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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.611.9058" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ded1c4ec-7600-49bf-8f39-d20eb6b00849" ID-PMC="PMC4992807" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-611-57" ID-PubMed="27594799" ID-ZBK="91F749DA0AFE41C69B4D626B147EA0DA" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-611-57" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 611" ModsDocTitle="Revisions of the genera Lurama Schaus, 1928 and Ulmara Schaus, 1928 (Lepidoptera, Mimallonoidea, Mimallonidae) with the descriptions of three new Ulmara species and a new genus" checkinTime="1471317591627" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="St. Laurent, Ryan A." docDate="2016" docId="D0176BB7F088387E3170F59727A5B6CA" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 611: 57-92" docOrigin="ZooKeys 611" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.611.9058" docTitle="Ulmara Schaus 1928" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="70" masterDocId="180EFFC04F09FFB5FFAEFF9DA6627021" masterDocTitle="Revisions of the genera Lurama Schaus, 1928 and Ulmara Schaus, 1928 (Lepidoptera, Mimallonoidea, Mimallonidae) with the descriptions of three new Ulmara species and a new genus" masterLastPageNumber="92" masterPageNumber="57" pageNumber="67" updateTime="1668163429241" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Revisions of the genera Lurama Schaus, 1928 and Ulmara Schaus, 1928 (Lepidoptera, Mimallonoidea, Mimallonidae) with the descriptions of three new Ulmara species and a new genus</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>St. Laurent, Ryan A.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>611</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>57</mods:start>
<mods:end>92</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.611.9058</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.611.9058</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-611-57</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">91F749DA0AFE41C69B4D626B147EA0DA</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">91F749DA0AFE41C69B4D626B147EA0DA</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127862667" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D0176BB7F088387E3170F59727A5B6CA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D0176BB7F088387E3170F59727A5B6CA" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="67" type="multiple">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="67">Taxon classification Animalia Lepidoptera Mimallonidae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="67" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName authority="Schaus, 1928: 666" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Ulmara" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ulmara" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ulmara Schaus, 1928: 666</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="67" type="type species">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="67">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Cicinnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cicinnus rotunda" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotunda">Cicinnus rotunda</taxonomicName>
Dognin, 1916;
<bibRefCitation author="Schaus, W" editor="Seitz, A" journalOrPublisher="A. Kernen, Stuttgart" pageId="29" pageNumber="86" pagination="635 - 672" title="Familie Mimallonidae." volumeTitle="Die GrossSchmetterlinge der Erde. 6. Die amerikanischen Spinner und Schwa ̈ rmer" year="1928">Schaus 1928</bibRefCitation>
: 666, by original designation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="67">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
The unique genus
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Ulmara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ulmara" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ulmara</taxonomicName>
shows no apparent external resemblance to any known
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" lsidName="" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Mimallonidae</taxonomicName>
. The stout, broad wings, dark, nearly black coloration, serrated postmedial lines, combined with impressively long pectinations of the antennae
<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="68" start="start">in</pageBreakToken>
males, are all characters that should immediately allow the recognition of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Ulmara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ulmara" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ulmara</taxonomicName>
. Although the long pectinations of the antennae are seen in the other two genera treated in the present work, neither genus is so darkly colored.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Cunicumara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cunicumara" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cunicumara</taxonomicName>
gen. n., described below, is similar in having both broad antennae and stout wings, but is easily distinguished by the straight, rather than serrate postmedial line present in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Ulmara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ulmara" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ulmara</taxonomicName>
. The male genitalia of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Ulmara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ulmara" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ulmara</taxonomicName>
are actually rather similar to those of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Lurama" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lurama" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lurama</taxonomicName>
(see diagnosis of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Lurama" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lurama" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lurama</taxonomicName>
) but wholly unlike those of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Cunicumara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cunicumara" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cunicumara</taxonomicName>
gen. n. The genitalia of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Ulmara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ulmara" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ulmara</taxonomicName>
are recognized by the short, broad phallus with a scoop-like ventral projection, apically-toothed valves, and the unique, paired, setae-covered sclerotizations on the ventrum of VIII, which are variously connected to an extension of the saccus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="68">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="11" pageNumber="68">
Male.Head: Very dark brown to nearly black, eyes very large, occupying more than two-thirds area of head; antennal coloration pale tan to dark brown, if lighter in color, contrasting against dark head, scape with contrasting pale off-white tuft of scales, antenna bipectinate to tip, pectinations very long, the longest nearly one-fourth length of antenna overall; labial palpus relatively long, extending beyond head, three segmented, tufted ventrally, heavily clothed in long scales. Thorax: Coloration as for head but often with pale-gray to brown scales beneath darker-black to steel-blue scales, vestiture very long, shaggy, scales thin, scales of prothorax lighter brown. Legs: Coloration as for thorax, but lighter ventrally, vestiture fine, elongated. Femur and tibia clothed in particularly long scales. Tibial spurs somewhat elongated, tubular, clothed in light khaki-colored scales except for naked tip. Forewing dorsum: Forewing length: 17.5-21 mm, wingspan: 34-43 mm, n=16. Short subtriangular, margin convex, apex barely accentuated. Ground color usually very dark grayish black, often with nearly steel-blue sheen, older and worn specimens expose lighter pale-brown scales beneath thicker, darker-scales; wider petiolate scales absent. Antemedial line brown, zigzagged, usually obscured by darker surrounding scales so line nearly absent. Brown postmedial line serrated at each