From ae7e725d0e1d53471dc2ac192cec699236db1d64 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ggserver Date: Fri, 22 Nov 2024 17:22:30 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Add updates up until 2024-11-22 17:16:22 --- .../E9/0384E974FF8B9645FDBFFCCBFC39920E.xml | 438 ++++++----- .../E9/0384E974FF8D964BFDCEFCA8FAA792BF.xml | 274 +++++++ .../E9/0384E974FF959650FE01FE66FDAD9510.xml | 259 +++---- .../E9/0384E974FF9B9655FDE6FD98FBC39401.xml | 531 +++++++------ .../E9/0384E974FFA3967EFDF3FC45FE389316.xml | 715 ++++++++++++++++++ .../E9/0384E974FFA79662FDC8FEFEFC5893F2.xml | 257 +++---- .../E9/0384E974FFAA9667FDFFFB5CFAF894DE.xml | 252 +++--- .../E9/0384E974FFAE966BFDE2FCF9FDBA94FC.xml | 147 ++-- .../8D/0D368D4EFF01FFC8FC95FF7BFE331389.xml | 405 ++++++++++ .../8D/0D368D4EFF01FFCDFF3CFD35FE4B1188.xml | 162 ++++ .../8D/0D368D4EFF04FFC9FF3CF99AFB1A1188.xml | 263 +++++++ 11 files changed, 2772 insertions(+), 931 deletions(-) create mode 100644 data/03/84/E9/0384E974FF8D964BFDCEFCA8FAA792BF.xml create mode 100644 data/03/84/E9/0384E974FFA3967EFDF3FC45FE389316.xml create mode 100644 data/0D/36/8D/0D368D4EFF01FFC8FC95FF7BFE331389.xml create mode 100644 data/0D/36/8D/0D368D4EFF01FFCDFF3CFD35FE4B1188.xml create mode 100644 data/0D/36/8D/0D368D4EFF04FFC9FF3CF99AFB1A1188.xml diff --git a/data/03/84/E9/0384E974FF8B9645FDBFFCCBFC39920E.xml b/data/03/84/E9/0384E974FF8B9645FDBFFCCBFC39920E.xml index 85c6ace0c9e..fdc481b58df 100644 --- a/data/03/84/E9/0384E974FF8B9645FDBFFCCBFC39920E.xml +++ b/data/03/84/E9/0384E974FF8B9645FDBFFCCBFC39920E.xml @@ -1,61 +1,61 @@ - - - -Taxonomic revision of the antlion tribe Myrmeleontini (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) of Taiwan + + + +Taxonomic revision of the antlion tribe Myrmeleontini (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) of Taiwan - - -Author + + +Author -Lin, Yu-Hsiu Hugh -9DE3E7B3-7541-40FF-8366-F23615F044D6 -Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106332, Taiwan. & Department of Entomology, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA. -hughlin06@gmail.com +Lin, Yu-Hsiu Hugh +9DE3E7B3-7541-40FF-8366-F23615F044D6 +Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106332, Taiwan. & Department of Entomology, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA. +hughlin06@gmail.com - - -Author + + +Author -Ko, Chiun-Cheng -290CF231-2518-4C91-A2EA-C184C9728C7F -Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106332, Taiwan. & Deceased 29 October 2020. +Ko, Chiun-Cheng +290CF231-2518-4C91-A2EA-C184C9728C7F +Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106332, Taiwan. - - -Author + + +Author -Tseng, Hui-Yun -A005A399-9A29-4345-8793-63D9C1611ABE -Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106332, Taiwan. -hytseng1216@ntu.edu.tw +Tseng, Hui-Yun +A005A399-9A29-4345-8793-63D9C1611ABE +Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106332, Taiwan. +hytseng1216@ntu.edu.tw -text - - -European Journal of Taxonomy +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy - -2024 - -2024-11-21 + +2024 + +2024-11-21 - -969 + +969 - -1 -61 + +1 +61 - -https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2743/12577 + +https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2743/12577 -journal article -10.5852/ejt.2024.969.2743 -2118-9773 -14204763 -3705B6E3-C2DD-42B1-9ED6-1ABBD2EBC20C +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2024.969.2743 +2118-9773 +14204763 +3705B6E3-C2DD-42B1-9ED6-1ABBD2EBC20C @@ -79,38 +79,38 @@ - + Myrmeleon asakurae Okamoto, 1910: 297 -. +. + Type locality: Taiwan ( Nantou ). - - + Myrmeleon ochraceopennis Nakahara, 1913: 299 -. +. + Type locality: Taiwan ( Nantou ). - @@ -221,19 +221,17 @@ Stange - + Material examined - + + Syntypes - - - TAIWAN • 2 ♂♂ @@ -241,14 +239,18 @@ Stange 1 ♀ (photos examined); Nantou County -, “Horisha” [now Puli]; +, “ +Horisha +” [now +Puli +]; Jul. 1909 ; H. Kawamura leg.; -SEHU +SEHU . @@ -258,21 +260,21 @@ leg.; - + TAIWAN • 1 ♀ -; “Formosa” [now -Taiwan -], no further locality; no date; +; “ +Formosa +” [now Taiwan], no further locality; no date; Poldanski -leg.; MFN. – - -Hualien County - +leg.; +MFN +. – + +Hualien County • - 1 ♀ ; Fuli Township @@ -285,10 +287,10 @@ leg.; MFN. – ; Tein Hsieh leg.; -THC +THC • - + 1 ♀ ; Jian Township @@ -300,11 +302,13 @@ leg.; ; Tien-Chen Chao -leg.; by hand; -NCHU +leg.; +by hand +; +NCHU • - + 1 ♂ , 1 ♀ @@ -321,17 +325,20 @@ leg.; by hand; leg.; Malaise trap ; -NMNS -. – +NMNS +. + + +– Kaohsiung City - • - 1 ♀ -; “Kosempo” [now -Jiaxian District +; “ +Kosempo +” [now +Jiaxian District ]; Jan. 1910 @@ -339,42 +346,48 @@ leg.; ; H. Sauter leg.; -USNM +USNM • - + 2 ♂♂ -; same data as for preceding; 1911; +; same data as for preceding; +1911 +; H. Sauter leg.; -USNM -. – +USNM +. – + + Miaoli County - • - 1 ♀ -(larva reared to adult); +( +larva reared to adult +); Shitan Township , -Mingfeng Historic Trail +Mingfeng Historic Trail ; 16 Jan. 2021 ; Kai-Wei Chan -leg.; preserved in alcohol; NTU. – - -Nantou County - +leg.; preserved in alcohol; +NTU +. – + +Nantou County • - 1 ♀ -(larva reared to adult); +( +larva reared to adult +); Renai Township , Huisun Forest Area @@ -385,30 +398,33 @@ leg.; preserved in alcohol; NTU. – ; Kai-Wei Chan et al. -leg.; NTU. – +leg.; +NTU +. – + + New Taipei City - • - 1 ♂ , 1 ♀ ; Xindian District , -An Kang High School +An Kang High School ; 12 Jul. 2018 ; Jhih-Rong Liao -leg.; NTU +leg.; +NTU • - + 1 ♂ ; Sanzhi District @@ -420,10 +436,11 @@ leg.; NTU ; Po-Cheng Huang -leg.; NTU +leg.; +NTU • - + 2 ♀♀ ; Zhonghe District @@ -435,10 +452,11 @@ leg.; NTU ; Po-Cheng Huang -leg.; 1 preserved in alcohol; NTU +leg.; 1 preserved in alcohol; +NTU • - + 1 ♂ ; Shiding District @@ -451,10 +469,10 @@ leg.; 1 preserved in alcohol; NTU ; Tein Hsieh leg.; -THC +THC • - + 1 ♀ ; Tamsui District @@ -466,25 +484,29 @@ leg.; ; Shu-Ling Yu -leg.; NTU +leg.; +NTU • - + 1 ♀ -(larva reared to adult); +( +larva reared to adult +); Sanxia District ; -The Great Roots Forestry Spa -Resort; +The Great Roots Forestry Spa Resort +; 13 Feb. 2021 ; Sheng-Hong Lin -leg.; preserved in alcohol; NTU +leg.; preserved in alcohol; +NTU • - + 1 ♀ ; Tucheng District @@ -494,72 +516,83 @@ leg.; preserved in alcohol; NTU 1 Sep. 2021 -; Chian-Yu -Huang -leg.; NTU +; +Chian-Yu Huang +leg.; +NTU • - + 1 ♀ ; -Tamsui District -. Xingfuliao (Hsing-Fu-Liao); +Tamsui District +. +Xingfuliao +( +Hsing-Fu-Liao +); 4 Jun. 1976 ; F.S. Santana -leg.; TAMU ENTO X0863917. – +leg.; +TAMU +ENTO X0863917 +. – + + Pingtung County - • - 1 pupa ; Hengchun Township , -Kenting National Forest Recreation Area +Kenting National Forest Recreation Area ; 14 Nov. 2021 ; Yu-Hsiu Lin -leg.; molting failed, preserved in alcohol; NTU +leg.; molting failed, preserved in alcohol; +NTU • - + 1 ♂ , 1 ♀ ( -2 larvae -reared to adults); +2 larvae reared to adults +); Chunri Township , -Tahan Forest -Road Km 16.5; +Tahan Forest Road Km 16.5 +; 28 Jan. 2021 ; Yu-Hsiu Lin -leg.; preserved in alcohol; NTU. – +leg.; preserved in alcohol; +NTU +. – + + Taichung City - • - 1 ♀ ; Heping District , Basianshan ( -Pahsienshan +Pahsienshan ); 9 Sep. 1993 @@ -569,15 +602,15 @@ leg.; preserved in alcohol; NTU. – and M.L. Chan leg.; -NMNS +NMNS • - + 1 ♂ ; Heping District , -Wushiken Workstation +Wushiken Workstation ; 30 Aug. 2014 @@ -585,30 +618,30 @@ leg.; ; Mei-Ling Chan leg.; -NMNS -. – - -Taipei -City - +NMNS +. – + + +Taipei City + • - 1 ♂ ; Beitou District , -Guiziken Trail +Guiziken Trail ; 22 Sep. 2021 ; You-Sheng Lin -leg.; preserved in alcohol; NTU +leg.; preserved in alcohol; +NTU • - + 1 ♂ ; Neihu District @@ -620,10 +653,11 @@ leg.; preserved in alcohol; NTU ; Pin-Chun Chou -leg.; preserved in alcohol; NTU +leg.; preserved in alcohol; +NTU • - + 1 ♂ , 1 ♀ @@ -636,10 +670,10 @@ leg.; preserved in alcohol; NTU 8 Sep. 1985 ; unknown collector; -NCHU +NCHU • - + 1 ♀ ; Beitou District @@ -649,12 +683,13 @@ leg.; preserved in alcohol; NTU 6 Jul. 2020 -; Chun-Yu -Lin -leg.; preserved in alcohol; NTU +; +Chun-Yu Lin +leg.; preserved in alcohol; +NTU • - + 1 ♀ ; Beitou District @@ -667,10 +702,10 @@ leg.; preserved in alcohol; NTU ; Tsung-Hsueh Wu leg.; -THC +THC • - + 1 ♂ ; Shilin District @@ -683,10 +718,10 @@ leg.; ; P.P. Lien leg.; -NCHU +NCHU • - + 1 ♀ ; Wulai District @@ -699,10 +734,10 @@ leg.; ; S.C. Chiu leg.; -TARI +TARI • - + 1 ♀ ; Wenshan District @@ -719,10 +754,10 @@ leg.; ; Tein Hsieh leg.; -THC +THC • - + 1 ♂ , 1 ♀ @@ -739,10 +774,10 @@ leg.; ; S.C. Chiu leg.; -TARI +TARI • - + 1 ♂ ; same collection data as for preceding; @@ -751,10 +786,10 @@ leg.; ; P.P. Lien leg.; -NCHU +NCHU • - + 1 ♀ ; Beitou District @@ -766,18 +801,20 @@ leg.; ; Chiung-Fang Lin -leg.; NTU. – +leg.; +NTU +. – + + Taitung County - • - 1 ♀ ; Lanyu Township , -Chungaichiao +Chungaichiao ; 30 Apr. 1997 @@ -785,10 +822,10 @@ leg.; NTU. – ; Mei-Ling Chan leg.; -NMNS +NMNS • - + 1 ♀ ; Guanshan Township @@ -800,10 +837,11 @@ leg.; ; Po-Cheng Huang -leg.; preserved in alcohol; NTU +leg.; preserved in alcohol; +NTU • - + 1 ♂ ; same data as for preceding; @@ -811,25 +849,28 @@ leg.; preserved in alcohol; NTU ; Po-Cheng Huang -leg.; preserved in alcohol; NTU +leg.; preserved in alcohol; +NTU • - + 1 ♀ ; Lanyu Township , Hongtou Forest -Trail; +Trail +; 4 Apr. 2021 -; Ching-Ya -Chang -leg.; molting failed, preserved in alcohol; NTU +; +Ching-Ya Chang +leg.; molting failed, preserved in alcohol; +NTU • - + 4 ♂♂ , 1 ♀ @@ -844,35 +885,35 @@ leg.; molting failed, preserved in alcohol; NTU ; Yu-Tang Wang leg.; -NMNS +NMNS • - + 1 ♂ ; Beinan Township , -Lijia Forest -Road; +Lijia Forest Road +; 10 Oct. 2015 ; Tein Hsieh leg.; -THC -. – +THC +. – + + Yilan County - • - 1 ♂ ; Yuanshan Township , -Fushan Botanical Garden +Fushan Botanical Garden ; 5 Jul. 1991 @@ -880,10 +921,10 @@ leg.; ; Yi-Bin Fan leg.; -TFRI +TFRI • - + 1 ♀ ; same data as for preceding; @@ -892,22 +933,25 @@ leg.; ; Yu-Tang Wang leg.; -NMNS +NMNS • - + 1 ♂ -(larva reared to adult); same data as for preceding; +( +larva reared to adult +); same data as for preceding; 6 Apr. 2021 ; Yu-Hsiu Lin et al. -leg.; molting failed, preserved in alcohol; NTU +leg.; molting failed, preserved in alcohol; +NTU • - + 1 ♂ ; Datong Township @@ -920,10 +964,12 @@ leg.; molting failed, preserved in alcohol; NTU ; M. Chûjô leg.; -TARI +TARI . + + Re-description of the adult diff --git a/data/03/84/E9/0384E974FF8D964BFDCEFCA8FAA792BF.xml b/data/03/84/E9/0384E974FF8D964BFDCEFCA8FAA792BF.