plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Releases Activity

added 3C

Browse source
This commit is contained in:
maintenance 2024-06-21 12:34:03 +02:00
parent 6f3fd9c10f
commit aec0df34f3
1479 changed files with 352840 additions and 0 deletions
Download patch file Download diff file Expand all files Collapse all files

663
data/3C/7C/16/3C7C162A193F5104A549D78D7906D5DB.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,663 @@
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.71.e60800" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d32934b4-6597-4ac0-93a4-96b83416da0d" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191979825" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2625-8498-71-175" ID-Pensoft-UUID="6C5EF4DA941953828D139342F1640C3C" ID-ZooBank="D69334EA18334DD8A51E2953BCA3E461" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D1621AC7-53A4-4CD5-A958-659510199169" ModsDocID="2625-8498-71-175" checkinTime="1641857418598" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Jablonski, Daniel, Ribeiro-Junior, Marco Antonio, Meiri, Shai, Maza, Erez, Kukushkin, Oleg V., Chirikova, Marina, Pirosova, Angelika, Jelic, Dusan, Mikulicek, Peter &amp; Jandzik, David" docDate="2021" docId="3C7C162A193F5104A549D78D7906D5DB" docLanguage="en" docName="VertZool 71: 175-200" docOrigin="Vertebrate Zoology 71" docPubDate="2021-04-05" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.71.e60800" docTitle="Pseudopus apodus subsp. levantinus ssp. nov. Jablonski, Ribeiro-Júnior, Meiri, Maza, Mikulíček, Jandzik" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="6C5EF4DA941953828D139342F1640C3C" lastPageNumber="175" masterDocId="6C5EF4DA941953828D139342F1640C3C" masterDocTitle="Morphological and genetic differentiation in the anguid lizard Pseudopus apodus supports the existence of an endemic subspecies in the Levant" masterLastPageNumber="200" masterPageNumber="175" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" updateTime="1641863130264" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Morphological and genetic differentiation in the anguid lizard Pseudopus apodus supports the existence of an endemic subspecies in the Levant</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Jablonski, Daniel</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5394-0114</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Zoology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, Mlynska dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">daniel.jablonski@balcanica.cz</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Ribeiro-Junior, Marco Antonio</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>School of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Meiri, Shai</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3839-6330</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>School of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel &amp; The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Israel National Center for Biodiversity Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Maza, Erez</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>School of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel &amp; The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Israel National Center for Biodiversity Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kukushkin, Oleg V.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biodiversity Studies and Ecological Monitoring, T. I. Vyazemsky Karadag Scientific Station-Nature Reserve-Branch of Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nauki Street 24, 298188 Theodosia, Crimea &amp; Department of Herpetology, Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya Embankment 1, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Chirikova, Marina</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Institute of Zoology of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Pirosova, Angelika</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Zoology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, Mlynska dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Jelic, Dusan</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Croatian Institute for Biodiversity, Zagreb, Croatia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Mikulicek, Peter</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4927-493X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Zoology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, Mlynska dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Jandzik, David</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4239-0014</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Zoology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, Mlynska dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Vertebrate Zoology</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-04-05</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>71</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>175</mods:start>
<mods:end>200</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.71.e60800</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.71.e60800</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">2625-8498-71-175</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">D69334EA18334DD8A51E2953BCA3E461</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">6C5EF4DA941953828D139342F1640C3C</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="191979825" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D1621AC7-53A4-4CD5-A958-659510199169" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3C7C162A193F5104A549D78D7906D5DB" lastPageNumber="175" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/D1621AC7-53A4-4CD5-A958-659510199169" authority="ssp. nov. Jablonski, Ribeiro-Junior, Meiri, Maza, Mikulicek, Jandzik" authorityName="ssp. nov. Jablonski, Ribeiro-Júnior, Meiri, Maza, Mikulíček, Jandzik" class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Pseudopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopus apodus subsp. levantinus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="apodus" subSpecies="levantinus">
Pseudopus apodus levantinus ssp. nov. Jablonski,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ribeiro-Júnior">Ribeiro-Junior</normalizedToken>
, Meiri, Maza,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mikulíček">Mikulicek</normalizedToken>
, Jandzik
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="holotype">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
TAU-R 16895 (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Holotype (TAU 16895) of Pseudopus apodus levantinus ssp. nov. from Giv'at Ada (הדע תעבג), Israel. A - dorsal view, B - ventral view, C - dorsal view of the head, D, E - lateral views, F - ventral view. For details and measurements see Tables S 1, S 2 and S 7." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.71.e60800.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/528419" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">6</figureCitation>
, Table S7), an adult male, collected on the 16th of May, 2014 by Erez Maza, at
<normalizedToken originalValue="Giv’at">Giv'at</normalizedToken>
Ada (גבעת
<normalizedToken originalValue="עדה">עדה</normalizedToken>
), Israel (
<geoCoordinate degrees="32.52" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="32.52">32.52°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="35.01" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="35.01">35.01°E</geoCoordinate>
, Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Habitat of Pseudopus apodus levantinus ssp. nov. at the type locality Giv'at Ada (גבעת עדה) in Israel (photo by Ilana Rosenstein)." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.71.e60800.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/528420" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">7</figureCitation>
). The molecular-genetic data of the holotype are available for
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">ND2</emphasis>
(MW400924), Cyt
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">b</emphasis>
(MW400903), and microsatellites (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Phylogenetic relationships of Pseudopus apodus reconstructed from concatenated and single locus trees of ND 2 &amp; Cyt b sequences and presented as collapsed Bayesian trees (A, C, E) and haplotype networks (B, D, F). The numbers at the tree nodes represent Bayesian Posterior Probabilities / Maximum Likelihood Bootstraps showing branch support (for details see Figures S 1 and S 2). The numbers at the end of main lineages or with haplotypes show the sampling code (DJab acronym) or GenBank numbers (see also Table S 1). Circle sizes in the haplotype networks are proportional to the relative frequency of the haplotypes and small black circles represent the missing haplotypes." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.71.e60800.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/528415" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">2</figureCitation>
, Table S1, S2).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/vz.71.e60800.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/528419" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Figure 6.</emphasis>
Holotype (TAU 16895) of