wing vein, postmedial line may be very distinct, especially when lighter scales present along inner side, and near tornus, or postmedial line may be overshadowed by darker surrounding scales; line angled toward costa at Rs4. Between Rs4 and costa, line slightly undulated, but otherwise less serrate, may be notched near costa. Location of postmedial line variable, from one-fourth wing length distant from wing margin to nearly two-thirds distant. Antemedial, medial, and postmedial areas concolorous, although postmedial area may be lighter gray blue than medial area, particularly along postmedial line. Discal spot a small white mark, either somewhat circular in shape or oblong. Fringe consisting of elongated scales, coloration as for medial area except some lighter off-white scales present in semi-regular pattern along margin. Forewing ventrum: Similar to dorsum but much lighter, grayer, maculation reduced; antemedial line absent, postmedial line less distinct to nearly absent, brown outline lacking if present on dorsum. Hindwing dorsum: Coloration as for forewing dorsum, antemedial line absent, discal mark absent, outer margin of wing may be serrate or mostly smooth. Hindwing ventrum: Following same pattern as forewing ventrum. Base of wing sometimes covered by dark-brown scales emanating outward from thorax. Frenulum present as single
<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="69" start="start">bristle</pageBreakToken>
. Venation: Similar to
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Lurama" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lurama" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lurama</taxonomicName>
but CuA1 arises nearer to lower angle of cell; M2 and M3 do not originate from same point at lower angle of cell, and are more separated. Abdomen: Concolorous with thorax, but usually slightly lighter brown, distal tip with paired tuft of elongate scales. Genitalia: Simple; vinculum somewhat box-like or ovoid, ventrally with reduced saccus, projection of saccus attached to VIII, forming paired, setae-covered sclerotizations. Uncus simple, highly truncated apically with triangular base or broad basally, with reduced apical extension, laterally uncus beak-like. Gnathos variable, from nearly absent, to mesally gapped, to a single fused plate. Valves short, generally triangular, somewhat truncated apically, with single tooth projecting from saccular edge near apex of valve, tooth variable in length. Transtilla with weakly sclerotized, inward-facing setae-covered extensions, setae variable in thickness from very fine to thick. Setae pointed outward directly over phallus. Diaphragm forms small, balloon-like sac expanded inward into abdomen, sac covered in fine, inward-facing setae surrounding phallus. Juxta partially fused to phallus, encircling it, lightly sclerotized, especially dorsal to phallus. Phallus short, stout, anterior half tubular or bent, apex more heavily sclerotized, forming scoop-like extension below vesica; vesica small, sac-like, weakly scobinate, poorly differentiated diverticula may be present; base of phallus much narrower than apical half, but variable in thickness, angled backward from apex of phallus. Female.Head: As for male, but antennae much smaller overall, pectinations particularly shorter, labial palpus slightly reduced. Thorax: As for male. Legs: As for male, but vestiture seemingly sparser. Forewing dorsum: Forewing length: 21.5 mm, wingspan: 41 mm, n=2. As for male but more elongated, slightly narrower, discal mark reduced. Forewing ventrum: Similar to dorsum but much lighter, grayer, maculation reduced; antemedial line absent, postmedial line less distinct. Hindwing dorsum: Coloration as for forewing dorsum, antemedial line absent. Hindwing ventrum: Following same pattern as forewing ventrum. Frenulum as multiple bristles, length shorter than in male. Abdomen: Concolorous with thorax, similar to male but not truncated to a point. Genitalia: (Fig. 28) n=1. [based on
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Ulmara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ulmara conjuncta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conjuncta">Ulmara conjuncta</taxonomicName>
sp. n. only] Stout; tergite of VIII forms smooth, thick posteriorly directed arch, laterally VIII heavily sclerotized, forming pair of posteriorly directed lobes on each side, anterior lobe covered in minute, fine setae, posterior lobe with about 10 sparse, long setae. Apophyses anteriores slightly more than half length of apophyses posteriores, apophyses posteriores very long, as long as length of genitalia structure. Lamella antevaginalis wide, concave, only posterior edge well sclerotized, covered in minute setae, ventral margin of lamella smoothly curved. Ductus bursae short, almost as wide as corpus bursae. Corpus bursae reduced, baglike. Papillae anales somewhat convex laterally, papillae anales covered with fine setae, setae at base of papillae anales more compactly distributed, forming lateral tuft.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="69" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="69">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="69">
The genus
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Ulmara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ulmara" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ulmara</taxonomicName>
contains some of the darkest colored and highest elevation inhabiting
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" lsidName="" pageId="12" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Mimallonidae</taxonomicName>
, and is immediately recognizable by characters given in the diagnosis. Most species in the genus are quite similar to one another, but can be primarily differentiated by male genitalia. Distribution and overall size should also be adequate for simple diagnosis.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="70" type="key">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="70">
<pageBreakToken pageId="13" pageNumber="70" start="start">Key</pageBreakToken>
to species of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Ulmara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ulmara" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ulmara</taxonomicName>
*
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="70">
<table pageId="13" pageNumber="70">
<tr pageId="13" pageNumber="70">
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" rowspan="1">1419</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" rowspan="1">2</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="13" pageNumber="70">
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" rowspan="1">20-22</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" rowspan="1">3</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="13" pageNumber="70">
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" rowspan="1">14-162324</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Ulmara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ulmara rotunda" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotunda">Ulmara rotunda</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="13" pageNumber="70">
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" rowspan="1">17-1925</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Ulmara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ulmara conjuncta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conjuncta">Ulmara conjuncta</taxonomicName>
sp. n.
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="13" pageNumber="70">
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" rowspan="1">2026</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Ulmara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ulmara azurula" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azurula">Ulmara azurula</taxonomicName>
sp. n.
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="13" pageNumber="70">
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" rowspan="1">212227</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Ulmara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ulmara dombroskiei" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dombroskiei">Ulmara dombroskiei</taxonomicName>
sp. n.
