diff --git a/data/DE/91/E2/DE91E2B334D658C795F5836FE6DB2691.xml b/data/DE/91/E2/DE91E2B334D658C795F5836FE6DB2691.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..2baacb7b975 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/DE/91/E2/DE91E2B334D658C795F5836FE6DB2691.xml @@ -0,0 +1,675 @@ + + + +Melita panda, a new species of Melitidae (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from Japan + + + +Author + +Tomikawa, Ko +0000-0003-1521-9016 +Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1 - 1 - 1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739 - 8524, Japan + + + +Author + +Yamato, Shigeyuki +Shirahama Katata 2364 - 64, Wakayama 649 - 2201, Japan + + + +Author + +Ariyama, Hiroyuki +0000-0001-7312-5187 +Osaka Museum of Natural History, Nagai Park, Higashi-Sumiyoshi, Osaka 546 - 0034, Japan + +text + + +ZooKeys + + +2024 + +2024-09-21 + + +1212 + + +267 +283 + + + +journal article +303421 +10.3897/zookeys.1212.128858 +3b02acbf-7fe0-406f-baa9-18638cc856dd +1E358CD5-227D-445D-8177-CFEEDF057D1A + + + + + +Melita panda + +sp. nov. + + + + +Figs 1 +, +2 +, +3 +, +4 +, +5 +, +6 New Japanese name: Panda-melita-yokoebi + + + + + + +Melita + +sp. 1: + +Ariyama, 2022: 119 + +. + + + + + + + +Material examined. + + + + +Holotype + +: • +male +6.0 mm ( + +NSMT + +- +Cr 32141 +); +Tagurazaki +, +Wakayama +, +Japan +; ( + +34.264603 ° N +, +135.060835 ° E + +); collected by +Hiroyuki Ariyama +and +Ko Tomikawa +; on + +25 March 2019 + + +. + + +Paratypes + +: • +male +7.6 mm +( + +NSMT + +- +Cr 32142 +); +female +4.8 mm +( + +NSMT + +- +Cr 32143 +); +female +4.5 mm +( +SEM +, + +NSMT + +- +Cr 32144 +); data same as for the holotype + +• + +male +5.0 mm ( + +NSMT + +- +Cr 32145 +, G 1491); locality same as for the holotype; collected by +Hiroyuki Ariyama +; on + +12 July 2018 + + +• + +male +5.8 mm +( + +NSMT + +- +Cr 32146 +, G 1489); +male +4.5 mm +( + +NSMT + +- +Cr 32147 +, G 1492); +Jogasaki +, +Wakayama +, +Japan +; ( + +34.2850 ° N +, +135.0680 ° E + +); collected by +Hiroyuki Ariyama +; on + +14 July 2018 + + +• + +male +5.2 mm +( + +NSMT + +- +Cr 32148 +); +female +4.3 mm +( + +NSMT + +- +Cr 32149 +); +Shirahama +, +Wakayama +, +Japan +; ( + +33.691826 ° N +, +135.336172 ° E + +); collected by +Hiroki Yamada +and +Ko Tomikawa +; on + +12 November 2023 + + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. + +Head with eyes; antennal sinus incised. Pleonites and urosomites lacking dorsal teeth. Epimeral plate 3 with weakly pointed posterodistal corner. Urosomite 2 with 3 dorsolateral robust setae on each side without distinct teeth. Antenna 1 with 4 - articulate accessory flagellum. Maxilla 1 with inner plate bearing 7 plumose setae. Gnathopod 1 with basis and ischium bearing small palmate setae. Male gnathopod 1 with anterodistal projection on propodus forming rounded hood, covering almost all of dactylus, propodus with 3 and 1 robust setae on posterior margin and at the base of anterodistal projection, respectively. Male gnathopod 2 with subquadrate propodus setaceous on medial surface, angle between posterior and palmar margins of propodus being approximately 140 °. Female coxa 6 hooked with anterior lobe 1.2 times deeper than width of coxa. Uropod 3 with 1 - articulate outer ramus. Telson longer than its width. + + + +Description. + + + +Holotype +, male, + +NSMT + +- +Cr 32141 +. + +Head (Fig. +1 +) almost as long as pereonites 1 and 2 combined; rostrum short; eyes developed, oval; lateral cephalic lobe rounded; antennal sinus incised. Pereonites 1–7 (Fig. +1 +) dorsally smooth. Epimeral plates 1–3 (Fig. +2 A – C +) with 2, 2 and 3 short setae on posterior margin; epimeral plate 3 posterodistal corner weakly produced, ventral margin with 5 robust setae. Pleonites 1–3 dorsal margins without teeth, each with 4 