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Pseudopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopus apodus subsp. levantinus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="apodus" subSpecies="levantinus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Pseudopus apodus levantinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">ssp. nov.</emphasis>
from
<normalizedToken originalValue="Giv’at">Giv'at</normalizedToken>
Ada (הדע
<normalizedToken originalValue="תעבג">תעבג</normalizedToken>
), Israel. A - dorsal view, B - ventral view, C - dorsal view of the head, D, E - lateral views, F - ventral view. For details and measurements see Tables S1, S2 and S7.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/vz.71.e60800.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/528420" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Figure 7.</emphasis>
Habitat of
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Pseudopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopus apodus subsp. levantinus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="apodus" subSpecies="levantinus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Pseudopus apodus levantinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">ssp. nov.</emphasis>
at the type locality
<normalizedToken originalValue="Giv’at">Giv'at</normalizedToken>
Ada (גבעת
<normalizedToken originalValue="עדה">עדה</normalizedToken>
) in Israel (photo by Ilana Rosenstein).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="paratypes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Paratypes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
TAU-R 17076 (MW400927, MW400906), an adult male, collected on 19th May 2014 by Talia Oron, at Biranit (בירנית), Israel (
<geoCoordinate degrees="33.05" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="33.05">33.05°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="35.34" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="35.34">35.34°E</geoCoordinate>
); TAU-R 17235 (MW400928, MW400907), an adult male, collected on 6th May 2015 by Ron Elazari, at Hadera (חֲדֵרָה), Israel (
<geoCoordinate degrees="32.47" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="32.47">32.47°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="34.89" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="34.89">34.89°E</geoCoordinate>
); TAU-R 17895 (MW400930, MW400909), an adult male, collected on 18th April 2016 by Ofer Shimoni, on Mt.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gilboa’">Gilboa'</normalizedToken>
(הר
<normalizedToken originalValue="הגלבוע">הגלבוע</normalizedToken>
), Israel (32.45°N, 35.43°E); TAU-R 19403, an adult male, collected on 16th May 2019 by Amir Arnon, at Ramat HaNadiv (רמת
<normalizedToken originalValue="הנדיב">הנדיב</normalizedToken>
), Israel (
<geoCoordinate degrees="32.55" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="32.55">32.55°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="34.95" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="34.95">34.95°E</geoCoordinate>
) (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Phylogenetic relationships of Pseudopus apodus reconstructed from concatenated and single locus trees of ND 2 &amp; Cyt b sequences and presented as collapsed Bayesian trees (A, C, E) and haplotype networks (B, D, F). The numbers at the tree nodes represent Bayesian Posterior Probabilities / Maximum Likelihood Bootstraps showing branch support (for details see Figures S 1 and S 2). The numbers at the end of main lineages or with haplotypes show the sampling code (DJab acronym) or GenBank numbers (see also Table S 1). Circle sizes in the haplotype networks are proportional to the relative frequency of the haplotypes and small black circles represent the missing haplotypes." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.71.e60800.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/528415" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Paratypes of Pseudopus apodus levantinus ssp. nov. from Israel showing A - dorsal part of the body, B - ventral part of the body, C - dorsal part of the head, D - ventral part of the head. For the locality details and measurements see Tables S 1, S 2, and S 7." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.71.e60800.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/528421" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">8</figureCitation>
, Table S1, S2, S7).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/vz.71.e60800.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/528421" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Figure 8.</emphasis>
Paratypes of
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Pseudopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopus apodus subsp. levantinus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="apodus" subSpecies="levantinus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Pseudopus apodus levantinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">ssp. nov.</emphasis>
from Israel showing A - dorsal part of the body, B - ventral part of the body, C - dorsal part of the head, D - ventral part of the head. For the locality details and measurements see Tables S1, S2, and S7.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
A large
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Pseudopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Pseudopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(up to 610 mm snout-vent length, 1,367 mm total length and a mass of 1,100 g) that can be distinguished from the other two subspecies by a combination of the following characters (means followed by standard deviations; Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="T4" captionText="Table 4. Summary of the variation of the characters in Pseudopus apodus apodus, P. a. thracius, and P. a. levantinus ssp. nov. Counts and measurements (in mm) are presented as minimum-maximum (mean + / - standard deviation); n = total number of specimens studied. Only intact and non-regenerated tails were considered in SCR, TL, and TotL (for details see Table S 4)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/96511053F86F2EE0579555F8D3E0E80E" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" tableUuid="96511053F86F2EE0579555F8D3E0E80E">4</tableCitation>
): (1) preanal scales (PAN) 10; (2) long body (SVL; 490.22 mm
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
76.15); (3) long tail (TL; 600.70 mm
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
107.04); (4) long head (HL1; from the ear aperture to the tip of the snout, 47.6 mm
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
7.99); pileus length (PL; mean 41.98 mm
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
6.78); and distance from the frontal shield to the tip of the snout (FSL; 17.27 mm
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
2.96); (5) wide head (HW1; maximum width, 32.04 mm
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
6.34); and width at the level of the posterior edge of the eyes orbits (HW2; 28.21 mm
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
4.95); (6) relatively long limb rudiments (RL; 5.55 mm
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.53) (see and Tables
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Intercepts (in mm) of the analysis of co-variance (ANCOVA) models with subspecies and sexes main effects and SVL as a covariate (for details see Table S 4)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C9D638465ABA37FD7EB1EF8F66094DFD" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" tableUuid="C9D638465ABA37FD7EB1EF8F66094DFD">3</tableCitation>
and
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="T4" captionText="Table 4. Summary of the variation of the characters in Pseudopus apodus apodus, P. a. thracius, and P. a. levantinus ssp. nov. Counts and measurements (in mm) are presented as minimum-maximum (mean + / - standard deviation); n = total number of specimens studied. Only intact and non-regenerated tails were considered in SCR, TL, and TotL (for details see Table S 4)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/96511053F86F2EE0579555F8D3E0E80E" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" tableUuid="96511053F86F2EE0579555F8D3E0E80E">4</tableCitation>
for comparisons to
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. a. subsp. apodus" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="subSpecies" species="a." subSpecies="apodus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">P. a. apodus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. a. subsp. thracius" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="subSpecies" species="a." subSpecies="thracius">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">P. a. thracius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="comparisons">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Comparisons.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Pseudopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopus apodus subsp. levantinus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="apodus" subSpecies="levantinus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Pseudopus apodus levantinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">ssp. nov.</emphasis>