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="70">
*Note: the females of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Ulmara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ulmara azurula" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azurula">Ulmara azurula</taxonomicName>
sp. n. and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Ulmara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ulmara dombroskiei" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dombroskiei">Ulmara dombroskiei</taxonomicName>
sp. n. are unknown.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="13" pageNumber="70">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="70">
Figures 14-16.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Ulmara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ulmara rotunda" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotunda">Ulmara rotunda</taxonomicName>
adults, a dorsal b ventral. 14 Lectotype ♂, Colombia, Tolima, Nevado del Tolima, 3200 m (USNM) 15 ♂, Colombia, Tolima, Nevado del Tolima, 3200 m (MNHU) 16 ♀, Colombia, Cundinamarca/ Distrito Capital,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bogotá">Bogota</normalizedToken>
[photo courtesy of Wolfram Mey] (MNHU). Scale bar = 1 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="13" pageNumber="70">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="70">
Figures 17-19.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Ulmara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ulmara conjuncta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conjuncta">Ulmara conjuncta</taxonomicName>
adults, a dorsal b ventral. 17 Holotype ♂, Ecuador, Loja, N. Loja, road to Cuenca, 2220 m (CMNH) 18 Paratype ♂, Ecuador, Napo, Cordillera Guacamayos, Estero Chico, 2650 m (CMNH) 19 Paratype ♀, Ecuador, Loja, Road between Loja-Zamora, 2700 m (MWM). Scale bar = 1 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="13" pageNumber="70">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="70">
Figures 20-22. Peruvian
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Ulmara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ulmara" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ulmara</taxonomicName>
species adults, a dorsal b ventral. 20
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Ulmara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ulmara azurula" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azurula">Ulmara azurula</taxonomicName>
holotype ♂, Peru,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Huánuco">Huanuco</normalizedToken>
, Carpish, 2700 m (AMNH) 21
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Ulmara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ulmara dombroskiei" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dombroskiei">Ulmara dombroskiei</taxonomicName>
holotype ♂, Peru, Puno, Carabaya, Agualani, 9000 ft (NHMUK) 22
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Ulmara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ulmara dombroskiei" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dombroskiei">Ulmara dombroskiei</taxonomicName>
paratype ♂, Peru, Puno, Carabaya, Santo Domingo (NHMUK). Scale bar = 1 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="13" pageNumber="70">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="70">
Figures 23, 24.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Ulmara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ulmara rotunda" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotunda">Ulmara rotunda</taxonomicName>
♂ genitalia, a ventral b lateral c phallus. 23 Lectotype, Colombia, Tolima, Nevado del Tolima, 3200 m, St Laurent diss.: 2-14-16:2 [phallus not excised] (USNM) 24 Colombia, Tolima, Nevado del Tolima, 3200 m, St Laurent diss.: 4-5-16:3 (MNHU). Scale bar = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="13" pageNumber="70">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="70">
Figures 25-27.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Ulmara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ulmara" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ulmara</taxonomicName>
♂ genitalia, a ventral b lateral c phallus. 25
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Ulmara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ulmara conjuncta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conjuncta">Ulmara conjuncta</taxonomicName>
holotype ♂, Ecuador, Loja, N. Loja, road to Cuenca, 2220 m, St Laurent diss.: 4-5-16:4 [note: valves not fully spread in Fig. 25a] (CMNH) 26
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Ulmara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ulmara azurula" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azurula">Ulmara azurula</taxonomicName>
holotype ♂, Peru,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Huánuco">Huanuco</normalizedToken>
, Carpish, 2700 m, St Laurent diss.: 4-8-16:2 (AMNH) 27
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Ulmara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ulmara dombroskiei" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dombroskiei">Ulmara dombroskiei</taxonomicName>
holotype ♂, Peru, Puno, Carabaya, Agualani, 9000 ft., St Laurent diss.: 4-8-16:3 (NHMUK). Scale bar = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="13" pageNumber="70">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="70">
Figure 28.
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paratype ♀ genitalia, a ventral b dorsal. Ecuador, Loja, Road between Loja-Zamora, 2700 m, St Laurent diss.: 4-19-16:1 (MWM). Scale bar = 1 mm.
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Unter diesem Namen hat Emery 2 Unterarten bezeichnet, die unterschieden werden
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<figureCitation id="158284C572531045AF0A9334F8AA3B10" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Tahamina indica gen. nov., sp. nov. female: A entire B anterior region C anterior region showing amphid D pharyngeal region E pharyngeal expansion F genital system G Vulval region H posterior end." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1186.101527.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948491" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 2</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="91EF07903B841EDD2D9A52ED79D3618A" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Tahamina indica gen. nov., sp. nov. female: A, B genital system C, D vulval region E arrow showing genital primordia in juvenile F posterior region G posterior end. Scale bars: 20 µm (A, F); 10 µm (B-D, E-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1186.101527.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948493" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 4</figureCitation>
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<paragraph id="071AFD85F13C9299DF79145A94C791B5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F16230222836C5EC87F7453D5B744EC3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<materialsCitation id="6D6EB5CCB349412BAB6D798CAA1D0E2D" collectingDate="2023-01-01" collectingDateMax="2023-12-31" collectingDateMin="2023-01-01" country="India" location="Yaraganalu" municipality="Shivamoga District" specimenCount="two" specimenCount-juvenile="1" stateProvince="Karnataka State">
Seven females and
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from
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,
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,
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,
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;
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<geoCoordinate id="7CB40437EEE044275EFF45845788B141" degrees="75" direction="east" minutes="34" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="23.4" value="75.573166">75°34'23.4&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
;
<collectingDate id="9070DE3874FEA77A3D51E0B2BB4E04D1" value="2018-11-17">17 November 2018</collectingDate>
. Female
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<typeStatus id="FA8D745F916FBFAF300ACDD9F8546CF2">holotype</typeStatus>
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(slide number AMUZDNC
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<emphasis id="4C50FF32818E6FCB813B47D2BCBA04FD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tahamina indica</emphasis>
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gen. nov. sp. nov. /1),
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specimens (slide numbers AMUZDNC
<taxonomicName id="1273EA0C99C508DE03C568CCDA4FEC83" authorityName="Islam &amp; Ahmad" authorityYear="2023" family="Tylencholaimoidea" genus="Tahamina" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tahamina indica" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="indica">
<emphasis id="0A0BE07AA9E24F30FBEFAEC8385ED94A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tahamina indica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. nov. sp. nov. /2-5) and
<specimenCount id="51EA5652543118E10A6CB2987F43CF58" type="juvenile">two juveniles</specimenCount>
(J2) (slide number AMUZDNC
<taxonomicName id="0F03707BC9C11B8D8296B1D971F3A8D3" authorityName="Islam &amp; Ahmad" authorityYear="2023" family="Tylencholaimoidea" genus="Tahamina" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tahamina indica" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="indica">
<emphasis id="EFE2006A3195E499466B9DE5119388A5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tahamina indica</emphasis>
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gen. nov. sp. nov. /6) are deposited with the nematode collection in the
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,
<collectingCountry id="74EBF16CC9DFC66B537BC53F28E4D865" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
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.