short setae and that of urosomite 1 with 2 short setae (Fig. +2 D +); dorsal margin of urosomite 2 with 3 robust setae on each side (Fig. +2 D +). + + + + + + + +Melita panda + +sp. nov. +holotype, male 6.0 mm ( +NSMT +- +Cr 32141 +), habitus, lateral view. + + + + + + + + +Melita panda + +sp. nov. +holotype, male 6.0 mm ( +NSMT +- +Cr 32141 +) +A – C +epimeral plates 1–3, lateral views +D +dorsal margins of pleonites 1–3 and urosomites 1–2, dorsal view +E +antenna 1, lateral view, some articles of main flagellum omitted +F +antenna 2, lateral view +G +upper lip, anterior view +H +right mandible, medial view +I +incisor and lacinia mobilis of left mandible, lateral view +J +incisor and lacinia mobilis of right mandible, medial view +K +lower lip, dorsal view +L +left maxilla 1, ventral view +M +apical part of right maxilla 1, ventral view +N +maxilla 2, dorsal view +O +maxilliped, dorsal view. + + + +Antenna 1 (Fig. +2 E +) length 0.7 times that of body; length ratio of peduncular articles 1–3 as 1.0: 1.3: 0.5; ventral margin of peduncular article 1 with 3 robust setae, posterodistal corner with robust seta; primary flagellum 23 - articulate with a few setae; accessory flagellum 4 - articulare, terminal article short. Antenna 2 (Fig. +2 F +) length 0.6 times that of antenna 1; peduncular article 2 with robust seta on anterodistal corner; peduncular article 3 with robust setae on medial surface and posterodistal corner; peduncular articles 4 and 5 with 4 clusters of setae on posterior margins, peduncular article 5 1.1 times as long as article 4; flagellum 8 - articulate, article 1 2.3 times as long as article 2; calceoli absent. + + +Upper lip (Fig. +2 G +) with convex, rounded ventral margin bearing minute setae. Left and right mandible with 5 - dentate incisor (Fig. +2 H – J +); left lacinia mobilis (Fig. +2 I +) 4 - dentate, right lacinia mobilis (Fig. +2 J +) with 2 large and several small teeth; left and right accessory setal rows each with five-bladed setae and plumose seta; molar process triturative with plumose seta; palp tri-articulate, length ratio of articles 1–3 1.0: 2.3: 2.3, article 1 marginally bare, article 2 with 10 setae on ventral margin, article 3 with 12 and 3 setae on ventral and dorsal margins, respectively. Lower lip (Fig. +2 K +) with broad outer lobes bearing minute setae, mandibular lobes narrow; inner lobes indistinct. Maxilla 1 (Fig. +2 L, M +) with inner plate bearing 7 plumose setae; outer plate rectangular with 9 serrate robust setae; palp 2 - articulate; article 1 with 3 long setae on laterodistal corner; article 2 arched, outer margin bare, apical margin with robust and slender setae. Maxilla 2 (Fig. +2 N +) with inner plate lacking oblique inner row of setae; outer plate slightly longer than inner plate. Maxilliped (Fig. +2 O +) with inner plate not reaching half of palp article 2, bearing 3 robust setae distally; outer plate ovate, exceeding half of palp article 2, apical margin with plumose setae, inner submargin with robust setae; palp 4 - articulate, medial margin of article 2 lined with setae, article 3 weakly expanded medially, article 4 with fine facial setae and nail. + + +Gnathopod 1 (Fig. +3 A, B +) smaller than gnathopod 2; coxa weakly expanded ventrally, ventral margin with setae; basis, anterior and posterior margins with long setae, posterodistal submargin with tiny palmate setae; ischium with tiny palmate setae; merus ventral margin with small setae; carpus not lobate, length 1.2 times that of propodus, anterodistal corner with palmate setae, posterior margin with clusters of setae; propodus 1.9 times as long as wide, anterodistal projection forming hood, covering almost all of dactylus (Figs +3 B +, +6 A +), robust seta at the base of anterodistal projection, posterior margin with 3 robust