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..8a0b5ae90ef --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/84/E9/0384E974FF8D964BFDCEFCA8FAA792BF.xml @@ -0,0 +1,274 @@ + + + +Taxonomic revision of the antlion tribe Myrmeleontini (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) of Taiwan + + + +Author + +Lin, Yu-Hsiu Hugh +9DE3E7B3-7541-40FF-8366-F23615F044D6 +Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106332, Taiwan. & Department of Entomology, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA. +hughlin06@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Ko, Chiun-Cheng +290CF231-2518-4C91-A2EA-C184C9728C7F +Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106332, Taiwan. + + + +Author + +Tseng, Hui-Yun +A005A399-9A29-4345-8793-63D9C1611ABE +Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106332, Taiwan. +hytseng1216@ntu.edu.tw + +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy + + +2024 + +2024-11-21 + + +969 + + +1 +61 + + + + +https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2743/12577 + +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2024.969.2743 +2118-9773 +14204763 +3705B6E3-C2DD-42B1-9ED6-1ABBD2EBC20C + + + + +Tribe + +Myrmeleontini +Latreille, 1802 + + + + + + +Diagnosis of adult + + +Forewing vein CuP arising at or very near basal crossvein; forewing vein 2A running close to 1A for short distance, then bending at a sharp angle toward 3A. Hindwing with four or more crossveins at presectoral area. Forewing and hindwing vein RP arising distant from base. Tarsomere 1 of hind leg shorter than tarsomere 5. Male with or without pillula axillaris. + + + + + +Identification key to the adults of +Myrmeleontini +species in +Taiwan + + + + + + + + +1. Hindwing longer than or as long as forewing ................................................................................... 2 + + +– Hindwing shorter than forewing ....................................................................................................... 5 + + + + + +2. Wings broad, acute at apex; male mediuncus three-pronged shaped from caudal view ( +Figs 4C +, +7C +); female anterior gonapophyses widely separated, long, and shorter than posterior gonapophyses; lateral gonapophyses long ( +Figs 3A–B +, +6A–B +) ........................................................3 (genus + +Baliga + +) + + + + +– Wings variable; male mediuncus not as above; female anterior gonapophyses not widely separated, short, lobed .......................................................................................................4 (genus + +Myrmeleon + +) + + + + + + +3. Wings with large, white pterostigma; costal area with interconnected crossveins from apical ⅓ to stigma ( +Fig. 2C +); ventral side of the abdomen whitish-yellow ( +Fig. 1A +) ........................................... ............................................................................................................. + +B. asakurae +( +Okamoto, 1910 +) + + + + + +– Wings with small pterostigma; costal area with only few interconnected crossveins ( +Fig. 5C +); ventral side of the abdomen dark brown ( +Fig. 1B +) ...................... + +B. brunneipennis +( +Esben-Petersen, 1913 +) + + + + + + + +4. Vertex mostly yellow with dark brown spots; pronotum and mesonotum mostly dark brown with whitish-yellow markings ( +Fig. 11B +); ventral side of the abdomen paler than dorsal side ( +Fig. 1C +) .. ..................................................................................................... + +M. littoralis +Miller & Stange, 1999 + + + + + +– Vertex mostly dark brown with a pair of yellow spots; pronotum mostly whitish-yellow with two pairs of dark brown spots on the anterior half and dark brown markings on the posterior half ( +Fig. 8B +) .. ............................................................................................................. + +M. tenuipennis +Rambur, 1842 + + + + + + + +5. Large sized; pronotum dark brown with a thin yellow line in the middle and a pair of yellow bands on the side of the anterior margin ( +Fig. 14B +) ................................. + +M. wangi +Miller & Stange, 1999 + + + + +– Small to medium-sized; pronotum not as above ............................................................................... 6 + + + + + +6. Vertex completely dark brown ( +Figs 20B +, +26B +) ............................................................................... 7 + + + + +– Vertex with yellow or brown markings ( +Figs 17B +, +23B +) .................................................................. 8 + + + + + + +7. Pronotum, mesonotum and metanotum almost fully dark brown ( +Fig. 26B +) ..................................... ................................................................................................ + +M. taiwanensis +Miller & Stange, 1999 + + + + + +– Pronotum dark brown with a yellow medial line, anterior half with yellow spots; mesonotum and metanotum with thin yellow line on the posterior margin ( +Fig. 20B +) ................................................ ................................................................................................... + +M. persimilis +Miller & Stange, 1999 + + + + + + + +8. Pronotum brown with yellow bands on the side of anterior margin ( +Fig. 23B +) ................................. +.............................................................................................................. + +M. punctinervis +Banks, 1937 + + + + + +– Pronotum mostly whitish-yellow with brown markings ( +Fig. 17B +) ................................................... .................................................................................................... + +M. heppneri +Miller & Stange, 1999 + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/84/E9/0384E974FF959650FE01FE66FDAD9510.xml b/data/03/84/E9/0384E974FF959650FE01FE66FDAD9510.xml index f196b94567f..235406d265d 100644 --- a/data/03/84/E9/0384E974FF959650FE01FE66FDAD9510.xml +++ b/data/03/84/E9/0384E974FF959650FE01FE66FDAD9510.xml @@ -1,61 +1,61 @@ - - - -Taxonomic revision of the antlion tribe Myrmeleontini (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) of Taiwan + + + +Taxonomic revision of the antlion tribe Myrmeleontini (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) of Taiwan - - -Author + + +Author -Lin, Yu-Hsiu Hugh -9DE3E7B3-7541-40FF-8366-F23615F044D6 -Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106332, Taiwan. & Department of Entomology, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA. -hughlin06@gmail.com +Lin, Yu-Hsiu Hugh +9DE3E7B3-7541-40FF-8366-F23615F044D6 +Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106332, Taiwan. & Department of Entomology, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA. +hughlin06@gmail.com - - -Author + + +Author -Ko, Chiun-Cheng -290CF231-2518-4C91-A2EA-C184C9728C7F -Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106332, Taiwan. & Deceased 29 October 2020. +Ko, Chiun-Cheng +290CF231-2518-4C91-A2EA-C184C9728C7F +Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106332, Taiwan. - - -Author + + +Author -Tseng, Hui-Yun -A005A399-9A29-4345-8793-63D9C1611ABE -Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106332, Taiwan. -hytseng1216@ntu.edu.tw +Tseng, Hui-Yun +A005A399-9A29-4345-8793-63D9C1611ABE +Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106332, Taiwan. +hytseng1216@ntu.edu.tw -text - - -European Journal of Taxonomy +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy - -2024 - -2024-11-21 + +2024 + +2024-11-21 - -969 + +969 - -1 -61 + +1 +61 - -https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2743/12577 + +https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2743/12577 -journal article -10.5852/ejt.2024.969.2743 -2118-9773 -14204763 -3705B6E3-C2DD-42B1-9ED6-1ABBD2EBC20C +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2024.969.2743 +2118-9773 +14204763 +3705B6E3-C2DD-42B1-9ED6-1ABBD2EBC20C @@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ - + Myrmeleon wangi Miller & Stange @@ -91,14 +91,14 @@ Miller , 1999: 70 -. +. + Type locality: Taiwan ( Hualien ). - @@ -173,19 +173,17 @@ Lin - + Material examined - + + Holotype - - - TAIWAN • ♂ @@ -194,8 +192,10 @@ Lin , Xiulin Township , -Dayulin -(Tayuling); +Dayulin +( +Tayuling +); 24°11′16.0″ N , 121°19′25.0″ E @@ -223,13 +223,11 @@ leg.; collected as larva, emerged . - + + Paratypes - - - TAIWAN – @@ -241,7 +239,7 @@ leg.; collected as larva, emerged NTM 3626-001 . – - + Nantou County @@ -249,16 +247,10 @@ leg.; collected as larva, emerged 1 ♂ , 1 ♀ -( -2 larvae -reared to adults); +(2 larvae reared to adults); Renai Township , -Qingjing -( -Chingjing -) -Farm +Qingjing (Chingjing) Farm ; 1800 m @@ -280,7 +272,7 @@ leg.; 3626-004 • - + 1 ♂ ; Renai Township @@ -305,10 +297,11 @@ a.s.l. Lionel A. Stange and Hsiau-Yue Wang -leg.; TAMU X0405502 +leg.; +TAMU X0405502 • - + 1 ♀ (larva reared to adult); same data as for preceding; NTM 3626-002 @@ -319,7 +312,7 @@ leg.; TAMU X0405502 Additional material - + TAIWAN – @@ -330,18 +323,18 @@ leg.; TAMU X0405502 ; Jianshi Township , -Smangus +Smangus ; 8 Sep. 2018 -; Jia-Yu -Ci +; +Jia-Yu Ci leg.; -KWC +KWC • - + 1 ♀ (larva reared to adult); same data as for preceding; @@ -349,10 +342,11 @@ leg.; ; Yu-Hsiu Lin -leg.; NTU +leg.; +NTU . – - + Hualien County @@ -361,28 +355,24 @@ leg.; NTU ; Xiulin Township , -Bilu -( -Pilu -); +Bilu (Pilu) +; 9 Jul. 2007 ; W.Z. Tsao leg.; -NMNS +NMNS • - + 1 ♀ ; Xiulin Township , -Cien -( -Tzuen -); +Cien (Tzuen) +; 1900 m a.s.l. @@ -394,16 +384,14 @@ a.s.l. ; W.I. Chou leg.; -NMNS +NMNS • - + 1 ♂ , 1 ♀ -( -2 larvae -reared to adults); +(2 larvae reared to adults); Wanrong Township , Yikan River @@ -417,12 +405,11 @@ reared to adults); ; Yi Sun -leg.; -1 spec. -preserved in alcohol; NTU +leg.; 1 spec. preserved in alcohol; +NTU . – - + Nantou County @@ -431,7 +418,7 @@ preserved in alcohol; NTU ; Renai Township , -Biluxi +Biluxi ; 20 Sep. 1997 @@ -443,10 +430,10 @@ leg.; det. as Myrmeleon fornicalynx ; -NTM +NTM • - + 1 ♀ ; Renai Township @@ -460,11 +447,13 @@ leg.; det. as M.L. Chan and C.S. Lin -leg.; by UV light; -NMNS +leg.; by +UV light +; +NMNS • - + 1 ♀ ; Renai Township @@ -474,19 +463,18 @@ leg.; by UV light; 12 Jul. 1998 -; Guo- -Long Lin -leg.; NTU +; +Guo- Long Lin +leg.; +NTU • - + 2 ♀♀ -( -2 larvae -reared to adults); +(2 larvae reared to adults); Renai Township , -Highland Experimental Farm N.T.U. +Highland Experimental Farm N.T.U. , Chunyang Farm ; @@ -495,12 +483,11 @@ reared to adults); ; Yu-Hsiu Lin -leg.; -1 spec. -preserved in alcohol; NTU +leg.; 1 spec. preserved in alcohol; +NTU • - + 1 ♀ ; Renai Township @@ -513,32 +500,28 @@ preserved in alcohol; NTU ; C.F. Yan leg.; -NCHU +NCHU • - + 1 ♂ (larva reared to adult); Renai Township , - -Provincial Highway No. - -14 -Km -94.5; +Provincial Highway No. 14 Km 94.5 +; 7 Oct. 2021 ; Bao-Cheng Lai -and Jing-Fu -Tsai +and +Jing-Fu Tsai leg.; -NMNS +NMNS • - + 1 ♂ ; Renai Township @@ -558,10 +541,10 @@ a.s.l. and B.H. Chen leg.; -TARI +TARI • - + 1 ♀ ; same data as for preceding; @@ -570,10 +553,10 @@ leg.; ; S.T. Yang leg.; -NCHU +NCHU • - + 2 ♂♂ , 2 ♀♀ @@ -598,10 +581,10 @@ a.s.l. ; D.R. Davis leg.; forest; -USNM +USNM . – - + Taichung City @@ -612,18 +595,22 @@ leg.; forest; , Anmachan Cottage ( -Anma Lodge +Anma Lodge ); 1 Aug. 2005 ; Y.L. Chen -leg.; by hand; -NMNS +leg.; +by hand +; +NMNS . + + Re-description of the adult diff --git a/data/03/84/E9/0384E974FF9B9655FDE6FD98FBC39401.xml b/data/03/84/E9/0384E974FF9B9655FDE6FD98FBC39401.xml index 65c6f9ad4aa..21cf47d7c76 100644 --- a/data/03/84/E9/0384E974FF9B9655FDE6FD98FBC39401.xml +++ b/data/03/84/E9/0384E974FF9B9655FDE6FD98FBC39401.xml @@ -1,61 +1,61 @@ - - - -Taxonomic revision of the antlion tribe Myrmeleontini (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) of