned at apices (Fig. 4B); medium short to short setae on vertex and thorax. Meracanthus extremely small (Fig. 4Q), genual spine reduced or absent (Fig. 4R). Male terminalia (Fig. 4
<normalizedToken originalValue="F–I">F-I</normalizedToken>
): paramere short (ratio PL:HW &lt;0.20), tapering to slightly anteriorly projecting apex with two short stout setae; distal aedeagus segment long relative to paramere (ratio PL:AEL 0.92-1.10), apex developed into a large rounded hook with blunt apex. Female terminalia (Fig. 4
<normalizedToken originalValue="J–P">J-P</normalizedToken>
): proctiger dorsal surface strongly convex apically, apex broad, blunt, bearing medial cleft and fringed with stout setae, anal ring medium long (ratio FP:RL&gt; 2.00), without or with reduced head compartment at proximal end, distal portion of ring margin smooth; subgenital plate slightly convex with short medial cleft (Fig. 4
<normalizedToken originalValue="N–O">N-O</normalizedToken>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Egg. Unknown.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Immature. Unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="host">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Host plant.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Planchonella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Planchonella sandwicensis" order="Ericales" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sandwicensis">Planchonella sandwicensis</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Oahu. Only known from the Waianae Mountains.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Named for the dark body colouration, especially the head and thorax (adjective in the nominative singular).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
This is the darkest of the
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Triozidae" genus="Swezeyana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Swezeyana" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Swezeyana</taxonomicName>
species. It has the shortest paramere in the
<taxonomicName genus="Psylloidea" lsidName="Psylloidea elongagena" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="elongagena">elongagena</taxonomicName>
group, with the shape more similar to those in the
<taxonomicName genus="Psylloidea" lsidName="Psylloidea reticulata" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="reticulata">reticulata</taxonomicName>
group. The distribution in the Waianae Mountains is shared with
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. oahuensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="oahuensis">S. oahuensis</taxonomicName>
, and the molecular topology places these two species as sister taxa but with weak bootstrap support (Fig. 2).
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
Figure 2. Neighbour-joining (NJ) analysis (combined COI and cytB data) with 1000 bootstrap replicates in PAUP*. Eight of the nine
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Triozidae" genus="Swezeyana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Swezeyana" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Swezeyana</taxonomicName>
species are included and 16 other taxa from
<taxonomicName family="Triozidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="family">Triozidae</taxonomicName>
, mostly representing other Hawaiian genera for comparison of divergence; and one species from
<taxonomicName family="Carsidaridae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="family">Carsidaridae</taxonomicName>
as an outgroup (
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carsidaridae" genus="Mesohomotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mesohomotoma hibisci" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hibisci">Mesohomotoma hibisci</taxonomicName>
) (Table 1). Outlines of parameres and female terminalia illustrate the two recognized species groups (
<taxonomicName genus="Psylloidea" lsidName="Psylloidea elongagena" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="elongagena">elongagena</taxonomicName>
group in black,
<taxonomicName genus="Psylloidea" lsidName="Psylloidea reticulata" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="reticulata">reticulata</taxonomicName>
group in grey,
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. magnaccai" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="magnaccai">S. magnaccai</taxonomicName>
unplaced), and fore wing images (Fig. 1) show the distribution of patterned/pigmented wings. Regional localities of sample are given, and
<normalizedToken originalValue="“imm.”">&quot;imm.&quot;</normalizedToken>
indicates an immature sampled for
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. reticulata" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="reticulata">S. reticulata</taxonomicName>
. NJ bootstrap support values ≥ 60% are indicated for all nodes, and comparative node support from ML and Bayesian analyses are shown for the three same island sister taxa pairs (NJ/ML[bold]/Bayesian[italic]) (see Discussion). Maximum genetic divergence (uncorrected p-distances) is shown for
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Triozidae" genus="Swezeyana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Swezeyana" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Swezeyana</taxonomicName>
and four other endemic Hawaiian genera; also shown are maximum intraspecific distances (indicated with an asterix) for two widespread non-Hawaiian species with multiple individuals sampled across terrestrial (
