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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Freshwater bivalves of the Tonle Sap basin, Cambodia (Arcidae, Mytilidae, Cyrenidae) A Scaphula minuta B Limnoperna fortunei C Sinomytilus harmandi D-G Corbicula spp. Scale bars: 10 mm, unless stated otherwise. Photographs by TH Ng (A-C) and K Macharoenboon (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.958.53865.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/441305" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
<treatment id="EE6ACAC1C0515E6DB980FD3C4EE01C47" ID-GBIF-Taxon="166239809" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EE6ACAC1C0515E6DB980FD3C4EE01C47" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EE6ACAC1C0515E6DB980FD3C4EE01C47" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" scope_class="Bivalvia" scope_family="Mytilidae" scope_subClass="Pteriomorphia" scope_superFamily="Mytiloidea">
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<taxonomicName id="3993C27F1CCC3DE3DB4E25DCC9DEE47C" ID-CoL="6QDBQ" LSID="EE6ACAC1-C051-5E6D-B980-FD3C4EE01C47" authority="(Dunker, 1856)" baseAuthorityName="Dunker" baseAuthorityYear="1856" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Limnoperna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnoperna fortunei" order="Mytilida" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fortunei">Limnoperna fortunei (Dunker, 1856)</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation id="630EEECFF3E0EFCD05FF49F1D8F2D077" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Freshwater bivalves of the Tonle Sap basin, Cambodia (Arcidae, Mytilidae, Cyrenidae) A Scaphula minuta B Limnoperna fortunei C Sinomytilus harmandi D-G Corbicula spp. Scale bars: 10 mm, unless stated otherwise. Photographs by TH Ng (A-C) and K Macharoenboon (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.958.53865.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/441305" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
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<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Volsella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Volsella fortunei" order="Mytilida" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fortunei">Volsella fortunei</taxonomicName>
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Dunker, 1856: 361, 362. Type locality: &quot;Mare Chinense&quot;.
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Morelet" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Limnoperna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnoperna siamensis" order="Mytilida" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="siamensis">Limnoperna siamensis</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="0136F9C59A84CC4DF5DB6479E29039F4" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
<taxonomicName id="591C3756616A6AF59E3A45060C263093" baseAuthorityName="Morelet" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Limnoperna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnoperna siamensis" order="Mytilida" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="siamensis">Limnoperna siamensis</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Brandt, RAM" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" pagination="1 - 423" refId="B8" refString="Brandt, RAM, 1974. The non-marine aquatic Mollusca of Thailand. Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde 105: 1 - 423" title="The non-marine aquatic Mollusca of Thailand." volume="105" year="1974">Brandt 1974</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="DA2B0F202E6C56AB3F4FD95EE4F4217E" author="Brandt, RAM" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" pagination="1 - 423" refId="B8" refString="Brandt, RAM, 1974. The non-marine aquatic Mollusca of Thailand. Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde 105: 1 - 423" title="The non-marine aquatic Mollusca of Thailand." volume="105" year="1974">Brandt 1974</bibRefCitation>
: 256.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Dunker" baseAuthorityYear="1856" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Limnoperna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnoperna fortunei" order="Mytilida" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fortunei">Limnoperna fortunei</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="F9F23508445E1BEA373DCC2D26F9D6A1" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
<taxonomicName id="E59D01993186C0E2E9CB5F4CFACE8ED0" baseAuthorityName="Dunker" baseAuthorityYear="1856" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Limnoperna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnoperna fortunei" order="Mytilida" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fortunei">Limnoperna fortunei</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Morton, B" journalOrPublisher="Molluscan Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" pagination="57 - 72" refId="B60" refString="Morton, B, Dinesen, GE, 2010. Colonization of Asian freshwaters by the Mytilidae (Bivalvia): a comparison of Sinomytilus harmandi from the Tonle-Sap River, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, with Limnoperna fortunei. Molluscan Research 30 (2): 57 - 72" title="Colonization of Asian freshwaters by the Mytilidae (Bivalvia): a comparison of Sinomytilus harmandi from the Tonle-Sap River, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, with Limnoperna fortunei." volume="30" year="2010">Morton and Dinesen 2010</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="BA08FA637FE1F5723FBF336941FAF196" author="Morton, B" journalOrPublisher="Molluscan Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" pagination="57 - 72" refId="B60" refString="Morton, B, Dinesen, GE, 2010. Colonization of Asian freshwaters by the Mytilidae (Bivalvia): a comparison of Sinomytilus harmandi from the Tonle-Sap River, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, with Limnoperna fortunei. Molluscan Research 30 (2): 57 - 72" title="Colonization of Asian freshwaters by the Mytilidae (Bivalvia): a comparison of Sinomytilus harmandi from the Tonle-Sap River, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, with Limnoperna fortunei." volume="30" year="2010">Morton and Dinesen 2010</bibRefCitation>