Taiwan + + + +Taxonomic revision of the antlion tribe Myrmeleontini (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) of Taiwan - - -Author + + +Author -Lin, Yu-Hsiu Hugh -9DE3E7B3-7541-40FF-8366-F23615F044D6 -Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106332, Taiwan. & Department of Entomology, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA. -hughlin06@gmail.com +Lin, Yu-Hsiu Hugh +9DE3E7B3-7541-40FF-8366-F23615F044D6 +Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106332, Taiwan. & Department of Entomology, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA. +hughlin06@gmail.com - - -Author + + +Author -Ko, Chiun-Cheng -290CF231-2518-4C91-A2EA-C184C9728C7F -Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106332, Taiwan. & Deceased 29 October 2020. +Ko, Chiun-Cheng +290CF231-2518-4C91-A2EA-C184C9728C7F +Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106332, Taiwan. - - -Author + + +Author -Tseng, Hui-Yun -A005A399-9A29-4345-8793-63D9C1611ABE -Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106332, Taiwan. -hytseng1216@ntu.edu.tw +Tseng, Hui-Yun +A005A399-9A29-4345-8793-63D9C1611ABE +Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106332, Taiwan. +hytseng1216@ntu.edu.tw -text - - -European Journal of Taxonomy +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy - -2024 - -2024-11-21 + +2024 + +2024-11-21 - -969 + +969 - -1 -61 + +1 +61 - -https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2743/12577 + +https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2743/12577 -journal article -10.5852/ejt.2024.969.2743 -2118-9773 -14204763 -3705B6E3-C2DD-42B1-9ED6-1ABBD2EBC20C +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2024.969.2743 +2118-9773 +14204763 +3705B6E3-C2DD-42B1-9ED6-1ABBD2EBC20C @@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ - + Myrmeleon littoralis Miller & Stange @@ -90,14 +90,14 @@ Miller , 1999: 64 -. +. + Type locality: Taiwan ( Miaoli ). - @@ -148,19 +148,17 @@ Lin - + Material examined - + + Holotype - - - TAIWAN • ♂ @@ -169,8 +167,10 @@ Lin , Tongxiao Township , -Tongxiao Resort Beach -(Tonshou Resort Beach); +Tongxiao Resort Beach +( +Tonshou Resort Beach +); 24°29′47.5″ N , 120°40′20.5″ E @@ -193,13 +193,11 @@ leg.; collected as larva, emerged . - + + Paratypes - - - TAIWAN – @@ -209,15 +207,13 @@ leg.; collected as larva, emerged 1 ♂ , 1 ♀ -( -2 larvae -reared to adults); same data as for holotype; +(2 larvae reared to adults); same data as for holotype; NTM 3620- 001 , 3620-003 . – - + Pingtung County @@ -227,10 +223,8 @@ reared to adults); same data as for holotype; Hengchun Township , Fengchuisha Beach -(Feiha-Tre-Sha -Area -, -Kenting Nat’l Park +( +Feiha-Tre-Sha Area, Kenting Nat’l Park ); 21°56′55.7″ N , @@ -245,10 +239,12 @@ reared to adults); same data as for holotype; Lionel A. Stange and Hsiau-Yue Wang -leg.; on beach; TAMU ENTO X0405012 +leg.; on beach; +TAMU +ENTO X0405012 . – - + Taitung County @@ -259,7 +255,7 @@ leg.; on beach; TAMU ENTO X0405012 , Donghe ( -Dungha +Dungha ); 22°58′43.6″ N , @@ -278,9 +274,10 @@ leg.; NTM 3620-002 • - + 1 ♂ -(larva reared to adult); same data as for preceding; TAMU X0405662 +(larva reared to adult); same data as for preceding; +TAMU X0405662 . @@ -288,7 +285,7 @@ leg.; Additional material - + TAIWAN – @@ -299,23 +296,26 @@ leg.; (larva reared to adult); Hengshan Township , -Hengshan Street Wood Factory +Hengshan Street Wood Factory ; 26 Nov. 2019 ; Jia-Wei Chuang -leg.; collected in wood dust; molting failed, preserved in alcohol; NTU +leg.; collected in +wood dust +; molting failed, preserved in alcohol; +NTU • - + 1 ♀ (larva reared to adult); same data as for preceding -NMNS +NMNS . – - + Kaohsiung City @@ -324,23 +324,22 @@ leg.; collected in wood dust; molting failed, preserved in alcohol; NTU (larva reared to adult); Jiaxian District , -Baiyun Mountain +Baiyun Mountain ; 27 Jan. 2021 ; Yu-Hsiu Lin -leg.; molting failed, preserved in alcohol; NTU +leg.; molting failed, preserved in alcohol; +NTU • - + 2 ♂♂ , 2 ♀♀ -( -4 larvae -reared to adults); +(4 larvae reared to adults); Yanchao District , Jinshan Temple @@ -352,18 +351,17 @@ reared to adults); 13 Feb. 2021 -; Hsuan-Pu -Chen -leg.; preserved in alcohol; NTU +; +Hsuan-Pu Chen +leg.; preserved in alcohol; +NTU • - + 4 ♂♂ , 2 ♀♀ -( -6 larvae -reared to adults); +(6 larvae reared to adults); Qijing District , Qijing Beach @@ -373,16 +371,15 @@ reared to adults); ; Yu-Hsiu Lin -leg.; 4 specs preserved in alcohol; NTU +leg.; 4 specs preserved in alcohol; +NTU • - + 1 ♂ , 4 ♀♀ -( -5 larvae -reared to adults); +(5 larvae reared to adults); Meinong District , Shuangxi Arboretum Trail @@ -392,10 +389,11 @@ reared to adults); ; Yu-Hsiu Lin -leg.; preserved in alcohol; NTU +leg.; preserved in alcohol; +NTU . – - + Kinmen County @@ -404,17 +402,18 @@ leg.; preserved in alcohol; NTU ; Jincheng Township , -Tongan Wharf +Tongan Wharf ; 23 May 2020 -; Kai-Ti -Lin -leg.; preserved in alcohol; NTU +; +Kai-Ti Lin +leg.; preserved in alcohol; +NTU . – - + Miaoli County @@ -423,17 +422,18 @@ leg.; preserved in alcohol; NTU (larva reared to adult); Zhunan Township , -Qiding Seaside Park +Qiding Seaside Park ; 8 Nov. 2019 ; Yu-Hsiu Lin -leg.; preserved in alcohol; NTU +leg.; preserved in alcohol; +NTU • - + 1 ♂ (larva reared to adult); Zaoqiao Township @@ -445,40 +445,37 @@ leg.; preserved in alcohol; NTU ; Yu-Jen Tsao -leg.; NTU +leg.; +NTU • - + 1 ♂ , 1 ♀ -( -2 larvae -reared to adults); same data as for preceding; +(2 larvae reared to adults); same data as for preceding; 12 Jan. 2018 ; Yu-Jen Tsao -leg.; NTU +leg.; +NTU • - + 2 ♂♂ -( -2 larvae -reared to adults); same data as for preceding; +(2 larvae reared to adults); same data as for preceding; 3 Mar. 2018 ; Yu-Jen Tsao -leg.; -1 spec. -preserved in alcohol; NTU +leg.; 1 spec. preserved in alcohol; +NTU • - + 1 ♀ (larva reared to adult); same data as for preceding; @@ -486,19 +483,21 @@ preserved in alcohol; NTU ; Yu-Jen Tsao -leg.; NTU +leg.; +NTU • - + 1 ♀ (larva reared to adult); same data as for preceding; 9 Jun. 2018 -; NTU +; +NTU • - + 1 ♂ (larva reared to adult); same data as for preceding; @@ -506,10 +505,11 @@ leg.; NTU ; Yu-Jen Tsao -leg.; NTU +leg.; +NTU • - + 1 ♂ (larva reared to adult); same data as for preceding; @@ -517,10 +517,11 @@ leg.; NTU ; Yu-Jen Tsao -leg.; NTU +leg.; +NTU • - + 1 ♂ (larva reared to adult); same data as for preceding; @@ -528,10 +529,11 @@ leg.; NTU ; Yu-Jen Tsao -leg.; NTU +leg.; +NTU • - + 1 ♂ (larva reared to adult); same data as for preceding; @@ -539,31 +541,29 @@ leg.; NTU ; Yu-Jen Tsao -leg.; NTU +leg.; +NTU • - + 1 ♂ , 3 ♀♀ -( -4 larvae -reared to adults); same data as for preceding; +(4 larvae reared to adults); same data as for preceding; 4 Nov. 2018 ; Yu-Jen Tsao -leg.; NTU +leg.; +NTU • - + 4 ♂♂ , 4 ♀♀ -( -8 larvae -reared to adults); same data as for preceding; +(8 larvae reared to adults); same data as for preceding; 1 Dec. 2018 @@ -571,40 +571,37 @@ reared to adults); same data as for preceding; Yu-Jen Tsao and Yu-Hsiu Lin -leg.; NTU +leg.; +NTU • - + 2 ♂♂ , 1 ♀ -( -3 larvae -reared to adults); same data as for preceding; +(3 larvae reared to adults); same data as for preceding; 12 Jan. 2019 ; Yu-Jen Tsao -leg.; NTU +leg.; +NTU • - + 2 ♂♂ -( -2 larvae -reared to adults); same data as for preceding; +(2 larvae reared to adults); same data as for preceding; 6 Jul. 2019 ; Yu-Jen Tsao -leg.; -1 spec. -preserved in alcohol; NTU +leg.; 1 spec. preserved in alcohol; +NTU • - + 1 ♂ (larva reared to adult); same data as for preceding; @@ -612,17 +609,21 @@ preserved in alcohol; NTU ; Yu-Jen Tsao -leg.; NTU +leg.; +NTU • - + 1 ♂ , 1 ♀ -; same data as for holotype; TAMU X0068719, X0068674 +; same data as for holotype; +TAMU X0068719 +, +X0068674 . – - + New Taipei City @@ -630,24 +631,21 @@ leg.; NTU 1 ♂ , 1 ♀ -( -2 larvae -reared to adults); +(2 larvae reared to adults); Gongliao District , -Fulong Seaside Park +Fulong Seaside Park ; 7 Jun. 2019 ; Yu-Hsiu Lin -leg.; -1 spec. -preserved in alcohol; NTU +leg.; 1 spec. preserved in alcohol; +NTU • - + 1 ♂ ; Jinshan District @@ -659,14 +657,13 @@ preserved in alcohol; NTU ; Wen-Jer Wu -leg.; NTU +leg.; +NTU • - + 2 ♀♀ -( -2 larvae -reared to adults); +(2 larvae reared to adults); Shimeng District , Laomei @@ -676,16 +673,13 @@ reared to adults); ; Yu-Hsiu Lin -leg.; -1 spec. -preserved in alcohol; NTU +leg.; 1 spec. preserved in alcohol; +NTU • - + 3 ♀♀ -( -3 larvae -reared to adults); +(3 larvae reared to adults); Bali District , Laoqiankeng Road @@ -695,10 +689,11 @@ reared to adults); ; Yu-Hsiu Lin -leg.; preserved in alcohol; NTU +leg.; preserved in alcohol; +NTU • - + 1 ♂ (larva reared to adult); Linkou District @@ -710,16 +705,15 @@ leg.; preserved in alcohol; NTU ; Yu-Hsiu Lin -leg.; preserved in alcohol; NTU +leg.; preserved in alcohol; +NTU • - + 1 ♂ , 3 ♀♀ -( -4 larvae -reared to adults); same data as for preceding; +(4 larvae reared to adults); same data as for preceding; 7 Nov. 2020 @@ -729,10 +723,11 @@ reared to adults); same data as for preceding; Bin-Hong Ho and Yun Ho -leg.; 3 specs preserved in alcohol; NTU +leg.; 3 specs preserved in alcohol; +NTU • - + 1 ♀ (larva reared to adult); Gongliao District @@ -744,14 +739,13 @@ leg.; 3 specs preserved in alcohol; NTU ; Yu-Hsiu Lin -leg.; NTU +leg.; +NTU • - + 2 ♂♂ -( -2 larvae -reared to adults); +(2 larvae reared to adults); Gongliao District , Longmeng Camping Ground @@ -759,10 +753,11 @@ reared to adults); 15 Dec. 2019 -; preserved in alcohol; NTU +; preserved in alcohol; +NTU • - + 1 ♂ (larva reared to adult); Tamsui District @@ -774,46 +769,43 @@ reared to adults); ; Yu-Hsiu Lin -leg.; NTU +leg.; +NTU • - + 2 ♂♂ , 4 ♀♀ -( -6 larvae -reared to adults); same data as for preceding; +(6 larvae reared to adults); same data as for preceding; 1 Jun. 2019 ; Yu-Jen Tsao -leg.; 3 specs preserved in alcohol; NTU +leg.; 3 specs preserved in alcohol; +NTU • - + 4 ♂♂ , 2 ♀♀ -( -5 larvae -reared to adults); same data as for preceding; +(5 larvae reared to adults); same data as for preceding; 3 Sep. 2019 ; Yu-Hsiu Lin -leg.; 4 specs preserved in alcohol; NTU +leg.; 4 specs preserved in alcohol; +NTU • - + 2 ♂♂ , 3 ♀♀ -( -5 larvae -reared to adults); +(5 larvae reared to adults); Jinshan District , Shitoushan Park @@ -823,14 +815,13 @@ reared to adults); ; Yu-Hsiu Lin -leg.; 4 specs preserved in alcohol; NTU +leg.; 4 specs preserved in alcohol; +NTU • - + 2 ♂♂ -( -2 larvae -reared to adults); +(2 larvae reared to adults); Bali District , Wazihwei Beach @@ -840,10 +831,11 @@ reared to adults); ; Yu-Hsiu Lin -leg.; 2 specs preserved in alcohol; NTU +leg.; 2 specs preserved in alcohol; +NTU . – - + Penghu County @@ -851,26 +843,23 @@ leg.; 2 specs preserved in alcohol; NTU 2 ♂♂ , 2 ♀♀ -( -4 larvae -reared to adults); +(4 larvae reared to adults); Huxi Township , -Aimen Beach +Aimen Beach ; 16 Jan. 2020 ; Yu-Hsiu Lin -leg.; preserved in alcohol; NTU +leg.; preserved in alcohol; +NTU • - + 2 ♀♀ -( -2 larvae -reared to adults); +(2 larvae reared to adults); Baisha Township , Houliao Beach @@ -880,31 +869,29 @@ reared to adults); ; Yu-Hsiu Lin -leg.; -1 spec. -preserved in alcohol; NTU +leg.; 1 