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<mods:title id="0711F4D4B8B3687B0F3BFE7E0EF0A119">Subgeneric classification and biology of the leafcutter and dauber bees (genus Megachile Latreille) of the western Palearctic (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Megachilidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1EF7B94ED38DBABD5C2AED10765D66AE">Praz, Christophe J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="433B175D6A7EE7A576374A9BED9D6AAE">University of Neuchatel, Institute of Biology, Evolutionary Entomology, Emile-Argand 11, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="0C333EE4CF85C269AD60BB1BBDA8EFAE" ID-GBIF-Taxon="128834671" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0C333EE4CF85C269AD60BB1BBDA8EFAE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0C333EE4CF85C269AD60BB1BBDA8EFAE" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<subSubSection id="54795CA8EE1631C7B1344289B2624691" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2CBFDB5F24E9208D1362CCA0B795E8C5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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Subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="8CBACF9442274CDD5164AC5E59ED6184" LSID="553BB12A-C8A5-5A6B-AB53-3FE7160E7AA4" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="(Chalicodoma)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Chalicodoma">Chalicodoma</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="8CBACF9442274CDD5164AC5E59ED6184" LSID="553BB12A-C8A5-5A6B-AB53-3FE7160E7AA4" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="(Chalicodoma)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" subGenus="Chalicodoma">Chalicodoma</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D0F4E758F8C3FD0AF793A8AFA223A864" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="diagnosis">
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@ -55,71 +55,71 @@ Subgenus
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: Females can be recognized by the combination of the convex, denticulate apical margin of the clypeus and the elongate mandible with a straight margin above the two apical teeth (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="2531F6A87D55B29BD5B40483065E6E59" captionStart="Figures 16–23" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 16 - 23. Female clypeus and mandibles, front view. 16 Megachile (Creightonella) amabilis 17 M. (Maximegachile) maxillosa; the white line indicates the hypostomal tooth 18 M. (Callomegachile) sculpturalis 19 M. (Chalicodoma) hungarica 20 M. (Pseudomegachile) ericetorum 21 M. (Pseudomegachile) incana 22 M. (Pseudomegachile) sp. aff. incana 23 M. (Pseudomegachile) foersteri." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11255.figures16-23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/133915" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">19</figureCitation>
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) (rarely with minute tooth 3, e.g., in the
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<taxonomicName id="D6B33524F86CF979EF78D2909DE4545C" baseAuthorityName="Dours" baseAuthorityYear="1873" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Chalicodoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chalicodoma montenegrensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montenegrensis">
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<taxonomicName id="D6B33524F86CF979EF78D2909DE4545C" baseAuthorityName="Dours" baseAuthorityYear="1873" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Chalicodoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chalicodoma montenegrensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" species="montenegrensis">
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<emphasis id="A86613C3B408EAE6AB1FBA5FCA489E60" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Chalicodoma montenegrensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group). Only some species of
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<taxonomicName id="7943051F3834049A2F156BEA28946923" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Chalicodoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="(Pseudomegachile)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pseudomegachile">
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<taxonomicName id="7943051F3834049A2F156BEA28946923" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Chalicodoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="(Pseudomegachile)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" subGenus="Pseudomegachile">
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<emphasis id="1E1F184F1C735FDD2003E2DAF971E1A3" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pseudomegachile</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have similarly elongate mandibles, for example
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<taxonomicName id="D82EFAE44A471113D02C2296E5CCC946" authorityName="Lepeletier" authorityYear="1841" class="Insecta" family="Asteraceae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile ericetorum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ericetorum">
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<taxonomicName id="D82EFAE44A471113D02C2296E5CCC946" authorityName="Lepeletier" authorityYear="1841" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile ericetorum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="ericetorum">
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<emphasis id="6B8945B9EFA26F162C38615EB836D422" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Megachile ericetorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation id="05A1D553E5702B31B98B6BC357F8E490" captionStart="Figures 16–23" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 16 - 23. Female clypeus and mandibles, front view. 16 Megachile (Creightonella) amabilis 17 M. (Maximegachile) maxillosa; the white line indicates the hypostomal tooth 18 M. (Callomegachile) sculpturalis 19 M. (Chalicodoma) hungarica 20 M. (Pseudomegachile) ericetorum 21 M. (Pseudomegachile) incana 22 M. (Pseudomegachile) sp. aff. incana 23 M. (Pseudomegachile) foersteri." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11255.figures16-23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/133915" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">20</figureCitation>
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) and
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<taxonomicName id="386D7830242BF46F992540FAEB6F877E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. lanata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanata">
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<taxonomicName id="386D7830242BF46F992540FAEB6F877E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. lanata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="lanata">
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<emphasis id="DA19696C0783759E8AB0CD0102E025E0" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">M. lanata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The former can easily be separated from
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<taxonomicName id="374A2F0E21037FC65529D99435F91348" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="(Chalicodoma)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Chalicodoma">
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<taxonomicName id="374A2F0E21037FC65529D99435F91348" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="(Chalicodoma)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" subGenus="Chalicodoma">
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<emphasis id="DD2209E7DD32F8A9F56E730BDBB4BD40" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Chalicodoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the different apical margin of the clypeus (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="B7CA7B4FC88E7B50DA62CAF1601BB699" captionStart="Figures 16–23" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 16 - 23. Female clypeus and mandibles, front view. 16 Megachile (Creightonella) amabilis 17 M. (Maximegachile) maxillosa; the white line indicates the hypostomal tooth 18 M. (Callomegachile) sculpturalis 19 M. (Chalicodoma) hungarica 20 M. (Pseudomegachile) ericetorum 21 M. (Pseudomegachile) incana 22 M. (Pseudomegachile) sp. aff. incana 23 M. (Pseudomegachile) foersteri." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11255.figures16-23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/133915" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">20</figureCitation>
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) and the long ocelloccipital distance, which is markedly longer than the interocellar distance;
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<taxonomicName id="A94EB47E2BDA7BCF4E0061802C1D8C2F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. lanata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanata">
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||||
<taxonomicName id="A94EB47E2BDA7BCF4E0061802C1D8C2F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. lanata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="lanata">
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<emphasis id="0E1DD197AC5D64EDDDB4B082EEF38B64" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">M. lanata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has a short clypeus with apical margin entire (as in Fig.