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<paragraph id="C14B8D1BEBEF22513A56CA08E214E773" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Measurements.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A8A96DDCD3F394990CF6C4F558C70FC1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
See Table
<tableCitation id="61BE61FFE17FDF038DD95ECCC1EBA340" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Morphometrics of Tahamina indica gen. n ov., sp. nov. All measurements are in μm and in the form: mean + / - SD (range)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DAE6847FD68F0313682E0BB456C1FE7D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="DAE6847FD68F0313682E0BB456C1FE7D">1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DAE6847FD68F0313682E0BB456C1FE7D" ID-Table-UUID="DAE6847FD68F0313682E0BB456C1FE7D" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DAE6847FD68F0313682E0BB456C1FE7D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Table 1" startId="T1">
<paragraph id="32E048EF3A5F403F0624567E4A562FAF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="C90F05DA179ED1EB74A58D6DA098C336" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Table 1.</emphasis>
Morphometrics of
<taxonomicName id="D7D4F3B406F30176DB8A7F706C4C03AC" authorityName="Islam &amp; Ahmad" authorityYear="2023" family="Tylencholaimoidea" genus="Tahamina" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tahamina indica" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="indica">
<emphasis id="010D38ABE93474D412FCB65B629BE0D6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tahamina indica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. n
<emphasis id="DC9A96396882EAF94269E8E3A914E0EF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ov.</emphasis>
, sp. nov. All measurements are in
<normalizedToken id="38FE8E6D4DF733B2E61C6048100D4B2D" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
and in the form: mean
<normalizedToken id="D8D08353228EF24E0B7D01C7142B32C1" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
SD (range).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="C3F949C57D1C8EA48A77276B3F03455C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<table id="92EBC49B8E072D121FADF8B5324F0E5B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<tr id="403BFAFD9100E59DF9F6A08F179298F6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<th id="38B210A8FD9A347BB9FAD4780B140D7D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Characters</th>
<th id="43AE1147E0A116044C1493F846E08EF0" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Holotype female</th>
<th id="6BB4887F97CCE1E18C8C5AA723AA11E7" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Paratype females</th>
<th id="B70D1168F108F8C550930F4430644428" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Juveniles</th>
</tr>
<tr id="EE244C74A6892054F2A02B91D8F11F6E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td id="C5E60B040BC2035FDCC7C537F52F0EB4" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">n</td>
<td id="2C66CB69350DBD6F38E04B7B1CDABB29" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td id="4336843B930676DA4FA5B5EAFFE15833" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">6</td>
<td id="C830EA4351F2BCF0690890378E111011" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="4AB0D05ECCA86FFC3178C7F06C59051A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td id="9074FD1009DBD719C0DC60D110F7359B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">L</td>
<td id="FA96D5BA89BCA82161623CC7E34772D6" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1413</td>
<td id="90698BA8A14F98391D7EF4FFE71985AB" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
1379.8
<normalizedToken id="C9ECFF0A8D756146ACDB8403D8AB4F96" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
34.9 (1332-1430)
</td>
<td id="93220B5C3FEE57B4EDB75985CEBB8DD9" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1022, 1077</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2299CADB42CEB258180D8D50CA1AA2F8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td id="8888B7DC698FEB48F429DCCC0CABC089" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Body diameter at neck base</td>
<td id="3512F31B96175207D09A5D27CF0710C7" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">27</td>
<td id="5488BA3141557C6426C91B09845EBC10" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
28.1
<normalizedToken id="966FDC37A59F795513E8426927D8B7E9" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.68 (27-29)
</td>
<td id="2B9FDDB2F5A08752A4761F72172D7D14" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">21.5, 22.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1498657E2ED03EDFD2DCD9E743E25C1A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td id="0D199171374813DD4CD18F29935A1E18" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Body diameter at mid body</td>
<td id="419E38EF789153F1868444190A5E2666" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">30</td>
<td id="E8D2A7F13D362F1A22AA3C945E91C43B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
31
<normalizedToken id="1D5928C7259B451F8AC7F8C6B15C4079" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.48 (30-31)
</td>
<td id="0E3F7C931107B3DEB23C8E57646C2751" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">21.5, 22.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="A10BB44AC3F111B08518784B753D815D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td id="38C70C3A93101F48E32926ACBF562C2D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Body diameter at anus</td>
<td id="8782145A22AB58F69EE54D07CDC70694" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">16.5</td>
<td id="5D9DD95AC33C4926734186FD18599C91" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
17.3
<normalizedToken id="CBD6DD58035CE56F1DBB2FF7E2202C14" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.44 (16.5-17.5)
</td>
<td id="7915D585F2BD93A50879C12F17B2193F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">15.0, 15.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="174DECF82AC7AA5FCC3E03E12CCB7381" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td id="65779604D35A889D0324D927A61CC085" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">a</td>
<td id="7930F28EA143B0059A7330AE503C197D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">46.5</td>
<td id="6FFA8BB0BE7908D84AAD136B4ABC0C36" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
43.8
<normalizedToken id="174EE211D5598F667685A8A1CAF637C0" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.2 (43.1-46.7)
</td>
<td id="B1959503D9FA353A8C66B1D64D912071" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">47.4, 47.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="166C1952A3EA5D7DBA43576726529611" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td id="E09236964A0379B57C489683F80A2294" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">b</td>
<td id="0B0B9B7C3FA5A31841B89016B3871E6B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">5.2</td>
<td id="705BCCDCFC0605EB203D9277513E451A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
5.01
<normalizedToken id="824F7C5420A03A6880FAE4A62029133F" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.10 (4.9-5.2)
</td>
<td id="AE8A55E06052A2F8E8156B669149E53D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">4.2, 4.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7C32E9B926C02DDF9E7AB131690F1FD9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td id="5729AA2E12F7FBADD882F75CD193A097" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">c</td>
<td id="12ED3A5E9B2C2393A2335B535C8C0ACB" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">15.3</td>
<td id="D1E4017868EAA9ACB67E1600D1AC3171" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
15.2
<normalizedToken id="FB717D02D2A3E9B421BEB017B75DB036" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.0 (13.7-17.0)
</td>
<td id="620B05515F6BCA1ECE63C75318CE1273" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">12.9, 13.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="CAB61113CCE94118B671010DE0DE77E9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td id="1664706E0B5ABA67AB632E69C6C4142A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<normalizedToken id="52C40B3DF8B73BFFC92C12BB6C743436" originalValue="c’">c'</normalizedToken>
</td>
<td id="08EC64041C7169AF378D56623A99E7DA" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">5.5</td>
<td id="7F6497FABBE22A826C575EC304F3C34D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
5.0
<normalizedToken id="D76FB3E43EB2318115D263730156C461" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.42 (4.5-5.8)
</td>
