diff --git a/data/03/AB/65/03AB65665944727CE592FF10FEE9FE6C.xml b/data/03/AB/65/03AB65665944727CE592FF10FEE9FE6C.xml index 15c59bb785e..15b4e625e9d 100644 --- a/data/03/AB/65/03AB65665944727CE592FF10FEE9FE6C.xml +++ b/data/03/AB/65/03AB65665944727CE592FF10FEE9FE6C.xml @@ -1,66 +1,66 @@ - - - -Studies in Australian Tettigoniidae: New short-winged Agraeciini from Australia (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; Conocephalinae; Agraeciini) + + + +Studies in Australian Tettigoniidae: New short-winged Agraeciini from Australia (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; Conocephalinae; Agraeciini) - - -Author + + +Author -Rentz, Dcf -0000-0002-2264-4523 -orthop1@tpg.com.au +Rentz, Dcf +0000-0002-2264-4523 +orthop1@tpg.com.au - - -Author + + +Author -Su, You Ning -0000-0002-0090-9826 -ouning.su@csiro.au +Su, You Ning +0000-0002-0090-9826 +ouning.su@csiro.au - - -Author + + +Author -Ueshima, Norihiro -0000-0002-2264-4523 -orthop1@tpg.com.au +Ueshima, Norihiro +0000-0002-2264-4523 +orthop1@tpg.com.au -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2021 - -2021-10-27 + +2021 + +2021-10-27 - -5059 + +5059 - -2 + +2 - -1 -72 + +1 +72 -journal article -10.11646/zootaxa.5059.1.1 -1175-5326 -5602508 -55EFABBA-F43C-4AA5-8B50-776C46DEB1B5 +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5059.1.1 +1175-5326 +5602508 +55EFABBA-F43C-4AA5-8B50-776C46DEB1B5 -Australiagraeciina Rentz, Su & Ueshima +Australiagraeciina Rentz, Su & Ueshima subtribe nov. diff --git a/data/03/AB/65/03AB65665945727DE592FF58FA38F8F1.xml b/data/03/AB/65/03AB65665945727DE592FF58FA38F8F1.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..02a24de9221 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/AB/65/03AB65665945727DE592FF58FA38F8F1.xml @@ -0,0 +1,382 @@ + + + +Studies in Australian Tettigoniidae: New short-winged Agraeciini from Australia (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; Conocephalinae; Agraeciini) + + + +Author + +Rentz, Dcf +0000-0002-2264-4523 +orthop1@tpg.com.au + + + +Author + +Su, You Ning +0000-0002-0090-9826 +ouning.su@csiro.au + + + +Author + +Ueshima, Norihiro +0000-0002-2264-4523 +orthop1@tpg.com.au + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2021 + +2021-10-27 + + +5059 + + +2 + + +1 +72 + + + +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5059.1.1 +1175-5326 +5602508 +55EFABBA-F43C-4AA5-8B50-776C46DEB1B5 + + + + + + +Key to known Australian brachypterous and/or micropterous Australian +Agraeciine +genera + + + + + + + + + +1. Males and females micropterous or female apterous ( +e. +g. +Figs 2A +, +11A +).......................................... 4 + + + + +1’ Males and females brachypterous ( +Figs 19A, 19B +)........................................................... 2 + + + + + + +2(1) Colour dark olive green, costal margin of tegmen with veins yellowish ( +Fig. 19E +), internal margin of each tegmen meeting together to form a median longitudinal stripe on dorsum of pronotum ( +Fig. 19E +). + +Ingrischagraecia +Rentz, Su, Ueshima, 2012 + + + + +2’ Not as above......................................................................................... 3 + + + + + +3(2’) Appearing lichen-like ( +Fig. 19G +). Known from Atherton Tableland and Kuranda rainforests............................................................................................. + +Lichenagraecia +Rentz, Su, Ueshima, 2012 + + + + + +3’ Not appearing lichen-like ( +e.g. +Figs 19F, H +). Tegmina bordering brachypterous to micropterous. Known from coastal central +Queensland +(Map 7.......................................... + + +Timbarragraecia +Gen + +nov. + +Rentz, Su, Ueshima, p. 34 + + + + + + +4(1) Occurring in south-eastern +Australia +( +Victoria +, +Australian Capital Territory +, +New South Wales +) ( +Figs 19A, B +)......................................................................................... + +Coptaspis +Redtenbacher, 1891 + + + + + +4’ Occurring in +Northern Territory +, +Queensland +and +Western Australia +............................................. 5 + + + + + +5(4’) Lateral margins of pronotum spiny....................................................................... 6 + + +5’ Lateral margins of pronotum not spiny.................................................................... 7. + + + + + +6(5) Ventral surface of fore femur armed only on anterior margin. Fastigium of vertex represented as an elongate spine. Colour sexually dimorphic; males green ( +Fig. 19F +), females brown. Occurring in +Northern Territory +, western +Queensland +and north-west +Western Australia +.......................................... + +Armadillagraecia +Rentz, Su, Ueshima, Robinson 2010 + + + + + +6’ Ventral surface of fore femur armed on both margins. Fastigium of vertex represented as a blunt tooth............................................................................. + +Kapalgagraecia +Rentz, Su, Ueshima, Robinson 2010 + + + + + + + +7(5’) Lateral margins of pronotum with a dark brown stripe on each side ( +Figs 17 +A-C). Known from Tablelands of northern +Queensland +.............................................. + + +Kokominiagraecia +Gen + +nov. + +Rentz, Su, Ueshima, p. 30 + + + +7’ Lateral margins of pronotum lacking a dark brown stripe...................................................... 8 + + + + + +8(7’) Tegmina protruding from beneath pronotum and much shorter than length of pronotum ( +Table 2 +) ( +Figs 15A +; +16A, B +). Males straw brown, often darker near tip of abdomen. Both sexes with a dark brown median longitudinal stripe. Known from coastal rainforests of central +Queensland +( +Map 4 +)........................ + + +Cooloolagraecia +Gen + +nov. + +Rentz, Su, Ueshima, p. 26 + + + +8’ Without above combination of characters.................................................................. 9 + + + + + +9(8’) Caudal portion of pronotal disk dark brown to black ( +Figs 9A +), in. males. Known only from Glasshouse Mountains, +Queensland +( +Map 4 +)…................................................... + + +Ganiagraecia +Gen + +nov. + +Rentz, Su, Ueshima, p. 17 + + + +9’ Caudal half of pronotum not contrasting with rest of disk in either sex.......................................... 10 + + + + + +10(9’) Colour predominantly green. Males with tegmina barely protruding from beneath pronotum; females with minute tegmina with yellow and black pattern ( +Fig. 19I +). Known from rainforests of Daintree and mountains in and around Atherton Tableland............................................................... + + +Miniagraecia +Gen + +nov. + +Rentz, Su, Ueshima, 2012 + + + +10’ Without above combination of characters................................................................. 11 + + + + + +11(10’) Small robust katydids, dark brown or black. Living in dead twigs and rubble at base of eucalypts in +Western Australia +. ( +Map 6 +)........................................................ .. + + +Latitatagraecia +Gen + +nov. + +Rentz, Su, Ueshima, p. 23 + + + + +11’ Straw brown or green katydids. Living in heath habitats in +Western Australia +and +South Australia +..................... 12 + + + + + + +12(11’) Small, green or brownish katydids. Males with odd extensions of tenth abdominal tergite ( +Figs 10E +, +11B +, +12B +). Male cerci stout, not spiniform. Known from south-western +Western Australia +( +Map 5 +)................................................................................................. + + +Gwynnagraecia +Gen + +nov. + +Rentz, Su, Ueshima, p. 19 + + + + +12’ Larger brownish katydids. Males lacking modifications of tenth abdominal tergite. Male cerci variable, often very spiniform ( +Figs 2E, 2F +, +3A +, +4C +) Known from a broad range of heath habitats in +Western Australia +and South Australian east of the Nullarbor Plain ( +Maps 1-3 +)....................................... + + +Australiagraecia +Gen + +nov. + +Rentz, Su, Ueshima, p. 8 + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/AB/65/03AB656659527269E592FDE7FBA4FE35.xml b/data/03/AB/65/03AB656659527269E592FDE7FBA4FE35.xml index 320d91a39df..80facc0534c 100644 --- a/data/03/AB/65/03AB656659527269E592FDE7FBA4FE35.xml +++ b/data/03/AB/65/03AB656659527269E592FDE7FBA4FE35.xml @@ -1,71 +1,73 @@ - - - -Studies in Australian Tettigoniidae: New short-winged Agraeciini from Australia (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; Conocephalinae; Agraeciini) + + + +Studies in Australian Tettigoniidae: New short-winged Agraeciini from Australia (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; Conocephalinae; Agraeciini) - - -Author + + +Author -Rentz, Dcf -0000-0002-2264-4523 -orthop1@tpg.com.au +Rentz, Dcf +0000-0002-2264-4523 +orthop1@tpg.com.au - - -Author + + +Author -Su, You Ning -0000-0002-0090-9826 -ouning.su@csiro.au +Su, You Ning +0000-0002-0090-9826 +ouning.su@csiro.au - - -Author + + +Author -Ueshima, Norihiro -0000-0002-2264-4523 -orthop1@tpg.com.au +Ueshima, Norihiro +0000-0002-2264-4523 +orthop1@tpg.com.au -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2021 - -2021-10-27 + +2021 + +2021-10-27 - -5059 + +5059 - -2 + +2 - -1 -72 + +1 +72 -journal article -10.11646/zootaxa.5059.1.1 -1175-5326 -5602508 -55EFABBA-F43C-4AA5-8B50-776C46DEB1B5 +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5059.1.1 +1175-5326 +5602508 +55EFABBA-F43C-4AA5-8B50-776C46DEB1B5 + -Ganiagraecia karwinia +Ganiagraecia karwinia 0 Rentz, Su and Ueshima Gen. et sp. nov. + diff --git a/data/03/AB/65/03AB656659597260E592FB18FC91F901.xml b/data/03/AB/65/03AB656659597260E592FB18FC91F901.xml index 8348e26bb3b..88d684455fd 100644 --- a/data/03/AB/65/03AB656659597260E592FB18FC91F901.xml +++ b/data/03/AB/65/03AB656659597260E592FB18FC91F901.xml @@ -1,65 +1,65 @@ - - - -Studies in Australian Tettigoniidae: New short-winged Agraeciini from Australia (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; Conocephalinae; Agraeciini) + + + +Studies in Australian Tettigoniidae: New short-winged Agraeciini from Australia (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; Conocephalinae; Agraeciini) - - -Author + + +Author -Rentz, Dcf -0000-0002-2264-4523 -orthop1@tpg.com.au +Rentz, Dcf +0000-0002-2264-4523 +orthop1@tpg.com.au - - -Author + + +Author -Su, You Ning -0000-0002-0090-9826 -ouning.su@csiro.au +Su, You Ning +0000-0002-0090-9826 +ouning.su@csiro.au - - -Author + + +Author -Ueshima, Norihiro -0000-0002-2264-4523 -orthop1@tpg.com.au +Ueshima, Norihiro +0000-0002-2264-4523 +orthop1@tpg.com.au -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2021 - -2021-10-27 + +2021 + +2021-10-27 - -5059 + +5059 - -2 + +2 - -1 -72 + +1 +72 -journal article -10.11646/zootaxa.5059.1.1 -1175-5326 -5602508 -55EFABBA-F43C-4AA5-8B50-776C46DEB1B5 +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5059.1.1 +1175-5326 +5602508 +55EFABBA-F43C-4AA5-8B50-776C46DEB1B5 -Cooloolagraecia wallum +Cooloolagraecia wallum 0 diff --git a/data/03/AB/65/03AB6566595B7262E592FAD8FB4BFA8C.xml b/data/03/AB/65/03AB6566595B7262E592FAD8FB4BFA8C.xml index a31dc850358..ee584f82188 100644 --- a/data/03/AB/65/03AB6566595B7262E592FAD8FB4BFA8C.xml +++ b/data/03/AB/65/03AB6566595B7262E592FAD8FB4BFA8C.xml @@ -1,65 +1,65 @@ - - - -Studies in Australian Tettigoniidae: New short-winged Agraeciini from Australia (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; Conocephalinae; Agraeciini) + + + +Studies in Australian Tettigoniidae: New short-winged Agraeciini from Australia (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; Conocephalinae; Agraeciini) - - -Author + + +Author -Rentz, Dcf -0000-0002-2264-4523 -orthop1@tpg.com.au +Rentz, Dcf +0000-0002-2264-4523 +orthop1@tpg.com.au - - -Author + + +Author -Su, You Ning -0000-0002-0090-9826 -ouning.su@csiro.au +Su, You Ning +0000-0002-0090-9826 +ouning.su@csiro.au - - -Author + + +Author -Ueshima, Norihiro -0000-0002-2264-4523 -orthop1@tpg.com.au +Ueshima, Norihiro +0000-0002-2264-4523 +orthop1@tpg.com.au -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2021 - -2021-10-27 + +2021 + +2021-10-27 - -5059 + +5059 - -2 + +2 - -1 -72 + +1 +72 -journal article -10.11646/zootaxa.5059.1.1 -1175-5326 -5602508 -55EFABBA-F43C-4AA5-8B50-776C46DEB1B5 +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5059.1.1 +1175-5326 +5602508 +55EFABBA-F43C-4AA5-8B50-776C46DEB1B5 -Latitatagraecia vulgivaga +Latitatagraecia vulgivaga 8 diff --git a/data/03/EF/4E/03EF4E777C00CA64FC33F963215BFB9D.xml b/data/03/EF/4E/03EF4E777C00CA64FC33F963215BFB9D.xml index 1ffaacf6b21..c4d3af83a55 100644 --- a/data/03/EF/4E/03EF4E777C00CA64FC33F963215BFB9D.xml +++ b/data/03/EF/4E/03EF4E777C00CA64FC33F963215BFB9D.xml @@ -1,275 +1,275 @@ - - - -Revision of the montane New Guinean skink genus Lobulia (Squamata: Scincidae), with the description of four new genera and nine new species + + + +Revision of the montane New Guinean skink genus Lobulia (Squamata: Scincidae), with the description of four new genera and nine new species - - -Author + + +Author -Slavenko, Alex +Slavenko, Alex - - -Author + + +Author -Tamar, Karin +Tamar, Karin - - -Author + + +Author -Tallowin, Oliver J S +Tallowin, Oliver J S - - -Author + + +Author -Kraus, Fred +Kraus, Fred - - -Author + + +Author -Allison, Allen +Allison, Allen - - -Author + + +Author -Carranza, Salvador +Carranza, Salvador - - -Author + + +Author -Meiri, Shai +Meiri, Shai -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - -2022 - -2022-05-01 + +2022 + +2022-05-01 - -195 + +195 - -1 + +1 - -220 -278 + +220 +278 - -https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/195/1/220/6365875 + +https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/195/1/220/6365875 -journal article -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab052 -0024-4082 -6530695 +journal article +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab052 +0024-4082 +6530695 - - - - - -LOBULIA LOBULUS + + + + + +LOBULIA LOBULUS ( -LOVERIDGE, 1945 +LOVERIDGE, 1945 ) - -CENTRAL RANGE MOSS SKINK - + +CENTRAL RANGE MOSS SKINK + ( -FIGS 6–8 +FIGS 6–8 ; -TABLE 1 +TABLE 1 ) - -Ly g o s o m a (L e i o l o p i s m a) e l e g a n t o i d e s l o b u l u s -Loveridge, 1945: 49 + +Ly g o s o m a (L e i o l o p i s m a) e l e g a n t o i d e s l o b u l u s +Loveridge, 1945: 49 . - - -Figure 15. - -Lobulia vogelkopensis + + +Figure 15. + +Lobulia vogelkopensis holotype (BPBM 6917), in (A) dorsal view, (B) ventral view, (C) lateral view of head, (D) dorsal view of head and (E) ventral view of head. Images by Alex Slavenko. - - - - -Type + + + + +Type locality: -Mt Wilhelm +Mt Wilhelm , -Papua New Guinea +Papua New Guinea . - -Lobulia lobulus + +Lobulia lobulus , -Kraus, 2020: 204 +Kraus, 2020: 204 . - -Material examined for rediagnosis: - -Papua New Guinea + +Material examined for rediagnosis: + +Papua New Guinea : -Madang Province +Madang Province : -Bismarck Range +Bismarck Range : -Mt Wilhelm +Mt Wilhelm , - -2286– 2438 m + +2286– 2438 m a.s.l. (“ - -7500 to 8000 ft + +7500 to 8000 ft ”) (MCZ R-47067; male; -holotype +holotype ; photos only) ; - -Eastern Highlands Province + +Eastern Highlands Province : -Daulo Pass +Daulo Pass , -6.0409°S +6.0409°S , -145.2256°E +145.2256°E (WGS 84), - -2472 m + +2472 m a.s.l. (BPBM 2577, 2578; -two juveniles +two juveniles ) ; - -Chimbu Province + +Chimbu Province : -Bismarck Range +Bismarck Range : -Denglagu +Denglagu , -Mt Wilhelm +Mt Wilhelm , -5.8424°S +5.8424°S , -145.0967°E +145.0967°E (WGS 84), - -2500 m + +2500 m a.s.l. (BPBM 3901, 3910; -one male +one male , -one juvenile +one juvenile ) ; - -Mt Wilhelm + +Mt Wilhelm , above -Keglsugl +Keglsugl , -5.8071°S +5.8071°S , -145.00631°E +145.00631°E (WGS 84) (BPBM 6125–26; -one male +one male , -one juvenile +one juvenile ) ; - + vicinity of -Keglsugl +Keglsugl , -5.8311°S +5.8311°S , -145.0981°E +145.0981°E (WGS 84), - -2652 m + +2652 m a.s.l. (BPBM 10811; juvenile) ; - -Western Highlands Province + +Western Highlands Province : -Trika +Trika , -5.812°S +5.812°S , -145.095°E +145.095°E (WGS 84), - -2200 m + +2200 m a.s.l. (BPBM 22976; female) ; - -Rondon Ridge + +Rondon Ridge , -5.8891°S +5.8891°S , -144.2521°E +144.2521°E (WGS 84), - -1960 m + +1960 m a.s.l. (BPBM 47837; male) ; - -Hela Province + +Hela Province : -Ambua Lodge +Ambua Lodge , -Tari +Tari , -5.9616°S +5.9616°S , -143.0677°E +143.0677°E (WGS 84), - -2100 m + +2100 m a.s.l. (BPBM 23058; female) @@ -277,231 +277,231 @@ a.s.l. . - - -Diagnosis: + + +Diagnosis: A medium-sized species of - -Lobulia + +Lobulia (adult SVL -42.5–55.8 mm +42.5–55.8 mm ), characterized by the unique combination of frontoparietals unfused; supraorbital ridges usually not pronounced; nuchals 1–3 pairs; paravertebral scales 54–61; mid-body scale rows 32–40; 4 -th +th digit on front foot longer than 3 -rd +rd ; subdigital lamellae 19–24 under 4 -th +th toe; single supradigital scales 3–4 on 4 -th +th toe; mid-dorsum with two rows of large dark brown spots on an olive green background typically joined to form two irregularly-shaped dark brown mid-dorsal stripes; top of tail base with two rows of large dark brown spots; fragmented white dorsolateral stripes present, extending from parietals to base of tail; flanks dark brown with light spots; unbroken white lateral stripes present, extending from occiput to hindlimbs; ventral coloration light blue on chin, occasionally speckled with dark brown spots, lemon-yellow on abdomen and base of tail in life, uniform light blue in preservative; thighs and precloacal region lack brown spotting; ventral surfaces of tail occasionally speckled with light brown spots; palmar and plantar surfaces lemon-yellow in life, light brown in preservative. - - -Figure 16. + + +Figure 16. Pictures in life of (A) - -Ornithuroscincus bengaun + +Ornithuroscincus bengaun (holotype; BPBM 37741); (B) - -Ornithuroscincus pterophilus + +Ornithuroscincus pterophilus (holotype; BPBM 45705); (C) - -Ornithuroscincus sabini + +Ornithuroscincus sabini (BPBM 16761); (D) - -Ornithuroscincus shearmani + +Ornithuroscincus shearmani (holotype; BPBM 47951); (E) - -Ornithuroscincus viridis + +Ornithuroscincus viridis (holotype; BPBM 44744). Images A, C by Fred Kraus, images B, D, E by Allen Allison. - - -Figure 17. - -Ornithuroscincus bengaun + + +Figure 17. + +Ornithuroscincus bengaun holotype (BPBM 37741), in (A) dorsal view, (B) ventral view, (C) lateral view of head, (D) dorsal view of head and (E) ventral view of head. Images by Alex Slavenko. - - + + Comparisons: -Lobulia lobulus +Lobulia lobulus differs from - -Lo. brongersmai + +Lo. brongersmai inhavingunfused(vs.fused) frontoparietals. It differs from - -Lo. elegans + +Lo. elegans in having white dorsolateral stripes and lateral stripes (vs. absent), and in having higher counts of midbody scale rows (32–40 vs. 30–32) and paravertebral scales (54–61 vs. 52–54). - - -Figure 18. - -Ornithuroscincus inornatus + + +Figure 18. + +Ornithuroscincus inornatus holotype (BPBM 41226), in (A) dorsal view, (B) ventral view, (C) lateral view of head, (D) dorsal view of head and (E) ventral view of head. Images by Alex Slavenko. - - -Description: + + +Description: This description is based on photographs of the -holotype +holotype (available online: https://mczbase. mcz.harvard.edu/guid/MCZ:Herp:R-47067) and our examinations of -ten specimens +ten specimens in the BPBM collections. - + Adult body size -42.5–55.8 mm +42.5–55.8 mm SVL (mean = 52.2, SD = 5.5, -N = +N = 5). Females (mean = 49.2, range: 42.5–55.8, SD = 9.4, -N = +N = 2) have larger maximal size than males (mean = 54.2, range: 53.7–55.0, -SD +SD = 0.7, -N = +N = 3), although -Loveridge (1945) +Loveridge (1945) reports an SVL of -60 mm +60 mm for the male -holotype +holotype . Forelimbs 32.9–42.9% of SVL (mean = 39.6%, SD = 3.9, -N = +N = 5). Hindlimbs 42.0–51.5% of SVL (mean = 47.7%, SD = 3.7, -N = +N = 5). Rostral broad and shallow, wider than deep, projecting slightly onto top of snout; nasals more or less rectangular, separated by rostral and frontonasal contact, projecting anterodorsally