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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e6313" ID-PMC="PMC4568406" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828-3-e6313" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFE5FF837519E9253D17614AFFA8FFC1" ID-PubMed="26379469" ID-Zenodo-Dep="574474" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1314-2828-3-e6313" ModsDocOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal " ModsDocTitle="Biodiversity inventories in high gear: DNA barcoding facilitates a rapid biotic survey of a temperate nature reserve" checkinTime="1553126447904" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Telfer, Angela C, Young, Monica R, Quinn, Jenna, Perez, Kate, Sobel, Crystal N, Sones, Jayme E, Levesque-Beaudin, Valerie, Derbyshire, Rachael, Fernandez-Triana, Jose, Rougerie, Rodolphe, Thevanayagam, Abinah, Boskovic, Adrian, Borisenko, Alex V, Cadel, Alex, Brown, Allison, Pages, Anais, Castillo, Anibal H, Nicolai, Annegret, Glenn Mockford, Barb Mockford, Bukowski, Belen, Wilson, Bill, Trojahn, Brock, Lacroix, Carole Ann, Brimblecombe, Chris, Hay, Christoper, Ho, Christmas, Steinke, Claudia, Warne, Connor P, Garrido Cortes, Cristina, Engelking, Daniel, Wright, Danielle, Lijtmaer, Dario A, Gascoigne, David, Hernandez Martich, David, Morningstar, Derek, Neumann, Dirk, Steinke, Dirk, Marco DeBruin, Donna DeBruin, Dobias, Dylan, Sears, Elizabeth, Richard, Ellen, Damstra, Emily, Zakharov, Evgeny V, Laberge, Frederic, Collins, Gemma E, Blagoev, Gergin A, Grainge, Gerrie, Ansell, Graham, Meredith, Greg, Hogg, Ian, McKeown, Jaclyn, Topan, Janet, Bracey, Jason, Guenther, Jerry, Sills-Gilligan, Jesse, Addesi, Joseph, Persi, Joshua, Layton, Kara K S, D'Souza, Kareina, Dorji, Kencho, Grundy, Kevin, Nghidinwa, Kirsti, Ronnenberg, Kylee, Lee, Kyung Min, Xie, Linxi, Lu, Liuqiong, Penev, Lyubomir, Gonzalez, Mailyn, Rosati, Margaret E, Kekkonen, Mari, Kuzmina, Maria, Iskandar, Marianne, Mutanen, Marko, Fatahi, Maryam, Pentinsaari, Mikko, Bauman, Miriam, Nikolova, Nadya, Ivanova, Natalia V, Jones, Nathaniel, Weerasuriya, Nimalka, Monkhouse, Norman, Lavinia, Pablo D, Jannetta, Paul, Hanisch, Priscila E, McMullin, R. Troy, Ojeda Flores, Rafael, Mouttet, Raphaelle, Vender, Reid, Labbee, Renee N, Forsyth, Robert, Lauder, Rob, Dickson, Ross, Kroft, Ruth, Miller, Scott E, MacDonald, Shannon, Panthi, Sishir, Pedersen, Stephanie, Sobek-Swant, Stephanie, Naik, Suresh, Lipinskaya, Tatsiana, Eagalle, Thanushi, Decaens, Thibaud, Kosuth, Thibault, Braukmann, Thomas, Woodcock, Tom, Roslin, Tomas, Zammit, Tony, Campbell, Victoria, Dinca, Vlad, Peneva, Vlada, Hebert, Paul D N &amp; deWaard, Jeremy R" docDate="2015" docId="D04724CB7E7D00ADC402983CA5C5EEC6" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 3: e6313" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 3" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e6313" docTitle="Siphona pisinnia O'Hara 1983" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" id="FFE5FF837519E9253D17614AFFA8FFC1" lastPageNumber="6313" masterDocId="FFE5FF837519E9253D17614AFFA8FFC1" masterDocTitle="Biodiversity inventories in high gear: DNA barcoding facilitates a rapid biotic survey of a temperate nature reserve" masterLastPageNumber="6313" masterPageNumber="6313" pageNumber="6313" updateTime="1668123191966" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0241313FF5200DDFD68BBF5" bold="true" box="[199,658,980,1005]" pageId="8" pageNumber="279">Previous identification of the material.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB0241313FD0C00DDFC9FBBF4" author="Gall" box="[665,869,980,1005]" pageId="8" pageNumber="279" refString="Gall, H. (1980) Eine Gastropodenfauna aus dem Landshuter Schotter der Oberen Sußwassermolasse (Westliche Paratethys, Badenien) von Gundlkofen / Niederbayern. Mitteilungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung fur Palaontologie und historische Geologie, 20, 51 - 77." type="journal article" year="1980">Gall (1980: Nr. 9)</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0241313FCE500DCFC46BBF4" box="[880,956,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="279">Discus</emphasis>
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sp.
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<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0241313FF5200FEFEB6BC08" bold="true" box="[199,332,1015,1040]" pageId="8" pageNumber="279">Discussion.</emphasis>
The material is very fragmentary, but a generic assignment is possible by the distinct shell shape and sculpture pattern. Moreover, the well-marked sculpture compare well with
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB0241313FBA10714FA7ABC2D" authority="Bourguignat" authorityName="Bourguignat" box="[1076,1408,1052,1077]" class="Gastropoda" family="Discidae" genus="Discus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="279" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pleuradrus">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0241313FBA10714FB2FBC2D" box="[1076,1237,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="279">D. pleuradrus</emphasis>
(Bourguignat)
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, a species widespread during the Middle and Upper Miocene of Central Europe (
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB0241313FB970736FB12BC40" author="Bottcher" box="[1026,1256,1087,1112]" pageId="8" pageNumber="279" refString="Bottcher, R., Heizmann, E. P. J., Rasser, M. W. &amp; Ziegler, R. (2009) Biostratigraphy and palaeoecology of a Middle Miocene (Karpathian, MN 5) fauna from the northern margin of the North Alpine Foreland Basin (Oggenhausen 2, SW' Germany). Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie Abhandlungen, 254 (1 / 2), 237 - 260. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1127 / 0077 - 7749 / 2009 / 0011" type="journal article" year="2009">
Böttcher
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0241313FBF90748FB66BC40" box="[1132,1180,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="279">et al</emphasis>
. 2009
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0241313FF52076DFE08BC65" bold="true" box="[199,498,1124,1149]" pageId="8" pageNumber="279">Paleoecological remarks.</emphasis>
Recent European species live in damp woodlands or grasslands (
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).
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145
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<taxonomicName box="[151,259,1484,1509]" class="Gastropoda" family="Chondrinidae" genus="Granaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="279" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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(
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Fig.
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<subSubSection box="[151,889,1591,1616]" pageId="8" pageNumber="279" type="materials_examined">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,384,1591,1616]" pageId="8" pageNumber="279">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectionCode box="[391,461,1592,1616]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/r9n2-w98n" name="Bayerische Staatssammlung fuer Palaeontologie und Geologie" pageId="8" pageNumber="279">BSPG</collectionCode>
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VIII
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(
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spcm.),
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(
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spcm.).
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="279" type="description">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,344,1628,1653]" pageId="8" pageNumber="279">Description.</emphasis>
Shell small, with acuminated spire top. Protoconch (
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½ whorl) narrow, rounded, smooth; transition to teleoconch unclear. Whorl profile convex. Suture deep. Teleoconch sculptured by regularly distributed, very fine prosocline ribs; distance between ribs approximately twice rib width.
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</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[199,1081,1735,1760]" pageId="8" pageNumber="279" type="materials_examined">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,658,1735,1760]" pageId="8" pageNumber="279">Previous identification of the material.</emphasis>
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Gall (
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: Nr.
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:
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<emphasis box="[894,1042,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="279">Cochlostoma</emphasis>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,332,1772,1797]" pageId="8" pageNumber="279">Discussion.</emphasis>
Only spire fragments remain and thus a more precise identification is not possible. The regular whorl growth and the fine, straight and regular ribs indicate the genus
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<emphasis box="[1020,1126,1808,1831]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="279">Granaria</emphasis>
(
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Höltke &amp; Rasser
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)
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. Moreover, the present specimens are indistinguishable from the
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<emphasis box="[876,982,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="279">Granaria</emphasis>
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sp. described from the Middle Miocene (MN
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(
<bibRefCitation author="Salvador" box="[719,888,1879,1904]" pageId="8" pageNumber="279" refString="Salvador, R. B. (2014) The fossil pulmonate snails of Sandelzhausen (Early / Middle Miocene, Germany): Ellobiidae, Pupilloidea, and Clausilioidea. Palaontologische Zeitschrift. [published online] http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12542 - 013 - 0210 - 4" type="book" year="2014">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,497,1916,1941]" pageId="8" pageNumber="279">Paleoecological remarks.</emphasis>
Recent
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<emphasis box="[591,697,1917,1940]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="279">Granaria</emphasis>
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species prefer dry and open habitats, usually calcareous (Welter-
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Schultes
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251
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<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB0251312FF020287FDC6B9BC" authority="Clessin, 1877: 35" authorityName="Clessin" authorityPageNumber="35" authorityYear="1877" box="[151,572,398,420]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="9" pageNumber="280" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subteres" subGenus="Patula">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0251312FF020287FE78B9BC" box="[151,386,398,420]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="280">Helix (Patula) subteres</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="D94F730EB0251312FE1D0287FDC6B9BC" author="Clessin" box="[392,572,398,420]" page="35" pageId="9" pageNumber="280" year="1877">
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB0251312FE1D0287FDECB9BC" author="Clessin" box="[392,534,398,420]" pageId="9" pageNumber="280" refString="Clessin, S. (1877) Die tertiaren Binnenconchylien von Undorf. [I.]. Correspondenzblatt des mineralogisch-zoologischen Vereins zu Regensburg, 31 (3), 34 - 41." type="journal article" year="1877">Clessin, 1877</bibRefCitation>
: 35
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5851551FB0251312FF0202A4FD84B9DB" blockId="9.[151,1436,398,543]" box="[151,638,429,451]" pageId="9" pageNumber="280">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="78FE7231B0251312FF0202A4FD84B9DB" box="[151,638,429,451]" pageId="9" pageNumber="280">
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB0251312FF0202A4FE0BB9DB" authority="Clessin, 1885: 76" authorityName="Clessin" authorityPageNumber="76" authorityYear="1885" box="[151,497,429,451]" class="Insecta" family="Urodidae" genus="Patula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="280" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subteres">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0251312FF0202A4FECEB9DB" box="[151,308,429,451]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="280">Patula subteres</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="D94F730EB0251312FED402A4FE0BB9DB" author="Clessin" box="[321,497,429,451]" page="76" pageId="9" pageNumber="280" year="1885">
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB0251312FED402A4FE34B9DB" author="Clessin" box="[321,462,429,451]" pageId="9" pageNumber="280" refString="Clessin, S. (1885) Die Conchylien der Obermiocaenen Ablagerungen von Undorf. [II.] Malakozoologische Blatter, 7 (2) [1884], 71 - 95." type="journal article" year="1885">Clessin, 1885</bibRefCitation>
: 76
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(pl. 7, fig. 6).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5851551FB0251312FF0202C5FDCFB9FA" blockId="9.[151,1436,398,543]" box="[151,565,460,482]" pageId="9" pageNumber="280">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="78FE7231B0251312FF0202C5FDCFB9FA" box="[151,565,460,482]" pageId="9" pageNumber="280">
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB0251312FF0202C5FDCAB9FA" authority="Wenz, 1923: 1062" authorityName="Wenz" authorityPageNumber="1062" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,560,460,482]" class="Bryopsida" family="Funariaceae" genus="Pyramidula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Funariales" pageId="9" pageNumber="280" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="subteres">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0251312FF0202C5FE92B9FA" box="[151,360,460,482]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="280">Pyramidula subteres</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="D94F730EB0251312FEE002C4FDCAB9FA" author="Wenz" box="[373,560,460,482]" page="1062" pageId="9" pageNumber="280" year="1923">
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB0251312FEE002C4FE0BB9FA" author="Wenz" box="[373,497,460,482]" pageId="9" pageNumber="280" refString="Wenz, W. (1923) Gastropoda extramarina tertiaria I, II, III, VI. In: Diener, C. (Ed.), Fossilium Catalogus I: Animalia. W. Junk, Berlin, pp. 1 - 352, 353 - 736, 737 - 1068, 1735 - 1862." type="book chapter" year="1923">Wenz, 1923</bibRefCitation>
: 1062
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5851551FB0251312FF0202E3FE0CBA07" blockId="9.[151,1436,398,543]" pageId="9" pageNumber="280">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="78FE7231B0251312FF0202E3FE0CBA07" pageId="9" pageNumber="280">
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB0251312FF0202E3FD15BA18" authority="Schlickum, 1976: 11" authorityName="Schlickum" authorityPageNumber="11" authorityYear="1976" box="[151,751,490,512]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicodiscidae" genus="Helicodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="9" pageNumber="280" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subteres" subGenus="Hebetodiscus">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0251312FF0202E3FDE8BA18" box="[151,530,490,512]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="280">Helicodiscus (Hebetodiscus) subteres</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="D94F730EB0251312FD8A02E3FD15BA18" author="Schlickum" box="[543,751,490,512]" page="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="280" year="1976">
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB0251312FD8A02E3FD37BA18" author="Schlickum" box="[543,717,490,512]" pageId="9" pageNumber="280" refString="Schlickum, W. R. (1976) Die in der pleistozan Gemeindekiesgrube von Zwiefaltendorf a. d. Donau Abgelagerte Molluskenfauna der Silvanaschichten. Archiv fur Molluskenkunde, 107, 1 - 31." type="journal article" year="1976">Schlickum, 1976</bibRefCitation>
: 11
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(pl. 2, fig. 35);
<treatmentCitation id="D94F730EB0251312FC1902E3FBA7BA18" author="Schlickum" box="[908,1117,490,512]" page="68" pageId="9" pageNumber="280" year="1979">
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB0251312FC1902E3FBC1BA18" author="Schlickum" box="[908,1083,490,512]" pageId="9" pageNumber="280" refString="Schlickum, W. R. (1979) Helicodiscus (Hebetodiscus), ein altes europaisches Faunenelement. Archiv fur Molluskenkunde, 110 (1 / 3), 67 - 70." type="journal article" year="1979">Schlickum, 1979</bibRefCitation>
: 68
</treatmentCitation>
(fig. 2);
<treatmentCitation id="D94F730EB0251312FB2302E3FAB3BA18" author="Gall" box="[1206,1353,490,512]" page="65" pageId="9" pageNumber="280" year="1980">
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB0251312FB2302E3FADEBA18" author="Gall" box="[1206,1316,490,512]" pageId="9" pageNumber="280" refString="Gall, H. (1980) Eine Gastropodenfauna aus dem Landshuter Schotter der Oberen Sußwassermolasse (Westliche Paratethys, Badenien) von Gundlkofen / Niederbayern. Mitteilungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung fur Palaontologie und historische Geologie, 20, 51 - 77." type="journal article" year="1980">Gall, 1980</bibRefCitation>
: 65
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="D94F730EB0251312FAC602E3FEDABA07" author="Kokay" page="74" pageId="9" pageNumber="280" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB0251312FAC602E3FF07BA07" author="Kokay" pageId="9" pageNumber="280" refString="Kokay, J. (2006) Nonmarine mollusc fauna from the Lower and Middle Miocene, Bakony Mts, W Hungary. Geologica Hungarica, Series Palaeontologica, 56, 3 - 196." type="journal article" year="2006">Kókay, 2006</bibRefCitation>
: 74
</treatmentCitation>
(pl. 27, figs. 14–16).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10F40694B0251312FF02014FFD1FBA47" box="[151,741,582,607]" pageId="9" pageNumber="280" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5851551FB0251312FF02014FFD1FBA47" blockId="9.[151,1437,582,1147]" box="[151,741,582,607]" pageId="9" pageNumber="280">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0251312FF02014FFE7ABA47" bold="true" box="[151,384,582,607]" pageId="9" pageNumber="280">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="3EFFCDDAB0251312FE12014EFE37BA47" box="[391,461,583,607]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/r9n2-w98n" name="Bayerische Staatssammlung fuer Palaeontologie und Geologie" pageId="9" pageNumber="280">BSPG</collectionCode>
1952 XVIII 4 (1 spcm.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10F40694B0251312FF520163FB93BAD3" pageId="9" pageNumber="280" type="description">
<paragraph id="5851551FB0251312FF520163FB93BAD3" blockId="9.[151,1437,582,1147]" pageId="9" pageNumber="280">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0251312FF520163FEA3BA9B" bold="true" box="[199,345,618,643]" pageId="9" pageNumber="280">Description.</emphasis>
Shell diminutive, discoid, with flattened spire. Protoconch (~1¼ whorl) flat, apparently smooth; transition to teleoconch unclear. Teleoconch smooth, but with well-marked growth lines. Whorl profile convex. Suture well-marked, deep. Whorls regularly growing. Aperture round. Umbilicus wide.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10F40694B0251312FF5201DFFA6CBAF7" box="[199,1430,726,751]" pageId="9" pageNumber="280" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5851551FB0251312FF5201DFFA6CBAF7" blockId="9.[151,1437,582,1147]" box="[199,1430,726,751]" pageId="9" pageNumber="280">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0251312FF5201DFFD68BAF7" bold="true" box="[199,658,726,751]" pageId="9" pageNumber="280">Previous identification of the material.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB0251312FD0C01DFFC89BAF7" author="Gall" box="[665,883,726,751]" pageId="9" pageNumber="280" refString="Gall, H. (1980) Eine Gastropodenfauna aus dem Landshuter Schotter der Oberen Sußwassermolasse (Westliche Paratethys, Badenien) von Gundlkofen / Niederbayern. Mitteilungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung fur Palaontologie und historische Geologie, 20, 51 - 77." type="journal article" year="1980">Gall (1980: Nr. 28)</bibRefCitation>
:
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB0251312FCEB01DFFA68BAF7" authority="Clessin" authorityName="Clessin" box="[894,1426,726,751]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicodiscidae" genus="Helicodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="9" pageNumber="280" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subteres" subGenus="Hebetodiscus">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0251312FCEB01DFFAD8BAF7" box="[894,1314,726,751]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="280">Helicodiscus (Hebetodiscus) subteres</emphasis>
(Clessin)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10F40694B0251312FF5201F3FAE2BC63" pageId="9" pageNumber="280" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="5851551FB0251312FF5201F3FEC3BC17" blockId="9.[151,1437,582,1147]" pageId="9" pageNumber="280">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0251312FF5201F3FEB6BB0B" bold="true" box="[199,332,762,787]" pageId="9" pageNumber="280">Discussion.</emphasis>
The present specimen compares well to
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB0251312FCBD01F5FC5EBB0B" box="[808,932,762,787]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicodiscidae" genus="Helicodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="9" pageNumber="280" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subteres">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0251312FCBD01F5FC5EBB0B" box="[808,932,762,787]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="280">L. subteres</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a species known from Miocene (MN 5–6) sites of Southern
<collectingCountry id="20F9158FB0251312FECD0016FE3ABB2F" box="[344,448,799,823]" name="Germany" pageId="9" pageNumber="280">Germany</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="20F9158FB0251312FE630016FDA2BB2F" box="[502,600,799,823]" name="Hungary" pageId="9" pageNumber="280">Hungary</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB0251312FDF00017FCDBBB2F" author="Schlickum" box="[613,801,798,823]" pageId="9" pageNumber="280" refString="Schlickum, W. R. (1976) Die in der pleistozan Gemeindekiesgrube von Zwiefaltendorf a. d. Donau Abgelagerte Molluskenfauna der Silvanaschichten. Archiv fur Molluskenkunde, 107, 1 - 31." type="journal article" year="1976">Schlickum 1976</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB0251312FCBE0016FC9CBB2F" author="Schlickum" box="[811,870,799,823]" pageId="9" pageNumber="280" refString="Schlickum, W. R. (1979) Helicodiscus (Hebetodiscus), ein altes europaisches Faunenelement. Archiv fur Molluskenkunde, 110 (1 / 3), 67 - 70." type="journal article" year="1979">1979</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB0251312FCE70017FBFABB2F" author="Kokay" box="[882,1024,798,823]" pageId="9" pageNumber="280" refString="Kokay, J. (2006) Nonmarine mollusc fauna from the Lower and Middle Miocene, Bakony Mts, W Hungary. Geologica Hungarica, Series Palaeontologica, 56, 3 - 196." type="journal article" year="2006">Kókay 2006</bibRefCitation>
). The species of
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB0251312FB2D0017FAFDBB2F" box="[1208,1287,798,823]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Lucilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="280" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0251312FB2D0017FAFDBB2F" box="[1208,1287,798,823]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="280">Lucilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were usually classified in the genus
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB0251312FE3C004BFD74BB42" authority="Morse" authorityName="Morse" box="[425,654,834,859]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicodiscidae" genus="Helicodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="9" pageNumber="280" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0251312FE3C004BFDC3BB43" box="[425,569,834,859]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="280">Helicodiscus</emphasis>
Morse
</taxonomicName>
and, more specifically, in the subgenus
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0251312FBE5004BFAFDBB43" box="[1136,1287,834,859]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="280">Hebetodiscus</emphasis>
H.B.