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. urticae" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="urticae">T. urticae</taxonomicName>
) or oceanic (
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. hibisci" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="hibisci">M. hibisci</taxonomicName>
) landscapes (see Discussion).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
Figure 3.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Triozidae" genus="Swezeyana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Swezeyana elongagena" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elongagena">Swezeyana elongagena</taxonomicName>
. A head B head (lateral view) C male D head and antenna, inset detail of terminal antennal segments (terminal setae outlined) E female terminalia F detail of apex of female terminalia indicating beak and position of medial clefts in proctiger and subgenital plate (outlined) G male terminalia H paramere and distal aedeagus segment I paramere, inset detail of apex J eggs (distinctly hexagonal sculpturing and pedicel outlined and indicated) K hind leg L base of hind tibia with reduced genual spine indicated M mesotarsi and metatarsi (outlined), concave and ridged underside of basal metatarsus (outlined) N small but distinct meracanthus (indicated) O fore wing with interior edge of ventral margin outlined, inset illustrating broad shape of marginal radular spine cluster P extent of fore wing pseudopterostigma (shaded).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
Figure 4.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Triozidae" genus="Swezeyana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Swezeyana atra" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atra">Swezeyana atra</taxonomicName>
sp. n. A head B head and antenna (lateral view) C antenna D proboscis E dorsum of thorax F male terminalia, inset distal aedeagus segment G paramere and distal aedeagus segment H parameres (dorsal view), inset illustrating paramere apex I paramere (posterior view) J female abdomen K female terminalia L female proctiger (dorsal view) M detail of anal ring N female subgenital plate (ventral view) O detail of posterior apex of female subgenital plate with membrane (outlined) P female terminalia endoskeleton (dorsal view, outlined) Q hind leg, inset reduced meracanthus (indicated) and metatarsi (outlined) R base of hind tibia with highly reduced genual spine (indicated) S extent of fore wing pseudopterostigma (shaded) T fore wing (above) with interior edge of ventral margin outlined, hind wing (below).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
Holotype male (slide mounted), Waianae Mnts, Oahu, USA, N21.4585, W-158.0973, ex
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Planchonella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Planchonella sandwicensis" order="Ericales" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sandwicensis">Planchonella sandwicensis</taxonomicName>
, 5 July 2014,
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Hi65-14”">&quot;Hi65-14&quot;</normalizedToken>
D. Percy leg. (BMNH). Paratype (slide mounted) 1f, as for holotype (BMNH). Other material: 1m 1f, Puu Hapapa, Central Waianae Mnts, Oahu, USA, N21.4666, W-158.1029, ex
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Planchonella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Planchonella sandwicensis" order="Ericales" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sandwicensis">Planchonella sandwicensis</taxonomicName>
, 17 May 2014,
<normalizedToken originalValue="“KM14-14”">&quot;KM14-14&quot;</normalizedToken>
K. Magnacca leg. (BMNH).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="gene sequences">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Gene sequences.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">MH001521 (COI) MH001527 (cytB) (Hi65-14); MH001522 (COI) MH001528 (cytB) (KM14-14).</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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Balcha opaca
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<emphasis id="6A91C831FFE7FFB6FF63E0021F294263" box="[160,309,835,860]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2606">Balcha opaca</emphasis>
Fusu
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in
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Fusu
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.2013
<emphasis id="6A91C831FFE7FFB6FD21E7181CF3454E" box="[738,751,1113,1137]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2606">–</emphasis>
<date id="2C5B32E3FFE7FFB6FD2CE7181D47454E" box="[751,859,1113,1137]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2606" value="2013-05-12">12.v.2013</date>
, J.W.
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<location id="5D3A42F8FFE7FFB6FC5FE7181DDA454E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D04CA535FFE7FFB7FF63E04E1C7D439E:5D3A42F8FFE7FFB6FC5FE7181DDA454E" box="[924,966,1113,1137]" country="South Korea" name="Lee" pageId="2" pageNumber="2606">Lee</location>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="585A1423FFE7FFB6FF03E73D1CA24588" blockId="2.[160,1156,1043,1207]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2606">
<materialsCitation id="E88D1E7EFFE7FFB6FF03E73D1CA74588" country="South Korea" county="Gyeongsan" location="Laboratory of Animal Systematics" municipality="Yeungnam University" pageId="2" pageNumber="2606" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
The
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and
<typeStatus id="875EAA81FFE7FFB6FE54E73D1FE745AB" box="[407,507,1148,1172]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2606" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
