diff --git a/data/03/CE/AF/03CEAF1AFF81EA0962F7FEF904B0F9D0.xml b/data/03/CE/AF/03CEAF1AFF81EA0962F7FEF904B0F9D0.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..1accf4e2e91 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/CE/AF/03CEAF1AFF81EA0962F7FEF904B0F9D0.xml @@ -0,0 +1,304 @@ + + + +The deep-sea species of Triphoridae (Gastropoda, Triphoroidea) from Guadeloupe, sampled by the Karubenthos 2 expedition + + + +Author + +Fernandes, Maurício Romulo +3B8B864F-3300-45B2-8D1F-61F282F83CDE +Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Av. Pasteur, 458, Urca, 22290 - 240, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. +mauriciofernandes14@hotmail.com + +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy + + +2024 + +2024-12-11 + + +972 + + +1 +52 + + + + +https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2763/12649 + +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2024.972.2763 +2118-9773 +14506799 +5571E5E4-47CC-43FB-B5AC-7388E403A73E + + + + + + +Strobiligera picta + +sp. nov. + + + + + + +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: +124616F8-440A-4554-8AC3-0A4921BD84C7 + + + +Fig. 9 + + + + + +Diagnosis + + + +A species of + +Strobiligera + +with a brown band in the adapical spiral cord of the teleoconch. + + + + + +Etymology + + + +Latin, ‘ +pictus +’ = ‘painted’. The specific name alludes to the brown band on the adapical spiral cord of the teleoconch, unusual for a deep-sea triphorid species. + + + + + +Type material + + + + + +Holotype + +GUADELOUPE +( +Karubenthos 2 expedition +) • sh; stn DW4635; +MNHN-IM-2000-38781 + +. + + + + +Paratypes + +GUADELOUPE +( +Karubenthos 2 expedition +) • 1 sh; stn DW4634; +MNHN-IM-2000-38782 + +• + +1 sh; stn DW4635; +MNHN-IM-2000-38783 + +. + + + +Fig. 9. + +Strobiligera picta + +sp. nov. +A, E +. Holotype, MNHN-IM-2000-38781, 8.4 mm. +B, D +. Paratype, MNHN-IM-2000-38783, 8.9 mm. +C +. Paratype, MNHN-IM-2000-38782, 3.3 mm. Scale bars: A–C = 1 mm; D–E = 500 µm. + + + + +Type locality + + + +Guadeloupe +, +15°50′ N +, +61°26′ W +, + +265–268 m + +depth. + + + + + +Description + + + +Shell sinistral, conical-fusiform, up to +8.9 mm +long (incomplete base), +1.8 mm +wide, length/width ratio 4.8–4.9, apical angle of early whorls 13–17°. Protoconch paucispiral, sub-columnar, 2.75–3.5 whorls, +0.60–0.69 mm +long, +0.47 mm +wide; small nucleus rises in an adapical direction and further goes abapical in an oblique descent; two smooth, wide spiral cords of equal size, situated at 42–45% and 72–73% of last whorl height, in addition to a very narrow subsutural cord; gradual transition to teleoconch, from a smooth spiral sculpture to a nodulous one. Teleoconch with up to 15 whorls; three main spiral cords, two of them (median and abapical) stronger at beginning and continuous to those of protoconch, adapical spiral cord initially narrow but gradually strengthening along teleoconch, reaching same size as other cords in 13 +th +or 14 +th +whorl (but with a similar size since eighth whorl); suture shallow, with a smooth to slightly wavy sutural cord; 19–22 slightly opisthocline axial ribs on tenth teleoconch whorl; medium-sized, nearly rounded to slightly elliptical nodules; slightly nodulous subperipheral cord, with a smooth, very thin basal cord right below it. Shell white, with a brown (or light brown) band on adapical spiral cord and on subperipheral and basal cords, sometimes with protoconch slightly brownish. + + + + + +Remarks + + + +In addition to the obvious difference in shell color, + +Strobiligera picta + +sp. nov. +is differentiated from + +S +. cf. +enopla + +by its non-inflated protoconch, its spiral cords of nearly the same strength and the adapical spiral cord of teleoconch reaching the same size as other cords in the 13 +th +–14 +th +whorl in + +S. +picta + +, but only in the 21 +th +–23 +th +in + +S +. cf. +enopla + +. Unfortunately, the incomplete base of + +S +. +picta + +precluded further comparisons. + + +The most similar shells to + +S +. +picta + +sp. nov. +are the Brazilian records of + +I +. +apexbilirata + +and + +Inella +sp. 1 + +( +Fernandes & Pimenta 2019a +), which, however, have a different color pattern. The Brazilian shells are from the lower continental shelf ( +69–163 m +for + +I +. +apexbilirata + +; +65–80 m +for + +Inella +sp. 1 + +), whereas + +S +. +picta + +is recorded from +265–310 m +and it was absent from the expedition Karubenthos 1, conducted in the shallow waters of +Guadeloupe +. The Brazilian record of + +I +. +apexbilirata + +is here described as a new species (see below). + + + + + +Geographic distribution + + + +Guadeloupe +. + + + +Bathymetric distribution + + + +265–310 m +(empty shells). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/CE/AF/03CEAF1AFF82EA0F62C7F9C804B0FDE4.xml b/data/03/CE/AF/03CEAF1AFF82EA0F62C7F9C804B0FDE4.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..cb52c3eb269 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/CE/AF/03CEAF1AFF82EA0F62C7F9C804B0FDE4.xml @@ -0,0 +1,186 @@ + + + +The deep-sea species of Triphoridae (Gastropoda, Triphoroidea) from Guadeloupe, sampled by the Karubenthos 2 expedition + + + +Author + +Fernandes, Maurício Romulo +3B8B864F-3300-45B2-8D1F-61F282F83CDE +Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Av. Pasteur, 458, Urca, 22290 - 240, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. +mauriciofernandes14@hotmail.com + +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy + + +2024 + +2024-12-11 + + +972 + + +1 +52 + + + + +https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2763/12649 + +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2024.972.2763 +2118-9773 +14506799 +5571E5E4-47CC-43FB-B5AC-7388E403A73E + + + + + + +Strobiligera +sp. A + + + + + + +Fig. 10 + + + + + +Material examined + + + + +GUADELOUPE +( +Karubenthos 2 expedition +) • 1 sh; stn CP4513; +MNHN + +• + +1 sh; stn DW4549; +MNHN + +• + +1 sh; stn DW4550; +MNHN + +• + +1 