can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. a. subsp. apodus" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="subSpecies" species="a." subSpecies="apodus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">P. a. apodus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. a. subsp. thracius" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="subSpecies" species="a." subSpecies="thracius">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">P. a. thracius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having 10 preanal scales (PAN) in all morphologically examined specimens (vs. 5-11, with the mean of 8 in
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. a. subsp. apodus" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="subSpecies" species="a." subSpecies="apodus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">P. a. apodus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 5-8 and mean of 6 in
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. a. subsp. thracius" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="subSpecies" species="a." subSpecies="thracius">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">P. a. thracius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Other differences can be used in combination to support differences between
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. a. subsp. levantinus" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="subSpecies" species="a." subSpecies="levantinus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">P. a. levantinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">ssp. nov.</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. a. subsp. apodus" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="subSpecies" species="a." subSpecies="apodus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">P. a. apodus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. a. subsp. thracius" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="subSpecies" species="a." subSpecies="thracius">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">P. a. thracius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: longer body (SVL; 610 mm maximum length and mean of 490.22 mm in
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. a. subsp. levantinus" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="subSpecies" species="a." subSpecies="levantinus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">P. a. levantinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">ssp. nov.</emphasis>
, vs. 487 mm maximum and mean of 387.61 mm in
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. a. subsp. apodus" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="subSpecies" species="a." subSpecies="apodus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">P. a. apodus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 410 mm maximum and mean of 360.06 mm in
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. a. subsp. thracius" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="subSpecies" species="a." subSpecies="thracius">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">P. a. thracius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); longer distance between the ear aperture and the tip of the snout (HL1; 63.75 mm maximum length and mean of 47.60 in
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. a. subsp. levantinus" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="subSpecies" species="a." subSpecies="levantinus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">P. a. levantinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">ssp. nov.</emphasis>
, vs. 58 mm maximum and mean of 38.61 mm in
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. a. subsp. apodus" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="subSpecies" species="a." subSpecies="apodus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">P. a. apodus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 49.50 maximum and mean of 39.55 mm in
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. a. subsp. thracius" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="subSpecies" species="a." subSpecies="thracius">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">P. a. thracius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); longer pileus (PL; 54.79 mm maximum length and mean of 41.98 in
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. a. subsp. levantinus" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="subSpecies" species="a." subSpecies="levantinus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">P. a. levantinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">ssp. nov.</emphasis>
, vs. 46.30 mm maximum and mean of 35.82 mm in
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. a. subsp. apodus" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="subSpecies" species="a." subSpecies="apodus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">P. a. apodus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 28.80 mm maximum and mean of 36.93 mm in
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. a. subsp. thracius" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="subSpecies" species="a." subSpecies="thracius">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">P. a. thracius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); longer distance between the anterior frontal scale to the tip of snout (FSL; 23.39 mm maximum length and mean of 17.27 mm in
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. a. subsp. levantinus" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="subSpecies" species="a." subSpecies="levantinus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">P. a. levantinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">ssp. nov.</emphasis>
, vs. 18 mm maximum and mean of 13.90 mm in
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. a. subsp. apodus" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="subSpecies" species="a." subSpecies="apodus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">P. a. apodus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 15.98 mm maximum and mean of 12.58 mm in
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. a. subsp. thracius" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="subSpecies" species="a." subSpecies="thracius">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">P. a. thracius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); wider head (HW1; 44.90 mm maximum width and mean of 32.04 mm in
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. a. subsp. levantinus" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="subSpecies" species="a." subSpecies="levantinus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">P. a. levantinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">ssp. nov.</emphasis>
, vs. 36.5 mm maximum and mean of 24.47 mm in
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. a. subsp. apodus" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="subSpecies" species="a." subSpecies="apodus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">P. a. apodus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 29.50 mm maximum and mean of 24.35 mm in
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. a. subsp. thracius" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="subSpecies" species="a." subSpecies="thracius">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">P. a. thracius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); wider distance between the posterior edge of the orbits (HW2; 39.33 mm maximum width and mean of 28.21 mm in
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. a. subsp. levantinus" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="subSpecies" species="a." subSpecies="levantinus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">P. a. levantinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">ssp. nov.</emphasis>
, vs. 28.76 mm maximum and mean of 19.44 mm in
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. a. subsp. apodus" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="subSpecies" species="a." subSpecies="apodus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">P. a. apodus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 26.30 mm maximum and mean of 22.33 mm in
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. a. subsp. thracius" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="subSpecies" species="a." subSpecies="thracius">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">P. a. thracius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); and longer limb rudiments (RL; 8.56 mm maximum length and mean of 5.55 mm in
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. a. subsp. levantinus" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="subSpecies" species="a." subSpecies="levantinus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">P. a. levantinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">ssp. nov.</emphasis>
, vs. 6.55 mm maximum and mean of 3.5 mm in
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. a. subsp. apodus" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="subSpecies" species="a." subSpecies="apodus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">P. a. apodus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 4.8 mm maximum and mean of 3.31 mm in