: 57-72.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="107" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="107">ZRC.MOL.015660, ZRC.MOL.015661, ZRC.MOL.015664, ZRC.MOL.015665, ZRC.MOL.015666.</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="F49B069EFC945DA690A3EB7EB4F9C1B5" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="6B1886B0B42F33635C2E8879C1F17A73" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3BC32F154B2F1DB7EA5E757063832682" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">ZRC.MOL.015660, ZRC.MOL.015661, ZRC.MOL.015664, ZRC.MOL.015665, ZRC.MOL.015666.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="107" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Tonle Sap River at Kampong Chhnang Province, and Tonle Sap Lake at Kampong Chhnang and Siem Reap Provinces (locality no. 8, 12, 37, 38 and 40). Occur in colonies attached by byssus threads to hard surfaces like man-made structures (e.g., boats, jetties, wooden pillars of homes), on unionid bivalves, and occasionally the shells of large freshwater gastropods.</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="C89DA980CBF1DA1F745CBBAEA8E4E0A1" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="189328EF4F42EE7750FB2569D9756F1C" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C4184441EB094B4D085D8472E0FC6058" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Tonle Sap River at Kampong Chhnang Province, and Tonle Sap Lake at Kampong Chhnang and Siem Reap Provinces (locality no. 8, 12, 37, 38 and 40). Occur in colonies attached by byssus threads to hard surfaces like man-made structures (e.g., boats, jetties, wooden pillars of homes), on unionid bivalves, and occasionally the shells of large freshwater gastropods.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="107" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Dunker" baseAuthorityYear="1856" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Limnoperna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnoperna fortunei" order="Mytilida" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fortunei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Limnoperna fortunei</emphasis>
<subSubSection id="036E90CA6F71C8D7BFA96C85787AA5C3" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="343064B36C16A12DE0F4431044D726EA" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="92E19F17D02D0A967EDC20A251DB8A9E" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
<taxonomicName id="03B2B20CB0B2BD9C3CF873C6A2952875" baseAuthorityName="Dunker" baseAuthorityYear="1856" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Limnoperna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnoperna fortunei" order="Mytilida" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fortunei">
<emphasis id="F489523039A6DCF1B65FA24FE539805E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Limnoperna fortunei</emphasis>
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is native to East Asia, and although previously thought to be naturally distributed in the countries south of China (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation author="Brandt, RAM" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" pagination="1 - 423" refId="B8" refString="Brandt, RAM, 1974. The non-marine aquatic Mollusca of Thailand. Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde 105: 1 - 423" title="The non-marine aquatic Mollusca of Thailand." volume="105" year="1974">Brandt 1974</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="9154A1C0684C2EA9966FB7E16D13A399" author="Brandt, RAM" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" pagination="1 - 423" refId="B8" refString="Brandt, RAM, 1974. The non-marine aquatic Mollusca of Thailand. Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde 105: 1 - 423" title="The non-marine aquatic Mollusca of Thailand." volume="105" year="1974">Brandt 1974</bibRefCitation>
), has recently been proposed to be introduced to tropical Indochina, including Cambodia (
<bibRefCitation author="Morton, B" journalOrPublisher="Molluscan Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" pagination="57 - 72" refId="B60" refString="Morton, B, Dinesen, GE, 2010. Colonization of Asian freshwaters by the Mytilidae (Bivalvia): a comparison of Sinomytilus harmandi from the Tonle-Sap River, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, with Limnoperna fortunei. Molluscan Research 30 (2): 57 - 72" title="Colonization of Asian freshwaters by the Mytilidae (Bivalvia): a comparison of Sinomytilus harmandi from the Tonle-Sap River, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, with Limnoperna fortunei." volume="30" year="2010">Morton and Dinesen 2010</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="0268EB870C44328591F9B04AA449FFAC" author="Morton, B" journalOrPublisher="Molluscan Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" pagination="57 - 72" refId="B60" refString="Morton, B, Dinesen, GE, 2010. Colonization of Asian freshwaters by the Mytilidae (Bivalvia): a comparison of Sinomytilus harmandi from the Tonle-Sap River, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, with Limnoperna fortunei. Molluscan Research 30 (2): 57 - 72" title="Colonization of Asian freshwaters by the Mytilidae (Bivalvia): a comparison of Sinomytilus harmandi from the Tonle-Sap River, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, with Limnoperna fortunei." volume="30" year="2010">Morton and Dinesen 2010</bibRefCitation>