sh; stn DW4599; +MNHN + +. + + + + + +Description + + + +Shell sinistral, conical-fusiform, up to 5.0 mm long, +1.1 mm +wide, apical angle of early whorls 14–15°. Protoconch paucispiral, sub-columnar, 3.0–3.25 whorls, +0.59–0.73 mm +long, +0.38–0.47 mm +wide; small nucleus rises in an adapical direction and further goes abapical in an oblique descent; two main smooth spiral cords, similarly-sized, situated at 37–44% and 71–77% of last whorl height, in addition to a very narrow subsutural cord; gradual transition to teleoconch, from a smooth spiral sculpture to a nodulous one. Teleoconch with up to 11 whorls; three main spiral cords (continuous to those of protoconch), adapical one initially strongly reduced, gradually strengthening and reaching same size as other cords between sixth and eighth whorls; suture shallow, with a very thin sutural cord; 18 orthocline to slightly opisthocline axial ribs on ninth teleoconch whorl; medium-sized, nearly rounded to slightly elliptical nodules; base apparently not fully developed. Shell white. + + + + + +Remarks + + + + +Strobiligera +sp. A + +is currently known from small and often worn shells, of up to 5.0 mm in length, although it is uncertain whether the largest shell ( +Fig. 10E +) is adult or juvenile. It differs from + +S +. cf. +enopla + +in the earlier full development of the adapical spiral cord of the teleoconch and in the first protoconch whorl (not slightly inflated, as observed in most shells of + +S +. cf. +enopla + +). The shell of + +Strobiligera +sp. A + +is completely white, contrasting with the brown adapical spiral cord in the teleoconch of + +S +. +picta + +sp. nov. +Adult shells are required to confirm this as a new species. + + + + +Fig. 10. + +Strobiligera +sp. A + +. +A–B +. MNHN, stn CP4513, 2.8 mm. +C–D +. MNHN, stn DW4549, 4.5 mm. +E–F +. MNHN, stn DW4550, 5.0 mm. +G +. MNHN, stn DW4599, 3.1 mm. Scale bars: A, C, E, G = 1 mm; B, D, F = 500 µm. + + + + + +Geographic distribution + + + +Guadeloupe +. + + + +Bathymetric distribution + + + +262–644 m +(empty shells). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/CE/AF/03CEAF1AFF84EA0C6212FDBC06DEFB24.xml b/data/03/CE/AF/03CEAF1AFF84EA0C6212FDBC06DEFB24.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..6d54b76e177 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/CE/AF/03CEAF1AFF84EA0C6212FDBC06DEFB24.xml @@ -0,0 +1,644 @@ + + + +The deep-sea species of Triphoridae (Gastropoda, Triphoroidea) from Guadeloupe, sampled by the Karubenthos 2 expedition + + + +Author + +Fernandes, Maurício Romulo +3B8B864F-3300-45B2-8D1F-61F282F83CDE +Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Av. Pasteur, 458, Urca, 22290 - 240, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. +mauriciofernandes14@hotmail.com + +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy + + +2024 + +2024-12-11 + + +972 + + +1 +52 + + + + +https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2763/12649 + +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2024.972.2763 +2118-9773 +14506799 +5571E5E4-47CC-43FB-B5AC-7388E403A73E + + + + + + +Strobiligera variabilis + +sp. nov. + + + + + + +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: +56F72111-A572-400C-80ED-DCDB2748CBE2 + + + +Fig. 11 + + + + + + +Triphora +sp. 2 + +– + +Lamy & Pointier 2018: 289 + +, pl. 92 fig. 13. + + + + + + +Diagnosis + + +Protoconch with a small nucleus; teleoconch with an initially weak adapical spiral cord, often reaching same size as other spiral cords between the fifth and seventh whorls. + + + + +Etymology + + + +Latin, + +‘ +variabilis + +’ = ‘variable’. The specific epithet alludes to the morphological variation in the shells of this species. + + + + + +Type material + + + + + +Holotype + +GUADELOUPE +( +Karubenthos 2 expedition +) • sh; stn DW4634; +MNHN-IM-2000-38784 + +. + + + + +Paratypes + +GUADELOUPE +( +Karubenthos 2 expedition +) • 2 sh; stn DW4536; +MNHN-IM-2000-38785 + +• + +1 sh; stn DW4538; +MNHN-IM-2000-38786 + +• + +1 sh; stn DW4572; +MNHN-IM-2000-38787 + +• + +2 sh; stn DW4600; +MNHN-IM-2000-38788 + +• + +17 sh; stn DW4634; +MNHN-IM-2000-38792 + +• + +1 spec. +stored in ethanol; stn DW4634; +MNHN-IM-2019-20013 + +• + +1 sh; stn DW4635; +MNHN-IM-2000-38789 + +• + +6 sh; stn DW4638; +MNHN-IM-2000-38790 + +• + +2 sh; stn DW4646; +MNHN-IM-2000-38791 + +. + + + +Type locality + + + +Guadeloupe +, +15°48′ N +, +61°26′ W +, + +304–310 m + +depth. + + + + + +Description + + + +Shell sinistral, conical-fusiform, rarely with apex slightly constricted, up to 11.0 mm long (incomplete shell; adult shells reach at least 5.0 mm in length), 2.0 mm wide, length/width ratio 4.1–5.6, apical angle of early whorls 16–18°. Protoconch paucispiral, sub-columnar, 2.0–3.0 whorls, often +0.44–0.52 mm +long (one discrepant protoconch up to +0.65 mm +long), +0.50–0.61 mm +wide; small nucleus rises in an adapical direction and further goes abapical in an oblique descent; two main spiral cords (in addition to a very narrow subsutural cord), situated at 32–36% and 72–75 % of last whorl height and often smooth, but both cords may have some degree of nodules (especially adapical one, which may show pointed, triangular nodules, resembling a thorn crown); gradual transition to teleoconch, from an often smooth spiral sculpture to a nodulous one. Teleoconch with up to 16 whorls; three main spiral cords (continuous with those of protoconch), adapical one initially reduced, gradually strengthening and may reach nearly same size as other cords between fifth and seventh whorls, or occasionally not reaching same size as other cords until body whorl; suture very shallow, nearly indistinct, with a narrow sutural cord; 17–23 nearly orthocline axial ribs on 12 +th +teleoconch whorl; medium-sized, rounded to slightly elliptical nodules; smooth, broad subperipheral cord, with a smooth, narrow basal cord right below it; a very weak supranumerical cord may form (or not) between median and abapical