<collectingCountry id="20F9158FB0251312FAC6004BFA62BB43" box="[1363,1432,834,859]" name="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" pageId="9" pageNumber="280">Baker</collectingCountry>
.
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0251312FF02006FFED4BB67" box="[151,302,870,895]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="280">Hebetodiscus</emphasis>
, however, was later considered a distinct genus by
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB0251312FC11006EFB55BB67" author="Bequaert" box="[900,1199,870,895]" pageId="9" pageNumber="280" refString="Bequaert, J. C. &amp; Miller, W. B. (1973) The Mollusks of the Arid Southwest with an Arizona Checklist. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, 271 pp." type="book" year="1973">Bequaert &amp; Miller (1973)</bibRefCitation>
, which, in turn, was then regarded as a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB0251312FD9B0083FDA4BBBB" box="[526,606,906,931]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Lucilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="280" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0251312FD9B0083FDA4BBBB" box="[526,606,906,931]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="280">Lucilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB0251312FD050083FC7CBBBB" box="[656,902,906,931]" pageId="9" pageNumber="280" refString="Falkner, G., Ripken, T. E. J. &amp; Falkner, M. (2002) Mollusques continentaux de France; liste de reference annotee et bibliographie. Patrimoines Naturels, 52, 1 - 350." type="journal article">
Falkner
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0251312FD640085FCDCBBBB" box="[753,806,906,931]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="280">et al</emphasis>
. (2002)
</bibRefCitation>
.
<collectingCountry id="20F9158FB0251312FC000082FC4EBBBB" box="[917,948,907,931]" name="American Samoa" pageId="9" pageNumber="280">As</collectingCountry>
such, some authors (
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0251312FB260085FB21BBBB" box="[1203,1243,908,931]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="280">e.g.</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB0251312FB780083FA6DBBBB" author="Hubricht" box="[1261,1431,906,931]" pageId="9" pageNumber="280" refString="Hubricht, L. (1985) The distributions of the native land mollusks of the eastern United States. Fieldiana Zoology, 24, 1 - 191. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 3329" type="journal article" year="1985">Hubricht 1985</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB0251312FF0200A6FE96BBDF" author="Hotopp" box="[151,364,942,967]" pageId="9" pageNumber="280" refString="Hotopp, K. P., Pearce, T. A., Nekola, J. C. &amp; Schmidt, K. (2010) New land snail (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) distribution records for New York state. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 159, 25 - 30. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1635 / 053.159.0102" type="journal article" year="2010">
Hotopp
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0251312FF6700A6FEDEBBDF" box="[242,292,942,967]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="280">et al</emphasis>
. 2010
</bibRefCitation>
) state that this whole
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB0251312FDF700A7FD09BBDF" box="[610,755,942,967]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicodiscidae" genus="Helicodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="9" pageNumber="280" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0251312FDF700A7FD09BBDF" box="[610,755,942,967]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="280">Helicodiscus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex should be revised. Until then, the current approach of treating
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB0251312FE8200DBFE9CBBF3" box="[279,358,978,1003]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Lucilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="280" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0251312FE8200DBFE9CBBF3" box="[279,358,978,1003]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="280">Lucilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a distinct genus (
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0251312FDC200DDFD85BBF3" box="[599,639,980,1003]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="280">e.g.</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB0251312FD0500DAFC9ABBF3" author="Moser" box="[656,864,978,1003]" pageId="9" pageNumber="280" refString="Moser, M., Niederhofer, H. - J. &amp; Falkner, G. (2009) Continental molluscs of the fossil site Sandelzhausen (Miocene; Upper Freshwater Molasse from Bavaria) and their value for palaeoecological assessment. Palaontologische Zeitschrift, 83, 25 - 54. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12542 - 009 - 0013 - 9" type="journal article" year="2009">
Moser
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0251312FD7400DDFCEEBBF3" box="[737,788,978,1003]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="280">et al</emphasis>
. 2009
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB0251312FCFB00DBFB8FBBF3" author="Gargominy" box="[878,1141,978,1003]" pageId="9" pageNumber="280" refString="Gargominy, O., Prie, V., Bichain, J. M., Cucherat, X. &amp; Fontaine, B. (2011) Liste de reference annotee des mollusques continentaux de France. MalaCo, 7, 307 - 382." type="journal article" year="2011">
Gargominy
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0251312FC6200DDFBD0BBF3" box="[1015,1066,978,1003]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="280">et al</emphasis>
. 2011
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB0251312FB1600DBFA82BBF3" author="Welter-Schultes" box="[1155,1400,978,1003]" pageId="9" pageNumber="280" refString="Welter-Schultes, F. (2012) European Non-marine Molluscs, a Guide for Species Identification. Planet Poster Editions, Gottingen, 679 + 78 pp." type="book" year="2012">Welter-Schultes 2012</bibRefCitation>
) is followed here.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5851551FB0251312FF520713FAE2BC63" blockId="9.[151,1437,582,1147]" pageId="9" pageNumber="280">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0251312FF520713FE15BC2B" bold="true" box="[199,495,1050,1075]" pageId="9" pageNumber="280">Paleoecological remarks.</emphasis>
The two recent European
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB0251312FC800713FC9EBC2B" box="[789,868,1050,1075]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Lucilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="280" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0251312FC800713FC9EBC2B" box="[789,868,1050,1075]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="280">Lucilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species are subterranean (
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB0251312FB1F0715FABDBC2A" authority="Lowe" authorityName="Lowe" box="[1162,1351,1050,1075]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicodiscidae" genus="Lucilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="9" pageNumber="280" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="scintilla">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0251312FB1F0715FAFBBC2B" box="[1162,1281,1050,1075]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="280">L. scintilla</emphasis>
Lowe
</taxonomicName>
is even blind), living deeper in the soil than other land snails (
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB0251312FC800737FBEABC4F" author="Welter-Schultes" box="[789,1040,1086,1111]" pageId="9" pageNumber="280" refString="Welter-Schultes, F. (2012) European Non-marine Molluscs, a Guide for Species Identification. Planet Poster Editions, Gottingen, 679 + 78 pp." type="book" year="2012">Welter-Schultes 2012</bibRefCitation>
). If the extinct species shared this habit, the increased difficulty for their preservation would explain the scarce fossil record of the genus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="204327B79B6E5C725967FA28B8608C13">The fossil land and freshwater snails of Gündlkofen (Middle Miocene, Germany)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7F138493CE4E8BC94E97A7A1865E986A">Salvador, Rodrigo B.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="D047E409B0261311FF02022EFDDBBC7F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6138844" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119421806" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6138844" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D047E409B0261311FF02022EFDDBBC7F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D047E409B0261311FF02022EFDDBBC7F" lastPageNumber="281" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">
<subSubSection id="10F40694B0261311FF02022EFF03B97D" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="5851551FB0261311FF02022EFD83B958" blockId="10.[151,633,295,357]" box="[151,633,295,320]" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">
<heading id="0319E273B0261311FF02022EFD83B958" bold="true" box="[151,633,295,320]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" reason="2">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0261311FF02022EFD83B958" bold="true" box="[151,633,295,320]" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0261311FF02022EFEB7B958" bold="true" box="[151,333,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">Palaeoglandina</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB0261311FEC1022EFD83B958" authority="Zieten, 1830" authorityName="Zieten" authorityYear="1830" box="[340,633,295,320]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Poiretia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gracilis">
cf.
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0261311FEE2022EFE36B958" bold="true" box="[375,460,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">gracilis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB0261311FE49022EFD8BB958" author="Zieten" box="[476,625,295,320]" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" refString="Zieten, C. H. (1830) Die Versteinerungen Wurttembergs. V. Verlag &amp; Litographie der Expedition des Werkes unserer Zeit Stuttgart, Stutgart, 96 pp." type="book" year="1830">Zieten, 1830</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5851551FB0261311FF020245FF03B97D" blockId="10.[151,633,295,357]" box="[151,249,332,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">(Fig. 26)</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10F40694B0261311FF02029CFD75BA1E" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="5851551FB0261311FF02029CFD73B9B2" blockId="10.[151,777,404,518]" box="[151,649,404,426]" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="78FE7231B0261311FF02029CFD73B9B2" box="[151,649,404,426]" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB0261311FF02029CFE15B9B2" ID-CoL="72CDJ" authority="Zieten, 1830: 39" authorityName="Zieten" authorityPageNumber="39" authorityYear="1830" box="[151,495,404,426]" class="Gastropoda" family="Oleacinidae" genus="Limnaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0261311FF02029CFEB9B9B2" box="[151,323,404,426]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">Limnaea gracilis</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="D94F730EB0261311FEDC029DFE15B9B2" author="Zieten" box="[329,495,404,426]" page="39" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" year="1830">
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB0261311FEDC029DFE36B9B2" author="Zieten" box="[329,460,404,426]" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" refString="Zieten, C. H. (1830) Die Versteinerungen Wurttembergs. V. Verlag &amp; Litographie der Expedition des Werkes unserer Zeit Stuttgart, Stutgart, 96 pp." type="book" year="1830">Zieten, 1830</bibRefCitation>
: 39
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(pl. 30, fig. 3).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5851551FB0261311FF0202BAFD75BA1E" blockId="10.[151,777,404,518]" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="78FE7231B0261311FF0202BAFD75BA1E" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB0261311FF0202BAFCFFB9D0" authority="Wenz, 1923: 839" authorityName="Wenz" authorityPageNumber="839" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,773,434,456]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Poiretia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="gracilis" subGenus="Palaeoglandina" subSpecies="gracilis">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0261311FF0202BAFDB3B9D0" box="[151,585,434,456]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">Poiretia (Palaeoglandina) gracilis gracilis</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="D94F730EB0261311FDC302BAFCFFB9D0" author="Wenz" box="[598,773,434,456]" page="839" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" year="1923">
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB0261311FDC302BAFD28B9D0" author="Wenz" box="[598,722,434,456]" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" refString="Wenz, W. (1923) Gastropoda extramarina tertiaria I, II, III, VI. In: Diener, C. (Ed.), Fossilium Catalogus I: Animalia. W. Junk, Berlin, pp. 1 - 352, 353 - 736, 737 - 1068, 1735 - 1862." type="book chapter" year="1923">Wenz, 1923</bibRefCitation>
: 839
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0261311FF0202D8FE76B9FF" box="[151,396,465,487]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">
Palaeoglandina
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB0261311FEAA02D8FE76B9FF" authority="Zilch, 1959" authorityName="Zilch" authorityYear="1959" box="[319,396,465,487]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Poiretia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gracilis">gracilis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
: Zilch,
<date id="2C5073DFB0261311FE4E02D8FDABB9FF" box="[475,593,465,487]" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" value="1959" valueMax="1960">1959–1960</date>
: 457 (fig. 1627).
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0261311FF0202F9FE12BA1E" box="[151,488,496,518]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">
Palaeoglandina
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB0261311FEAA02F9FE76BA1E" box="[319,396,496,518]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Poiretia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gracilis">gracilis</taxonomicName>
porrecta
</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="D94F730EB0261311FE6302F9FD70BA1E" author="Gall" box="[502,650,496,518]" page="64" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" year="1980">
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB0261311FE6302F9FD9EBA1E" author="Gall" box="[502,612,496,518]" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" refString="Gall, H. (1980) Eine Gastropodenfauna aus dem Landshuter Schotter der Oberen Sußwassermolasse (Westliche Paratethys, Badenien) von Gundlkofen / Niederbayern. Mitteilungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung fur Palaontologie und historische Geologie, 20, 51 - 77." type="journal article" year="1980">Gall, 1980</bibRefCitation>
: 64
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10F40694B0261311FF02013BFD09BA53" box="[151,755,562,587]" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5851551FB0261311FF02013BFD09BA53" blockId="10.[151,1436,562,1127]" box="[151,755,562,587]" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0261311FF02013BFE7ABA53" bold="true" box="[151,384,562,587]" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="3EFFCDDAB0261311FE12013AFE37BA53" box="[391,461,563,587]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/r9n2-w98n" name="Bayerische Staatssammlung fuer Palaeontologie und Geologie" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">BSPG</collectionCode>
1952 XVIII 14 (3 spcm.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10F40694B0261311FF52015FFED5BAC3" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" type="description">
<paragraph id="5851551FB0261311FF52015FFED5BAC3" blockId="10.[151,1436,562,1127]" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0261311FF52015FFEA3BA77" bold="true" box="[199,345,598,623]" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">Description.</emphasis>
Shell large, fusiform; greatest width on last whorl. Teleoconch sculptured by regularly distributed, well-marked coarse ribs; distance between ribs equal to rib width. Aperture drop-shaped, vertically elongated; no apparent callus. Peristome simple, but slightly thickened on columellar region. Umbilicus imperforated.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10F40694B0261311FF5201EFFA96BAE7" box="[199,1388,742,767]" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5851551FB0261311FF5201EFFA96BAE7" blockId="10.[151,1436,562,1127]" box="[199,1388,742,767]" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0261311FF5201EFFD68BAE7" bold="true" box="[199,658,742,767]" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">Previous identification of the material.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB0261311FD0C01EFFC89BAE7" author="Gall" box="[665,883,742,767]" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" refString="Gall, H. (1980) Eine Gastropodenfauna aus dem Landshuter Schotter der Oberen Sußwassermolasse (Westliche Paratethys, Badenien) von Gundlkofen / Niederbayern. Mitteilungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung fur Palaontologie und historische Geologie, 20, 51 - 77." type="journal article" year="1980">Gall (1980: Nr. 25)</bibRefCitation>
:
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0261311FCEB01EFFB0EBAE6" box="[894,1268,742,767]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">
Palaeoglandina
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB0261311FBAD01EFFB74BAE7" box="[1080,1166,742,767]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Poiretia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gracilis">gracilis</taxonomicName>
porrecta
</emphasis>
(Gobanz).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10F40694B0261311FF520003FDDBBC7F" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="5851551FB0261311FF520003FDE9BB97" blockId="10.[151,1436,562,1127]" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0261311FF520003FEB6BB3B" bold="true" box="[199,332,778,803]" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">Discussion.</emphasis>
The fragmentary and deformed preservation of the present material precludes a more precise identification. Nevertheless, the specimens are reminiscent of
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB0261311FCC10026FC3CBB5F" box="[852,966,814,839]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Poiretia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0261311FCC10026FC3CBB5F" box="[852,966,814,839]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">P. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by their broad shell, strong sculpture and elongated aperture.