). However, its occurrence in Cambodia has been noted since the latter half of the 1800s (Suppl. material 1: Table S1, also see
<bibRefCitation author="Morton, B" journalOrPublisher="Molluscan Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" pagination="57 - 72" refId="B60" refString="Morton, B, Dinesen, GE, 2010. Colonization of Asian freshwaters by the Mytilidae (Bivalvia): a comparison of Sinomytilus harmandi from the Tonle-Sap River, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, with Limnoperna fortunei. Molluscan Research 30 (2): 57 - 72" title="Colonization of Asian freshwaters by the Mytilidae (Bivalvia): a comparison of Sinomytilus harmandi from the Tonle-Sap River, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, with Limnoperna fortunei." volume="30" year="2010">Morton and Dinesen (2010)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="BA422EEB7EAB24B6FF5D42E42726D660" author="Morton, B" journalOrPublisher="Molluscan Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" pagination="57 - 72" refId="B60" refString="Morton, B, Dinesen, GE, 2010. Colonization of Asian freshwaters by the Mytilidae (Bivalvia): a comparison of Sinomytilus harmandi from the Tonle-Sap River, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, with Limnoperna fortunei. Molluscan Research 30 (2): 57 - 72" title="Colonization of Asian freshwaters by the Mytilidae (Bivalvia): a comparison of Sinomytilus harmandi from the Tonle-Sap River, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, with Limnoperna fortunei." volume="30" year="2010">Morton and Dinesen (2010)</bibRefCitation>
). The species is known to be sympatric with
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Rochebrune" baseAuthorityYear="1882" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Sinomytilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinomytilus harmandi" order="Mytilida" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="harmandi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Sinomytilus harmandi</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D8FB42564355B06B9EF12F4E93E82DD2" baseAuthorityName="Rochebrune" baseAuthorityYear="1882" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Sinomytilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinomytilus harmandi" order="Mytilida" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="harmandi">
<emphasis id="524B1118D94F2018D749F0B400DF0A5F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Sinomytilus harmandi</emphasis>
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in Cambodia (
<bibRefCitation author="Morton, B" journalOrPublisher="Molluscan Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" pagination="57 - 72" refId="B60" refString="Morton, B, Dinesen, GE, 2010. Colonization of Asian freshwaters by the Mytilidae (Bivalvia): a comparison of Sinomytilus harmandi from the Tonle-Sap River, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, with Limnoperna fortunei. Molluscan Research 30 (2): 57 - 72" title="Colonization of Asian freshwaters by the Mytilidae (Bivalvia): a comparison of Sinomytilus harmandi from the Tonle-Sap River, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, with Limnoperna fortunei." volume="30" year="2010">Morton and Dinesen 2010</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="289C86D0F52CEF8C3DD7D739C1EDEC69" author="Morton, B" journalOrPublisher="Molluscan Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" pagination="57 - 72" refId="B60" refString="Morton, B, Dinesen, GE, 2010. Colonization of Asian freshwaters by the Mytilidae (Bivalvia): a comparison of Sinomytilus harmandi from the Tonle-Sap River, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, with Limnoperna fortunei. Molluscan Research 30 (2): 57 - 72" title="Colonization of Asian freshwaters by the Mytilidae (Bivalvia): a comparison of Sinomytilus harmandi from the Tonle-Sap River, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, with Limnoperna fortunei." volume="30" year="2010">Morton and Dinesen 2010</bibRefCitation>
), and in fact, we found that both species are syntopic, as most colonies of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Dunker" baseAuthorityYear="1856" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Limnoperna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnoperna fortunei" order="Mytilida" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fortunei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Limnoperna fortunei</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="DE8379B38EE31708FF19328548B8B958" baseAuthorityName="Dunker" baseAuthorityYear="1856" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Limnoperna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnoperna fortunei" order="Mytilida" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fortunei">