spiral cords; slightly elliptical aperture, +0.76–1.25 mm +long, +0.51–0.85 mm +wide, length/width ratio 1.5; anterior canal very short, often open, +0.14–0.22 mm +long, +0.22–0.31 mm +wide, length/width ratio 0.6–0.7. Shell white to dirty-white. + + + + +Fig. 11. + +Strobiligera variabilis + +sp. nov. +A, L +. Holotype, MNHN-IM-2000-38784, 5.5 mm. +B +. Paratype, MNHN-IM-2000-38786, 5.0 mm. +C +. Paratype, MNHN-IM-2000-38787, 5.4 mm. +D +. Paratype, MNHN-IM-2019-20013, 7.1 mm. +E–F +. Paratypes, MNHN-IM-2000-38785, 7.4 mm, 8.0 mm. +G, I–J, M–O +. Paratypes, MNHN-IM-2000-38792 (M–N, same shell as Fig. H), 7.9 mm, 9.5 mm, 10.0 mm. +H +. Paratype, MNHN-IM-2000-38788, 9.2 mm. +K +. Paratype, MNHN-IM-2000-38789, 10.5 mm. Scale bars: A–K, N–O = 1 mm; L–M = 500 µm. + + + + + +Remarks + + + +Shells of + +Strobiligera variabilis + +sp. nov. +are highly variable with respect to length (there are small adults – +Fig. 11A +, and large immatures – +Fig. 11K +), width, sculpture of spiral cords of protoconch (smooth to slightly nodulous), strength of the adapical spiral cord of the teleoconch, and number of axial ribs. However, variation is often continuous, and it is hard to define whether more than one species is involved with only empty shells at hand (only one live specimen was sampled, and the head-foot was used for DNA extraction – unpubl. data). Until compelling evidence indicates otherwise, I conservatively consider this as a single (but variable) species. The +holotype +is a small adult shell ( +Fig. 11A +) with slightly nodulous spiral cords on the protoconch ( +Fig. 11L +). + + +The most similar species to + +S +. +variabilis + +sp. nov. +is + +Strobiligera +sp. A + +( +Fig. 10 +), which seems smaller when comparing shells with the same number of teleoconch whorls, has a narrower protoconch ( +0.38– 0.47 mm +wide vs +0.50–0.61 mm +in + +S +. +variabilis + +), and a shallower suture. A deep-sea species from +Georgia +( +USA +) with a similar teleoconch morphology to + +S +. +variabilis + +is + +Strobiligera meteora +( +Dall, 1927 +) + +, which in contrast has an inflated first protoconch whorl ( +Rolán & Fernández-Garcés 2008 +). + + +A slightly similar species is + +Strobiligera compsa +( +Dall, 1927 +) + +from +Georgia +( +USA +). Its type material consists of two shells without protoconch and base ( +Rolán & Fernández-Garcés 2008 +; +Fernandes & Pimenta 2019a +), precluding further comparisons. Some shells of + +S +. +variabilis + +sp. nov. +(e.g., +Fig. 11C +) have a similar shape to these types, but the adapical spiral cord of the teleoconch in + +S +. +variabilis + +is often more developed. In addition, shells of + +S +. +variabilis + +are narrower, with the largest one reaching 11.0 mm in length and 2.0 mm in width for 14.5 teleoconch whorls vs +12 mm +in length and +3.3 mm +in width for 13 teleoconch whorls in + +S +. +compsa + +(based on the counting of whorls in the +lectotype +, not the 12 whorls described by +Dall 1927 +). + + + +Strobiligera variabilis + +sp. nov. +is similar to + +S +. cf. +enopla + +from +Guadeloupe +, but the two species are distinguished by the hell shape ( + +S +. +variabilis + +is broader, with the apical angle of early whorls 16–18° vs ~10° in + +S +. cf. +enopla + +), the strength of the adapical spiral cord of the teleoconch (often reaching nearly the same size as other cords between the fifth and seventh whorls in + +S +. +variabilis + +, vs only in the 21 +th +–23 +th +whorl in + +S +. cf. +enopla + +) and the strength of the median spiral cord on the initial whorls of the teleoconch (with the same size of abapical cord in + +S +. +variabilis + +, vs often more reduced than the abapical cord in + +S +. cf. +enopla + +). The protoconch of + +S +. +variabilis + +sometimes has nodules on the spiral cords (especially the adapical one), which is not observed in + +S +. cf. +enopla + +; on the other hand, the first protoconch whorl of + +S +. cf. +enopla + +is often slightly inflated (but never inflated in + +S +. +variabilis + +). The Bahamian species + +Inella apexbilirata +Rolán & Fernández-Garcés, 2008 + +has one protoconch whorl more than + +S +. +variabilis + +, in addition to a much weaker adapical spiral cord on the teleoconch. + + +The complex taxonomic situation of “ + +Inella +” +triserialis +( +Dall, 1881 +) + +[and to a lesser extent of “ + +Inella +” +intermedia +( +Dall, 1881 +) + +] is carefully explained here in order to avoid further confusion. I complement the observations of +Fernandes & Pimenta (2019a: 7) +, who corrected the +lectotype +designation of “ + +I +.” +intermedia + +because the previous designation by +Rolán & Fernández-Garcés (2008) +: (1) erroneously considered a wide range for the type locality of “ + +I +.” +intermedia + +[although +Dall (1881) +mentioned only “station 2, 805 fms”]; (2) ignored the MCZ labels and annotations in the catalogue book [which indicated MCZ 7382 and MCZ 7384 as +syntypes +of “ + +I +.” +triserialis + +, as observed but not followed in +Rolán & Fernández-Garcés (2008 +: caption of fig. +14g +–h]; (3) and followed the subsequent drawing of +Dall (1889a) +for the choice of +lectotype +[although the shell in MCZ 7384, with 13 teleoconch whorls, does not match the drawing of “ + +I +.” +intermedia + +, with 17 teleoconch whorls]. +Dall (1881) +stated for “ + +I +.” +intermedia + +that the ‘specimen measured is the most perfect, but not the largest’; it was 11.0 mm long and smaller than the +lectotype +designated by +Fernandes & Pimenta (2019a) +, which was +12.6 mm +long for ~19 teleoconch whorls [i.e., less than the largest shell, with about 23 whorls ( +Dall 1881 +)]. Because the +lectotype +is worn, it is possible that the shell illustrated in +Dall (1889a) +would be the ‘most perfect’, and has not been photographed yet. Apart of that, “ + +I +.” +intermedia + +and the +paralectotypes +MCZ 7382 and MCZ 7384 of “ + +I +.” +triserialis + +are possibly conspecific