spec. preserved in alcohol; +NTU • - + 1 ♂ , 1 ♀ -( -2 larvae -reared to adults); +(2 larvae reared to adults); Magong City , -Shanshui Beach +Shanshui Beach ; 16 Jan. 2020 ; Yu-Hsiu Lin -leg.; preserved in alcohol; NTU +leg.; preserved in alcohol; +NTU . – - + Pingtung County @@ -913,17 +900,18 @@ leg.; preserved in alcohol; NTU (larva reared to adult); Checheng Township , -Baoli Forest Area +Baoli Forest Area ; 29 Jan. 2021 ; Yu-Hsiu Lin -leg.; preserved in alcohol; NTU +leg.; preserved in alcohol; +NTU • - + 1 ♂ (cocoon reared to adult); Checheng Township @@ -935,10 +923,11 @@ leg.; preserved in alcohol; NTU ; Kai-Wei Chan -leg.; NTU +leg.; +NTU • - + 1 ♀ (larva reared to adult); Hengchun Township @@ -950,10 +939,11 @@ leg.; NTU ; Yu-Hsiu Lin -leg.; preserved in alcohol; NTU +leg.; preserved in alcohol; +NTU • - + 1 ♂ (larva reared to adult); Hengchun Township @@ -965,10 +955,11 @@ leg.; preserved in alcohol; NTU ; Yu-Hsiu Lin -leg.; preserved in alcohol; NTU +leg.; preserved in alcohol; +NTU • - + 1 ♂ (larva reared to adult); Hengchun Township @@ -980,10 +971,11 @@ leg.; preserved in alcohol; NTU ; Yu-Hsiu Lin -leg.; preserved in alcohol; NTU +leg.; preserved in alcohol; +NTU . – - + Taichung City @@ -992,57 +984,54 @@ leg.; preserved in alcohol; NTU ; Beitun District , -Dakeng Trail +Dakeng Trail ; 26 Nov. 2017 ; Yu-Ching Huang -leg.; by hand; -NCHU +leg.; +by hand +; +NCHU • - + 1 ♂ , 2 ♀♀ -(1 cocoon, -2 larvae -reared to adults); same data as for preceding; +(1 cocoon, 2 larvae reared to adults); same data as for preceding; 24 Jun. 2020 ; Yu-Hsiu Lin -leg.; 2 specs preserved in alcohol; NTU +leg.; 2 specs preserved in alcohol; +NTU . – - + -Tainan -City +Tainan City - • - 1 ♀ ; Xinhua District , -NCHU -Hsinhua (Xinhua) Forest -Station; +NCHU Hsinhua (Xinhua) Forest Station +; 11 Oct. 1984 ; J.T. Yang leg.; -NCHU +NCHU . – - + Taoyuan City @@ -1051,21 +1040,20 @@ leg.; (larva reared to adult); Guanyin District , -Caota Sand Dunes +Caota Sand Dunes ; 8 Nov. 2019 ; Yu-Hsiu Lin -leg.; NTU +leg.; +NTU • - + 3 ♀♀ -( -3 larvae -reared to adults); +(3 larvae reared to adults); Xinwu District , Yongan Seaside Park @@ -1075,10 +1063,13 @@ reared to adults); ; Yu-Hsiu Lin -leg.; preserved in alcohol; NTU +leg.; preserved in alcohol; +NTU . + + Re-description of the adult diff --git a/data/03/84/E9/0384E974FFA3967EFDF3FC45FE389316.xml b/data/03/84/E9/0384E974FFA3967EFDF3FC45FE389316.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..0f4b599b214 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/84/E9/0384E974FFA3967EFDF3FC45FE389316.xml @@ -0,0 +1,715 @@ + + + +Taxonomic revision of the antlion tribe Myrmeleontini (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) of Taiwan + + + +Author + +Lin, Yu-Hsiu Hugh +9DE3E7B3-7541-40FF-8366-F23615F044D6 +Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106332, Taiwan. & Department of Entomology, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA. +hughlin06@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Ko, Chiun-Cheng +290CF231-2518-4C91-A2EA-C184C9728C7F +Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106332, Taiwan. + + + +Author + +Tseng, Hui-Yun +A005A399-9A29-4345-8793-63D9C1611ABE +Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106332, Taiwan. +hytseng1216@ntu.edu.tw + +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy + + +2024 + +2024-11-21 + + +969 + + +1 +61 + + + + +https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2743/12577 + +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2024.969.2743 +2118-9773 +14204763 +3705B6E3-C2DD-42B1-9ED6-1ABBD2EBC20C + + + + + + +Myrmeleon taiwanensis +Miller & Stange, 1999 + + + + + + +Figs 1I +, +26–28 + + + + + + +Myrmeleon taiwanensis +Miller & Stange + +in + + +Miller +et al. +, 1999: 69 + + +. + +Type +locality: +Taiwan +( +Pingtung +). + + + + +Myrmeleon taiwanensis + +– + + +Stange +et al. +2003: 123 + + +. — + +Sekimoto 2014: 21 + +. — + + +Wang +et al. +2018: 107 + + +. + + + + + +Myrmeleon +( +Myrmeleon +) +taiwanensis + +– + +Stange 2004: 336 + +. — + + +Lin +et al. +2019: 140 + + +. + + + + + + +Material examined + + + + + +Holotype + +TAIWAN +• +♂ +(photos examined); +Pingtung County +, +Hengchun Township +, +Fengchuisha Beach +( +Feiha-Tre-Sha Area +, +Kenting Nat’l Park +); +21°56′55.7″ N +, +120°50′11.6″ E +; + +20 Apr. 1998 + +; +Robert A. Miller +, +Lionel A. Stange +and +Hsiau-Yue Wang +leg.; collected as larva, emerged + +24 Jun. 1998 + +; +on beach +; +FSCA 00091192 +. + + + + + +Paratypes + +TAIWAN +– + +Pingtung County + +• +3 ♂♂ +, +1 ♀ +(4 larvae reared to adults); same data as for holotype; +NTM 3624-001 to 3624-003 + +• + +1 ♀ +(larva reared to adult); +Checheng Township +, +Haikou Desert +; +22°05′10.4″ N +, +120°42′15.4″ E +; + +22 Apr. 1998 + +; +Robert A. Miller +, +Lionel A. Stange +and +Hsiau-Yue Wang +leg.; +NTM 3624-004 + +. + + +Additional material + + + +TAIWAN +– + +Pingtung County + +• +1 ♂ +; +Hengchun Township +, “Kenting Bot. Garden” [now +Kenting National Forest Recreation Area +]; + +260 m +a.s.l. + +; + +22–25 Jul. 1980 + +; +D.R. Davis +leg.; subtropical forest; +USNM + +• + +2 ♂♂ +, +2 ♀♀ +(4 larvae reared to adults); +Hengchun Township +, +Baisha Beach +( +White Sand Bay +); + +4 Feb. 2020 + +; +Yu-Hsiu Lin +leg.; 3 specs preserved in alcohol; +NTU + +• + +2 ♂♂ +, +1 ♀ +(3 larvae reared to adults); +Hengchun Township +, +Dawan Beach +; + +3 Feb. 2020 + +; +Yu-Hsiu Lin +leg.; 2 specs preserved in alcohol; +NTU + +• + +2 ♂♂ +, +2 ♀♀ +(4 larvae reared to adults); +Hengchun Township +, +Fengchuisha Beach +; + +3 Feb. 2020 + +; +Yu-Hsiu Lin +leg.; 3 specs preserved in alcohol; +NTU + +• + +1 ♂ +, +2 ♀♀ +(3 larvae reared to adults); +Manzhou Township +, +Gangkou beach +; + +3 Feb. 2020 + +; +Yu-Hsiu Lin +leg.; 2 specs preserved in alcohol; +NTU + +• + +1 ♂ +(larva reared to adult); +Checheng Township +, +Haikou Desert +; + +31 Jan. 2021 + +; +Yu-Hsiu Lin +leg.; +NTU + +• + +2 ♂♂ +(2 larvae reared to adults); +Manzhou Township +, +Jiupeng Desert +; + +4 Feb. 2020 + +; +Yu-Hsiu Lin +leg.; preserved in alcohol; +NTU + +• + +2 ♂♂ +(2 larvae reared to adults); +Hengchun Township +, +Little Bay Beach +; + +31 Jan. 2021 + +; +Yu-Hsiu Lin +leg.; 1 spec. preserved in alcohol; +NTU + +• + +1 ♂ +(larva reared to adult); +Hengchun Township +, +Shuiwaku +; + +7 Feb. 2021 + +; +Yu-Hsiu Lin +, +Bin-Hong Ho +and +Yun Ho +leg.; preserved in alcohol; +NTU + +. – + + +Taitung County + +• +1 ♀ +(larva reared to adult); +Taitung City +, +Haibin Park +; + +6 Feb. 2021 + +; +Yu-Hsiu Lin +, +Bin-Hong Ho +and +Yun Ho +leg.; preserved in alcohol; +NTU + +• + +2 ♀♀ +(2 larvae reared to adults); +Taimali Township +, +Jinlun Beach +; + +6 Feb. 2021 + +; +Yu-Hsiu Lin +, +Bin-Hong Ho +and +Yun Ho +leg.; 1 spec. preserved in alcohol; +NTU + +• + +2 ♀♀ +(2 larvae reared to adults); +Chenggong Township +, +Sanxiantai +; + +5 Feb. 2021 + +; +Yu-Hsiu Lin +, +Bin-Hong Ho +and +Yun Ho +leg.; preserved in alcohol; +NTU + +• + +3 ♀♀ +(3 larvae reared to adults); +Lanyu Township +, +Yeyin Beach +; + +15–16 Jul. 2020 + +; +Yu-Hsiu Lin +leg.; 2 specs preserved in alcohol; +NTU + +• + +1 ♂ +(larva reared to adult); +Lanyu Township +, +Yeyou River +mouth; + +17 Jul. 2020 + +; +Yu-Hsiu Lin +leg.; preserved in alcohol; +NTU + +. + + + + +Fig. 26. + +Myrmeleon taiwanensis +Miller & Stange, 1999 + +(NTU). +A +. Head, frontal view. +B +. Head and thorax, dorsal habitus. +C +. Wings. Abbreviations: A = anal veins; C = costa; Cu = cubitus; CuA = cubitus anterior; CuP = cubitus posterior; MA = media anterior; MP = media posterior; pB = posterior Banksian line; RA = radius anterior; RP = radius posterior; Sc = subcosta. Scale bars:A–B = 1.0 mm; C = 10.0 mm. + + + + + +Re-description of the adult + + + +MEASUREMENTS +( +♂ +n =10, +♀ +n = 9). Body length: +♂ +22.8–27.1 mm +, +♀ +23.3–26.2 mm +; forewing: length +♂ +22.5–27.4 mm +, +♀ +25.1–28.3 mm +; width +♂ +5.3–6.5 mm +, +♀ +5.8–6.5 mm +; width/length ratio +♂ +0.2338, +♀ +0.2324; hindwing: length +♂ +21.4–25.3 mm +, +♀ +22.7–25.9 mm +; width +♂ +4.4–5.6 mm +, +♀ +4.6–5.7 mm +; width/length ratio +♂ +0.2115, +♀ +0.2116. + + +HEAD +( +Fig. 26A–B +). Vertex strongly raised, rounded, black, 4 shiny black spots along anterior margin and 4 shiny black spots along posterior margins, with sparse short black hairs; occiput dark brown, paler in middle. Frons shiny black, covered with sparse short hyaline hairs; gena whitish-yellow, with an incomplete white line along ocular rim; clypeus whitish-yellow with a pair of dark brown spots (sometimes pale), with sparse hyaline hairs. Antenna brown, short, with slightly defined club, covered with short dark hairs; scape dark brown with a ring of white band at base; pedicel dark brown with a ring of white band at base; flagellum comprising approximately 30 flagellomeres. Mouthparts yellow, labrum yellow, with several hyaline hairs; maxillary palps dark brown, whitish-yellow between each palpomere, labial palps dark brown, 3 +rd +palpomere black, fusiform, tapering to acute apex, with brown round palpimacula on apical ⅓; submentum with long dark hairs. + + + +Fig. 27. + +Myrmeleon taiwanensis +Miller & Stange, 1999 + +(NTU). +A +. Female terminalia, lateral view. +B +. Same, ventral view. +C +. Male terminalia, lateral view. +D +. Same, ventral view. Abbreviations: ag = anterior gonapophysis; ect = ectoproct; lg = lateral gonapophysis; pg = posterior gonapophysis; pp = pregenital plate; S = sternites; T = tergites. Scale bars = 1.0 mm. + + + +THORAX +( +Fig. 26B +). Pronotum broad, shorter than wide, dark brown, anterior margin with whitish-yellow bands on lateral side, membrane whitish-yellow, with triangular brown marking in middle, with hyaline hairs and long dark hairs. Cervical sclerites dark brown. Mesonotum dark brown, with sparse hyaline hairs; mesoscutum dark brown. Metanotum dark brown, covered with sparse hyaline hairs. Meso- and metapleuron dark brown, moderately covered with long hyaline hairs. + + +LEGS +. Whitish-yellow, short. Coxae dark brown, fore coxae with yellow markings, moderately covered with long hyaline hairs. Femora moderately covered with short dark hairs, mixed with sparse long black setae; all femora whitish-yellow, dark brown on distal half; femoral sense hair length about ½ of femur length on fore and mid legs, absent on hind leg. Tibiae moderately covered with short dark hairs, mixed with sparse long black setae; fore tibia dark brown; mid- and hind tibia whitish-yellow, dark brown on ventral surface. Tibial spurs reddish-brown, short, slender, almost straight, slightly longer than tarsomere 1 (approximately as long on hind leg). Tarsi dark brown, tarsomere 1 whitish-yellow on dorsal surface, sparsely covered with short dark hairs dorsally, short black setae ventrally; tarsomere 1 shorter than combined length of tarsomeres 2–4; tarsomere 5 approximately as long as combined length of tarsomeres 1–4. Pretarsal claws reddish-brown, short, simple, curved, shorter than tibial spurs. + + +WINGS +( +Fig. 26C +). Without markings, hyaline. Forewings acute at apex; veins and crossveins mostly pale brown, Sc, RA and CuA finely alternating brown