<td id="AC9351EDFA416DD8DC0466361911BEE5" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">5.4, 5.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="41E0BFAEB1F5A8B1296F83FF542C9852" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td id="D9F2CC7F0F18EDD75C95BC19E54AFCCD" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">V</td>
<td id="A78226C9F244DB0D6BFD3EE75C38EABB" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">39.5</td>
<td id="801CAC6C2D9E082794691BACC9A37F48" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
39.2
<normalizedToken id="EC8C7A33DD0FE7430B144F235FCAD382" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.1 (38.3-41.9)
</td>
<td id="D7BF482D7AA5B4CF295B6572ED70B6F6" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
</tr>
<tr id="279A66E68E8C87F682496A272BC2E227" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td id="87698F76E233D23C89AA0406E452D119" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">G1</td>
<td id="F61E549999FEEAC23C1F3D9FD30A04EA" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">4.9</td>
<td id="EBD7CC1D791BEC391763790754078586" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
3.1
<normalizedToken id="896B023966755CAC99D584D49FCF15BD" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.82 (2.4-3.4)
</td>
<td id="5459F32DF3004E2111D50B11C07356B1" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
</tr>
<tr id="FE94EB983D24948334BAC39A9CD9E871" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td id="E2D4CA4DBA4B96A65C862C30FCE1499C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">G2</td>
<td id="5EB3C38337E1AB82F3D95EBE53A3554D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">13.8</td>
<td id="AAEEDD2F3D3760EEB6F935F7E2EB8E80" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
12.6
<normalizedToken id="26C4921953AA368D5A3A61425818BF37" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.90 (11.5-14.2)
</td>
<td id="5CABF4CD1BA540D1AEEB419E1F31DF19" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B8DFD1A185E38DD39C815900A915FA10" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td id="FDCC30E6341DCF58FCFEDE27F098B295" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Lip region diameter</td>
<td id="8BDB359E818D7ABAAB21C4A0317F345A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">8.0</td>
<td id="044469F3FFA90615E0B736E63B7AAB57" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">8.0</td>
<td id="09408C60B2243711060D45C2640B93B7" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">7.5, 7.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="48C0B70606608E874DDB652C13489CC8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td id="DFE00BFAA00447E8957F9A8E97F1C414" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Lip region height</td>
<td id="F297F559C3D181BB62AC286D52711002" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">4.0</td>
<td id="8855347980F4CAB020DB33CDD1CC1BA5" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
3.7
<normalizedToken id="8F89934B4435D92E5EE9640709983D5D" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.24 (3.5-4.0)
</td>
<td id="5B916F8DB86F7CFEF21C57EC308A7794" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">3.5, 3.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="4F75A980C94B082280295D14DB1CBDF8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td id="AC3B13EEF7B787323BCB4FA7EC621A26" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Amphid aperture</td>
<td id="17D0F7729C4EC84761E804B17833EE70" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">5.0</td>
<td id="7DD902BCC80B37CBEEE8B1886F16350A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
4.4
<normalizedToken id="694D7143A93E2124FB517111EA4A2CA6" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.43 (4.0-5.0)
</td>
<td id="BF452D1A50C7F8A0622E9C6041A13323" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">4.0, 4.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="0EE07D742938D06AD4D913D60D0D17A4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td id="55B172D97EC7757B701CCBC3E60E2918" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Odontostyle length</td>
<td id="D70C802356BD3A22C0BF75F4C9F038C3" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">8.5</td>
<td id="91A508574BA10765BEB1ED96D98B2AED" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
8.4
<normalizedToken id="0D8F2F3EF77378EA2FE9E121EE96E6F3" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.31 (8.0-9.0)
</td>
<td id="88088DB69ABC175CA0C59459C49386D4" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">7.0, 6.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="304051B7E91CE5C0BDE090B5B7512AE1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td id="C7A9785206A15B5FCE5074CFAFD07400" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Replacement odontostyle length</td>
<td id="2D10DD557CCF4F83D90875D9DAFD6142" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td id="30BF2EB3E6821885F9F6C3FD7D5C7F28" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td id="FF0C8AFFE4BD0B18F7B8C324F63AB03B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">8.0, 7.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="677AD787042C76045054DD2D9F8B3ACD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td id="47A23DBA0E1BDE5EFDCE6666A7DEDE0D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Odontophore length</td>
<td id="4E5CC3D60EEAFE6DB4AF9556870812CF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">10.5</td>
<td id="A0DCC105D3514FD6C7E0DF2E597F06A3" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
10.7
<normalizedToken id="7A49D3248C05078430692C74B410A8F6" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.31 (10.5-11.5)
</td>
<td id="A8CC0165BCFAB7BF2E6C226F41825222" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">11, 10.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7790CAA3962E41EC6103E99DE87CE595" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td id="B83296257BBDB628E661B8065E512954" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Total stylet length</td>
<td id="1EB041EB0B4939656EE2C2FEDF75D983" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">19</td>
<td id="A0ABADA2C3961A6850F2B2147E06B707" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
19.1
<normalizedToken id="B593CFA327F43AAA21688ADCDB63F736" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.45 (19-20)
</td>
<td id="88A33596EB9F5FF81124011C453DC1DF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">18, 17.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="A2504175647BACD5620A671A31F95342" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td id="53BA291781609401B1333564463C1815" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Guiding ring from anterior</td>
<td id="741705BC60448608E7DEFA8710C59EB2" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">6.0</td>
<td id="16B2A27344F416637F46D4C83D45E514" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
5.7
<normalizedToken id="FD40EC0C444BFD45BBF63CE172A19D9E" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.18 (5.5-6.0)
</td>
<td id="4D3BA29827A17626698FC85424B716C5" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">5.5, 5.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1A5421A2FF2DA78199CD1D64E0E67445" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td id="6A4583AA4ECD1BD7269842F619362FAF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Nerve ring from anterior</td>
<td id="ED1BEA6A25B524691C2CF2E89A22E4DD" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">93</td>
<td id="1AA3C6960EF3DBDB14135C82CC1A354F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
93.2
<normalizedToken id="80C4C49289048136FF0151BC4C665EB1" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.62 (92-94)
</td>
<td id="7DFF49CC66A9F51691C7EAC849A7FA94" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">83, 90</td>
</tr>
<tr id="A3D3118C29452A41F4D4D42327FD73FD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td id="AB403FE89870DCDF8A67012F0074CEC9" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Neck length</td>
<td id="87235AD600CAD649E95200CC6C796A35" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">271</td>
<td id="725AB76D82BAFE0A4CF0AFB470F742FA" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
270.2
<normalizedToken id="30CAE1E15FA6A1AE77B2A63F836629C5" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
4.9 (259-276)
</td>
<td id="F704EA62FFDA49E4146DF233495D0430" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">243, 246</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2DFBB38B35C42178E56C5ED41D9A55B0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td id="88F61E599E59EDDA31FE010A71D92255" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Expanded part of pharynx</td>