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0261311FEE3005BFD7DBB73" box="[374,647,850,875]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">
Palaeoglandina
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB0261311FDA4005BFD7DBB73" box="[561,647,850,875]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Poiretia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gracilis">gracilis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is known from the Late Oligocene to the Middle Miocene (MN 7) of Central Europe (
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB0261311FEC5007FFDFDBB97" author="Salvador" box="[336,519,886,911]" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" refString="Salvador, R. B. (2013 b) The fossil pulmonate snails of Sandelzhausen (Early / Middle Miocene, Germany): Succineidae, Testacelloidea and Helicoidea. Zootaxa, 3721 (2), 157 - 171. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3721.2.3" type="journal article" year="2013" yearSuffix="b">
<collectingCountry id="20F9158FB0261311FEC5007FFE4FBB97" box="[336,437,886,911]" name="El Salvador" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">Salvador</collectingCountry>
2013b
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5851551FB0261311FF520093FDDBBC7F" blockId="10.[151,1436,562,1127]" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0261311FF520093FE0DBBAB" bold="true" box="[199,503,922,947]" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">Paleoecological remarks.</emphasis>
The genus
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0261311FD050093FCB9BBAB" box="[656,835,922,947]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">Palaeoglandina</emphasis>
is known since the Paleocene, being widespread throughout Europe and becoming extinct in the Early Pleistocene (Zilch
<date id="2C5073DFB0261311FC2B00B7FBC5BBCF" box="[958,1087,958,983]" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" value="1959" valueMax="1960">1959–1960</date>
;
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB0261311FBDF00B6FB0FBBCF" author="Esu" box="[1098,1269,958,983]" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" refString="Esu, D., Girotti, O. &amp; Kotsakis, T. (1993) Palaeobiogeographical observations on Villafranchian continental molluscs of Italy. Scripta Geologica, Special Issue 2, 101 - 119." type="journal article" year="1993">
Esu
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0261311FBEE00B6FB50BBCF" box="[1147,1194,958,983]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">et al</emphasis>
. 1993
</bibRefCitation>
). Likely, as the recent species in the family,
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0261311FE4000EBFD72BBE3" box="[469,648,994,1019]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">Palaeoglandina</emphasis>
was a malacophagous predator (
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB0261311FC6300EBFB0EBBE3" author="Barker" box="[1014,1268,994,1019]" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" refString="Barker, G. M. &amp; Efford, M. G. (2004) Predatory gastropods as natural enemies of terrestrial gastropods and other invertebrates. In: Barker, G. M. (Ed.), Natural Enemies of Terrestrial Molluscs. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, pp. 279 - 404." type="book chapter" year="2004">Barker &amp; Efford 2004</bibRefCitation>
); some authors (
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0261311FF35070EFF32BC06" box="[160,200,1031,1054]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">e.g.</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB0261311FF4D070EFE5EBC07" author="Moser" box="[216,420,1030,1055]" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" refString="Moser, M., Niederhofer, H. - J. &amp; Falkner, G. (2009) Continental molluscs of the fossil site Sandelzhausen (Miocene; Upper Freshwater Molasse from Bavaria) and their value for palaeoecological assessment. Palaontologische Zeitschrift, 83, 25 - 54. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12542 - 009 - 0013 - 9" type="journal article" year="2009">
Moser
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0261311FEBD070EFEA1BC07" box="[296,347,1030,1055]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">et al</emphasis>
. 2009
</bibRefCitation>
) even suggested that it should have displayed the same lifestyle and habitat as the recent North American
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB0261311FECF0723FD5FBC5B" authority="Ferussac" authorityName="Ferussac" box="[346,677,1066,1091]" class="Gastropoda" family="Spiraxidae" genus="Euglandina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rosea">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0261311FECF0723FDD9BC5B" box="[346,547,1066,1091]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">Euglandina rosea</emphasis>
(Férussac)
</taxonomicName>
, living on the leaf litter or on trees, with a wide habitat tolerance (
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB0261311FF0B0747FEBCBC7F" author="Hubricht" box="[158,326,1102,1127]" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" refString="Hubricht, L. (1985) The distributions of the native land mollusks of the eastern United States. Fieldiana Zoology, 24, 1 - 191. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 3329" type="journal article" year="1985">Hubricht 1985</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB0261311FEC40747FDECBC7F" author="Davis" box="[337,534,1102,1127]" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" refString="Davis, E. C., Perez, K. E. &amp; Bennett, D. J. (2004) Euglandina rosea (Ferussac, 1821) is found on the ground and in tress in Florida. The Nautilus, 118 (3), 127 - 128." type="journal article" year="2004">
Davis
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0261311FE0F0746FE31BC7F" box="[410,459,1102,1127]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">et al</emphasis>
. 2004
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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data/D0/47/E4/D047E409B0261317FF020636FCA5BEC5.xml Normal file
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<mods:title id="28883D058585F2CA47C19B75FF535926">The fossil land and freshwater snails of Gündlkofen (Middle Miocene, Germany)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CC81046032BF0E687A3092EA07E80B2F">Salvador, Rodrigo B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="D68926DA5567AACBAC7C3B7A0493177D">2014</mods:date>
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<treatment id="D047E409B0261317FF020636FCA5BEC5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6138846" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119421796" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6138846" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D047E409B0261317FF020636FCA5BEC5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D047E409B0261317FF020636FCA5BEC5" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="283" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">
<subSubSection id="10F40694B0261311FF020636FF03BD64" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="5851551FB0261311FF020636FDCFBD40" blockId="10.[151,565,1343,1405]" box="[151,565,1343,1368]" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">
<heading id="0319E273B0261311FF020636FDCFBD40" bold="true" box="[151,565,1343,1368]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB0261311FF020636FDCFBD40" ID-CoL="55JJT" authority="Schlickum, 1967" authorityName="Schlickum" authorityYear="1967" box="[151,565,1343,1368]" class="Gastropoda" family="Testacellidae" genus="Testacella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="schuetti">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0261311FF020636FDCFBD40" bold="true" box="[151,565,1343,1368]" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0261311FF020636FE93BD40" bold="true" box="[151,361,1343,1368]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">Testacella schuetti</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB0261311FEE40636FDCFBD40" author="Schlickum" box="[369,565,1343,1368]" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" refString="Schlickum, W. R. (1967) Zwei neue fossile Arten der Gattung Testacella Cuvier. Archiv fur Molluskenkunde, 96 (1 / 2), 63 - 66." type="journal article" year="1967">Schlickum, 1967</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5851551FB0261311FF02066DFF03BD64" blockId="10.[151,565,1343,1405]" box="[151,249,1380,1405]" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">(Fig. 27)</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10F40694B0261311FF0206A5FE29BE06" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="5851551FB0261311FF0206A5FF18BDF8" blockId="10.[151,1436,1452,1566]" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="78FE7231B0261311FF0206A5FF18BDF8" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB0261311FF0206A5FDD4BDDA" ID-CoL="55JJT" authority="Schlickum, 1967: 63" authorityName="Schlickum" authorityPageNumber="63" authorityYear="1967" box="[151,558,1452,1474]" class="Gastropoda" family="Testacellidae" genus="Testacella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="schuetti">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0261311FF0206A5FEA9BDDA" box="[151,339,1452,1474]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">Testacella schuetti</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="D94F730EB0261311FECF06A5FDD4BDDA" author="Schlickum" box="[346,558,1452,1474]" page="63" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" year="1967">
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB0261311FECF06A5FDF0BDDA" author="Schlickum" box="[346,522,1452,1474]" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" refString="Schlickum, W. R. (1967) Zwei neue fossile Arten der Gattung Testacella Cuvier. Archiv fur Molluskenkunde, 96 (1 / 2), 63 - 66." type="journal article" year="1967">Schlickum, 1967</bibRefCitation>
: 63
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(fig. 1);
<treatmentCitation id="D94F730EB0261311FD1E06A5FC5BBDDA" author="Harzhauser" box="[651,929,1452,1474]" page="53" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" year="2008">
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB0261311FD1E06A5FC84BDDA" author="Harzhauser" box="[651,894,1452,1474]" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" refString="Harzhauser, M., Gross, M. &amp; Binder, H. (2008) Biostratigraphy of Middle Miocene (Sarmatian) wetland systems in an Eastern Alpine intramontane basin (Gratkorn Basin, Austria): the terrestrial gastropod approach. Geologia Carpathica, 59 (1), 45 - 58." type="journal article" year="2008">
Harzhauser
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0261311FC9306A4FCC9BDDA" box="[774,819,1452,1474]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">et al</emphasis>
., 2008
</bibRefCitation>
: 53
</treatmentCitation>
(figs. 7.2–7.3);
<treatmentCitation id="D94F730EB0261311FBD206A5FAA0BDDA" author="Nardi" box="[1095,1370,1452,1474]" page="159" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" year="2011">
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB0261311FBD206A5FAD0BDDA" author="Nardi" box="[1095,1322,1452,1474]" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" refString="Nardi, G. &amp; Bodon, M. (2011) Una nuova specie di Testacella Lamarck, 1801, per l'Italia Settentrionale (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Testacellidae). Bollettino Malacologico, 47, 150 - 164." type="journal article" year="2011">Nardi &amp; Bodon, 2011</bibRefCitation>
: 159
</treatmentCitation>
(table 3).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5851551FB0261311FF0206E0FE29BE06" blockId="10.[151,1436,1452,1566]" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="78FE7231B0261311FF0206E0FE29BE06" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB0261311FF0206E0FD75BDE7" ID-CoL="55JJT" authority="Schutt, 1967: 218" authorityName="Schutt" authorityPageNumber="218" authorityYear="1967" box="[151,655,1513,1535]" class="Gastropoda" family="Testacellidae" genus="Testacella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="schuetti" subGenus="Testacella">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0261311FF0206E0FF07BDE7" box="[151,253,1513,1535]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">Testacella</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0261311FE9E06E0FE8BBDE7" box="[267,369,1513,1535]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">Testacella</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0261311FE1506E0FE35BDE7" box="[384,463,1513,1535]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">schuetti</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="D94F730EB0261311FE4906E0FD75BDE7" author="Schutt" box="[476,655,1513,1535]" page="218" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" year="1967">
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB0261311FE4906E0FDA5BDE7" author="Schutt" box="[476,607,1513,1535]" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" refString="Schutt, H. (1967) Die Landschnecken der untersarmatischen Rissoenschichten von Hollabrunn, N. - O. Archiv fur Molluskenkunde, 96 (3 / 6), 199 - 222." type="journal article" year="1967">Schütt, 1967</bibRefCitation>
: 218
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(fig. 19).
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB0261311FF020501FE34BE06" authority="Gall, 1980: 56" authorityName="Gall" authorityPageNumber="56" authorityYear="1980" box="[151,462,1544,1566]" class="Gastropoda" family="Testacellidae" genus="Testacella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zelli">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0261311FF020501FED7BE06" box="[151,301,1544,1566]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">Testacella zelli</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="D94F730EB0261311FEAF0501FE34BE06" author="Gall" box="[314,462,1544,1566]" page="56" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" year="1980">
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB0261311FEAF0501FE53BE06" author="Gall" box="[314,425,1544,1566]" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" refString="Gall, H. (1980) Eine Gastropodenfauna aus dem Landshuter Schotter der Oberen Sußwassermolasse (Westliche Paratethys, Badenien) von Gundlkofen / Niederbayern. Mitteilungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung fur Palaontologie und historische Geologie, 20, 51 - 77." type="journal article" year="1980">Gall, 1980</bibRefCitation>
: 56
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10F40694B0261311FF020543FD09BE7B" box="[151,755,1610,1635]" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5851551FB0261311FF020543FD09BE7B" blockId="10.[151,1436,1610,2031]" box="[151,755,1610,1635]" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0261311FF020543FE7ABE7B" bold="true" box="[151,384,1610,1635]" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="3EFFCDDAB0261311FE120542FE37BE7B" box="[391,461,1611,1635]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/r9n2-w98n" name="Bayerische Staatssammlung fuer Palaeontologie und Geologie" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">BSPG</collectionCode>
1952 XVIII 22 (5 spcm.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10F40694B0261311FF520567FAF0BEB3" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" type="description">
<paragraph id="5851551FB0261311FF520567FAF0BEB3" blockId="10.[151,1436,1610,2031]" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0261311FF520567FEA3BE9F" bold="true" box="[199,345,1646,1671]" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">Description.</emphasis>
Shell small, ear-shaped, vestigial; shell width ~3/5 shell length. Apex pointed, curved. Shell with well-marked growth lines. Aperture elongated, oval; parietal and columellar region greatly thickened.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10F40694B0261311FF5205BFFB61BED7" box="[199,1179,1718,1743]" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5851551FB0261311FF5205BFFB61BED7" blockId="10.[151,1436,1610,2031]" box="[199,1179,1718,1743]" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0261311FF5205BFFD68BED7" bold="true" box="[199,658,1718,1743]" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">Previous identification of the material.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB0261311FD0C05BFFC9EBED7" author="Gall" box="[665,868,1718,1743]" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" refString="Gall, H. (1980) Eine Gastropodenfauna aus dem Landshuter Schotter der Oberen Sußwassermolasse (Westliche Paratethys, Badenien) von Gundlkofen / Niederbayern. Mitteilungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung fur Palaontologie und historische Geologie, 20, 51 - 77." type="journal article" year="1980">Gall (1980: Nr. 1)</bibRefCitation>
:
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB0261311FCE505BFFBA1BED7" authority="Klein" authorityName="Klein" box="[880,1115,1718,1743]" class="Gastropoda" family="Testacellidae" genus="Testacella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zelli">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0261311FCE505BFFBEDBED7" box="[880,1047,1718,1743]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">Testacella zelli</emphasis>
Klein
</taxonomicName>
[sic].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10F40694B0261317FF5205D3FCA5BEC5" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="283" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="5851551FB0261311FF5205D3FC68BF9B" blockId="10.[151,1436,1610,2031]" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0261311FF5205D3FEB6BEEB" bold="true" box="[199,332,1754,1779]" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">Discussion.</emphasis>
The shell is vestigial in this monotypic family and, therefore, is of very limited taxonomical value. Despite being slightly larger, the present specimens compare well with
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB0261311FC5C05F6FBC7BF0F" box="[969,1085,1790,1815]" class="Gastropoda" family="Testacellidae" genus="Testacella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="schuetti">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0261311FC5C05F6FBC7BF0F" box="[969,1085,1790,1815]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">T. schuetti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its oval aperture, low shell and a pointed but curved apex. The species is known from few Middle Miocene (Sarmatian, MN 7–8) sites of the Styrian Basin and North-Alpine Foreland Basin (
<typeStatus id="8755EBBDB0261311FD51044EFD0CBF47" box="[708,758,1863,1887]" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">type</typeStatus>
locality: Hollabrunn,
<collectingCountry id="20F9158FB0261311FC64044FFBBDBF47" box="[1009,1095,1862,1887]" name="Austria" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">Austria</collectingCountry>
;
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB0261311FBC1044FFAF5BF47" author="Schlickum" box="[1108,1295,1862,1887]" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" refString="Schlickum, W. R. (1967) Zwei neue fossile Arten der Gattung Testacella Cuvier. Archiv fur Molluskenkunde, 96 (1 / 2), 63 - 66." type="journal article" year="1967">Schlickum 1967</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB0261311FA88044FFEE9BF9B" author="Harzhauser" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" refString="Harzhauser, M., Gross, M. &amp; Binder, H. (2008) Biostratigraphy of Middle Miocene (Sarmatian) wetland systems in an Eastern Alpine intramontane basin (Gratkorn Basin, Austria): the terrestrial gastropod approach. Geologia Carpathica, 59 (1), 45 - 58." type="journal article" year="2008">
Harzhauser
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0261311FF020465FF32BF9B" box="[151,200,1898,1923]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">et al</emphasis>
. 2008
</bibRefCitation>
).
<collectingCountry id="20F9158FB0261311FEB00462FEBEBF9B" box="[293,324,1899,1923]" name="American Samoa" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">As</collectingCountry>
such, the present record is the oldest for the species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5851551FB0261311FF520487FCCCBFF7" blockId="10.[151,1436,1610,2031]" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0261311FF520487FE0BBFBF" bold="true" box="[199,497,1934,1959]" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">Paleoecological remarks.</emphasis>
Recent
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB0261311FDDA0487FD3ABFBF" box="[591,704,1934,1959]" class="Gastropoda" family="Testacellidae" genus="Testacella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0261311FDDA0487FD3ABFBF" box="[591,704,1934,1959]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="281">Testacella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are voracious predators, feeding on earthworms, gastropods and centipedes, and live mainly underground, thus requiring a moist soil cover (
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB0261311FC7504BBFB27BFD3" author="Barker" box="[992,1245,1970,1995]" pageId="10" pageNumber="281" refString="Barker, G. M. &amp; Efford, M. G. (2004) Predatory gastropods as natural enemies of terrestrial gastropods and other invertebrates. In: Barker, G. M. (Ed.), Natural Enemies of Terrestrial Molluscs. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, pp. 279 - 404." type="book chapter" year="2004">Barker &amp; Efford 2004</bibRefCitation>
). This burrowing habit should make preservation in the fossil record difficult.
</paragraph>
<caption id="0C910597B0201317FF0200EFFC94BBE4" box="[151,878,998,1020]" pageId="12" pageNumber="283">
<paragraph id="5851551FB0201317FF0200EFFC94BBE4" blockId="12.[151,1370,998,1173]" box="[151,878,998,1020]" pageId="12" pageNumber="283">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0201317FF0200EFFEE5BBE3" bold="true" box="[151,287,998,1020]" pageId="12" pageNumber="283">FIGURE 22.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB0201317FEB000EEFE90BBE4" box="[293,362,999,1020]" family="Diretmidae" genus="Discus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beryciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="283" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0201317FEB000EEFE90BBE4" box="[293,362,999,1020]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="283">Discus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., juvenile (BSPG 1952 XVIII 41; D = 1.5 mm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="0C910597B0201317FF02070DFCD1BC02" box="[151,811,1028,1050]" pageId="12" pageNumber="283">
<paragraph id="5851551FB0201317FF02070DFCD1BC02" blockId="12.[151,1370,998,1173]" box="[151,811,1028,1050]" pageId="12" pageNumber="283">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0201317FF02070DFEE5BC01" bold="true" box="[151,287,1028,1050]" pageId="12" pageNumber="283">FIGURE 23.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB0201317FEB0070CFE7FBC02" box="[293,389,1029,1050]" class="Gastropoda" family="Chondrinidae" genus="Granaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="12" pageNumber="283" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0201317FEB0070CFE7FBC02" box="[293,389,1029,1050]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="283">Granaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (BSPG 1952 XVIII 47; H = 1.6 mm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="0C910597B0201317FF02072AFCC6BC21" box="[151,828,1059,1081]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224846/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="283" targetBox="[151,1436,193,976]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="5851551FB0201317FF02072AFCC6BC21" blockId="12.[151,1370,998,1173]" box="[151,828,1059,1081]" pageId="12" pageNumber="283">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0201317FF02072AFEE5BC20" bold="true" box="[151,287,1059,1081]" pageId="12" pageNumber="283">FIGURE 24.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB0201317FEB0072AFE3DBC21" box="[293,455,1059,1081]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicodiscidae" genus="Lucilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="12" pageNumber="283" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subteres">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0201317FEB0072AFE3DBC21" box="[293,455,1059,1081]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="283">Lucilla subteres</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(BSPG 1952 XVIII 4; D = 1.7 mm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="0C910597B0201317FF02074BFC10BC8D" pageId="12" pageNumber="283">
<paragraph id="5851551FB0201317FF02074BFC10BC8D" blockId="12.[151,1370,998,1173]" pageId="12" pageNumber="283">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0201317FF02074BFEE5BC4F" bold="true" box="[151,287,1090,1112]" pageId="12" pageNumber="283">FIGURE 25.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0201317FEB0074BFE40BC40" box="[293,442,1090,1112]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="283">Pseudoleacina</emphasis>
sp. (BSPG 1952 XVIII 15; H = 16.3 mm, D = 6.2 mm).
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0201317FF020769FEE5BC6D" bold="true" box="[151,287,1120,1142]" pageId="12" pageNumber="283">FIGURE 26.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0201317FEB00769FDE0BC6E" box="[293,538,1120,1142]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="283">
Palaeoglandina
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB0201317FE580769FDE0BC6E" box="[461,538,1120,1142]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Poiretia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="283" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gracilis">gracilis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(BSPG 1952 XVIII 14; H = 38.2 mm, D = 22.3 mm, h = 28.2 mm, d = 14.5 mm).
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0201317FF020776FEE5BC8C" bold="true" box="[151,287,1151,1173]" pageId="12" pageNumber="283">FIGURE 27.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB0201317FEB00776FE1BBC8D" box="[293,481,1151,1173]" class="Gastropoda" family="Testacellidae" genus="Testacella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="12" pageNumber="283" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="schuetti">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0201317FEB00776FE1BBC8D" box="[293,481,1151,1173]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="283">Testacella schuetti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(BSPG 1952 XVIII 22; H = 4.7 mm, D = 2.7 mm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="0C910597B0201317FF02067FFBF3BDD1" pageId="12" pageNumber="283">
<paragraph id="5851551FB0201317FF02067FFBF3BDD1" blockId="12.[151,1435,1398,1910]" pageId="12" pageNumber="283">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0201317FF02067FFEE8BD93" bold="true" box="[151,274,1398,1420]" pageId="12" pageNumber="283">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB0201317FE8C067EFE0BBD94" box="[281,497,1398,1420]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Pomatias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="12" pageNumber="283" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="consobrina">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0201317FE8C067EFE0BBD94" box="[281,497,1398,1420]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="283">Pomatias consobrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(BSPG 1952 XVIII 17; H = 15.8 mm, D = 14.1 mm).
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0201317FF02069CFEE8BDB2" bold="true" box="[151,274,1429,1451]" pageId="12" pageNumber="283">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB0201317FE8C069FFE0BBDB2" box="[281,497,1428,1451]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Pomatias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="12" pageNumber="283" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="consobrina">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0201317FE8C069FFE0BBDB2" box="[281,497,1428,1451]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="283">Pomatias consobrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, operculum (BSPG 1952 XVIII 17; h = 7.3 mm, d = 6.3 mm).
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0201317FF0206BAFEE8BDD0" bold="true" box="[151,274,1459,1481]" pageId="12" pageNumber="283">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB0201317FE8C06BAFE95BDD1" box="[281,367,1459,1481]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bithyniidae" genus="Bithynia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="12" pageNumber="283" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0201317FE8C06BAFE95BDD1" box="[281,367,1459,1481]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="283">Bithynia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., operculum (BSPG 1952 XVIII 18; h = 3.3 mm, d = 2.4 mm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="5851551FB0201317FF0206DBFC09BE1E" blockId="12.[151,1435,1398,1910]" pageId="12" pageNumber="283">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0201317FF0206DBFED8BDFF" bold="true" box="[151,290,1490,1512]" pageId="12" pageNumber="283">FIGUREs 4–</emphasis>
5.
