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<document id="276E5BE2408B16F102EE777316C5F9ED" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.336.3.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13720104" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725658603287" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Pennesi, Chiara, Majewska, Roksana, Sterrenburg, Frithjof A. S., Totti, Cecilia &amp; Stefano, Mario De" docDate="2018" docId="03AC0834FFC38366FF6442E7867CAD0A" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.336.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 336 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.336.3.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii De Stefano &amp; C. Pennesi 2018, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="232" masterDocId="FF95704CFFDC8379FFEC42798569A827" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision and morphological cladistics analysis of the diatom genus Anorthoneis (Cocconeidaceae), with description of Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii sp. nov." masterLastPageNumber="238" masterPageNumber="201" pageNumber="232" updateTime="1725670146395" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="BEC1F3C43F936C9761A959ABA8135AF4">Taxonomic revision and morphological cladistics analysis of the diatom genus Anorthoneis (Cocconeidaceae), with description of Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii sp. nov.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C0109D8846D419E7A590CAA0118D8A4E">Pennesi, Chiara</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6335A58E49700A5D74A04157A4B7A8F6">Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dellAmbiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="01284CB780B5F0A1F924CE87D7F29C60">Majewska, Roksana</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B37A52B064C91F6F810B0743D689A920">Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa &amp; Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università di Napoli, 81100 Caserta, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="EBCE238DA18293B7A0BAB61ADCF7A59C">Sterrenburg, Frithjof A. S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C8231F52C4ABF17F2909BB8D102071EE">National Natural History Museum “ Naturalis ”, Leiden, Stationsweg 1581852 LN Heiloo, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="36A2235A9238C094E5ED78AAD9DA0235">Totti, Cecilia</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="EDEAE53D2E00DE9FA75B5A352B607FB3">Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dellAmbiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="07B1B411906476F01A35046600926F60">Stefano, Mario De</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="107F80209BCA7E79A97B39B9EA94188C">Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università di Napoli, 81100 Caserta, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="F35F7B9FA2052E476383A76FF22B1B98">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="1DB834D5B1C5E480F3D1C559072D4252">2018</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03AC0834FFC38366FF6442E7867CAD0A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720382" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13720382" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AC0834FFC38366FF6442E7867CAD0A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AC0834FFC38366FF6442E7867CAD0A" lastPageNumber="232" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">
<subSubSection id="C31FEAA9FFC38366FF6442E78163A89E" box="[136,1034,158,185]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BBAB922FFC38366FF6442E78163A89E" blockId="31.[136,1034,158,185]" box="[136,1034,158,185]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">
<heading id="D0F20E4EFFC38366FF6442E78163A89E" box="[136,1034,158,185]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFC38366FF6442E7863EA89E" bold="true" box="[136,855,158,185]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">
<taxonomicName id="4C05C2A1FFC38366FF6442E7879BA89E" authority="De Stefano &amp; Pennesi" authorityName="De Stefano &amp; C. Pennesi" authorityYear="2018" box="[136,754,158,185]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Anorthoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="arthus-bertrandii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFC38366FF6442E7848CA89E" bold="true" box="[136,485,158,185]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii</emphasis>
De Stefano &amp; Pennesi