onto dorsum of snout; nostril circular, centred within nasal, undivided in all but BPBM 6125; frontonasal large, with eight sides, extending laterally to slightly above the level of nares; prefrontals large, either separated by frontonasal and frontal contact ( -N +N = 5) or in narrow contact ( -N +N = 4), rarely separated by a single azygous scale ( -N +N = 2), bordered lateroventrally by two loreals; supraoculars four, anterior two in contact with frontal, posterior three in contact with frontoparietals; frontal roughly kite shaped, widest anteriorly; frontoparietals single pair in medial contact, in narrow contact with frontal; interparietal of roughly similar area to single frontoparietal, kite shaped, widest anteriorly; parietal eye spot absent; parietals in contact behind interparietal, in contact anteriorly with frontoparietals, posteriormost supraocular and two pretemporals; nuchals 1–3 pairs, transversely enlarged, wider than long, separated from secondary temporal by a single intercalated scale; nuchals typically symmetrical ( -N +N = 7), sometimes one more on left side ( -N +N = 3), rarely one more on right side (BPBM 40327). Anterior loreal smaller than posterior loreal, higher than long; posterior loreal usually longer than high; lower preocular roughly square in shape; upper preocular much smaller, longer than high; presubocular single; postsuboculars usually three ( -N +N = 8), occasionally four ( -N +N = 3), lowest interdigitated between subocular supralabial and penultimate supralabial; lower eyelid scaly, moveable, with a clear palpebral disc smaller than the size of the ear opening; supraciliaries typically eight ( -N +N = 7), rarely seven ( -N +N = 2) or nine ( -N +N = 2), anteriormost usually not in contact with frontal ( -N +N = 7), sometimes in narrow contact ( -N +N = 4), posteriormost projecting medially and interdigitated between posteriormost supraocular and upper pretemporal; primary temporals typically one ( -N +N = 9), but rarely two ( -N +N = 2) with lower interdigitated between posterior two supralabials; secondary temporals two, upper larger and overlapping lower; supralabials seven, fifth in contact with small scales of lower eyelid, posteriormost fragmented by horizontal suture in BPBM 47837; postsupralabials two; ear opening moderately large, with lobules along anterior margin. Mental single; postmental single, contacting two anteriormost infralabials; infralabials typically seven ( -N +N = 7), occasionally eight ( -N +N = 4); enlarged chin shields four pairs, the first two pairs in medial contact, third pair narrowly separated by single medial scale, fourth pair separated by three medial scales; posteriormost chin shield in contact with penultimate infralabial ( -N +N = 10), rarely with prepenultimate ( -N +N = 1). Body scales smooth, in 32–40 rows at midbody (mean = 35.3, SD = 2.4, -N = +N = 10); paravertebral scales 54–61 (mean = 57.7, SD = 2.6, -N = +N = 10); medial precloacal scales enlarged, overlapping lateral precloacals. Scales on dorsal surface of fourth toe in two rows proximally, single row distally beginning at third interphalangeal joint, 3–7 single scales (mean = 4, SD = 1.2, -N = +N = 10); subdigital lamellae under fourth toe 19–24 (mean = 21, SD = 1.6, -N = +N = 10), smooth. In preservative ( -Fig. 7 +Fig. 7 ), base dorsal coloration coppery brown, with two mid-dorsal parallel rows of large dark brown spots two to four scales long, typically joined to form irregular dark brown parallel stripes, extending to base of tail; two parallel rows of dark brown spots become smaller posteriorly on tail; dorsolateral stripes present as light brown or light blue fragmented stripes extending from occiput to base of tail; lateral field dark brown, speckled with light blue spots one to two single scales wide; unfragmented light blue lateral stripe present, extending from postsupralabials, across ear opening, to hind limbs; head similar in coloration to dorsum, with dark brown spotting, mostly in centre of scales and along scale margins; ventral surfaces uniform cream or light blue; light brown dusting occasionally present on chin and ventral surface of tail; scales on palmar and plantar surfaces light brown, contrasting with dark brown digits. In life ( -Figs 6 +Figs 6 , -8 +8 ), dorsal colour coppery brown with black mid-dorsal spots; fragmented dorsolateral stripes, uniform lateral stripes and spots on lateral field pale yellow; chin light blue; ventral surfaces of chest, abdomen, thighs, precloacal region and tail lemon yellow, with tail becoming light blue posteriorly; scales on palmar and plantar surfaces dark yellow. - - -Figure 19. - -Ornithuroscincus inornatus + + +Figure 19. + +Ornithuroscincus inornatus holotype (BPBM 41226) in life, in (A) dorsal view and (B) ventral view. Images by Allen Allison. - - -Distribution: + + +Distribution: Known from several locations in the Central Ranges of -Papua New Guinea +Papua New Guinea at elevations -1960–2650 m +1960–2650 m a.s.l., mostly around the vicinity of Mt Wilhelm. It likely does not extend to the Huon Peninsula or the Owen Stanley Ranges, where it is replaced by two newly described species (see below) and - -Lo. elegans + +Lo. elegans . - - -Figure 20. - -Ornithuroscincus pterophilus + + +Figure 20. + +Ornithuroscincus pterophilus holotype (BPBM 45705), in (A) dorsal view, (B) ventral view, (C) lateral view of head, (D) dorsal view of head and (E) ventral view of head. Images by Alex Slavenko. - -Reproduction: + +Reproduction: Viviparous. Only a single gravid female was examined, with three embryos, but litter size is presumably variable in this species, as in other members of the genus. - - -Conservation status: + + +Conservation status: The species appears locally abundant although the population trend is unknown. Based on the sampled populations - -Lo. lobulus + +Lo. lobulus has an extent of occurrence of -4085 km -2 +4085 km +2 and an area of occupancy of -32 km -2 +32 km +2 (based on occupation of -4 km -2 +4 km +2 cells; both calculated using http://geocat.kew.org/). However, its distribution almost certainly encompasses more populations throughout the Central Ranges in suitable elevations, including many specimens already deposited in natural history collections, and the true area of occupancy and extent of occurrence are likely much larger than estimated here. The -type +type locality is in the vicinity of a protected area, the Mount Wilhelm National Park, although the National Park only encompasses elevations> -3200 m +3200 m , and it is unclear if - -Lo. lobulus + +Lo. lobulus occurs at such elevations. Since it is locally abundant, with no immediate direct threats to the species or indirect threats to its habitat or location, and because it likely occurs over a wide distribution range encompassing at least one protected area, we recommend assigning a status of Least Concern to - -Lo. lobulus + +Lo. lobulus , although its true distribution extent needs to be confirmed. diff --git a/data/03/EF/4E/03EF4E777C04CA69FEB3FC382535FC82.xml b/data/03/EF/4E/03EF4E777C04CA69FEB3FC382535FC82.xml index 2f15b246ecc..c6f90d36e6f 100644 --- a/data/03/EF/4E/03EF4E777C04CA69FEB3FC382535FC82.xml +++ b/data/03/EF/4E/03EF4E777C04CA69FEB3FC382535FC82.xml @@ -1,222 +1,222 @@ - - - -Revision of the montane New Guinean skink genus Lobulia (Squamata: Scincidae), with the description of four new genera and nine new species + + + +Revision of the montane New Guinean skink genus Lobulia (Squamata: Scincidae), with the description of four new genera and nine new species - - -Author + + +Author -Slavenko, Alex +Slavenko, Alex - - -Author + + +Author -Tamar, Karin +Tamar, Karin - - -Author + + +Author -Tallowin, Oliver J S +Tallowin, Oliver J S - - -Author + + +Author -Kraus, Fred +Kraus, Fred - - -Author + + +Author -Allison, Allen +Allison, Allen - - -Author + + +Author -Carranza, Salvador +Carranza, Salvador - - -Author + + +Author -Meiri, Shai +Meiri, Shai -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - -2022 - -2022-05-01 + +2022 + +2022-05-01 - -195 + +195 - -1 + +1 - -220 -278 + +220 +278 - -https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/195/1/220/6365875 + +https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/195/1/220/6365875 -journal article -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab052 -0024-4082 -6530695 +journal article +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab052 +0024-4082 +6530695 - - - - - -PAPUASCINCUS + + + + + +PAPUASCINCUS ALLISON & GREER -(CLADE IV) +(CLADE IV) - - + + ( -FIG. 5 +FIG. 5 ; SUPPORTING INFORMATION, -FIG. S6 +FIG. S6 ; -TABLE 1 +TABLE 1 ) - - - -Papuascincus -Allison & Greer, 1986 + + + +Papuascincus +Allison & Greer, 1986 . -Journal of Herpetology +Journal of Herpetology 20(1): 116–119. - - - -Type + + + +Type species: - -Lygosoma stanleyanum -Boulenger, 1897 + +Lygosoma stanleyanum +Boulenger, 1897 , by original designation. - -Diagnosis: + +Diagnosis: Medium-sized (adult SVL -36.3–67.8 mm +36.3–67.8 mm ) terrestrial skinks with short forelimbs (forelimbs 25.1– 38.9% of SVL) and moderately long hindlimbs (33.6– 49.6% of SVL); lobules present on anterior edge of ear opening; single pair of chin shields in medial contact; three supralabials posterior to subocular supralabial; chin shields abutting infralabials; lower eyelid with semitransparent window; standard three-scale temporal region; nasal scale divided by a horizontal suture extending posteriorly from the nostril; frontoparietals fused; oviparous; clutch size two; pustulate egg shells. - - -Papuascincus + + +Papuascincus differs from all other genera by having pustulate egg shells and a divided (vs. undivided) nasal scale. It further differs from - -Nubeoscincus + +Nubeoscincus , - -Prasinohaema + +Prasinohaema and - -Lobulia + +Lobulia by having one pair of chin shields in medial contact (vs. two pairs) and an oviparous (vs. viviparous) reproductive mode. It further differs from - -Nubeoscincus + +Nubeoscincus and - -Prasinohaema + +Prasinohaema by having the standard three-scale temporal region (vs. fragmented temporal region) and the chin shields abutting the infralabials (vs. chin shields separated from infralabials by a row of genials). It further differs from - -Prasinohaema + +Prasinohaema by lacking green blood serum and tissues ( -Greer, 1974 +Greer, 1974 ), a prehensile tail with a glandular tip and basally expanded subdigital lamellae. - -Species included: - -Papuascincus buergersi + +Species included: + +Papuascincus buergersi ( -Vogt, 1932 +Vogt, 1932 ) ; - -Papuascincus morokanus + +Papuascincus morokanus ( -Parker, 1936 +Parker, 1936 ) ; - -Papuascincus phaeodes + +Papuascincus phaeodes ( -Vogt, 1932 +Vogt, 1932 ) ; - -Papuascincus stanleyanus + +Papuascincus stanleyanus ( -Boulenger, 1897 +Boulenger, 1897 ) . - -D i s t r i b u t i o n: + +D i s t r i b u t i o n: M e m b e r s o f -Pa p u a s c i n c u s +Pa p u a s c i n c u s a r e widespread across montane regions of New -Guinea +Guinea , ranging from the Papuan Peninsula to the Central Highlands in -Papua Province +Papua Province ( -Indonesia +Indonesia ). - -Remarks: + +Remarks: The genus - -Papuascincus + +Papuascincus most likely contains more species than currently recognized ( - + Slavenko -et al. +et al. , 2020 ). However, members of the genus appear to be more morphologically conservative than the other genera described in this manuscript. A full taxonomic revision of - -Papuascincus + +Papuascincus is underway. diff --git a/data/03/EF/4E/03EF4E777C09CA58FE8FFBC522A5FBF3.xml b/data/03/EF/4E/03EF4E777C09CA58FE8FFBC522A5FBF3.xml index f19b589f45e..1e0d8751caa 100644 --- a/data/03/EF/4E/03EF4E777C09CA58FE8FFBC522A5FBF3.xml +++ b/data/03/EF/4E/03EF4E777C09CA58FE8FFBC522A5FBF3.xml @@ -1,524 +1,524 @@ - - - -Revision of the montane New Guinean skink genus Lobulia (Squamata: Scincidae), with the description of four new genera and nine new species + + + +Revision of the montane New Guinean skink genus Lobulia (Squamata: Scincidae), with the description of four new genera and nine new species - - -Author + + +Author -Slavenko, Alex +Slavenko, Alex - - -Author + + +Author -Tamar, Karin +Tamar, Karin - - -Author + + +Author -Tallowin, Oliver J S +Tallowin, Oliver J S - - -Author + + +Author -Kraus, Fred +Kraus, Fred - - -Author + + +Author -Allison, Allen +Allison, Allen - - -Author + + +Author -Carranza, Salvador +Carranza, Salvador - - -Author + + +Author -Meiri, Shai +Meiri, Shai -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - -2022 - -2022-05-01 + +2022 + +2022-05-01 - -195 + +195 - -1 + +1 - -220 -278 + +220 +278 - -https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/195/1/220/6365875 + +https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/195/1/220/6365875 -journal article -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab052 -0024-4082 -6530695 +journal article +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab052 +0024-4082 +6530695 - - - - -LOBULIA FORTIS - -SP. NOV. + + + + +LOBULIA FORTIS + +SP. NOV. -MOUNT STRONG MOSS SKINK +MOUNT STRONG MOSS SKINK - - + + ( -FIGS 6 +FIGS 6 , -9–10 +9–10 ; -TABLE 1 +TABLE 1 ) - -Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: + +Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n:l s i d: z o o b a n k. org:act: -A3DD9FD2-4D28-4883-A087-249B6C432020 +A3DD9FD2-4D28-4883-A087-249B6C432020 - - - -Holotype + + + +Holotype : BPBM 41149 (field tag AA 21543), adult male, collected by -A.Allison +A.Allison at -Kesemani +Kesemani , -7.9372°S +7.9372°S , -147.0544°E +147.0544°E (WGS 84), - -1733 m + +1733 m a.s.l. , north slope of -Mt Strong +Mt Strong , -Morobe Province +Morobe Province , -Papua New Guinea +Papua New Guinea , - -25 February 2012 + +25 February 2012 . - - - -Paratypes + + + +Paratypes (N = 28): -Papua New Guinea +Papua New Guinea : -Morobe Province +Morobe Province : -Mt Strong +Mt Strong : -Arabuka +Arabuka , -7.9838°S +7.9838°S , -147.0458°E +147.0458°E (WGS 84), - -1965 m + +1965 m a.s.l. (BPBM 41127–35, 41141–48; -five males +five males , -seven females +seven females , -five juveniles +five juveniles ) ; - -Lamgatak Camp + +Lamgatak Camp [Camp 2], -7.9325°S +7.9325°S , -147.0399°E +147.0399°E (WGS 84), - -2161 m + +2161 m a.s.l. (BPBM 41136–40; -two males +two males , -one female +one female , -two juveniles +two juveniles ) ; - + same locality as holotype (BPBM 41150–55; -three males +three males , -two females +two females , -one juvenile +one juvenile ) . - -Diagnosis: + +Diagnosis: A medium-sized species of - -Lobulia + +Lobulia (adult SVL -45.7–60.5 mm +45.7–60.5 mm ), characterized by the unique combination of frontoparietals unfused; supraorbital ridges not pronounced; nuchals 1–2 pairs; paravertebral scales 55–65; mid-body scale rows 34–37; 4 -th +th digit on front foot longer than 3 -rd +rd ; subdigital lamellae 20–25 under 4 -th +th toe; single supradigital scales 3–5 on 4 -th +th toe; mid-dorsum with two rows of large dark brown spots; top of tail base with single row of large dark brown spots; light blue or white dorsolateral stripes absent; flanks dark brown with thin light blue to grey vertical bands; light blue or white lateral stripes absent; uniform coloration on abdomen either lemon yellow (in males) or white (in females) in life, light blue in preservative; thighs and precloacal region without brown spotting; ventral surface of tail lemon yellow in life, becoming white posteriorly, uniform light blue in preservative, either speckled with light brown spots (occasionally forming fragmented parallel longitudinal lines) or with speckling absent; palmar and plantar surfaces lemon yellow in life, light brown in preservative. - - + + Comparisons: -Lobulia fortis +Lobulia fortis differs from - -Lo. brongersmai + +Lo. brongersmai in having unfused (vs. fused) frontoparietals. It differs from - -Lo. lobulus + +Lo. lobulus in lacking dorsolateral and lateral stripes. - -Lo. fortis + +Lo. fortis is most similar to - -Lo. elegans + +Lo. elegans in having unfused frontoparietals and lacking light blue or white dorsolateral and lateral stripes but differs from it in having higher counts of midbody scale rows (34–37 vs. 30–32) and paravertebral scales (55–65 vs. 52–54) and a lower number of nuchal pairs (one or two vs. three). - - + + Description of the -holotype +holotype : Rostral broad and shallow, wider than deep, projecting slightly onto top of snout; nasals more or less rectangular, separated by rostral and frontonasal contact, projecting anterodorsally onto dorsum of snout; nostril circular, centred within nasal; frontonasal large, with seven sides, extending laterally to slightly above the level of nares, posteriorly in narrow contact with frontal; prefrontals large, separated by frontonasal and frontal contact, bordered lateroventrally by two loreals; supraoculars four, anterior two in contact with frontal, posterior three in contact with frontoparietals; frontal roughly kite shaped, widest anteriorly; frontoparietals single pair in medial contact, in narrow contact with frontal; interparietal of roughly similar area to single frontoparietal, kite shaped, widest anteriorly; parietal eye spot absent; parietals in contact behind interparietal, in contact anteriorly with frontoparietals, posteriormost supraocular and two pretemporals; nuchals single pair, transversely enlarged, wider than long, separated from secondary temporal by a single intercalated scale. Anterior loreal slightly smaller than posterior loreal, both longer than high; lower preocular roughly square in shape; upper preocular much smaller, longer than high; presubocular single; postsuboculars three, lowest interdigitated between subocular supralabial and penultimate supralabial; lower eyelid scaly, moveable, with a clear palpebral disc smaller than size of ear opening; supraciliaries eight, anteriormost not in contact with frontal, posteriormost projecting medially and interdigitated between posteriormost supraocular and upper pretemporal; primary temporal single, interdigitated between posterior two supralabials; secondary temporals two, upper larger and ovelapping lower; supralabials seven, fifth in contact with small scales of lower eyelid; postsupralabials two; ear opening moderately large, with lobules along anterior margin. Mental single; postmental single, contacting two anteriormost infralabials; infralabials seven; enlarged chin shields four pairs, the first two pairs in medial contact, third pair narrowly separated by single medial scale, fourth pair separated by three medial scales; posteriormost chin shield in contact with penultimate infralabial. Body scales smooth, in 36 rows at midbody; paravertebral scales 60; medial precloacal scales enlarged, overlapping lateral precloacals. Scales on dorsal surface of 4th toe in two rows proximally, single row distally beginning at third interphalangeal joint, four single scales; subdigital lamellae under 4th toe 23, smooth. In preservative ( -Fig. 9 +Fig. 9 ), base dorsal coloration grey, with two mid-dorsal parallel rows of large dark brown spots two to four scales long, extending to base of tail and converging to a single row of blotches along tail; dorsolateral stripes absent; lateral field composed of smaller dark brown blotches, roughly parallel to dorsal rows, separated by thin vertical grey lines; lateral stripe absent; head similar in coloration to dorsum, with brown snout; dark brown spotting present on head scales, mostly along scale margins; ventral surfaces uniform light blue; light brown dusting present on chin; scales on palmar and plantar surfaces light brown, contrasting with dark brown digits. In life ( -Fig. 10 +Fig. 10 ), dorsal colour reddish coppery brown with black mid-dorsal spots; chin white; ventral surfaces of chest, abdomen, thighs, precloacal region and tail lemon yellow, with tail becoming white posteriorly; scales on palmar and plantar surfaces lemon yellow. - - -Figure 22. - -Ornithuroscincus shearmani + + +Figure 22. + +Ornithuroscincus shearmani holotype (BPBM 47915), in (A) dorsal view, (B) ventral view, (C) lateral view of head, (D) dorsal view of head and (E) ventral view of head. Images by Alex Slavenko. - - -Figure 23. - -Ornithuroscincus viridis + + +Figure 23. + +Ornithuroscincus viridis holotype (BPBM 44744), in (A) dorsal view, (B) ventral view, (C) lateral view of head, (D) dorsal view of head and (E) ventral view of head. Images by Alex Slavenko. - -Variation: + +Variation: Adult body size -45.7–60.5 mm +45.7–60.5 mm SVL (mean = 53.6, SD = 4.9, -N = +N = 21). Females (mean = 55.8, range: 47.8–60.5, SD = 4.7, -N = +N = 10) larger than males (mean = 51.6, range: 45.7–56.8, SD = 4.4, -N = +N = 11; -t +t = 2.1, -P +P = 0.05). Forelimbs 40.6–47.6% of SVL (mean = 43.3%, SD = 1.9, -N = +N = 21). Hindlimbs 46.0–54.8% of SVL (mean = 50.2%, SD = 2.4, -N = +N = 21). Scale rows at midbody 34–37 (mean = 35.3, SD = 1.0, -N = +N = 28); paravertebral scales 55–65 (mean = 58.9, SD = 2.6, -N = +N = 28). Lamellae under 4th toe 20–25 (mean = 22.9, SD = 1.2, -N = +N = 28); single supradigital scales on 4th toe 3–5 (mean = 3.5, SD = 0.6, -N = +N = 28). Mostly one or two pairs of nuchals, but BPBM 41130, 41135, 41136, 41138, 41145 and 41146 have an asymmetrical number of nuchals, with one more nuchal on left side. Primary nuchals usually separated from secondary temporals by single smaller intercalated scale ( -N +N = 25), rarely by none on left side and one on right ( -N +N = 3). Supraorbital ridges not pronounced in all but BPBM 41152. Frontonasal usually wider than long ( -N +N = 25), rarely as long as wide ( -N +N = 3). Prefrontals usually separated by frontonasal and frontal contact ( -N +N = 20), occasionally in narrow medial contact ( -N +N = 7), rarely separated by a single azygous scale ( -N +N = 1). Supraciliaries rarely seven ( -N +N = 1), typically eight ( -N +N = 23), occasionally nine ( -N +N = 4). Anteriormost supraciliary usually not in contact with frontal ( -N +N = 22), sometimes in narrow contact ( -N +N = 6). Presubocular usually single ( -N +N = 26), rarely two ( -N +N = 2). Postsuboculars usually three ( -N +N = 25), rarely four ( -N +N = 3). Supralabials typically seven ( -N +N = 25), rarely eight ( -N +N = 3). Infralabials rarely six ( -N +N = 3), typically seven ( -N +N = 25). Chin shields typically symmetrical ( -N +N = 23), occasionally anteriormost two on left side fused ( -N +N = 4), rarely anteriormost two on right side fused ( -N +N = 1). - - -Figure 24. - -Ornithuroscincus viridis + + +Figure 24. + +Ornithuroscincus viridis holotype (BPBM 44744) in life, in (A) dorsal view and (B) ventral view. Images by Allen Allison. - + Colour pattern of all -paratypes +paratypes generally similar to -holotype +holotype , with few exceptions. Size of mid-dorsal dark brown spots varies between individuals. BPBM 41136 and 41154 have fragmented lateral stripes, and BPBM 41139 has uniform lateral stripes. BPBM 40334 has dark brown palmar and plantar surfaces. - -Colour in life: + +Colour in life: Dorsal surfaces coppery brown with two parallel mid-dorsal rows of large dark brown spots ( -Figs 6 +Figs 6 , -10 +10 ). Sides dark brown to jet black, usually with thin coppery vertical stripes between dark blotches, which are more or less parallel to dorsal rows of spots. Chin white. Ventral surfaces of chest, abdomen, precloacal region, thighs and base of tail lemon yellow in adult males and white in females and juveniles. Palmar and planar surfaces lemon yellow. - -Etymology: + +Etymology: From the single-ending Latin adjective, - -fortis + +fortis , strong, in reference to Mt Strong, where the -type +type series was collected. - -Distribution: + +Distribution: Specimens examined are from -1733– 2161 m +1733– 2161 m a.s.l. on the northern slopes of Mt Strong. Specimens collected from the vicinity of Wau and Mt Kaindi further north in similar elevations and deposited in BPBM as - -Lo. elegans + +Lo. elegans were not examined here, but from photos taken in life and appear to have similar coloration patterns to - -Lo. fortis + +Lo. fortis and therefore possibly also represent - -Lo. fortis + +Lo. fortis . If true, this would make the distribution of this species extend throughout the north-western Owen Stanley Mts. - -Natural history: + +Natural history: All animals were collected from areas that were covered or formerly covered in lower montane forest ( -Paijmans, 1975 +Paijmans, 1975 ). Trees were generally -20–30 m +20–30 m tall and formed a fairly even, mostly closed canopy. There was a profusion of epiphytic orchids and ferns and a ground flora of scattered herbs and shrubs. Dominant tree taxa included - -Castanopsis acuminatissima + +Castanopsis acuminatissima (Blume) A.DC. , - -Lithocarpus celebicus + +Lithocarpus celebicus (Miq.) Rehder , - -Elaeocarpus kaniensis + +Elaeocarpus kaniensis Schltr. , - -Elaeocarpus pycnanthus + +Elaeocarpus pycnanthus A.C.Sm. , - -Litsea + +Litsea sp. and - -Saurauia + +Saurauia spp. Southern beech, - -Nothofagus + +Nothofagus sp. , is common on some ridges above -2100 m +2100 m . - + Animals from Langatak were found in forest clearings or in exposed areas along walking tracks. They were exclusively on tree stumps or logs at heights of -2–3 m +2–3 m above the forest floor. The other animals were collected around two villages, Arabuka and Kesemani, within -1–2 km +1–2 km of Langatak, but located within anthropogenous grassland dominated by two native species, - -Miscanthus floridulus + +Miscanthus floridulus (Labill.) Warb. ex K.Schum. & Lauterb. and - -Imperata cylindrica + +Imperata cylindrica (L.) P.Beauv., with patches of the invasive exotic grass, - -Melinis minutiflora + +Melinis minutiflora P.Beauv. The lizards were mostly on isolated tree stumps but also occurred on the lower timbers of houses. They were heliothermic and were generally active only during the first few hours of the morning. - + Other lizard taxa common in the area included at least two species of - -Papuascincus + +Papuascincus , - -Pr. flavipes + +Pr. flavipes , species of - -Emoia + +Emoia Gray, 1845 and at least four species of - -Sphenomorphus + +Sphenomorphus Fitzinger, 1843 . A widely distributed montane frog, - -Litoria angiana + +Litoria angiana (Boulenger, 1915) , is also common. - -Reproduction: + +Reproduction: Viviparous. Litter size varies between 2–3 (mean 2.5, -N = +N = 6). - -Conservation status: + +Conservation status: The species appears locally abundant at the -type +type locality although the population trend is unknown. Based on the population described herein from Mt Strong, the extent of occurrence for - -Lo. fortis + +Lo. fortis is -0.3 km -2 +0.3 km +2 , with an -8 km -2 +8 km +2 area of occupancy (based on occupation of -4 km -2 +4 km +2 cells; both calculated using http://geocat.kew.org/). If the species has a wider range in the north-western Owen Stanley Mts as described above, its extent of occurrence would be -1458 km -2 +1458 km +2 and area of occupancy would be -36 km -2 +36 km +2 . The putative northern populations occur in a protected area, the Mt Kaindi Wildlife Management Area, approximately -2 km +2 km from the McAdams National Park. Since it is locally abundant, with no immediate direct threats to the species or indirect threats to its habitat or location, and because it likely occurs over a wide range encompassing at least one protected area, we recommend assigning a status of Least Concern to - -Lo. fortis + +Lo. fortis , although its true distribution needs to be confirmed through further surveys in the north-western Owen Stanley Mts. diff --git a/data/03/EF/4E/03EF4E777C19CA6BFC78FA672483FC0B.xml b/data/03/EF/4E/03EF4E777C19CA6BFC78FA672483FC0B.xml index eadd5d8263a..151a7d43b22 100644 --- a/data/03/EF/4E/03EF4E777C19CA6BFC78FA672483FC0B.xml +++ b/data/03/EF/4E/03EF4E777C19CA6BFC78FA672483FC0B.xml @@ -1,411 +1,413 @@ - - - -Revision of the montane New Guinean skink genus Lobulia (Squamata: Scincidae), with the description of four new genera and nine new species + + + +Revision of the montane New Guinean skink genus Lobulia (Squamata: Scincidae), with the description of four new genera and nine new species - - -Author + + +Author -Slavenko, Alex +Slavenko, Alex - - -Author + + +Author -Tamar, Karin +Tamar, Karin - - -Author + + +Author -Tallowin, Oliver J S +Tallowin, Oliver J S - - -Author + + +Author -Kraus, Fred +Kraus, Fred - - -Author + + +Author -Allison, Allen +Allison, Allen - - -Author + + +Author -Carranza, Salvador +Carranza, Salvador - - -Author + + +Author -Meiri, Shai +Meiri, Shai -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - -2022 - -2022-05-01 + +2022 + +2022-05-01 - -195 + +195 - -1 + +1 - -220 -278 + +220 +278 - -https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/195/1/220/6365875 + +https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/195/1/220/6365875 -journal article -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab052 -0024-4082 -6530695 +journal article +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab052 +0024-4082 +6530695 - - - - - -PRASINOHAEMA -GREER, 1974 + + + + + +PRASINOHAEMA +GREER, 1974 -(CLADE II) +(CLADE II) - - + + ( -FIG. 5 +FIG. 5 ; SUPPORTING INFORMATION, -FIG. S6 +FIG. S6 ; -TABLE 1 +TABLE 1 ) + - - -Prasinohaema -Greer, 1974 + + + +Prasinohaema +Greer, 1974 . -Australian Journal of Zoology Supplementary Series +Australian Journal of Zoology Supplementary Series (31): 1–67. - - - - -Type + + + + +Type species: - -Lygosoma flavipes -Parker, 1936 + +Lygosoma flavipes +Parker, 1936 , by original designation. - - -Diagnosis: + + +Diagnosis: Large (adult SVL up to -103 mm +103 mm ; Meiri, 2018) arboreal skinks with short limbs (forelimbs 27.7–31.4% of SVL, hindlimbs 29.9–34.1% of SVL); lobules present on anterior edge of ear opening; two pairs of chin shields in medial contact; three supralabials posterior to subocular supralabial; chin shields separated from infralabials by a row of genials; lower eyelid with window variable in size, opaqueness and scaliness; temporal region fragmented (> 3 scales); nasal scale undivided; frontoparietals unfused; viviparous; litter size 2–9; green blood serum and tissues; tail prehensile with a glandular tip; subdigital lamellae greatly expanded basally. - - -Figure 6. + + +Figure 6. Pictures in life of (A) - -Lobulia brongersmai + +Lobulia brongersmai (BPBM 34733); (B) - -Lobulia elegans + +Lobulia elegans (BPBM 18692); (C) - -Lobulia fortis + +Lobulia fortis (paratype; BPBM 41130); (D) - -Lobulia huonensis + +Lobulia huonensis (holotype; BPBM 40322); (E) - -Lobulia lobulus + +Lobulia lobulus (BPBM 47837); (F) - -Lobulia marmorata + +Lobulia marmorata (holotype; BPBM 34150). Images A, B, F by Fred Kraus, images C–E by Allen Allison. - - -Prasinohaema + + +Prasinohaema differs from - -Lobulia + +Lobulia and - -Papuascincus + +Papuascincus by having green blood serum and tissues ( -Greer, 1974 +Greer, 1974 ), a prehensile tail with a glandular tip and basally expanded subdigital lamellae, by having the chin shields separated from the infralabials by a row of genials (vs. chin shields abutting the infralabials) and by having a fragmented temporal region (vs. the standard three-scale arrangement). It further differs from - -Papuascincus + +Papuascincus by having two pairs of chin shields in medial contact (vs. one), unfused (vs. fused) frontoparietals, an undivided (vs. divided) nasal scale and by its viviparous (vs. oviparous) reproductive mode. - - -Figure 7. - -Lobulia lobulus + + +Figure 7. + +Lobulia lobulus holotype (MCZ R-47067), in (A) dorsal view, (B) ventral view, (C) lateral view of head, (D) dorsal view of head and (E) ventral view of head. Images by Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. - - -Species included: - -Prasinohaema flavipes + + +Species included: + +Prasinohaema flavipes ( -Parker, 1936 +Parker, 1936 ) ; - -Prasinohaema prehensicauda + +Prasinohaema prehensicauda (Loveridge, 1897) . - -Species incertae sedis: - -Prasinohaema parkeri + +Species incertae sedis: + +Prasinohaema parkeri ( -Smith, 1937 +Smith, 1937 ) was originally placed in - -Prasinohaema + +Prasinohaema by -Greer (1974) +Greer (1974) , seemingly based on having basally enlarged subdigital lamellae and transverse cross-bands on the dorsum, a coloration pattern it shares with - -Pr. prehensicauda + +Pr. prehensicauda and - -Pr. flavipes + +Pr. flavipes , but also with - -Pr. semoni + +Pr. semoni which is phylogenetically distant from the former two species ( -Fig. 1 +Fig. 1 ). However, no information was given in -Smith (1937) +Smith (1937) regarding the condition of its tail or the colour of its blood serum or tissues, data for the latter of which would not have been available for Greer in his revision ( -Greer, 1974 +Greer, 1974 ) since the species was never collected after its original description. Furthermore, - -Pr. parkeri + +Pr. parkeri lacks lobules on the anterior edge of the ear opening and has a unique arrangement of the frontal (contacting the three vs. two anteriormost supraoculars) and prefrontals (fused with the anterior loreals). - -Pr. parkeri + +Pr. parkeri is only known from its -type +type specimen ( - + Meiri -et al. +et al. , 2018 ) collected in the Utakwa River ( -Smith, 1937 +Smith, 1937 ), presumably along the southern slopes of the Sudirman Range ( -Wollaston, 1914 +Wollaston, 1914 ). Although the presence of basally expanded subdigital lamellae and cross-bands may suggest an affinity with - -Pr. prehensicauda + +Pr. prehensicauda and - -Pr. flavipes + +Pr. flavipes , these traits are also common in at least some other New Guinean skinks (e.g. basally expanded subdigital lamellae in - -Li. longiceps + +Li. longiceps , cross-bands and basally expanded subdigital lamellae in - -Pr. semoni + +Pr. semoni ), and therefore its placement in - -Prasinohaema + +Prasinohaema is uncertain. Similarly, the presence of green blood serum and tissues alone would not be enough to place it in - -Prasinohaema + +Prasinohaema , as both - -Pr. semoni + +Pr. semoni and - -Pr. virens + +Pr. virens possess this trait but are otherwise morphologically and phylogenetically distant from - -Pr. prehensicada + +Pr. prehensicada and - -Pr. flavipes + +Pr. flavipes ( -Figs 1–2 +Figs 1–2 ). - -Distribution: + +Distribution: The two species in the genus ( - -Pr. flavipes + +Pr. flavipes and - -Pr. prehensicauda + +Pr. prehensicauda ) are widespread in the montane regions of -Papua New Guinea +Papua New Guinea . - -Prasinohaema prehensicauda + +Prasinohaema prehensicauda is present in the New -Guinea +Guinea Highlands and on the Papuan Peninsula, whereas - -Pr. flavipes + +Pr. flavipes also occurs on the Huon Peninsula. - -Remarks: + +Remarks: Two other species are currently assigned to the genus - -Prasinohaema + +Prasinohaema : - -Pr. semoni + +Pr. semoni and - -Pr. virens + +Pr. virens . These species emerge in our analyses as phylogenetically distant from the -type +type species of the genus, - -Pr. flavipes + +Pr. flavipes ( -Fig. 1 +Fig. 1 ; - + Rodriguez -et al. +et al. , 2018 ), rendering the former concept of the genus polyphyletic. They also differ widely morphologically ( -Fig. 2 +Fig. 2 ), reproductively ( - -Pr. virens + +Pr. virens is oviparous, whereas - -Pr. semoni + +Pr. semoni , - -Pr. flavipes + +Pr. flavipes and - -Pr. prehensicauda + +Pr. prehensicauda are viviparous; -Fig. 2 +Fig. 2 ) and in elevational range ( - -Pr. semoni + +Pr. semoni and - -Pr. virens + +Pr. virens are lowland species, whereas - -Pr. flavipes + +Pr. flavipes and - -Pr. prehensicauda + +Pr. prehensicauda are montane species; -Fig. 4 +Fig. 4 ). Many of these differences, particularly in - -Pr. virens + +Pr. virens , were mentioned by Greer even in his original description of the genus ( -Greer, 1974 +Greer, 1974 ). Therefore, we stress that - -Prasinohaema + +Prasinohaema is in need of taxonomic revision. - -Prasinohaema semoni + +Prasinohaema semoni and - -Pr. virens + +Pr. virens likely need to be assigned to new genera, although this is beyond the scope of the current work. diff --git a/data/03/EF/4E/03EF4E777C1ACA74FC12FC69242AFA3A.xml b/data/03/EF/4E/03EF4E777C1ACA74FC12FC69242AFA3A.xml index a91381411d0..e180c5b7535 100644 --- a/data/03/EF/4E/03EF4E777C1ACA74FC12FC69242AFA3A.xml +++ b/data/03/EF/4E/03EF4E777C1ACA74FC12FC69242AFA3A.xml @@ -1,260 +1,260 @@ - - - -Revision of the montane New Guinean skink genus Lobulia (Squamata: Scincidae), with the description of four new genera and nine new species + + + +Revision of the montane New Guinean skink genus Lobulia (Squamata: Scincidae), with the description of four new genera and nine new species - - -Author + + +Author -Slavenko, Alex +Slavenko, Alex - - -Author + + +Author -Tamar, Karin +Tamar, Karin - - -Author + + +Author -Tallowin, Oliver J S +Tallowin, Oliver J S - - -Author + + +Author -Kraus, Fred +Kraus, Fred - - -Author + + +Author -Allison, Allen +Allison, Allen - - -Author + + +Author -Carranza, Salvador +Carranza, Salvador - - -Author + + +Author -Meiri, Shai +Meiri, Shai -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - -2022 - -2022-05-01 + +2022 + +2022-05-01 - -195 + +195 - -1 + +1 - -220 -278 + +220 +278 - -https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/195/1/220/6365875 + +https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/195/1/220/6365875 -journal article -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab052 -0024-4082 -6530695 +journal article +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab052 +0024-4082 +6530695 - - - - - -LOBULIA -GREER, 1974 + + + + + +LOBULIA +GREER, 1974 (CLADE I) - - + + ( -FIGS 5–15 +FIGS 5–15 ; SUPPORTING INFORMATION, -FIGS S6–S -7 +FIGS S6–S +7 ; -TABLE 1 +TABLE 1 ) - - - -Lobulia -Greer, 1974 + + + +Lobulia +Greer, 1974 . -Australian Journal of Zoology Supplementary Series +Australian Journal of Zoology Supplementary Series (31): 1–67. - - - -Type + + + +Type species: - -Lygosoma elegans -Boulenger, 1897 + +Lygosoma elegans +Boulenger, 1897 , by original designation. - - -Diagnosis: + + +Diagnosis: Medium-sized (adult SVL -41.9–63.9 mm +41.9–63.9 mm ) terrestrial or semi-arboreal skinks with long limbs (forelimbs 32.9–47.6% of SVL, hindlimbs 41.6– 54.8% of SVL); lobules present on anterior edge of ear opening; two pairs of chin shields in medial contact; two supralabials posterior to subocular supralabial; chin shields abutting infralabials; lower eyelid with semi-transparent window; standard three-scale temporal region; nasal scale undivided; frontoparietals either fused or unfused; viviparous; litter size 1–4. - - -Lobulia + + +Lobulia differs from all other genera by its much longer limbs (forelimbs 32.9–47.6% vs. 27.7–39.8% of SVL, hindlimbs 41.6–54.8% vs. 29.9–49.6% of SVL). It further differs from - -Prasinohaema + +Prasinohaema by lacking green blood serum and tissues ( -Greer, 1974 +Greer, 1974 ), a prehensile tail with a glandular tip and basally expanded subdigital lamellae. It differs from - -Papuascincus + +Papuascincus by having two pairs of chin shields in medial contact (vs. one), an undivided (vs. divided) nasal scale and a viviparous (vs. oviparous) reproductive mode. - - -Figure 5. + + +Figure 5. Representatives of each of the seven revised genera, not to scale: (A) - -Lobulia huonensis + +Lobulia huonensis (BPBM 40322); (B) - -Prasinohaema flavipes + +Prasinohaema flavipes (BPBM 40369); (C) - -Nubeoscincus glacialis + +Nubeoscincus glacialis (BPBM 14712); (D) - -Papuascincus + +Papuascincus lineage VII (BPBM 44749); (E) - -Palaia pulchra + +Palaia pulchra (BPBM 38789); (F) - -Alpinoscincus alpinus + +Alpinoscincus alpinus (BPBM 44218); (G) - -Ornithuroscincus pterophilus + +Ornithuroscincus pterophilus (BPBM 45705). Images by Allen Allison. - - -Species included: - -Lobulia brongersmai -Zweifel, 1972 + + +Species included: + +Lobulia brongersmai +Zweifel, 1972 ; - -Lobulia elegans + +Lobulia elegans ( -Boulenger, 1897 +Boulenger, 1897 ) ; - -Lobulia lobulus + +Lobulia lobulus ( -Loveridge, 1945 +Loveridge, 1945 ) ; and new species described below. - - -Distribution: + + +Distribution: Members of - -Lobulia + +Lobulia are widespread along most of the montane regions of New -Guinea +Guinea , ranging from the central Owen Stanley Mountains in the Papuan Peninsula in the east ( - -Lo. elegans + +Lo. elegans ) to the Arfak Mountains in the Vogelkop Peninsula in the west. Most species are montane, found at elevations up to -2700 m +2700 m a.s.l.; however, - -Lo. brongersmai + +Lo. brongersmai is found in the lowlands and hill regions of the northern versant of New -Guinea +Guinea ( -0–1340 m +0–1340 m a.s.l.). - -Lobulia brongersmai + +Lobulia brongersmai is the only member of the genus to be found below elevations of -700 m +700 m , the lowest recorded locality for - -Lo. elegans + +Lo. elegans ( -Kraus, 2020 +Kraus, 2020 ) . - - -Remarks: + + +Remarks: Molecular evidence suggests that at least two other species not already named or described herein occur in the genus: one in Woitape (BPBM 18689–90; WGS 84: -8.545°S +8.545°S , -147.251°E +147.251°E ) and one on Mt Yakapi in the Muller Range (BPBM 34161; WGS 84: -5.666°S +5.666°S , -142.643°E +142.643°E ). However, since both are only known from a few specimens each, and are not extremely morphologically distinct, we refrain from formally describing them until further material can be collected and examined. diff --git a/data/03/EF/4E/03EF4E777C22CA4CFD9DFB6625E8FEEB.xml b/data/03/EF/4E/03EF4E777C22CA4CFD9DFB6625E8FEEB.xml index 0f37133684f..db3b8ae92e1 100644 --- a/data/03/EF/4E/03EF4E777C22CA4CFD9DFB6625E8FEEB.xml +++ b/data/03/EF/4E/03EF4E777C22CA4CFD9DFB6625E8FEEB.xml @@ -1,157 +1,157 @@ - - - -Revision of the montane New Guinean skink genus Lobulia (Squamata: Scincidae), with the description of four new genera and nine new species + + + +Revision of the montane New Guinean skink genus Lobulia (Squamata: Scincidae), with the description of four new genera and nine new species - - -Author + + +Author -Slavenko, Alex +Slavenko, Alex - - -Author + + +Author -Tamar, Karin +Tamar, Karin - - -Author + + +Author -Tallowin, Oliver J S +Tallowin, Oliver J S - - -Author + + +Author -Kraus, Fred +Kraus, Fred - - -Author + + +Author -Allison, Allen +Allison, Allen - - -Author + + +Author -Carranza, Salvador +Carranza, Salvador - - -Author + + +Author -Meiri, Shai +Meiri, Shai -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - -2022 - -2022-05-01 + +2022 + +2022-05-01 - -195 + +195 - -1 + +1 - -220 -278 + +220 +278 - -https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/195/1/220/6365875 + +https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/195/1/220/6365875 -journal article -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab052 -0024-4082 -6530695 +journal article +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab052 +0024-4082 +6530695 - - - - + + + + KEY TO SPECIES IN - -ORNITHUROSCINCUS + +ORNITHUROSCINCUS - - - - -1. (a) Light yellow-white patch on occiput absent ................................................................................................2 - - + + + + +1. (a) Light yellow-white patch on occiput absent ................................................................................................2 + + (b) Light yellow-white patch on occiput present............................................................ - -O. noctua + +O. noctua –moth skink - - -2. (a) Frontoparietals fused....................................................................................................................................3 - -(b) Frontoparietals unfused ...............................................................................................................................4 + + +2. (a) Frontoparietals fused....................................................................................................................................3 + +(b) Frontoparietals unfused ...............................................................................................................................4 - - - + + + 3. (a) Adult SVL < -50 mm +50 mm ; paravertebrals <70; uniform olive dorsum coloration with thick bronze dorsolateral stripes ............................................................................................. - -O. bengaun + +O. bengaun — Daga smooth-eared skink - - + + (b) Adult SVL> -50 mm +50 mm ; paravertebrals> 70; dark brown to black dorsal coloration with golden striations .......................................................................................... - -O. shearmani + +O. shearmani — Shearman’s smooth-eared skink - - -4. (a) Dorsolateral stripes absent ..........................................................................................................................5 - -(b) Dorsolateral stripes present.........................................................................................................................7 + + +4. (a) Dorsolateral stripes absent ..........................................................................................................................5 + +(b) Dorsolateral stripes present.........................................................................................................................7 - - -5. (a) Parietal eye spot present ..............................................................................................................................6 - - + + +5. (a) Parietal eye spot present ..............................................................................................................................6 + + (b) Parietal eye spot absent.................................................................... - -O. viridis + +O. viridis — green smooth-eared skink @@ -159,21 +159,21 @@ green smooth-eared skink - - - + + + 6. (a) Dark vertebral stripe absent from dorsum.......................... - -O. albodorsalis + +O. albodorsalis — white-backed slender skink - - + + (b) Dark vertebral stripe present on dorsum ............................... - -O. nototaenia + +O. nototaenia — Setekwa slender tree skink @@ -181,52 +181,49 @@ Setekwa slender tree skink - - -7. (a) Thick dorsolateral stripes (> 1 scale wide) ..................................................................................................8 - -(b) Thin dorsolateral stripes (1 scale wide) .......................................................................................................9 + + +7. (a) Thick dorsolateral stripes (> 1 scale wide) ..................................................................................................8 + +(b) Thin dorsolateral stripes (1 scale wide) .......................................................................................................9 - - - + + + 8. (a) Mid-dorsal field dark olive grey spotted with brown; midbody scale rows <30.......................................... ............................................................................................. - -O. venemai + +O. venemai — Brongersma’s slender tree skink - - + + (b) Mid-dorsal field uniform light brown; midbody scale rows> 30 .................................................................. ...................................................................................................... - -O. inornatus + +O. inornatus — plain smooth-eared skink - - - + + + 9. (a) Parallel fragmented white vertical stripes on flank; venter blue (lime green in life) ......................... ........................................................................... - -O. pterophilus + +O. pterophilus — Mount -Victoria -smooth-eared skink - - -(b) Scattered white specks on flank; venter pearl white (lemon yellow or white in life).................................. .......................................................................................... - -O. sabini +Victoria +smooth-eared skink (b) Scattered white specks on flank; venter pearl white (lemon yellow or white in life).................................. .......................................................................................... + +O. sabini — Mount Simpson smooth-eared skink diff --git a/data/03/EF/4E/03EF4E777C22CA4FFDC0FF6E251DFC96.xml b/data/03/EF/4E/03EF4E777C22CA4FFDC0FF6E251DFC96.xml index 11d6fcfe38d..0c98f897b98 100644 --- a/data/03/EF/4E/03EF4E777C22CA4FFDC0FF6E251DFC96.xml +++ b/data/03/EF/4E/03EF4E777C22CA4FFDC0FF6E251DFC96.xml @@ -1,119 +1,119 @@ - - - -Revision of the montane New Guinean skink genus Lobulia (Squamata: Scincidae), with the description of four new genera and nine new species + + + +Revision of the montane New Guinean skink genus Lobulia (Squamata: Scincidae), with the description of four new genera and nine new species - - -Author + + +Author -Slavenko, Alex +Slavenko, Alex - - -Author + + +Author -Tamar, Karin +Tamar, Karin - - -Author + + +Author -Tallowin, Oliver J S +Tallowin, Oliver J S - - -Author + + +Author -Kraus, Fred +Kraus, Fred - - -Author + + +Author -Allison, Allen +Allison, Allen - - -Author + + +Author -Carranza, Salvador +Carranza, Salvador - - -Author + + +Author -Meiri, Shai +Meiri, Shai -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - -2022 - -2022-05-01 + +2022 + +2022-05-01 - -195 + +195 - -1 + +1 - -220 -278 + +220 +278 - -https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/195/1/220/6365875 + +https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/195/1/220/6365875 -journal article -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab052 -0024-4082 -6530695 +journal article +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab052 +0024-4082 +6530695 - - - - + + + + KEY TO SPECIES IN - -LOBULIA + +LOBULIA - - - - - + + + + + 1. (a) Frontoparietals fused....................................................................................................................................2 -(b) Frontoparietals unfused ...............................................................................................................................3 +(b) Frontoparietals unfused ...............................................................................................................................3 - - - + + + 2. (a) Midbody scale rows 30–34; nuchal region with dark brown patch; large dark brown dorsal patches ....... ........................................................................................................... - -Lo. marmorata + +Lo. marmorata — marbled moss skink - - + + (b) Midbody scale rows 27–32; nuchal region lacking dark brown patch; moderate-sized dark brown dorsal - + patches.................................................................................... - -Lo. brongersmai + +Lo. brongersmai — Brongersma’s moss skink @@ -121,64 +121,64 @@ Brongersma’s moss skink - - - + + + 3. (a) Pale dorsolateral stripes present .................................................................................................................4 -(b) Pale dorsolateral stripes absent...................................................................................................................6 +(b) Pale dorsolateral stripes absent...................................................................................................................6 - - -4. (a) Paravertebrals <69; two mid-dorsal rows of large dark brown spots running the length of the dorsum, some joining to form two mid-dorsal stripes ...............................................................................................5 + + +4. (a) Paravertebrals <69; two mid-dorsal rows of large dark brown spots running the length of the dorsum, some joining to form two mid-dorsal stripes ...............................................................................................5 - - + + (b) Paravertebrals> 68; small dark brown spots on dorsum irregularly placed, not formed into rows .......... ............................................................................................................ - -Lo. vogelkopensis + +Lo. vogelkopensis — Vogelkop moss skink - - - + + + 5. (a) Paravertebrals 54–61; large dark brown spots arrayed in two parallel rows, joining posteriorly to form two parallel stripes ....................................................................... - -Lo. lobulus + +Lo. lobulus — Central Range moss skink - - + + (b) Paravertebrals 59–68; moderate to large dark brown spots arrayed in two parallel rows, not joining to form stripes................................................................................... - -Lo. huonensis + +Lo. huonensis — Huon moss skink - - - + + + 6. (a) Midbody scale rows 30–32; nuchals 3 pairs............................................. - -Lo. elegans + +Lo. elegans — elegant moss skink - + (b) Midbody scale rows 34–37; nuchals 1–2 pairs.................................. - -Lo. fortis + +Lo. fortis — Mount Strong moss skink diff --git a/data/03/EF/4E/03EF4E777C22CA4FFDF8FC36251DFBF7.xml b/data/03/EF/4E/03EF4E777C22CA4FFDF8FC36251DFBF7.xml index 18aa84f130d..88116500e28 100644 --- a/data/03/EF/4E/03EF4E777C22CA4FFDF8FC36251DFBF7.xml +++ b/data/03/EF/4E/03EF4E777C22CA4FFDF8FC36251DFBF7.xml @@ -1,116 +1,116 @@ - - - -Revision of the montane New Guinean skink genus Lobulia (Squamata: Scincidae), with the description of four new genera and nine new species + + + +Revision of the montane New Guinean skink genus Lobulia (Squamata: Scincidae), with the description of four new genera and nine new species - - -Author + + +Author -Slavenko, Alex +Slavenko, Alex - - -Author + + +Author -Tamar, Karin +Tamar, Karin - - -Author + + +Author -Tallowin, Oliver J S +Tallowin, Oliver J S - - -Author + + +Author -Kraus, Fred +Kraus, Fred - - -Author + + +Author -Allison, Allen +Allison, Allen - - -Author + + +Author -Carranza, Salvador +Carranza, Salvador - - -Author + + +Author -Meiri, Shai +Meiri, Shai -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - -2022 - -2022-05-01 + +2022 + +2022-05-01 - -195 + +195 - -1 + +1 - -220 -278 + +220 +278 - -https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/195/1/220/6365875 + +https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/195/1/220/6365875 -journal article -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab052 -0024-4082 -6530695 +journal article +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab052 +0024-4082 +6530695 - - - - + + + + KEY TO SPECIES IN - -NUBEOSCINCUS + +NUBEOSCINCUS - - + + (ADAPTED FROM GREER -ET AL +ET AL ., 2005) - - - - - + + + + + 1. (a) Anterior edge of ear opening with lobules; window on lower eyelid large and semi-transparent; presuboculars modally two ........................................................................ - -N. glacialis + +N. glacialis — glacial cloud skink - - + + (b) Anterior edge of ear opening without lobules; window on lower eyelid variable in size, opacity and scaliness; presuboculars modally one......................................... - -N. stellaris + +N. stellaris — Star Mountains cloud skink diff --git a/data/03/EF/4E/03EF4E777C23CA4EFD1FFC4125EDFA50.xml b/data/03/EF/4E/03EF4E777C23CA4EFD1FFC4125EDFA50.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..35935075a52 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/EF/4E/03EF4E777C23CA4EFD1FFC4125EDFA50.xml @@ -0,0 +1,172 @@ + + + +Revision of the montane New Guinean skink genus Lobulia (Squamata: Scincidae), with the description of four new genera and nine new species + + + +Author + +Slavenko, Alex + + + +Author + +Tamar, Karin + + + +Author + +Tallowin, Oliver J S + + + +Author + +Kraus, Fred + + + +Author + +Allison, Allen + + + +Author + +Carranza, Salvador + + + +Author + +Meiri, Shai + +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society + + +2022 + +2022-05-01 + + +195 + + +1 + + +220 +278 + + + + +https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/195/1/220/6365875 + +journal article +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab052 +0024-4082 +6530695 + + + + +KEY TO THE +GENERA + + + + + + + +1. (a) One pair of chin scales in medial contact ....................................................................................................2 +(b) Two or more pairs of chin scales in medial contact.....................................................................................4 + + + + + + +2. (a) Lobules present on anterior edge of ear opening ........................................................................................ 3 + +(b) Lobules absent from anterior edge of ear opening ........................................................... + +Ornithuroscincus + + + + + + + + +3. (a) Nasal scale with horizontal suture extending posteriorly from nostril ................................ + +Papuascincus + + +(b) Nasal scale lacking horizontal suture................................................................................................. + +Palaia + + + + + + + +4. (a) Chin shields separated from infralabials by a row of genials; temporal region with 4 or more temporals .............................................................................................................................................................................5 + + + +(b) Chin shields abut infralabials; temporal region with standard pattern of only 1 anterior and 2 posterior temporals............................................................................................................................................ + +Lobulia + + + + + + + +5. (a) Two supralabials posterior to subocular supralabial..................................................................................6 + +(b) Three supralabials posterior to subocular supralabial .......................................................... + +Alpinoscincus + + + + + + + + +6. (a) Green blood serum and tissues; prehensile tail with glandular tip; greatly expanded basal subdigital lamellae (over twice width of distal lamellae)....................................................................... + +Prasinohaema + + + + + +(b) Pale brown blood serum and pink tissues; tail not prehensile, lacking a glandular tip; basal subdigital + +lamellae less than twice width of distal lamellae .................................................................. +Nubeoscincus + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/EF/4E/03EF4E777C23CA4EFDE7F93025EAF8E1.xml b/data/03/EF/4E/03EF4E777C23CA4EFDE7F93025EAF8E1.xml index e37e477cbfa..65d3fc22189 100644 --- a/data/03/EF/4E/03EF4E777C23CA4EFDE7F93025EAF8E1.xml +++ b/data/03/EF/4E/03EF4E777C23CA4EFDE7F93025EAF8E1.xml @@ -1,116 +1,116 @@ - - - -Revision of the montane New Guinean skink genus Lobulia (Squamata: Scincidae), with the description of four new genera and nine new species + + + +Revision of the montane New Guinean skink genus Lobulia (Squamata: Scincidae), with the description of four new genera and nine new species - - -Author + + +Author -Slavenko, Alex +Slavenko, Alex - - -Author + + +Author -Tamar, Karin +Tamar, Karin - - -Author + + +Author -Tallowin, Oliver J S +Tallowin, Oliver J S - - -Author + + +Author -Kraus, Fred +Kraus, Fred - - -Author + + +Author -Allison, Allen +Allison, Allen - - -Author + + +Author -Carranza, Salvador +Carranza, Salvador - - -Author + + +Author -Meiri, Shai +Meiri, Shai -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - -2022 - -2022-05-01 + +2022 + +2022-05-01 - -195 + +195 - -1 + +1 - -220 -278 + +220 +278 - -https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/195/1/220/6365875 + +https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/195/1/220/6365875 -journal article -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab052 -0024-4082 -6530695 +journal article +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab052 +0024-4082 +6530695 - - - - + + + + KEY TO SPECIES IN - -ALPINOSCINCUS + +ALPINOSCINCUS - - + + (ADAPTED FROM GREER -ET AL +ET AL ., 2005) - - - - - + + + + + 1. (a) Subdigital