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||||
<figureCitation id="A05E95A8A2635ACCE47AA6945BDB5442" captionStart="Figures 24–29" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 24 - 29. Female clypeus and mandibles, front view. 24. Megachile (Pseudomegachile) seraxensis 25 M. (Pseudomegachile) saussurei 26 - 29 Female hind basitarsus, lateral view 26 M. (Pseudomegachile) ericetorum 27 M. (Pseudomegachile) incana 28 M. (Eutricharaea) giraudi 29 M. (Eurymella) patellimana." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11255.figures24-29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/133916" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">24</figureCitation>
|
||||
), not denticulate. In some species of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2529E1B623698B291EF5AFF1A5E766D9" authorityName="Guerin-Meneville" authorityYear="1844" class="Insecta" family="Asteraceae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile cyanipennis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyanipennis">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2529E1B623698B291EF5AFF1A5E766D9" authorityName="Guerin-Meneville" authorityYear="1844" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile cyanipennis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="cyanipennis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="84B9076C23D39CF21EBBA5FC1C652949" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Megachile cyanipennis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92F5E418EE7C9DE59E6B4AA4AFBA1CA2" class="Insecta" family="Asteraceae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="(Pseudomegachile)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pseudomegachile">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92F5E418EE7C9DE59E6B4AA4AFBA1CA2" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="(Pseudomegachile)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" subGenus="Pseudomegachile">
|
||||
<emphasis id="93E2E45808E8AE3425E32804D891C016" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pseudomegachile</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, notably
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="48CDC42120B1A101CB9D2F0040BBA1FE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. saussurei" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="saussurei">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="48CDC42120B1A101CB9D2F0040BBA1FE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. saussurei" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="saussurei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="75A1B3B7AF0CEBAADB48CB2287A4C018" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">M. saussurei</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Radoszkowski, 1874, the apical margin of the mandible is nearly straight, with reduced teeth (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="4A9A64A360A1CDE0C83EF039CB09D19A" captionStart="Figures 24–29" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 24 - 29. Female clypeus and mandibles, front view. 24. Megachile (Pseudomegachile) seraxensis 25 M. (Pseudomegachile) saussurei 26 - 29 Female hind basitarsus, lateral view 26 M. (Pseudomegachile) ericetorum 27 M. (Pseudomegachile) incana 28 M. (Eutricharaea) giraudi 29 M. (Eurymella) patellimana." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11255.figures24-29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/133916" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">25</figureCitation>
|
||||
), thus approaching the condition found in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F8ADDD4FB03301FE4D2FD3BF49F8B94E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="(Chalicodoma)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Chalicodoma">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F8ADDD4FB03301FE4D2FD3BF49F8B94E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="(Chalicodoma)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" subGenus="Chalicodoma">
|
||||
<emphasis id="EA64ADC55C2B7CFB3499A14FA7968912" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Chalicodoma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. In such species however, the mandible is less elongate, with the outer margin strongly convex. In
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B5696807C37C016C01ED5495B72B5C9A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. (Pseudomegachile) incana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incana" subGenus="Pseudomegachile">M. (Pseudomegachile) incana</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B5696807C37C016C01ED5495B72B5C9A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. (Pseudomegachile) incana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="incana" subGenus="Pseudomegachile">M. (Pseudomegachile) incana</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Friese, 1898, the mandible is 5 to 6 toothed (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="3FA4DEE4CC2B85FF998F20BD154DBED0" captionStart="Figures 16–23" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 16 - 23. Female clypeus and mandibles, front view. 16 Megachile (Creightonella) amabilis 17 M. (Maximegachile) maxillosa; the white line indicates the hypostomal tooth 18 M. (Callomegachile) sculpturalis 19 M. (Chalicodoma) hungarica 20 M. (Pseudomegachile) ericetorum 21 M. (Pseudomegachile) incana 22 M. (Pseudomegachile) sp. aff. incana 23 M. (Pseudomegachile) foersteri." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11255.figures16-23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/133915" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">21</figureCitation>
|
||||
), and in old specimens the teeth may be little visible and the condition thus similar to that seen in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FFE68C6571996B6014928943F5485FCA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="(Chalicodoma)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Chalicodoma">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FFE68C6571996B6014928943F5485FCA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="(Chalicodoma)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" subGenus="Chalicodoma">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BBAC9C02A7AD6CCA634205E7299FAA3E" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Chalicodoma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; as in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EBE79B6B224D58E2AEC0DF8DD64EE0BC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="(Chalicodoma)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Chalicodoma">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EBE79B6B224D58E2AEC0DF8DD64EE0BC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="(Chalicodoma)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" subGenus="Chalicodoma">
|
||||
<emphasis id="1B4560E72BCC32BD2DEA3640CD41D194" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Chalicodoma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, the ocelloccipital distance is shorter than the interocellar distance in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4AA41C3BEE5D5D4996D2C970463ECFBC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. incana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incana">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4AA41C3BEE5D5D4996D2C970463ECFBC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. incana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="incana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A06F5C2507267A49C8AA109EBC9403B3" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">M. incana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. All species of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="08FF6160D1DAD85C802040F269D83BE8" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Pseudomegachile" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudomegachile incana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incana">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="08FF6160D1DAD85C802040F269D83BE8" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Pseudomegachile" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudomegachile incana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" species="incana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="41CC13DBD61280886D0AEF0518D0084A" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pseudomegachile incana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group can easily be diagnosed by the large body size, the light-grey metasomal vestiture without dense tergal fasciae and the comparatively broad hind basitarsus (Fig.
|
||||
|
|
@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ group can easily be diagnosed by the large body size, the light-grey metasomal v
|
|||
).
|
||||
<emphasis id="E185FC37D5918CC5D29200E6A346A562" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Males</emphasis>
|
||||
: Males
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BE79EF78CA0E1186B0CB9E6C646AE953" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Pseudomegachile" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="(Chalicodoma)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Chalicodoma">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BE79EF78CA0E1186B0CB9E6C646AE953" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Pseudomegachile" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="(Chalicodoma)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" subGenus="Chalicodoma">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E5C8E915463B1AD60FB8CD4CD3938544" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Chalicodoma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
fall into three distinct species groups and there are few diagnostic characters common to all. In all species the mandible is comparatively elongate, 3-toothed and without inferior projection, and the preapical carina of T6 is denticulate.
|
||||
|
|
@ -137,19 +137,19 @@ fall into three distinct species groups and there are few diagnostic characters
|
|||
<emphasis id="64120A36842F09C6E3F6B76B961C570C" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figures 24-29.</emphasis>
|
||||
Female clypeus and mandibles, front view.