are deposited at the
<location id="5D3A42F8FFE7FFB6FD3EE73D1A9D45AB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D04CA535FFE7FFB7FF63E04E1C7D439E:5D3A42F8FFE7FFB6FD3EE73D1A9D45AB" box="[765,1153,1148,1172]" country="South Korea" county="Gyeongsan" municipality="Yeungnam University" name="Laboratory of Animal Systematics" pageId="2" pageNumber="2606">Laboratory of Animal Systematics</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="B83E8E59FFE7FFB6FF63E7DE1F894588" box="[160,405,1183,1207]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2606">Yeungnam University</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="B13B6CAFFFE7FFB6FE62E7DE1C3D4588" box="[417,545,1183,1207]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2606">Gyeongsan</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingCountry id="20F254B3FFE7FFB6FDEEE7DE1CA74588" box="[557,699,1183,1207]" name="South Korea" pageId="2" pageNumber="2606">South Korea</collectingCountry>
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10FF47A8FFE7FFB6FF63E7A51F31447D" pageId="2" pageNumber="2606" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="585A1423FFE7FFB6FF63E7A51F0145C2" blockId="2.[160,1155,1252,1346]" box="[160,285,1252,1277]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2606">
<emphasis id="6A91C831FFE7FFB6FF63E7A51F0145C2" bold="true" box="[160,285,1252,1277]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2606">Etymology</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="585A1423FFE7FFB6FF63E6461F31447D" blockId="2.[160,1155,1252,1346]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2606">
The species name is from the Latin
<emphasis id="6A91C831FFE7FFB6FDF3E6471C614420" box="[560,637,1286,1311]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2606">opacus</emphasis>
(dark), in reference to the dark shaded colour of the body.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10FF47A8FFE7FFB7FF63E62F1FDC400E" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="2607" pageId="2" pageNumber="2606" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="585A1423FFE7FFB6FF63E62F1F8244B8" blockId="2.[160,1156,1390,1727]" box="[160,414,1390,1415]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2606">
<emphasis id="6A91C831FFE7FFB6FF63E62F1F8244B8" bold="true" box="[160,414,1390,1415]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2606">Differential diagnosis</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="585A1423FFE7FFB7FF63E6D01FDC400E" blockId="2.[160,1156,1390,1727]" lastBlockId="3.[160,1156,141,305]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="2607" pageId="2" pageNumber="2606">
<taxonomicName id="9FE56FA0FFE7FFB6FF63E6D01F244495" authorityName="Fusu" authorityYear="2018" box="[160,312,1425,1450]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Balcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="2606" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opaca">
<emphasis id="6A91C831FFE7FFB6FF63E6D01F244495" box="[160,312,1425,1450]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2606">Balcha opaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is included in the
<taxonomicName id="9FE56FA0FFE7FFB6FDDCE6D01C634495" authorityName="Gibson" authorityYear="2005" box="[543,639,1425,1450]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Balcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="2606" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laciniosa">
<emphasis id="6A91C831FFE7FFB6FDDCE6D01C634495" box="[543,639,1425,1450]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2606">laciniosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group as defined by
<bibRefCitation id="3C7469D2FFE7FFB6FC20E6D31A984495" author="Gibson GAP" box="[995,1156,1426,1450]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2606" pagination="1 - 62" refId="ref1510" refString="Gibson GAP, 2005. The world species of Balcha Walker (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae), parasitoids of wood-boring beetles. Zootaxa 1033: 1 - 62." type="journal article" year="2005">Gibson (2005)</bibRefCitation>
because it has a thick, asetose dorsellum with a short dorsal crenulate band at an abrupt angle to a more vertical posterior coriaceous surface, and the paraspiracular region bare except for about seven setae in the female and three setae in the male anterior to the level of the spiracle. This group consisted of
<taxonomicName id="9FE56FA0FFE7FFB6FC9FE55D1A37470A" authority="Gibson" authorityName="Gibson" box="[860,1067,1564,1589]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Balcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="2606" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lacinosa">
<emphasis id="6A91C831FFE7FFB6FC9FE55D1DCE470A" box="[860,978,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2606">B. lacinosa</emphasis>
Gibson
</taxonomicName>
as well as
<taxonomicName id="9FE56FA0FFE7FFB6FF02E57F1FD34768" authority="Gibson" authorityName="Gibson" authorityYear="2005" box="[193,463,1598,1623]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Balcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="2606" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="camptogastra">
<emphasis id="6A91C831FFE7FFB6FF02E57F1F694768" box="[193,373,1598,1623]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2606">B. camptogastra</emphasis>
Gibson
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9FE56FA0FFE7FFB6FE18E57F1CBB4768" authority="Gibson" authorityName="Gibson" authorityYear="2005" box="[475,679,1598,1623]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Balcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="2606" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="enoptra">