lamellae 15–23; chin and throat similar in colour to rest of venter; presuboculars modally one; supralabials modally nine.................................................................. - -A. subalpinus + +A. subalpinus — subalpine skink - - + + (b) Subdigital lamellae 12–19; chin and throat abruptly darker than rest of venter; presuboculars modally two; supralabials modally eight ........................................................................... - -A. alpinus + +A. alpinus — alpine skink diff --git a/data/03/EF/4E/03EF4E777C30CA52FF46FE64255CFD2D.xml b/data/03/EF/4E/03EF4E777C30CA52FF46FE64255CFD2D.xml index 36c0e2ccfaf..6f389f8087a 100644 --- a/data/03/EF/4E/03EF4E777C30CA52FF46FE64255CFD2D.xml +++ b/data/03/EF/4E/03EF4E777C30CA52FF46FE64255CFD2D.xml @@ -1,340 +1,340 @@ - - - -Revision of the montane New Guinean skink genus Lobulia (Squamata: Scincidae), with the description of four new genera and nine new species + + + +Revision of the montane New Guinean skink genus Lobulia (Squamata: Scincidae), with the description of four new genera and nine new species - - -Author + + +Author -Slavenko, Alex +Slavenko, Alex - - -Author + + +Author -Tamar, Karin +Tamar, Karin - - -Author + + +Author -Tallowin, Oliver J S +Tallowin, Oliver J S - - -Author + + +Author -Kraus, Fred +Kraus, Fred - - -Author + + +Author -Allison, Allen +Allison, Allen - - -Author + + +Author -Carranza, Salvador +Carranza, Salvador - - -Author + + +Author -Meiri, Shai +Meiri, Shai -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - -2022 - -2022-05-01 + +2022 + +2022-05-01 - -195 + +195 - -1 + +1 - -220 -278 + +220 +278 - -https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/195/1/220/6365875 + +https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/195/1/220/6365875 -journal article -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab052 -0024-4082 -6530695 +journal article +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab052 +0024-4082 +6530695 - - - - -LOBULIA VOGELKOPENSIS - -SP. NOV. + + + + +LOBULIA VOGELKOPENSIS + +SP. NOV. -VOGELKOP MOSS SKINK +VOGELKOP MOSS SKINK - - + + ( -FIG. 15 +FIG. 15 ; -TABLE 1 +TABLE 1 ) - -Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: + +Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org:act: -DEBCBB9C-06A3-4E33-B425-C4885ABA72BA +DEBCBB9C-06A3-4E33-B425-C4885ABA72BA - - - -Holotype + + + +Holotype : BPBM 6917 (field tag MCT 3820), adult male, collected by -M.C. Thompson -at -Kampong Sururae +M.C. Thompson +at Kampong Sururae, +Lake Anggi Giji , -Lake Anggi Giji +1.36°S , -1.36°S -, -133.856°E +133.856°E (WGS 84), (“ - -6200 ft + +6200 ft ”=) - -1890 m + +1890 m a.s.l. , -Arfak Mts +Arfak Mts , -West Papua Province +West Papua Province , -Indonesia +Indonesia , - -8 March 1963 + +8 March 1963 . - - - -Paratypes + + + +Paratypes (N = 2): -Indonesia +Indonesia : -West Papua Province +West Papua Province : -Arfak Mts -: same locality as holotype (BPBM 6919–20; -one male +Arfak Mts +: same locality as holotype ( +BPBM +6919–20; +one male , -one female +one female ) . - -Diagnosis: + +Diagnosis: A medium-sized species of - -Lobulia + +Lobulia (adult SVL 56.0– -58.3 mm +58.3 mm ), characterized by the unique combination of frontoparietals unfused; supraorbital ridges not pronounced; posteriormost supralabial fragmented by horizontal suture; nuchals single pair; paravertebral scales 69–77; mid-body scale rows 34–36; 4 -th +th digit on front foot no longer than 3 -rd +rd ; subdigital lamellae 19–23 under 4 -th +th toe; single supradigital scales 3–4 on 4 -th +th toe; mid-dorsum irregularly spotted with small to medium-sized dark brown spots continuing onto tail; light brown dorsolateral stripes present, either fragmented or continuous, framed medially by dark brown spots; flanks dark brown flecked with small white spots; unfragmented light brown lateral stripes present; in preservative, uniform light brown coloration on abdomen, thighs, precloacal region, tail and chin that lacks brown spotting; palmar and plantar surfaces light brown. - - + + Comparisons: -Lobulia vogelkopensis +Lobulia vogelkopensis differs from - -Lo. brongersmai + +Lo. brongersmai and - -Lo. marmorata + +Lo. marmorata in having unfused (vs. fused) frontoparietals. It differs from all other species of - -Lobulia + +Lobulia in having a higher count of paravertebral scales (69–77 vs. -46–68 in +46–68 in all others) and irregularly placed small dark brown spots on the dorsum (vs. one or two mid-dorsal rows of large dark brown spots). - -Lobulia vogelkopensis + +Lobulia vogelkopensis further differs from - -Lo. elegans + +Lo. elegans and - -Lo. fortis + +Lo. fortis in having light brown lateral stripes (vs. absent). - - + + Description of the -holotype +holotype : Rostral broad and shallow, wider than deep, projecting slightly onto top of snout; nasals more or less rectangular, separated by rostral and frontonasal contact, projecting anterodorsally onto dorsum of snout; nostril circular, centred within nasal; frontonasal large, with seven sides, extending laterally to slightly above the level of nares, separated from frontal by prefrontal contact; prefrontals large, in narrow medial contact, bordered ventrolaterally by two loreals; supraoculars four, anterior three in contact with frontal, posterior two in contact with frontoparietals; frontal kite shaped, widest anteriorly; frontoparietals single pair in medial contact, in narrow contact with frontal; interparietal of roughly similar area to single frontoparietal, kite shaped, widest anteriorly; parietal eye spot absent; parietals in contact behind interparietal, in contact anteriorly with frontoparietals, posteriormost supraocular and two pretemporals; nuchals single pair, transversely enlarged, wider than long, separated from secondary temporal by a single intercalated scale. Anterior loreal smaller than posterior loreal, higher than long; posterior loreal longer than high; lower preocular roughly square in shape; upper preocular much smaller, longer than high; presuboculars two; postsuboculars three, lowest interdigitated between subocular supralabial and penultimate supralabial; lower eyelid scaly, moveable, with a clear palpebral disc considerably smaller than size of ear opening; supraciliaries nine, anteriormost not in contact with frontal, posteriormost projecting medially and interdigitated between posteriormost supraocular and upper pretemporal; primary temporals two, lower interdigitated between sixth and seventh supralabials; secondary temporals two, upper larger and overlapping lower; supralabials seven, fifth in contact with small scales of lower eyelid, posteriormost fragmented by horizontal suture; postsupralabials two; ear opening moderately large and oval shaped, with lobules along anterior margin. Mental single; postmental single, contacting two anteriormost infralabials; infralabials eight; enlarged chin shields four pairs, the first two pairs in medial contact, third pair narrowly separated by single medial scale, fourth pair separated by three medial scales; posteriormost chin shield in contact with antepenultimate infralabial. Body scales smooth, in 34 rows at midbody; paravertebral scales 77; medial precloacal scales enlarged, overlapping lateral precloacals. Scales on dorsal surface of 4th toe in two paired rows proximally, single row distally beginning at third interphalangeal joint, three single scales; subdigital lamellae under 4th toe 23, smooth. In preservative ( -Fig. 15 +Fig. 15 ), base dorsal coloration coppery brown, with many irregularly placed dark brown spots no more than a single scale long or wide, continuing along dorsum and tail; light brown unfragmented dorsolateral stripes present, framed medially by row of dark brown spots one to two scales long; lateral field dark brown, speckled with light brown spots a single scale wide; light brown unfragmented lateral stripe present, extending from ear opening to hindlimbs; head similar in coloration to dorsum; dark brown spotting present on head scales; ventral, palmar and plantar surfaces uniform light brown. - -Variation: + +Variation: Adult body size 56.0– -58.3 mm +58.3 mm SVL (mean = 57.4, SD = 1.2, -N = +N = 3). Single female ( -58.3 mm +58.3 mm ) larger than both males (56.0– -57.8 mm +57.8 mm ). Forelimbs 35.7– 41.3% of SVL (mean = 37.7%, SD = 3.2, -N = +N = 3). Hindlimbs 41.6–47.8% of SVL (mean = 45.0%, SD = 3.1, -N = +N = 3). Scale rows at midbody 34–35 (mean = 35, SD = 1, -N = +N = 3); paravertebral scales 69–77 (mean = 72.7, SD = 4, -N = +N = 3). Lamellae under 4th toe 19–23 (mean = 21, SD = 2, -N = +N = 3); single supradigital scales on 4th toe 3–4 (mean = 3.3, SD = 0.6, -N = +N = 3). BPBM 6920 has nuchals as wide as long; primary nuchals separated from secondary temporals by two smaller intercalated scale on left side and one on right. Supraciliaries eight with anteriormost in narrow contact with frontal in BPBM 6920, nine with anteriormost not in contact with frontal in BPBM 6917 and 6919. Presubocular single in BPBM 6920, two in BPBM 6917 and 6919. Primary temporal single in BPBM 6919 and 6920, two in BPBM 6917. Supralabials seven in BPBM 6917 and 6920, eight in BPBM 6919. Infralabials seven in BPBM 6920, eight in BPBM 6917 and 6919. Infralabials posterior to contact with chin shields, one in BPBM 6920, two in BPBM 6917 and 6919. Colour pattern generally similar to -holotype +holotype , but size of dark brown spots varies between individuals, and BPBM 6920 has fragmented dorsolateral stripes. - -Etymology: + +Etymology: Suffixed form of Vogelkop with the Latin -–ensis +–ensis , denoting place, in reference to the Vogelkop, Dutch for ‘Bird’s Head Peninsula’, -West Papua +West Papua , in reference to where the -type +type series was collected. - -Distribution: + +Distribution: Known only from the -type +type locality in the Arfak Mountains of -West Papua Province +West Papua Province , -Indonesia +Indonesia . - -Remarks: + +Remarks: Genetic data for - -Lo. vogelkopensis + +Lo. vogelkopensis are not available. Furthermore, it is only known from the Arfak Mts, almost -1000 km +1000 km west of the other currently described species of - -Lobulia + +Lobulia , although this gap in distribution likely represents a lack of sampling in Indonesian New -Guinea +Guinea rather than an actual absence. Therefore, the exact phylogenetic relationship of this species to other species of - -Lobulia + +Lobulia is uncertain. However, based on its scalation (unfused frontoparietals) and general coloration, - -Lo. vogelkopensis + +Lo. vogelkopensis is likely more closely related to - -Lo. elegans + +Lo. elegans and its related species rather than to - -Lo. brongersmai + +Lo. brongersmai and - -Lo. marmorata + +Lo. marmorata , and the presence of light coloured lateral stripes suggests an affinity to - -Lo. huonensis + +Lo. huonensis and - -Lo. lobulus + +Lo. lobulus . - -Reproduction: + +Reproduction: Viviparous. Only a single gravid female was collected, with a litter size of two, but litter size is presumably variable in this species, as in other members of the genus. - -Conservation status: + +Conservation status: Population size and trend unknown. The -three specimens +three specimens are only known from a single location, with an area of occupancy of a single -4 km -2 +4 km +2 cell. The -type +type locality is roughly -13 km +13 km from a protected area, the -Pegunungan Arfak Nature Reserve +Pegunungan Arfak Nature Reserve . No records of the species exist later than the 1960s, and -Indonesian New -Guinea +Indonesian New +Guinea is poorly sampled. -Therefore +Therefore , an assessment of this species will require more information than is currently available, and we recommend assigning a status of -Data Deficient +Data Deficient to - -Lo. vogelkopensis + +Lo. vogelkopensis . diff --git a/data/03/EF/4E/03EF4E777C32CA5DFEBEFF7021AFFE37.xml b/data/03/EF/4E/03EF4E777C32CA5DFEBEFF7021AFFE37.xml index 1946b351b88..6f3c9d81406 100644 --- a/data/03/EF/4E/03EF4E777C32CA5DFEBEFF7021AFFE37.xml +++ b/data/03/EF/4E/03EF4E777C32CA5DFEBEFF7021AFFE37.xml @@ -1,483 +1,483 @@ - - - -Revision of the montane New Guinean skink genus Lobulia (Squamata: Scincidae), with the description of four new genera and nine new species + + + +Revision of the montane New Guinean skink genus Lobulia (Squamata: Scincidae), with the description of four new genera and nine new species - - -Author + + +Author -Slavenko, Alex +Slavenko, Alex - - -Author + + +Author -Tamar, Karin +Tamar, Karin - - -Author + + +Author -Tallowin, Oliver J S +Tallowin, Oliver J S - - -Author + + +Author -Kraus, Fred +Kraus, Fred - - -Author + + +Author -Allison, Allen +Allison, Allen - - -Author + + +Author -Carranza, Salvador +Carranza, Salvador - - -Author + + +Author -Meiri, Shai +Meiri, Shai -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - -2022 - -2022-05-01 + +2022 + +2022-05-01 - -195 + +195 - -1 + +1 - -220 -278 + +220 +278 - -https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/195/1/220/6365875 + +https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/195/1/220/6365875 -journal article -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab052 -0024-4082 -6530695 +journal article +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab052 +0024-4082 +6530695 - - - - -LOBULIA MARMORATA - -SP. NOV. + + + + +LOBULIA MARMORATA + +SP. NOV. -MARBLED MOSS SKINK +MARBLED MOSS SKINK - - + + ( -FIGS 6 +FIGS 6 , -13–14 +13–14 ; -TABLE 1 +TABLE 1 ) - -Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: + +Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n:l s i d: z o o b a n k. org:act: -1E3599CA-0E98-43C5-9BD8-7F977A3E6C65 +1E3599CA-0E98-43C5-9BD8-7F977A3E6C65 - - - -Holotype + + + +Holotype : BPBM 34150 (field tag FK 12731), adult male, collected by -F. Kraus +F. Kraus at -5.639°S +5.639°S , -142.625°E +142.625°E (WGS 84), - -1900 m + +1900 m a.s.l. , -Muller Range +Muller Range , -Hela Province +Hela Province , -Papua New Guinea +Papua New Guinea , - -23 March 2009 + +23 March 2009 . - - - -Paratypes + + + +Paratypes (N = 32): -Papua New Guinea +Papua New Guinea : -Hela Province +Hela Province : -Muller Range +Muller Range : same locality as holotype (BPBM 34151– 55, 34157; -two males +two males , -two females +two females , -two juveniles +two juveniles ) ; -5.652°S +5.652°S , -142.634°E +142.634°E (WGS 84), -1800 m +1800 m a.s.l. (BPBM 34156, 34162–23; -two males +two males , -one female +one female ); - + “ -Mt Yakapi +Mt Yakapi ”, -5.666°S +5.666°S , -142.643°E +142.643°E (WGS 84), - -1966 m + +1966 m a.s.l. (BPBM 34158–60; -two males +two males , -one female +one female ) ; - + “ -Point +Point 17 = -Dickson’s Village +Dickson’s Village ”, -5.64°S +5.64°S , -142.628°E +142.628°E (WGS 84), - -1859 m + +1859 m a.s.l. (BPBM 34164–5, 34169–70, PNGNM 25284; -two males +two males , -one female +one female , -two juveniles +two juveniles ) ; - + “ -Kunida +Kunida ”, -5.6431°S +5.6431°S , -142.634°E +142.634°E (WGS 84), - -1910 m + +1910 m a.s.l. (BPBM 34166–8; -one male +one male , -two females +two females ) ; - + “ -Dickson’s House +Dickson’s House ”, -5.6454°S +5.6454°S , -142.639°E +142.639°E (WGS 84), - -1777 m + +1777 m a.s.l. (BPBM 34171–73, 34177, PNGNM 25281–83; -four males +four males , -three females +three females ) ; -5.652°S +5.652°S , -142.643°E +142.643°E (WGS 84), -1860 m +1860 m a.s.l. (BPBM 34174–76; -one male +one male , -two females +two females ); -5.639°S +5.639°S , -142.625°E +142.625°E (WGS 84), -1900 m +1900 m a.s.l. (BPBM 34178; male); - + “ -Top House +Top House ”, -5.6591°S +5.6591°S , -142.635°E +142.635°E (WGS 84), - -1910 m + +1910 m a.s.l. (PNGNM 25285; male) . - -Diagnosis: + +Diagnosis: A medium-sized species of - -Lobulia + +Lobulia (adult SVL -41.9–56.9 mm +41.9–56.9 mm ), characterized by the unique combination of frontoparietals fused; supraorbital ridges typically pronounced; nuchals 2–4 pairs; paravertebral scales 46–56; mid-body scale rows 30–34; 4 -th +th digit on front foot longer than 3 -rd +rd ; subdigital lamellae 20–25 under 4 -th +th toe; single supradigital scales 3–4 on 4 -th +th toe; mid-dorsum with two rows of large dark brown spots converging to a single row roughly around midbody; top of tail with two rows of dark brown spots joining ventrally with dark lateral stripes along the tail length; light blue or white dorsolateral stripes absent; flanks dark brown spotted with grey; light blue or white lateral stripes absent; uniform coloration on abdomen and base of tail, lemon yellow in life, light blue in preservative; thighs and precloacal region without brown spotting; tail and chin uniform light blue speckled with brown spots; palmar and plantar surfaces dark yellow in life, light brown in preservative. - - + + Comparisons: -Lobulia marmorata +Lobulia marmorata differs from - -Lo. elegans + +Lo. elegans , - -Lo. lobulus + +Lo. lobulus and - -Lo. huonensis + +Lo. huonensis in having fused vs. unfused frontoparietals. - -Lobulia marmorata + +Lobulia marmorata is most similar in scalation and coloration to - -Lo. brongersmai + +Lo. brongersmai , but differs from it in having a higher average count of midbody scale rows [31.5 (30–34) vs. 29 (27–32)], a dark blotch on the nuchal region, posterior to the parietals, and a generally darker coloration due to larger size of the dark brown dorsal spots relative to the base grey coloration. - - + + Description of the -holotype +holotype : Rostral broad and shallow, wider than deep, projecting slightly onto top of snout; nasals more or less rectangular, separated by rostral and frontonasal contact, projecting anterodorsally onto dorsum of snout; nostril circular, centred within nasal; frontonasal large, with eight sides, extending laterally to slightly above the level of nares, in broad contact with frontal; prefrontals large, separated by frontonasal and frontal contact, bordered ventrolaterally by two loreals; supraoculars four, anterior two in contact with frontal, posterior three in contact with frontoparietal; frontal kite shaped, widest anteriorly; frontoparietal single, anteriorly in contact with frontal, posteriorly with interparietal and parietals; interparietal smaller than fused frontoparietal, kite shaped, widest anteriorly; parietal eye spot absent; parietals in contact behind interparietal, in contact anteriorly with frontoparietal, posteriormost supraocular and two pretemporals; nuchals two pairs, transversely enlarged, wider than long, separated from secondary temporal by a single intercalated scale, with a third nuchal on the right side. Anterior loreal slightly smaller than posterior loreal, roughly as long as high; posterior loreal longer than high; lower preocular roughly square in shape; upper preocular much smaller, longer than high; presubocular single; postsuboculars three, lowest interdigitated between subocular supralabial and penultimate supralabial; lower eyelid scaly, moveable, with a clear palpebral disc roughly the size of ear opening; supraciliaries nine, anteriormost in narrow contact with frontal, posteriormost projecting medially and interdigitated between posteriormost supraocular and upper pretemporal; primary temporal single, ventrally contacting posteriormost supralabial; secondary temporals two, upper larger and overlapping lower; supralabials seven, fifth in contact with small scales of lower eyelid; postsupralabials two; ear opening moderately large, with lobules along anterior margin. Mental single; postmental single, contacting two anteriormost infralabials; infralabials seven; enlarged chin shields four pairs, the first two pairs in medial contact, third pair narrowly separated by a single medial scale, fourth pair separated by three medial scales; posteriormost chin shield in contact with penultimate infralabial. Body scales smooth, in 31 rows at midbody; paravertebral scales 50; medial precloacal scales enlarged, overlapping lateral precloacals. Scales on dorsal surface of 4th toe in two rows