and pale yellow; costal area without interconnected crossveins, distal crossveins often branched; presectoral area with 8–10 crossveins and 0 irregular cells; RP arising slightly beyond CuA fork, with 12–16 crossveins from origin of RP to hypostigmatic cell; CuP supporting 1 cell before fusing with 1A; 3A mostly fused with 2A; hypostigmatic cell long; pterostigma pale white, slightly visible; anterior Banksian line absent, posterior Banksian line distinct. Hindwings slightly shorter and narrower than forewings; acute at apex; presectoral area with 5 crossveins and 0 irregular cells; RP arising beyond MP fork, at origin runs closer to MA, with 10–12 crossveins from origin of RP to hypostigmatic cell; hypostigmatic cell longer than forewing; pterostigma pale white, slightly visible; anterior Banksian line absent, posterior Banksian line slightly distinct; male with dark brown pilula axillaris. + + +ABDOMEN +( +Fig. 1I +). Shorter than hindwing, tergites dark brown, sternite dark brown, densely covered with short dark hairs dorsally and laterally, hyaline hairs ventrally. + + +FEMALE +TERMINALIA +( +Fig. 27A–B +). Tergite VIII at least 2 times as wide as tergite IX. Tergite IX narrow, rectangular in lateral view. Ectoproct semicircular in lateral view, with long, black fossorial bristles on ventral half. Lateral gonapophyses semicircular in lateral view, smaller than ectoproct, with long, black fossorial bristles on posterior side and long, thin, black setae on ventral side. Posterior gonapophyses long, slender, with long, black setae. Anterior gonapophyses slightly lobed, separated, with long, thick, black setae. Pregenital plate well sclerotized, semicircular, presented on posterior margin of sternite VII. + + +MALE +GENITALIA +( +Figs 27C–D +, +28 +). Ectoproct trapezoid in lateral view, slightly curved toward posterior, dorsal margin shorter than ventral margin, covered with short pale brown hair, ventral half with long black setae. Sternite IX shorter than combined length of tergite IX and ectoproct, tapered in ventral view, with long black setae posteriorly. Gonarcus arched, cresent-shaped in lateral view. Mediuncus well sclerotized, black, rectangular in caudal view, ventral margin with a median groove. Parameres well sclerotized, large, black, triangular in lateral view, parallelogram in caudal view, separated, with short black setae. + + + + + +Distribution + + + +Taiwan +( +Pingtung +, +Taitung +, also on the associated island of Lanyu) ( +Fig. 31I +), +Japan +(Iriomote Island, Ishigaki Island, +Okinawa +Island). + + + + + +Biology + + + +The larvae inhabit coastal environments in the southern parts of +Taiwan +, preferring sheltered conditions like beneath coastal vegetation ( + +Lin +et al. +2021 + +). + + + + + +Remarks + + + +This is a medium-sized species, the overall morphology of the adult resembles + +M. persimilis + +, + +M. heppneri + +and + +M. punctinervis + +, but with narrower wings and can be recognized by the fully dark-colored vertex and thorax ( +Fig. 26A–C +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/84/E9/0384E974FFA79662FDC8FEFEFC5893F2.xml b/data/03/84/E9/0384E974FFA79662FDC8FEFEFC5893F2.xml index 74fa545d498..a02b3de10d9 100644 --- a/data/03/84/E9/0384E974FFA79662FDC8FEFEFC5893F2.xml +++ b/data/03/84/E9/0384E974FFA79662FDC8FEFEFC5893F2.xml @@ -1,61 +1,61 @@ - - - -Taxonomic revision of the antlion tribe Myrmeleontini (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) of Taiwan + + + +Taxonomic revision of the antlion tribe Myrmeleontini (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) of Taiwan - - -Author + + +Author -Lin, Yu-Hsiu Hugh -9DE3E7B3-7541-40FF-8366-F23615F044D6 -Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106332, Taiwan. & Department of Entomology, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA. -hughlin06@gmail.com +Lin, Yu-Hsiu Hugh +9DE3E7B3-7541-40FF-8366-F23615F044D6 +Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106332, Taiwan. & Department of Entomology, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA. +hughlin06@gmail.com - - -Author + + +Author -Ko, Chiun-Cheng -290CF231-2518-4C91-A2EA-C184C9728C7F -Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106332, Taiwan. & Deceased 29 October 2020. +Ko, Chiun-Cheng +290CF231-2518-4C91-A2EA-C184C9728C7F +Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106332, Taiwan. - - -Author + + +Author -Tseng, Hui-Yun -A005A399-9A29-4345-8793-63D9C1611ABE -Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106332, Taiwan. -hytseng1216@ntu.edu.tw +Tseng, Hui-Yun +A005A399-9A29-4345-8793-63D9C1611ABE +Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106332, Taiwan. +hytseng1216@ntu.edu.tw -text - - -European Journal of Taxonomy +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy - -2024 - -2024-11-21 + +2024 + +2024-11-21 - -969 + +969 - -1 -61 + +1 +61 - -https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2743/12577 + +https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2743/12577 -journal article -10.5852/ejt.2024.969.2743 -2118-9773 -14204763 -3705B6E3-C2DD-42B1-9ED6-1ABBD2EBC20C +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2024.969.2743 +2118-9773 +14204763 +3705B6E3-C2DD-42B1-9ED6-1ABBD2EBC20C @@ -77,21 +77,21 @@ - + Myrmeleon punctinervis Banks, 1937: 287 -. +. + Type locality: Taiwan ( Nantou ). - @@ -142,40 +142,45 @@ Lin - + Material examined - + + Holotype - - - TAIWAN • ♂ (photos examined); Nantou County , -Puli Township -, “Hori” [now Puli]; +Puli Township +, “ +Hori +” [now +Puli +]; 15 Jun. 1934 ; L. Gressitt -leg.; MCZC MCZ-ENT 00020200. +leg.; +MCZC +MCZ-ENT 00020200 +. Additional material - + TAIWAN – @@ -187,8 +192,8 @@ leg.; MCZC MCZ-ENT 00020200. 1 ♀ ; Liugui District -, Liugui (Liukuei) -River Basin +, +Liugui (Liukuei) River Basin ; 23°00′3.6″ N , @@ -203,10 +208,11 @@ leg.; MCZC MCZ-ENT 00020200. Lionel A. Stange and Hsiau-Yue Wang -leg.; TAMU X0405710, X0068838 +leg.; +TAMU X0405710, X0068838 • - + 1 ♀ ; Taoyuan District @@ -219,10 +225,10 @@ leg.; TAMU X0405710, X0068838 ; W.I. Chou leg.; -NMNS +NMNS . – - + Kinmen County @@ -231,17 +237,18 @@ leg.; (larva reared to adult); Jinsha Township , -Kinmen County Forest Affair Place +Kinmen County Forest Affair Place ; 2 Sep. 2020 ; Yu-Hsiu Lin -leg.; preserved in alcohol; NTU +leg.; preserved in alcohol; +NTU • - + 1 ♀ (larva reared to adult); Jinhu Township @@ -253,10 +260,11 @@ leg.; preserved in alcohol; NTU ; Yu-Hsiu Lin -leg.; preserved in alcohol; NTU +leg.; preserved in alcohol; +NTU • - + 1 ♀ (larva reared to adult); Jinsha Township @@ -270,10 +278,11 @@ leg.; preserved in alcohol; NTU Bin-Hong Ho and Yun Ho -leg.; preserved in alcohol; NTU +leg.; preserved in alcohol; +NTU • - + 1 ♂ (larva reared to adult); Jinhu Township @@ -287,10 +296,11 @@ leg.; preserved in alcohol; NTU Bin-Hong Ho and Yun Ho -leg.; preserved in alcohol; NTU +leg.; preserved in alcohol; +NTU . – - + Miaoli County @@ -299,32 +309,32 @@ leg.; preserved in alcohol; NTU (larva reared to adult); Zhunan Township , -Qiding Beach +Qiding Beach ; 8 Nov. 2019 ; Yu-Hsiu Lin -leg.; preserved in alcohol; NTU +leg.; preserved in alcohol; +NTU • - + 2 ♂♂ , 1 ♀ -( -2 larvae -reared to adults); same data as for preceding; +(2 larvae reared to adults); same data as for preceding; 4 May 2020 ; Yu-Hsiu Lin -leg.; preserved in alcohol; NTU +leg.; preserved in alcohol; +NTU • - + 1 ♂ ; Taian Township @@ -336,17 +346,17 @@ leg.; preserved in alcohol; NTU ; C.S. Lin -leg.; by UV light-trap; -NMNS +leg.; by +UV light-trap +; +NMNS • - + 1 ♂ , 1 ♀ -( -2 larvae -reared to adults); +(2 larvae reared to adults); Tongxiao Township , Tongxiao Beach @@ -356,41 +366,35 @@ reared to adults); ; Yu-Hsiu Lin -leg.; -1 spec. -preserved in alcohol; NTU +leg.; 1 spec. preserved in alcohol; +NTU . – - + New Taipei City • 2 ♀♀ -( -2 larvae -reared to adults); +(2 larvae reared to adults); Linkou District , -Linkou Canyon +Linkou Canyon ; 8 Nov. 2019 ; Yu-Hsiu Lin -leg.; -1 spec. -preserved in alcohol; NTU +leg.; 1 spec. preserved in alcohol; +NTU • - + 1 ♂ , 1 ♀ -( -2 larvae -reared to adults); +(2 larvae reared to adults); Tamsui District , Shalun Seaside Resort @@ -400,10 +404,11 @@ reared to adults); ; Kai-Wei Chan -leg.; NTU +leg.; +NTU . – - + Taichung City @@ -412,7 +417,7 @@ leg.; NTU ; Beitun District , -Dakeng Trail +Dakeng Trail ; 10 May 1991 @@ -420,10 +425,10 @@ leg.; NTU ; C.H. Tung leg.; -NCHU +NCHU • - + 1 ♀ ; South District @@ -435,21 +440,22 @@ leg.; ; W.T. Wu -leg.; by hand; -NMNS +leg.; +by hand +; +NMNS . – + -Tainan -City +Tainan City • - 1 ♂ (larva reared to adult); Anping District , -Yuguangdao +Yuguangdao ; 25 Jan. 2021 @@ -458,10 +464,11 @@ City Bin-Hong Ho and Yun Ho -leg.; NTU +leg.; +NTU . – - + Taoyuan City @@ -469,24 +476,21 @@ leg.; NTU 1 ♂ , 1 ♀ -( -2 larvae -reared to adults); +(2 larvae reared to adults); Dayuan District , -Zhuwei Beach +Zhuwei Beach ; 14 Jun. 2020 ; Yu-Hsiu Lin -leg.; -1 spec. -preserved in alcohol; NTU +leg.; 1 spec. preserved in alcohol; +NTU . – - + Yilan County @@ -497,11 +501,7 @@ preserved in alcohol; NTU ; Datong Township , -Yingshi -( -Yinshih -) -Bridge +Yingshi (Yinshih) Bridge ; 320 m @@ -517,10 +517,13 @@ a.s.l. Lionel A. Stange and Hsiau-Yue Wang -leg.; TAMU X0068844, X0404947 +leg.; +TAMU X0068844, X0404947 . + + Re-description of the adult diff --git a/data/03/84/E9/0384E974FFAA9667FDFFFB5CFAF894DE.xml b/data/03/84/E9/0384E974FFAA9667FDFFFB5CFAF894DE.xml index 688a8c510f0..12800bf9d1d 100644 --- a/data/03/84/E9/0384E974FFAA9667FDFFFB5CFAF894DE.xml +++ b/data/03/84/E9/0384E974FFAA9667FDFFFB5CFAF894DE.xml @@ -1,61 +1,61 @@ - - - -Taxonomic revision of the antlion tribe Myrmeleontini (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) of Taiwan + + + +Taxonomic revision of the antlion tribe Myrmeleontini (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) of Taiwan - - -Author + + +Author -Lin, Yu-Hsiu Hugh -9DE3E7B3-7541-40FF-8366-F23615F044D6 -Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106332, Taiwan. & Department of Entomology, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA. -hughlin06@gmail.com +Lin, Yu-Hsiu Hugh +9DE3E7B3-7541-40FF-8366-F23615F044D6 +Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106332, Taiwan. & Department of Entomology, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA. +hughlin06@gmail.com - - -Author + + +Author -Ko, Chiun-Cheng -290CF231-2518-4C91-A2EA-C184C9728C7F -Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106332, Taiwan. & Deceased 29 October 2020. +Ko, Chiun-Cheng +290CF231-2518-4C91-A2EA-C184C9728C7F +Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106332, Taiwan. - - -Author + + +Author -Tseng, Hui-Yun -A005A399-9A29-4345-8793-63D9C1611ABE -Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106332, Taiwan. -hytseng1216@ntu.edu.tw +Tseng, Hui-Yun +A005A399-9A29-4345-8793-63D9C1611ABE +Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106332, Taiwan. +hytseng1216@ntu.edu.tw -text - - -European Journal of Taxonomy +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy - -2024 - -2024-11-21 + +2024 + +2024-11-21 - -969 + +969 - -1 -61 + +1 +61 - -https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2743/12577 + +https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2743/12577 -journal article -10.5852/ejt.2024.969.2743 -2118-9773 -14204763 -3705B6E3-C2DD-42B1-9ED6-1ABBD2EBC20C +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2024.969.2743 +2118-9773 +14204763 +3705B6E3-C2DD-42B1-9ED6-1ABBD2EBC20C @@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ - + Myrmeleon persimilis Miller & Stange @@ -90,14 +90,14 @@ Miller , 1999: 67 -. +. + Type locality: Taiwan ( Pingtung ). - @@ -148,19 +148,17 @@ Lin - + Material examined - + + Holotype - - - TAIWAN • ♂ @@ -169,8 +167,12 @@ Lin , Hengchun Township , -Fengchuisha Beach -(Feiha-Tre-Sha Area, Kenting Nat’l Park); +Fengchuisha Beach +( +Feiha-Tre-Sha Area +, +Kenting Nat’l Park +); 21°56′55.7″ N , 120°50′11.6″ E @@ -188,18 +190,18 @@ leg.; collected as larva, emerged 28 Jun. 1998 -; on beach; +; +on beach +; FSCA 00090997 . - + + Paratypes - - - TAIWAN – @@ -212,7 +214,7 @@ leg.; collected as larva, emerged , Tongxiao Beach ( -Tonshou +Tonshou ); 24°29′47.5″ N , @@ -231,7 +233,7 @@ leg.; NTM 3623-007 . – - + New Taipei City @@ -239,14 +241,12 @@ leg.; 1 ♂ , 1 ♀ -( -2 larvae -reared to adults); +(2 larvae reared to adults); Tamsui District , Shalun Seaside Resort ( -Damshuei +Damshuei ); 6 May 1998 @@ -258,21 +258,18 @@ reared to adults); and Hsiau-Yue Wang leg.; -NTM 3623-005 -, -3623-006 +NTM 3623-005, 3623-006 • - + 1 ♂ , 1 ♀ -( -2 larvae -reared to adults); same data as for preceding; TAMU X0405606, X0405458 +(2 larvae reared to adults); same data as for preceding; +TAMU X0405606, X0405458 . – - + Pingtung County @@ -280,12 +277,8 @@ reared to adults); same data as for preceding; TAMU X0405606, X0405458 2 ♂♂ , 2 ♀♀ -( -4 larvae -reared to adults); same data as for holotype; -NTM 3623-001 -to -3623-004 +(4 larvae reared to adults); same data as for holotype; +NTM 3623-001 to 3623-004 . @@ -293,7 +286,7 @@ to Additional material - + TAIWAN – @@ -304,7 +297,7 @@ to (larva reared to adult); Jinsha Township , -Tianpu Reservoir +Tianpu Reservoir ; 3 Apr. 2021 @@ -313,10 +306,11 @@ to Bin-Hong Ho and Yun Ho -leg.; preserved in alcohol; NTU +leg.; preserved in alcohol; +NTU • - + 1 ♂ (larva reared to adult); Jinhu Township @@ -330,10 +324,11 @@ leg.; preserved in alcohol; NTU Bin-Hong Ho and Yun Ho -leg.; preserved in alcohol; NTU +leg.; preserved in alcohol; +NTU . – - + Miaoli County @@ -341,45 +336,41 @@ leg.; preserved in alcohol; NTU 2 ♂♂ , 1 ♀ -( -3 larvae -reared to adults); +(3 larvae reared to adults); Tongxiao Township , -Tongxiao Beach +Tongxiao Beach ; 4 May 2020 ; Yu-Hsiu Lin -leg.; 3 specs preserved in alcohol; NTU +leg.; 3 specs preserved in alcohol; +NTU . – - + New Taipei City • 2 ♀♀ -( -2 larvae -reared to adults); +(2 larvae reared to adults); Gongliao District , -Fulong -seaside park; +Fulong seaside park +; 7 Jun. 2019 ; Yu-Hsiu Lin -leg.; -1 spec. -preserved in alcohol; NTU +leg.; 1 spec. preserved in alcohol; +NTU • - + 1 ♂ (larva reared to adult); Tamsui District @@ -391,10 +382,11 @@ preserved in alcohol; NTU ; Kai-Wei Chan -leg.; NTU +leg.; +NTU • - + 1 ♂ (larva reared to adult); same data as for preceding; @@ -402,10 +394,11 @@ leg.; NTU ; Yu-Hsiu Lin -leg.; NTU +leg.; +NTU . – - + Penghu County @@ -414,21 +407,20 @@ leg.; NTU (larva reared to adult); Huxi Township , -Aimen Beach +Aimen Beach ; 16 Jan. 2020 ; Yu-Hsiu Lin -leg.; NTU +leg.; +NTU • - + 2 ♂♂ -( -2 larvae -reared to adults); +(2 larvae reared to adults); Baisha Township , Houliao Beach @@ -438,12 +430,11 @@ reared to adults); ; Yu-Hsiu Lin -leg.; -1 spec. -preserved in alcohol; NTU +leg.; 1 spec. preserved in alcohol; +NTU • - + 1 ♀ (larva reared to adult); Huxi Township @@ -455,14 +446,13 @@ preserved in alcohol; NTU ; Yu-Hsiu Lin -leg.; preserved in alcohol; NTU +leg.; preserved in alcohol; +NTU • - + 2 ♂♂ -( -2 larvae -reared to adults); +(2 larvae reared to adults); Huxi Township , Lizhengjiao Beach @@ -472,25 +462,27 @@ reared to adults); ; Yu-Hsiu Lin -leg.; preserved in alcohol; NTU +leg.; preserved in alcohol; +NTU • - + 1 ♂ (larva reared to adult); Magong City , -Shili Beach +Shili Beach ; 13 Jan. 2020 ; Yu-Hsiu Lin -leg.; NTU +leg.; +NTU . – - + Pingtung County @@ -499,17 +491,18 @@ leg.; NTU ; Hengchun Township , -Fengchuisha Beach +Fengchuisha Beach ; 12 Feb. 2019 ; Kai-Wei Chan -leg.; NTU +leg.; +NTU • - + 1 ♂ (larva reared to adult); Manzhou Township @@ -521,10 +514,13 @@ leg.; NTU ; Yu-Hsiu Lin -leg.; NTU +leg.; +NTU . + + Re-description of the adult diff --git a/data/03/84/E9/0384E974FFAE966BFDE2FCF9FDBA94FC.xml b/data/03/84/E9/0384E974FFAE966BFDE2FCF9FDBA94FC.xml index b673af8087c..8e43083eea9 100644 --- a/data/03/84/E9/0384E974FFAE966BFDE2FCF9FDBA94FC.xml +++ b/data/03/84/E9/0384E974FFAE966BFDE2FCF9FDBA94FC.xml @@ -1,61 +1,61 @@ - - - -Taxonomic revision of the antlion tribe Myrmeleontini (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) of Taiwan + + + +Taxonomic revision of the antlion tribe Myrmeleontini (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) of Taiwan - - -Author + + +Author -Lin, Yu-Hsiu Hugh -9DE3E7B3-7541-40FF-8366-F23615F044D6 -Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106332, Taiwan. & Department of Entomology, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA. -hughlin06@gmail.com +Lin, Yu-Hsiu Hugh +9DE3E7B3-7541-40FF-8366-F23615F044D6 +Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106332, Taiwan. & Department of Entomology, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA. +hughlin06@gmail.com - - -Author + + +Author -Ko, Chiun-Cheng -290CF231-2518-4C91-A2EA-C184C9728C7F -Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106332, Taiwan. & Deceased 29 October 2020. +Ko, Chiun-Cheng +290CF231-2518-4C91-A2EA-C184C9728C7F +Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106332, Taiwan. - - -Author + + +Author -Tseng, Hui-Yun -A005A399-9A29-4345-8793-63D9C1611ABE -Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106332, Taiwan. -hytseng1216@ntu.edu.tw +Tseng, Hui-Yun +A005A399-9A29-4345-8793-63D9C1611ABE +Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106332, Taiwan. +hytseng1216@ntu.edu.tw -text - - -European Journal of Taxonomy +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy - -2024 - -2024-11-21 + +2024 + +2024-11-21 - -969 + +969 - -1 -61 + +1 +61 - -https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2743/12577 + +https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2743/12577 -journal article -10.5852/ejt.2024.969.2743 -2118-9773 -14204763 -3705B6E3-C2DD-42B1-9ED6-1ABBD2EBC20C +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2024.969.2743 +2118-9773 +14204763 +3705B6E3-C2DD-42B1-9ED6-1ABBD2EBC20C @@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ - + Myrmeleon heppneri Miller & Stange @@ -90,14 +90,14 @@ Miller , 1999: 63 -. +. + Type locality: Taiwan ( New Taipei ). - @@ -164,32 +164,28 @@ Lin - + Material examined - + + Holotype - - - TAIWAN • ♂ -(photos examined) (larva reared to adult); “ -Taipei -County” [now +(photos examined) (larva reared to adult); “Taipei County” [now New Taipei City ], Tamshui District , Shalun Seaside Resort ( -Damshuei Beach +Damshuei Beach ); 6 May 1998 @@ -205,13 +201,11 @@ leg.; . - + + Paratypes - - - TAIWAN – @@ -221,9 +215,7 @@ leg.; 1 ♂ , 1 ♀ -( -2 larvae -reared to adults); same data as for holotype; +(2 larvae reared to adults); same data as for holotype; NTM 3619-001 , 3619-002 @@ -234,7 +226,7 @@ reared to adults); same data as for holotype; Additional material - + TAIWAN – @@ -244,10 +236,13 @@ reared to adults); same data as for holotype; 1 ♂ , 1 ♀ -; same data as for holotype; TAMU X0068708, X0068765 +; same data as for holotype; +TAMU X0068708 +, +X0068765 . – - + Taoyuan City @@ -255,20 +250,21 @@ reared to adults); same data as for holotype; 1 ♂ , 1 pupa -( -1 larva -reared to adult); -Dayuan District -, Zhuwei Beach; +(1 larva reared to adult); +Dayuan District +, +Zhuwei Beach +; 27 Oct. 2019 ; Yu-Hsiu Lin -leg.; 2 specs preserved in alcohol; NTU +leg.; 2 specs preserved in alcohol; +NTU • - + 1 ♀ (larva reared to adult); same data as for preceding; @@ -276,10 +272,13 @@ leg.; 2 specs preserved in alcohol; NTU ; Yu-Hsiu Lin -leg.; NTU +leg.; +NTU . + + Re-description of the adult diff --git a/data/0D/36/8D/0D368D4EFF01FFC8FC95FF7BFE331389.xml b/data/0D/36/8D/0D368D4EFF01FFC8FC95FF7BFE331389.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..3a3cb2d414d --- /dev/null +++ b/data/0D/36/8D/0D368D4EFF01FFC8FC95FF7BFE331389.xml @@ -0,0 +1,405 @@ + + + +Skeletal reconstruction of fossil vertebrates as a process of hypothesis testing and a source of anatomical and palaeobiological inferences + + + +Author + +Sullivan, Corwin +Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T 6 G 2 E 9 (Canada) and Philip J. Currie Dinosaur Museum, 9301 112 Avenue, Wembley, AB, T 0 H 3 S 0 (Canada) corwin 1 @ ualberta. ca (corresponding author) +corwin1@ualberta.ca + + + +Author + +Sissons, Robin +Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T 6 G 2 E 9 (Canada) +robin.sissons@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Sharpe, Henry +Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T 6 G 2 E 9 (Canada) +hssharpe@ualberta.ca + + + +Author + +Nguyen, Khoi +Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T 6 G 2 E 9 (Canada) +khoi2@ualberta.ca + + + +Author + +Theurer, Brandon +Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T 6 G 2 E 9 (Canada) robin. sissons @ gmail. com hssharpe @ ualberta. ca khoi 2 @ ualberta. ca btheurer @ ualberta. ca +robin.sissons@gmail.com + +text + + +Comptes Rendus Palevol + + +2024 + +2024-02-05 + + +23 + + +5 + + +69 +83 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a5 + +journal article +305360 +10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a5 +dd79d883-e39a-4c14-bef8-636d4884d05e +1777-571X +14205945 +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F2E2FBC3-710A-4685-947C-A9C023D8B01C + + + + +CASE +STUDY +II: +FORELIMB +OF + + +PACHYRHINOSAURUS + + +LAKUSTAI + + + + + + +This case study focusses on a reconstruction of the shoulder girdle and forelimb of an adult + +Pachyrhinosaurus lakustai +, + +a centrosaurine ceratopsid from the Upper Cretaceous Wapiti Formation of northern +Alberta +( +Fig. 5A, B +), that was produced mainly by one of us (KN) for a forthcoming descriptive paper (Vice +et al. +work in progress). The reconstruction was partly based on a previously published illustration by +Thompson & Holmes (2007) +, depicting the shoulder girdle and forelimb of the chasmosaurine + +Vagaceratops irvinensis +(Holmes, Forster, Ryan & Shepherd, 2001) + +in what they considered to be a “neutral” semi-erect standing position ( +Fig. 5D +). The + +P. lakustai + +reconstruction followed that of +Thompson & Holmes (2007) +in showing a right forelimb in a semi-erect standing pose, in anterior and lateral views, but differed from their reconstruction in being orthographic in nature. + + +One obstacle encountered during the reconstruction process was the limited availability of reference material. All known + +P. lakustai + +specimens are