|
||||
<emphasis id="A0EF51FA5524E0846F9DF58ED35B6203" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">24.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F06E30E9702F74BC6545E849C4B91A4B" authorityName="Radoszkowski" authorityYear="1893" class="Insecta" family="Asteraceae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile (Pseudomegachile) seraxensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seraxensis" subGenus="Pseudomegachile">Megachile (Pseudomegachile) seraxensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F06E30E9702F74BC6545E849C4B91A4B" authorityName="Radoszkowski" authorityYear="1893" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile (Pseudomegachile) seraxensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="seraxensis" subGenus="Pseudomegachile">Megachile (Pseudomegachile) seraxensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="9BC08D6FA33B4AEDAE6212164FB17AAC" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">25</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0AC472565196165C105FA570C369FC4B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. (Pseudomegachile) saussurei" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="saussurei" subGenus="Pseudomegachile">M. (Pseudomegachile) saussurei</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0AC472565196165C105FA570C369FC4B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. (Pseudomegachile) saussurei" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="saussurei" subGenus="Pseudomegachile">M. (Pseudomegachile) saussurei</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="520AB5D71C8F43A9BEEB7B449A707BD4" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">26-29</emphasis>
|
||||
Female hind basitarsus, lateral view
|
||||
<emphasis id="5DC2D5831840E9047C6B1ABA0ED19480" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">26</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C0AD906DD2631D56A74461FC026F79C6" authorityName="Lepeletier" authorityYear="1841" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. (Pseudomegachile) ericetorum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ericetorum" subGenus="Pseudomegachile">M. (Pseudomegachile) ericetorum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C0AD906DD2631D56A74461FC026F79C6" authorityName="Lepeletier" authorityYear="1841" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. (Pseudomegachile) ericetorum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="ericetorum" subGenus="Pseudomegachile">M. (Pseudomegachile) ericetorum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="443E93511E1BFAB4EEECC20E68BB0C52" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">27</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C80F64A6EC2A87C82F961DDADB8033E6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. (Pseudomegachile) incana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incana" subGenus="Pseudomegachile">M. (Pseudomegachile) incana</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C80F64A6EC2A87C82F961DDADB8033E6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. (Pseudomegachile) incana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="incana" subGenus="Pseudomegachile">M. (Pseudomegachile) incana</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="50D91881B86A666FECE1DE5B48D37006" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">28</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A3BC39825C34A33F91AF090B164AC2C9" authorityName="Gerstäcker" authorityYear="1869" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. (Eutricharaea) giraudi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="giraudi" subGenus="Eutricharaea">M. (Eutricharaea) giraudi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A3BC39825C34A33F91AF090B164AC2C9" authorityName="Gerstäcker" authorityYear="1869" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. (Eutricharaea) giraudi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="giraudi" subGenus="Eutricharaea">M. (Eutricharaea) giraudi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="DB4B85411F481C64CBC4FCD1A51CABAC" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">29</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ADBA7ECF11BCC4F7AAE27FE1DEB935C4" authorityName="Spinola" authorityYear="1838" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. (Eurymella) patellimana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="patellimana" subGenus="Eurymella">M. (Eurymella) patellimana</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ADBA7ECF11BCC4F7AAE27FE1DEB935C4" authorityName="Spinola" authorityYear="1838" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. (Eurymella) patellimana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="patellimana" subGenus="Eurymella">M. (Eurymella) patellimana</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
|
|
@ -164,11 +164,11 @@ Female hind basitarsus, lateral view
|
|||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E629CDE05982A7FD6E3E08DF42E11AEC" author="Rebmann, O" journalOrPublisher="Nachrichtenblatt der Bayerischen Entomologen" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="37 - 47" refId="B78" refString="Rebmann, O, 1970. 6. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Gattung Megachile Latr. (Hym., Apidae). Ueber palaearktische Subgenera von Megachile. II. Zur Systematik der " Chalicodoma " Arten. Nachrichtenblatt der Bayerischen Entomologen 19: 37 - 47" title="6. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Gattung Megachile Latr. (Hym., Apidae). Ueber palaearktische Subgenera von Megachile. II. Zur Systematik der " Chalicodoma " Arten." volume="19" year="1970">Rebmann (1970)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
have independently divided the subgenus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6C74851A9E68A3F5A7FDA2F3AFE4A7B6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="(Chalicodoma)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Chalicodoma">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6C74851A9E68A3F5A7FDA2F3AFE4A7B6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="(Chalicodoma)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" subGenus="Chalicodoma">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3A84ADFA70FFEFE1E66E8E141D99C006" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Chalicodoma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
into the same four groups, to which they gave subgeneric rank. I recognize three groups, not four, because
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FAA6B4BF4C0CA7BE0BB67B81681D4633" class="Insecta" family="Asteraceae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile hirsuta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirsuta">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FAA6B4BF4C0CA7BE0BB67B81681D4633" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile hirsuta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="hirsuta">
|
||||
<emphasis id="13359D23824E308465CFA0749AD00C09" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Megachile hirsuta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, unknown to both
|
||||
|
|
@ -178,27 +178,27 @@ and Rebmann at that time, renders the distinction between two of their groups di
|
|||
<paragraph id="41F650360AE026240C8C8C6D64F8862B" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4C94CE8A6B2FDB12C7193728FC6CEB57" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
1.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A9D84F571528332CB023DBE31B95D611" baseAuthorityName="Dours" baseAuthorityYear="1873" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Chalicodoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chalicodoma montenegrensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montenegrensis">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A9D84F571528332CB023DBE31B95D611" baseAuthorityName="Dours" baseAuthorityYear="1873" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Chalicodoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chalicodoma montenegrensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" species="montenegrensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DADF6073EF0E6AB58FF6EDCBCD5DD574" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Chalicodoma montenegrensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="068F55530324C23DE01EABA4012F352E" authorityName="Tkalcu" authorityYear="1969" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Euchalicodoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euchalicodoma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="068F55530324C23DE01EABA4012F352E" authorityName="Tkalcu" authorityYear="1969" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Euchalicodoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euchalicodoma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda">
|
||||
<emphasis id="1112EB789F2D13B02353228BA6AC2B6B" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Euchalicodoma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="610D885EE92B2666C4459A866889E013" originalValue="Tkalců">Tkalcu</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 1969;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A11BBBD3AFDAB2C248D39CE7744602FE" authorityName="Tkalcu" authorityYear="1971" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Xenochalicodoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenochalicodoma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A11BBBD3AFDAB2C248D39CE7744602FE" authorityName="Tkalcu" authorityYear="1971" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Xenochalicodoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenochalicodoma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2ED96C8A661E9F09A5CE95061D4D5D78" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Xenochalicodoma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="40C9C5027BCFB3EC5DDFDDB52453F5CB" originalValue="Tkalců">Tkalcu</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 1971;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CB255C4122F0AE5FF9AA08736C966288" authorityName="Rebmann" authorityYear="1970" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Allomegachile" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Allomegachile" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CB255C4122F0AE5FF9AA08736C966288" authorityName="Rebmann" authorityYear="1970" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Allomegachile" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Allomegachile" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda">
|
||||
<emphasis id="61607907A26EB995148531FE1DDD58A5" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Allomegachile</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Rebmann, 1970;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5FC2C4DA6F640912F19D805305569AB6" authorityName="Rebmann" authorityYear="1970" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Katamegachile" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Katamegachile" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5FC2C4DA6F640912F19D805305569AB6" authorityName="Rebmann" authorityYear="1970" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Katamegachile" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Katamegachile" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda">
|
||||
<emphasis id="673C23785BA27347FE63CE823FF15D97" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Katamegachile</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Rebmann, 1970).