<td id="8F1D1D68E4BD93870B6A6B3489C5BAC4" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">127</td>
<td id="70FDBBB69D9A23953C4127838C99EB98" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
125.8
<normalizedToken id="65429349F1EB8999F30388F4F56179F2" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
4.7 (115-131)
</td>
<td id="3E211A17786F27069DAF379FF2585811" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">110, 115</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D3B6D3E44EFD85907D14BB12A5D9ACB6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td id="5113121B4F112F58B04204D25297877D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Cardia length</td>
<td id="FBFA8858FA3F5F64A80560798867455C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">6.0</td>
<td id="03F1D362DE5282BA69BE8800BA863F76" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
6.4
<normalizedToken id="B7D62ADEE3E877E19C48E81433A15183" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.88 (5.0-7.0)
</td>
<td id="81123539B87F8E85DA39530FA29E642B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">7.5, 6.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="601376D22C9DD5A82D0B79273BBD82C8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td id="AA8ACC0658F73C989D2458555C5312A4" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Anterior genital branch</td>
<td id="BF99F24C5680006BCC59921DF1B3B8D9" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">69</td>
<td id="9E896744246624704915F8CB02B851F6" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
40.1
<normalizedToken id="760AF74FC09A3181A5652E12426C2021" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
4.4 (34-48)
</td>
<td id="59FC803C955FFFC6C27BB76CEA76CF4A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
</tr>
<tr id="27CB6027943252B56499D706AF2DC9B2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td id="46A845AC7C45C1D1AF8E43E7F4D94600" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Posterior genital branch</td>
<td id="20246F4E523C9325DDAC3E0CCE0FC965" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">195</td>
<td id="A2AEDFD75FF60FE895FDB00C991A8686" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
178.7
<normalizedToken id="7B7E5B585EC4EFB796DEF9EC840BC409" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
10.1 (168-195)
</td>
<td id="CCA1A1761668FB8039C53FF82A711E0D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C68CC2451F3026CF94D00E27C0FB27E3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td id="B832293336D9451719B4FDDCA3CF7C7B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Vaginal length</td>
<td id="B9028E68C025CDEB1C541437D448FFC2" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">14.0</td>
<td id="D9F356B6FFE4E5FBAE4EF1EAF2B2819A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
14.4
<normalizedToken id="19FDAF147B875ECA4F1BB06B576BC0F9" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.44 (13.5-14.5)
</td>
<td id="4C09CDB99820FEAEDA16AC984EDA220E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
</tr>
<tr id="13FF3E8D28AF1AD9FAF654E1214C898E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td id="90C8B767F2676D16D9314674150B2FE7" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Vulva from anterior</td>
<td id="57E1D869F98F526D02F4F7BC9D03DEC7" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">558</td>
<td id="8FB6EA776B4B826393F05EF20B989701" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
553.5
<normalizedToken id="F2772B8567239035896A7C0E455BB9AF" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
13.2 (539-579)
</td>
<td id="FD8F9EEDF910ABA53EA42AAA05F301E9" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
</tr>
<tr id="71BD457774709ADCF3CAFC31B805A265" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td id="1A02F97A34B97760F5718A4421640BA5" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Prerectum length</td>
<td id="877844B0B74897CF7CA412FFEE657D95" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">157</td>
<td id="E25AF9067A7EEED759B2CC099430696E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
156.6
<normalizedToken id="46F1FD21E7C099287EB5B14F12F63324" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
13.0 (129-176)
</td>
<td id="DB878FD64ABE169F20791058D19F8B15" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">121, 139</td>
</tr>
<tr id="689D30F317E68FA4834CE31F4A267611" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td id="3CF6A048F11BDE047847FFACAB27AF59" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Rectum length</td>
<td id="3F03B4E7F3EDCE74A634165BAF57AF3A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">20.5</td>
<td id="EEB1A8CAD31D526E5F5606E05F287118" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
21.5
<normalizedToken id="5B11BE456537F4AED2E2B56FB2CAAADD" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.2 (19-23)
</td>
<td id="CEDF84B01891115321BAE083205C88D1" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">18.5, 19.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="691927C96D3F02832DD7311D82260FFB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td id="7013EF26011622A945B3B3E236911F45" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Tail length</td>
<td id="DAA1CD1CA4379CCC0FCCC15C550BF2BC" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">92</td>
<td id="8E1DB51041FE8DD0EA70FA12D54049B7" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
89.3
<normalizedToken id="EDDD06C10833A6F88B597602D9B313FC" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
9.3 (79-103)
</td>
<td id="54849C5435ACDF80355485BC2CB60DA2" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">79, 78</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="67B5F5155FB99652388BE9141CC5CD06" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="D0937483FA195371D938E49209EF2260" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="360529A6E900BACB3D8706A8A8A0B0C4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="7D0D6693ACE7E3245ADD9C4C66DEFA59" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Female</emphasis>
. Slender nematodes of large sized, 1.3-1.4 mm long body, slightly curved ventrally upon fixation; body cylindrical, tapering gradually towards at the anterior end and posteriorly narrowing to form an elongated tail. Cuticle with two distinct layers, 1.0-1.5
<normalizedToken id="B4C571F7B6328D833C3737E9EF8AE0E5" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
thick at anterior region, 2.0-2.5
<normalizedToken id="05167935BB253E34F30A04712F23D9B1" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
at midbody, and 3.0-4.0
<normalizedToken id="8665C44780C55589A73243BB0C2C21B4" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
on the tail. The outer cuticle is thin, with fine transverse striation, the inner layer is thicker than outer, distinctly striated. Lateral chord 5.0-7.0
<normalizedToken id="DDA11E68EAE21A8A214923B660ECF8D1" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
at midbody, occupying about one-sixth to one-four (18-24%) of corresponding body diameter. Lateral, dorsal and ventral body pores are indistinct. Lip region cap-like, offset from the body by constriction, 2.0-2.2 times as wide as high or about one-fourth of the body diameter at the pharyngeal base. Under SEM (Fig.
<figureCitation id="FB9583182FBF9F08E87F6F097EE8FC4E" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Tahamina indica gen. nov., sp. nov. female (SEM): A anterior region frontal view B anterior region lateral view C, D posterior end showing anal opening. Scale bars: 1 µm (A); 2 µm (B); 10 µm (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1186.101527.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948492" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3A</figureCitation>
), lips are rounded, and slightly separated, inner portion somewhat amalgamated forming a hexagonal disk-like structure, offset from the rest of the lip region; labial and cephalic papillae button-like, slightly protruding over the lip surface. Amphidial fovea cup-shaped, aperture slit-like, 4.0-5.0
<normalizedToken id="BDCF120ACF3DED145C1843457900F770" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
wide or occupying about one-half to three-fifths of lip region diameter. Stoma a truncate cone. Odontostyle short, robust, spindle-shaped with a wide lumen, 1.0-1.1 times the lip region diameter long or 0.54-0.63% of total body length,
<normalizedToken id="B09A4A2A86A1099C5B09B958C987BE37" originalValue="it’s">it's</normalizedToken>
aperture about one-fourth of the odontostyle length. Odontophore simple, rod-like with slightly thickened base or minute knobs-like structure (Fig.