from the Pipestone Creek Bonebed south of Wembley, +Alberta +, in which juvenile to adult bones are preserved in a disarticulated condition with varying degrees of distortion ( +Ralrick & Tanke 2008 +). The consequent lack of a complete, undistorted, and articulated adult + +P. lakustai + +forelimb led to heavy reliance on other ceratopsids, including + +Centrosaurus + +, + +Styracosaurus + +, + +Vagaceratops +, +Triceratops +, + +and + +Pachyrhinosaurus +sp. + +from the Wapiti River Bonebed (WRB) locality ( + +Fanti +et al. +2015 + +), to fill the gaps in the + +P. lakustai + +hypodigm. For example, several well preserved centrosaurine specimens of varying completeness, such as the + +Centrosaurus + +humerus UALVP 55164 and the + +Styracosaurus + +partial skeleton UALVP 55900, provided information on osteological details such as tubercles and ridges. Given the need to rely on observations from other ceratopsid taxa, even the final version of the reconstruction represents a more or less provisional hypothesis that could readily be tested further should an articulated pectoral girdle and forelimb of + +P. lakustai + +be found in the future. + + +The reconstruction used reference photos of + +P. lakustai + +bones as a starting point. The orthographic approach made it necessary to “flatten” many elements captured in the reference photos, removing the effects of perspective to keep the positions of key landmarks consistent across both views. To minimise the amount of perspective distortion in the original reference photos, a telephoto camera lens with a focal length from +50-75 mm +was used whenever this was logistically feasible. Photos of complete and articulated ceratopsid forelimbs, primarily an articulated right + +Centrosaurus apertus + +forelimb (UALVP 55261) that was available for direct examination, and + +Triceratops + +(NSM PV 20379) and + +Vagaceratops irvinensis + +(CMN 41357) specimens described in the literature ( +Thompson & Holmes 2007 +; +Fujiwara 2009 +), were used as a basis for scaling and orienting the elements in both views. Because most of the bones were steeply inclined either anteroventrally or posteroventrally, perspective had a strong impact on the anterior view, which was corrected by projecting multiple landmarks from the lateral view into the transverse plane as a guide to the proper proportions of each element. Perspective effects on the lateral view were less pronounced, because the limb segments were not strongly angled relative to the sagittal plane, and were considered to lie within the margin of acceptability given the use of the telephoto lens. + + + +FIG +. 4. — Cranial anatomy of the hadrosaurid dinosaur + +Edmontosaurus regalis +Lambe, 1917 + +: +A +, +B +, digital model of scanned, retrodeformed, and reassembled skull of + +E. regalis +CMN 2289 + +: +A +, right lateral view; +B +, anterior view; +C +, +D +, orthographic reconstructions of the skull of + +E. regalis + +: +C +, right lateral view; +D +, anterior view. Reconstruction based mainly on CMN 2289, with missing portions filled in using other specimens of + +E. regalis + +(NHMUK R8927 and ROM 801). Position of the eyeball inferred from a sclerotic ring preserved in a specimen of + +E. annectens +(Marsh, 1892) + +(ROM 57100). Scale bars: 10 cm. + + + +The reconstruction process led to novel insights into the forelimb anatomy of + +P. lakustai + +, particularly with respect to the structure of the metacarpus. The metacarpal configuration of centrosaurines is poorly known, so the reconstruction of the + +P. lakustai + +manus was informed by previous work on associated, and in some cases articulated, specimens of other neoceratopsians, mostly chasmosaurines ( +Thompson & Holmes 2007 +; +Fujiwara 2009 +; +Mallon & Holmes 2010 +). +Thompson & Holmes (2007) +reconstructed the manus of + +V. irvinensis + +with only slight contact between the proximal heads of the metacarpals, which were all depicted as being in approximately the same plane ( +Fig. 5D +). The metacarpus of + +P. lakustai + +was initially reconstructed in a similar configuration, but this resulted in a proximal articular surface that was substantially wider than the opposing articular surface formed by the distal ends of the ulna and radius, a clearly implausible arrangement even allowing for the likely presence of both ossified and cartilaginous carpal elements. Additionally, Holmes (2022 pers. comm.) indicated that +Thompson & Holmes (2007) +had deliberately flattened and spread out the metacarpus of + +V. irvinensis + +to better show the morphology of each element. + +IV III II I + + +FIG +. 5. — +A +, +B +, Reconstructed right shoulder girdle and forelimb of ceratopsid dinosaur + +Pachyrhinosaurus lakustai +Currie,Langston & Tanke,2008 + +in a hypothetical standing pose: +A +, lateral view; +B +, anterior view; +C +, proximal view of left metacarpal II of + +Pachyrhinosaurus lakustai + +(UALVP 54961), showing subtriangular outline of proximal articular surface; +D +, reconstructed forelimb of + +Chasmosaurus irvinensis +Holmes,Forster, Ryan & Shepherd,2001 + +in anterior view, posed in semi-erect stance as inferred by +Thompson & Holmes (2007) +. Abbreviations: +car +, carpal; +co +, coracoid; +h +, humerus; +mc +; metacarpal; +ph +, phalanx; +r +, radius; +sc +, scapula; +ul +, ulna. Roman numerals identify digits. Scale bars: A-C, 5 cm; D, not to scale. Credits: C, Rebekah Vice; D, +Thompson & Holmes (2007) +. + + + +Accordingly, the reconstruction of + +P. lakustai + +was revised to show a more transversely arched metacarpus with the proximal heads of the metacarpals in closer contact ( +Fig. 5A, B +). This resulted in a proximal articular surface that better fitted the distal articular surface of the antebrachium, and the arched metacarpus also resembled those of + +Triceratops +( +Fujiwara 2009 +) + +and the well articulated but indeterminate chasmosaurine CMN 8547 ( +Mallon & Holmes 2010 +). Moreover, transverse arching of the metacarpus is consistent with the fact that the proximal surface of metacarpal II strongly tapers ventrally ( +Fig. 5C +), and the presence of rugosities indicates possible close intermetacarpal contacts near the proximal ends of some of the metacarpals known from the Pipestone Creek Bonebed. However, the proximal end of metacarpal III appears more medially expanded relative to the shaft in + +P. lakustai + +than in chasmosaurines, implying correspondingly greater separation between the shafts of MC II and MC III ( +Thompson & Holmes 2007 +; +Fujiwara 2009 +; +Mallon & Holmes 2010 +). For this reason, the shafts of these metacarpals are separated by a distinct gap in our reconstruction of the manus of + +P. lakustai + +( +Fig. 5B +), rather than closely adjacent as in +Fujiwara’s (2009 +: fig. 8B) reconstruction of the manus of + +Triceratops +Marsh, 1889 + +and Thompson & Holmes’ (2007) reconstruction of + +V. irvinensis + +( +Fig. 5D +). Verification of the arched configuration and the degree of separation between the shafts of MC II and MC III awaits a detailed description of the articulated manus of a centrosaurine, and ideally of + +P.lakustai + +specifically. However, the chasmosaurine condition, the morphology of the proximal ends of the metacarpals of + +P. lakustai + +, and the geometric fit between the articular surfaces of the antebrachium and metacarpus all weigh against the hypothesis that the metacarpals were widely spaced and in a single plane, suggesting that the metacarpus of + +P. lakustai + +was indeed transversely arched. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/0D/36/8D/0D368D4EFF01FFCDFF3CFD35FE4B1188.xml b/data/0D/36/8D/0D368D4EFF01FFCDFF3CFD35FE4B1188.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..449024013f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/0D/36/8D/0D368D4EFF01FFCDFF3CFD35FE4B1188.xml @@ -0,0 +1,162 @@ + + + +Skeletal reconstruction of fossil vertebrates as a process of hypothesis testing and a source of anatomical and palaeobiological inferences + + + +Author + +Sullivan, Corwin +Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T 6 G 2 E 9 (Canada) and Philip J. Currie Dinosaur Museum, 9301 112 Avenue, Wembley, AB, T 0 H 3 S 0 (Canada) corwin 1 @ ualberta. ca (corresponding author) +corwin1@ualberta.ca + + + +Author + +Sissons, Robin +Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T 6 G 2 E 9 (Canada) +robin.sissons@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Sharpe, Henry +Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T 6 G 2 E 9 (Canada) +hssharpe@ualberta.ca + + + +Author + +Nguyen, Khoi +Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T 6 G 2 E 9 (Canada) +khoi2@ualberta.ca + + + +Author + +Theurer, Brandon +Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T 6 G 2 E 9 (Canada) robin. sissons @ gmail. com hssharpe @ ualberta. ca khoi 2 @ ualberta. ca btheurer @ ualberta. ca +robin.sissons@gmail.com + +text + + +Comptes Rendus Palevol + + +2024 + +2024-02-05 + + +23 + + +5 + + +69 +83 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a5 + +journal article +305360 +10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a5 +dd79d883-e39a-4c14-bef8-636d4884d05e +1777-571X +14205945 +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F2E2FBC3-710A-4685-947C-A9C023D8B01C + + + + +CASE +STUDY +I: +SKULL +OF + + +EDMONTOSAURUS + + + + + + + +Edmontosaurus + +is a relatively well-known genus of large hadrosaurid from the Upper Cretaceous of North America. One of the most striking synapomorphies of this genus is the presence of a large posterior excavation in the postorbital bone, termed the postorbital pocket, which is best developed in + +Edmontosaurus regalis +( +Campione & Evans 2011 +) + +. + +E. regalis + +is a commonly occurring fossil in +Alberta +, known from numerous monodominant bonebeds ( + +Evans +et al. +2015 + +). One of us (HS) recently described cranial material recovered from one such site, the Danek Bonebed in southwestern Edmonton, +Canada +( +Bell & Campione 2014 +), for an undergraduate class project. Part of this description involved drawing anterior, lateral, and dorsal orthographic views of a skull reconstruction of + +E. regalis + +to show the life positions of different skull elements recovered from the Danek Bonebed ( +Fig. 4 +). These reconstructions were based on 3D scans of the mostly-disarticulated +paratype +specimen (CMN 2289), the only + +E. regalis + +skull for which 3D scans were available ( + +Rybczynski +et al. +2008 + +). The scans of individual bones were assembled in Autodesk Maya 2018 to produce a 3D rendering of the nearly complete skull ( +Fig. 4A, B +), using complete + +E. regalis + +skulls (CMN 2288, ROM 801) for guidance in articulating elements and correcting taphonomic distortion. Drawings ( +Fig. 4C, D +) were made by tracing rendered images of this re-articulated skull in Adobe Photoshop 2022. It was quickly noticed upon illustrating the orbits in anterior view that the postorbital pockets were not only deeply concave posteriorly, but also protruded laterally ( +Fig. 4D +). This caused the posterior margin of the orbit to be positioned much further laterally than the anterior margin, suggesting a large degree of binocular overlap in this species (Sharpe +et al. +work in progress). Re-examination of the 3D scans confirmed the first-order inference regarding the orientation of the orbits, and by extension the second-order inference regarding the presence of binocular overlap: the orbits of + +E. regalis + +are shifted laterally, and attempting to distort the postorbitals to minimise this feature resulted in a 3D skull that did not fit together, falsifying the alternative hypothesis that the posterior margins of the orbits were not especially laterally prominent. The simple act of illustrating a skull in anterior view permitted important new structural and functional inferences about a species described over a century ago ( +Lambe 1917 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/0D/36/8D/0D368D4EFF04FFC9FF3CF99AFB1A1188.xml b/data/0D/36/8D/0D368D4EFF04FFC9FF3CF99AFB1A1188.