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB0201317FEA906DBFE60BDF0" box="[316,410,1490,1512]" class="Gastropoda" family="Planorbidae" genus="Gyraulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hygrophila" pageId="12" pageNumber="283" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0201317FEA906DBFE60BDF0" box="[316,410,1490,1512]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="283">Gyraulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., juvenile (BSPG 1952 XVIII 16; H =
<quantity id="9F16F8FAB0201317FCD406DBFC6BBDF0" box="[833,913,1490,1512]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="283" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
, D =
<quantity id="9F16F8FAB0201317FC5D06DBFBE0BDF0" box="[968,1050,1490,1512]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="283" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
).
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0201317FF0206F9FEE8BE1D" bold="true" box="[151,274,1520,1542]" pageId="12" pageNumber="283">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB0201317FE8C06F9FE68BE1E" box="[281,402,1520,1542]" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="12" pageNumber="283" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Clausiliidae</taxonomicName>
indet., spire fragment (BSPG 1952 XVIII 37; H =
<quantity id="9F16F8FAB0201317FC0306F9FC12BE1E" box="[918,1000,1520,1542]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="12" pageNumber="283" unit="mm" value="2.9">2.9 mm</quantity>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="0C910597B0201317FF020506FC09BE3D" box="[151,1011,1551,1573]" pageId="12" pageNumber="283">
<paragraph id="5851551FB0201317FF020506FC09BE3D" blockId="12.[151,1435,1398,1910]" box="[151,1011,1551,1573]" pageId="12" pageNumber="283">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0201317FF020506FEE8BE3C" bold="true" box="[151,274,1551,1573]" pageId="12" pageNumber="283">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB0201317FE8C0506FE68BE3D" box="[281,402,1551,1573]" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="12" pageNumber="283" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Clausiliidae</taxonomicName>
indet., spire fragment (BSPG 1952 XVIII 37; H = 2.3 mm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="0C910597B0201317FF020527FC40BE7A" pageId="12" pageNumber="283">
<paragraph id="5851551FB0201317FF020527FC40BE7A" blockId="12.[151,1435,1398,1910]" pageId="12" pageNumber="283">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0201317FF020527FEE8BE5B" bold="true" box="[151,274,1582,1604]" pageId="12" pageNumber="283">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB0201317FE8C0527FE68BE5C" box="[281,402,1582,1604]" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="12" pageNumber="283" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Clausiliidae</taxonomicName>
indet. (possibly
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0201317FDAE0527FD51BE5C" box="[571,683,1582,1604]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="283">Pseudidyla</emphasis>
), aperture fragment (BSPG 1952 XVIII 36; h = 2.3 mm, d = 1.3 mm).
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0201317FF020544FEE8BE7A" bold="true" box="[151,274,1613,1635]" pageId="12" pageNumber="283">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0201317FE8C0545FE7BBE7A" box="[281,385,1612,1634]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="283">Triptychia</emphasis>
sp. (BSPG 1952 XVIII 53; H = 10.2 mm, D = 5.1 mm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="0C910597B0201317FF020562FC77BEB8" pageId="12" pageNumber="283">
<paragraph id="5851551FB0201317FF020562FC77BEB8" blockId="12.[151,1435,1398,1910]" pageId="12" pageNumber="283">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0201317FF020562FEE5BE98" bold="true" box="[151,287,1643,1665]" pageId="12" pageNumber="283">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB0201317FEB00565FE11BE99" box="[293,491,1643,1665]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochlicopidae" genus="Azeca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="12" pageNumber="283" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lubricella">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0201317FEB00565FE98BE99" box="[293,354,1644,1665]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="283">Azeca</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0201317FE1C0562FE11BE99" box="[393,491,1643,1665]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="283">lubricella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, aperture fragment (BSPG 1952 XVIII 45; h = 2.0 mm).
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0201317FF020583FEE4BE87" bold="true" box="[151,286,1674,1696]" pageId="12" pageNumber="283">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
Gastrodontoidea indet. (BSPG 1952 XVIII 38; D = 9.0 mm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="5851551FB0201317FF0205A1FCA5BEC5" blockId="12.[151,1435,1398,1910]" pageId="12" pageNumber="283">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0201317FF0205A1FEB5BEA5" bold="true" box="[151,335,1704,1726]" pageId="12" pageNumber="283">FIGUREs 12–13.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0201317FEC005A1FE0ABEA6" box="[341,496,1704,1726]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="283">Archaeozonites</emphasis>
sp. (BSPG 1952 XVIII 42; H =
<quantity id="9F16F8FAB0201317FCAC05A1FC6FBEA6" box="[825,917,1704,1726]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.76" pageId="12" pageNumber="283" unit="mm" value="17.6">17.6 mm</quantity>
, D =
<quantity id="9F16F8FAB0201317FC5805A1FBD1BEA6" box="[973,1067,1704,1726]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.86" pageId="12" pageNumber="283" unit="mm" value="28.6">28.6 mm</quantity>
).
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0201317FF0205CEFEE5BEC4" bold="true" box="[151,287,1735,1757]" pageId="12" pageNumber="283">FIGURE 14.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB0201317FEB005CEFE99BEC5" box="[293,355,1735,1757]" class="Gastropoda" family="Elonidae" genus="Klikia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="12" pageNumber="283" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0201317FEB005CEFE99BEC5" box="[293,355,1735,1757]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="283">Klikia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cf. c
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB0201317FE0005C1FE10BEC5" box="[405,490,1736,1757]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="283">oarctata</emphasis>
(BSPG 1952 XVIII 7; D =
<quantity id="9F16F8FAB0201317FC9705CEFCAEBEC5" box="[770,852,1735,1757]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" pageId="12" pageNumber="283" unit="mm" value="7.8">7.8 mm</quantity>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

155
data/D0/47/E4/D047E409B028131FFF0201BDFBE5BCEF.xml Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
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<mods:title id="57A67666CF59FE81CAF19C802545B6F5">The fossil land and freshwater snails of Gündlkofen (Middle Miocene, Germany)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="D047E409B028131FFF0201BDFBE5BCEF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6138824" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119421793" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6138824" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D047E409B028131FFF0201BDFBE5BCEF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D047E409B028131FFF0201BDFBE5BCEF" lastPageNumber="275" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">
<subSubSection id="10F40694B028131FFF0201BDFF02BAE8" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="5851551FB028131FFF0201BDFDDFBAD5" blockId="4.[151,549,692,752]" box="[151,549,692,717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">
<heading id="0319E273B028131FFF0201BDFDDFBAD5" bold="true" box="[151,549,692,717]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB028131FFF0201BDFDDFBAD5" authority="Boettger, 1870" authorityName="Boettger" authorityYear="1870" box="[151,549,692,717]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochlicopidae" genus="Azeca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lubricella">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB028131FFF0201BDFDDFBAD5" bold="true" box="[151,549,692,717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB028131FFF0201BDFF21BAD5" bold="true" box="[151,219,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">Azeca</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB028131FFE9301BDFE8EBAD5" bold="true" box="[262,372,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">lubricella</emphasis>
Boettger, 1870
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5851551FB028131FFF0201DEFF02BAE8" blockId="4.[151,549,692,752]" box="[151,248,727,752]" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">
(
<figureCitation id="C0D5499AB028131FFF0A01DEFF0BBAE8" box="[159,241,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1643,1665]" captionText="FIGURE 10. Azeca cf. lubricella, aperture fragment (BSPG 1952 XVIII 45; h = 2.0 mm). FIGURE 11. Gastrodontoidea indet. (BSPG 1952 XVIII 38; D = 9.0 mm)." pageId="4" pageNumber="275">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10F40694B028131FFF020028FD91BB8A" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="5851551FB028131FFF020028FDE8BB2E" blockId="4.[151,785,800,914]" box="[151,530,800,822]" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB028131FFF020028FDF4BB2E" authority="Boettger, 1870: 292" authorityName="Boettger" authorityPageNumber="292" authorityYear="1870" box="[151,526,800,822]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochlicopidae" genus="Azeca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lubricella">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB028131FFF020028FEC7BB2E" box="[151,317,800,822]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">Azeca lubricella</emphasis>
Boettger, 1870: 292
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5851551FB028131FFF020036FD91BB8A" blockId="4.[151,785,800,914]" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="78FE7231B028131FFF020036FD91BB8A" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB028131FFF020036FD3ABB4C" authority="Wenz, 1923: 1092" authorityName="Wenz" authorityPageNumber="1092" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,704,830,852]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochlicopidae" genus="Azeca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="lubricella" subGenus="Azeca" subSpecies="lubricella">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB028131FFF020036FE02BB4C" box="[151,504,830,852]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">Azeca (Azeca) lubricella lubricella</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="D94F730EB028131FFD930036FD3ABB4C" author="Wenz" box="[518,704,830,852]" page="1092" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" year="1923">
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB028131FFD930036FD7BBB4C" author="Wenz" box="[518,641,830,852]" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" refString="Wenz, W. (1923) Gastropoda extramarina tertiaria I, II, III, VI. In: Diener, C. (Ed.), Fossilium Catalogus I: Animalia. W. Junk, Berlin, pp. 1 - 352, 353 - 736, 737 - 1068, 1735 - 1862." type="book chapter" year="1923">Wenz, 1923</bibRefCitation>
: 1092
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB028131FFF020057FD82BB6B" authority="Schlickum, 1976: 8" authorityName="Schlickum" authorityPageNumber="8" authorityYear="1976" box="[151,632,861,883]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochlicopidae" genus="Azeca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="lubricella" subSpecies="lubricella">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB028131FFF020057FE5FBB6B" box="[151,421,861,883]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">Azeca lubricella lubricella</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="D94F730EB028131FFE270054FD82BB6B" author="Schlickum" box="[434,632,861,883]" page="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" year="1976">
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB028131FFE270054FD9BBB6B" author="Schlickum" box="[434,609,861,883]" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" refString="Schlickum, W. R. (1976) Die in der pleistozan Gemeindekiesgrube von Zwiefaltendorf a. d. Donau Abgelagerte Molluskenfauna der Silvanaschichten. Archiv fur Molluskenkunde, 107, 1 - 31." type="journal article" year="1976">Schlickum, 1976</bibRefCitation>
: 8
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(pl. 1, fig. 21).
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB028131FFF020075FD9CBB8A" authority="Gall, 1980: 66" authorityName="Gall" authorityPageNumber="66" authorityYear="1980" box="[151,614,892,914]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochlicopidae" genus="Azeca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="lubricella" subSpecies="lubricella">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB028131FFF020075FF29BB89" box="[151,211,892,913]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">Azeca</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB028131FFF6F0075FE3CBB8A" box="[250,454,892,914]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">lubricella lubricella</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="D94F730EB028131FFE460075FD9CBB8A" author="Gall" box="[467,614,892,914]" page="66" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" year="1980">
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB028131FFE460075FDB8BB8A" author="Gall" box="[467,578,892,914]" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" refString="Gall, H. (1980) Eine Gastropodenfauna aus dem Landshuter Schotter der Oberen Sußwassermolasse (Westliche Paratethys, Badenien) von Gundlkofen / Niederbayern. Mitteilungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung fur Palaontologie und historische Geologie, 20, 51 - 77." type="journal article" year="1980">Gall, 1980</bibRefCitation>
: 66
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10F40694B028131FFF0200B7FAC0BBE3" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5851551FB028131FFF0200B7FD09BBCF" blockId="4.[151,1436,958,1271]" box="[151,755,958,983]" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB028131FFF0200B7FE7ABBCF" bold="true" box="[151,384,958,983]" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="3EFFCDDAB028131FFE1200B6FE37BBCF" box="[391,461,959,983]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/r9n2-w98n" name="Bayerische Staatssammlung fuer Palaeontologie und Geologie" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">BSPG</collectionCode>
1952 XVIII 45 (2 spcm.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5851551FB028131FFF5200EBFAC0BBE3" blockId="4.[151,1436,958,1271]" box="[199,1338,994,1019]" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB028131FFF5200EBFD68BBE3" bold="true" box="[199,658,994,1019]" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">Previous identification of the material.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB028131FFD0C00EBFC8EBBE3" author="Gall" box="[665,884,994,1019]" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" refString="Gall, H. (1980) Eine Gastropodenfauna aus dem Landshuter Schotter der Oberen Sußwassermolasse (Westliche Paratethys, Badenien) von Gundlkofen / Niederbayern. Mitteilungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung fur Palaontologie und historische Geologie, 20, 51 - 77." type="journal article" year="1980">Gall (1980: Nr. 29)</bibRefCitation>
:
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB028131FFCEB00EAFAC0BBE3" authority="Boettger." authorityName="Boettger." box="[894,1338,994,1019]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochlicopidae" genus="Azeca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="lubricella" subSpecies="lubricella">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB028131FFCEB00EAFC3BBBE2" box="[894,961,995,1018]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">Azeca</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB028131FFC7900EBFB37BBE3" box="[1004,1229,994,1019]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">lubricella lubricella</emphasis>
Boettger.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10F40694B028131FFF52070FFBE5BCEF" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="5851551FB028131FFF52070FFA6CBC93" blockId="4.[151,1436,958,1271]" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB028131FFF52070FFEB6BC07" bold="true" box="[199,332,1030,1055]" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">Discussion.</emphasis>
The present specimens are simply apertural fragments, where two teeth (one columellar and one palatal) can be seen. While the aperture shape and dentition seem to clearly indicate the genus
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB028131FFB230722FB03BC5A" box="[1206,1273,1067,1090]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochlicopidae" genus="Azeca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB028131FFB230722FB03BC5A" box="[1206,1273,1067,1090]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">Azeca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, identification beyond that remains rather tentative. Still, the dentition of the present specimens agree very well with
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB028131FFACC0746FEFEBC93" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochlicopidae" genus="Azeca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lubricella">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB028131FFACC0746FEFEBC93" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">Azeca lubricella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a species typical from the Silvana-beds in the Middle Miocene of Southern
<collectingCountry id="20F9158FB028131FFBC2077AFB45BC93" box="[1111,1215,1139,1163]" name="Germany" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">Germany</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB028131FFB58077BFA73BC93" author="Schlickum" box="[1229,1417,1138,1163]" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" refString="Schlickum, W. R. (1976) Die in der pleistozan Gemeindekiesgrube von Zwiefaltendorf a. d. Donau Abgelagerte Molluskenfauna der Silvanaschichten. Archiv fur Molluskenkunde, 107, 1 - 31." type="journal article" year="1976">Schlickum 1976</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5851551FB028131FFF52079FFBE5BCEF" blockId="4.[151,1436,958,1271]" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB028131FFF52079FFE15BCB7" bold="true" box="[199,495,1174,1199]" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">Paleoecological remarks.</emphasis>
The single recent species in the genus,
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB028131FFC39079EFB28BCB7" authority="Ferussac" authorityName="Ferussac" box="[940,1234,1174,1199]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochlicopidae" genus="Azeca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="goodalli">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB028131FFC39079EFBA9BCB7" box="[940,1107,1174,1199]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">Azeca goodalli</emphasis>
(Férussac)
</taxonomicName>
, lives in leaf litter in woodlands or shrublands, often with calcareous soil (
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB028131FFCB507B3FBE1BCCB" author="Welter-Schultes" box="[800,1051,1210,1235]" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" refString="Welter-Schultes, F. (2012) European Non-marine Molluscs, a Guide for Species Identification. Planet Poster Editions, Gottingen, 679 + 78 pp." type="book" year="2012">Welter-Schultes 2012</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB028131FFBA507B3FB07BCCB" author="Schlickum" box="[1072,1277,1210,1235]" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" refString="Schlickum, W. R. (1976) Die in der pleistozan Gemeindekiesgrube von Zwiefaltendorf a. d. Donau Abgelagerte Molluskenfauna der Silvanaschichten. Archiv fur Molluskenkunde, 107, 1 - 31." type="journal article" year="1976">Schlickum (1976)</bibRefCitation>
states that
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB028131FFA1107B2FEFEBCEF" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochlicopidae" genus="Azeca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="275" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lubricella">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB028131FFA1107B2FEFEBCEF" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="275">A. lubricella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specifically may have lived on the immediate vicinity of a water body.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

193
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<heading id="0319E273B029131EFF02076BFDE9BC63" bold="true" box="[151,531,1122,1147]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="276" reason="2">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB029131EFF02076BFDE9BC63" bold="true" box="[151,531,1122,1147]" pageId="5" pageNumber="276">
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<emphasis id="6A9A890DB029131EFF02076BFF27BC63" bold="true" box="[151,221,1122,1147]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="276">Klikia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cf. c
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB029131EFE81076AFE88BC62" bold="true" box="[276,370,1123,1146]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="276">oarctata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB029131EFE14076BFDF1BC63" author="Klein" box="[385,523,1122,1147]" pageId="5" pageNumber="276" refString="Klein, R. (1853) Conchylien der Susswasserkalkformationen Wurttembergs. Jahreshefte des Vereins fur vaterlandische Naturkunde in Wurttemberg, 9, 203 - 223." type="journal article" year="1853">Klein, 1853</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5851551FB029131EFF02078FFF03BC87" blockId="5.[151,531,1122,1183]" box="[151,249,1158,1183]" pageId="5" pageNumber="276">(Fig. 14)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5851551FB029131EFF0207C7FD8BBCFC" blockId="5.[151,957,1230,1375]" box="[151,625,1230,1253]" pageId="5" pageNumber="276">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="78FE7231B029131EFF0207C7FD8BBCFC" box="[151,625,1230,1253]" pageId="5" pageNumber="276">
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<emphasis id="6A9A890DB029131EFF0207C7FF34BCFC" box="[151,206,1230,1252]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="276">Helix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
c
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB029131EFF4A07D9FECEBCFD" box="[223,308,1232,1253]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="276">oarctata</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="D94F730EB029131EFEAF07C7FE1FBCFC" author="Klein" box="[314,485,1230,1252]" page="206" pageId="5" pageNumber="276" year="1853">
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: 206
</treatmentCitation>
(pl. 5, fig. 6).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10F40694B029131EFF0207E4FD4DBD47" pageId="5" pageNumber="276" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="5851551FB029131EFF0207E4FD4FBD1B" blockId="5.[151,957,1230,1375]" box="[151,693,1261,1283]" pageId="5" pageNumber="276">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="78FE7231B029131EFF0207E4FD4FBD1B" box="[151,693,1261,1283]" pageId="5" pageNumber="276">
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB029131EFF0207E4FD4BBD1B" ID-CoL="3R9LG" authority="Wenz, 1923: 534" authorityName="Wenz" authorityPageNumber="534" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,689,1261,1283]" class="Gastropoda" family="Elonidae" genus="Klikia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="276" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="coarctata" subGenus="Apula" subSpecies="coarctata">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB029131EFF0207E4FE0FBD1B" box="[151,501,1261,1283]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="276">Klikia (Apula) coarctata coarctata</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="D94F730EB029131EFD9607E7FD4BBD1B" author="Wenz" box="[515,689,1261,1283]" page="534" pageId="5" pageNumber="276" year="1923">
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: 534
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5851551FB029131EFF020605FD41BD58" blockId="5.[151,957,1230,1375]" pageId="5" pageNumber="276">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="78FE7231B029131EFF020605FD41BD58" pageId="5" pageNumber="276">