with “ + +I +.” +longissima + +, thus requiring the examination of more material. The type material of “ + +I +.” +triserialis + +stored in the NMNH collection ( +lectotype +and +one paralectotype +) seems different, apparently with a much earlier emergence of the median spiral cord of the teleoconch ( +Rolán & Fernández-Garcés 2008 +), and it possibly includes a shell illustrated by +Dall (1889a +: fig. 5a), despite the broken apex. However, as also recognized by +Rolán & Fernández-Garcés (2008) +, the other shell illustrated by +Dall (1889a +: fig. 6a) as “ + +I +.” +triserialis + +is another species, much longer and apparently with the adapical spiral cord weaker on the initial whorls of the teleoconch (although this is hardly visible in the drawing). This shell has no precise locality, and it seems very similar to some shells of + +S +. +variabilis + +sp. nov. +(e.g., +Fig. 11K +), albeit slightly longer ( +15.5 mm +vs 11.0 mm in an incomplete shell of + +S +. +variabilis + +). More material is required in order to check the geographic range of + +S +. +variabilis + +. + + + + + +Geographic distribution + + + +Guadeloupe +( +Lamy & Pointier 2018 +; this study). + + + +Bathymetric distribution + + + +Empty shells previously known from +200 m +( +Lamy & Pointier 2018 +, determined as + +Triphora +sp. 2 + +). This study: +250–680 m +(empty shells), +304–310 m +(live specimen). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/CE/AF/03CEAF1AFF87EA016234FAFC049FFE26.xml b/data/03/CE/AF/03CEAF1AFF87EA016234FAFC049FFE26.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..72c9c544bbb --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/CE/AF/03CEAF1AFF87EA016234FAFC049FFE26.xml @@ -0,0 +1,424 @@ + + + +The deep-sea species of Triphoridae (Gastropoda, Triphoroidea) from Guadeloupe, sampled by the Karubenthos 2 expedition + + + +Author + +Fernandes, Maurício Romulo +3B8B864F-3300-45B2-8D1F-61F282F83CDE +Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Av. Pasteur, 458, Urca, 22290 - 240, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. +mauriciofernandes14@hotmail.com + +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy + + +2024 + +2024-12-11 + + +972 + + +1 +52 + + + + +https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2763/12649 + +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2024.972.2763 +2118-9773 +14506799 +5571E5E4-47CC-43FB-B5AC-7388E403A73E + + + + + + +Strobiligera +cf. +compsa +( +Dall, 1927 +) + + + + + + +Fig. 12 + + + + + + + +Triphora +( +Strobiligera +) +compsa +Dall, 1927: 96 + + +. + + + + + +Triphora +( +Strobiligera +) +compsa + +– + +Abbott 1974: 112 + +, fig. 1154. + + + + + +Inella compsa + +– + +Rolán & Fernández-Garcés 2008: 118 + +, fig. 17f–g. + + + + + +Strobiligera compsa + +– + +Fernandes & Pimenta 2014: 169 + +; +2019a +: fig. 3r. + + + + + + +Type material + + + + + +Lectotype + +USA +• sh; off +Georgia +; + +805 m +depth + +; +USNM 333518 + +. + + + + +Paralectotype + +USA +• 1 sh; same locality as for lectotype; +USNM 1592924 + +. + + + +Material examined + + + + +GUADELOUPE +( +Karubenthos 2 expedition +) • 1 sh; stn DW4572; +MNHN + +• + +25 sh, 3 specs stored dry; stn DW4646; +MNHN + +• + +2 specs stored in ethanol; same data as for preceding; +MNHN-IM-2019-20014 + +. + + + + +Fig. 12. + +Strobiligera +cf. +compsa +( +Dall, 1927 +) + +. +A–B, J–M +. MNHN-IM-2019-20014, stn DW4646 (K–L from shell A; J, M from shell B), 7.6 mm, 6.9 mm. +C–I +. MNHN, stn DW4646 (G–I from shell C), 6.2 mm, 7.8 mm, 8.1 mm, 5.8 mm. Scale bars: A–F, L = 1 mm; G–I = 500 µm; J–K, M = 200 µm. + + + + + +Emended description + + + +Shell sinistral, conical, up to +8.1 mm +long (adult shells reach at least +5.8 mm +in length), +2.1 mm +wide, length/width ratio 3.7–4.7, apical angle of early whorls 19–24°; some shells show a distinct change in width on seventh teleoconch whorl or after (indicated by a scar), becoming broader, whereas others maintain their width; additional scars may appear in late whorls, after which teleoconch sculpture may become smooth, polished. Protoconch paucispiral, truncated, 2.5–3.0 whorls, +0.44–0.59 mm +long, +0.43– 0.54 mm +wide; small nucleus rises in an adapical direction and further goes abapical in an oblique descent; two smooth, wide spiral cords of equal size, situated at 34–37% and ~69% of last whorl height, in addition to a narrow subsutural cord; transition to teleoconch demarcated by a thin scar in some shells, but not discernible in others. Teleoconch with up to 12 whorls; three main spiral cords (continuous to those of protoconch), two of them (median and abapical) stronger at beginning, adapical spiral cord initially narrow but gradually strengthening along teleoconch, reaching nearly same size as other cords between sixth and ninth whorls; suture distinct, with a smooth sutural cord; 22–25 nearly orthocline axial ribs on eighth teleoconch whorl; moderately large, nearly rounded nodules; wide, smooth subperipheral cord, two smooth basal cords (adapical one prominent, abapical narrow); two supranumerical cords appear in some shells, one between adapical and median cords, another between median and abapical cords; oval, broad aperture, +0.87–1.19 mm +long, +0.62–0.88 mm +wide, length/width ratio 1.0–1.4; open, very short anterior canal, +0.17–0.38 mm +long, +0.26–0.31 mm +wide, length/width ratio 0.6–1.4; posterior sinus very small. Shell white. Operculum elliptical, moderately thin but rigid, semi-transparent, up to 3.5 distinct whorls, nucleus slightly eccentric, dislocated 34–43% from center towards margin. + + + + + +Remarks + + + +The +lectotype +of + +S +. +compsa + +(figured in +Rolán & Fernández-Garcés 2008 +; +Fernandes & Pimenta 2019a +) is very similar to some shells from +Guadeloupe +( +Fig. 12A +), but the absence of protoconch and base in the type material precluded comparisons. The +lectotype +( +12 mm +long and +3.3 mm +wide for 13 teleoconch whorls) is slightly larger than shells from +Guadeloupe +(up to +8.1 mm +long, +2.1 mm +wide for 12 teleoconch whorls). The geographic distance of +2400 km +between the type locality and +Guadeloupe +is also large for a non-planktotrophic species (assuming that the population from +Georgia +, +USA +has the same development mode). Therefore the present identification is tentative. + + +According to +Fernandes & Pimenta (2019a) +, records of + +S +. +compsa + +from +Brazil +are erroneous. The records from intertidal sites in +Venezuela +( +Nava & Severeyn 2010 +; + +Severeyn +et al +. 