|
||||
|
|
@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ Rebmann, 1970).
|
|||
: Front coxa with large, spatulate tooth. T6 with lateral tooth (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A546CCCEBE1EF97C6CC48E29D04A1CE7" captionStart="Figures 42–49" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figures 42 - 49. Apex of male metasoma; 42 - 46, 48 T 5 - T 7 and apex of genital capsule, dorsal view 47 T 5 - T 7 and apex of genital capsule, lateral view 49 T 4 - T 6, dorsal view 42 Megachile (Megachile) melanopyga 43 M. (Pseudomegachile) sp. aff. incana 44 M. (Chalicodoma) parietina 45 M. (Chalicodoma) hungarica 46 M. (Creightonella) albisecta 47 M. (Creightonella) doriae 48 M. (Chalicodoma) manicata 49 M. (Eurymella) patellimana." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11255.figures42-49" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/133922" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">48</figureCitation>
|
||||
) [small in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DD3C25FBF86A86F2985815C4FAB63021" baseAuthorityName="Lepeletier" baseAuthorityYear="1841" class="Insecta" family="Asteraceae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile rufitarsis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufitarsis">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DD3C25FBF86A86F2985815C4FAB63021" baseAuthorityName="Lepeletier" baseAuthorityYear="1841" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile rufitarsis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="rufitarsis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="92310191B251DDE1D2DFF4340D88D1FD" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Megachile rufitarsis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Lepeletier, 1841)]. T7 mostly produced to large, rounded, median tooth (Figs
|
||||
|
|
@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ Rebmann, 1970).
|
|||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="BE6CFE7EF8BAD36F09A8DE256DBDD002" captionStart="Figures 42–49" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figures 42 - 49. Apex of male metasoma; 42 - 46, 48 T 5 - T 7 and apex of genital capsule, dorsal view 47 T 5 - T 7 and apex of genital capsule, lateral view 49 T 4 - T 6, dorsal view 42 Megachile (Megachile) melanopyga 43 M. (Pseudomegachile) sp. aff. incana 44 M. (Chalicodoma) parietina 45 M. (Chalicodoma) hungarica 46 M. (Creightonella) albisecta 47 M. (Creightonella) doriae 48 M. (Chalicodoma) manicata 49 M. (Eurymella) patellimana." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11255.figures42-49" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/133922" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">48</figureCitation>
|
||||
) (tooth small in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92FA41B4141727ECE48EE7B5E203936E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. rufitarsis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rufitarsis">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92FA41B4141727ECE48EE7B5E203936E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. rufitarsis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="rufitarsis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F2A072E12C9681FB16DE0E120134935F" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">M. rufitarsis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), or trifid. Gonostylus simple, slightly broaden apically (Fig.
|
||||
|
|
@ -224,34 +224,34 @@ Rebmann, 1970).
|
|||
), the apically strongly convex margin of S6 (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="36878D5E791EFD70A717308922E91484" captionStart="Figures 10–15" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 10 - 15. Male metasoma, ventral view. 10 Megachile (Eutricharaea) giraudi, metasoma with four exposed sterna, S 4 without hyaline rim, T 7 small, unmodified 11 M. (Creightonella) amabilis, metasoma with six exposed sterna, S 6 with rounded, weakly sclerotized projection 12 M. (Anodonteutricharaea) sp. aff. inornata, metasoma with four exposed sterna, S 4 with apical, hyaline rim (note that S 5 - S 8 are visible in this specimen because the metasoma has been stretched) 13 M. (Megachile) ligniseca, condition as in Fig. 12 14 M. (Eurymella) patellimana, condition as in Fig. 12 15 M. (Chalicodoma) montenegrensis, S 6 partly exposed, with rounded, weakly sclerotized projection." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11255.figures10-15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/133925" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">15</figureCitation>
|
||||
), as in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="37DB457D61459DDEFF850C626F9BCE51" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="(Creightonella)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Creightonella">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="37DB457D61459DDEFF850C626F9BCE51" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="(Creightonella)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" subGenus="Creightonella">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D62F05888367DE2471A131519DC88479" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Creightonella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and, in some species, in the lack of hairs laterally on S8, unlike other group 2 subgenera.