<emphasis id="6A91C831FFE7FFB6FE18E57F1C514768" box="[475,589,1598,1623]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2606">B. enoptra</emphasis>
Gibson
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9FE56FA0FFE7FFB6FD70E57F1D654768" authority="Nikol" authorityName="Nikol" box="[691,889,1598,1623]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Balcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="2606" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reticulata">
<emphasis id="6A91C831FFE7FFB6FD70E57F1D2B4768" box="[691,823,1598,1623]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2606">B. reticulata</emphasis>
Nikol
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="6A91C831FFE7FFB6FCBAE57E1D634768" box="[889,895,1599,1623]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2606">’</emphasis>
skaya, and
<taxonomicName id="9FE56FA0FFE7FFB6FC3DE57F1EE04745" authority="(Girault)" baseAuthorityName="Girault" baseAuthorityYear="1927" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Balcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="2606" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendida">
<emphasis id="6A91C831FFE7FFB6FC3DE57F1A9F4768" box="[1022,1155,1598,1623]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2606">B. splendida</emphasis>
(Girault)
</taxonomicName>
. The female of
<taxonomicName id="9FE56FA0FFE7FFB6FE6EE5201C104745" authorityName="Fusu" authorityYear="2018" box="[429,524,1633,1658]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Balcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="2606" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opaca">
<emphasis id="6A91C831FFE7FFB6FE6EE5201C104745" box="[429,524,1633,1658]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2606">B. opaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from those of
<taxonomicName id="9FE56FA0FFE7FFB6FCC5E5201D6B4745" authorityName="Gibson" authorityYear="2005" box="[774,887,1633,1658]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Balcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="2606" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="enoptra">
<emphasis id="6A91C831FFE7FFB6FCC5E5201D6B4745" box="[774,887,1633,1658]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2606">B. enoptra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9FE56FA0FFE7FFB6FC71E5201A7A4745" authorityName="Gibson" authorityYear="2005" box="[946,1126,1633,1658]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Balcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="2606" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="camptogastra">
<emphasis id="6A91C831FFE7FFB6FC71E5201A7A4745" box="[946,1126,1633,1658]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2606">B. camptogastra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having an unmodified syntergum, from
<taxonomicName id="9FE56FA0FFE7FFB6FDBAE5C51D1D47A2" baseAuthorityName="Girault" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[633,769,1668,1693]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Balcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="2606" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendida">
<emphasis id="6A91C831FFE7FFB6FDBAE5C51D1D47A2" box="[633,769,1668,1693]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2606">B. splendida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its mesoscutal colour pattern [without a psi-shaped (Ψ) dark region], and in the presence of lanceolate setae on mesoscutum, and from
<taxonomicName id="9FE56FA0FFE6FFB7FE70E3CC1C2C4199" authorityName="Gibson" authorityYear="2005" box="[435,560,141,166]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Balcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2607" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laciniosa">
<emphasis id="6A91C831FFE6FFB7FE70E3CC1C2C4199" box="[435,560,141,166]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2607">B. laciniosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having only inconspicuous hairlike setae posterodorsally on the mesoscutum (in
<taxonomicName id="9FE56FA0FFE6FFB7FDE0E3F11CBC41F6" authorityName="Gibson" authorityYear="2005" box="[547,672,176,201]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Balcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2607" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laciniosa">
<emphasis id="6A91C831FFE6FFB7FDE0E3F11CBC41F6" box="[547,672,176,201]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2607">B. laciniosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
such setae are interspersed with obvious, lanceolate setae) and also in sculpture of the scutellum, which in
<taxonomicName id="9FE56FA0FFE6FFB7FC1CE3921A7F41D3" authorityName="Gibson" authorityYear="2005" box="[991,1123,211,236]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Balcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2607" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laciniosa">
<emphasis id="6A91C831FFE6FFB7FC1CE3921A7F41D3" box="[991,1123,211,236]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2607">B. laciniosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is reticulate posteriorly but anteriorly has longitudinal furrows separated by ridgelike interstices (