2017 + +) are also incorrect, requiring images for further identification. + + +Another very similar species to + +S +. cf. +compsa + +from +Guadeloupe +is + +Strobiligera torticula +( +Dall, 1881 +) + +, from Yucatán Strait and the Straits of Florida ( +Rolán & Fernández-Garcés 2008 +; +Fernandes & Pimenta 2015b +). These two species are particularly similar with respect to their shells, which show a distinct change in their width after the seventh teleoconch whorl ( +Fig. 12C, E–F +). However, the shell of + +S +. +torticula + +is larger (up to +25 mm +long for 17.5 teleoconch whorls – +Rolán & Fernández-Garcés 2008 +) than that of + +S +. cf. +compsa + +(up to +8.1 mm +long for 12 teleoconch whorls), and the protoconch of + +S. torticula + +is multispiral, typical of planktotrophic development ( +Fernandes & Pimenta 2015b +), instead of the paucispiral protoconch, typical of non-planktotrophic development in + +S +. cf. +compsa + +( +Fig. 12I, M +). + + +The most similar species to + +S +. cf. +compsa + +in +Guadeloupe +is + +S +. +variabilis + +sp. nov. +, but + +S +. cf. +compsa + +has much more convex whorls, a wider body whorl and base, more widely spaced basal cords (not too close to the subperipheral cord, as in + +S +. +variabilis + +), and the spiral cords of the protoconch never show the ‘crispy’ condition (with small nodules) observed in some shells of + +S +. +variabilis + +. + + + + + +Geographic distribution + + + +USA +: +Georgia +( +Dall 1927 +); +Guadeloupe +(this study). + + + +Bathymetric distribution + + + +Empty shells previously known from +805 m +( +Dall 1927 +). This study: +250–399 m +(empty shells), +250– 254 m +(live specimens). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/CE/AF/03CEAF1AFF8AEA066215FDFA078FFEB6.xml b/data/03/CE/AF/03CEAF1AFF8AEA066215FDFA078FFEB6.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..de6f330d512 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/CE/AF/03CEAF1AFF8AEA066215FDFA078FFEB6.xml @@ -0,0 +1,387 @@ + + + +The deep-sea species of Triphoridae (Gastropoda, Triphoroidea) from Guadeloupe, sampled by the Karubenthos 2 expedition + + + +Author + +Fernandes, Maurício Romulo +3B8B864F-3300-45B2-8D1F-61F282F83CDE +Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Av. Pasteur, 458, Urca, 22290 - 240, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. +mauriciofernandes14@hotmail.com + +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy + + +2024 + +2024-12-11 + + +972 + + +1 +52 + + + + +https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2763/12649 + +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2024.972.2763 +2118-9773 +14506799 +5571E5E4-47CC-43FB-B5AC-7388E403A73E + + + + + + +Strobiligera dinea +( +Dall, 1927 +) + + + + + + +Figs 13–15 + + + + + + + +Triphora +( +Strobiligera +) +pompona +var. +dinea +Dall, 1927: 95 + + +. + + + + + +Triphora +( +Strobiligera +) +dinea + +– + +Abbott 1974: 112 + +. + + + + + +Inella dinea + +– + +Rolán & Fernández-Garcés 2008: 126 + +, fig. 19d–i. + + + + + +Strobiligera dinea + +– + +Fernandes & Pimenta 2014: 169 + +; + +2019a: 37 + +, figs 3u–v, 21. + + + + + + +Type material + + + + + +Lectotype + +USA +• sh; off +Georgia +; +USNM +333517. +11 +paralectotypes are stored in the same lot. + + + + +Material examined + + + + +GUADELOUPE +( +Karubenthos 2 expedition +) • 2 sh; stn DW4536; +MNHN + +• + +19 sh; stn DW4549; +MNHN + +• + +2 sh, +1 spec. +stored dry; stn DW4550; +MNHN + +• + +1 sh; stn DW4599; +MNHN + +• + +4 sh, +1 spec. +stored dry; stn DW4634; +MNHN + +• + +1 sh; stn CP4649; +MNHN + +. + + + + + +Emended description + + + +Shell sinistral, conical-fusiform, a few shells slightly constricted at apex, up to +20.1 mm +long (adult shells reach at least +11.1 mm +in length), +2.8 mm +wide, length/width ratio 5.5–7.0, apical angle of early whorls 11–13°. Protoconch paucispiral, globose, 2.25–3.0 whorls, +0.75–1.25 mm +long, +0.70–1.03 mm +wide; first whorl smooth, much inflated, sometimes slightly wider (up to 1.1×) than last whorl; second whorl with two smooth spiral cords, situated at 32–42% and 69–72% of last whorl height, abapical cord sometimes slightly more prominent, in addition to a very narrow subsutural cord; gradual transition to teleoconch, from a smooth spiral sculpture to a nodulous one. Teleoconch with up to 21 whorls; three main spiral cords (continuous with those of protoconch), adapical one considerably reduced in initial whorls, but gradually strengthening and sometimes reaching a similar size (never equal) as other cords near body whorl; suture very shallow, almost indistinct, with a narrow sutural cord; 17–20 orthocline to slightly opisthocline axial ribs on 12 +th +teleoconch whorl; medium-sized, nearly rounded to slightly elliptical nodules; smooth subperipheral cord, with a smooth, very thin basal cord right below it; a weak to distinct supranumerical cord may form between median and abapical spiral cords; nearly rounded to slightly elliptical aperture, +1.16–1.99 mm +long, +0.89–1.42 mm +wide, length/width ratio 1.2–1.4; anterior canal very short, often open (sometimes partially closed), +0.35–0.41 mm +long, +0.41–0.55 mm +wide, length/width ratio 0.7–0.9; posterior canal as a minute notch. Shell white. + + + + + +Remarks + + + + +Strobiligera dinea + +has a distinctive inflated first protoconch whorl. Two other West Atlantic