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB029131EFF020605FD94BD3A" ID-CoL="3R9LG" authority="Schlickum, 1976: 17" authorityName="Schlickum" authorityPageNumber="17" authorityYear="1976" box="[151,622,1292,1314]" class="Gastropoda" family="Elonidae" genus="Klikia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="276" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="coarctata" subGenus="Apula">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB029131EFF020605FE75BD3A" box="[151,399,1292,1314]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="276">Klikia (Apula) coarctata</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="D94F730EB029131EFE090605FD94BD3A" author="Schlickum" box="[412,622,1292,1314]" page="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="276" year="1976">
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB029131EFE090605FDB1BD3A" author="Schlickum" box="[412,587,1292,1314]" pageId="5" pageNumber="276" refString="Schlickum, W. R. (1976) Die in der pleistozan Gemeindekiesgrube von Zwiefaltendorf a. d. Donau Abgelagerte Molluskenfauna der Silvanaschichten. Archiv fur Molluskenkunde, 107, 1 - 31." type="journal article" year="1976">Schlickum, 1976</bibRefCitation>
: 17
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(pl. 4, fig. 60);
<treatmentCitation id="D94F730EB029131EFC9B0605FC43BD3A" author="Kokay" box="[782,953,1292,1314]" page="92" pageId="5" pageNumber="276" year="2006">
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: 92
</treatmentCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB029131EFF020623FD4DBD58" ID-CoL="3R9LG" authority="Gall, 1980: 60" authorityName="Gall" authorityPageNumber="60" authorityYear="1980" box="[151,695,1322,1344]" class="Gastropoda" family="Elonidae" genus="Klikia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="276" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="coarctata" subGenus="Apula" subSpecies="coarctata">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB029131EFF020623FED2BD58" box="[151,296,1322,1344]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="276">Klikia (Apula)</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB029131EFEDA0622FDEFBD58" box="[335,533,1323,1344]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="276">coarctata coarctata</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="D94F730EB029131EFDB60623FD4DBD58" author="Gall" box="[547,695,1322,1344]" page="60" pageId="5" pageNumber="276" year="1980">
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB029131EFDB60623FD6BBD58" author="Gall" box="[547,657,1322,1344]" pageId="5" pageNumber="276" refString="Gall, H. (1980) Eine Gastropodenfauna aus dem Landshuter Schotter der Oberen Sußwassermolasse (Westliche Paratethys, Badenien) von Gundlkofen / Niederbayern. Mitteilungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung fur Palaontologie und historische Geologie, 20, 51 - 77." type="journal article" year="1980">Gall, 1980</bibRefCitation>
: 60
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5851551FB029131EFF020640FD4DBD47" blockId="5.[151,957,1230,1375]" box="[151,695,1353,1375]" pageId="5" pageNumber="276">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="78FE7231B029131EFF020640FD4DBD47" box="[151,695,1353,1375]" pageId="5" pageNumber="276">
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB029131EFF020640FEA1BD47" ID-CoL="3R9LG" box="[151,347,1353,1375]" class="Gastropoda" family="Elonidae" genus="Klikia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="276" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="coarctata">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB029131EFF020640FF2FBD47" box="[151,213,1353,1375]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="276">Klikia</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB029131EFF6E0643FEA1BD47" box="[251,347,1354,1375]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="276">coarctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation id="D94F730EB029131EFEFD0640FDBABD47" author="Salvador" box="[360,576,1353,1375]" page="161" pageId="5" pageNumber="276" year="2013">
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB029131EFEFD0640FDEBBD47" author="Salvador" box="[360,529,1353,1375]" pageId="5" pageNumber="276" refString="Salvador, R. B. (2013 b) The fossil pulmonate snails of Sandelzhausen (Early / Middle Miocene, Germany): Succineidae, Testacelloidea and Helicoidea. Zootaxa, 3721 (2), 157 - 171. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3721.2.3" type="journal article" year="2013" yearSuffix="b">
<collectingCountry id="20F9158FB029131EFEFD0640FE3EBD47" box="[360,452,1353,1375]" name="El Salvador" pageId="5" pageNumber="276">Salvador</collectingCountry>
, 2013b
</bibRefCitation>
: 161
</treatmentCitation>
(figs. 6–9).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="5851551FB029131EFF020685FD1FBDBC" blockId="5.[151,1437,1420,1805]" box="[151,741,1420,1445]" pageId="5" pageNumber="276">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB029131EFF020685FE7ABDBD" bold="true" box="[151,384,1420,1445]" pageId="5" pageNumber="276">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="3EFFCDDAB029131EFE120685FE37BDBC" box="[391,461,1420,1444]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/r9n2-w98n" name="Bayerische Staatssammlung fuer Palaeontologie und Geologie" pageId="5" pageNumber="276">BSPG</collectionCode>
1952 XVIII 7 (1 spcm.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10F40694B029131EFF5206A6FC6FBE08" pageId="5" pageNumber="276" type="description">
<paragraph id="5851551FB029131EFF5206A6FC6FBE08" blockId="5.[151,1437,1420,1805]" pageId="5" pageNumber="276">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB029131EFF5206A6FEA3BDD0" bold="true" box="[199,345,1455,1480]" pageId="5" pageNumber="276">Description.</emphasis>
Shell small, depressed. Protoconch blunt, wide, smooth. Teleoconch sculptured by regularly distributed fine papillae, giving the impression of axial striae. Whorls’ profile slightly convex. Suture well-marked, deep. Whorls regularly increasing in size. Aperture crescent-shaped.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10F40694B029131EFF520515FA7FBE2D" box="[199,1413,1564,1589]" pageId="5" pageNumber="276" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5851551FB029131EFF520515FA7FBE2D" blockId="5.[151,1437,1420,1805]" box="[199,1413,1564,1589]" pageId="5" pageNumber="276">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB029131EFF520515FD68BE2D" bold="true" box="[199,658,1564,1589]" pageId="5" pageNumber="276">Previous identification of the material.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB029131EFD0C0515FC89BE2C" author="Gall" box="[665,883,1564,1589]" pageId="5" pageNumber="276" refString="Gall, H. (1980) Eine Gastropodenfauna aus dem Landshuter Schotter der Oberen Sußwassermolasse (Westliche Paratethys, Badenien) von Gundlkofen / Niederbayern. Mitteilungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung fur Palaontologie und historische Geologie, 20, 51 - 77." type="journal article" year="1980">Gall (1980: Nr. 14)</bibRefCitation>
:
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB029131EFCEB0515FA7BBE2D" authority="Klein" authorityName="Klein" box="[894,1409,1564,1589]" class="Gastropoda" family="Elonidae" genus="Klikia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="276" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="coarctata" subGenus="Apula" subSpecies="coarctata">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB029131EFCEB0515FBE5BE2D" box="[894,1055,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="276">Klikia (Apula)</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB029131EFBDF0514FADFBE2C" box="[1098,1317,1565,1588]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="276">coarctata coarctata</emphasis>
(Klein)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10F40694B029131EFF520536FB40BF15" pageId="5" pageNumber="276" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="5851551FB029131EFF520536FB63BEDD" blockId="5.[151,1437,1420,1805]" pageId="5" pageNumber="276">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB029131EFF520536FEB6BE40" bold="true" box="[199,332,1599,1624]" pageId="5" pageNumber="276">Discussion.</emphasis>
The single specimen from Gündlkofen, despite being slightly deformed, compares fittingly with
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB029131EFF02056CFEDEBE64" box="[151,292,1637,1660]" class="Gastropoda" family="Elonidae" genus="Klikia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="276" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="coarctata">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB029131EFF02056CFEDEBE64" box="[151,292,1637,1660]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="276">K. coarctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a species from the Middle Miocene of southern
<collectingCountry id="20F9158FB029131EFCCA056DFC3DBE64" box="[863,967,1636,1660]" name="Germany" pageId="5" pageNumber="276">Germany</collectingCountry>
(MN 5–6;
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB029131EFBDF056DFB37BE65" author="Klein" box="[1098,1229,1636,1661]" pageId="5" pageNumber="276" refString="Klein, R. (1853) Conchylien der Susswasserkalkformationen Wurttembergs. Jahreshefte des Vereins fur vaterlandische Naturkunde in Wurttemberg, 9, 203 - 223." type="journal article" year="1853">Klein 1853</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB029131EFB4E056DFA6DBE65" author="Schlickum" box="[1243,1431,1636,1661]" pageId="5" pageNumber="276" refString="Schlickum, W. R. (1976) Die in der pleistozan Gemeindekiesgrube von Zwiefaltendorf a. d. Donau Abgelagerte Molluskenfauna der Silvanaschichten. Archiv fur Molluskenkunde, 107, 1 - 31." type="journal article" year="1976">Schlickum 1976</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB029131EFF02058EFEAABEB8" author="Salvador" box="[151,336,1671,1696]" pageId="5" pageNumber="276" refString="Salvador, R. B. (2013 b) The fossil pulmonate snails of Sandelzhausen (Early / Middle Miocene, Germany): Succineidae, Testacelloidea and Helicoidea. Zootaxa, 3721 (2), 157 - 171. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3721.2.3" type="journal article" year="2013" yearSuffix="b">
<collectingCountry id="20F9158FB029131EFF02058EFF01BEB8" box="[151,251,1671,1696]" name="El Salvador" pageId="5" pageNumber="276">Salvador</collectingCountry>
2013b
</bibRefCitation>
). However, a more certain identification is not possible, since one of the main features of this species, a covered umbilicus (
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB029131EFE7305A5FD92BEDD" author="Klein" box="[486,616,1708,1733]" pageId="5" pageNumber="276" refString="Klein, R. (1853) Conchylien der Susswasserkalkformationen Wurttembergs. Jahreshefte des Vereins fur vaterlandische Naturkunde in Wurttemberg, 9, 203 - 223." type="journal article" year="1853">Klein 1853</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB029131EFDE605A5FC5CBEDC" author="Harzhauser" box="[627,934,1708,1733]" pageId="5" pageNumber="276" refString="Harzhauser, M. &amp; Binder, H. (2004) Synopsis of the Late Miocene mollusc fauna of the classical sections Richardhof and Eichkogel in the Vienna Basin. Archiv fur Molluskenkunde, 133 (1 / 2), 1 - 57." type="journal article" year="2004">Harzhauser &amp; Binder 2004</bibRefCitation>
), cannot be observed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5851551FB029131EFF5205C6FB40BF15" blockId="5.[151,1437,1420,1805]" pageId="5" pageNumber="276">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB029131EFF5205C6FE03BEF0" bold="true" box="[199,505,1743,1768]" pageId="5" pageNumber="276">Paleoecological remarks.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="20F9158FB029131EFD9D05D9FDDDBEF0" box="[520,551,1744,1768]" name="American Samoa" pageId="5" pageNumber="276">As</collectingCountry>
a fossil genus, comparison with living relatives is somewhat tentative. Nevertheless,
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB029131EFEA005FCFE2CBF14" author="Lueger" box="[309,470,1780,1805]" pageId="5" pageNumber="276" refString="Lueger, J. P. (1981) Die Landschnecken im Pannon und Pont des Wiener Beckens, I. Systematik. II. Fundorte, Stratigraphie, Faunenprovinzen. Denkschriften der Akademie der Wissenschaften, mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, 120, 1 - 124. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 7091 - 5513 - 4 _ 5" type="journal article" year="1981">Lueger (1981)</bibRefCitation>
suggested that species in this genus preferred drier environments.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

183
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<heading id="0319E273B02A131DFF0200F6FD81BC02" bold="true" box="[151,635,1023,1050]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="6A9A890DB02A131DFF0200F6FD81BC02" bold="true" box="[151,635,1023,1050]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB02A131DFF0200F6FF0BBC01" bold="true" box="[151,241,1023,1049]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">Cepaea</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB02A131DFE8800F6FE64BC01" bold="true" box="[285,414,1023,1049]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">sylvestrina</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="5851551FB02A131DFF02072BFED7BC23" blockId="6.[151,635,1023,1083]" box="[151,301,1058,1083]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">(Figs. 17–18)</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5851551FB02A131DFF020763FDD2BC98" blockId="6.[151,750,1130,1275]" box="[151,552,1130,1152]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="78FE7231B02A131DFF020763FDD2BC98" box="[151,552,1130,1152]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">
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<emphasis id="6A9A890DB02A131DFF020763FEB8BC98" box="[151,322,1130,1152]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">Helix sylvestrina</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="D94F730EB02A131DFEDD0763FDDEBC98" author="Schlotheim" box="[328,548,1130,1152]" page="99" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" year="1820">
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB02A131DFEDD0763FE04BC98" author="Schlotheim" box="[328,510,1130,1152]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" refString="Schlotheim, E. F. (1820) Die Petrefactenkunde auf ihrem jetzigen Standpunkte durch die Beschreibung seiner Sammlung versteinerter und fossiler Uberreste des Thier- und Pflanzenreichs der Vorwelt. Becker'sche Buchhandlung, Gotha, 432 pp." type="book" year="1820">Schlotheim, 1820</bibRefCitation>
: 99
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5851551FB02A131DFF020783FDF4BCA6" blockId="6.[151,750,1130,1275]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="78FE7231B02A131DFF020783FDF4BCA6" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB02A131DFF020783FD72BC87" ID-CoL="SBY6" authority="Wenz, 1923: 690" authorityName="Wenz" authorityPageNumber="690" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,648,1161,1183]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Cepaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="sylvestrina" subSpecies="sylvestrina">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB02A131DFF020783FE36BC87" box="[151,460,1161,1183]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">Cepaea sylvestrina sylvestrina</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="D94F730EB02A131DFE4F0783FD72BC87" author="Wenz" box="[474,648,1161,1183]" page="690" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" year="1923">
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB02A131DFE4F0783FDAFBC87" author="Wenz" box="[474,597,1161,1183]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" refString="Wenz, W. (1923) Gastropoda extramarina tertiaria I, II, III, VI. In: Diener, C. (Ed.), Fossilium Catalogus I: Animalia. W. Junk, Berlin, pp. 1 - 352, 353 - 736, 737 - 1068, 1735 - 1862." type="book chapter" year="1923">Wenz, 1923</bibRefCitation>
: 690
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB02A131DFF0207A0FDF0BCA6" ID-CoL="SBY6" authority="Truc, 1971: 282" authorityName="Truc" authorityPageNumber="282" authorityYear="1971" box="[151,522,1192,1214]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Cepaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sylvestrina">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB02A131DFF0207A0FEA2BCA6" box="[151,344,1192,1214]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">Cepaea sylvestrina</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="D94F730EB02A131DFEF007A0FDF0BCA6" author="Truc" box="[357,522,1192,1214]" page="282" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" year="1971">
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB02A131DFEF007A0FE2DBCA6" author="Truc" box="[357,471,1192,1214]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" refString="Truc, G. (1971) Heliceae (Gastropoda) du Neogene du Bassin Rhodanien (France). Geobios, 4 (4), 273 - 327. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / s 0016 - 6995 (71) 80012 - 8" type="journal article" year="1971">Truc, 1971</bibRefCitation>
: 282
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5851551FB02A131DFF0207CEFDD3BCC4" blockId="6.[151,750,1130,1275]" box="[151,553,1222,1244]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="78FE7231B02A131DFF0207CEFDD3BCC4" box="[151,553,1222,1244]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB02A131DFF0207CEFDDFBCC4" ID-CoL="7QL83" authority="Gall, 1980: 61" authorityName="Gall" authorityPageNumber="61" authorityYear="1980" box="[151,549,1222,1244]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Cepaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="silvana" subSpecies="silvana">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB02A131DFF0207CEFE79BCC4" box="[151,387,1222,1244]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">Cepaea silvana silvana</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="D94F730EB02A131DFE0507CFFDDFBCC4" author="Gall" box="[400,549,1222,1244]" page="61" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" year="1980">
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB02A131DFE0507CFFE05BCC4" author="Gall" box="[400,511,1222,1244]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" refString="Gall, H. (1980) Eine Gastropodenfauna aus dem Landshuter Schotter der Oberen Sußwassermolasse (Westliche Paratethys, Badenien) von Gundlkofen / Niederbayern. Mitteilungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung fur Palaontologie und historische Geologie, 20, 51 - 77." type="journal article" year="1980">Gall, 1980</bibRefCitation>
: 61
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5851551FB02A131DFF0207EFFD14BCE3" blockId="6.[151,750,1130,1275]" box="[151,750,1253,1275]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="78FE7231B02A131DFF0207EFFD14BCE3" box="[151,750,1253,1275]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB02A131DFF0207EFFE83BCE3" ID-CoL="SBY6" box="[151,377,1253,1275]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Cepaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sylvestrina">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB02A131DFF0207EFFF1EBCE3" box="[151,228,1254,1275]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">Cepaea</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB02A131DFE9E07ECFE83BCE3" box="[267,377,1253,1275]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">sylvestrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation id="D94F730EB02A131DFE1307ECFDA4BCE3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3509193" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3509193" author="Salvador" box="[390,606,1253,1275]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5C371C6D271BFFC6FF208E43FD77FD74" page="163" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" year="2013">
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB02A131DFE1307ECFDD4BCE3" author="Salvador" box="[390,558,1253,1275]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" refString="Salvador, R. B. (2013 b) The fossil pulmonate snails of Sandelzhausen (Early / Middle Miocene, Germany): Succineidae, Testacelloidea and Helicoidea. Zootaxa, 3721 (2), 157 - 171. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3721.2.3" type="journal article" year="2013" yearSuffix="b">
<collectingCountry id="20F9158FB02A131DFE1307ECFE18BCE3" box="[390,482,1253,1275]" name="El Salvador" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">Salvador</collectingCountry>
, 2013b
</bibRefCitation>
: 163
</treatmentCitation>
(figs. 14–17).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10F40694B02A131DFF02062EFCFBBD58" box="[151,769,1319,1344]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5851551FB02A131DFF02062EFCFBBD58" blockId="6.[151,1437,1319,1741]" box="[151,769,1319,1344]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB02A131DFF02062EFE7ABD58" bold="true" box="[151,384,1319,1344]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="3EFFCDDAB02A131DFE120621FE37BD58" box="[391,461,1320,1344]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/r9n2-w98n" name="Bayerische Staatssammlung fuer Palaeontologie und Geologie" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">BSPG</collectionCode>
1952 XVIII 49 (10 spcm.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10F40694B02A131DFF520645FC6BBDC8" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" type="description">
<paragraph id="5851551FB02A131DFF520645FC6BBDC8" blockId="6.[151,1437,1319,1741]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB02A131DFF520645FEA3BD7D" bold="true" box="[199,345,1356,1381]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">Description.</emphasis>
Shell large, 4¼–4½ whorls, helicoid; whorls regularly growing. Protoconch flattened, smooth; transition to teleoconch unclear. Teleoconch smooth, except for growth lines. Whorl profile flat on first whorls. Suture well-marked. Body whorl slightly bent downwards. Aperture prosocline, crescent-shaped; callus faint. Peristome markedly thickened and reflexed. Umbilicus imperforate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10F40694B02A131DFF5206D5FB19BDED" box="[199,1251,1500,1525]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5851551FB02A131DFF5206D5FB19BDED" blockId="6.[151,1437,1319,1741]" box="[199,1251,1500,1525]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB02A131DFF5206D5FD68BDED" bold="true" box="[199,658,1500,1525]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">Previous identification of the material.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB02A131DFD0C06D5FC89BDED" author="Gall" box="[665,883,1500,1525]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" refString="Gall, H. (1980) Eine Gastropodenfauna aus dem Landshuter Schotter der Oberen Sußwassermolasse (Westliche Paratethys, Badenien) von Gundlkofen / Niederbayern. Mitteilungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung fur Palaontologie und historische Geologie, 20, 51 - 77." type="journal article" year="1980">Gall (1980: Nr. 16)</bibRefCitation>
:
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB02A131DFCEB06D4FB25BDED" authority="Klein" authorityName="Klein" box="[894,1247,1500,1525]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Cepaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="silvana" subSpecies="silvana">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB02A131DFCEB06D4FB7EBDED" box="[894,1156,1500,1525]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">Cepaea silvana silvana</emphasis>
(Klein)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10F40694B02A131DFF5206F6FD01BED5" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="5851551FB02A131DFF5206F6FD98BEBF" blockId="6.[151,1437,1319,1741]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB02A131DFF5206F6FEB6BE00" bold="true" box="[199,332,1535,1560]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">Discussion.</emphasis>
The specimens from Gündlkofen compare reasonably well with
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB02A131DFBAA0509FB26BE00" box="[1087,1244,1535,1560]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Cepaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sylvestrina">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB02A131DFBAA0509FB26BE00" box="[1087,1244,1535,1560]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">C. sylvestrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but are slightly larger, with one quarter to one half additional whorl when compared to typical
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB02A131DFBBE052CFB3DBE25" box="[1067,1223,1572,1597]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Cepaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sylvestrina">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB02A131DFBBE052CFB3DBE25" box="[1067,1223,1572,1597]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">C. sylvestrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; nevertheless, this species seem to be quite variable morphologically.