<bibRefCitation id="3C7469D2FFE6FFB7FEE1E2581FA8400E" author="Gibson GAP" box="[290,436,281,305]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2607" pagination="1 - 62" refId="ref1510" refString="Gibson GAP, 2005. The world species of Balcha Walker (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae), parasitoids of wood-boring beetles. Zootaxa 1033: 1 - 62." type="journal article" year="2005">Gibson 2005</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10FF47A8FFE6FFB7FF63E2321C7D439E" pageId="3" pageNumber="2607" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="585A1423FFE6FFB7FF63E2321F1A40B3" blockId="3.[160,1155,371,673]" box="[160,262,371,396]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2607">
<emphasis id="6A91C831FFE6FFB7FF63E2321F1A40B3" bold="true" box="[160,262,371,396]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2607">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="585A1423FFE6FFB7FF63E2D71C7D439E" blockId="3.[160,1155,371,673]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2607">
The above diagnosis and etymology are re-published from
<bibRefCitation id="3C7469D2FFE6FFB7FCB2E2D71A584091" author="Fusu L &amp; Park D-Y &amp; Lee J-W" box="[881,1092,405,430]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2607" pagination="329 - 334" refId="ref1464" refString="Fusu L, Park D-Y, &amp; Lee J-W. 2018. First record of Balcha Walker (Hymenoptera, Eupelmidae) in South Korea with the description of one new species. J Asia-Pac Ent. 21 (1): 329 - 334." type="journal article" year="2018">
Fusu
<emphasis id="6A91C831FFE6FFB7FC77E2D41DF64091" box="[948,1002,405,430]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2607">et al</emphasis>
. (2018)
</bibRefCitation>
with permission in order to conform with Art. 13.1.1 of the code (ICZN 1999) that states that in order to be available a new name must be accompanied by a
<emphasis id="6A91C831FFE6FFB7FC02E29A1DFA40CC" box="[961,998,475,499]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2607">“…</emphasis>
description or definition that states in words characters that are purported to differentiate the taxon
<emphasis id="6A91C831FFE6FFB7FF1CE1601F1F4306" box="[223,259,545,569]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2607">…”</emphasis>
. A mere reference to the description of the species in
<bibRefCitation id="3C7469D2FFE6FFB7FC53E1601A574306" author="Fusu L &amp; Park D-Y &amp; Lee J-W" box="[912,1099,544,569]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2607" pagination="329 - 334" refId="ref1464" refString="Fusu L, Park D-Y, &amp; Lee J-W. 2018. First record of Balcha Walker (Hymenoptera, Eupelmidae) in South Korea with the description of one new species. J Asia-Pac Ent. 21 (1): 329 - 334." type="journal article" year="2018">
Fusu
<emphasis id="6A91C831FFE6FFB7FC13E1611A184306" box="[976,1028,544,569]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2607">et al</emphasis>
. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
that would validate the new name under Art. 13.1.2 would not be enough because for the purposes of nomenclature,
<bibRefCitation id="3C7469D2FFE6FFB7FE19E1271C814341" author="Fusu L &amp; Park D-Y &amp; Lee J-W" box="[474,669,613,638]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2607" pagination="329 - 334" refId="ref1464" refString="Fusu L, Park D-Y, &amp; Lee J-W. 2018. First record of Balcha Walker (Hymenoptera, Eupelmidae) in South Korea with the description of one new species. J Asia-Pac Ent. 21 (1): 329 - 334." type="journal article" year="2018">
Fusu
<emphasis id="6A91C831FFE6FFB7FDD4E1241C554341" box="[535,585,613,638]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2607">et al</emphasis>
. (2018)
</bibRefCitation>
does not exist, and therefore no part of it can be used to make a name available.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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65
data/D0/4C/B3/D04CB370F4AD3007261B196912AB6858.xml Normal file
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<taxonomicName id="C6291193FBC98E0038B7BA979CF0AD3A" ID-CoL="3CQQT" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serrata" status="spec. nov.">Euphorbia serrata</taxonomicName>
,
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41. Euphorbia umbella quinquefida: trifida: dichotoma, involucellis diphyllis reniformibus, foliis amplexicaulibus cordatis serratis.
<emphasis id="DBF5E5419DFB7B5A89BE03091C467141" italics="true">Diss. euph. 43.</emphasis>
*
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AE30E047F2FD88AD2B97751DA9D70C02" pageNumber="459">
Euphorbia inermis, foliis denticulatis: caulinis lanceolatis, umbellarum cordatis.
<emphasis id="B287DB2BFDFC384CD091B60349C13763" italics="true">Hort. cliff. 200.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="056FBA4EE18713B45F470E1322F500FB" italics="true">Roy. lugdb. 197.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B7A802BF965E8C1400E81996EBCC6A7B" pageNumber="459">
Tithymalus characias, folio serrato.
<emphasis id="CC12A6557E724423158F5720D650EE72" italics="true">Bauh. pin. 290.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A7E29E00D0C6D950D2B873E56A468E24" pageNumber="459">
Tithymalus myrtites valentinus.
<emphasis id="8746491FD4FAEFB3FBFBA07E9EE8B8A1" italics="true">Clus. hist. 2. p. 189.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="06A9CA042DA3876F48654DDC1283924D" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="D725C0EA80AD0D6A31102F55126C0372" pageNumber="459">
<emphasis id="42E6D818A56D2C8917E6441E41FD7B9F" italics="true">Habitat in</emphasis>
Narbona
<emphasis id="3C708CE2202A1FD5EFAFF78C139086DD" italics="true">,</emphasis>
Hispania
<emphasis id="522482C61B2C2936D0BE1CFAF29A290E" italics="true">. ☉</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>