setae, palmar margin with slender setae; dactylus short, not exceeding palmar margin. Gnathopod 2 (Fig. +3 C, D +) with subrectangular coxa, bearing setae on ventral margin; basis with long setae at anterodistal corner and on posterior margin, posterodistal submargin without palmate setae; ischium without palmate setae; carpus not lobate, length 0.4 times of that of propodus; propodus large, subquadrate, length 1.5 times as long as wide, angle between posterior and palmar margins being approximately 140 °, medial surface setaceous, palmar margin oblique with robust setae becoming thinner toward end; dactylus not exceeding palmar margin. + + + + + + + +Melita panda + +sp. nov. +holotype, male 6.0 mm ( +NSMT +- +Cr 32141 +) +A +gnathopod 1, lateral view +B +palmar margin of propodus and dactylus of gnathopod 1, medial view +C +gnathopod 2, medial view +D +palmar margin of propodus and dactylus of gnathopod 2, medial view +E +pereopod 3, lateral view +F +pereopod 4, lateral view. + + + +Pereopod 3 (Fig. +3 E +) with subrectangular coxa, ventral margin with setae; basis arched, anterior margin with short setae, posterior margin with long and short setae; length ratio of merus, carpus, propodus and dactylus 1.0: 0.9: 0.9: 0.3; merus with robust setae on anterior margin, carpus and propodus with robust setae on posterior margins. Pereopod 4 (Fig. +3 F +) with expanded coxa bearing posterior concavity, with ventral setae; basis weakly arched, anterior and posterior margins with long and short setae; length ratio of merus, carpus, propodus and dactylus 1.0: 0.8: 0.9: 0.3; carpus and propodus with robust setae on posterior margins. Pereopod 5 (Fig. +4 A +) with bilobate coxa, anterior lobe large with small seta on anterior margin, posterior lobe with small setae on posterior margin; basis ovate with posterodistal lobe, anterior margin with robust setae, posterior margin with short setae; merus weakly expanded, length 2.2 times as long as wide. Pereopod 6 (Fig. +4 B +) with bilobate coxa, anterior lobe marginally bare, posterior lobe with small seta on ventral margin and posterodistal corner; basis slender, ovate, anterior margin with robust setae, posterior margin with short setae, posterodistal corner lobate; merus length 2.4 times as long as wide. Pereopod 7 (Fig. +4 C +) with coxa, bearing seta on posterior margin; basis subovate, anterior margin with robust setae, posterior margin weakly serrate with short setae, posterodistal corner lobate; merus length 2.1 times as long as wide. + + + + + + + +Melita panda + +sp. nov. +holotype, male 6.0 mm ( +NSMT +- +Cr 32141 +) +A +pereopod 5, lateral view +B +pereopod 6, lateral view +C +pereopod 7, lateral view +D +pleopod 1, medial view. + + +Coxal gills present on gnathopod 2, and pereopods 3–6. + +Pleopods 1–3 (Fig. +4 D +) peduncles with paired retinacula on inner distal margin and facial setae; inner ramus with bifid plumose setae (clothes-pin setae) on inner basal margin. + + +Uropod 1 (Fig. +5 A +) extending beyond uropod 2; peduncle length 1.3 times longer than inner ramus, with basofacial robust seta; inner ramus almost as long as outer ramus, with 3 inner and 2 outer marginal robust setae; outer ramus with 3 robust setae on inner and outer margins, respectively. Uropod 2 (Fig. +5 B +) not extending beyond peduncle of uropod 3; peduncle length 1.1 times longer than inner ramus; inner ramus almost as long as outer ramus, with 2 and 1 robust setae on inner and outer margins, respectively; outer ramus with 2 inner and 4 outer marginal robust setae. Uropod 3 (Fig. +5 C +) with peduncle not extending beyond telson, 0.4 times as long as outer ramus; inner ramus length 0.2 times that of outer ramus, with subdistal robust seta; outer ramus with single article, straight, length 5.4 times that of outer