<emphasis id="CCE1A1FADE818518B0638DB2D106A9FC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Limnoperna fortunei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
included individuals of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Rochebrune" baseAuthorityYear="1882" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Sinomytilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinomytilus harmandi" order="Mytilida" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="harmandi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Sinomytilus harmandi</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CA3CA4D84AA2A99AB6619B2532700263" baseAuthorityName="Rochebrune" baseAuthorityYear="1882" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Sinomytilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinomytilus harmandi" order="Mytilida" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="harmandi">
<emphasis id="B79636D88D561CD0F63EF2BFDBA577A4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Sinomytilus harmandi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>

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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Disersus_chibcha" authority="Spangler &amp; Santiago-Fragoso, 1987" authorityName="Spangler &amp; Santiago-Fragoso" authorityYear="1987" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Disersus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Disersus chibcha" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chibcha">Disersus chibcha Spangler &amp; Santiago-Fragoso, 1987</taxonomicName>
<treatment id="EEAB503BB22986AB60233980B66E4C8C" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152047470" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EEAB503BB22986AB60233980B66E4C8C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EEAB503BB22986AB60233980B66E4C8C" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" scope_family="Elmidae" scope_order="Coleoptera" scope_subFamily="Larainae">
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<paragraph id="BC662BAA944A30E753D3B917349B50BA" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="8908A592F06A434C4DE802ADDB4DF2A0" ID-CoL="6DBLJ" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Disersus_chibcha" authority="Spangler &amp; Santiago-Fragoso, 1987" authorityName="Spangler &amp; Santiago-Fragoso" authorityYear="1987" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Disersus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Disersus chibcha" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chibcha">Disersus chibcha Spangler &amp; Santiago-Fragoso, 1987</taxonomicName>
Figs 1, 9, 10, 11, 12
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<paragraph id="C79AFE8442C986E206E6FAAC422F6624" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
For complete description and genitalia illustrations see
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<bibRefCitation id="2EFBD9DE0C738BCDA3A4CDEE9384ED02" author="Spangler, PJ" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="56" pageNumber="89" title="A revision of the Neotropical aquatic beetle genera Disersus, Pseudodisersus and Potamophilops (Coleoptera: Elmidae)." volume="446" year="1987">Spangler and Santiago-Fragoso 1987</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" type="material examined">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
<subSubSection id="FC908385EEBC7BDFB920D980A5DEB8C3" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" type="material examined">
<paragraph id="F55FAA29F4F753F0AE6EE6ADF2118B91" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E3E13658F0DEB7584AF6248C1BCBA020" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
COLOMBIA: Valle del Cauca: &quot;COLOMBIA: Dept Valle; 4km W. Cisneros; 28-II-69; R.E. Woodruff; Blacklight trap&quot; (2 paratypes USNM). VENEZUELA:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mérida">Merida</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="BA9130E796B18C38F4BEE360CCE5CAC0" originalValue="Mérida">Merida</normalizedToken>
State: &quot;VENEZUELA:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mérida">Merida</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="E75DCE599808749FBC244270F6543897" originalValue="Mérida">Merida</normalizedToken>
State;
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="8.735233">8°44.114'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="33A2EA17E34AF225E3A405DC784766AD" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="8.735233">8°44.114'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-71.4483">71°26.898'W</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="99BB6E9DF13E5BE72BD9B31CEB0648AA" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-71.4483">71°26.898'W</geoCoordinate>
, 873m; ca. 2 km S La Azulita; Cascada la Palmita; 21.vii.2009; leg. Shepard; VZ09-0721-01Z&quot; (1 specimen SEMC). &quot;Venezuela
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mérida">Merida</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="C62DA0B50B28DF09AB5958A28228F376" originalValue="Mérida">Merida</normalizedToken>
; Dtto. Justo
<normalizedToken originalValue="Briceño">Briceno</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="FF6D82469B030A24B4D067C78F880946" originalValue="Briceño">Briceno</normalizedToken>
;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cañada">Canada</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="AD6977229A18F99F927B2EBA2E819E7B" originalValue="Cañada">Canada</normalizedToken>
de San Jose; 14/15-VII-1990&quot; &quot;Colector:; J. Camacho&quot; (1 specimen MALUZ).