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB02A131DFD4C0541FC2ABE78" authority="Klein" authorityName="Klein" box="[729,976,1607,1632]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Cepaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="silvana">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB02A131DFD4C0541FC7DBE78" box="[729,903,1607,1632]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">Cepaea silvana</emphasis>
Klein
</taxonomicName>
, another common species in the
<collectingCountry id="20F9158FB02A131DFAD70541FA66BE78" box="[1346,1436,1608,1632]" name="Germany" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">German</collectingCountry>
Middle Miocene, is even smaller, with fewer whorls and a more rounded overall profile, and might be simply a morphological extreme of
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB02A131DFE540599FDA0BEB0" box="[449,602,1679,1704]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Cepaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sylvestrina">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB02A131DFE540599FDA0BEB0" box="[449,602,1679,1704]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">C. sylvestrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5851551FB02A131DFF5205BDFD01BED5" blockId="6.[151,1437,1319,1741]" box="[199,763,1716,1741]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB02A131DFF5205BDFE15BED5" bold="true" box="[199,495,1716,1741]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">Paleoecological remarks.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="20F9158FB02A131DFE6305BDFDEFBED4" box="[502,533,1716,1740]" name="American Samoa" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">As</collectingCountry>
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB02A131DFD8905BCFD50BED4" box="[540,682,1716,1741]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Cepaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="eversa">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB02A131DFD8905BCFDCCBED4" box="[540,566,1717,1740]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">C.</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB02A131DFDF405BCFD50BED4" box="[609,682,1717,1740]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">eversa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
above.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

191
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<treatment id="D047E409B02A131DFF02039EFD9EBBB5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6138830" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119421787" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6138830" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D047E409B02A131DFF02039EFD9EBBB5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D047E409B02A131DFF02039EFD9EBBB5" lastPageNumber="277" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">
<subSubSection id="10F40694B02A131DFF02039EFED7B8CB" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="5851551FB02A131DFF02039EFDD4B8AA" blockId="6.[151,558,151,211]" box="[151,558,151,178]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">
<heading id="0319E273B02A131DFF02039EFDD4B8AA" bold="true" box="[151,558,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB02A131DFF02039EFDD4B8AA" ID-CoL="2f95c3bd-57ab-440a-a85f-d350abc72171" authority="Deshayes, 1851" authorityName="Deshayes" authorityYear="1851" box="[151,558,151,178]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Cepaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="eversa">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB02A131DFF02039EFDD4B8AA" bold="true" box="[151,558,151,178]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB02A131DFF02039EFF0BB8A9" bold="true" box="[151,241,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">Cepaea</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB02A131DFE88039EFE90B8A9" bold="true" box="[285,362,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">eversa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB02A131DFEE40391FDD4B8AA" author="Deshayes" box="[369,558,152,178]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" refString="Deshayes, G. P. (1851) Helix eversa. In: Ferussac, A. E. J. P. J. F. d'A. de &amp; Deshayes, G. P. (Eds.), (1819 - 1851) Histoire naturelle generale et particuliere des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles, tant des especes que l'on trouve aujourd'hui vivantes, que des depouilles fossiles de celles qui n'existent plus; classes d'apres les caracteres essentiels que presentent ces animaux et leurs coquilles. Vol. 1. J. B. Bailliere, Paris, pp. 395 - 396." type="book chapter" year="1851">Deshayes, 1851</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5851551FB02A131DFF0203B3FED7B8CB" blockId="6.[151,558,151,211]" box="[151,301,186,211]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">
(
<figureCitation id="C0D5499AB02A131DFF0A03B3FEDCB8CB" box="[159,294,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 16" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1765,1788]" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 16. Cepaea cf. eversa (BSPG 1952 XVIII 8; H = 20.3 mm; D = 27.4 mm; h = 10.3 mm; d = 14.3 mm). FIGURES 17 – 18. Cepaea cf. sylvestrina (BSPG 1952 XVIII 49; H = 16.4 mm; D = 25.2 mm; h = 9.1 mm; d = 13.5 mm). FIGURES 19 – 20. Tropidomphalus cf. incrassatus (BSPG 1952 XVIII 5; H = 14.1 mm; D = 28.8 mm; h = 11.7 mm; d = 17.7 mm)." pageId="6" pageNumber="277">Figs. 15–16</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10F40694B02A131DFF02020BFD38B98B" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="5851551FB02A131DFF02020BFDCFB92F" blockId="6.[151,706,258,403]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="78FE7231B02A131DFF02020BFDCFB92F" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB02A131DFF02020BFE0AB900" ID-CoL="1d10a1d2-ec28-421f-b910-c2d3ac7d8698" authority="Deshayes, 1851: 395" authorityName="Deshayes" authorityPageNumber="395" authorityYear="1851" box="[151,496,258,280]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="eversa">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB02A131DFF02020BFEECB900" box="[151,278,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">Helix eversa</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="D94F730EB02A131DFE89020BFE0AB900" author="Deshayes" box="[284,496,258,280]" page="395" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" year="1851">
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB02A131DFE89020BFE3AB900" author="Deshayes" box="[284,448,258,280]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" refString="Deshayes, G. P. (1851) Helix eversa. In: Ferussac, A. E. J. P. J. F. d'A. de &amp; Deshayes, G. P. (Eds.), (1819 - 1851) Histoire naturelle generale et particuliere des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles, tant des especes que l'on trouve aujourd'hui vivantes, que des depouilles fossiles de celles qui n'existent plus; classes d'apres les caracteres essentiels que presentent ces animaux et leurs coquilles. Vol. 1. J. B. Bailliere, Paris, pp. 395 - 396." type="book chapter" year="1851">Deshayes, 1851</bibRefCitation>
: 395
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(pl. 1, figs. 5–7).
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB02A131DFF02022BFDCBB92F" authority="Wenz, 1923: 617" authorityName="Wenz" authorityPageNumber="617" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,561,289,311]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Cepaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="eversa" subSpecies="eversa">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB02A131DFF02022BFE8FB92F" box="[151,373,290,311]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">Cepaea eversa eversa</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="D94F730EB02A131DFE17022BFDCBB92F" author="Wenz" box="[386,561,289,311]" page="617" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" year="1923">
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB02A131DFE17022BFE04B92F" author="Wenz" box="[386,510,289,311]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" refString="Wenz, W. (1923) Gastropoda extramarina tertiaria I, II, III, VI. In: Diener, C. (Ed.), Fossilium Catalogus I: Animalia. W. Junk, Berlin, pp. 1 - 352, 353 - 736, 737 - 1068, 1735 - 1862." type="book chapter" year="1923">Wenz, 1923</bibRefCitation>
: 617
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5851551FB02A131DFF020248FDEDB94E" blockId="6.[151,706,258,403]" box="[151,535,320,342]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="78FE7231B02A131DFF020248FDEDB94E" box="[151,535,320,342]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB02A131DFF020248FDE8B94E" authority="Gall, 1980: 60" authorityName="Gall" authorityPageNumber="60" authorityYear="1980" box="[151,530,320,342]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Cepaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="eversa" subSpecies="larteti">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB02A131DFF020248FE8BB94E" box="[151,369,320,342]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">Cepaea eversa larteti</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="D94F730EB02A131DFEEB0249FDE8B94E" author="Gall" box="[382,530,320,342]" page="60" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" year="1980">
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB02A131DFEEB0249FE16B94E" author="Gall" box="[382,492,320,342]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" refString="Gall, H. (1980) Eine Gastropodenfauna aus dem Landshuter Schotter der Oberen Sußwassermolasse (Westliche Paratethys, Badenien) von Gundlkofen / Niederbayern. Mitteilungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung fur Palaontologie und historische Geologie, 20, 51 - 77." type="journal article" year="1980">Gall, 1980</bibRefCitation>
: 60
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5851551FB02A131DFF020256FDD0B96C" blockId="6.[151,706,258,403]" box="[151,554,350,373]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="78FE7231B02A131DFF020256FDD0B96C" box="[151,554,350,373]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB02A131DFF020256FDDCB96C" ID-CoL="2f95c3bd-57ab-440a-a85f-d350abc72171" authority="Hir &amp; Kokay, 2004: 89" authorityName="Hir &amp; Kokay" authorityPageNumber="89" authorityYear="2004" box="[151,550,350,373]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Cepaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="eversa">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB02A131DFF020256FED7B96D" box="[151,301,351,373]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">Cepaea eversa</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="D94F730EB02A131DFEAF0257FDDCB96C" author="Hir" box="[314,550,350,372]" page="89" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB02A131DFEAF0257FDFAB96C" author="Hir" box="[314,512,350,372]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" refString="Hir, J. &amp; Kokay, J. (2004) Middle Miocene molluscs and rodents from Matraszolos (Matra Mountains, Hungary). Fragmenta Palaeontologica Hungarica, 22, 83 - 97." type="journal article" year="2004">Hír &amp; Kókay, 2004</bibRefCitation>
: 89
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5851551FB02A131DFF020277FD38B98B" blockId="6.[151,706,258,403]" box="[151,706,381,403]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="78FE7231B02A131DFF020277FD38B98B" box="[151,706,381,403]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB02A131DFF020277FEB7B98B" ID-CoL="2f95c3bd-57ab-440a-a85f-d350abc72171" box="[151,333,381,403]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Cepaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="eversa">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB02A131DFF020277FF1EB98B" box="[151,228,382,403]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">Cepaea</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB02A131DFE9E0277FEB7B98B" box="[267,333,382,403]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">eversa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation id="D94F730EB02A131DFECF0274FDC8B98B" author="Salvador" box="[346,562,381,403]" page="162" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" year="2013">
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB02A131DFECF0274FDF9B98B" author="Salvador" box="[346,515,381,403]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" refString="Salvador, R. B. (2013 b) The fossil pulmonate snails of Sandelzhausen (Early / Middle Miocene, Germany): Succineidae, Testacelloidea and Helicoidea. Zootaxa, 3721 (2), 157 - 171. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3721.2.3" type="journal article" year="2013" yearSuffix="b">
<collectingCountry id="20F9158FB02A131DFECF0274FE4CB98B" box="[346,438,381,403]" name="El Salvador" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">Salvador</collectingCountry>
, 2013b
</bibRefCitation>
: 162
</treatmentCitation>
(figs. 10–13).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10F40694B02A131DFF0202B6FD11B9C0" box="[151,747,447,472]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5851551FB02A131DFF0202B6FD11B9C0" blockId="6.[151,1437,447,941]" box="[151,747,447,472]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB02A131DFF0202B6FE7AB9C0" bold="true" box="[151,384,447,472]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="3EFFCDDAB02A131DFE1202C9FE37B9C0" box="[391,461,448,472]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/r9n2-w98n" name="Bayerische Staatssammlung fuer Palaeontologie und Geologie" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">BSPG</collectionCode>
1952 XVIII 8 (19 spcm.)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10F40694B02A131DFF5202EDFC79BA70" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" type="description">
<paragraph id="5851551FB02A131DFF5202EDFC79BA70" blockId="6.[151,1437,447,941]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB02A131DFF5202EDFEA3B9E5" bold="true" box="[199,345,484,509]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">Description.</emphasis>
Shell large, 4½ to 4¾ whorls. Protoconch flattened, smooth; transition to teleoconch unclear. Teleoconch smooth, except for growth lines. Suture well-marked. Whorl profile flat on first whorls. Body whorl rounded, slightly bent downwards near aperture. Aperture prosocline, rounded. Peristome reflexed; slightly thickened on basal and columellar regions. Umbilicus imperforate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10F40694B02A131DFF52017DFB27BA95" box="[199,1245,628,653]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5851551FB02A131DFF52017DFB27BA95" blockId="6.[151,1437,447,941]" box="[199,1245,628,653]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB02A131DFF52017DFD68BA95" bold="true" box="[199,658,628,653]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">Previous identification of the material.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB02A131DFD0C017DFC89BA95" author="Gall" box="[665,883,628,653]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" refString="Gall, H. (1980) Eine Gastropodenfauna aus dem Landshuter Schotter der Oberen Sußwassermolasse (Westliche Paratethys, Badenien) von Gundlkofen / Niederbayern. Mitteilungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung fur Palaontologie und historische Geologie, 20, 51 - 77." type="journal article" year="1980">Gall (1980: Nr. 15)</bibRefCitation>
:
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB02A131DFCEB017CFB23BA95" authority="Boissy" authorityName="Boissy" box="[894,1241,628,653]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Cepaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="eversa" subSpecies="larteti">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB02A131DFCEB017CFB95BA95" box="[894,1135,628,653]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">Cepaea eversa larteti</emphasis>
(Boissy)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10F40694B02A131DFF52019EFD9EBBB5" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="5851551FB02A131DFF52019EFAA3BB7C" blockId="6.[151,1437,447,941]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB02A131DFF52019EFEB6BAA8" bold="true" box="[199,332,663,688]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">Discussion.</emphasis>
The present specimens from Sandelzhausen compare reasonably well with
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB02A131DFB390191FAE2BAA8" box="[1196,1304,664,688]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Cepaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="eversa">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB02A131DFB390191FAE2BAA8" box="[1196,1304,664,688]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">C. eversa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and can be differentiated from the specimens of
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB02A131DFDD501B4FC71BACD" authority="Schlotheim" authorityName="Schlotheim" box="[576,907,700,725]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Cepaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sylvestrina">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB02A131DFDD501B4FDA0BACC" box="[576,602,701,724]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">C.</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB02A131DFD1C01B5FCF8BACD" box="[649,770,700,725]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">sylvestrina</emphasis>
Schlotheim
</taxonomicName>
(see below) by a larger size, a higher spire, a rounder aperture and one quarter to one half additional whorl. Nevertheless, the specimens of
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB02A131DFB7901E9FAA0BAE0" box="[1260,1370,736,760]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Cepaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="eversa">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB02A131DFB7901E9FAA0BAE0" box="[1260,1370,736,760]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">C. eversa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Gündlkofen are always larger, also with half whorl more, than typical specimens. Nevertheless, as common in the genus,
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB02A131DFF7F0021FEADBB58" box="[234,343,808,832]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Cepaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="eversa">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB02A131DFF7F0021FEADBB58" box="[234,343,808,832]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">C. eversa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seems to be a very variable species regarding shell morphology (
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB02A131DFBC90021FABABB58" author="Hir" box="[1116,1344,807,832]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" refString="Hir, J. &amp; Kokay, J. (2004) Middle Miocene molluscs and rodents from Matraszolos (Matra Mountains, Hungary). Fragmenta Palaeontologica Hungarica, 22, 83 - 97." type="journal article" year="2004">Hír &amp; Kókay 2004</bibRefCitation>
). It is a frequent species in Middle Miocene (MN 5–7) deposits of Central and Western Europe (
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB02A131DFBE10045FAB7BB7C" author="Hir" box="[1140,1357,844,869]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" refString="Hir, J. &amp; Kokay, J. (2004) Middle Miocene molluscs and rodents from Matraszolos (Matra Mountains, Hungary). Fragmenta Palaeontologica Hungarica, 22, 83 - 97." type="journal article" year="2004">Hír &amp; Kókay 2004</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5851551FB02A131DFF520066FD9EBBB5" blockId="6.[151,1437,447,941]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB02A131DFF520066FE09BB90" bold="true" box="[199,499,879,904]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">Paleoecological remarks.</emphasis>
Recent
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB02A131DFDC00079FD50BB9F" box="[597,682,880,903]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Cepaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB02A131DFDC00079FD50BB9F" box="[597,682,880,903]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">Cepaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have too broad a range of habitats (
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB02A131DFBC20066FAB5BB90" author="Welter-Schultes" box="[1111,1359,879,904]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" refString="Welter-Schultes, F. (2012) European Non-marine Molluscs, a Guide for Species Identification. Planet Poster Editions, Gottingen, 679 + 78 pp." type="book" year="2012">Welter-Schultes 2012</bibRefCitation>
) to be useful for a paleoenvironmental analysis.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

85
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<heading bold="true" box="[151,283,1823,1850]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" reason="1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,283,1823,1850]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">
<taxonomicName box="[151,241,1823,1849]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Cepaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,241,1823,1849]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">Cepaea</emphasis>
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sp.
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<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1436,1894,2027]" box="[151,748,1894,1919]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,384,1894,1919]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectionCode box="[391,461,1895,1919]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/r9n2-w98n" name="Bayerische Staatssammlung fuer Palaeontologie und Geologie" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">BSPG</collectionCode>
<number box="[468,523,1894,1919]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" value="1952.0">1952</number>
XVIII
<number box="[599,627,1895,1919]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" value="19.0">19</number>
(
<number box="[643,658,1895,1919]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" value="4.0">4</number>
spcm.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1436,1894,2027]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,658,1930,1955]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">Previous identification of the material.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Gall" box="[665,884,1930,1955]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" refString="Gall, H. (1980) Eine Gastropodenfauna aus dem Landshuter Schotter der Oberen Sußwassermolasse (Westliche Paratethys, Badenien) von Gundlkofen / Niederbayern. Mitteilungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung fur Palaontologie und historische Geologie, 20, 51 - 77." type="journal article" year="1980">
Gall (
<number box="[728,789,1931,1955]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" value="1980.0">1980</number>
: Nr.
<number box="[842,873,1931,1955]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" value="17.0">17</number>
)
</bibRefCitation>
:
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<emphasis box="[894,980,1931,1954]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">Cepaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,332,1966,1991]" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">Discussion.</emphasis>
These few protoconch and spire top fragments cannot be confidently assigned to any particular species of
<taxonomicName box="[269,355,2003,2026]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Cepaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="277" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[269,355,2003,2026]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="277">Cepaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
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170
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6138834" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119421765" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6138834" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D047E409B02B1313FF0205B5FE27B9B4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D047E409B02B1313FF0205B5FE27B9B4" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="279" pageId="7" pageNumber="278">
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<paragraph blockId="7.[151,265,1724,1784]" box="[151,265,1724,1749]" pageId="7" pageNumber="278">
<heading bold="true" box="[151,265,1724,1749]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="278" reason="2">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,265,1724,1749]" pageId="7" pageNumber="278">
<taxonomicName box="[151,226,1724,1749]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limacidae" genus="Limax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="278" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,226,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="278">Limax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,265,1724,1784]" box="[151,248,1759,1784]" pageId="7" pageNumber="278">
(
<figureCitation box="[159,241,1759,1784]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1888,1910]" captionText="FIGURE 21. Limax sp. (BSPG 1952 XVIII 3; H = 5.9 mm, D = 3.7 mm)." pageId="7" pageNumber="278">
Fig.