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. a. subsp. thracius" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="subSpecies" species="a." subSpecies="thracius">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">P. a. thracius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The remaining differences are presented in Tables
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Intercepts (in mm) of the analysis of co-variance (ANCOVA) models with subspecies and sexes main effects and SVL as a covariate (for details see Table S 4)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C9D638465ABA37FD7EB1EF8F66094DFD" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" tableUuid="C9D638465ABA37FD7EB1EF8F66094DFD">3</tableCitation>
-
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="T4" captionText="Table 4. Summary of the variation of the characters in Pseudopus apodus apodus, P. a. thracius, and P. a. levantinus ssp. nov. Counts and measurements (in mm) are presented as minimum-maximum (mean + / - standard deviation); n = total number of specimens studied. Only intact and non-regenerated tails were considered in SCR, TL, and TotL (for details see Table S 4)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/96511053F86F2EE0579555F8D3E0E80E" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" tableUuid="96511053F86F2EE0579555F8D3E0E80E">4</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Description of the holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
An adult male (TAU 16895; Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Holotype (TAU 16895) of Pseudopus apodus levantinus ssp. nov. from Giv'at Ada (הדע תעבג), Israel. A - dorsal view, B - ventral view, C - dorsal view of the head, D, E - lateral views, F - ventral view. For details and measurements see Tables S 1, S 2 and S 7." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.71.e60800.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/528419" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">6</figureCitation>
, Table S7), specimen in a good state of preservation in 70% ethanol, midbody oval, and robust. All measurements of the holotype were taken post-preservation. Snout-vent length 532 mm, tail length 602 mm, weight 900 g. The number of transversal dorsal scale rows at midbody 12 (DST), the number of transversal ventral scale rows 10 (VST). Head large, length (HL1) 59.01 mm, clearly distinct from the neck. The pileus length is 50.52 mm, maximum head width 42.25 mm. The right part of the mouth is slightly open. The number of supralabials on both parts of the head is 11. Head and body scales smooth. Slightly keeled scales are visible on the ventral part of the tail. Rostral curved toward the top of the head. Frontal scale well visible and big with the length 17.73 mm and width 13.15 mm. Eyes oval, both closed. The ear and nose openings are visible. The hind limb rudiments are well visible with a length 7.42 mm. The complete tail is clearly differentiated from the body by the cloacal opening and 10 preanal scales on the ventral side. There are 154 subcaudal scale rows (SCR) overall, which is very similar to the specimens with regenerated tails. It has 106 longitudinal dorsal scale rows (DSL), and 121 ventral longitudinal scale rows (VSL).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">The coloration of the holotype in life was not recorded. The coloration of the holotype in preservative is brownish or slightly orange with some of the scales on the body that have darker coloration creates an impression of tiny dark spots on the body. The head is lighter than the body, which is especially apparent on its dorsal side. The dorsal side of the body is light brown to gray, again with the impression of darker spots on the tail.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="variation">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Variation.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
Details on variation among the type specimens of
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. a. subsp. levantinus" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="subSpecies" species="a." subSpecies="levantinus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">P. a. levantinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">ssp. nov.</emphasis>
are presented in Table S7. The overall morphology and coloration of the paratypes (TAU 17076, 17235, 17895) are very similar to that of the holotype; TAU 19403 was recently collected and has an evident dark-brown coloration pattern (TAU 19403, Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Paratypes of Pseudopus apodus levantinus ssp. nov. from Israel showing A - dorsal part of the body, B - ventral part of the body, C - dorsal part of the head, D - ventral part of the head. For the locality details and measurements see Tables S 1, S 2, and S 7." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.71.e60800.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/528421" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">8</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
No name is available for the glass lizards from the Levantine region. We hence suggest a new name,
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Pseudopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopus apodus subsp. levantinus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="apodus" subSpecies="levantinus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Pseudopus apodus levantinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as a reference to the isolated and allopatric distribution of this subspecies exclusively in the Levant region. This region covers present-day (western) Syria, Lebanon, (north-western) Jordan, Israel, West Bank, Cyprus, and most of Turkey south-east of the middle Euphrates, which is almost identical to the known distribution range of the new subspecies. The term
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Levant”">&quot;Levant&quot;</normalizedToken>
is derived from the Italian
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Levante”">&quot;Levante&quot;</normalizedToken>
, meaning
<normalizedToken originalValue="“rising”">&quot;rising&quot;</normalizedToken>
and implying the rising of the Sun in the east as an equivalent to the Arabic
<normalizedToken originalValue="“al-Mashriq”">&quot;al-Mashriq&quot;</normalizedToken>
(المشـرق) and the Hebrew
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Mizrāḥ”">&quot;Mizraḥ&quot;</normalizedToken>
((מִזְרָחboth meaning
<normalizedToken originalValue="“east”">&quot;east&quot;</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
According to the genetic data,
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. a. subsp. levantinus" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="subSpecies" species="a." subSpecies="levantinus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">P. a. levantinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">ssp. nov.</emphasis>
occurs in southern Turkey, western Syria, northern and central Israel (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12256" author="Jandzik, D" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="21 - 32" refId="B40" refString="Jandzik, D, Jablonski, D, Zinenko, O, Kukushkin, OV, Moravec, J, Gvozdik, V, 2018. Pleistocene extinctions and recent expansions in an anguid lizard of the genus Pseudopus. Zoologica Scripta 47: 21 - 32, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12256" title="Pleistocene extinctions and recent expansions in an anguid lizard of the genus Pseudopus." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12256" volume="47" year="2018">Jandzik et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
; this study). Based on the published distribution data, the new subspecies could also be expected in the Mediterranean regions of Lebanon and north-western Jordan (In den Bosch et al. 1998;
<bibRefCitation author="Disi, AM" journalOrPublisher="Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" refId="B12" refString="Disi, AM, Modry, D, Necas, P, Rifai, L, 2001. Amphibians and reptiles of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan: An Atlas and Field Guide. Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main" title="Amphibians and reptiles of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan: An Atlas and Field Guide." year="2001">Disi et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2002.10637939" author="Hraoui-Bloquet, S" journalOrPublisher="Zoology in the Middle East" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="35 - 46" refId="B32" refString="Hraoui-Bloquet, S, Sadek, RA, Sindaco, R, Venchi, A, 2002. The herpetofauna of Lebanon: new data on distribution. Zoology in the Middle East 27: 35 - 46, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2002.10637939" title="The herpetofauna of Lebanon: new data on distribution." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2002.10637939" volume="27" year="2002">Hraoui-Bloquet et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Rifai, L" journalOrPublisher="Herpetozoa" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="133 - 140" refId="B76" refString="Rifai, L, Baker, MA, Al Shafei, D, Disi, A, Mahasneh, A, Amr, Z, 2005. Pseudopus apodus (Pallas, 1775) from Jordan, with notes on its ecology (Squamata: Sauria: Anguidae). Herpetozoa 18: 133 - 140" title="Pseudopus apodus (Pallas, 1775) from Jordan, with notes on its ecology (Squamata: Sauria: Anguidae)." volume="18" year="2005">Rifai et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