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..64fe4c8f205 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/0D/36/8D/0D368D4EFF04FFC9FF3CF99AFB1A1188.xml @@ -0,0 +1,263 @@ + + + +Skeletal reconstruction of fossil vertebrates as a process of hypothesis testing and a source of anatomical and palaeobiological inferences + + + +Author + +Sullivan, Corwin +Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T 6 G 2 E 9 (Canada) and Philip J. Currie Dinosaur Museum, 9301 112 Avenue, Wembley, AB, T 0 H 3 S 0 (Canada) corwin 1 @ ualberta. ca (corresponding author) +corwin1@ualberta.ca + + + +Author + +Sissons, Robin +Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T 6 G 2 E 9 (Canada) +robin.sissons@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Sharpe, Henry +Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T 6 G 2 E 9 (Canada) +hssharpe@ualberta.ca + + + +Author + +Nguyen, Khoi +Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T 6 G 2 E 9 (Canada) +khoi2@ualberta.ca + + + +Author + +Theurer, Brandon +Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T 6 G 2 E 9 (Canada) robin. sissons @ gmail. com hssharpe @ ualberta. ca khoi 2 @ ualberta. ca btheurer @ ualberta. ca +robin.sissons@gmail.com + +text + + +Comptes Rendus Palevol + + +2024 + +2024-02-05 + + +23 + + +5 + + +69 +83 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a5 + +journal article +305360 +10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a5 +dd79d883-e39a-4c14-bef8-636d4884d05e +1777-571X +14205945 +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F2E2FBC3-710A-4685-947C-A9C023D8B01C + + + + +HINDLIMB OF AN INDETERMINATE +CERATOPSID +DINOSAUR + + + + +One of us (BT) created a reconstruction of UALVP 42, an indeterminate ceratopsid left partial hindlimb comprising almost all the crural and pedal elements, to explore and illustrate the articular configuration of the lower hindlimb in +Ceratopsidae +for a future descriptive paper (Theurer +et al +. work in progress). The reconstruction was informed by published descriptions of ceratopsid hindlimbs (e.g. +Brown 1917 +; +Lull 1933 +; + +Currie +et al. +2016 + +: fig. 15) and a ceratopsid footprint ( +Gierlinski & Sabath 2008 +: fig. 10F), and to a lesser extent by descriptions of hindlimbs of other ornithischians (e.g. +Forster 1990 +: fig. 21; + +Salgado +et al. +1997 + +: fig. 5). A model segmented from a CT scan of the juvenile + +Chasmosaurus belli +Lambe, 1902 + +skeleton UALVP 52613 was also available for comparison. + + +UALVP 42 was collected by George F. Sternberg in 1920, from exposures of the Belly River Group (Campanian) on Sand Creek in southern +Alberta +. Sternberg subsequently created a mount of the specimen that was displayed from 1935 to the late 1950s, reconstructing the distal hindlimb skeleton in a physical sense. As well as positioning the bones, Sternberg restored some of them extensively with plaster to conceal damage ( +Fig. 6 +). The proximal and distal ends of the tibia, in particular, were heavily retouched. Having been mixed with brown paint, the plaster is difficult to distinguish from the original fossil bone. Therefore, the bones were CT scanned using a Siemens Somatom Definition Flash scanner at the University of +Alberta +Hospital (voltage: 120 kV; current: 300 mA; voxel size: +0.6 mm +), and the genuine bone was segmented out using Dragonfly ORS. A defined range of intensities was used to create an initial “point and click” segmentation, which was then refined manually a few slices at a time. The scanned bones were imported into Autodesk Maya, an animation program that can be utilised to position digital models in 3D space and produce 2D orthographic and perspective renderings of them from arbitrary angles. + + + +TABLE +1. — Ratio of the length of phalanx I-1 to the length of metatarsal I in several ceratopsids. Length measurements were made from images with metatarsal I and phalanx I-1 in the same focal plane, using ImageJ ( + +Schneider +et al. +2012 + +). The median ratio was used to determine that the expected length of phalanx I-1 for UALVP 42 was approximately 88.45% the length of phalanx I-1 in UALVP 16248. The digital model was scaled accordingly for the reconstruction. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+Specimen + +Taxon + +Ratio +
AMNH 5351 cast (right foot) + +Centrosaurus apertus +(Lambe, 1905) + +1.021
CMN 8547Indeterminate chasmosaurine0.986
TMP 2002.076.0001Indeterminate pachyrinosaurin0.893
CMN 41357 + +Vagaceratops irvinensis +(Holmes Holmes, Forster, Ryan & Shepherd, 2001) + +0.885
TMP 1989.097.0001 + +Styracosaurus albertensis +Lambe, 1913 + +0.883
AMNH 5351 cast (left foot) + +Centrosaurus apertus + +0.859
Median–0.889
+ + +The only distal hindlimb bone missing from UALVP 42 is the proximal phalanx of digit I. The Sternberg mount included another bone in place of this element, but comparison with the left metacarpal IV of + +Styracosaurus albertensis +CMN + +344 ( + +Holmes +et al. +2005 + +: pl. 30G-J), in particular, indicates that this substitute is actually a ceratopsid metacarpal. Sternberg may have borrowed the metacarpal, which has not been retouched with plaster in the same manner as the genuine hindlimb elements of UALVP 42, from another specimen, but this possibility is unsupported by any documentation.To complete our reconstruction of UALVP 42, a 3D model of phalanx I-1 from an associated skeleton of the ceratopsid + +Centrosaurus apertus + +(UALVP 16248) was created using photogrammetry and the program Agisoft Metashape, and a small piece missing from the anteromedial corner of the proximal end was reconstructed in Pixologic ZBrush. The resulting model was imported into Maya and scaled to an appropriate size for UALVP 42, based on the median ratio of phalanx I-1 length to metatarsal I length (0.889) in several other ceratopsid specimens in which both elements are preserved ( +Table 1 +). This procedure involved a tacit assumption, amenable to testing in future comparative studies, that the morphology of phalanx I-1 was unlikely to vary much across ceratopsid species. + + +Maya was used to reconstruct the articulation of the bones of UALVP 42, plus the rescaled phalanx I-1, and generate an image of the reconstructed configuration ( +Fig. 7A +). Sternberg’s restoration of the shape of each individual bone was provisionally accepted as a well-educated guess, with the obvious exception of phalanx I-1, but the digital reconstruction distinguished visually between bone and plaster based on the segmented models. One advantage of this method of reconstruction was that internal consistency among the resulting 2D images was guaranteed, given that they all depicted the same 3D model. Therefore, successive versions of the reconstruction always passed the test of internal consistency provided no two elements overlapped in 3D space. Furthermore, “versions” of the underlying 3D model could be quickly generated by rotating and translating individual bones to experiment with different possible configurations, and quickly evaluated by viewing the model from different angles. Accordingly, the iterative process outlined above, in which visual hypotheses are tested, rejected and refined over successive rounds, gave way to a more freeflowing approach in which generation, testing, rejection and refinement of “micro-hypotheses” pertaining to parts of the model took place more or less continuously. + + +Subjecting the proximal tarsal elements to this +type +of manipulation led to an unexpected arrangement of the astragalus relative to the calcaneum and to the outer condyle of the distal end of the tibia, which in ceratopsids combines with the two proximal tarsal elements to form the articular surface for the distal tarsals and the proximal ends of the metatarsals ( +Brown & Schlaikjer 1940 +). Sternberg’s original mount placed the calcaneum lateral to the outer condyle of the tibia and only slightly anteriorly displaced ( +Fig. 6 +). This initially led us to likewise place the astragalus medial and slightly anterior to the outer condyle of the tibia in our digital reconstruction ( +Fig. 7B +). However, it quickly became apparent that positioning the astragalus in this way, without creating an impossible geometry by impinging on the tibia, introduced a large gap between the lateral articular surface of the astragalus and the outer tibial condyle ( +Fig. 7C +). Such a large gap seemed unrealistic, so the hypothesis of a near-linear arrangement of the astragalus, calcaneum and outer condyle was rejected and alternatives were investigated. Angling the astragalus so that the medial side was positioned more anteriorly than the lateral side eliminated the gap ( +Fig. 7D, E +) and left the anterior part of the proximal surface of the astragalus resting against a relatively flat area on the anteromedial portion of the distal end of the tibia, and the lateral articular surface of the astragalus against the outer tibial condyle. The anterior margin of the distal articular surface formed by the astragalus, outer tibial condyle and calcaneum is then distinctly concave. It should be noted that acceptance of Sternberg’s restoration of the missing portions of the tibia influences the exact position, but not the overall orientation, that appears optimal for the astragalus. + + +Sternberg’s placement of the calcaneum almost directly lateral to the outer condyle of the tibia ( +Fig. 7B, C +) was evaluated by comparison to UALVP 52613 and published descriptions of ceratopsid hindlimbs (e.g. +Lull 1933 +), which indicated that the calcaneum should instead lie anterior to the outer tibial condyle. Repositioning of the calcaneum in accordance with this evidence further accentuated the anterior concavity of the articular surface for the distal tarsals and metatarsals ( +Fig. 7D +). The articular relationship between the astragalus and tibia in UALVP 42, and the resulting concavity of the anterior margin of the distal articular surface formed by these elements and the calcaneum, are discoveries arising from the process of reconstruction and supported by comparison with published descriptions and UALVP 52613. + + + + \ No newline at end of file