|
||||
<emphasis id="BD750950FF44538ABBB6C6CCD7F2AF4E" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Females</emphasis>
|
||||
: Surface of mandible mostly dull, with few shiny ridges or punctures, except in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="885CC9308E3401C0AD3045502F19D1BD" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. rufitarsis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rufitarsis">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="885CC9308E3401C0AD3045502F19D1BD" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. rufitarsis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="rufitarsis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2E8EF64562DD943889BB5220719386F2" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">M. rufitarsis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, in which the mandible is as in the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0418F61E417B03459735F841EAB013BE" baseAuthorityName="Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1785" class="Insecta" family="Asteraceae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile parietina" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parietina">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0418F61E417B03459735F841EAB013BE" baseAuthorityName="Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1785" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile parietina" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="parietina">
|
||||
<emphasis id="07924AAEBD5654A8D9CCCB9AE15AAE5D" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Megachile parietina</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group. S6 with depressed apical zone, with strong preapical carina separating the elevated, basal part from the depressed apical zone, except in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D6D7766507F3533D5863185962932F8F" authorityName="Dours" authorityYear="1873" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. montenegrensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montenegrensis">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D6D7766507F3533D5863185962932F8F" authorityName="Dours" authorityYear="1873" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. montenegrensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="montenegrensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F769A307E2118A18C19BEDCD98E4742F" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">M. montenegrensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Dours, 1873
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="FBD5F6B36CC15E3453AF14670DBF8793" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" start="start">and</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="20812C25A94237EE933C1BD3722ED49A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. hirsuta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirsuta">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="20812C25A94237EE933C1BD3722ED49A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. hirsuta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="hirsuta">
|
||||
<emphasis id="92D3ED00B9F4E2606782743F07111B3A" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">M. hirsuta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, both of which have dull mandibles. In
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FECB2B0163BEA142C20C60B61F51F89C" authorityName="Dours" authorityYear="1873" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. montenegrensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montenegrensis">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FECB2B0163BEA142C20C60B61F51F89C" authorityName="Dours" authorityYear="1873" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. montenegrensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="montenegrensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4B9D1B3F7509D53211C8B6E9FBC51091" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">M. montenegrensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, the vertex is slightly concave laterally, a unique feature in Palearctic
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="88A350436A45298DE8FC399BF861CEFA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="(Chalicodoma)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Chalicodoma">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="88A350436A45298DE8FC399BF861CEFA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="(Chalicodoma)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" subGenus="Chalicodoma">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3BFBDF72C121A925580FCB871F0343EE" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Chalicodoma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(see
|
||||
|
|
@ -264,18 +264,18 @@ Dours, 1873
|
|||
<paragraph id="B4DDCACE1749C0DB5982FED1B8C56261" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FB1F137DBDA88A83E33F9E9F1F7DAEBB" bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
2.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="38CF71609AC200B8299B61820672D67F" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Allochalicodoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Allochalicodoma lefebvrei" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lefebvrei">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="38CF71609AC200B8299B61820672D67F" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Allochalicodoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Allochalicodoma lefebvrei" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" species="lefebvrei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F43C5B3DC2BAC79CB092A348F78734CB" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Allochalicodoma lefebvrei</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E7728ADCC5728A4DCADADCE8FD323B8C" authorityName="Tkalcu" authorityYear="1969" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Allochalicodoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Allochalicodoma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E7728ADCC5728A4DCADADCE8FD323B8C" authorityName="Tkalcu" authorityYear="1969" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Allochalicodoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Allochalicodoma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3D2D86666E65B3C5F82B5816616CCDDA" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Allochalicodoma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="9C0BF7362D26972C648F5EE925BCF53E" originalValue="Tkalců">Tkalcu</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 1969;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C4C462A22D7FA5008CF3C4B98EE2431D" authorityName="Rebmann" authorityYear="1970" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Heteromegachile" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteromegachile" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C4C462A22D7FA5008CF3C4B98EE2431D" authorityName="Rebmann" authorityYear="1970" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Heteromegachile" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteromegachile" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4828BFCA9F0A4C3FA7A1AA477371CD3F" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Heteromegachile</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Rebmann, 1970).
|
||||
|
|
@ -289,11 +289,11 @@ Rebmann, 1970).
|
|||
: Surface of the mandible covered with numerous shiny ridges and punctures (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AF5731553A5250A151FE46DC432C3F66" captionStart="Figures 16–23" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 16 - 23. Female clypeus and mandibles, front view. 16 Megachile (Creightonella) amabilis 17 M. (Maximegachile) maxillosa; the white line indicates the hypostomal tooth 18 M. (Callomegachile) sculpturalis 19 M. (Chalicodoma) hungarica 20 M. (Pseudomegachile) ericetorum 21 M. (Pseudomegachile) incana 22 M. (Pseudomegachile) sp. aff. incana 23 M. (Pseudomegachile) foersteri." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.55.11255.figures16-23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/133915" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">19</figureCitation>
|
||||
), as in the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B198E9BFC74E88BC4AF945D70E109B5B" baseAuthorityName="Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1785" class="Insecta" family="Asteraceae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile parietina" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parietina">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B198E9BFC74E88BC4AF945D70E109B5B" baseAuthorityName="Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1785" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile parietina" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="parietina">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7EF3C8AC0FCF34FB9E01B46283D00352" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Megachile parietina</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group. S6 with depressed apical zone; carina separating the elevated part from the depressed marginal area interrupted medially and only visible laterally. In addition, all females of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FA677943CF0DE1873F99FD2DCCACF984" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Allochalicodoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Allochalicodoma lefebvrei" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lefebvrei">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FA677943CF0DE1873F99FD2DCCACF984" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Allochalicodoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Allochalicodoma lefebvrei" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" species="lefebvrei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FF34DBF73662FBAE60CB5CADC2D3D4F8" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Allochalicodoma lefebvrei</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group have conspicuously modified vestiture on the clypeus (Fig.
|
||||
|
|
@ -304,11 +304,11 @@ group have conspicuously modified vestiture on the clypeus (Fig.
|
|||
1996
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Such modified hairs are not found in the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="86928A4918778071370B389EF67EECA9" baseAuthorityName="Dours" baseAuthorityYear="1873" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Chalicodoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chalicodoma montenegrensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montenegrensis">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="86928A4918778071370B389EF67EECA9" baseAuthorityName="Dours" baseAuthorityYear="1873" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Chalicodoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chalicodoma montenegrensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" species="montenegrensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="741AFA83BCE83373720E39D96E02B0A8" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Chalicodoma montenegrensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group and only rarely found in the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3FAFEA93BCC89F737800CDAC69F966C9" baseAuthorityName="Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1785" class="Insecta" family="Asteraceae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile parietina" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parietina">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3FAFEA93BCC89F737800CDAC69F966C9" baseAuthorityName="Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1785" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile parietina" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="parietina">
|
||||
<emphasis id="13BA605EC10620887A3103F6125BF5A9" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Megachile parietina</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group.
|
||||
|
|
@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ group.
|
|||
<paragraph id="C1EC2520CA57B8B74234F3BD7157CC20" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4E7BA547C0E9A853503DF4A54465AF8A" bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
3.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F8EC58B390A903B7B952CE3E380A7A5A" baseAuthorityName="Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1785" class="Insecta" family="Asteraceae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile parietina" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parietina">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F8EC58B390A903B7B952CE3E380A7A5A" baseAuthorityName="Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1785" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile parietina" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="parietina">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0EEAF969E15BBAF6A8DFA7A31A3EF7A3" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Megachile parietina</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group. Males
|
||||
|
|
@ -326,15 +326,15 @@ group. Males
|
|||
).