; Sindaco and Jeremcenko 2008), although we did not examine specimens from these regions. We therefore hypothesize that it ranges from southern Turkey (Hatay province) to central Israel (throughout the Mediterranean zone but excluding the deserts to the south and east; Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Maps showing the localities and sampling numbers related to the collection with DJab acronym or GenBank number (see Table S 1) of the genetically investigated populations of Pseudopus apodus levantinus ssp. nov. (ND 2 &amp; Cyt b) in the Levant with the haplotype networks for each DNA marker. Circle sizes in the haplotype networks are proportional to the relative frequency of haplotypes and small black circles represent missing haplotypes. The expected distribution range (orange) of the Levantine subspecies (see also Figure S 4) follows Sindaco and Jeremcenko (2008) and Jandzik et al. (2018)." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.71.e60800.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/528416" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">3</figureCitation>
and S4b). Its northern distribution edge is presumably south of the Nur Mountains, the biogeographic barrier for the split between Anatolian and Levantine populations of other species (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1163/15685381-00002911" author="Jandzik, D" journalOrPublisher="Amphibia-Reptilia" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="579 - 584" refId="B39" refString="Jandzik, D, Avci, A, Gvozdik, V, 2013. Incongruence between taxonomy and genetics: three divergent lineages within two subspecies of the rare Transcaucasian rat snake (Zamenis hohenackeri). Amphibia-Reptilia 34: 579 - 584, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/15685381-00002911" title="Incongruence between taxonomy and genetics: three divergent lineages within two subspecies of the rare Transcaucasian rat snake (Zamenis hohenackeri)." url="https://doi.org/10.1163/15685381-00002911" volume="34" year="2013">Jandzik et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.05.002" author="Tamar, K" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="86 - 97" refId="B91" refString="Tamar, K, Carranza, S, in den Bosch, H, Sindaco, R, Moravec, J, Meiri, S, 2015. Hidden relationships and genetic diversity: Molecular phylogeny and phylogeography of the Levantine lizards of the genus Phoenicolacerta (Squamata: Lacertidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 91: 86 - 97, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.05.002" title="Hidden relationships and genetic diversity: Molecular phylogeny and phylogeography of the Levantine lizards of the genus Phoenicolacerta (Squamata: Lacertidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.05.002" volume="91" year="2015">Tamar et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2019.1604471" author="Jablonski, D" journalOrPublisher="Zoology in the Middle East" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="208 - 214" refId="B38" refString="Jablonski, D, Sadek, RA, 2019. The species identity and biogeography of Blanus (Amphisbaenia: Blanidae) in Lebanon. Zoology in the Middle East 65: 208 - 214, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2019.1604471" title="The species identity and biogeography of Blanus (Amphisbaenia: Blanidae) in Lebanon." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2019.1604471" volume="65" year="2019">Jablonski and Sadek 2019</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa151" author="Smid, J" journalOrPublisher="Global Ecology and Biogeography" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" refId="B87" refString="Smid, J, Aghova, T, Velenska, D, Moravec, J, Balej, P, Naumov, B, Popgeorgiev, G, Uezum, N, Avci, A, Jablonski, D, 2021. Quaternary range dynamics and taxonomy of the Mediterranean collared dwarf racer, Platyceps collaris (Squamata: Colubridae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa151" title="Quaternary range dynamics and taxonomy of the Mediterranean collared dwarf racer, Platyceps collaris (Squamata: Colubridae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa151" year="2021">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Šmíd">Smid</normalizedToken>
et al. 2021
</bibRefCitation>
). This, however, needs further investigation as there is a possibility that the new subspecies could be found further north in Mersin or Adana provinces (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Geographic distribution of the samples and specimens used in the molecular-phylogenetic (A, B) and morphological analyses (C). Some specimens used in morphological analyses were from unknown localities, so those are not indicated in the map. Color scheme corresponds with the one used in Fig. 2 and follows Jandzik et al. (2018). For more details on samples, specimens, and localities, refer to Tables S 1 - 3. The distribution range follows Sindaco and Jeremcenko (2008) and Jandzik et al. (2018). The pictured individuals represent currently recognized subspecies originating from (left to right) Lefkimi, Greece (P. a. thracius), Hirbat Tzura, Israel (P. a. levantinus ssp. nov.), and Tyolyok, Kyrgyzstan (P. a. apodus). Photos by Daniel Jablonski and David David." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.71.e60800.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/528414" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">1</figureCitation>
, S4 and
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/09397140.1988.10637559" author="Baran, I" journalOrPublisher="Zoology in the Middle East" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="67 - 62" refId="B6" refString="Baran, I, Kasparek, M, Oez, M, 1988. On the distribution of the Slow Worm, Anguis fragilis, and the European Glas Lizard, Ophisaurus apodus, in Turkey. Zoology in the Middle East 2: 67 - 62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09397140.1988.10637559" title="On the distribution of the Slow Worm, Anguis fragilis, and the European Glas Lizard, Ophisaurus apodus, in Turkey." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/09397140.1988.10637559" volume="2" year="1988">Baran et al. 1988</bibRefCitation>
; Sindaco and Jeremcenko 2008; see also
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4471.1.6" author="Hofmann, S" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="137 - 153" refId="B30" refString="Hofmann, S, Mebert, K, Schulz, K-D, Helfenberger, N, Goecmen, B, Boehme, W, 2018. A new subspecies of Zamenis hohenackeri (Strauch, 1873) (Serpentes: Colubridae) based on morphological and molecular data. Zootaxa 4471: 137 - 153, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4471.1.6" title="A new subspecies of Zamenis hohenackeri (Strauch, 1873) (Serpentes: Colubridae) based on morphological and molecular data." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4471.1.6" volume="4471" year="2018">Hofmann et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
). The southern limit of the subspecies range is near the border of the Negev desert, around Lahav (
<geoCoordinate degrees="31.38" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="31.38">31.38°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="34.87" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="34.87">34.87°E</geoCoordinate>
), and Kisufim (
<geoCoordinate degrees="31.37" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="31.37">31.37°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="34.40" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="34.4">34.40°E</geoCoordinate>
) in Israel, and Dhibam (
<geoCoordinate degrees="31.47" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="31.47">31.47°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="35.80" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="35.8">35.80°E</geoCoordinate>
) in Jordan (Fig. S4;
<bibRefCitation author="Disi, AM" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Ecology" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" refId="B11" refString="Disi, AM, Amr, ZS, 1998. Distribution and ecology of lizards in Jordan (Reptilia: Sauria). In: FritzUObstFJAndreasB (Eds) Beitraege zu einer Herpetofauna Arabica. Faunistische Abhandlungen, Staatliches Museum fuer Tierkunde Dresden, Supplement, Contributions to a &quot;Herpetologia Arabica&quot;, 21, Suppl.6: 43-66." title="Distribution and ecology of lizards in Jordan (Reptilia: Sauria). In: FritzUObstFJAndreasB (Eds) Beitraege zu einer Herpetofauna Arabica. Faunistische Abhandlungen, Staatliches Museum fuer Tierkunde Dresden, Supplement, Contributions to a &quot; Herpetologia Arabica &quot;, 21, Suppl. 6: 43 - 66." year="1998">Disi and Amr 1998</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-017-0332-2" author="Roll, U" journalOrPublisher="Nature Ecology &amp; Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="1677 - 1682" refId="B77" refString="Roll, U, Feldman, A, Novosolov, M, Allison, A, Bauer, AM, Bernard, R, Boehm, M, Castro-Herrera, F, Chirio, L, Collen, B, Colli, GR, Dabool, L, Das, I, Doan, TM, Grismer, LL, Hoogmoed, M, Itescu, Y, Kraus, F, LeBreton, M, Lewin, A, Martins, M, Maza, E, Meirte, D, Nagy, ZT, Nogueira, CC, Pauwels, OSG, Pincheira-Donoso, D, Powney, GD, Sindaco, R, Tallowin, OJS, Torres-Carvajal, O, Trape, J-F, Vidan, E, Uetz, P, Wagner, P, Wang, Y, Orme, CDL, Grenyer, R, Meiri, S, 2017. The global distribution of tetrapods reveals a need for targeted reptile conservation. Nature Ecology &amp; Evolution 1: 1677 - 1682, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-017-0332-2" title="The global distribution of tetrapods reveals a need for targeted reptile conservation." url="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-017-0332-2" volume="1" year="2017">Roll et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