<figureCitation id="E1DE1EEB0CC12442584D53334C45384B" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Tahamina indica gen. nov., sp. nov. female: A entire B, C anterior region (arrow showing knobs-like structure) D anterior region showing amphid E pharyngeal region F expanded part of pharynx (arrow showing dorsal pharyngeal gland nuclei) G pharyngo-intestinal junction. Scale bars: 100 µm (A); 10 µm (B-D, F-G); 20 µm (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1186.101527.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948490" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1B, C</figureCitation>
), 1.2-1.4 times the odontostyle length. Guiding ring simple refractive, at 0.7-0.8 times lip region diameter from anterior end. Pharynx consisting of a slender and weakly muscular anterior part, expanding abruptly into a cylindroid bulb, separated by slight constriction, occupying about 42-49% of total pharyngeal length. Dorsal pharyngeal gland nuclei located at 12-16% of expanded part of pharynx from its expansion. Pharyngeal gland nuclei and their orifices are located as follows: DO=58-60, DN=60-62, DO-DN=1.5-2.5, S1N1=74-76, S1N2=79-81, S2N2=88-90, S2O=90-91. Nerve ring at 34-35% of the pharyngeal length from anterior end. Cardia is short, conoid, about one-fifth to one-fourth of the corresponding body diameter long.
</paragraph>
<caption id="E4D2FD26FD645EC472ECF63BEEE6E3BC" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1186.101527.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948490" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph id="803708AB7E083FD076C732FF9607BE67" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="FD811BC9C59F37F602AD009E049B75A5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CAB0713059C3655D5AB877800CA263B9" authorityName="Islam &amp; Ahmad" authorityYear="2023" family="Tylencholaimoidea" genus="Tahamina" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tahamina indica" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="indica">
<emphasis id="9AC394F3E491078461238A8244602610" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tahamina indica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. nov., sp. nov. female:
<emphasis id="5ED57F1A1AADD7336858EE14C4F20D6C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
entire
<emphasis id="8CC4AF120077435F53C2C80C6AD1FA42" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B, C</emphasis>
anterior region (arrow showing knobs-like structure)
<emphasis id="4CCC34C42FC5364542EF96B6577BBFE7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
anterior region showing amphid
<emphasis id="F0490707D17BDD8DA73663A27CB07F73" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
pharyngeal region
<emphasis id="4D7FB4BC3408E842DE005FF18C370A6F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
expanded part of pharynx (arrow showing dorsal pharyngeal gland nuclei)
<emphasis id="73DD86961933D466C17A65829C185559" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
pharyngo-intestinal junction. Scale bars: 100
<normalizedToken id="36463C17C469CBA45325F8120A6354F8" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis id="3181DA53B3CA40E1CB2B5CA296FFC28F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
); 10
<normalizedToken id="91AD48EDB898BE5BCCF33C516F75BE5B" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis id="21980D97F498926701C4CD9282BFBA34" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B-D, F-G</emphasis>
); 20
<normalizedToken id="B24E7A270026793816E1321CF40A9845" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis id="78A822E0A519C7FFFCD0BD753A103602" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="469BC3D854DC5E8821C8432CC6A3B66D" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1186.101527.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948491" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph id="A8FB674155C3724242179673F1FD2222" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="47A7122DBA46AD81FFD2D5C6963735B6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="942C42D063B77345F386BB37DBBBD6E9" authorityName="Islam &amp; Ahmad" authorityYear="2023" family="Tylencholaimoidea" genus="Tahamina" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tahamina indica" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="indica">
<emphasis id="DAF4BEF113A1BB0DA9F90B27A46DD307" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tahamina indica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. nov., sp. nov. female:
<emphasis id="F2F6BA6B4575E56B49FEF186A8B4B47F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
entire
<emphasis id="E50BC5252A719080498BD2FBBAE7FB88" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
anterior region
<emphasis id="B0FBC8C65F0F0CB36F84EE44D81728CC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
anterior region showing amphid
<emphasis id="95814AEE9EAA251D364640F8C0F93BFD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
pharyngeal region
<emphasis id="8371778F3C4B9B740A930AE3FA315CA8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
pharyngeal expansion
<emphasis id="60336D3DD62E950EF8D2F1D8551A4AC8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
genital system
<emphasis id="CB15241DD3CD226E17C05D236957FFD3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
Vulval region
<emphasis id="B125498F01D9D3E1BE0E93ECFD23D8ED" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
posterior end.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="F1C0071F300BD64C771227E2629D2CC6" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1186.101527.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948492" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph id="F890BF16FE845BE2217382296D7C5522" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="09AECEADAE6A69A40E499EE5806B495F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F21DB6E08CF2F2CE803D82B740E3400D" authorityName="Islam &amp; Ahmad" authorityYear="2023" family="Tylencholaimoidea" genus="Tahamina" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tahamina indica" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="indica">
<emphasis id="6E2EEF04E09F9DEB285353304DC7EFB9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tahamina indica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. nov., sp. nov. female (SEM):
<emphasis id="CC88D6BB93F42C31A176F4444923EF9E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
anterior region frontal view
<emphasis id="72BF19A985A545B47D4BF92EE1D52230" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
anterior region lateral view
<emphasis id="1FC344454E556849901387229924F941" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C, D</emphasis>
posterior end showing anal opening. Scale bars: 1
<normalizedToken id="33A139060E457C8BF90336DB05D7FB04" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis id="14BC83A929E2D2313D964A757A4F1F98" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
); 2
<normalizedToken id="5628E4B888A100441C442A5B60352BB2" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis id="B7AEAA6A26AE55F36B0060AF43B0B47E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
); 10
<normalizedToken id="2BFFF77387F1ED7200740FFB93852067" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis id="34322FB8F3B44875F18F2544AF4B6618" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C, D</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="78F71B14D620A0C9B2F23A6420EC4E68" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1186.101527.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948493" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph id="C62E985103CE4F7A824E0A0A8A1F41FC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="3AA5DF826B074881153CD891F44628C3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9EDADA9F14950FC605A73CA866B03DB1" authorityName="Islam &amp; Ahmad" authorityYear="2023" family="Tylencholaimoidea" genus="Tahamina" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tahamina indica" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="indica">