<normalizedToken originalValue="Táchira">Tachira</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="B99193952A31AFFBBFC0736028D18AF8" originalValue="Táchira">Tachira</normalizedToken>
State: &quot;Rio Frio; Venezuela, Tachi-; ra [
<normalizedToken originalValue="Táchira">Tachira</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="C8F675CF2A4BEA633D7F33889CDFB035" originalValue="Táchira">Tachira</normalizedToken>
State]. 600m.; 2
<normalizedToken originalValue="–10-IX-1981”">-10-IX-1981&quot;</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="2DD511FE1656E253568A38D36D80A41C" originalValue="–10-IX-1981”">-10-IX-1981&quot;</normalizedToken>
&quot;F. Fernandez. Y; J. Clavijo; A. Chacon&quot; (5 specimens MIZA). &quot;Rio Frio; Venezuela, Tachi-; ra [
<normalizedToken originalValue="Táchira">Tachira</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="7A8DFF1B4F3348B4375E6382F58CB0C6" originalValue="Táchira">Tachira</normalizedToken>
State]. 600m.; 20
<normalizedToken originalValue="–24-IV-1982”">-24-IV-1982&quot;</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="DE09566D60A5BD1AEF479C6ADF49839B" originalValue="–24-IV-1982”">-24-IV-1982&quot;</normalizedToken>
&quot;Expedicion; Zoologia; Agricola&quot; (2 specimens MIZA). &quot;Venezuela:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Táchira">Tachira</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="C7D9DABFC266DEC17E0E58A7097C05F5" originalValue="Táchira">Tachira</normalizedToken>
; Quebrada La Uraca San; Felix 300m 17-22-vi-1998; J. DeMarmels y A. Chacon&quot; (1 specimen MIZA). &quot;Venezuela:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Táchira">Tachira</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="F356B851EC6890FAAAEC31D0D7945C65" originalValue="Táchira">Tachira</normalizedToken>
; Quebrada La Uraca San; Felix 300m 7-16-v-2002; J. DeMarmels y A. Chacon&quot; (2 specimens MIZA). &quot;Venez.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Táchira">Tachira</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="78957C0B5AB272FAF79A9486C94FC6CA" originalValue="Táchira">Tachira</normalizedToken>
; Sn. Felix Rio Uraca; 350m; 12
<normalizedToken originalValue="–19-iv-1996”">-19-iv-1996&quot;</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="8D508251C03D3773D98ED13EAE2718F1" originalValue="–19-iv-1996”">-19-iv-1996&quot;</normalizedToken>
&quot;J. DeMarmels, A.; Chacon&quot; (2 specimens MIZA). &quot;Venezuela
<normalizedToken originalValue="Táchira">Tachira</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="A4DD7250452D3CF22BFE1703CC1D1869" originalValue="Táchira">Tachira</normalizedToken>
; La Blanca cr. Colon; La Fria
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="36" start="start">1000</pageBreakToken>
<pageBreakToken id="B2246362F4C65AE987F4798396B1C5B5" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" start="start">1000</pageBreakToken>
m; 14-21-iv-1998; Cols. J. DeMarmels; A. Chacon&quot; (1 specimen MIZA). Trujillo State: &quot;Venezuela Trujillo; Mcpio. Escuque; El Prado. Rio Buena Vista; 05-IV-1992&quot; &quot;J. Camacho; O. Lisano; Colectores&quot; (2 specimens MALUZ).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="36" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
<subSubSection id="57B12C5E04DA72B97D123C1A7756E16E" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="16339F37BC948876A76092869E7A1CE9" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A0451AA41D13446EC00D7942006FBF8" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
This species of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Disersus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Disersus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Disersus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="03F4D77B8E5766A5E64BD84340DE3CCA" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Disersus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Disersus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Disersus</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from its congeners by the combination of an almost entirely bare metatibia (Fig. 12); blackish-brown femora; and indistictly produced elytral apices (Fig. 9), as well as its large size (~8.5 mm) (see
<bibRefCitation author="Spangler, PJ" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="56" pageNumber="89" title="A revision of the Neotropical aquatic beetle genera Disersus, Pseudodisersus and Potamophilops (Coleoptera: Elmidae)." volume="446" year="1987">Spangler and Santiago-Fragoso 1987</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="F60FFD5DDB1EF35503D091796B02083F" author="Spangler, PJ" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="56" pageNumber="89" title="A revision of the Neotropical aquatic beetle genera Disersus, Pseudodisersus and Potamophilops (Coleoptera: Elmidae)." volume="446" year="1987">Spangler and Santiago-Fragoso 1987</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="36" type="intraspecific variation">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Intraspecific variation.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
<subSubSection id="AC25D8B69E7AEA58EE96090D9F161ECC" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" type="intraspecific variation">
<paragraph id="F4F88933C2506C043A82BF28A86F4EFB" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Intraspecific variation.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2127C931F72BE5278AFF74F69880C27B" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