, the Steinhardt Museum records).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Habitat and ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
The new subspecies is known in Mediterranean habitats of the Levant (see the type locality Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Habitat of Pseudopus apodus levantinus ssp. nov. at the type locality Giv'at Ada (גבעת עדה) in Israel (photo by Ilana Rosenstein)." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.71.e60800.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/528420" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">7</figureCitation>
), preferring relatively well-shaded light woodlands (maquis and garrigue), dry and warm hillsides, stream banks, and agricultural fields. It is found from ~50 m below sea level (in Hefzibah, Israel;
<geoCoordinate degrees="32.52" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="32.52">32.52°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="35.42" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="35.42">35.42°E</geoCoordinate>
) to the hilly sub-mountain areas in Israel, Lebanon, Syria, and Turkey (elevation maximum ~1000 m; In den Bosch et al. 1998;
<bibRefCitation author="Disi, AM" journalOrPublisher="Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" refId="B12" refString="Disi, AM, Modry, D, Necas, P, Rifai, L, 2001. Amphibians and reptiles of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan: An Atlas and Field Guide. Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main" title="Amphibians and reptiles of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan: An Atlas and Field Guide." year="2001">Disi et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Rifai, L" journalOrPublisher="Herpetozoa" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="133 - 140" refId="B76" refString="Rifai, L, Baker, MA, Al Shafei, D, Disi, A, Mahasneh, A, Amr, Z, 2005. Pseudopus apodus (Pallas, 1775) from Jordan, with notes on its ecology (Squamata: Sauria: Anguidae). Herpetozoa 18: 133 - 140" title="Pseudopus apodus (Pallas, 1775) from Jordan, with notes on its ecology (Squamata: Sauria: Anguidae)." volume="18" year="2005">Rifai et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Werner, YL" journalOrPublisher="Frankfurt am Main, Edition Chimaira" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" refId="B95" refString="Werner, YL, 2016. Reptile life in the Land of Israel. Frankfurt am Main, Edition Chimaira" title="Reptile life in the Land of Israel." year="2016">Werner 2016</bibRefCitation>
; the Steinhardt Museum records).
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Pseudopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopus a. subsp. levantinus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="a." subSpecies="levantinus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Pseudopus a. levantinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">ssp. nov.</emphasis>
is a leaf-litter diurnal carnivore (Bar and Haimovich 2012). It is oviparous and females typically lay a single clutch comprised of 3-12 eggs (data from the records of the Zoological Research Garden, Tel Aviv University). Its habitat characteristics, ecology, and diet were studied in Jordan and presented by
<bibRefCitation author="Rifai, L" journalOrPublisher="Herpetozoa" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="133 - 140" refId="B76" refString="Rifai, L, Baker, MA, Al Shafei, D, Disi, A, Mahasneh, A, Amr, Z, 2005. Pseudopus apodus (Pallas, 1775) from Jordan, with notes on its ecology (Squamata: Sauria: Anguidae). Herpetozoa 18: 133 - 140" title="Pseudopus apodus (Pallas, 1775) from Jordan, with notes on its ecology (Squamata: Sauria: Anguidae)." volume="18" year="2005">Rifai et al. (2005)</bibRefCitation>
, however data from other countries (see Distribution) are scarce (see
<bibRefCitation author="Arbel, A" journalOrPublisher="Ministry of Defense Press, Tel-Aviv" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" refId="B3" refString="Arbel, A, 1984. Reptiles and Amphibians. In: Alon A (Ed.) Encyclopedia of plants and animals of the land of Israel. Ministry of Defense Press, Tel-Aviv" title="Reptiles and Amphibians. In: Alon A (Ed.) Encyclopedia of plants and animals of the land of Israel." year="1984">Arbel 1984</bibRefCitation>
; In den Bosch et al. 1998;
<bibRefCitation author="Bouskila, A" journalOrPublisher="Keter Publishing House, Jerusalem" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" refId="B8" refString="Bouskila, A, Amitai, P, 2001. Handbook of amphibians &amp; reptiles of Israel. Keter Publishing House, Jerusalem" title="Handbook of amphibians &amp; reptiles of Israel." year="2001">Bouskila and Amitai 2001</bibRefCitation>
; Bar and Haimovich 2012;
<bibRefCitation author="Werner, YL" journalOrPublisher="Frankfurt am Main, Edition Chimaira" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" refId="B95" refString="Werner, YL, 2016. Reptile life in the Land of Israel. Frankfurt am Main, Edition Chimaira" title="Reptile life in the Land of Israel." year="2016">Werner 2016</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="diversity">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Diversity.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
The specimens analyzed in this study showed certain variation in both genetic and morphological markers. Some intra-lineage variation in
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. a. subsp. levantinus" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="subSpecies" species="a." subSpecies="levantinus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">P. a. levantinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">ssp. nov.</emphasis>
can be found in
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">ND2</emphasis>
and Cyt
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">b</emphasis>
sequences as well as in microsatellites (see details in the Results). The haplotype pattern of nuclear genes
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">PRLR</emphasis>
and
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">RAG1</emphasis>
indicates incomplete lineage sorting among all three subspecies, with one recorded heterozygote of
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. a. subsp. levantinus" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="subSpecies" species="a." subSpecies="levantinus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">P. a. levantinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">ssp. nov.</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12256" author="Jandzik, D" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="21 - 32" refId="B40" refString="Jandzik, D, Jablonski, D, Zinenko, O, Kukushkin, OV, Moravec, J, Gvozdik, V, 2018. Pleistocene extinctions and recent expansions in an anguid lizard of the genus Pseudopus. Zoologica Scripta 47: 21 - 32, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12256" title="Pleistocene extinctions and recent expansions in an anguid lizard of the genus Pseudopus." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12256" volume="47" year="2018">Jandzik et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
). The calculated genetic distances among the three main mtDNA lineages (~2.6-4.0%) and the estimated time of divergence in
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Pseudopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Pseudopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mostly based on the nuclear loci (~8 to 3 Mya) support the subspecies status of the Levantine population (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12256" author="Jandzik, D" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="21 - 32" refId="B40" refString="Jandzik, D, Jablonski, D, Zinenko, O, Kukushkin, OV, Moravec, J, Gvozdik, V, 2018. Pleistocene extinctions and recent expansions in an anguid lizard of the genus Pseudopus. Zoologica Scripta 47: 21 - 32, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12256" title="Pleistocene extinctions and recent expansions in an anguid lizard of the genus Pseudopus." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12256" volume="47" year="2018">Jandzik et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.12.022" author="Lavin, BR" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="128 - 140" refId="B51" refString="Lavin, BR, Girman, DJ, 2019. Phylogenetic relationships and divergence dating in the Glass Lizards (Anguidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 133: 128 - 140, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.12.022" title="Phylogenetic relationships and divergence dating in the Glass Lizards (Anguidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.12.022" volume="133" year="2019">Lavin and Girman 2019</bibRefCitation>