|
||||
<emphasis id="43BAE0B73E29DAA0D633503CBF47C9A9" bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Females</emphasis>
|
||||
: S6 mostly not divided in two zones (weakly so in some species, such as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F176A2A93A0DA440F8D818221B3CB394" authorityName="Friese" authorityYear="1898" class="Insecta" family="Asteraceae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile nasidens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nasidens">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F176A2A93A0DA440F8D818221B3CB394" authorityName="Friese" authorityYear="1898" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile nasidens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="nasidens">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2B42AE076F75644B4EC99949BC8C4B00" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Megachile nasidens</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Friese, 1898), without preapical carina. Hairs on clypeus mostly branched, except in some rare species [e.g.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FF90944974A997EA9CF37D87D1BCA236" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. marina" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marina">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FF90944974A997EA9CF37D87D1BCA236" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. marina" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="marina">
|
||||
<emphasis id="29E4490D783F065A9416E15FA10B6309" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">M. marina</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Friese, 1911 and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9407C3F7D82B436FE80E23C1A513727A" baseAuthorityName="Tkalcu" baseAuthorityYear="1988" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. palaestina" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palaestina">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9407C3F7D82B436FE80E23C1A513727A" baseAuthorityName="Tkalcu" baseAuthorityYear="1988" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. palaestina" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="palaestina">
|
||||
<emphasis id="373841E6CAB759A5FC71EA68D393A951" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">M. palaestina</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
|
|
@ -355,62 +355,62 @@ Females of this subgenus are sculpturally uniform and frequently exhibit mimetic
|
|||
). Consequently, the taxonomic status of numerous
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="A54BDE822FE8AB4D439AEFE15256761D" originalValue="“geographic”">"geographic"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
forms within
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CDC24D51DE262F225095D68181AA2798" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="(Chalicodoma)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Chalicodoma">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CDC24D51DE262F225095D68181AA2798" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="(Chalicodoma)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" subGenus="Chalicodoma">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5EAC393E8793A0B853067E63B832E925" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Chalicodoma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
remains unclear and a complete species list is not given here. In the West Palearctic, there are at least five species in the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="49D6D93C1AE05646000DE5B88C63FAB9" baseAuthorityName="Dours" baseAuthorityYear="1873" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Chalicodoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chalicodoma montenegrensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montenegrensis">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="49D6D93C1AE05646000DE5B88C63FAB9" baseAuthorityName="Dours" baseAuthorityYear="1873" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Chalicodoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chalicodoma montenegrensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" species="montenegrensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3ADAB17AC9830F1E1EB39506E71F6D15" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Chalicodoma montenegrensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group [
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9CFB6EDCD5075A137A40A78D90EF3B9D" class="Insecta" family="Asteraceae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile hirsuta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirsuta">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9CFB6EDCD5075A137A40A78D90EF3B9D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile hirsuta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="hirsuta">
|
||||
<emphasis id="753B6A927A7D1927B11E954E9317E264" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Megachile hirsuta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B2382DFED2715AC9F3A0C8CA3BEDB9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. manicata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="manicata">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B2382DFED2715AC9F3A0C8CA3BEDB9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. manicata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="manicata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4BDC7B869FBD005ABD0B70C797F3BCAB" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">M. manicata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Giraud, 1861,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="582F71E664D121785081B47984014502" baseAuthorityName="Tkalcu" baseAuthorityYear="1992" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. mauritaniae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mauritaniae">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="582F71E664D121785081B47984014502" baseAuthorityName="Tkalcu" baseAuthorityYear="1992" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. mauritaniae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="mauritaniae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BC851FF98E6B35EE9BA5684A54A48696" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">M. mauritaniae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="9EB9C0698608642502E41A860F7AABB6" originalValue="Tkalců">Tkalcu</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 1992),
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="801171A683E62FAFC2AA1CF559E61481" authorityName="Dours" authorityYear="1873" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. montenegrensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montenegrensis">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="801171A683E62FAFC2AA1CF559E61481" authorityName="Dours" authorityYear="1873" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. montenegrensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="montenegrensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="344CBF61CED5C053ADC2A94673973A41" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">M. montenegrensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6EA033361A0503B5DC0D3DA4D019106C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. rufitarsis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rufitarsis">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6EA033361A0503B5DC0D3DA4D019106C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. rufitarsis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="rufitarsis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="02E7B2EA9D148C2C7255484B937D67D8" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">M. rufitarsis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), two to five species in the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A4604A7215B2C073A8D348DF8355CB43" baseAuthorityName="Lepeletier" baseAuthorityYear="1841" class="Insecta" family="Asteraceae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile lefebvrei" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lefebvrei">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A4604A7215B2C073A8D348DF8355CB43" baseAuthorityName="Lepeletier" baseAuthorityYear="1841" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile lefebvrei" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="lefebvrei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DF00486762ACC24ABDDD48947907B12A" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Megachile lefebvrei</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group [
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7453BD9B81151C5EB98545A580E0B378" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. heinii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="heinii">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7453BD9B81151C5EB98545A580E0B378" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. heinii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="heinii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FB818236A92FA2A392DA309249A81A46" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">M. heinii</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Kohl, 1906, known only in the female sex; and depending on the species concept adopted one to four additional, parapatric species:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="24EC1B3ABEB3C81CBD4FAA1C19EC298B" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1853" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. albocristata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="albocristata">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="24EC1B3ABEB3C81CBD4FAA1C19EC298B" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1853" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. albocristata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="albocristata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2DEE142F05DF644E1B40AB734F5BAF17" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">M. albocristata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Smith, 1853,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CDEF95E584660AD3E045F104EA880146" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. hungarica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hungarica">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CDEF95E584660AD3E045F104EA880146" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. hungarica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="hungarica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5B11D8A7E4E9A7F42E4B7AFC564FDFA" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">M. hungarica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="993AF1C838C10B9A66CA1D8CC6D9BCF9" originalValue="Mocsáry">Mocsary</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 1877,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B527E2BBD80D66A09C58189D63FCAD35" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. lefebvrei" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lefebvrei">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B527E2BBD80D66A09C58189D63FCAD35" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. lefebvrei" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="lefebvrei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B46F1FCBE6039E7B72F5E2912E0EE75D" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">M. lefebvrei</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Lepeletier, 1841) and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8572795FF22232AA0E81142288848A56" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. roeweri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="roeweri">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8572795FF22232AA0E81142288848A56" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. roeweri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="roeweri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2757B2ACB51C7E9AEE6810C2B1714252" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">M. roeweri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Alfken, 1927)]; and approximately 20 species in the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A6C2FBC331584897D70A35019DEDF35E" baseAuthorityName="Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1785" class="Insecta" family="Asteraceae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile parietina" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parietina">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A6C2FBC331584897D70A35019DEDF35E" baseAuthorityName="Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1785" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile parietina" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="parietina">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B1787508D7EBF2394F6C53D00535D631" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Megachile parietina</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group, of which three are undescribed.
|
||||
|
|
@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ group, of which three are undescribed.