This species varies slightly in size and coloration, from dark brown to nearly black. Additionally, the last abdominal ventrite of the male is notched, while the last abdominal ventrite of the female is slightly sinuate, and the elytral apices of the female are more acute than those of the male (see
<bibRefCitation author="Spangler, PJ" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="56" pageNumber="89" title="A revision of the Neotropical aquatic beetle genera Disersus, Pseudodisersus and Potamophilops (Coleoptera: Elmidae)." volume="446" year="1987">Spangler and Santiago-Fragoso 1987</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="3CCAA9F94951E043A5D345AD4ECFEEC0" author="Spangler, PJ" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="56" pageNumber="89" title="A revision of the Neotropical aquatic beetle genera Disersus, Pseudodisersus and Potamophilops (Coleoptera: Elmidae)." volume="446" year="1987">Spangler and Santiago-Fragoso 1987</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="37" type="habitat and distribution">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="37">
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="37" start="start">Habitat</pageBreakToken>
<subSubSection id="28C418D15CC8D8D9282A4EE8124C363D" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" type="habitat and distribution">
<paragraph id="E8C309E2F54EBDCED2D06558812B8732" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">
<pageBreakToken id="BAFD65EFAF470FDFA2AA92C25C258507" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" start="start">Habitat</pageBreakToken>
and distribution.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="37">
<paragraph id="CE9A17E30EA0C92A2A575A5AF23A0944" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">
Previously,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Disersus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Disersus chibcha" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chibcha">Disersus chibcha</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="ADD3D73148A27ACEE20D006D31DB0917" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Disersus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Disersus chibcha" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chibcha">Disersus chibcha</taxonomicName>
was known only from a blacklight trap at Valle del Cauca, Colombia (
<bibRefCitation author="Spangler, PJ" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="56" pageNumber="89" title="A revision of the Neotropical aquatic beetle genera Disersus, Pseudodisersus and Potamophilops (Coleoptera: Elmidae)." volume="446" year="1987">Spangler and Santiago-Fragoso 1987</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="B0CA8C0C6DBB4D9C62A7525FA4902C70" author="Spangler, PJ" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="56" pageNumber="89" title="A revision of the Neotropical aquatic beetle genera Disersus, Pseudodisersus and Potamophilops (Coleoptera: Elmidae)." volume="446" year="1987">Spangler and Santiago-Fragoso 1987</bibRefCitation>
). Subsequent collections of this species, given here, were from high gradient, medium-sized streams and waterfalls throughout the
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mérida">Merida</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="50B683F9C2C4E15E1BC6839F8344D852" originalValue="Mérida">Merida</normalizedToken>
Andes in Venezuela (Fig. 1).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="37" type="associated species">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Associated species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="37">
<subSubSection id="0E0F6A68D83DD2DAC0E5ABFDDA0FA3B1" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" type="associated species">
<paragraph id="5DDE20E20511D2237DE6372607C408F1" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Associated species.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A50EB8663B57814EC1D0A2C4E1D759D7" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">
No other laraine species were collected with
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Disersus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Disersus chibcha" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chibcha">Disersus chibcha</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="3CB801BBA803D374D5B0CE1CF29A56FF" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Disersus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Disersus chibcha" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chibcha">Disersus chibcha</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>

138
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<treatment id="EEF1F4AB87AC06AD91491016E3371FBC" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154472641" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EEF1F4AB87AC06AD91491016E3371FBC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EEF1F4AB87AC06AD91491016E3371FBC" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" scope_family="Pontederiaceae" scope_order="Commelinales">
<subSubSection id="5658CD76084577FC4F44F84ED481EBCE" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="B09C80CC49BCF6718BACFCA1AF2E815B" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
4.4.