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A242D84BFFC38366FD1142D9863EA89E" box="[765,855,160,185]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC38366FC8A42D9816BA89E" box="[870,1026,160,185]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 130135" captionStart-1="FIGURES 136142" captionStart-2="FIGURE 143" captionStartId-0="29.[136,243,1748,1769]" captionStartId-1="30.[136,243,1851,1872]" captionStartId-2="31.[136,229,1993,2014]" captionTargetBox-0="[162,1430,201,1714]" captionTargetBox-1="[224,1362,178,1826]" captionTargetBox-2="[179,1403,1341,1963]" captionTargetId-0="figure-14@29.[151,1436,190,1723]" captionTargetId-1="figure-15@30.[224,1363,175,1826]" captionTargetId-2="figure-538@31.[177,1411,1333,1968]" captionTargetPageId-0="29" captionTargetPageId-1="30" captionTargetPageId-2="31" captionText-0="FIGURES 130135. Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii De Stefano &amp; C. Pennesi, sp. nov., SEM images. (130) External view of sternum valve; (131) Detail of sternum valve showing the presence of vestigial perforations in hyaline-like central area; (132). Detail of the sternum valve mantle showing biseriate striae close to the valve margin; (133) Internal view of sternum valve; (134) Detail of the sternum valve (internally) showing the eccentric central area with vestigial perforations; (135) Detail of circular areolae internally occluded by rota-like vela. Figs 130, 133 = 5 μm; Fig. 134 = 2 μm; Figs 131, 132, 135 = 1 μm." captionText-1="FIGURES 136142. Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii De Stefano &amp; Pennesi, sp. nov., SEM images. (136) External raphe-sternum valve with asymmetric raphe branches; (137) Detail of coaxial central raphe endings (externally); (138) Detail of external distal raphe ending terminating in a roundish submarginal hyaline area (externally); (139) Internal view of raphe-sternum valve showing the thickening of sternum and small central nodule; (140) Detail of the internal, uncinated proximal raphe endings converging to the central nodule; (141) Detail of distal raphe ending terminating in a vestigial helictoglossa (internally). (142) Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii De Stefano &amp; Pennesi, sp. nov. from slide MDS 9 (Holotype), LM images. Scale bars: Fig. 140 = 10 μm; Figs 139, 142 = 5 μm; Fig. 137 = 2 μm; Figs 136, 138, 141 = 1 μm." captionText-2="FIGURE 143. Relationship tree of the genus Anorthoneis generated using maximum parsimony method (Cladistic analysis). The black circles indicate probable homology changes, and the white circles represent probable homoplasy or ancestrally-derived homology changes. Circle number, top = character number (Table 3); circle number, bottom = character state (Table 3)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720166" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720168" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720172" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13720166/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13720168/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13720172/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Figs 130143</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31FEAA9FFC38366FF6442BC8466A98D" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BBAB922FFC38366FF6442BC8466A98D" blockId="31.[136,1452,197,566]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFC38366FF6442BC8462A8FD" bold="true" box="[136,267,197,218]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Diagnosis:—</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B9716530FFC38366FEE742BC8466A98D" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">
valvae late ellipticae, 1622 μm longae, 1318 μm latae. Areovalva concava in area axiali et leviter convexa in area marginali. Sternum excentrico, lineare cum nodulo centrali conspicuo et eccentrico. Areovalva habet in valvae lato structuram striis cum monoseriatis (
<quantity id="4CFD14C7FFC38366FE434373876FA938" box="[431,518,266,287]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.064" metricValueMax="4.572" metricValueMin="3.556" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" unit="in" value="16.0" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="14.0">1418 in</quantity>
10 μm) quae constant ex areolis oblongis (
<quantity id="4CFD14C7FFC38366FC5C43738161A938" box="[944,1032,266,287]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.048" metricValueMax="3.556" metricValueMin="2.54" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" unit="in" value="12.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="10.0">1014 in</quantity>
10 μm). Implicatae rotae partes exteriores areolarum occludunt. Areovalva habet in limbo structuram striis biseriatis quae constant ex poroidis qui occlusi sunt hymenibus rimis cum inaequalibus. Raphovalva habet raphem rectam cum nodulo centrali et nodulis terminalibus oblongis. Striae monoseriatae (
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10 μm) quae constant ex poroidis qui occlusi sunt hymenibus rimis cum inaequalibus. Utraque valvocopula secta et caret fimbriis.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31FEAA9FFC38366FF6443C18106AA11" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BBAB922FFC38366FF6443C184CFA9C8" blockId="31.[136,1452,197,566]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">
<materialsCitation id="3B6DB37FFFC38366FF6443C184CFA9C8" country="Italy" location="Italy" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFC38366FF6443C1846CA9EA" bold="true" box="[136,261,440,461]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">
<typeStatus id="54BE0780FFC38366FF6443C18581A9EA" box="[136,232,440,461]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:—
</emphasis>
slide MDS 9 deposited at the Herbarium of the Stazione Zoologica “Anton Dohrn” of Naples,
<collectingCountry id="F312F9B2FFC38366FB9B43C181CCA9EA" box="[1143,1189,440,461]" name="Italy" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Italy</collectingCountry>
.