|
|||
<paragraph id="6F3FB521308BF5F94B56393A6C962FD7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="CFBFAAE14309219FF506C59FF8FCE22C" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
The nesting biology of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E4F42560593C64C9553E40766DA7E36B" baseAuthorityName="Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1785" class="Insecta" family="Asteraceae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile parietina" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parietina">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E4F42560593C64C9553E40766DA7E36B" baseAuthorityName="Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1785" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile parietina" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="parietina">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6C22E4967B281A05A55F28A23840A510" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Megachile parietina</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has been described in detail (reviewed in
|
||||
|
|
@ -437,15 +437,15 @@ et al. 1997
|
|||
). These exposed nests are particularly hard and resistant;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="658779D5ED12139786E56B969CCCBB6F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3032.1984.tb00696.x" author="Kronenberg, S" journalOrPublisher="Physiological Entomology" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="175 - 179" refId="B40" refString="Kronenberg, S, Hefetz, A, 1984. Role of labial glands in nesting behaviour of Chalicodoma sicula (Hymenoptera; Megachilidae). Physiological Entomology 9: 175 - 179, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3032.1984.tb00696.x" title="Role of labial glands in nesting behaviour of Chalicodoma sicula (Hymenoptera; Megachilidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3032.1984.tb00696.x" volume="9" year="1984">Kronenberg and Hefetz (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
have demonstrated that females of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5EB389C577760DA1A118A798E92AEDD5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. sicula" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sicula">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5EB389C577760DA1A118A798E92AEDD5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. sicula" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="sicula">
|
||||
<emphasis id="02A572C221EAF61008CDAD98A9D24842" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">M. sicula</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Rossi, 1794) add labial gland secretions to the mud; these secretions rapidly harden and render the nest hydrophobic. Accounts of the nesting biology of the few species of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C4717C62CB92FA12E054D53298E708FF" baseAuthorityName="Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1785" class="Insecta" family="Asteraceae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile parietina" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parietina">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C4717C62CB92FA12E054D53298E708FF" baseAuthorityName="Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1785" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile parietina" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="parietina">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5C845093F821525566974DA6DBA395E3" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Megachile parietina</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group investigated so far indicate that the cells are build in a similar way: in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="152D848EAC97AF730AF31B017BB22CC7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. pyrenaica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pyrenaica">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="152D848EAC97AF730AF31B017BB22CC7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. pyrenaica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="pyrenaica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7B1965C22E0740BD1DC9370DDCCDED8F" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">M. pyrenaica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Lepeletier, 1841, the cells are often hidden in holes in walls or under stones (
|
||||
|
|
@ -460,11 +460,11 @@ et al. 1997
|
|||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="7CE45BF94929FE17B4F31A9DEC1CA028" author="Fabre, JH" journalOrPublisher="Delagrave, Paris" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="B20" refString="Fabre, JH, 1882. Nouveaux souvenirs entomologiques. Etudes sur l'instinct et les moeurs des insectes. Delagrave, Paris" title="Nouveaux souvenirs entomologiques. Etudes sur l'instinct et les moeurs des insectes." year="1882">1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) under the roof tiles of old barns; sometimes the nests are exposed on stones as in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="182001F880385AEA7BE84447C1E08865" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. parietina" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parietina">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="182001F880385AEA7BE84447C1E08865" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. parietina" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="parietina">
|
||||
<emphasis id="673611E9BC7078A4A42A3EF8E3C5940D" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">M. parietina</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Le Goff, 2007); in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="25927518375695D0E18D49D2EFA9ABAD" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. rufescens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rufescens">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="25927518375695D0E18D49D2EFA9ABAD" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. rufescens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="rufescens">
|
||||
<emphasis id="EF8A02B90C90AD9160AA059B14AE80A8" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">M. rufescens</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
|
|
@ -472,7 +472,7 @@ et al. 1997
|
|||
, 1879) the nests appear to be mostly placed on twigs (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="BD60AC22FDF9AB45DDAF704D2D48C3B0" author="Fabre, JH" journalOrPublisher="Delagrave, Paris" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="B20" refString="Fabre, JH, 1882. Nouveaux souvenirs entomologiques. Etudes sur l'instinct et les moeurs des insectes. Delagrave, Paris" title="Nouveaux souvenirs entomologiques. Etudes sur l'instinct et les moeurs des insectes." year="1882">Fabre 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DE08CEBFBFB7BF28822C8F45E381802" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. sicula" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sicula">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4DE08CEBFBFB7BF28822C8F45E381802" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. sicula" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="sicula">
|
||||
<emphasis id="78586BB2E3E6F85D6D5CBD49DD044CCE" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">M. sicula</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
builds nests both on twigs and on rock surfaces (
|
||||
|
|
@ -480,7 +480,7 @@ builds nests both on twigs and on rock surfaces (
|
|||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="532DF48F0D8B944472D747DCF3E2E0C1" author="Vereecken, N" journalOrPublisher="Osmia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="15 - 19" publicationUrl="http://oabeilles.net/wordpress/osmia/osmia-numeros-entiers" refId="B96" refString="Vereecken, N, Niolu, P, Dufrene, E, Le Goff, G, 2010. Observations sur les nids de deux chalicodomes et leurs occupants en Sardaigne (Italie). Osmia 4: 15 - 19, http://oabeilles.net/wordpress/osmia/osmia-numeros-entiers" title="Observations sur les nids de deux chalicodomes et leurs occupants en Sardaigne (Italie)." url="http://oabeilles.net/wordpress/osmia/osmia-numeros-entiers" volume="4" year="2010">Vereecken et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Few studies have documented the nesting biology of species of the other species groups:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FC59762473DC6FDC3ABAA34F097A198B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. manicata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="manicata">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FC59762473DC6FDC3ABAA34F097A198B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. manicata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="manicata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="58BE0894E2242A8C3C27ADC8ACF5E9F4" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">M. manicata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
appears to nest exclusively in existing holes in rocks (
|
||||
|
|
@ -490,7 +490,7 @@ appears to nest exclusively in existing holes in rocks (
|
|||
, C. Praz, unpublished data);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="56403586727391691D17916B5C1D0B01" author="Le Goff, G" journalOrPublisher="Osmia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="3 - 4" refId="B45" refString="Le Goff, G, 2012. Nidification dans des cavites pierreuses de deux Megachilidae de Grece (Epire): Hoplitis (Hoplitis) fabrei van der Zanden, 1987 et Megachile (Chalicodoma) manicata Giraud, 1861 (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae, Osmiini et Megachilini). Osmia 5: 3 - 4" title="Nidification dans des cavites pierreuses de deux Megachilidae de Grece (Epire): Hoplitis (Hoplitis) fabrei van der Zanden, 1987 et Megachile (Chalicodoma) manicata Giraud, 1861 (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae, Osmiini et Megachilini)." volume="5" year="2012">Le Goff (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
described one nest containing two cells made of hard mud mixed with pebbles; the nests observed were closed with hard mud. Nests of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4A569724FCDD7E02692967E74EF24B92" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. lefebvrei" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lefebvrei">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4A569724FCDD7E02692967E74EF24B92" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. lefebvrei" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="lefebvrei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="91589F249D1276522FF574493B9835EA" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">M. lefebvrei</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