<taxonomicName LSID="418646D7-9509-5735-B418-AB842604E76C" authority="P. Beauv., Fl. Oware 2: 18. 1807." class="Liliopsida" family="Pontederiaceae" genus="Pontederia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pontederia natans" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="natans">Pontederia natans P.Beauv., Fl. Oware 2: 18. 1807.</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="24B51B8DBF01C58521DF9C5F4F1C1B89" ID-CoL="4LTWR" LSID="418646D7-9509-5735-B418-AB842604E76C" authority="P. Beauv., Fl. Oware 2: 18. 1807." class="Liliopsida" family="Pontederiaceae" genus="Pontederia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pontederia natans" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="natans">Pontederia natans P.Beauv., Fl. Oware 2: 18. 1807.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Solms" authorityYear="1882" baseAuthorityName="P. Beauv." class="Liliopsida" family="Pontederiaceae" genus="Eichhornia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eichhornia natans" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="natans">Eichhornia natans</taxonomicName>
<subSubSection id="7400C9B383B84D9223C4D8C69ABA8713" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="470D9AED4E2A3E87305B96B635D1EB09" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="6F209013917C686E75F3A1AFF038ABBB" authorityName="Solms" authorityYear="1882" baseAuthorityName="P. Beauv." class="Liliopsida" family="Pontederiaceae" genus="Eichhornia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eichhornia natans" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="natans">Eichhornia natans</taxonomicName>
(P.Beauv.) Solms, Abh. Naturwiss. Vereins Bremen 7: 254. 1882.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Pontederiaceae" genus="Leptosomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Leptosomus natans" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="natans">Leptosomus natans</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="1806D2C3FFF2AA7758B332B266582DDF" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="DD95322B0516F0E49EE05BE6CBB7A418" class="Liliopsida" family="Pontederiaceae" genus="Leptosomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Leptosomus natans" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="natans">Leptosomus natans</taxonomicName>
(P.Beauv.) Schltdl., Abh. Naturf. Ges. Halle 6: 174. 1862. Lectotype (designated here). NIGERIA. Benin, fleuve Formosa, fl., fr., s.dat., A.M.F. Palisot de Beauvois s.n. (G on 3ex barcode G00418251!; isolectotype: G-DC on 4ex GDC048496!).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Madagascar, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia and Zimbabwe.</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="9255939E64E402A6D022FBA5FC96A2A7" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="23317062DED1731F88158F16DEFD69CD" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B923CB6D2B9C2B6D2DCD0E64CC3580D1" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Madagascar, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia and Zimbabwe.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="nomenclatural notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Nomenclatural notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
<subSubSection id="1033B985FA0B1CC69554034BEB89CC69" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="nomenclatural notes">
<paragraph id="956A94DFEFA8128C9B576C9D63C2BE5C" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Nomenclatural notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E32E4C052394447CE9486302905F8126" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
When describing
<taxonomicName family="Pontederiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. natans" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="natans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">P. natans</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3C667DB6316B11173ED0B5303D629E59" class="Liliopsida" family="Pontederiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. natans" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="natans">
<emphasis id="B40303819B58756EB16EE7154FAA1F12" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">P. natans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Palisot de Beauvois, AMFJ" journalOrPublisher="De L'Imprimerie de Fain et Compagnie, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" refId="B73" refString="Palisot de Beauvois, AMFJ, 1807. Flore d'Oware et de Benin, en Afrique, Tome 2. De L'Imprimerie de Fain et Compagnie, Paris" title="Flore d'Oware et de Benin, en Afrique, Tome 2." year="1807">Palisot de Beauvois (1807)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="5702A05E10D770CCA65065908B264B87" author="Palisot de Beauvois, AMFJ" journalOrPublisher="De L'Imprimerie de Fain et Compagnie, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" refId="B73" refString="Palisot de Beauvois, AMFJ, 1807. Flore d'Oware et de Benin, en Afrique, Tome 2. De L'Imprimerie de Fain et Compagnie, Paris" title="Flore d'Oware et de Benin, en Afrique, Tome 2." year="1807">Palisot de Beauvois (1807)</bibRefCitation>
comments that his new species is common at the margins of the Formosa River (currently called Benin River). After analysing specimens from G and G-DC herbarium, we came across two specimens, mounted on seven sheets. The specimen GDC048496 is mounted on four sheets, composed of several flowering and fruiting specimens, with an extremely detailed annotation in the handwriting of Palisot de Beauvois. Nonetheless, the specimen G00418251 is mounted on three sheets, with the second sheet possessing a detached petiolate leaf and a copy of the original illustration and the third possessing the specimen on which the illustration was based. Thus, the G00418251 specimen is the obvious choice for a lectotype.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="taxonomical notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Taxonomical notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
<subSubSection id="BE3F7C5C91EE0AC58C1B9402DE40199C" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="taxonomical notes">
<paragraph id="A9AA4FA20B246CC18AA4CDE5259B25F4" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Taxonomical notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6DF4AEAEAA38092A1DA58E2B8ECD878C" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
The African
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="E. natans" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="natans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">E. natans</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="499CAFEF8BDCDB8DF264800AD6D310AA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="E. natans" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="natans">
<emphasis id="5061D0B28DAC3335D7870F157A27681F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">E. natans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(≡
<taxonomicName family="Pontederiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. natans" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="natans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">P. natans</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="FE552655C6053C6C75B33FFAFBD8D3DC" class="Liliopsida" family="Pontederiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. natans" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="natans">
<emphasis id="AAA88601842851A750AB3BEAB66C4009" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">P. natans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) is currently treated as a synonym of the Neotropical
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Pontederiaceae" genus="Eichhornia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eichhornia diversifolia" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="diversifolia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Eichhornia diversifolia</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="48B3642E6940DA1F9FFA17A94EB7B946" class="Liliopsida" family="Pontederiaceae" genus="Eichhornia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eichhornia diversifolia" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="diversifolia">
<emphasis id="4441F5E82BE947F01AC98E6BD8E4B267" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Eichhornia diversifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(≡
<taxonomicName family="Pontederiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. diversifolia" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="diversifolia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">P. diversifolia</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E2D42799F83C028168E18530EB6B6516" class="Liliopsida" family="Pontederiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. diversifolia" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="diversifolia">
<emphasis id="E772EA2B6CA92EEC6C4CEBBFC1ED7191" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">P. diversifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) by all online databases (i.e.