proximally, single row distally beginning at third interphalangeal joint, three single scales; subdigital lamellae under 4th toe 20, smooth. In preservative ( -Fig. 13 +Fig. 13 ), base dorsal coloration grey-brown, with two mid-dorsal parallel rows of large dark brown spots two to four scales long, converging posterior to forelimbs to form a single continuous mid-dorsal dark stripe with transverse lateral projections, extending to base of tail; on dorsal surface of tail, two parallel rows of dark brown blotches extending medially from dark brown lateral stripes; light blue or white dorsolateral stripes absent, but parallel dorsolateral rows of dark brown blotches present, extending laterally to lateral fields; lateral field dark brown, speckled with grey spots; light blue or white lateral stripe absent; head similar in coloration to dorsum; dark brown spotting on head scales, mostly along scale margins, with large dark spot in centre of frontal; large dark blotch in nuchal region formed by dark coloration on the posterior margins of parietals and medial margins of nuchals; ventral surfaces uniform light blue; brown dusting present on chin; scales on palmar and plantar surfaces light brown, contrasting with dark brown digits. In life ( -Figs 6 +Figs 6 , -14 +14 ), dorsum greyish with black mid-dorsal spots; lateral field brown with white spotting; chin white; chest, abdomen, thighs, precloacal region and base of tail lemon yellow, with tail becoming white posteriorly; scales on palmar and plantar surfaces dark yellow. - -Variation: + +Variation: Adult body size -41.9–56.9 mm +41.9–56.9 mm SVL (mean = 48.1, SD = 3.8, -N = +N = 29). Females (mean = 50.5, range: 42–56.9, SD = 4.0, -N = +N = 12) larger than males (mean = 46.4, range: 41.9–50.5, SD = 2.6, -N = +N = 17; -t +t = 3.4, -P +P <0.01). Forelimbs 36.8–47.0% of SVL (mean = 42.4%, SD = 2.5, -N = +N = 29). Hindlimbs 44.1– 53.4% of SVL (mean = 47.5%, SD = 2.8, -N = +N = 29). Scale rows at midbody 30–34 (mean = 31.5, SD = 0.9, -N = +N = 33); paravertebral scales 46–56 (mean = 51.2, SD = 2.2, -N = +N = 33). Lamellae under 4th toe 20–25 (mean = 22.5, SD = 1.2, -N = +N = 32); single supradigital scales on 4th toe 3–4 (mean = 3.2, SD = 0.4, -N = +N = 32). Mostly 2–4 pairs of nuchals, but BPBM 34150–51, 34155–56, 34166, 34169–71, 34173, 34178 and PNGNM 25281 have an asymmetrical number of nuchals, with one more nuchal either on left side ( -N +N = 6) or on right side ( -N +N = 5). Primary nuchals usually separated from secondary temporals by single smaller intercalated scale ( -N +N = 27), rarely by none on left side and one on right ( -N +N = 1), one on left side and two on right ( -N +N = 1), two on left side and one on right ( -N +N = 3) or two on both sides ( -N +N = 1). Supraorbital ridges usually pronounced ( -N +N = 25), but occasionally not ( -N +N = 8). Frontonasal usually as wide as long ( -N +N = 25), occasionally longer than wide ( -N +N = 8). Frontonasal fragmented in PNGNM 25285. Interparietal fused with frontoparietal in BPBM 34151 and 34153. Loreals typically two ( -N +N = 29), rarely three ( -N +N = 4). Supraciliaries either eight ( -N +N = 15) or nine ( -N +N = 18). Anteriormost supraciliary usually not in contact with frontal ( -N +N = 22), sometimes in narrow contact ( -N +N = 11). Postsuboculars rarely two ( -N +N = 2), typically three ( -N +N = 24), occasionally four ( -N +N = 7). Supralabials rarely six ( -N +N = 1), typically seven ( -N +N = 20), occasionally eight ( -N +N = 12). Infralabials typically seven ( -N +N = 25), occasionally eight ( -N +N = 8). Mental split medially in BPBM 34160. Chin shields typically four on both sides ( -N +N = 31), rarely five on right side ( -N +N = 2). Infralabials posterior to contact with chin shields occasionally zero ( -N +N = 7), usually one ( -N +N = 24), rarely two ( -N +N = 2). - + Colour pattern of all specimens generally similar to -holotype +holotype , with a few exceptions. Size of mid-dorsal dark brown spots, and location at which two anterior rows converge to form single posterior row vary between individuals. In some individuals, dark blotches form a continuous thick stripe posterior to convergence; in others form a row of dark blotches. BPBM 34174 has continuous, unfrgamented lateral stripes. Degree of brown speckling on chin varies from almost no brown spots (BPBM 34156) to chin shields being almost uniformly brown (BPBM 34152). - -Colour in life: + +Colour in life: Notes for the -holotype +holotype (BPBM 34150) stated “Dorsum tan with irregular black zigzags vertebrally and dorsolaterally, tan scales margined in black. Face black. Chest, belly, and under rear legs deep orange-yellow; chin and throat white with black spots. Mouth lining and tongue blue-black.” -Paratypes +Paratypes BPBM 34152 and BPBM 34155 had the venter entirely white. - -Etymology: + +Etymology: Feminine Latin adjective meaning “marbled”, in reference to the marbled grey and dark brown dorsal coloration of the species. - -Distribution: + +Distribution: Known only from -1777–1966 m +1777–1966 m a.s.l. on the north-eastern slopes of the Muller Range, -Hela Province +Hela Province , where it occurs in sympatry with another, currently undescribed, species of - -Lobulia + +Lobulia (BPBM 34161) having unfused frontoparietals. - -Natural history: + +Natural history: This species was locally common in the village areas and surrounding cleared areas; it was never observed in forested situations. - -Reproduction: + +Reproduction: Viviparous. Litter size varies between 2–3 (mean 2.4, -N = +N = 9). - -Conservation status: + +Conservation status: The species is locally abundant in the areas where collected although the population trend is unknown. Based on the available samples, - -Lo. marmorata + +Lo. marmorata has an extent of occurrence of -2.5 km -2 +2.5 km +2 and an area of occupancy of -16 km -2 +16 km +2 (based on occupation of -4 km -2 +4 km +2 cells; both calculated using http://geocat.kew.org/). However, it is likely distributed in other localities of suitable habitat in the Muller Range. It does not occur near any protected areas. Further research is needed to discern its true distributional boundaries, potential threats and demographic trends for a proper assessment. We recommend assigning a status of Data Deficient to - -Lo. marmorata + +Lo. marmorata . diff --git a/data/03/EF/4E/03EF4E777C35CA5EFE94FB3A239BF8F2.xml b/data/03/EF/4E/03EF4E777C35CA5EFE94FB3A239BF8F2.xml index 9f65c6acd33..2cc0bf3eaeb 100644 --- a/data/03/EF/4E/03EF4E777C35CA5EFE94FB3A239BF8F2.xml +++ b/data/03/EF/4E/03EF4E777C35CA5EFE94FB3A239BF8F2.xml @@ -1,721 +1,732 @@ - - - -Revision of the montane New Guinean skink genus Lobulia (Squamata: Scincidae), with the description of four new genera and nine new species + + + +Revision of the montane New Guinean skink genus Lobulia (Squamata: Scincidae), with the description of four new genera and nine new species - - -Author + + +Author -Slavenko, Alex +Slavenko, Alex - - -Author + + +Author -Tamar, Karin +Tamar, Karin - - -Author + + +Author -Tallowin, Oliver J S +Tallowin, Oliver J S - - -Author + + +Author -Kraus, Fred +Kraus, Fred - - -Author + + +Author -Allison, Allen +Allison, Allen - - -Author + + +Author -Carranza, Salvador +Carranza, Salvador - - -Author + + +Author -Meiri, Shai +Meiri, Shai -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - -2022 - -2022-05-01 + +2022 + +2022-05-01 - -195 + +195 - -1 + +1 - -220 -278 + +220 +278 - -https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/195/1/220/6365875 + +https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/195/1/220/6365875 -journal article -10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab052 -0024-4082 -6530695 +journal article +10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab052 +0024-4082 +6530695 - - - - -LOBULIA HUONENSIS - -SP. NOV. + + + + +LOBULIA HUONENSIS + +SP. NOV. -HUON MOSS SKINK +HUON MOSS SKINK - - + + ( -FIGS 6 +FIGS 6 , -11–12 +11–12 ; -TABLE 1 +TABLE 1 ) - -Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: + +Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n:l s i d: z o o b a n k. org:act: -692113B4-B03F-4D41-8620-7DE7852BDA1B +692113B4-B03F-4D41-8620-7DE7852BDA1B - - - -Holotype + + + +Holotype : BPBM 40322 (field tag AA 20573), adult male, collected by -A. Allison +A. Allison at -Dopeke +Dopeke , -5.9538°S +5.9538°S , -146.5573°E +146.5573°E (WGS 84), - -2646 m + +2646 m a.s.l. , -Finisterre Range +Finisterre Range , -Madang Province +Madang Province , -Papua New Guinea +Papua New Guinea , - -3 October 2010 + +3 October 2010 . - - - -Paratypes + + + +Paratypes (N = 18): -Papua New Guinea +Papua New Guinea : -Morobe Province +Morobe Province : -Saruwaged Range +Saruwaged Range : -Tobo +Tobo , -6.367°S +6.367°S , -147.37°E +147.37°E (WGS 84), - -1600 m + +1600 m a.s.l. (BPBM 2893; male) ; - -Madang Province + +Madang Province : -Finisterre Range -: same locality as holotype (BPBM 40320, 40323; - - -one male +Finisterre Range +: same locality as holotype (BPBM 40320, 40323; +one male , -one female -); -Wil +one female +) + +; + +Wil , near -Teptep +Teptep , -5.9438°S +5.9438°S , -146.5549°E +146.5549°E (WGS 84), - -2359 m + +2359 m a.s.l. -(BPBM 40321, 40330–31; +(BPBM 40321, 40330–31; +two males +, +one female +) - -two males +; + +ridge +N of Teptep , -one female -); ridge -N of Teptep +5.9369°S , -5.9369°S -, -146.5499°E +146.5499°E (WGS 84), - -2662 m + +2662 m a.s.l. -(BPBM 40324, 40327, 40332; +(BPBM 40324, 40327, 40332; +one male +, +one female +, +one juvenile +) - -one male -, -one female -, -one juvenile -); -c +; + +c . - -1.6 km + +1.6 km NW of Teptep , -5.9392°S +5.9392°S , -146.5523°E +146.5523°E (WGS 84), - -2556 m + +2556 m a.s.l. -(BPBM 40325; male); +(BPBM 40325; male) - -c +; + +c . - -11 km + +11 km WNW of Teptep , -5.9365°S +5.9365°S , -146.5487°E +146.5487°E (WGS 84), - -2686 m + +2686 m a.s.l. -(BPBM 40326; male); +(BPBM 40326; male) - -c +; + +c . - -2 km + +2 km NNW of Teptep , -5.9339°S +5.9339°S , -146.5567°E +146.5567°E (WGS 84), - -2564 m + +2564 m a.s.l. -(BPBM 40328–29; +(BPBM 40328–29; +one male +, +one female +) - -one male +; + +Siwasiwa, +5.9377°S , -one female -); Siwasiwa, -5.9377°S -, -146.5592°E +146.5592°E (WGS 84), - -2440 m + +2440 m a.s.l. -(BPBM 40333; juvenile); +(BPBM 40333; juvenile) - +; + Siwasiwa Camp, near -Teptep +Teptep , -5.9464°S +5.9464°S , -146.5601°E +146.5601°E (WGS 84), - -2478 m + +2478 m a.s.l. (BPBM 40334, 40337; -two males -); +two males +) - +; + vicinity of -Teptep Station +Teptep Station , -5.9552°S +5.9552°S , -146.5595°E +146.5595°E (WGS 84), - -2173 m + +2173 m a.s.l. -(BPBM 40335; female); +(BPBM 40335; female) - +; + “ca. - -2 km + +2 km NW of Teptep ”, -5.9334°S +5.9334°S , -146.5336°E +146.5336°E (WGS 84), - -2687 m + +2687 m a.s.l. (BPBM 40336; male) . - -Diagnosis: + +Diagnosis: A medium-sized species of - -Lobulia + +Lobulia (adult SVL -45.2–63.9 mm +45.2–63.9 mm ), characterized by the unique combination of frontoparietals unfused; supraorbital ridges not pronounced; nuchals 1–3 pairs; paravertebral scales 59–68; mid-body scale rows 33–38; 4 -th +th digit on front foot longer than 3 -rd +rd ; subdigital lamellae 19–25 under 4 -th +th toe; single supradigital scales 3–4 on 4 -th +th toe; mid-dorsum with two rows of large dark brown spots on an olive green background; top of tail base with two rows of large dark brown spots; fragmented white dorsolateral stripes present, extending from parietals to base of tail; flanks dark brown with light spots; unbroken white lateral stripes present, extending from occiput to hindlimbs; ventral coloration light blue on chin, light blue to lemon yellow on abdomen and base of tail in life, uniform light blue in preservative; thighs and precloacal region lack brown spotting; ventral surfaces of tail speckled with light brown spots forming fragmented parallel longitudinal lines; palmar and plantar surfaces pale to lemon yellow in life, light brown in preservative. - - + + Comparisons: -Lobulia huonensis +Lobulia huonensis differs from - -Lo. brongersmai + +Lo. brongersmai in having unfused (vs. fused) frontoparietals. It differs from - -Lo. elegans + +Lo. elegans and - -Lo. fortis + +Lo. fortis in having white dorsolateral stripes and lateral stripes (vs. absent). - -Lobulia huonensis + +Lobulia huonensis is most similar in scalation and general habitus to - -Lo. lobulus + +Lo. lobulus . It differs from it in dorsal coloration—whereas - -Lo. lobulus + +Lo. lobulus has dorsal rows of dark brown spots joined to form two mid-dorsal stripes, - -Lo. huonensis + +Lo. huonensis has large mid-dorsal dark brown spots arrayed in parallel longitudinal rows (not creating stripes), giving it an overall “lighter” appearance—and in having a higher average count of paravertebral scales [62.7 (59–68) vs. 57.7 (54–61)]. - - + + Description of the -holotype +holotype : Rostral broad and shallow, wider than deep, projecting slightly onto top of snout; nasals more or less rectangular, separated by rostral and frontonasal contact, projecting anterodorsally onto dorsum of snout; nostril circular, centred within nasal; frontonasal large, with eight sides, extending laterally to slightly above the level of nares, in broad contact with frontal; prefrontals large, separated by frontonasal and frontal contact, bordered lateroventrally by two loreals; supraoculars four, anterior two in contact with frontal, posterior three in contact with frontoparietals; frontal roughly kite shaped, widest anteriorly; frontoparietals single pair in medial contact, in narrow contact with frontal; interparietal of roughly similar area to single frontoparietal, kite shaped, widest anteriorly; parietal eye spot absent; parietals in contact behind interparietal, in contact anteriorly with frontoparietals, posteriormost supraocular and two pretemporals; nuchals single pair, transversely enlarged, wider than long, separated from secondary temporal by a single intercalated scale. Anterior loreal smaller than posterior loreal, higher than long; posterior loreal longer than high; lower preocular roughly square in shape; upper preocular much smaller, longer than high; presubocular single; postsuboculars four, lowest interdigitated between subocular supralabial and penultimate supralabial; lower eyelid scaly, moveable, with a clear palpebral disc smaller than size of ear opening; supraciliaries eight, anteriormost not in contact with frontal, posteriormost projecting medially and interdigitated between posteriormost supraocular and upper pretemporal; primary temporals two, lower interdigitated between posterior two supralabials; secondary temporals two, upper larger and overlapping lower; supralabials seven, fifth in contact with small scales of lower eyelid; postsupralabials two; ear opening moderately large, with lobules along anterior margin. Mental single; postmental single, contacting two anteriormost infralabials; infralabials eight; enlarged chin shields four pairs, the first two pairs in medial contact, third pair narrowly separated by single medial scale, fourth pair separated by three medial scales; posteriormost chin shield in contact with penultimate infralabial. Body scales smooth, in 36 rows at midbody; paravertebral scales 67; medial precloacal scales enlarged, overlapping lateral precloacals. Scales on dorsal surface of 4th toe in two rows proximally, single row distally beginning at third interphalangeal joint, three single scales; subdigital lamellae under 4th toe 23, smooth. In preservative ( -Fig. 11 +Fig. 11 ), base dorsal coloration coppery brown, with two mid-dorsal parallel rows of large dark brown spots two to four scales long, extending to base of tail; spots become smaller posteriorly on tail; dorsolateral stripes present as light blue fragmented stripes extending from occiput to base of tail; lateral field dark brown, speckled with light blue spots one to two single scales wide; unfragmented light blue lateral stripe present, extending from postsupralabials, across ear opening, to hind limbs; head similar in coloration to dorsum, with dark brown spotting, mostly in centre of scales and along scale margins; ventral surfaces uniform light blue; light brown dusting present on ventral surface of tail, roughly forming parallel longitudinal rows along tail margins; scales on palmar and plantar surfaces light brown, contrasting with dark brown digits. In life ( -Figs 6 +Figs 6 , -12 +12 ), dorsal colour coppery brown with black mid-dorsal spots; fragmented dorsolateral stripes, uniform lateral stripes and spots on lateral field white; chin light blue; ventral surfaces of chest, abdomen, thighs, precloacal region and tail lemon yellow, with tail becoming light blue posteriorly; scales on palmar and plantar surfaces lemon yellow. - -Variation: + +Variation: Adult body size -45.2–63.9 mm +45.2–63.9 mm SVL (mean = 54.0, SD = 4.7, -N = +N = 17). Females (mean = 51.8, range: 45.2–63.9, SD = 7.2, -N = +N = 5) have larger maximal size than males (mean = 56.5, range: 51.5– 60.2, SD = 3.2, -N = +N = 12). Forelimbs 37.7–43.6% of SVL (mean = 42.1%, SD = 1.7, -N = +N = 17). Hindlimbs 46.1– 51.9% of SVL (mean = 49.8%, SD = 1.6, -N = +N = 17). Scale rows at midbody 33–38 (mean = 36.2, SD = 1.3, -N = +N = 19); paravertebral scales 59–68 (mean = 62.7, SD = 2.6, -N = +N = 18). Lamellae under 4th toe 19–25 (mean = 21.3, SD = 1.3, -N = +N = 19); single supradigital scales on 4th toe 3–4 (mean = 3.1, SD = 0.3, -N = +N = 19). Mostly 1–3 pairs of nuchals, but BPBM 40323, 40325, 4027, 40328, 40333 and 40325 have an asymmetrical number of nuchals, with either one more nuchal on right side (BPBM 40327) or on left side (all others). Primary nuchals usually separated from secondary temporals by a single smaller intercalated scale ( -N +N = 16), rarely by two on left side and one on right ( -N +N = 2) or none on left side and one on right ( -N +N = 1). Prefrontals usually separated by frontonasal and frontal contact ( -N +N = 16), rarely by a single azygous scale ( -N +N = 3). Supraciliaries rarely seven ( -N +N = 1), typically eight ( -N +N = 9), occasionally nine ( -N +N = 7) or ten ( -N +N = 2). Anteriormost supraciliary usually not in contact with frontal ( -N +N = 14), sometimes in narrow contact ( -N +N = 5). Postsuboculars usually three ( -N +N = 16), rarely four ( -N +N = 2) or two ( -N +N = 1). Supralabials almost always seven ( -N +N = 18), rarely nine ( -N +N = 1). Primary temporals either single ( -N +N = 13) or two ( -N +N = 6). Infralabials rarely six ( -N +N = 1), typically seven ( -N +N = 13), occasionally eight ( -N +N = 3) and rarely nine ( -N +N = 1). Infralabials posterior to contact with chin shields usually one ( -N +N = 18), rarely two ( -N +N = 1). - + Colour pattern of all examined specimens generally similar to -holotype +holotype , with few exceptions. Size of middorsal dark brown spots varies between individuals. BPBM 40320, 40326 and 40328 have unfragmented, as opposed to fragmented, dorsolateral stripes. BPBM 2893, 40325 and 40331 have fragmented, as opposed to unfragmented, lateral stripes. BPBM 40334 has dark brown palmar and plantar surfaces. - -Colour in life: + +Colour in life: Dorsal surfaces coppery brown with two parallel mid-dorsal rows of large dark brown spots ( -Figs 6 +Figs 6 , -12 +12 ). Dorsolateral stripes white to pale yellow. Sides dark brown to jet black with white or pale yellow spotting and white or pale yellow lateral stripe extending from occiput to hind limbs. Coloration of sides becomes gradually lighter ventrally from lateral stripes. Chin pale blue. Chest, abdomen, precloacal region, thighs and base of tail range from pale blue (BPBM 40335) through light lime green to bright lemon yellow. Yellow coloration more prominent in adult males. - -Etymology: + +Etymology: The Latin adjectival suffix -–ensis +–ensis denotes belonging to a place and is used in reference to the Huon Peninsula, -Papua New Guinea +Papua New Guinea , where