<emphasis id="A0810896CC0A9B584B697C973933183C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tahamina indica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. nov., sp. nov. female:
<emphasis id="F03F75BA972A520C16885E7C7CDBDC1A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, B</emphasis>
genital system
<emphasis id="DF7EC09B09D238CD357E1809F7820DCE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C, D</emphasis>
vulval region
<emphasis id="22AA476FF04CFDD40E1C1C8F4BA7C0F4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
arrow showing genital primordia in juvenile
<emphasis id="2C9B960012C8990F835E42B722D98C1B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
posterior region
<emphasis id="EDC6463FC7FF63AC78BB18D59E581A61" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
posterior end. Scale bars: 20
<normalizedToken id="EFDD7EF7CD55094AADADD99387E24726" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis id="FD291D6B6ACF330127D5409FB0EBAC5E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, F</emphasis>
); 10
<normalizedToken id="A2C50925C45EAE9C870995D845947A9F" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis id="5CDF67C33B017EBB0202EE037B8C0DD1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B-D, E-G</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="691773ED7784E3C49E0F0B65D5EDA79D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Genital system mono-opistho-ovarian, didelphic. Ovary reflexed, measuring 50-78
<normalizedToken id="99DEC9A898B35119C5AFE46C70E89226" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
long, not reaching oviduct-uterus junction; oocytes arranged in a single row except the near tip. Oviduct joining the ovary subterminally, measuring 57-82
<normalizedToken id="9B2FA9CDBDB16BCF2C9B01CD32528491" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, its consisting of a slender distal portion and a well-developed
<emphasis id="DD6A43933FA343BC23D3BDE09EF3E80B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pars dilatata</emphasis>
. Oviduct-uterus junction marked by the well-developed sphincter. Uterus long well differentiated, tripartite, proximal part short well-developed muscular, median part long, convoluted tube and distal part short, somewhat spheroid, measuring 96-109
<normalizedToken id="8536281805836AB176B3F5CAB711A7C5" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
. The anterior genital branch reduced to a simple sac, 34-69
<normalizedToken id="4296692DCC87951FDA0B6F4711B43130" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
or about 1.0-2.2 times midbody diameters long. Vagina cylindrical, extending inwards, 13.5-14.5
<normalizedToken id="F855A011CCFAFDC3BC6DA0660525BD7B" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
or about one-half (45-48%) midbody diameter;
<emphasis id="A1BF02DE2FFF36EB806C04560C97D56D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pars proximalis vaginae</emphasis>
10-12
<normalizedToken id="F264FFEFE64902265E7EFE61303B5025" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
6.0-8.0
<normalizedToken id="CF6ABDD08281F2E3D42320B222E0EDE2" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, its wall encircled by circular muscles;
<emphasis id="3D4B9CBBBF6085056F46F462F5D5417E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pars distalis vaginae</emphasis>
2.5-3.5
<normalizedToken id="D21344FE4BAC135D19F01B4A214BAEE0" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
with slightly curved walls;
<emphasis id="6354CE34169DDF350D3CA883FC8DBE26" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pars refringens</emphasis>
absent. Vulva pore-like. Sperm cell absent. Prerectum long, 7.3-10.0 and rectum 1.1-1.4 anal body diameter long. Tail elongated, tapering gradually and its distal part slightly bent dorsally with a rounded terminus, 4.3-5.8 times anal body diameter long with a pair of caudal pores on each side.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0AB76F2E7E2724323C774B0B90912685" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="E671435C83080D6898D8C9A600324966" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Male.</emphasis>
Not found.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E29D8A45A45542701E1EA5902E0D047C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="7EA7B198B1687654EA0204C60EF4EA08" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Juvenile (J2).</emphasis>
General morphology is similar to that of adults, but with the following differences. Medium sized nematodes, 1.0 mm long. Lip region cap-like, 2.1-2.3 times as broad as high or about one-third (29-34%) of body diameter at the pharyngeal base. Functional odontostyle 0.90 times the lip region diameter long, 0.80 times the replacement odontostyle length. Replacement odontostyle 1.0 times the lip region diameter long, with its base located at 45-48
<normalizedToken id="0B51A50092303E4F78CD97FEBCEBE856" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
from the anterior end. Position of odontostyle forming cell nucleus at 48-49
<normalizedToken id="46506C631C6622A2B21BA368F5F6D702" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
from the anterior end and at 26-28
<normalizedToken id="3C1A97BD17033A66A00199DD4BBD0672" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
from the odontophore base. Odontophore simple, rod-like, 1.5-1.6 times of functional odontostyle length. Guiding ring simple and refractive, at 0.7 times the lip region diameter from the anterior end. Pharyngeal expansion occupying 45-46% of the total pharyngeal length. Nerve ring at 33-34% of the total pharyngeal length from anterior end. Genital primordia 18-19
<normalizedToken id="9A21F8A7851953D60EB0E143FD398B3B" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
or 0.8-0.9 times the corresponding body diameter long, located at 442-445
<normalizedToken id="D4217C93DDB7C2BC94BD24D6BE740881" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
or 41-43% of body length from the anterior end.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7AAC013E00646072B602A0C3C61D5CCD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type habitat">
<paragraph id="5337D4DE4BD018F1BDA26FA4110EE877" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="73EEFABE55539F08C740ECBBB7DB7ED0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Soil samples collected around the roots of grasses (
<taxonomicName id="42F1A85C4ABC9155A35DCB4A80F5C998" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cynodontidae" genus="Cynodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cynodon dactylon" order="Characiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dactylon">
<emphasis id="DECB1C4162DB15ADEED9B5E8E1B92C68" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cynodon dactylon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.) from Yaraganalu, Shivamoga District, Karnataka State, India.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BED9A22F101D92290433363E54FDBE21" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="06158A4020EACA24FCD41C869B4F2E6F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4EADED337E9F8F881EBE0C802F275ABA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The new genus and new species named after first author
<normalizedToken id="8F2A07B87C7416A919EA983652B4637A" originalValue="mother’s">mother's</normalizedToken>
<taxonomicName id="2089B05D74A0619CB6D20D1C13DDE7EA" authorityName="Islam &amp; Ahmad" authorityYear="2023" family="Tylencholaimoidea" genus="Tahamina" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tahamina" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">Tahamina</taxonomicName>
and its type locality India.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</subSection>
</document>