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC38366FB4743C18077A9EA" box="[1195,1310,440,461]" captionStart="FIGURES 136142" captionStartId="30.[136,243,1851,1872]" captionTargetBox="[224,1362,178,1826]" captionTargetId="figure-15@30.[224,1363,175,1826]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 136142. Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii De Stefano &amp; Pennesi, sp. nov., SEM images. (136) External raphe-sternum valve with asymmetric raphe branches; (137) Detail of coaxial central raphe endings (externally); (138) Detail of external distal raphe ending terminating in a roundish submarginal hyaline area (externally); (139) Internal view of raphe-sternum valve showing the thickening of sternum and small central nodule; (140) Detail of the internal, uncinated proximal raphe endings converging to the central nodule; (141) Detail of distal raphe ending terminating in a vestigial helictoglossa (internally). (142) Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii De Stefano &amp; Pennesi, sp. nov. from slide MDS 9 (Holotype), LM images. Scale bars: Fig. 140 = 10 μm; Figs 139, 142 = 5 μm; Fig. 137 = 2 μm; Figs 136, 138, 141 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720168" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720168/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Figures 142</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC38366FACA43C18023A9EA" box="[1318,1354,440,461]" captionStart="FIGURE 143" captionStartId="31.[136,229,1993,2014]" captionTargetBox="[179,1403,1341,1963]" captionTargetId="figure-538@31.[177,1411,1333,1968]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 143. Relationship tree of the genus Anorthoneis generated using maximum parsimony method (Cladistic analysis). The black circles indicate probable homology changes, and the white circles represent probable homoplasy or ancestrally-derived homology changes. Circle number, top = character number (Table 3); circle number, bottom = character state (Table 3)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720172/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">143</figureCitation>
illustrates the
<typeStatus id="54BE0780FFC38366FF0D43A3845CA9C8" box="[225,309,474,495]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
specimens.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBAB922FFC38366FF6443848106AA11" blockId="31.[136,1452,197,566]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFC38366FF6443848444AA35" bold="true" box="[136,301,509,530]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Type locality:—</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F312F9B2FFC38366FEC1438484DAAA35" box="[301,435,509,530]" name="Indonesia" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">INDONESIA</collectingCountry>
. Epiphytic on seagrasses leaves collected in
<date id="FFBB9FE2FFC38366FC8643848686AA35" box="[874,1007,509,530]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" value="2005-10">October 2005</date>
along the coasts of Siladen Island,
<collectingRegion id="49C177C0FFC38366FAA3438480C1AA35" box="[1359,1448,509,530]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
, Indonesia, (
<geoCoordinate id="EE31DFE5FFC38366FEDC405884AEAA11" box="[304,455,545,566]" degrees="1" direction="north" minutes="38" orientation="latitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" precision="1" seconds="25.23" value="1.6403416">1° 38 25.23″ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE31DFE5FFC38366FE3D405887E9AA11" box="[465,640,545,566]" degrees="124" direction="east" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" precision="1" seconds="06.61" value="124.80184">124° 48 06.61″ E</geoCoordinate>
). Collected by Dr. Francesca Azzini,
<date id="FFBB9FE2FFC38366FC0940588102AA11" box="[997,1131,545,566]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" value="2005-10">October 2005</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31FEAA9FFC38366FF644027866FAABD" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BBAB922FFC38366FF644027866FAABD" blockId="31.[136,1452,606,1325]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFC38366FF6440278447AA50" bold="true" box="[136,302,606,631]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Etymology:—</emphasis>
the specific epithet refers to Yann Arthus-Bertrand in recognition of his outstanding service in the promotion of scientific knowledge and its dissemination.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31FEAA9FFC38366FF5140DD867CAD0A" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBAB922FFC38366FF5140DD8754AAF8" blockId="31.[136,1452,606,1325]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFC38366FF5140DD8404AA9A" bold="true" box="[189,365,676,701]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Description:—</emphasis>