the -type +type series was collected. - -Distribution: + +Distribution: Known only from -1600–2690 m +1600–2690 m a.s.l. in the Finisterre Range, -Madang Province +Madang Province and the Saruwaged Range, -Morobe Province +Morobe Province , both on the Huon Peninsula, -Papua New Guinea +Papua New Guinea . It is presumed endemic to the Huon Peninsula, where it is the only member of - -Lobulia + +Lobulia present. - -Lobulia huonensis + +Lobulia huonensis appears to be sympatric with one species of - -Papuascincus + +Papuascincus (lineage I), although - -Lo. huonensis + +Lo. huonensis is seemingly more common at higher elevations (most specimens collected> -2200 m +2200 m a.s.l.), whereas - -Papuascincus + +Papuascincus sp. is more common at lower elevations (most specimens collected < -2200 m +2200 m a.s.l.). - -Natural history: + +Natural history: All animals were collected while basking on old tree stumps and logs within -2 m +2 m of the ground along walking tracks through highly degraded lower montane and montane forest or anthropogenic grassland, mostly between Teptep Station ( -2200 m +2200 m ) and Kawang Bagu Pass at around -3000 m +3000 m on a track leading to Bumbu. Most of the forest along the track, particularly at lower elevations, had been replaced by tall anthropogenic grassland dominated by - -Saccharum + +Saccharum × edule Hassk. (pitpit), - -Saccharum robustum + +Saccharum robustum E.W.Brandes & Jeswiet ex Grassl and - -Miscanthus floridulus + +Miscanthus floridulus (Labill.) Warb. ex K.Schum. & Lauterb. There were also large expanses of shorter grasses such as - -Themeda triandra + +Themeda triandra Fossk. , - -Ischaemum polystachyum + +Ischaemum polystachyum J.Presl and - -Imperata + +Imperata sp. Remnant trees included - -Pandanus + +Pandanus sp. , - -Caldcluvia + +Caldcluvia sp. and - -Saurauia + +Saurauia spp. There was fairly intact mossy forest at higher elevations (> -2500 m +2500 m ) dominated by - -Nothofagus + +Nothofagus sp. , with a ground flora fairly typical of montane New -Guinea +Guinea that included as aspect dominants a variety of species of shrubs in the genera - -Rhododendron + +Rhododendron , - -Coprosma + +Coprosma and - -Tasmannia + +Tasmannia , and an impressively robust ground moss, - -Dawsonia + +Dawsonia sp. - + In much of New -Guinea +Guinea , timberline occurs at around -2800–3000 m +2800–3000 m . In the Finisterre Mountains, mossy forest extends to around -3200 m +3200 m or higher. This was in line with our overall impression that the vegetation zones around Teptep were shifted upwards by -200–300 m +200–300 m compared to the rest of New -Guinea +Guinea . This may, at least in part, explain the occurrence of - -Lo. huonensis + +Lo. huonensis to nearly -2700 m +2700 m ; - -Lo. fortis + +Lo. fortis and - -Lo. elegans + +Lo. elegans , which are ecologically similar and occur in the central ranges, do not generally occur above -2400 m +2400 m . - + Like the two aforementioned species, - -Lo. huonensis + +Lo. huonensis is heliothermic and is exclusively found on tree stumps and logs. However, it is often found close to the ground, unlike - -Lo. fortis + +Lo. fortis and - -Lo. elegans + +Lo. elegans , which generally occur from -2–3 m +2–3 m above the ground. But like these species, - -Lo. huonensis + +Lo. huonensis is mainly active in the morning, when the first sun reaches its habitat. It is common. - - -Lobulia huonensis + + +Lobulia huonensis is sympatric with at least two other species of skinks: a ground-dwelling species of - -Papuascincus + +Papuascincus and the arboreal - -Pr. flavipes + +Pr. flavipes . A terrestrial colubrid snake, - -Tropidonophis + +Tropidonophis sp. , occurs to -2500 m +2500 m . There are only two sympatric species of nocturnal, scansorial frogs above -2200 m +2200 m : - -Choerophryne + +Choerophryne sp. and - -Cophixalus + +Cophixalus sp. -Zweifel (1980) +Zweifel (1980) has commented on the relatively low diversity of montane frogs on the Huon Peninsula, attributing this to the geological youth of the Saruwaged and Finisterre mountain ranges. - -Reproduction: + +Reproduction: Viviparous. Only a single gravid female was collected, with two embryos, but litter size is presumably variable in this species, as in other members of the genus. - -Conservation status: + +Conservation status: The species appears locally abundant at the -type +type locality although the population trend is unknown. Based on the sampled populations, - -Lo. huonensis + +Lo. huonensis has an extent of occurrence of -100 km -2 +100 km +2 and an area of occupancy of -16 km -2 +16 km +2 (based on occupation of -4 km -2 +4 km +2 cells; both calculated using http:// geocat.kew.org/). However, its distribution almost certainly encompasses more populations throughout the Huon Peninsula at suitable elevations, and the true area of occupancy and extent of occurrence are likely much larger than estimated here. The -type +type locality is approximately -3 km +3 km from a protected area, the YUS Conservation Area. Since it is locally abundant, with no immediate direct threats to the species or indirect threats to its habitat or location, and because it likely occurs over a wide distribution range encompassing at least one protected area, we recommend assigning a status of Least Concern to - -Lo. huonensis + +Lo. huonensis , although its true distribution extent needs to be confirmed through further surveys in the Huon Peninsula. diff --git a/data/2F/41/87/2F4187C3FFC0166179A0FEA125747143.xml b/data/2F/41/87/2F4187C3FFC0166179A0FEA125747143.xml index a9d6f360629..d2abf58affd 100644 --- a/data/2F/41/87/2F4187C3FFC0166179A0FEA125747143.xml +++ b/data/2F/41/87/2F4187C3FFC0166179A0FEA125747143.xml @@ -1,49 +1,49 @@ - - - -New taxa of Pterostichus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from Vietnam + + + +New taxa of Pterostichus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from Vietnam - - -Author + + +Author -Fedorenko, D. N. +Fedorenko, D. N. -text - - -Russian Entomological Journal +text + + +Russian Entomological Journal - -2023 - -2023-03-31 + +2023 + +2023-03-31 - -32 + +32 - -1 + +1 - -16 -39 + +16 +39 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.32.1.03 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.32.1.03 -journal article -10.15298/rusentj.32.1.03 -0132-8069 -10949096 +journal article +10.15298/rusentj.32.1.03 +0132-8069 +10949096 - + Pterostichus ( Vietoderus @@ -108,10 +108,7 @@ W of/ 1650-1700 m ,/ deciduous forest, 3- 11./ leg.D. - -Fedorenko -2018 - +Fedorenko 2018 ’; diff --git a/data/2F/41/87/2F4187C3FFC316657859FE7024147528.xml b/data/2F/41/87/2F4187C3FFC316657859FE7024147528.xml index 6aeb25af5e2..fb839f060dc 100644 --- a/data/2F/41/87/2F4187C3FFC316657859FE7024147528.xml +++ b/data/2F/41/87/2F4187C3FFC316657859FE7024147528.xml @@ -1,49 +1,49 @@ - - - -New taxa of Pterostichus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from Vietnam + + + +New taxa of Pterostichus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from Vietnam - - -Author + + +Author -Fedorenko, D. N. +Fedorenko, D. N. -text - - -Russian Entomological Journal +text + + +Russian Entomological Journal - -2023 - -2023-03-31 + +2023 + +2023-03-31 - -32 + +32 - -1 + +1 - -16 -39 + +16 +39 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.32.1.03 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.32.1.03 -journal article -10.15298/rusentj.32.1.03 -0132-8069 -10949096 +journal article +10.15298/rusentj.32.1.03 +0132-8069 +10949096 - + Pterostichus ( Neohaptoderus @@ -89,10 +89,7 @@ W of/ 1650-1700 m ,/ deciduous forest, 3-11.X./ leg.D. - -Fedorenko -2018 - +Fedorenko 2018 ’. diff --git a/data/2F/41/87/2F4187C3FFC316677AD1F8A0254C71D9.xml b/data/2F/41/87/2F4187C3FFC316677AD1F8A0254C71D9.xml index 9c85a477d6d..12c27f862a3 100644 --- a/data/2F/41/87/2F4187C3FFC316677AD1F8A0254C71D9.xml +++ b/data/2F/41/87/2F4187C3FFC316677AD1F8A0254C71D9.xml @@ -1,49 +1,49 @@ - - - -New taxa of Pterostichus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from Vietnam + + + +New taxa of Pterostichus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from Vietnam - - -Author + + +Author -Fedorenko, D. N. +Fedorenko, D. N. -text - - -Russian Entomological Journal +text + + +Russian Entomological Journal - -2023 - -2023-03-31 + +2023 + +2023-03-31 - -32 + +32 - -1 + +1 - -16 -39 + +16 +39 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.32.1.03 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.32.1.03 -journal article -10.15298/rusentj.32.1.03 -0132-8069 -10949096 +journal article +10.15298/rusentj.32.1.03 +0132-8069 +10949096 - + Pterostichus ( Vietosteropus @@ -167,10 +167,7 @@ Figs 35–42. Aedeagus with everted and inflated internal sac: 35–36 — , av3 — vesicles, termed after - -Fedorenko -[2017] - +Fedorenko [2017] . Scale bars 1 mm. @@ -208,10 +205,7 @@ Figs 35–42. Aedeagus with everted and inflated internal sac: 35–36 — , av3 — пуЗырьки, терминологиЯ по - -Fedorenko -[2017] - +Fedorenko [2017] . Масштаб 1 мм. @@ -226,10 +220,7 @@ Aedeagus examined in DIAGNOSIS. With characters of the subgenus [ - -Fedorenko -, 2017 - +Fedorenko, 2017 ]. A representative of the dalatensis species group, recognizable by the combination of frontal sulci deep and diverging, pronotal lateral bead merged into a widely explanate lateral margin, and @@ -278,10 +269,7 @@ and large, and lv3 well-developed [for the abbreviations see - -Fedorenko -, 2017 - +Fedorenko, 2017 ]. diff --git a/data/2F/41/87/2F4187C3FFC5167F79DBFAC12301704E.xml b/data/2F/41/87/2F4187C3FFC5167F79DBFAC12301704E.xml index 701b3a329ff..b27437926a1 100644 --- a/data/2F/41/87/2F4187C3FFC5167F79DBFAC12301704E.xml +++ b/data/2F/41/87/2F4187C3FFC5167F79DBFAC12301704E.xml @@ -1,43 +1,43 @@ - - - -New taxa of Pterostichus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from Vietnam + + + +New taxa of Pterostichus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from Vietnam - - -Author + + +Author -Fedorenko, D. N. +Fedorenko, D. N. -text - - -Russian Entomological Journal +text + + +Russian Entomological Journal - -2023 - -2023-03-31 + +2023 + +2023-03-31 - -32 + +32 - -1 + +1 - -16 -39 + +16 +39 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.32.1.03 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.32.1.03 -journal article -10.15298/rusentj.32.1.03 -0132-8069 -10949096 +journal article +10.15298/rusentj.32.1.03 +0132-8069 +10949096 @@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ SUBGENERA OF THE - + ARGUTOR diff --git a/data/2F/41/87/2F4187C3FFCF1669784FF996247073B4.xml b/data/2F/41/87/2F4187C3FFCF1669784FF996247073B4.xml index cf225088335..86a3e4c7ee3 100644 --- a/data/2F/41/87/2F4187C3FFCF1669784FF996247073B4.xml +++ b/data/2F/41/87/2F4187C3FFCF1669784FF996247073B4.xml @@ -1,49 +1,49 @@ - - - -New taxa of Pterostichus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from Vietnam + + + +New taxa of Pterostichus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from Vietnam - - -Author + + +Author -Fedorenko, D. N. +Fedorenko, D. N. -text - - -Russian Entomological Journal +text + + +Russian Entomological Journal - -2023 - -2023-03-31 + +2023 + +2023-03-31 - -32 + +32 - -1 + +1 - -16 -39 + +16 +39 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.32.1.03 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.32.1.03 -journal article -10.15298/rusentj.32.1.03 -0132-8069 -10949096 +journal article +10.15298/rusentj.32.1.03 +0132-8069 +10949096 - + Pterostichus ( Morphohaptoderus diff --git a/data/2F/41/87/2F4187C3FFCF1669784FFCB020AE77F7.xml b/data/2F/41/87/2F4187C3FFCF1669784FFCB020AE77F7.xml index 8da989a4338..10b823463e2 100644 --- a/data/2F/41/87/2F4187C3FFCF1669784FFCB020AE77F7.xml +++ b/data/2F/41/87/2F4187C3FFCF1669784FFCB020AE77F7.xml @@ -1,49 +1,49 @@ - - - -New taxa of Pterostichus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from Vietnam + + + +New taxa of Pterostichus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from Vietnam - - -Author + + +Author -Fedorenko, D. N. +Fedorenko, D. N. -text - - -Russian Entomological Journal +text + + +Russian Entomological Journal - -2023 - -2023-03-31 + +2023 + +2023-03-31 - -32 + +32 - -1 + +1 - -16 -39 + +16 +39 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.32.1.03 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.32.1.03 -journal article -10.15298/rusentj.32.1.03 -0132-8069 -10949096 +journal article +10.15298/rusentj.32.1.03 +0132-8069 +10949096 - + Pterostichus ( Morphohaptoderus @@ -95,8 +95,7 @@ WNW of/ 1600-1900 m -/ 22°37´-37.6´N/ 103°37.3´-38.3´E, 16-21./ leg. D. -Fedorenko +/ 22°37´-37.6´N/ 103°37.3´-38.3´E, 16-21./ leg. D.Fedorenko X.2018 diff --git a/data/2F/41/87/2F4187C3FFD9167979A0FDCF20F9704E.xml b/data/2F/41/87/2F4187C3FFD9167979A0FDCF20F9704E.xml index b54ec055513..358c2b5316c 100644 --- a/data/2F/41/87/2F4187C3FFD9167979A0FDCF20F9704E.xml +++ b/data/2F/41/87/2F4187C3FFD9167979A0FDCF20F9704E.xml @@ -1,49 +1,49 @@ - - - -New taxa of Pterostichus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from Vietnam + + + +New taxa of Pterostichus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from Vietnam - - -Author + + +Author -Fedorenko, D. N. +Fedorenko, D. N. -text - - -Russian Entomological Journal +text + + +Russian Entomological Journal - -2023 - -2023-03-31 + +2023 + +2023-03-31 - -32 + +32 - -1 + +1 - -16 -39 + +16 +39 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.32.1.03 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.32.1.03 -journal article -10.15298/rusentj.32.1.03 -0132-8069 -10949096 +journal article +10.15298/rusentj.32.1.03 +0132-8069 +10949096 - + Pterostichus ( Phonias @@ -115,8 +115,7 @@ NW of Thanh Van 1200 m -, picked field, 14-/ leg. D. -Fedorenko +, picked field, 14-/ leg. D. Fedorenko 22.IV.2022 diff --git a/data/3C/34/5D/3C345D7BFF82FF82FCA6F928B59CFF53.xml b/data/3C/34/5D/3C345D7BFF82FF83FCA6F928B696F7EE.xml similarity index 53% rename from data/3C/34/5D/3C345D7BFF82FF82FCA6F928B59CFF53.xml rename to data/3C/34/5D/3C345D7BFF82FF83FCA6F928B696F7EE.xml index 2c1ff248385..c79dbc486db 100644 --- a/data/3C/34/5D/3C345D7BFF82FF82FCA6F928B59CFF53.xml +++ b/data/3C/34/5D/3C345D7BFF82FF83FCA6F928B696F7EE.xml @@ -1,113 +1,113 @@ - - - -A generic monograph of the Hyacinthaceae subfamily Urgineoideae + + + +A generic monograph of the Hyacinthaceae subfamily Urgineoideae - - -Author + + +Author -Martínez-Azorín, Mario -Depto. Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (dCARN), Universidad de Alicante, P. O. Box 99, ES- 03080 Alicante, Spain. & E-mail: mmartinez @ ua. es; ORCID: https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2605 - 9575 -mmartinez@ua.es +Martínez-Azorín, Mario +Depto. Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (dCARN), Universidad de Alicante, P. O. Box 99, ES- 03080 Alicante, Spain. & E-mail: mmartinez @ ua. es; ORCID: https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2605 - 9575 +mmartinez@ua.es - - -Author + + +Author -Crespo, Manuel B. -Depto. Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (dCARN), Universidad de Alicante, P. O. Box 99, ES- 03080 Alicante, Spain. & E-mail: crespo @ ua. es; ORCID: https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3294 - 5637 -crespo@ua.es +Crespo, Manuel B. +Depto. Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (dCARN), Universidad de Alicante, P. O. Box 99, ES- 03080 Alicante, Spain. & E-mail: crespo @ ua. es; ORCID: https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3294 - 5637 +crespo@ua.es - - -Author + + +Author -Alonso-Vargas, María Ángeles -Depto. Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (dCARN), Universidad de Alicante, P. O. Box 99, ES- 03080 Alicante, Spain. & E-mail: ma. alonso @ ua. es; ORCID: https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3768 - 9203 -ma.alonso@ua.es +Alonso-Vargas, María Ángeles +Depto. Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (dCARN), Universidad de Alicante, P. O. Box 99, ES- 03080 Alicante, Spain. & E-mail: ma. alonso @ ua. es; ORCID: https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3768 - 9203 +ma.alonso@ua.es - - -Author + + +Author -Pinter, Michael -Depto. Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (dCARN), Universidad de Alicante, P. O. Box 99, ES- 03080 Alicante, Spain. & Institute of Biology, NAWI Graz, Division Plant Sciences, Karl-Franzens University Graz, Holteigasse 6, A- 8010 Graz, Austria. & E-mail: michael. pinter @ uni-graz. at; ORCID: https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6055 - 6989 -michael.pinter@uni-graz.at +Pinter, Michael +Depto. Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (dCARN), Universidad de Alicante, P. O. Box 99, ES- 03080 Alicante, Spain. & Institute of Biology, NAWI Graz, Division Plant Sciences, Karl-Franzens University Graz, Holteigasse 6, A- 8010 Graz, Austria. & E-mail: michael. pinter @ uni-graz. at; ORCID: https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6055 - 6989 +michael.pinter@uni-graz.at - - -Author + + +Author -Crouch, Neil R. -BRAM, South African National Biodiversity Institute, P. O. Box 52099, Berea Road 4007, South Africa. & School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa. & E-mail: N. Crouch @ sanbi. org. za; ORCID: https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4938 - 5840. -rouch@sanbi.org.za +Crouch, Neil R. +BRAM, South African National Biodiversity Institute, P. O. Box 52099, Berea Road 4007, South Africa. & School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa. & E-mail: N. Crouch @ sanbi. org. za; ORCID: https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4938 - 5840. +rouch@sanbi.org.za - - -Author + + +Author -Dold, Anthony P. -Selmar Schonland Herbarium, Department of Botany, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa. & E-mail: t. dold @ ru. ac. za; ORCID: https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9497 - 7503 -t.dold@ru.ac.za +Dold, Anthony P. +Selmar Schonland Herbarium, Department of Botany, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa. & E-mail: t. dold @ ru. ac. za; ORCID: https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9497 - 7503 +t.dold@ru.ac.za - - -Author + + +Author -Mucina, Ladislav -Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Building 390, Murdoch WA 6150, Perth, Australia. & Dept. of Geography & Environmental Studies, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X 1, Matieland 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa. & E-mail: ladislav. mucina @ murdoch. edu. au; ORCID: https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0317 - 8886 -ladislav.mucina@murdoch.edu.au +Mucina, Ladislav +Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Building 390, Murdoch WA 6150, Perth, Australia. & Dept. of Geography & Environmental Studies, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X 1, Matieland 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa. & E-mail: ladislav. mucina @ murdoch. edu. au; ORCID: https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0317 - 8886 +ladislav.mucina@murdoch.edu.au - - -Author + + +Author -Pfosser, Martin -Biocenter Linz, J. - W. - Klein-Str. 73, A- 4040 Linz, Austria. & E-mail: martin. pfosser @ ooelkg. at; ORCID: https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2050 - 4997 -martin.pfosser@ooelkg.at +Pfosser, Martin +Biocenter Linz, J. - W. - Klein-Str. 73, A- 4040 Linz, Austria. & E-mail: martin. pfosser @ ooelkg. at; ORCID: https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2050 - 4997 +martin.pfosser@ooelkg.at - - -Author + + +Author -Wetschnig, Wolfgang -Depto. Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (dCARN), Universidad de Alicante, P. O. Box 99, ES- 03080 Alicante, Spain. & Institute of Biology, NAWI Graz, Division Plant Sciences, Karl-Franzens University Graz, Holteigasse 6, A- 8010 Graz, Austria. & Depto. Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (dCARN), Universidad de Alicante, P. O. Box 99, ES- 03080 Alicante, Spain. & E-mail: wolfgang. wetschnig @ uni-graz. at; ORCID: https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9245 - 029 X * Author for correspondence & Depto. Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (dCARN), Universidad de Alicante, P. O. Box 99, ES- 03080 Alicante, Spain. -wolfgang.wetschnig@uni-graz.at +Wetschnig, Wolfgang +Depto. Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (dCARN), Universidad de Alicante, P. O. Box 99, ES- 03080 Alicante, Spain. & Institute of Biology, NAWI Graz, Division Plant Sciences, Karl-Franzens University Graz, Holteigasse 6, A- 8010 Graz, Austria. & Depto. Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (dCARN), Universidad de Alicante, P. O. Box 99, ES- 03080 Alicante, Spain. & E-mail: wolfgang. wetschnig @ uni-graz. at; ORCID: https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9245 - 029 X * Author for correspondence & Depto. Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (dCARN), Universidad de Alicante, P. O. Box 99, ES- 03080 Alicante, Spain. +wolfgang.wetschnig@uni-graz.at -text - - -Phytotaxa +text + + +Phytotaxa - -2023 - -2023-08-31 + +2023 + +2023-08-31 - -610 + +610 - -1 + +1 - -1 -143 + +1 +143 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.610.1.1 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.610.1.1 -journal article -266341 -10.11646/phytotaxa.610.1.1 -3f1ee302-e1e7-404f-9f87-9dee7086748c -1179-3163 -8308556 +journal article +266341 +10.11646/phytotaxa.610.1.1 +3f1ee302-e1e7-404f-9f87-9dee7086748c +1179-3163 +8308556 - + 23. @@ -117,10 +117,10 @@ Raf., Fl. Tellur. - + 3: 52 (1837) ( -Figs 56–59 +Figs 56–59 ). Typus generis:— Tenicroa fragrans @@ -260,9 +260,8 @@ J.C.Manning & J.M.J.Deacon holotype ). -. - + FIGURE 56. Species of @@ -758,7 +757,7 @@ and southern Accepted species:— - + Tenicroa applanata @@ -781,7 +780,7 @@ in Phyton (Horn, Austria) 60: 64 (2020) ( Cape Town (3318): near -Tinie Versveld Wild Flower Reserve +Tinie Versveld Wild Flower Reserve , between Darling and Yzerfontein , (–AD), elev. @@ -844,11 +843,11 @@ in . Wuppertal (3219): -Swartruggens +Swartruggens , near turnoff to -Kagga Kamma +Kagga Kamma at summit of -Skitterykloof +Skitterykloof , (–DC), 27 November 2017 @@ -879,7 +878,7 @@ Jacq., Icon. Pl. Rar. 2 (13): 18, t. 415 (1794) , basionym ( -Fig. 56.2 +Fig. 56.2 ) ≡ Phalangium exuviatum @@ -932,7 +931,7 @@ in Bothalia 13(1-2): 113 (1980) ( :— SOUTH AFRICA . Crescit ad Promontorium bonae Spei, icon in Jacq., Icon. Pl. Rar. 2: t. 415 (1794) ( -Fig. 56.2 +Fig. 56.2 ) (lecto. designated as “ Type ” by Jessop in @@ -979,7 +978,7 @@ in Phyton (Horn, Austria) 60: 70 (2020) ( S.S. W. of -Vredendal +Vredendal , (–CD), elev. ca 500 ft. @@ -1014,7 +1013,7 @@ Jacq., Icon. Pl. Rar. 2: 18, t. 414 (1794) , basionym ( -Fig. 56.3 +Fig. 56.3 ) ≡ Phalangium filifolium @@ -1030,7 +1029,7 @@ in Bot. Reg. 7: 557 (1821) ( -Fig. 56.4 +Fig. 56.4 ) ≡ @@ -1076,7 +1075,7 @@ in ). Type :—Illustration in Jacq., Icon. Pl. Rar. 2 (15): t. 414 (1794) ( -Fig. 56.3 +Fig. 56.3 ) (lecto. designated as “ Type ” by @@ -1136,9 +1135,9 @@ in Simonstown (3418): Cape -Peninsula +Peninsula , -Smitswinkel Bay +Smitswinkel Bay , (–AD), 3 January 1941 @@ -1147,8 +1146,6 @@ in Adamson 3099 (BOL140326! holo.; NBG sub SAM0056131-0!, K000257378! iso.). - - Tenicroa fragrans @@ -1160,7 +1157,7 @@ in Jacq., Hort. Schoenbr. 1: t. 86 (1797), basionym ( -Fig. 56.1 +Fig. 56.1 ) ≡ Phalangium fragrans @@ -1227,7 +1224,7 @@ in Bot. Reg. 4: t. 311 (1818), syn. subst. ( . Western Cape : illustration in Jacq., Hort. Schoenbr. 1: t. 86 (1797) ( -Fig. 56.1 +Fig. 56.1 ) (lecto. designated as “ Type ” by Jessop in @@ -1250,8 +1247,6 @@ Pinter H. Hall 3906 (NBG91254!, 2 sheets epi.; PRE0046756-0! isoepi.). - - @@ -1291,9 +1286,9 @@ in Cape Town (3318): -Paarl +Paarl , -Brier’s Louw Nature Reserve +Brier’s Louw Nature Reserve , (–DD), 23 November 2013 @@ -1368,8 +1363,6 @@ Schlechter nom. nud. in sched . - - Tenicroa namibensis @@ -1388,7 +1381,7 @@ M.Pinter, Mart. :— NAMIBIA . -Witputz +Witputz (2716): Karas , (–AC), elev. @@ -1431,7 +1424,7 @@ M.Pinter, Mart. Cape Town (3318): -Langebaan +Langebaan , eastern end of town, (–AA), elev. 55 m @@ -1488,7 +1481,7 @@ in Cape Town (3318): -Stellenbosch Flats +Stellenbosch Flats , (–DD), October 1927 @@ -1500,8 +1493,6 @@ s.n. STE1891 (NBG0197708-1! holo.; BOL140325! iso.). - - = @@ -1522,7 +1513,6 @@ Ann. Univ. Stell. 6 . - = @@ -1563,7 +1553,1041 @@ C.H.Wright + + +in +Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1916(9): 233 (1916) +( +Figs 60 +, +61 +). + + + + +Typus generis:— + +T. macranthum +(Baker) C.H.Wright + +( +holotype +). + + + + + +≡ + + +Drimia +sect. +Thuranthos +(C.H.Wright) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt + +in +Strelitzia 40: 62 (2018) + +pro parte. +Typus +sectionis:— + +D. macrantha + + +(Baker) Baker ( +holotype +). + + + + +Description +:—Medium to tall bulbous geophyte. +Bulb +hypogeal, ovoid to subglobose, +3‒15 cm +in diam., with white, fleshy, spathulate and commonly pediculate, loose scales. Roots thickened and branched. +Leaves +2‒7(‒14) per bulb, hysteranthous, +10‒70 cm +long, narrowly linear, channelled and usually keeled, green, sometimes basally maculate, somewhat glaucous, smooth, glabrous. +Inflorescence +a lax, erect raceme, +15‒50 cm +long, with 3–40 flowers; peduncle +30‒150 cm +long, erect, terete, smooth; pedicels (10–) +30‒70 mm +long, subpatent and arching downwards distally at anthesis, erect in fruit. Bracts ovate-lanceolate, +3‒10 mm +long, lowermost with distinct spur, early caducous at flowering and leaving a distinct scar; bracteoles present and evident, also early caducous. +Flowers +stellate with strongly reflexed tepals at full anthesis, nodding, nocturnal, opening in late evening and closing before sunrise, fragrant during night. Tepals 6, biseriate, (10‒) +15‒37 mm +long, narrowly oblong, obtuse, yellow, brown, carneous or whitish with darker brownish-greenish longitudinal band more evident on abaxial side, almost free to very shortly connate for +1‒2 mm +. +Stamens +6, erect, sigmoid, yellow, brown to white or cream colour; filaments +7‒20 mm +long, linear, flattened and expanded below and incurved, leaving opening among them to show ovary, connivent to style at upper half/third, and slightly spreading distally and commonly pale in colour, adnate to tepals at base; anthers oblong, +2‒7 mm +long, basifixed, yellow, orange or green, with yellow or white pollen. +Ovary +ovate to conical, 4.0‒ +6.5 mm +long, greenish. Style +7‒22 mm +long, erect, white, columnar, ending in small or distinctly capitate, thickened stigma. +Capsule +ovate to oblong or ellipsoid, trigonous, deeply 3-lobed, +10‒50 mm +long, pale brown, valves completely dehiscing from base, tepals cohering and inrolled above ovary after anthesis, circumcissile from base and persisting as a cap at the top of the developing capsules. +Seeds +ellipsoidal to broadly ellipsoid, flattened, +6‒16 mm +long, testa black, glossy, with slightly sinuous anticlinal cell walls. + + + +FIGURE 60. +Species of + +Thuranthos +C.H.Wright + +displayed in horizontal rows of images. +1. + +Thuranthos macranthum +(Baker) C.H.Wright + +from +Wright (1916 +: t. 8680); +2. + +Thuranthos nocturnale +R.A.Dyer + +from +Dyer (1964 +: t. 1439). + + + + +FIGURE 61. +Species of + +Thuranthos +C.H.Wright + +displayed in horizontal rows of images. +1. + +Thuranthos bakeri +Mart. + +-Azorín +et al. +; +2. + +Thuranthos macranthum +(Baker) C.H.Wright + +; +3. + +Thuranthos macrocarpum +(Stedje) Speta + +(Photographs of flowers by B. Stedje); +4. + +Thuranthos nocturnale +R.A.Dyer + +; +5. + +Thuranthos pauciflorum +(Baker) Mart. + +-Azorín et al. + + + +Number of species and distribution +:— + +Thuranthos + +includes eight species mostly confined to Southern Africa and East Africa, being in the Uzambara-Zululand Region and the Southern and Eastern Sections of the Zambezian Subregion, with a species occurring in the Karoo‐Namib Region (sensu +Takhtajan 1986 +and + +Martínez-Azorín +et al. +2023a + +), ( +Fig. 49 +). For further species characterisation see +Dyer (1964) +, +Stirton (1976) +, +Obermeyer (1980c) +, Stedje (1987), +Speta (1998a) +, +Newton (2003) +, and +Manning & Goldblatt (2018) +. + + +Karyology +:—2n=20 ( +De Wet 1957 +, as + +Thuranthos macranthum +(Baker) C.H.Wright + +); 2n=20+4B ( +Stedje 1996 +as + +Drimia macrocarpa +Stedje + +). + + +History, diagnostic characters, and taxonomic relationships +:— +Wright (1916) +described + +Thuranthos + +based on a distinct species with a remarkable, unique flower morphology within +Urgineoideae +at that time, showing nocturnal, large, nodding flowers with filaments that +Stirton (1976) +considered an outstanding feature showing flattened, convex basal regions that are connivent to the style at the middle and spread above, resembling a paper lantern with longitudinal slits ( +Figs 60 +, +61 +). +Speta (1998a) +accepted this genus based on its evident morphological differentiation from other urgineoids. This genus was characterised by the imbricate, loose bulb scales; keeled, proteranthous leaves; the presence of bracteoles; the nodding, nocturnal flowers with the peculiar morphology of filaments described above, the erect style and the large, flat, ovate seeds. + + +The phylogenetic study of + +Martínez-Azorín +et al. +(2023a) + +included six samples of + +Thuranthos macranthum + +, + +T. nocturnale +Dyer (1964 + +: t. 1439), and + +T. pauciflorum +( +Baker 1892: 6 +) + +Martínez-Azorín +et al. +(2019a: 295) + + +, the latter including + +T. basuticum +( +Phillips 1917: 306 +) +Obermeyer (1980c: 139) + +in synonymy (see + +Martínez-Azorín +et al. +2019a + +). This is a genus restricted to Southern Africa and East Africa, and one which formed a strongly supported clade included in a polytomy with the monophyletic and well supported + +Ledurgia + +and + +Zingela + +. + +Martínez-Azorín +et al. +(2023a) + +considered + +Thuranthos + +to resemble + +Vera-duthiea + +on account of the nodding, nocturnal flowers with filaments usually approaching the style at the middle, but differing in the style, which is distinctly deflexed, the spotted, not keeled leaves, the lack of bracteoles [except in + +V. macrocarpa +(Stedje 1987: 664) +Speta (2016: 155) + +], and in their different phylogenetic relationships, as it is sister to + +Ebertia +( + +Martínez-Azorín +et al. +2023a + +) + +. Our recent unpublished phylogenetic analyses of samples of + +Drimia macrocarpa +Stedje (1987: 664) + +from Mapanza Mission in +Zambia +( +Robinson 316 +K! number H.212/95 90; seeds kindly provided by Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew), show its close relation to + +Thuranthos + +instead of + +Vera-duthiea + +. This recent finding facilitates the refinement of the circumscription of the latter two genera and therefore, + +Thuranthos + +is expanded to include the species with loose bulb scales, nodding, nocturnal flowers with basally expanded filaments that are sigmoid and connivent to the style along the middle portion and spreading above and presence of bracteoles and + +Vera-duthiea +, + +including species with compact bulb scales, absence of bracteoles and filaments narrow and contracted at the joint to tepals, among other characters. This new circumscription of the two genera eliminates the exception of the presence of bracteoles and loose bulb scales in + +D. macrocarpa + +when included in + +Vera-duthiea + +by +Speta (2001 +, +2016 +) and + +Martínez-Azorín +et al. +(2018b + +, +2023a +). + + +Samples of + +Zingela + +consistently form a well‐supported clade sharing with + +Thuranthos + +the loose bulb scales; hysteranthous leaves and presence of bracteoles; however, + +Zingela + +differs by the diurnal flowers and filiform, spreading stamens with circinnate dehisced anthers ( + +Crouch +et al. +2018 + +), and are placed in a polytomy with + +Thuranthos + +and + +Ledurgia + +( + +Fig. +2 + +in + +Martínez-Azorín +et al. +2023a + +), which is resolved in the parsimony analyses ( +Figs S5 +, S + +7 +in + + +Martínez-Azorín +et al. +2023a + +) where + +Ledurgia + +and + +Zingela + +form sister +clades. + + +Therefore, we accept + +Thuranthos + +as a distinct genus following +Stirton (1976) +, +Obermeyer (1980c) +and +Speta (1998a) +, though with the necessary recircumscription. + + +Manning & Goldblat (2018) accept +D. +sect. + +Thuranthos + +to include five species from Southern Africa: + +D. macrantha + +, + +D. basutica + +, + +D. vespertina + +(a newly described species from northern +Namibia +and southern +Angola +), + +D. hesperantha + +(= + +Urginea revoluta + +), and + +D. indica + +. As reported by + +Martínez-Azorín +et al. +(2018b) + +, + +Drimia indica + +belongs to + +Indurgia + +, a genus restricted to +India +and neigbouring countries, and plants identified as + +D. indica + +in +South Africa +were recently described as + +Vera-duthiea zebrina + +Martínez-Azorín +et al. +(2018b: 285) + + +and + +Zingela pooleyorum + +Crouch +et al. +(2018: 36) + + +. Similarly, + +D. vespertina + +seems to better fit the concept of + +Thuranthos + +of this work based on flower morphology and the expanded filaments, though the compact bulb scales, the absence of bracteoles, the general small plant size and its distribution makes its inclusion in the genus deviant. Further studies are needed to ascertain its phylogenetic relationships. Finally, + +Urginea revoluta + +is excluded from + +Thuranthos + +based on flower and seed morphology and our phylogenetic results ( + +Martínez-Azorín +et al. +2023a + +). + +Accepted species and required new combination and new name:— + + + + +Thuranthos bakeri +Mart.-Azorín, M.B.Crespo & M.Á.Alonso + + +nom. nov. + +( +Figs 5.4 +, +61.1 +) ≡ + + +Drimia elata +var. +cooperi +Baker + +in +J. Linn. Soc. 11: 422 (1871) + +, +syn. subst +. ≡ + +Drimia angustifolia +Baker, Fl. Cap. (Harvey) + +6(3): 440 (1897), +nom. illeg. +[non + + +Drimia angustifolia +Kunth, Enum. Pl. + +4: 340 (1843) + +, nec + +D. cooperi +Baker, + +Refug. Bot. [Saunders] 1: pl. 18 (1869)]. +Type +:— +SOUTH AFRICA +. +Eastern Cape +. Fort Beaufort (3226): near Tarkastad, (–AB), 1860, +Cooper 387 +(K000400568! holo.). + + + +Thuranthos laxiflorum +(Baker) Mart.- +Azorín, M.B +.Crespo & +M.Á.Alonso + + +comb. nov. + +≡ + + +Drimia laxiflora +Baker + +in + +J. Linn. Soc. +, +Bot. +11: 422 (1870) + + +, basionym. +Type +:— +MOZAMBIQUE +. +Zambesi-land +, prope +Quillimane +[Quelimane], + +November 1862 + +, + +Dr. Kirk +s.n. + +(K0000400585! holo.). + + + + + +Thuranthos macranthum +(Baker) C.H.Wright + +in +Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1916(9): 223 (1916) + +≡ + + +Ornithogalum macranthum +Baker + +in +J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 13: 280 (1873) + +, basionym ≡ + +Drimia macrantha +(Baker) Baker + +in Bot. Jahrb. 15 (3, Beibl. 35): 7 (1892) ≡ + + +Urginea macrantha +(Baker) E.P.Phillips + +in +Ann. S. African Mus. 16: 305 (1917) + +( +Figs 60.1 +, +61.2 +). +Type +:— +SOUTH AFRICA +. +Eastern Cape +. Uitenhage Division, Van Stadens River, elev. under +200 ft. +, December, +Drège 2204 +(K000257227! +lecto. designated here +; K000257228!, S06-4414!, isolecto.). +Note +:—Lectotypification designated by + +Jessop in +J. S. African Bot. 43: 275 (1977) + +is disregarded since no specimen of that collection is kept at BM. + + +Thuranthos macrocarpum +(Stedje) Speta + +in Phyton (Horn, Austria) 56(2): 155 (2016) ≡ + + +Drimia macrocarpa +Stedje + +in +Nordic J. Bot. 7(6): 664 (1987) + +, basionym ≡ + +Thuranthos macrocarpus +(Stedje) Speta + +in Phyton (Horn, Austria) 38(1): 84 (1998) ≡ + + +Duthiea macrocarpa +(Stedje) Speta + +in Stapfia 75: 170 (2001) + +( +Figs 5.5 +, +61.3 +). +Type +:— +TANZANIA +. Mpanda District, Uruwira, elev. +3600 ft. +, +23 September 1970 +, +H.M. Richards & S. Arasululu 26126 +(K000257337! holo.). + + += + +Ornithogalum laikipiense +L.E.Newton + +in +Plantsman +n.s. 2(1): 18 (2003). +Type +:— +KENYA +. +Laikipia +Plateau +, + +56 km +NE of Rumuruti + +, +Colcheccio Ranch +, elev. + +1750 m + +, April/ + +May 1995 + +, + +M. Roberts +sub +Newton +5567 + +(K000365655! Sheet 1/2 +lecto. designated here +; K000365654! Sheet 2/2, isolecto.; EA isolecto., only the inflorescence). + +Note + +:— +The +type +material at +Kew +includes two herbarium vouchers with different herbarium barcodes. +Although +not specified, leaves and flowers were most probably collected at different times (Hysteranthous: April–May as indicated on the voucher labels). +Despite +the current wording of +Art. +8 of the ICN, and following amendment proposal by +Mosyakin & McNeill (2022) +, a lectotypification is here proposed. +Further +, the +type +material at EA includes both leaves and inflorescences in a single voucher, and according to our proposal, only the inflorescence is regarded as isolectotype. + + + +Thuranthos nocturnale +R.A.Dyer + +in +Fl. Pl. Africa +36: t. 1439 (1964) ( +Figs 5.6 +, +60.2 +, +61.4 +). Type:— +SOUTH AFRICA +. +Eastern Cape +. Steynsburg (3125): Grootfontein, (–AC), + +November 1956 + +, +Acocks 18650 +(PRE0046805-2! +lecto. designated here +). +Note +:—The type material (“ +holotype +”) indicated in the protologue is currently conserved in four different herbarium sheets numbered 1–4, here regarded as +syntypes +. Each of those vouchers includes different fragments collected on different dates. Following amendment proposal of Art. 8 of the ICN by +Mosyakin & McNeill (2022) +, a lectotypification is here proposed. + + + +Thuranthos pauciflorum +(Baker) Mart.-Azorín, M.B.Crespo, M.Pinter & Wetschnig + +in +Phytotaxa 397(4): 295 (2019) +≡ + +Drimia pauciflora +Baker + +in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 15(3, Beibl. 35): 6 (1892), basionym [non + +Urginea pauciflora +Baker (1898: 539) + +, nec + +Urginea pauciflora +Baker (1901: 786) + +, +nom. illeg +.] ( +Figs 5.7 +, +61.5 +). +Type +:— +SOUTH AFRICA +. Pr. B. sp., +Ecklon & Zeyher Asphod. 102 +(B100167472! lecto. [or perhaps holo.] designated by + +Martínez-Azorín +et al. +2019a: 295 + +). + + += + + +Urginea basutica +E.Phillips + +in +Ann. S. African Mus. 16: 306 (1917) + +≡ + +Thuranthos basuticum +(E.Phillips) Oberm. + +in Bothalia 13(1−2): 139 (1980) ≡ + + +Drimia basutica +(E.P.Phillips) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt + +in +Strelitzia 40: 68 (2018) + +. Type:— +LESOTHO +. Bethlehem (2828): +Leribe +, (–CC), +October–November 1911 +, +A. Dieterlen 854 +(PRE0048599-0! +lecto. designated here +; K!, SAM! isolecto.). +Note +:—The +holotype +designated by +Manning & Goldblatt (2018: 64) +is not correct according to Art. 9.23 of the +Shenzhen Code +( + +Turland +et al. +2018 + +), since two vouchers at K (K000257224 and K000257225) are undoubtedly original material. + + + +Thuranthos vespertinum +(J.C.Manning & Goldblatt) Mart.- +Azorín, M.B +.Crespo + +& +M.Á.Alonso + +comb. nov. + +≡ + + +Drimia vespertina +J.C.Manning & Goldblatt + +in + +Strelitzia +40: 65 (2018) + + +, basionym. +Type +:— +NAMIBIA +. +Sesfontein +(1913): +Khowarib Gorge +, (–BD), only the flowered material ex hort on + +29 April 1991 + +, + +P. Bruyns +4066 + +(NBG150472! holo.). + + + + + +Thuranthos zambesiacum +(Baker) Kativu + +in +Kirkia 15(1): 113 (1994) + +≡ + + +Urginea zambesiaca +Baker + +in +J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 13: 223 (1873) + +, basionym ≡ + + +Drimia zambesiaca +(Baker) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt + +in +Edinburgh J. Bot. 60(3): 557 (2004) + +≡ + + +Drimia zambesiaca +(Baker) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt + +in +Bothalia 49(1): 4 (2019) + +isonym ≡ + +Vera-duthiea zambesiaca +(Baker) N.R.Crouch & Mart. + +- + +Azorín, +Phytotaxa 470(3): 261 (2020) + +. +Type +:— +MOZAMBIQUE +. Lower Zambesi, mainland above Expedition Island, lower Zambesi, +20 November 1859 +, +J. Kirk 128 +(K000400577! holo.). + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file