<number box="[212,241,1760,1784]" pageId="7" pageNumber="278" value="21.0">21</number>
</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[151,1071,1831,1856]" pageId="7" pageNumber="278" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1436,1831,2037]" box="[151,1071,1831,1856]" pageId="7" pageNumber="278">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,384,1831,1856]" pageId="7" pageNumber="278">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectionCode box="[391,461,1832,1856]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/r9n2-w98n" name="Bayerische Staatssammlung fuer Palaeontologie und Geologie" pageId="7" pageNumber="278">BSPG</collectionCode>
<number box="[468,524,1831,1856]" pageId="7" pageNumber="278" value="1952.0">1952</number>
XVIII
<number box="[606,620,1832,1856]" pageId="7" pageNumber="278" value="3.0">3</number>
(
<number box="[636,664,1831,1856]" pageId="7" pageNumber="278" value="15.0">15</number>
spcm.),
<number box="[761,789,1832,1856]" pageId="7" pageNumber="278" value="39.0">39</number>
(
<number box="[805,834,1832,1856]" pageId="7" pageNumber="278" value="19.0">19</number>
spcm),
<number box="[923,951,1832,1856]" pageId="7" pageNumber="278" value="40.0">40</number>
(
<number box="[967,982,1832,1856]" pageId="7" pageNumber="278" value="7.0">7</number>
spcm.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="278" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1436,1831,2037]" pageId="7" pageNumber="278">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,345,1868,1893]" pageId="7" pageNumber="278">Description.</emphasis>
Shell small, vestigial, oval; shell width ~
<number box="[842,856,1868,1892]" pageId="7" pageNumber="278" value="2.0">2</number>
/
<number box="[866,878,1868,1892]" pageId="7" pageNumber="278" value="3.0">3</number>
length. Nucleus slightly bent laterally; nucleus region higher than remainder of shell. Shell with marked concentric growth lines.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="278" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1436,1831,2037]" pageId="7" pageNumber="278">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,667,1940,1965]" pageId="7" pageNumber="278">Previous identification of the material.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Gall" box="[676,990,1940,1965]" pageId="7" pageNumber="278" refString="Gall, H. (1980) Eine Gastropodenfauna aus dem Landshuter Schotter der Oberen Sußwassermolasse (Westliche Paratethys, Badenien) von Gundlkofen / Niederbayern. Mitteilungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung fur Palaontologie und historische Geologie, 20, 51 - 77." type="journal article" year="1980">
Gall (
<number box="[742,803,1940,1964]" pageId="7" pageNumber="278" value="1980.0">1980</number>
: Nr. 6, 7 and
<number box="[963,979,1940,1964]" pageId="7" pageNumber="278" value="8.0">8</number>
)
</bibRefCitation>
: respectively,
<taxonomicName box="[1153,1223,1941,1964]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limacidae" genus="Limax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="278" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1153,1223,1941,1964]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="278">Limax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.,
<taxonomicName box="[1280,1345,1940,1965]" class="Gastropoda" family="Milacidae" genus="Milax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="278" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1280,1345,1940,1965]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="278">Milax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. and
<taxonomicName box="[151,282,1976,2001]" class="Gastropoda" family="Parmacellidae" genus="Parmacella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="278" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[151,282,1976,2001]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="278">Parmacella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="279" pageId="7" pageNumber="278" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1436,1831,2037]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,429]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="279" pageId="7" pageNumber="278">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,332,2012,2037]" pageId="7" pageNumber="278">Discussion.</emphasis>
The shells of limacids are vestigial and internal and thus of very limited taxonomical value.
<collectingCountry box="[1405,1436,2012,2036]" name="American Samoa" pageId="7" pageNumber="278">As</collectingCountry>
such, the identification of the present material cannot proceed further than genus level. The genus
<taxonomicName box="[1256,1326,153,176]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limacidae" genus="Limax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="279" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1256,1326,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="279">Limax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known in Europe from the Late Oligocene onwards (Zilch
<date box="[726,857,188,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="279" value="1959" valueMax="1960">
<number box="[726,857,188,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="279" value="1959.5" valueMax="1960.0" valueMin="1959.0">1959–1960</number>
</date>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1437,151,429]" pageId="8" pageNumber="279">
<bibRefCitation author="Gall" box="[199,331,223,248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="279" refString="Gall, H. (1980) Eine Gastropodenfauna aus dem Landshuter Schotter der Oberen Sußwassermolasse (Westliche Paratethys, Badenien) von Gundlkofen / Niederbayern. Mitteilungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung fur Palaontologie und historische Geologie, 20, 51 - 77." type="journal article" year="1980">
Gall (
<number box="[265,323,224,248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="279" value="1980.0">1980</number>
)
</bibRefCitation>
identified some specimens as belonging to the genera
<taxonomicName authority="Cuvier" authorityName="Cuvier" box="[969,1186,223,248]" class="Gastropoda" family="Parmacellidae" genus="Parmacella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="279" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[969,1100,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="279">Parmacella</emphasis>
Cuvier
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authority="Grey. The" authorityName="Grey. The" box="[1246,1436,223,248]" class="Gastropoda" family="Milacidae" genus="Milax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="279" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1246,1312,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="279">Milax</emphasis>
Grey. The
</taxonomicName>
shell of
<taxonomicName box="[246,377,260,285]" class="Gastropoda" family="Parmacellidae" genus="Parmacella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="279" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[246,377,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="279">Parmacella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
slugs are also vestigial, but exhibit a very characteristic inflated and prominent protoconch. This diagnostic feature is not present in the specimens from Gündlkofen. The shells of
<taxonomicName box="[1178,1244,295,320]" class="Gastropoda" family="Milacidae" genus="Milax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="279" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1178,1244,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="279">Milax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are inflated and markedly convex, with a central elevated nucleus, features that cannot be seen in the present specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1437,151,429]" pageId="8" pageNumber="279">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,498,367,392]" pageId="8" pageNumber="279">Paleoecological remarks.</emphasis>
Recent
<taxonomicName box="[595,665,369,392]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limacidae" genus="Limax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="279" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[595,665,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="279">Limax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species occupy a variety of habitats, but usually live in damp leaf litter (
<bibRefCitation author="Welter-Schultes" box="[218,465,404,429]" pageId="8" pageNumber="279" refString="Welter-Schultes, F. (2012) European Non-marine Molluscs, a Guide for Species Identification. Planet Poster Editions, Gottingen, 679 + 78 pp." type="book" year="2012">
Welter-Schultes
<number box="[404,465,404,428]" pageId="8" pageNumber="279" value="2012.0">2012</number>
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

186
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<paragraph id="5851551FB02D131AFF020577FD89BE8F" blockId="1.[151,627,1662,1723]" box="[151,627,1662,1687]" pageId="1" pageNumber="272">
<heading id="0319E273B02D131AFF020577FD89BE8F" bold="true" box="[151,627,1662,1687]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="272" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB02D131AFF020577FD89BE8F" authority="Sandberger, 1874" authorityName="Sandberger" authorityYear="1874" box="[151,627,1662,1687]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Pomatias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="1" pageNumber="272" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="consobrina">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB02D131AFF020577FD89BE8F" bold="true" box="[151,627,1662,1687]" pageId="1" pageNumber="272">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB02D131AFF020577FE70BE8F" bold="true" box="[151,394,1662,1687]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="272">Pomatias consobrina</emphasis>
(Sandberger, 1874)
</emphasis>
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</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5851551FB02D131AFF0205ABFEE8BEA3" blockId="1.[151,627,1662,1723]" box="[151,274,1698,1723]" pageId="1" pageNumber="272">
(
<figureCitation id="C0D5499AB02D131AFF0A05ABFF12BEA3" box="[159,232,1698,1723]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1398,1420]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pomatias consobrina (BSPG 1952 XVIII 17; H = 15.8 mm, D = 14.1 mm). FIGURE 2. Pomatias consobrina, operculum (BSPG 1952 XVIII 17; h = 7.3 mm, d = 6.3 mm). FIGURE 3. Bithynia sp., operculum (BSPG 1952 XVIII 18; h = 3.3 mm, d = 2.4 mm)." pageId="1" pageNumber="272">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
–2)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10F40694B02D131AFF0205E3FD0CBF63" pageId="1" pageNumber="272" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="5851551FB02D131AFF0205E3FC47BF18" blockId="1.[151,1435,1770,1915]" box="[151,957,1770,1792]" pageId="1" pageNumber="272">
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB02D131AFF0205E3FD70BF18" authority="Sandberger, 1874: 606" authorityName="Sandberger" authorityPageNumber="606" authorityYear="1874" box="[151,650,1770,1792]" class="Gastropoda" family="Assimineidae" genus="Cyclostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="1" pageNumber="272" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="consobrinum">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB02D131AFF0205E3FE62BF18" box="[151,408,1770,1792]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="272">Cyclostoma consobrinum</emphasis>
: Sandberger, 1874: 606
</taxonomicName>
(pl. 29, fig. 33a [non 33b–c]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5851551FB02D131AFF020403FEDDBF26" blockId="1.[151,1435,1770,1915]" pageId="1" pageNumber="272">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="78FE7231B02D131AFF020403FEDDBF26" pageId="1" pageNumber="272">
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB02D131AFF020403FDB0BF07" authority="Wenz, 1923: 1805" authorityName="Wenz" authorityPageNumber="1805" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,586,1801,1823]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Pomatias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="1" pageNumber="272" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="consobrinum">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB02D131AFF020403FE7BBF07" box="[151,385,1801,1823]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="272">Pomatias consobrinum</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="D94F730EB02D131AFE1A0403FDB0BF07" author="Wenz" box="[399,586,1801,1823]" page="1805" pageId="1" pageNumber="272" year="1923">
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: 1805
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="D94F730EB02D131AFDC30400FCF7BF07" author="Schutt" box="[598,781,1801,1823]" page="201" pageId="1" pageNumber="272" year="1967">
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: 201
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="D94F730EB02D131AFC820400FC27BF07" author="Schlickum" box="[791,989,1801,1823]" page="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="272" year="1976">
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: 2
</treatmentCitation>
(pl. 1, fig. 1);
<treatmentCitation id="D94F730EB02D131AFBE60400FAF2BF07" author="Gall" box="[1139,1288,1801,1823]" page="67" pageId="1" pageNumber="272" year="1980">
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB02D131AFBE60400FB1BBF07" author="Gall" box="[1139,1249,1801,1823]" pageId="1" pageNumber="272" refString="Gall, H. (1980) Eine Gastropodenfauna aus dem Landshuter Schotter der Oberen Sußwassermolasse (Westliche Paratethys, Badenien) von Gundlkofen / Niederbayern. Mitteilungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung fur Palaontologie und historische Geologie, 20, 51 - 77." type="journal article" year="1980">Gall, 1980</bibRefCitation>
: 67
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="D94F730EB02D131AFA860400FED9BF26" author="Stworzewicz" page="26" pageId="1" pageNumber="272" year="1995">
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB02D131AFA860400FF07BF26" author="Stworzewicz" pageId="1" pageNumber="272" refString="Stworzewicz, E. (1995) Miocene land snails from Belchatow (Central Poland), I. Cyclophoridae, Pomatiasidae (Gastropoda Prosobranchia). Palaontologische Zeitschrift, 69 (1 / 2), 19 - 30. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 02985971" type="journal article" year="1995">Stworzewicz, 1995</bibRefCitation>
: 26
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5851551FB02D131AFF020441FE45BF44" blockId="1.[151,1435,1770,1915]" box="[151,447,1862,1885]" pageId="1" pageNumber="272">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="78FE7231B02D131AFF020441FE45BF44" box="[151,447,1862,1885]" pageId="1" pageNumber="272">
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB02D131AFF020441FF0DBF45" ID-CoL="87H3Y" box="[151,247,1864,1885]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Pomatias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="1" pageNumber="272" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB02D131AFF020441FF0DBF45" box="[151,247,1864,1885]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="272">Pomatias</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.:
<treatmentCitation id="D94F730EB02D131AFEB2044FFE41BF44" author="Gall" box="[295,443,1862,1884]" page="67" pageId="1" pageNumber="272" year="1980">
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB02D131AFEB2044FFE6CBF44" author="Gall" box="[295,406,1862,1884]" pageId="1" pageNumber="272" refString="Gall, H. (1980) Eine Gastropodenfauna aus dem Landshuter Schotter der Oberen Sußwassermolasse (Westliche Paratethys, Badenien) von Gundlkofen / Niederbayern. Mitteilungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung fur Palaontologie und historische Geologie, 20, 51 - 77." type="journal article" year="1980">Gall, 1980</bibRefCitation>
: 67
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5851551FB02D131AFF02046FFD0CBF63" blockId="1.[151,1435,1770,1915]" box="[151,758,1893,1915]" pageId="1" pageNumber="272">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="78FE7231B02D131AFF02046FFD0CBF63" box="[151,758,1893,1915]" pageId="1" pageNumber="272">
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB02D131AFF02046FFE7BBF63" box="[151,385,1893,1915]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Pomatias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="1" pageNumber="272" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="consorbinum">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB02D131AFF02046FFE7BBF63" box="[151,385,1893,1915]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="272">Pomatias consorbinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[sic]:
<treatmentCitation id="D94F730EB02D131AFE57046CFD93BF63" author="Kokay" box="[450,617,1893,1915]" page="34" pageId="1" pageNumber="272" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB02D131AFE57046CFDBCBF63" author="Kokay" box="[450,582,1893,1915]" pageId="1" pageNumber="272" refString="Kokay, J. (2006) Nonmarine mollusc fauna from the Lower and Middle Miocene, Bakony Mts, W Hungary. Geologica Hungarica, Series Palaeontologica, 56, 3 - 196." type="journal article" year="2006">Kókay, 2006</bibRefCitation>
: 34
</treatmentCitation>
(pl. 4, fig. 3).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10F40694B02D131AFF0204A1FBD7BFD8" box="[151,1069,1960,1985]" pageId="1" pageNumber="272" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5851551FB02D131AFF0204A1FBD7BFD8" blockId="1.[151,1437,1960,2021]" box="[151,1069,1960,1985]" pageId="1" pageNumber="272">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB02D131AFF0204A1FE7ABFD9" bold="true" box="[151,384,1960,1985]" pageId="1" pageNumber="272">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="3EFFCDDAB02D131AFE1204A1FE37BFD8" box="[391,461,1960,1984]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/r9n2-w98n" name="Bayerische Staatssammlung fuer Palaeontologie und Geologie" pageId="1" pageNumber="272">BSPG</collectionCode>
1952 XVIII 17 (14 spcm., 29 opercula), 44 (1 spcm.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10F40694B02D1319FF5204C5FB69B8E0" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="273" pageId="1" pageNumber="272" type="description">
<paragraph id="5851551FB02D131AFF5204C5FA67BFFD" blockId="1.[151,1437,1960,2021]" box="[199,1437,1996,2021]" pageId="1" pageNumber="272">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB02D131AFF5204C5FEA3BFFD" bold="true" box="[199,345,1996,2021]" pageId="1" pageNumber="272">Description.</emphasis>
Shell medium-sized, trochiform. Protoconch (~1½ whorl) smooth; transition to teleoconch clear.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5851551FB02E1319FF02039EFB69B8E0" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="273">Teleoconch sculpture reticulated, with stronger spiral ribs and weaker axial ribs; distance between spiral ribs equal to twice their width; distance between axial ribs roughly equal to their width. Whorl profile greatly convex; spire stepped. Suture deep. Aperture rounded. Umbilicus narrow. Operculum with spiral growth.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10F40694B02E1319FF52020DFE0AB927" pageId="2" pageNumber="273" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5851551FB02E1319FF52020DFE0AB927" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="273">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB02E1319FF52020DFD58B905" bold="true" box="[199,674,260,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="273">Previous identification of the material.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB02E1319FD38020DFC14B904" author="Gall" box="[685,1006,260,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="273" refString="Gall, H. (1980) Eine Gastropodenfauna aus dem Landshuter Schotter der Oberen Sußwassermolasse (Westliche Paratethys, Badenien) von Gundlkofen / Niederbayern. Mitteilungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung fur Palaontologie und historische Geologie, 20, 51 - 77." type="journal article" year="1980">Gall (1980: Nr. 32 and 33)</bibRefCitation>
: respectively,
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB02E1319FB00020CFED2B958" authority="Sandberger" authorityName="Sandberger" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Pomatias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="273" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="consobrinum">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB02E1319FB00020CFA66B905" box="[1173,1436,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="273">Pomatias consobrinum</emphasis>
(Sandberger)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB02E1319FECA0220FE33B958" box="[351,457,297,320]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Pomatias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="273" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB02E1319FECA0220FE33B958" box="[351,457,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="273">Pomatias</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10F40694B02E1319FF520245FE03B9EC" pageId="2" pageNumber="273" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="5851551FB02E1319FF520245FC45B9B5" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="273">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB02E1319FF520245FEB6B97D" bold="true" box="[199,332,332,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="273">Discussion.</emphasis>
The present specimens compare well with
<taxonomicName id="9FEE2E9CB02E1319FCD40244FC27B97D" box="[833,989,332,357]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Pomatias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="273" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="consobrina">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB02E1319FCD40244FC27B97D" box="[833,989,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="273">P. consobrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, being easily identified by its size and strong reticulate sculpture (
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB02E1319FE5D0266FD61B990" author="Stworzewicz" box="[456,667,367,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="273" refString="Stworzewicz, E. (1995) Miocene land snails from Belchatow (Central Poland), I. Cyclophoridae, Pomatiasidae (Gastropoda Prosobranchia). Palaontologische Zeitschrift, 69 (1 / 2), 19 - 30. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 02985971" type="journal article" year="1995">Stworzewicz 1995</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB02E1319FD320266FCCCB990" author="Kokay" box="[679,822,367,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="273" refString="Kokay, J. (2006) Nonmarine mollusc fauna from the Lower and Middle Miocene, Bakony Mts, W Hungary. Geologica Hungarica, Series Palaeontologica, 56, 3 - 196." type="journal article" year="2006">Kókay 2006</bibRefCitation>
). The species is known from the Middle Miocene (MN 5–8) of
<collectingCountry id="20F9158FB02E1319FF7A029DFEA2B9B4" box="[239,344,404,428]" name="Germany" pageId="2" pageNumber="273">Germany</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="20F9158FB02E1319FEF1029CFE3CB9B5" box="[356,454,405,429]" name="Hungary" pageId="2" pageNumber="273">Hungary</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="20F9158FB02E1319FE69029DFDB5B9B5" box="[508,591,404,429]" name="Austria" pageId="2" pageNumber="273">Austria</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB02E1319FDC8029DFCE3B9B5" author="Schlickum" box="[605,793,404,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="273" refString="Schlickum, W. R. (1976) Die in der pleistozan Gemeindekiesgrube von Zwiefaltendorf a. d. Donau Abgelagerte Molluskenfauna der Silvanaschichten. Archiv fur Molluskenkunde, 107, 1 - 31." type="journal article" year="1976">Schlickum 1976</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB02E1319FCB1029DFC49B9B5" author="Kokay" box="[804,947,404,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="273" refString="Kokay, J. (2006) Nonmarine mollusc fauna from the Lower and Middle Miocene, Bakony Mts, W Hungary. Geologica Hungarica, Series Palaeontologica, 56, 3 - 196." type="journal article" year="2006">Kókay 2006</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5851551FB02E1319FF5202BEFE03B9EC" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="273">
<emphasis id="6A9A890DB02E1319FF5202BEFE0BB9C8" bold="true" box="[199,497,439,464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="273">Paleoecological remarks.</emphasis>
Recent species live in forests or shrublands, with more humid soil where they can burrow (
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F28EEB02E1319FF6302D5FE14B9EC" author="Welter-Schultes" box="[246,494,476,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="273" refString="Welter-Schultes, F. (2012) European Non-marine Molluscs, a Guide for Species Identification. Planet Poster Editions, Gottingen, 679 + 78 pp." type="book" year="2012">Welter-Schultes 2012</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

120
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<paragraph blockId="2.[151,298,1556,1616]" box="[151,298,1556,1581]" pageId="2" pageNumber="273">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,298,1556,1581]" pageId="2" pageNumber="273">
<taxonomicName box="[151,259,1556,1581]" class="Gastropoda" family="Planorbidae" genus="Gyraulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hygrophila" pageId="2" pageNumber="273" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,259,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="273">Gyraulus</emphasis>
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sp.