Valves broadly elliptical to ovoid in outline (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC38366FC8A40DD816DAA9A" box="[870,1028,676,701]" captionStart="FIGURES 130135" captionStartId="29.[136,243,1748,1769]" captionTargetBox="[162,1430,201,1714]" captionTargetId="figure-14@29.[151,1436,190,1723]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 130135. Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii De Stefano &amp; C. Pennesi, sp. nov., SEM images. (130) External view of sternum valve; (131) Detail of sternum valve showing the presence of vestigial perforations in hyaline-like central area; (132). Detail of the sternum valve mantle showing biseriate striae close to the valve margin; (133) Internal view of sternum valve; (134) Detail of the sternum valve (internally) showing the eccentric central area with vestigial perforations; (135) Detail of circular areolae internally occluded by rota-like vela. Figs 130, 133 = 5 μm; Fig. 134 = 2 μm; Figs 131, 132, 135 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720166/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Figs 130, 133</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC38366FBFD40DD81C5AA9A" box="[1041,1196,676,701]" captionStart="FIGURES 136142" captionStartId="30.[136,243,1851,1872]" captionTargetBox="[224,1362,178,1826]" captionTargetId="figure-15@30.[224,1363,175,1826]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 136142. Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii De Stefano &amp; Pennesi, sp. nov., SEM images. (136) External raphe-sternum valve with asymmetric raphe branches; (137) Detail of coaxial central raphe endings (externally); (138) Detail of external distal raphe ending terminating in a roundish submarginal hyaline area (externally); (139) Internal view of raphe-sternum valve showing the thickening of sternum and small central nodule; (140) Detail of the internal, uncinated proximal raphe endings converging to the central nodule; (141) Detail of distal raphe ending terminating in a vestigial helictoglossa (internally). (142) Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii De Stefano &amp; Pennesi, sp. nov. from slide MDS 9 (Holotype), LM images. Scale bars: Fig. 140 = 10 μm; Figs 139, 142 = 5 μm; Fig. 137 = 2 μm; Figs 136, 138, 141 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720168" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720168/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">136, 139, 142</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC38366FB0840DD807BAA9A" box="[1252,1298,676,701]" captionStart="FIGURE 143" captionStartId="31.[136,229,1993,2014]" captionTargetBox="[179,1403,1341,1963]" captionTargetId="figure-538@31.[177,1411,1333,1968]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 143. Relationship tree of the genus Anorthoneis generated using maximum parsimony method (Cladistic analysis). The black circles indicate probable homology changes, and the white circles represent probable homoplasy or ancestrally-derived homology changes. Circle number, top = character number (Table 3); circle number, bottom = character state (Table 3)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720172/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">143</figureCitation>
). Apical axis: 1622 μm, transapical axis: 1318 μm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBAB922FFC38366FF51409E84B9ABF5" blockId="31.[136,1452,606,1325]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFC38366FF51409E846CAB25" bold="true" box="[189,261,743,770]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFC38366FF51409E85B6AB26" bold="true" box="[189,223,743,769]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">SV</emphasis>
:—
</emphasis>
Externally, valve face slightly concave with a convex mantle, ending in a small marginal area covered by a row of very small pores (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC38366FE5741758777AB02" box="[443,542,780,805]" captionStart="FIGURES 130135" captionStartId="29.[136,243,1748,1769]" captionTargetBox="[162,1430,201,1714]" captionTargetId="figure-14@29.[151,1436,190,1723]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 130135. Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii De Stefano &amp; C. Pennesi, sp. nov., SEM images. (130) External view of sternum valve; (131) Detail of sternum valve showing the presence of vestigial perforations in hyaline-like central area; (132). Detail of the sternum valve mantle showing biseriate striae close to the valve margin; (133) Internal view of sternum valve; (134) Detail of the sternum valve (internally) showing the eccentric central area with vestigial perforations; (135) Detail of circular areolae internally occluded by rota-like vela. Figs 130, 133 = 5 μm; Fig. 134 = 2 μm; Figs 131, 132, 135 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720166/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Fig. 130</figureCitation>
). The eccentric sternum narrow, linear, developed entirely within the valve face, terminating close to the valve face-mantle junction (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC38366FD384157865FAB60" box="[724,822,814,839]" captionStart="FIGURES 130135" captionStartId="29.[136,243,1748,1769]" captionTargetBox="[162,1430,201,1714]" captionTargetId="figure-14@29.[151,1436,190,1723]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 130135. Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii De Stefano &amp; C. Pennesi, sp. nov., SEM images. (130) External view of sternum valve; (131) Detail of sternum valve showing the presence of vestigial perforations in hyaline-like central area; (132). Detail of the sternum valve mantle showing biseriate striae close to the valve margin; (133) Internal view of sternum valve; (134) Detail of the sternum valve (internally) showing the eccentric central area with vestigial perforations; (135) Detail of circular areolae internally occluded by rota-like vela. Figs 130, 133 = 5 μm; Fig. 134 = 2 μm; Figs 131, 132, 135 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720166/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Fig. 130</figureCitation>