<bibRefCitation author="eMonocot" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" publicationUrl="http://e-monocot.org" refId="B29" refString="eMonocot, 2010. eMonocot (Version 1.0.2). http://e-monocot.org" title="eMonocot (Version 1.0.2)." url="http://e-monocot.org" year="2010">eMonocot 2010</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="29B37DD63966D2E1BC0EF4F139954F42" author="eMonocot" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" publicationUrl="http://e-monocot.org" refId="B29" refString="eMonocot, 2010. eMonocot (Version 1.0.2). http://e-monocot.org" title="eMonocot (Version 1.0.2)." url="http://e-monocot.org" year="2010">eMonocot 2010</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="The Plant List" journalOrPublisher="Mathematical Biosciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" publicationUrl="http://www.theplantlist.org" refId="B114" refString="The Plant List, 2013. The Plant List (Version 1.1). http://www.theplantlist.org" title="The Plant List (Version 1.1)." url="http://www.theplantlist.org" year="2013">The Plant List 2013</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="973762CD2D6D841252B39D6C9CD4F71D" author="The Plant List" journalOrPublisher="Mathematical Biosciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" publicationUrl="http://www.theplantlist.org" refId="B114" refString="The Plant List, 2013. The Plant List (Version 1.1). http://www.theplantlist.org" title="The Plant List (Version 1.1)." url="http://www.theplantlist.org" year="2013">The Plant List 2013</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Govaerts, R" journalOrPublisher="Hindasia Publishers, Delhi" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" publicationUrl="http://wcsp.science.kew.org/" refId="B40" refString="Govaerts, R, 2018. World Checklist of Pontederiaceae. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://wcsp.science.kew.org/" title="World Checklist of Pontederiaceae. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew." url="http://wcsp.science.kew.org/" year="2018">Govaerts 2018</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="1C12A4BAB70FBD865CE8FEDA19EE6366" author="Govaerts, R" journalOrPublisher="Hindasia Publishers, Delhi" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" publicationUrl="http://wcsp.science.kew.org/" refId="B40" refString="Govaerts, R, 2018. World Checklist of Pontederiaceae. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://wcsp.science.kew.org/" title="World Checklist of Pontederiaceae. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew." url="http://wcsp.science.kew.org/" year="2018">Govaerts 2018</bibRefCitation>
;
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<bibRefCitation id="EBDCCBAA01D032767B9F6EF0A8F503C2" author="Tropicos. org" journalOrPublisher="Mathematical Biosciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" publicationUrl="http://www.tropicos.org/" refId="B116" refString="Tropicos.org, 2018. Tropicos. Missouri Botanical Garden. http://www.tropicos.org/" title="Tropicos. Missouri Botanical Garden." url="http://www.tropicos.org/" year="2018">Tropicos.org 2018</bibRefCitation>
). Nonetheless, as indicated in our identification key (see above), both species can be easily differentiated based on the number of flowers per inflorescence, floral diameter, presence or absence of a nectar guide, pubescence of the filaments and capsule dehiscence. Thus,
<taxonomicName family="Pontederiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. natans" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="natans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">P. natans</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BBEA73D031E27FC149DD377B75BD0F46" class="Liliopsida" family="Pontederiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. natans" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="natans">
<emphasis id="5C96ECF7110512E8A285639FEF33B648" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">P. natans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is here re-established.
</paragraph>