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<paragraph blockId="2.[151,298,1556,1616]" box="[151,274,1591,1616]" pageId="2" pageNumber="273">
(Figs.
<number box="[222,266,1591,1616]" pageId="2" pageNumber="273" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5</number>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[151,755,1663,1688]" pageId="2" pageNumber="273" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="2.[151,1436,1663,2013]" box="[151,755,1663,1688]" pageId="2" pageNumber="273">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,384,1663,1688]" pageId="2" pageNumber="273">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectionCode box="[391,461,1664,1688]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/r9n2-w98n" name="Bayerische Staatssammlung fuer Palaeontologie und Geologie" pageId="2" pageNumber="273">BSPG</collectionCode>
<number box="[468,524,1663,1688]" pageId="2" pageNumber="273" value="1952.0">1952</number>
XVIII
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(
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spcm.).
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="273" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="2.[151,1436,1663,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="273">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,345,1700,1725]" pageId="2" pageNumber="273">Description.</emphasis>
Shell diminutive, pseudodextral, planispiral. Protoconch flattened; transition to teleoconch unclear. Teleoconch smooth, except for well-marked growth lines. Spire depressed. Suture very deep. Whorls rapidly growing. Whorl profile asymmetrical, with faint keel on lower portion of whorl. Aperture large, rounded.
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="273" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="2.[151,1436,1663,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="273">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,676,1807,1832]" pageId="2" pageNumber="273">Previous identification of the material.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Gall" box="[687,919,1807,1832]" pageId="2" pageNumber="273" refString="Gall, H. (1980) Eine Gastropodenfauna aus dem Landshuter Schotter der Oberen Sußwassermolasse (Westliche Paratethys, Badenien) von Gundlkofen / Niederbayern. Mitteilungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung fur Palaontologie und historische Geologie, 20, 51 - 77." type="journal article" year="1980">
Gall (
<number box="[755,816,1808,1832]" pageId="2" pageNumber="273" value="1980.0">1980</number>
: Nr.
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)
</bibRefCitation>
:
<taxonomicName box="[934,1322,1807,1832]" class="Gastropoda" family="Planorbidae" genus="Gyraulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hygrophila" pageId="2" pageNumber="273" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Trochiformis" subGenus="Gyraulus">
<emphasis box="[934,1322,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="273">Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cf.
<emphasis box="[1374,1436,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="273">kleini</emphasis>
(Gottschick &amp; Wenz).
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</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="274" pageId="2" pageNumber="273" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="2.[151,1436,1663,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="273">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,332,1879,1904]" pageId="2" pageNumber="273">Discussion.</emphasis>
The single specimen from Gündlkofen is a juvenile and, due to its poor preservation (lacking protoconch sculpture) and the known conchological variation in the genus (
<bibRefCitation author="Meier-Brook" box="[1042,1261,1916,1941]" pageId="2" pageNumber="273" refString="Meier-Brook, C. (1983) Taxonomic studies on Gyraulus (Gastropoda: Planorbidae). Malacologia, 24 (1 / 2), 1 - 113." type="journal article" year="1983">
Meier-Brook
<number box="[1202,1261,1916,1940]" pageId="2" pageNumber="273" value="1983.0">1983</number>
</bibRefCitation>
; Rasser
<number box="[1363,1423,1916,1940]" pageId="2" pageNumber="273" value="2013.0">2013</number>
), classification beyond genus level is presently not possible.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,501,1988,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="273">Paleoecological remarks.</emphasis>
Recent
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<emphasis box="[602,706,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="273">Gyraulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are found in various habitats, so their use in paleoecological analysis is limited; still, they usually thrive in richly vegetated, shallow standing or slow-flowing waters, sometimes even temporary water bodies (
<bibRefCitation author="Welter-Schultes" box="[616,864,188,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="274" refString="Welter-Schultes, F. (2012) European Non-marine Molluscs, a Guide for Species Identification. Planet Poster Editions, Gottingen, 679 + 78 pp." type="book" year="2012">
Welter-Schultes
<number box="[803,864,188,212]" pageId="3" pageNumber="274" value="2012.0">2012</number>
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).
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106
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6138814" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119421777" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6138814" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D047E409B02E1319FF020016FC4FBC40" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D047E409B02E1319FF020016FC4FBC40" lastPageNumber="273" pageId="2" pageNumber="273">
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="273" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="2.[151,291,799,861]" box="[151,291,799,824]" pageId="2" pageNumber="273">
<heading bold="true" box="[151,291,799,824]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="273" reason="2">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,291,799,824]" pageId="2" pageNumber="273">
<taxonomicName box="[151,251,799,824]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bithyniidae" genus="Bithynia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="273" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,251,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="273">Bithynia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="2.[151,291,799,861]" box="[151,235,836,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="273">
(Fig.
<number box="[212,226,836,860]" pageId="2" pageNumber="273" value="3.0">3</number>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="273" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="2.[151,1436,908,1112]" box="[151,786,908,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="273">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,384,908,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="273">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectionCode box="[391,461,908,932]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/r9n2-w98n" name="Bayerische Staatssammlung fuer Palaeontologie und Geologie" pageId="2" pageNumber="273">BSPG</collectionCode>
<number box="[468,524,908,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="273" value="1952.0">1952</number>
XVIII
<number box="[606,634,908,932]" pageId="2" pageNumber="273" value="18.0">18</number>
(
<number box="[651,665,908,932]" pageId="2" pageNumber="273" value="3.0">3</number>
opercula).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="2.[151,1436,908,1112]" pageId="2" pageNumber="273">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,658,943,968]" pageId="2" pageNumber="273">Previous identification of the material.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Gall" box="[665,884,943,968]" pageId="2" pageNumber="273" refString="Gall, H. (1980) Eine Gastropodenfauna aus dem Landshuter Schotter der Oberen Sußwassermolasse (Westliche Paratethys, Badenien) von Gundlkofen / Niederbayern. Mitteilungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung fur Palaontologie und historische Geologie, 20, 51 - 77." type="journal article" year="1980">
Gall (
<number box="[728,789,944,968]" pageId="2" pageNumber="273" value="1980.0">1980</number>
: Nr.
<number box="[842,874,944,968]" pageId="2" pageNumber="273" value="34.0">34</number>
)
</bibRefCitation>
:
<emphasis box="[894,1109,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="273">
<taxonomicName box="[894,989,943,968]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bithyniidae" genus="Bithynia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="273" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Bithynia</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName box="[1004,1101,943,968]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bithyniidae" genus="Bithynia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="273" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Bithynia</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis box="[1152,1227,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="273">glabra</emphasis>
(Zieten).
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,332,980,1005]" pageId="2" pageNumber="273">Discussion.</emphasis>
The only fossils of this genus in the material from Gündlkofen are opercula; their overall shape and concentric growth pattern indicate the genus
<taxonomicName box="[702,797,1015,1040]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bithyniidae" genus="Bithynia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="273" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[702,797,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="273">Bithynia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but identification at species level is impossible.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,498,1052,1077]" pageId="2" pageNumber="273">Paleoecological remarks.</emphasis>
Recent
<taxonomicName box="[594,689,1052,1077]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bithyniidae" genus="Bithynia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="273" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[594,689,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="273">Bithynia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species live in richly vegetated slow moving or standing waters, some are also found in temporary water bodies (
<bibRefCitation author="Welter-Schultes" box="[690,937,1087,1112]" pageId="2" pageNumber="273" refString="Welter-Schultes, F. (2012) European Non-marine Molluscs, a Guide for Species Identification. Planet Poster Editions, Gottingen, 679 + 78 pp." type="book" year="2012">
Welter-Schultes
<number box="[876,937,1088,1112]" pageId="2" pageNumber="273" value="2012.0">2012</number>
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

216
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@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
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<mods:title>The fossil land and freshwater snails of Gündlkofen (Middle Miocene, Germany)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Salvador, Rodrigo B.</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph blockId="3.[151,367,511,573]" box="[151,367,511,536]" pageId="3" pageNumber="274">
<heading bold="true" box="[151,367,511,536]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="274" reason="2">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,367,511,536]" pageId="3" pageNumber="274">
<taxonomicName box="[151,293,511,536]" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="274" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Clausiliidae</taxonomicName>
indet.
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,367,511,573]" box="[151,273,548,573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="274">
(Figs.
<number box="[222,266,548,573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="274" value="7.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="6.0">6–8</number>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="274" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1436,620,1437]" box="[151,910,620,645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="274">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,384,620,645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="274">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectionCode box="[391,461,620,644]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/r9n2-w98n" name="Bayerische Staatssammlung fuer Palaeontologie und Geologie" pageId="3" pageNumber="274">BSPG</collectionCode>
<number box="[468,524,620,645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="274" value="1952.0">1952</number>
XVIII
<number box="[606,634,620,645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="274" value="36.0">36</number>
(
<number box="[653,665,620,644]" pageId="3" pageNumber="274" value="1.0">1</number>
spcm.),
<number box="[761,789,620,644]" pageId="3" pageNumber="274" value="37.0">37</number>
(
<number box="[805,820,620,645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="274" value="6.0">6</number>
spcm.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1436,620,1437]" pageId="3" pageNumber="274">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,664,655,680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="274">Previous identification of the material.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Gall" box="[673,982,655,680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="274" refString="Gall, H. (1980) Eine Gastropodenfauna aus dem Landshuter Schotter der Oberen Sußwassermolasse (Westliche Paratethys, Badenien) von Gundlkofen / Niederbayern. Mitteilungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung fur Palaontologie und historische Geologie, 20, 51 - 77." type="journal article" year="1980">
Gall (
<number box="[738,799,656,680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="274" value="1980.0">1980</number>
: Nr.
<number box="[854,882,656,680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="274" value="19.0">19</number>
and
<number box="[940,973,656,680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="274" value="20.0">20</number>
)
</bibRefCitation>
: respectively,
<emphasis box="[1143,1436,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="274">
Pseudidyla
<taxonomicName authority="Boettger" authorityName="Boettger" box="[1276,1436,657,680]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Pomatias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="274" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Moersingensis">moersingensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(Boettger) and
<taxonomicName box="[320,454,692,717]" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="274" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Clausiliidae</taxonomicName>
gen. et sp. indet.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="274" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1436,620,1437]" pageId="3" pageNumber="274">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,332,727,752]" pageId="3" pageNumber="274">Discussion.</emphasis>
Due to the very fragmentary nature of the present specimens, a more precise identification is not feasible. Nevertheless, it should be noted that there are two distinct morphs of spire tops: one larger, with higher whorls (Fig.
<number box="[295,311,799,824]" pageId="3" pageNumber="274" value="6.0">6</number>
), and one smaller, with the whorls more closely packed together and growing more quickly in width (
<figureCitation box="[159,233,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1551,1573]" captionText="FIGURE 7. Clausiliidae indet., spire fragment (BSPG 1952 XVIII 37; H = 2.3 mm)." pageId="3" pageNumber="274">
Fig.
<number box="[217,233,836,860]" pageId="3" pageNumber="274" value="7.0">7</number>
</figureCitation>
). There is also a single apertural fragment (
<figureCitation box="[764,836,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1582,1604]" captionText="FIGURE 8. Clausiliidae indet. (possibly Pseudidyla), aperture fragment (BSPG 1952 XVIII 36; h = 2.3 mm, d = 1.3 mm). FIGURE 9. Triptychia sp. (BSPG 1952 XVIII 53; H = 10.2 mm, D = 5.1 mm)." pageId="3" pageNumber="274">
Fig.
<number box="[822,836,836,860]" pageId="3" pageNumber="274" value="8.0">8</number>
</figureCitation>
) that was identified by
<bibRefCitation author="Gall" box="[1128,1263,836,861]" pageId="3" pageNumber="274" refString="Gall, H. (1980) Eine Gastropodenfauna aus dem Landshuter Schotter der Oberen Sußwassermolasse (Westliche Paratethys, Badenien) von Gundlkofen / Niederbayern. Mitteilungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung fur Palaontologie und historische Geologie, 20, 51 - 77." type="journal article" year="1980">
Gall (
<number box="[1197,1255,836,860]" pageId="3" pageNumber="274" value="1980.0">1980</number>
)
</bibRefCitation>
as
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="274">
Pseudidyla
<taxonomicName authority="Boettger" authorityName="Boettger" box="[151,311,873,896]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Pomatias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="274" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Moersingensis">moersingensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(Boettger), a species known from the Middle to Late Miocene of
<collectingCountry box="[1041,1145,872,896]" name="Germany" pageId="3" pageNumber="274">Germany</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Nordsieck" box="[1158,1352,871,896]" pageId="3" pageNumber="274" refString="Nordsieck, H. (1981 a) Fossile Clausilien, V. Neue Taxa neogener europaischer Clausilien, II. Archiv fur Molluskenkunde, 111 (1 / 3), 63 - 95." type="journal article" year="1981" yearSuffix="a">
Nordsieck
<number box="[1282,1340,872,896]" pageId="3" pageNumber="274" value="1981.0">1981</number>
a
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Nordsieck" box="[1363,1423,872,896]" pageId="3" pageNumber="274" refString="Nordsieck, H. (1982) Zur Stratigraphie der neogenen Fundstellen der Clausilidae und Triptychiidae Mittel- und Westeuropas (Stylommatophora, Gastropoda). Mitteilungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung fur Palaontologie und historische Geologie, 22, 137 - 155." type="journal article" year="1982">
<number box="[1363,1423,872,896]" pageId="3" pageNumber="274" value="1982.0">1982</number>
</bibRefCitation>
). Its overall shape and dentition seem to indicate the genus
<emphasis box="[808,932,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="274">Pseudidyla</emphasis>
(Boettger
<number box="[1054,1114,908,932]" pageId="3" pageNumber="274" value="1877.0">1877</number>
), but due to the fragmentary nature of the present specimens, it is impossible to safely assign them to
<taxonomicName box="[966,1153,945,968]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiidae" genus="Pomatias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="274" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Moersingensis">
<emphasis box="[966,1153,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="274">P. moersingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1436,620,1437]" pageId="3" pageNumber="274">
Moreover,
<bibRefCitation author="Gall" box="[322,538,980,1005]" pageId="3" pageNumber="274" refString="Gall, H. (1980) Eine Gastropodenfauna aus dem Landshuter Schotter der Oberen Sußwassermolasse (Westliche Paratethys, Badenien) von Gundlkofen / Niederbayern. Mitteilungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung fur Palaontologie und historische Geologie, 20, 51 - 77." type="journal article" year="1980">
Gall (
<number box="[386,447,980,1004]" pageId="3" pageNumber="274" value="1980.0">1980</number>
: Nr.
<number box="[501,529,980,1004]" pageId="3" pageNumber="274" value="18.0">18</number>
)
</bibRefCitation>
also lists another clausiliid,
<taxonomicName authority="Boettger" authorityName="Boettger" box="[858,1243,980,1005]" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Serrulina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="274" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Ptycholarynx">
<emphasis box="[858,1117,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="274">Serrulina ptycholarynx</emphasis>
(Boettger)
</taxonomicName>
, for Gündlkofen; however, as explained above, the lot unfortunately could not be found at the
<collectionCode box="[1021,1091,1016,1040]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/r9n2-w98n" name="Bayerische Staatssammlung fuer Palaeontologie und Geologie" pageId="3" pageNumber="274">BSPG</collectionCode>
collection. It should be noted, however, that
<bibRefCitation author="Nordsieck" box="[314,527,1052,1077]" pageId="3" pageNumber="274" refString="Nordsieck, H. (1981 b) Fossile Clausilien, VI. Die posteozanen tertiaren Clausilien Mittel- und Westeuropas. Archiv fur Molluskenkunde, 111 (1 / 3), 97 - 115." type="journal article" year="1981" yearSuffix="b">
Nordsieck (
<number box="[447,504,1052,1077]" pageId="3" pageNumber="274" value="1981.0">1981</number>
b)
</bibRefCitation>
classified Gall’s
<taxonomicName box="[728,905,1052,1077]" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Serrulina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="274" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Ptycholarynx">
<emphasis box="[728,905,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="274">S. ptycholarynx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a new subspecies,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="274">
Serrulastra
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Serrulina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="274" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Ptycholarynx" subGenus="Serruplica">(Serruplica) ptycholarynx</taxonomicName>
galli
</emphasis>
Nordsieck, and figures the
<typeStatus box="[667,765,1087,1112]" pageId="3" pageNumber="274">holotype</typeStatus>
(pl.
<number box="[817,833,1088,1112]" pageId="3" pageNumber="274" value="8.0">8</number>
, fig.
<number box="[891,921,1088,1112]" pageId="3" pageNumber="274" value="18.0">18</number>
), which consists in a fragmentary body whorl with an intact aperture. The shell sculpture, aperture shape and dentition is congruent with the group of genera
<emphasis box="[151,279,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="274">Serrulastra</emphasis>
Nordsieck,
<taxonomicName authority="Mousson and Serrulella Nordsieck" authorityName="Mousson and Serrulella Nordsieck" box="[427,956,1159,1184]" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Serrulina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="274" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[427,533,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="274">Serrulina</emphasis>
Mousson and
<emphasis box="[716,828,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="274">Serrulella</emphasis>
Nordsieck
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis box="[969,991,1161,1184]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="274">in</emphasis>
Zilch. The distinction between these genera, (and their myriad of subgenera, species and subspecies) is very tenuous and classification of fragmentary fossil material is thus further complicated.
<collectingCountry box="[630,661,1232,1256]" name="American Samoa" pageId="3" pageNumber="274">As</collectingCountry>
such, the validity of this subspecies should be taken carefully.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1436,620,1437]" pageId="3" pageNumber="274">
Finally, the only thing that can be safely said about the clausiliids from Gündlkofen is that they represent two species, one probably belonging to the genus
<emphasis box="[674,799,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="274">Pseudidyla</emphasis>
and the other to
<emphasis box="[996,1124,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="274">Serrulastra</emphasis>
or
<taxonomicName box="[1165,1271,1303,1328]" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Serrulina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="274" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1165,1271,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="274">Serrulina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and likely the species
<taxonomicName box="[239,413,1340,1365]" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Serrulina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="274" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Ptycholarynx">
<emphasis box="[239,413,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="274">S. ptycholarynx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1436,620,1437]" pageId="3" pageNumber="274">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,497,1375,1400]" pageId="3" pageNumber="274">Paleoecological remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Nordsieck" box="[506,704,1375,1400]" pageId="3" pageNumber="274" refString="Nordsieck, H. (2007) Worldwide Door Snails (Clausiliidae), Recent and Fossil. ConchBooks, Hackenheim, 214 pp." type="book" year="2007">
Nordsieck (
<number box="[638,697,1376,1400]" pageId="3" pageNumber="274" value="2007.0">2007</number>
)
</bibRefCitation>
suggests that clausiliids up to the Middle Miocene were mostly wood-dwelling animals, preferring humid and warm environments.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>