). Central area small, circular, with very small, irregular, imperforated pores (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC38366FE864128876FAB4D" box="[362,518,849,874]" captionStart="FIGURES 130135" captionStartId="29.[136,243,1748,1769]" captionTargetBox="[162,1430,201,1714]" captionTargetId="figure-14@29.[151,1436,190,1723]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 130135. Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii De Stefano &amp; C. Pennesi, sp. nov., SEM images. (130) External view of sternum valve; (131) Detail of sternum valve showing the presence of vestigial perforations in hyaline-like central area; (132). Detail of the sternum valve mantle showing biseriate striae close to the valve margin; (133) Internal view of sternum valve; (134) Detail of the sternum valve (internally) showing the eccentric central area with vestigial perforations; (135) Detail of circular areolae internally occluded by rota-like vela. Figs 130, 133 = 5 μm; Fig. 134 = 2 μm; Figs 131, 132, 135 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720166/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Figs 130, 131</figureCitation>
). Transapical striae strongly radiate,
<quantity id="4CFD14C7FFC38366FC4C4128816BAB4D" box="[928,1026,849,874]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.064" metricValueMax="4.572" metricValueMin="3.556" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" unit="in" value="16.0" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="14.0">1418 in</quantity>
10 μm, uniseriate, becoming biseriate in the last row of the mantle striae (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC38366FDCA410D87E3ABAA" box="[550,650,884,909]" captionStart="FIGURES 130135" captionStartId="29.[136,243,1748,1769]" captionTargetBox="[162,1430,201,1714]" captionTargetId="figure-14@29.[151,1436,190,1723]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 130135. Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii De Stefano &amp; C. Pennesi, sp. nov., SEM images. (130) External view of sternum valve; (131) Detail of sternum valve showing the presence of vestigial perforations in hyaline-like central area; (132). Detail of the sternum valve mantle showing biseriate striae close to the valve margin; (133) Internal view of sternum valve; (134) Detail of the sternum valve (internally) showing the eccentric central area with vestigial perforations; (135) Detail of circular areolae internally occluded by rota-like vela. Figs 130, 133 = 5 μm; Fig. 134 = 2 μm; Figs 131, 132, 135 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720166/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Fig. 132</figureCitation>
). Areolae circular to squared,
<quantity id="4CFD14C7FFC38366FC08410D8120ABAA" box="[996,1097,884,909]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.048" metricValueMax="3.556" metricValueMin="2.54" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" unit="in" value="12.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="10.0">1014 in</quantity>
10 μm, internally occluded by rota-like vela (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC38366FEC641EF84A0AB88" box="[298,457,918,943]" captionStart="FIGURES 130135" captionStartId="29.[136,243,1748,1769]" captionTargetBox="[162,1430,201,1714]" captionTargetId="figure-14@29.[151,1436,190,1723]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 130135. Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii De Stefano &amp; C. Pennesi, sp. nov., SEM images. (130) External view of sternum valve; (131) Detail of sternum valve showing the presence of vestigial perforations in hyaline-like central area; (132). Detail of the sternum valve mantle showing biseriate striae close to the valve margin; (133) Internal view of sternum valve; (134) Detail of the sternum valve (internally) showing the eccentric central area with vestigial perforations; (135) Detail of circular areolae internally occluded by rota-like vela. Figs 130, 133 = 5 μm; Fig. 134 = 2 μm; Figs 131, 132, 135 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720166/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Figs 131135</figureCitation>
). Internally, the valve surface structures appear similar to the external ones, except for the larger central area (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC38366FE8D41C084AAABF5" box="[353,451,953,978]" captionStart="FIGURES 130135" captionStartId="29.[136,243,1748,1769]" captionTargetBox="[162,1430,201,1714]" captionTargetId="figure-14@29.[151,1436,190,1723]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 130135. Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii De Stefano &amp; C. Pennesi, sp. nov., SEM images. (130) External view of sternum valve; (131) Detail of sternum valve showing the presence of vestigial perforations in hyaline-like central area; (132). Detail of the sternum valve mantle showing biseriate striae close to the valve margin; (133) Internal view of sternum valve; (134) Detail of the sternum valve (internally) showing the eccentric central area with vestigial perforations; (135) Detail of circular areolae internally occluded by rota-like vela. Figs 130, 133 = 5 μm; Fig. 134 = 2 μm; Figs 131, 132, 135 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720166/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Fig. 133</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBAB922FFC38366FF5141A3867CAD0A" blockId="31.[136,1452,606,1325]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFC38366FF5141A38471ABD2" bold="true" box="[189,280,986,1013]" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFC38366FF5141A3859BABD3" bold="true" box="[189,242,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">RSV</emphasis>