species share this feature: + +Strobiligera inflata +(Watson, 1880) + +and + +Strobiligera pompona +( +Dall, 1927 +) + +. However these two species are distinguished by their reduced adapical spiral cord on the teleoconch. +Dall (1927) +noted that + +S +. +dinea + +has a less prominent sculpture than + +S +. +pompona + +, but possibly this is because most +types +are worn; for example, intact shells from +Guadeloupe +have a prominent teleoconch sculpture. + + +Shells from +Guadeloupe +show considerable variation in adult length, protoconch dimensions and the development of the adapical spiral cord. One atypical shell ( +Fig. 13C +), with 3.25 protoconch whorls ( +0.57 mm +wide only) and a considerably developed adapical spiral cord on the teleoconch, was not included in the description because it may represent a distinct species. + + +The most similar species to + +S +. +dinea + +from +Guadeloupe +is + +S +. cf. +enopla + +, which has a less inflated first protoconch whorl, reduced protoconch dimensions ( +0.58–0.70 mm +long, +0.53–0.62 mm +wide vs +0.75– 1.25 mm +long, +0.70–1.03 mm +wide in + +S +. +dinea + +from +Guadeloupe +), and its adapical spiral cord on the teleoconch often develops slower than in + +S +. +dinea + +. However, sometimes it is difficult to distinguish both species. + + + + +Fig. 13. + +Strobiligera dinea +( +Dall, 1927 +) + +. +A–B +. MNHN, stn CP4649, 12.4 mm. +C +. MNHN, stn DW4599, 4.7 mm. +D–G +. MNHN, stn DW4536, 11.4 mm, 9.8 mm. +H–K +. MNHN, stn DW4549, 11.8 mm, 12.3 mm. Scale bars: A, C–D, F, H, J = 1 mm; B, E, G, I, K = 500 µm. + + + + + +Geographic distribution + + + +USA +: +Georgia +( +Dall 1927 +); +Guadeloupe +(this study); +Brazil +: off +Espírito Santo +, Champlain Seamount ( +Fernandes & Pimenta 2019a +). + + + +Fig. 14. + +Strobiligera dinea +( +Dall, 1927 +) + +. +A–H +. MNHN, stn DW4549, 15.4 mm, 18.6 mm, 20.1 mm, 8.9 mm, 11.1 mm. +I–L +. MNHN, stn DW4550, 10.4 mm, 12.2 mm. Scale bars: A, C, E, G–I, K = 1 mm; B, D, F, J, L = 500 µm. + + + + +Bathymetric distribution + + + +Empty shells previously known from +607–940 m +( +Fernandes & Pimenta 2019a +). This study: +262–482 m +(empty shells), +304–482 m +(live specimens). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/CE/AF/03CEAF1AFF8DEA3B6205FE6A0600FE93.xml b/data/03/CE/AF/03CEAF1AFF8DEA3B6205FE6A0600FE93.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..074b98f4285 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/CE/AF/03CEAF1AFF8DEA3B6205FE6A0600FE93.xml @@ -0,0 +1,400 @@ + + + +The deep-sea species of Triphoridae (Gastropoda, Triphoroidea) from Guadeloupe, sampled by the Karubenthos 2 expedition + + + +Author + +Fernandes, Maurício Romulo +3B8B864F-3300-45B2-8D1F-61F282F83CDE +Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Av. Pasteur, 458, Urca, 22290 - 240, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. +mauriciofernandes14@hotmail.com + +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy + + +2024 + +2024-12-11 + + +972 + + +1 +52 + + + + +https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2763/12649 + +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2024.972.2763 +2118-9773 +14506799 +5571E5E4-47CC-43FB-B5AC-7388E403A73E + + + + + + +Strobiligera cupella + +sp. nov. + + + + + + +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: +B4B076E3-B74E-4727-B5BF-9258179D56DA + + + +Fig. 16A–G + + + + + +Diagnosis + + +Elongated shell with a late adapical spiral cord on the teleoconch; protoconch beige to light brown, paucispiral, dome-shaped, mainly smooth. + + + +Fig. 15. + +Strobiligera dinea +( +Dall, 1927 +) + +. +A–B +. MNHN, stn DW4550, 7.7 mm. +C–F +. MNHN, stn DW4634, 14.7 mm, 8.3 mm. +G–H +. MNHN, stn DW4549. Scale bars: A, C, E = 1 mm; B, D, F–H = 500 µm. + + + + + +Etymology + + + +Latin, + +‘ +cupella + +’ = ‘dome’. The specific epithet alludes to the dome-shaped first protoconch whorl of this species. + + + + + +Type material + + + + + +Holotype + +GUADELOUPE +( +Karubenthos 2 expedition +) • spec. stored dry; stn DW4554; +MNHN-IM-2000-38793 + +. + + + + +Paratypes + +GUADELOUPE +( +Karubenthos 2 expedition +) • 1 sh; stn DW4538; +MNHN-IM-2000-38794 + +• + +1 sh; stn DW4556; +MNHN-IM-2000-38795 + +• + +2 sh; stn DW4572; +MNHN-IM-2000-38796 + +. + + + +Type locality + + + +Guadeloupe +, +16°21′ N +, +60°56′ W +, + +300–370 m + +depth. + + + + + +Description + + + +Shell sinistral, conical-fusiform, incomplete shells up to +15.8 mm +long and +2.7 mm +wide; apical angle of early whorls 12–14°. Protoconch paucispiral, 2.5–2.75 convex whorls, +0.54–0.64 mm +long, +0.49–0.52 mm +wide; first whorl dome-shaped, globose, mainly smooth but with few, minute pustules; subsequent whorls with two spiral cords, situated at 31–33% and 63–74% of whorl height, in addition to a much smaller subsutural cord; no axial sculpture. Teleoconch with up to 24.5 whorls (incomplete); three main spiral cords, continuous with those of protoconch; adapical spiral cord initially very narrow and gradually enlarges through teleoconch, but never reaches same size as other cords; shallow suture, almost indistinct, with a very narrow, smooth sutural cord; ~15 nearly orthocline to slightly opisthocline axial ribs on 12 +th +whorl; medium-sized to moderately large, nearly rounded to slightly elliptical nodules; unknown base. Protoconch beige to light brown, teleoconch white to dirty-white. + + + + + +Remarks + + + +Despite the moderately long shell, no adults (with a complete base) are known of + +Strobiligera cupella + +sp. nov. +This species differs from all other Caribbean species ( +Rolán & Fernández-Garcés 2008 +), e.g., + +S +. +enopla + +has a reduced adapical spiral cord on the teleoconch and a white protoconch with the first whorl slightly inflated and the second whorl with unequal spiral cords (the abapical one more prominent, whereas the two spiral cords are nearly equal in the beige to light brown protoconch of + +S +. +cupella + +). The colored and dome-shaped (not inflated) protoconch of + +S +. +cupella + +also distinguishes it from + +S +. +dinea + +, which has a larger protoconch (shells from +Guadeloupe +: +0.75–1.25 mm +long, +0.70–1.03 mm +wide vs +0.54–0.64 mm +long, +0.49–0.52 mm +wide in + +S +. +cupella + +) and a more developed adapical spiral cord on the teleoconch. + +Strobiligera cupella + +is differentiated from + +Strobiligera colon +( +Dall, 1881 +) + +comb. nov. +from +Cuba +by the slightly more pronounced adapical spiral cord on the teleoconch (almost indistinct in + +S +. +colon + +) and the more prominent and rounded nodules of the teleoconch; the protoconch of + +S +. +colon + +is unknown ( +Rolán & Fernández-Garcés 2008 +). The paucispiral protoconch of + +S +. +cupella + +distinguishes it from the multispiral protoconch of + +Strobiligera georgiana +( +Dall, 1927 +) + +, although the +type +material of the latter is worn ( +Rolán & Fernández-Garcés 2008 +). + + + +Strobiligera cupella + +sp. nov. +shares some similarities with three Brazilian species ( +Fernandes & Pimenta 2019a +), but the absence of a complete base in the available shells of + +S +. +cupella + +precluded further comparisons. Its adapical spiral cord on the teleoconch has a similar development to that on some shells of + +Strobiligera unicornium +Simone, 2006 + +(e.g., +Fernandes & Pimenta 2019a +: fig. 18a), but it develops later than on other shells (e.g., +Fernandes & Pimenta 2019a +: fig. 18b–c) and earlier than on others (e.g., the +holotype +); however, the protoconch of + +S +. +cupella + +is slightly shorter ( +0.54–0.64 mm +long vs +0.69–0.76 mm +long in + +S +. +unicornium + +) and has a less inflated first protoconch whorl. The adapical spiral cord on the teleoconch in + +S +. +cupella + +is considerably reduced if compared to + +Strobiligera campista +Fernandes & Pimenta, 2019 + +. + +Strobiligera cupella + +has nodules and internodular spaces on the spiral cords of the teleoconch with the same white color, but the internodular spaces are slightly darker than the nodules in the morph named + +Strobiligera +sp. 2 + +by +Fernandes & Pimenta (2019a) +. + + + + + +Geographic distribution + + + +Guadeloupe +. + + + +Fig. 16. A–G +. + +Strobiligera cupella + +sp. nov. +A–B +. Holotype, MNHN-IM-2000-38793, 15.8 mm. +C +. Paratype, MNHN-IM-2000-38794, 8.2 mm. +D +. Paratype, MNHN-IM-2000-38795, 8.3 mm. +E–G +. Paratypes, MNHN-IM-2000-38796, 11.5 mm, 10.8 mm. +H–J +. + +Strobiligera +sp. B + +, MNHN, stn DW4550, 9.9 mm. Scale bars: A, C–F, H = 1 mm; B, G, I–J = 500 µm. + + + + +Bathymetric distribution + + + +320–428 m +(empty shells), +300–370 m +(live specimen). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/CE/AF/03CEAF1AFF95EA106220FAA40780FA6D.xml b/data/03/CE/AF/03CEAF1AFF95EA106220FAA40780FA6D.xml index 1629b40231c..3d90f8d1cf9 100644 --- a/data/03/CE/AF/03CEAF1AFF95EA106220FAA40780FA6D.xml +++ b/data/03/CE/AF/03CEAF1AFF95EA106220FAA40780FA6D.xml @@ -1,46 +1,46 @@ - - - -The deep-sea species of Triphoridae (Gastropoda, Triphoroidea) from Guadeloupe, sampled by the Karubenthos 2 expedition + + + +The deep-sea species of Triphoridae (Gastropoda, Triphoroidea) from Guadeloupe, sampled by the Karubenthos 2 expedition - - -Author + + +Author -Fernandes, Maurício Romulo -3B8B864F-3300-45B2-8D1F-61F282F83CDE -Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Av. Pasteur, 458, Urca, 22290 - 240, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. -mauriciofernandes14@hotmail.com +Fernandes, Maurício Romulo +3B8B864F-3300-45B2-8D1F-61F282F83CDE +Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Av. Pasteur, 458, Urca, 22290 - 240, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. +mauriciofernandes14@hotmail.com -text - - -European Journal of Taxonomy +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy - -2024 - -2024-12-11 + +2024 + +2024-12-11 - -972 + +972 - -1 -52 + +1 +52 - -https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2763/12649 + +https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2763/12649 -journal article -10.5852/ejt.2024.972.2763 -2118-9773 -14506799 -5571E5E4-47CC-43FB-B5AC-7388E403A73E +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2024.972.2763 +2118-9773 +14506799 +5571E5E4-47CC-43FB-B5AC-7388E403A73E - + “ @@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ - + Triforis ( Inella @@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ - + Triphora longissima – diff --git a/data/03/CE/AF/03CEAF1AFF9DEA0B6230F9F40646FD52.xml b/data/03/CE/AF/03CEAF1AFF9DEA0B6230F9F40646FD52.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..183a357aa7e --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/CE/AF/03CEAF1AFF9DEA0B6230F9F40646FD52.xml @@ -0,0 +1,437 @@ + + + +The deep-sea species of Triphoridae (Gastropoda, Triphoroidea) from Guadeloupe, sampled by the Karubenthos 2 expedition + + + +Author + +Fernandes, Maurício Romulo +3B8B864F-3300-45B2-8D1F-61F282F83CDE +Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Av. Pasteur, 458, Urca, 22290 - 240, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. +mauriciofernandes14@hotmail.com + +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy + + +2024 + +2024-12-11 + + +972 + + +1 +52 + + + + +https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2763/12649 + +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2024.972.2763 +2118-9773 +14506799 +5571E5E4-47CC-43FB-B5AC-7388E403A73E + + + + + + +Strobiligera +cf. +enopla +( +Dall, 1927 +) + + + + + + +Figs 7–8 + + + + + + + +Triphora +( +Strobiligera +) +enopla +Dall, 1927: 95 + + +. + + + + + +Triphora +( +Strobiligera +) +enopla + +– + +Abbott 1974: 112 + +. + + + + + +Inella enopla + +– + +Rolán & Fernández-Garcés 2008: 120 + +, fig. 18a–e. + + + + + +Strobiligera enopla + +– + +Fernandes & Pimenta 2014: 169 + +; +2019a +: fig. 3x. + + + + + + +Type material + + + + + +Lectotype + +USA +• sh; ‘off Fernandina’ [but