ramus width, inner and outer margins each with 5 clusters of robust setae, distal part with robust and slender setae, longest distal slender seta shorter than longest distal robust seta. + + + + + + + +Melita panda + +sp. nov. +A – E +holotype, male 6.0 mm ( +NSMT +- +Cr 32141 +) +F – K +paratype, female 4.8 mm ( +NSMT +- +Cr 32143 +) +A +uropod 1, dorsal view +B +uropod 2, dorsal view +C +uropod 3, dorsal view +D +uropod 3 distal part of outer ramus, dorsal view +E +telson, dorsal view +F +gnathopod 1, medial view +G +palmar margin of propodus and dactylus of gnathopod 1, medial view +H +gnathopod 2, lateral view +I +palmar margin of propodus and dactylus of gnathopod 2, medial view +J +oostegite on gnathopod 2, medial view +K +pereopod 6 coxa, lateral view. + + + +Telson (Fig. +5 E +) length 1.1 times longer than wide, almost completely cleft, each lobe with 1 medial, 4–5 subdistal and 3 lateral robust setae. + + + +Female ( +paratype +, + +NSMT + +- +Cr 32143 +), sexually dimorphic characters. + +Gnathopod 1 (Fig. +5 F, G +) with carpus length 1.2 times that of propodus; propodus palmar margin vertical, with 2 rows of slender setae, palmar angle with robust seta. Gnathopod 2 (Fig. +5 H, I +) with elongate coxa; carpus length 0.8 times that of propodus; propodus 1.7 times as long as wide, palmar margin oblique, with 4 robust setae along palmar margin and 2 robust setae on palmar corner. + + +Coxa of pereopod 6 (Figs +5 K +, +6 B, C +) with anterior lobe 1.2 times deeper than width of coxa, strongly hooked, bearing slit-like shallow “ pocket ” at base, trailing edge near tip of anterior lobe loosely turned up. + + + + + + +SEM photographs of + +Melita panda + +sp. nov. +A +propodus and dactylus of male gnathopod 1, medial view +B +coxa of female pereopod 6, lateral view, dorsal surface partly damaged +C +distal part of coxa of female pereopod 6, lateral view. +A +paratype male 7.6 mm, +NSMT +- +Cr 32142 +B +and +C +paratype female 4.5 mm, +NSMT +- +Cr 32144 +. + + + +Oostegites (Fig. +5 J +) present on gnathopod 2 and pereopods 3–5, narrow with setae. + + + + +Coloration in life. + +Black pattern on white background. The black pattern is found in the following areas: antennae 1 and 2 peduncular articles; part of head, pereonites 1, 2, 3 (part), 5–7; coxae 1, 2, 3 (part), 5 (part), 6, 7; distal part of gnathopod 2 propodus; posterior half of bases of pereopods 5–7; dorsal part of pleonites 1 and 2, urosomite 1 posterior half, urosomites 2 and 3; and uropods 1 and 2 peduncles, uropod 3. Coloration is almost identical between males and females, but females lack the black area on gnathopod 2. Colors remain largely unchanged after ethanol fixation. + + + +Etymology. + + +The species name “ panda ” is derived from its black-and-white body coloration, which resembles that of the giant panda + +Ailuropoda melanoleuca + +. + + + + +Molecular phylogeny. + + +The obtained + +ML + +tree exhibited a topology almost identical to that of the +BI +tree (Fig. +7 +). +Melitidae +formed a monophyletic group with high statistical support ( +USB += 99 %, BPP = 0.99). The monophyly of + +Melita + +was supported by the +BI +tree ( +BPP += 0.93) but less so by the + +ML + +tree ( +USB += 0.68). + +Melita panda + +sp. nov. +was the sister taxon of + +M. nagatai + +and + +M. koreana + +among the 14 species of + +Melita + +used in the analyses ( +USB += 98 %, BPP = 1.0). These three species formed a monophyletic group with + +M. hoshinoi + +( +USB += 99 %; BPP = 0.99). + + + + + + +Maximum likelihood tree for 1990 bp of nuclear 28 S rRNA, histone +H 3 +, and mitochondrial cytochrome +c +oxidase subunit I markers. Numbers at nodes represent ultrafast bootstrap values for maximum likelihood and Bayesian posterior probabilities. + + + + + \ No newline at end of file