). This is in accordance with subspecific taxonomy of the closely related species
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Nordmann" baseAuthorityYear="1840" class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Anguis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anguis colchica" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colchica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Anguis colchica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(approx. split between 2.8-2.5 Mya, genetic distances ~3.1-4.7% among defined subspecies/lineages based on
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">ND2</emphasis>
mtDNA fragment;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2010.01.007" author="Gvozdik, V" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="460 - 472" refId="B28" refString="Gvozdik, V, Jandzik, D, Lymberakis, P, Jablonski, D., Moravec, J., 2010. Slow Worm, Anguis fragilis (Reptilia: Anguidae) as a species complex: Genetic structure reveals deep divergences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 55: 460 - 472, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2010.01.007" title="Slow Worm, Anguis fragilis (Reptilia: Anguidae) as a species complex: Genetic structure reveals deep divergences." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2010.01.007" volume="55" year="2010">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gvoždík">Gvozdik</normalizedToken>
et al. 2010
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-016-0669-1" author="Jablonski, D" journalOrPublisher="Spixiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" refId="B36" refString="Jablonski, D, Jandzik, D, Mikulicek, P, Dzukic, G, Ljubisavljevic, K, Tzankov, N, Jelic, D, Thanou, E, Moravec, J, Gvozdik, V, 2016. Contrasting evolutionary histories of the legless lizards slow worms (Anguis) shaped by the topography of the Balkan Peninsula. BMC Evolutionary Biology 16: 99. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-016-0669-1" title="Contrasting evolutionary histories of the legless lizards slow worms (Anguis) shaped by the topography of the Balkan Peninsula. BMC Evolutionary Biology 16: 99." url="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-016-0669-1" year="2016">Jablonski et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
), while the genetic distance among the
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Anguis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anguis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Anguis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species are significantly higher (7.0% between
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. fragilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="fragilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">A. fragilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. colchica" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="colchica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">A. colchica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and even 9.2% between
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. fragilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="fragilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">A. fragilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. veronensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="veronensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">A. veronensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2013.05.004" author="Gvozdik, V" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="1077 - 1092" refId="B27" refString="Gvozdik, V, Benkovsky, N, Crottini, A, Bellati, A, Moravec, J, Romano, A, Sacchi, R, Jandzik, D, 2013. An ancient lineage of slow worms, genus Anguis (Squamata: Anguidae), survived in the Italian Peninsula. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 69: 1077 - 1092, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2013.05.004" title="An ancient lineage of slow worms, genus Anguis (Squamata: Anguidae), survived in the Italian Peninsula." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2013.05.004" volume="69" year="2013">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gvoždík">Gvozdik</normalizedToken>
et al. 2013
</bibRefCitation>
). We also recorded some variation in the measurements and coloration both among the three subspecies (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the examined phenotypic characters among the adult specimens of Pseudopus apodus apodus (red dots), P. a. thracius (blue dots), and P. a. levantinus ssp. nov. (yellow dots): A - adult females and males together, B - females only, C - males only. The oval outlines correspond to 95 % confidence intervals. For A, PC 1 explains 98.7 % of variance, PC 2 0.59 %; for B, PC 1 explains 98.9 % of variance, PC 2 0.45 %; for C, PC 1 explains 98.6 %, PC 2 0.59 % (see details in Table S 5), respectively." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.71.e60800.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/528418" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Color and pattern variation in the Pseudopus apodus subspecies: A - adult male of P. a. apodus in a typical steppe habitat from Samarkand, Uzbekistan (photo by Daniel Jablonski). B - juvenile individual of P. a. apodus from Kyz-Kermen, Bakhchisarayi, Crimea (photo by Oleg V. Kukushkin). C - adult female of P. a. thracius from Dadia, Greece (photo by D. Jablonski). D - juvenile individual of P. a. thracius from National Park Paklenica, Croatia (photo by D. Jablonski). E - adult female of P. a. levantinus ssp. nov. from Antakya, Turkey (photo by David Jandzik). F - juvenile individual of P. a. levantinus ssp. nov. from Ness Ziyona, Israel (photo by David David)." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.71.e60800.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/528422" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">9</figureCitation>
) and within
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. a. subsp. levantinus" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="subSpecies" species="a." subSpecies="levantinus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">P. a. levantinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">ssp. nov.</emphasis>
Males of
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. a. subsp. levantinus" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="subSpecies" species="a." subSpecies="levantinus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">P. a. levantinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">ssp. nov.</emphasis>
differ from females by having relatively wider heads (HW1-3, SW, IWM; Table S6). The coloration of this subspecies is similar to the nominotypic subspecies (
<bibRefCitation author="Rifai, L" journalOrPublisher="Herpetozoa" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="133 - 140" refId="B76" refString="Rifai, L, Baker, MA, Al Shafei, D, Disi, A, Mahasneh, A, Amr, Z, 2005. Pseudopus apodus (Pallas, 1775) from Jordan, with notes on its ecology (Squamata: Sauria: Anguidae). Herpetozoa 18: 133 - 140" title="Pseudopus apodus (Pallas, 1775) from Jordan, with notes on its ecology (Squamata: Sauria: Anguidae)." volume="18" year="2005">Rifai et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
) but more data are needed to allow for drawing any more robust conclusions. A melanistic individual has been recorded in the Levantine population (
<bibRefCitation author="Jablonski, D" journalOrPublisher="Spixiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="155 - 156" refId="B35" refString="Jablonski, D, Avraham, N, 2018. Markedly dark coloration in a Pallas' glass lizard, Pseudopus apodus (Reptilia: Anguidae). Spixiana 41: 155 - 156" title="Markedly dark coloration in a Pallas' glass lizard, Pseudopus apodus (Reptilia: Anguidae)." volume="41" year="2018">Jablonski and Avraham 2018</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/vz.71.e60800.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/528422" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Figure 9.</emphasis>
Color and pattern variation in the
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1775" class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Pseudopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopus apodus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="apodus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Pseudopus apodus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subspecies: A - adult male of
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. a. subsp. apodus" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="subSpecies" species="a." subSpecies="apodus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">P. a. apodus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in a typical steppe habitat from Samarkand, Uzbekistan (photo by Daniel Jablonski). B - juvenile individual of
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. a. subsp. apodus" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="subSpecies" species="a." subSpecies="apodus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">P. a. apodus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Kyz-Kermen, Bakhchisarayi, Crimea (photo by Oleg V. Kukushkin). C - adult female of