have been described in detail by
|
||||
|
|
@ -500,7 +500,7 @@ have been described in detail by
|
|||
); the
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="D610D45259044ADBFF2F1A1183888D24" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" start="start">biology</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
of this species slightly deviates from the typical nesting biology seen in the subgenus. Females build 2-4 cells in holes in rocks; these cells have the general appearance of those built by
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B7A06677274CA6A6D785441788AB9D3D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. parietina" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parietina">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B7A06677274CA6A6D785441788AB9D3D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. parietina" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="parietina">
|
||||
<emphasis id="70CB7F27690B60B34CEF22D94517E96F" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">M. parietina</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, thus they consist of mud mixed with "salivary secretions" (
|
||||
|
|
@ -508,38 +508,38 @@ of this species slightly deviates from the typical nesting biology seen in the s
|
|||
: 545), without pebbles. Once several cells are built, they are covered with a thin (1 mm), concave layer of hardened mud; this layer is located inside the hole of the rock and its outer surface is a few millimeters beneath the external surface of the rock. Subsequently, the female fills the space above the thin mud layer with a mix of pebbles and masticated plant material. According to Ferton, the masticated plant material contains salivary secretions (but no resin), and it hardens quickly.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B3B1CB3D6079128EE5F222038216285D" author="Ferton, C" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="329 - 375" refId="B26" refString="Ferton, C, 1920. Notes detachees sur l'instinct des hymenopteres melliferes et ravisseurs (9eme serie) avec la description de deux especes nouvelles. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 89: 329 - 375" title="Notes detachees sur l'instinct des hymenopteres melliferes et ravisseurs (9 eme serie) avec la description de deux especes nouvelles." volume="89" year="1920">Ferton (1920)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
reports a nest of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="880FA408E60D6EAAE2088E90C0D28922" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. lefebvrei" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lefebvrei">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="880FA408E60D6EAAE2088E90C0D28922" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. lefebvrei" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="lefebvrei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="9E609F184C228C761D4D80C9D757A76E" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">M. lefebvrei</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from southern France; the nest structure and the material used were similar but the nest had been built in an empty snail shell.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="2FC2B742E91401C6901B1E5313A9DD55" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
Many species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="30F3354EFC7DED4822EFBA498290D0F4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="(Chalicodoma)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Chalicodoma">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="30F3354EFC7DED4822EFBA498290D0F4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="(Chalicodoma)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" subGenus="Chalicodoma">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B4F2B194FA5BD245475D4ED814624371" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Chalicodoma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, including
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="41C0EAB794EC7AF91B65583EE5CA6BA4" class="Insecta" family="Asteraceae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile hirsuta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirsuta">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="41C0EAB794EC7AF91B65583EE5CA6BA4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile hirsuta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="hirsuta">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FEA930594D923FCD502E34FAF041CE4E" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Megachile hirsuta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="156AC975CB9D6B19AFB9B7B96C226A0B" authorityName="Dours" authorityYear="1873" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. montenegrensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montenegrensis">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="156AC975CB9D6B19AFB9B7B96C226A0B" authorityName="Dours" authorityYear="1873" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. montenegrensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="montenegrensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="AE0F4BFA25D01100BC87A8DB4CBC4B05" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">M. montenegrensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1611C5AC144F60A2BFF70405BCDAFD6D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. manicata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="manicata">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1611C5AC144F60A2BFF70405BCDAFD6D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. manicata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="manicata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="237D2DD21683B1F010A609EAB6B9D8E1" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">M. manicata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FF137C46F34926137C9B839FE228CF2A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. parietina" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parietina">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FF137C46F34926137C9B839FE228CF2A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. parietina" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="parietina">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C65ECBDC5423FC688574F066DDE3760D" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">M. parietina</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1BB1DEB65BE086DE9E721A6EDF76F5BF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. pyrenaica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pyrenaica">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1BB1DEB65BE086DE9E721A6EDF76F5BF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. pyrenaica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="pyrenaica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="846F6C86C4EEC97E711EFC7E98585BAD" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">M. pyrenaica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
have a distinct or exclusive preference for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DD7B4E12BF3A55CA386FBDAC8BF44B66" class="Insecta" family="Fabaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DD7B4E12BF3A55CA386FBDAC8BF44B66" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B33F8B0EFD129E6AB5FB68AAA7E16149" author="Westrich, P" journalOrPublisher="Ulmer, Stuttgart" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="B98" refString="Westrich, P, 1989. Die Wildbienen Baden-Wuerttembergs. Ulmer, Stuttgart" title="Die Wildbienen Baden-Wuerttembergs." year="1989">Westrich 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
|
|
@ -550,11 +550,11 @@ et al. 1997
|
|||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="914B1E3234A99588A24AB49A8CD5275B" author="Gogala, A" journalOrPublisher="Scopolia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 195" refId="B31" refString="Gogala, A, 2014. Megachilid bees of Slovenia (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae). Scopolia 80: 1 - 195" title="Megachilid bees of Slovenia (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae)." volume="80" year="2014">Gogala 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, C. Praz, unpublished data). All species of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="964A6A99644AEA6456A6CEB2B03FDC34" baseAuthorityName="Lepeletier" baseAuthorityYear="1841" class="Insecta" family="Asteraceae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile lefebvrei" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lefebvrei">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="964A6A99644AEA6456A6CEB2B03FDC34" baseAuthorityName="Lepeletier" baseAuthorityYear="1841" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile lefebvrei" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" species="lefebvrei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DE02408571C54348A7C65878120045C9" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Megachile lefebvrei</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group are likely polylectic with a preference for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9C9A8054F2766ECFAC094AB93C9860E0" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" class="Insecta" family="Lamiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lamiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9C9A8054F2766ECFAC094AB93C9860E0" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta">Lamiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="6D60A782A0873EAD4797BA70EE2694DC" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1996.tb00311.x" author="Mueller, A" journalOrPublisher="Biological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="235 - 252" refId="B60" refString="Mueller, A, 1996. Convergent evolution of morphological specializations in Central European bee and honey wasp species as an adaptation to the uptake of pollen from nototribic flowers (Hymenoptera, Apoidea and Masaridae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 57: 235 - 252, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1996.tb00311.x" title="Convergent evolution of morphological specializations in Central European bee and honey wasp species as an adaptation to the uptake of pollen from nototribic flowers (Hymenoptera, Apoidea and Masaridae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1996.tb00311.x" volume="57" year="1996">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="FBE91A2EE459A9AA93BD41F49466863D" originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
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