coordinates provided by +Dall (1927) +off Fernandina (Florida) actually match with the state of +Georgia +]; depth + +538 m + +; +USNM 108074 +. According to the NMNH invertebrate collection website, the original label and the five paralectotypes, which should be stored in the same lot ( +Rolán & Fernández-Garcés 2008 +), are missing + +. + + + +Material examined + + + + +GUADELOUPE +( +Karubenthos 2 expedition +) • 1 sh; stn DW4544; +MNHN + +• + +8 sh; stn DW4549; +MNHN + +• + +3 sh; stn DW4550; +MNHN + +• + +1 spec. +stored dry; stn DW4555; +MNHN + +• + +1 sh; stn DW4556; +MNHN + +• + +2 sh; stn DW4572; +MNHN + +. + + +Additional material examined +(not included in the description) + + + +GUADELOUPE +( +Karubenthos 2 expedition +) • 1 sh; stn DW4555; +MNHN + +. + + + + + +Emended description + + + +Shell sinistral, conical-fusiform, sometimes with apex constricted, up to +15.3 mm +long (adult shells reach at least +9.9 mm +in length), +2.2 mm +wide, length/width ratio 5.5–7.5, apical angle of early whorls ~10°. Protoconch paucispiral, sub-columnar, 2.25–2.75 whorls, +0.58–0.70 mm +long, +0.53–0.62 mm +wide; small nucleus rises in an adapical direction and further goes abapical in an oblique descent; first whorl often slightly inflated, with initial portion mainly smooth; two main smooth spiral cords gradually appear, situated at 27–34% and 69–73% of last whorl height, abapical cord slightly to considerably more prominent, in addition to a very narrow subsutural cord; gradual transition to teleoconch, from a smooth spiral sculpture to a nodulous one. Teleoconch with up to 25 narrow whorls; three main spiral cords (continuous to those of protoconch), abapical one often more prominent in initial whorls; median spiral cord soon reaches same size as abapical cord, but adapical spiral cord slowly strengthens along teleoconch, reaching same size as other cords only in 21 +th +–23 +th +whorl; suture very shallow, with a smooth sutural cord; 15–18 nearly orthocline to opisthocline axial ribs on 12 +th +teleoconch whorl; medium-sized, nearly rounded to slightly elliptical nodules; nearly smooth subperipheral cord, with a smooth, very thin basal cord right below it; a weak supranumerical cord may form between median and abapical spiral cords; small, nearly rounded to slightly elliptical aperture, +1.04–1.13 mm +long, +0.74–0.88 mm +wide, length/width ratio 1.2–1.5; anterior canal very short, open, +0.22–0.29 mm +long, +0.23–0.30 mm +wide, length/width ratio 0.8–1.2; posterior canal as a small notch, not detached from aperture. Shell white. + + + + + +Remarks + + + +The +lectotype +of + +S +. +enopla + +is composed of two fragments which are probably derived from a single shell ( +Fernandes & Pimenta 2019a +: fig. 3x), nearly matching the ~18 teleoconch whorls counted by +Dall (1927) +. Unfortunately, the +paralectotypes +illustrated by +Rolán & Fernández-Garcés (2008) +are currently missing (NMNH invertebrate collection website). Shells of + +S +. cf. +enopla + +from +Guadeloupe +sometimes have a constricted apex ( +Figs 7–8 +), which is also slightly the case in the +lectotype +. Similarly to the type material ( +Rolán & Fernández-Garcés 2008 +), shells of + +S +. cf. +enopla + +have a protoconch with a more developed abapical spiral cord, which remains more prominent than other spirals until the initial whorls of the teleoconch. In addition, the first protoconch whorl is slightly (but not considerably) inflated. The major difference between shells from +Georgia +and +Guadeloupe +is the strength of the adapical spiral cord of the teleoconch, which is much reduced in the former, nearly indistinct. In shells from +Guadeloupe +, the adapical spiral cord reaches the same size as other cords only in the 21 +th +–23 +th +whorl, but such an equivalence of strength seems impossible to be reached in larger shells from +Georgia +, judging from the +lectotype +. Because of the little available material from the type locality, the present identification is tentative until new material becomes available for comparison. + + +Another similar species to + +S +. cf. +enopla + +is + +Inella pseudotorticula +Rolán & Lee, 2008 + +from +Bermuda +. These two species mainly differ by their color pattern, which is entirely white in + +S +. cf. +enopla + +, but with white whorls alternating with light brown whorls in + +I +. +pseudotorticula +( +Rolán & Fernández-Garcés 2008 +) + +. The +types +of + +Inella apexbilirata +Rolán & Fernández-Garcés, 2008 + +, from +the Bahamas +, have the first protoconch whorl not inflated, but with spiral cords emerging since its beginning (whereas they gradually appear in the protoconch of + +S +. cf. +enopla + +). In addition, the +types +of + +I +. +apexbilirata + +are small adults, reaching only +3.5 mm +in length for ~nine teleoconch whorls vs +9.9–15.3 mm +for a maximum of 25 teleoconch whorls in adults of + +S +. cf. +enopla + +. + + + +Fig. 7. + +Strobiligera +cf. +enopla +( +Dall, 1927 +) + +. +A–B +. MNHN, stn DW4544, 11.6 mm. +C–H +. MNHN, stn DW4549, 15.3 mm, 11.5 mm, 11.1 mm. +I–J +. MNHN, stn DW4550, 9.9 mm. +K–L +. MNHN, stn DW4572, 13.2 mm. Scale bars: A, C, E, G, I, K = 1 mm; B, D, F, H, J, L = 500 µm. + + + +A peculiar shell from +Guadeloupe +( +Fig. 8G–H +) has reduced adapical and median spiral cords on the teleoconch when compared to typical shells of + +S +. cf. +enopla + +with the same number of teleoconch whorls, in addition to more convex whorls and cream patches along the teleoconch. I am undecided whether this is simply an atypical shell or a distinct species. + + + + + +Geographic distribution + + + +USA +: +Georgia +( +Dall 1927 +); +Cuba +( +Rolán & Fernández-Garcés 2008 +); +Guadeloupe +(this study). + + + +Bathymetric distribution + + + +Empty shells previously known from +538–823 m +( +Rolán & Fernández-Garcés 2008 +). This study: +343– 482 m +(empty shells), +100–258 m +(live specimen). + + + + \ No newline at end of file