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. a. subsp. thracius" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="subSpecies" species="a." subSpecies="thracius">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">P. a. thracius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Dadia, Greece (photo by D. Jablonski). D - juvenile individual of
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. a. subsp. thracius" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="subSpecies" species="a." subSpecies="thracius">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">P. a. thracius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from National Park Paklenica, Croatia (photo by D. Jablonski). E - adult female of
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. a. subsp. levantinus" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="subSpecies" species="a." subSpecies="levantinus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">P. a. levantinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">ssp. nov.</emphasis>
from Antakya, Turkey (photo by David Jandzik). F - juvenile individual of
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. a. subsp. levantinus" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="subSpecies" species="a." subSpecies="levantinus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">P. a. levantinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">ssp. nov.</emphasis>
from Ness Ziyona, Israel (photo by David David).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="conservation">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Conservation.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
Based on the data presented here, the distribution range of
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. a. subsp. levantinus" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="subSpecies" species="a." subSpecies="levantinus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">P. a. levantinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">ssp. nov.</emphasis>
covers approximately 30,000 km2. Together with human overpopulation and accelerated development in the Mediterranean parts of the Levant, high traffic density (most individuals nowadays brought to the Steinhardt Museum of Natural History in Tel Aviv are road-kills), development of mass tourism, extensive use of pesticides in the agricultural areas, proliferation of human commensals such as domestic cats, cattle egrets, dogs, rats, and golden jackals, and challenging political situation have potential to worsen the conservation status of this endemic subspecies. Pending a formal assessment, we preliminary recommend the IUCN category of Vulnerable (VU) based on the criteria A2c,e and strongly encourage further surveys benefiting from international collaboration allowing to open a dialogue across the conflict zones (e.g. EcoPeace Middle East, http://ecopeaceme.org;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2017.02.018" author="Roulin, A" journalOrPublisher="Trends in Ecology and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="305 - 310" refId="B79" refString="Roulin, A, Rashid, A, Spiegel, B, Charter, M, Dreiss, AN, Leshem, Y, 2017. 'Nature knows no boundaries': the role of nature conservation in peacebuilding. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 32: 305 - 310, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2017.02.018" title="' Nature knows no boundaries': the role of nature conservation in peacebuilding." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2017.02.018" volume="32" year="2017">Roulin et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
). Interestingly, recent data suggest that populations of
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. apodus" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="apodus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">P. apodus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Levant were likely a part of modern human diet for millennia (Natufian culture, around 13,050 to 7,550 BC), which provides a rare piece of evidence of a long-term civilization pressure on the local biota (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-66301-5" author="Lev, M" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" refId="B52" refString="Lev, M, Weinstein-Evron, M, Yeshurun, R, 2020. Squamate bone taphonomy: A new experimental framework and its application to the Natufian zooarchaeological record. Scintific Reports 10: 9373. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-66301-5" title="Squamate bone taphonomy: A new experimental framework and its application to the Natufian zooarchaeological record. Scintific Reports 10: 9373." url="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-66301-5" year="2020">Lev et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

93
data/3C/7C/57/3C7C576DF36C037C543641EFA533D50E.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
<document ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4364142" ID-GBIF-Dataset="22ec14b4-267f-49d1-817a-48cef762eec7" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164006794" ID-ISBN="978-0-9506207-7-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4364142" checkinTime="1588973491787" checkinUser="admin" docAuthor="Jarvis, Charlie" docDate="2007" docId="3C7C576DF36C037C543641EFA533D50E" docLanguage="en" docName="ch7.gg.H.xml" docOrigin="Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London: Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum" docTitle="Hypericum mutilum Linnaeus 1753" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="583" masterDocId="0E30AA445A02155928C94664989A2042" masterDocTitle="Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part H)" masterLastPageNumber="585" masterPageNumber="557" pageNumber="583" updateTime="1642016471121" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part H)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Jarvis, Charlie</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, UK</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:originInfo>
<mods:dateIssued>2007</mods:dateIssued>
<mods:publisher>Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum</mods:publisher>
<mods:place>
<mods:placeTerm>London</mods:placeTerm>
</mods:place>
</mods:originInfo>
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>557</mods:start>
<mods:end>585</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.291971</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-0-9506207-7-0</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">291971</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4364142" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164006794" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4364142" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3C7C576DF36C037C543641EFA533D50E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3C7C576DF36C037C543641EFA533D50E" lastPageNumber="583" pageNumber="583">
<subSubSection pageNumber="583" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageNumber="583">
<bibCitation author="Linnaeus" pagination="787" title="Hypericum mutilum" volumeTitle="Species Plantarum 2" year="1753">
<treatmentCitation author="Linnaeus" pageNumber="787" year="1753">
<taxonomicName authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hypericaceae" genus="Hypericum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mutilum">
<emphasis bold="true" pageNumber="583">Hypericum mutilum</emphasis>
Linnaeus
</taxonomicName>
,
<volumeTitle>
<emphasis italics="true" pageNumber="583">Species Plantarum</emphasis>
2
</volumeTitle>
: 787. 1753
</treatmentCitation>
</bibCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageNumber="583" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageNumber="583">&quot;Habitat in Virginia, Canada.&quot; RCN: 5770.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageNumber="583" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageNumber="583">
<typeStatus>Lectotype</typeStatus>
(Fernald in
<emphasis italics="true" pageNumber="583">Rhodora</emphasis>
41: 549. 1939):
<emphasis italics="true" pageNumber="583">Clayton 232</emphasis>
(BM-000042223;
<typeStatus>iso-</typeStatus>
BM).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageNumber="583" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageNumber="583">
Current name:
<taxonomicName authority="L." authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hypericaceae" genus="Hypericum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mutilum">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageNumber="583">Hypericum mutilum</emphasis>
L.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Clusiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Clusiaceae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageNumber="583" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageNumber="583">
<emphasis italics="true" pageNumber="583">Note:</emphasis>
See notes by Reveal &amp; al. (in
<emphasis italics="true" pageNumber="583">Huntia</emphasis>
7: 226. 1987).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

1509
data/3C/7C/6B/3C7C6B62F27D5044A8AA3EAF06F732A6.xml Normal file
View file

File diff suppressed because it is too large Load diff