:—
</emphasis>
Externally, valve concave to convex close to the margin. The margin is covered by two irregular rows of very small pores (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC38366FE9741878489AC30" box="[379,480,1022,1047]" captionStart="FIGURES 136142" captionStartId="30.[136,243,1851,1872]" captionTargetBox="[224,1362,178,1826]" captionTargetId="figure-15@30.[224,1363,175,1826]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 136142. Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii De Stefano &amp; Pennesi, sp. nov., SEM images. (136) External raphe-sternum valve with asymmetric raphe branches; (137) Detail of coaxial central raphe endings (externally); (138) Detail of external distal raphe ending terminating in a roundish submarginal hyaline area (externally); (139) Internal view of raphe-sternum valve showing the thickening of sternum and small central nodule; (140) Detail of the internal, uncinated proximal raphe endings converging to the central nodule; (141) Detail of distal raphe ending terminating in a vestigial helictoglossa (internally). (142) Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii De Stefano &amp; Pennesi, sp. nov. from slide MDS 9 (Holotype), LM images. Scale bars: Fig. 140 = 10 μm; Figs 139, 142 = 5 μm; Fig. 137 = 2 μm; Figs 136, 138, 141 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720168" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720168/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Fig. 136</figureCitation>
). Raphe-sternum asymmetric, narrow and linear developed entirely within the valve face (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC38366FF2B46588442AC1D" box="[199,299,1057,1082]" captionStart="FIGURES 136142" captionStartId="30.[136,243,1851,1872]" captionTargetBox="[224,1362,178,1826]" captionTargetId="figure-15@30.[224,1363,175,1826]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 136142. Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii De Stefano &amp; Pennesi, sp. nov., SEM images. (136) External raphe-sternum valve with asymmetric raphe branches; (137) Detail of coaxial central raphe endings (externally); (138) Detail of external distal raphe ending terminating in a roundish submarginal hyaline area (externally); (139) Internal view of raphe-sternum valve showing the thickening of sternum and small central nodule; (140) Detail of the internal, uncinated proximal raphe endings converging to the central nodule; (141) Detail of distal raphe ending terminating in a vestigial helictoglossa (internally). (142) Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii De Stefano &amp; Pennesi, sp. nov. from slide MDS 9 (Holotype), LM images. Scale bars: Fig. 140 = 10 μm; Figs 139, 142 = 5 μm; Fig. 137 = 2 μm; Figs 136, 138, 141 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720168" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720168/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Fig. 136</figureCitation>
). Proximal raphe endings slightly expanded, coaxial, converging within a small, roundish and clearly asymmetrical central area (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC38366FE57463D8734AC7A" box="[443,605,1092,1117]" captionStart="FIGURES 136142" captionStartId="30.[136,243,1851,1872]" captionTargetBox="[224,1362,178,1826]" captionTargetId="figure-15@30.[224,1363,175,1826]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 136142. Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii De Stefano &amp; Pennesi, sp. nov., SEM images. (136) External raphe-sternum valve with asymmetric raphe branches; (137) Detail of coaxial central raphe endings (externally); (138) Detail of external distal raphe ending terminating in a roundish submarginal hyaline area (externally); (139) Internal view of raphe-sternum valve showing the thickening of sternum and small central nodule; (140) Detail of the internal, uncinated proximal raphe endings converging to the central nodule; (141) Detail of distal raphe ending terminating in a vestigial helictoglossa (internally). (142) Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii De Stefano &amp; Pennesi, sp. nov. from slide MDS 9 (Holotype), LM images. Scale bars: Fig. 140 = 10 μm; Figs 139, 142 = 5 μm; Fig. 137 = 2 μm; Figs 136, 138, 141 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720168" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720168/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Figs 136, 137</figureCitation>
). Distal raphe endings similar in shape, terminate in roundish submarginal areas (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC38366FF38461F8413AC58" box="[212,378,1126,1151]" captionStart="FIGURES 136142" captionStartId="30.[136,243,1851,1872]" captionTargetBox="[224,1362,178,1826]" captionTargetId="figure-15@30.[224,1363,175,1826]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 136142. Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii De Stefano &amp; Pennesi, sp. nov., SEM images. (136) External raphe-sternum valve with asymmetric raphe branches; (137) Detail of coaxial central raphe endings (externally); (138) Detail of external distal raphe ending terminating in a roundish submarginal hyaline area (externally); (139) Internal view of raphe-sternum valve showing the thickening of sternum and small central nodule; (140) Detail of the internal, uncinated proximal raphe endings converging to the central nodule; (141) Detail of distal raphe ending terminating in a vestigial helictoglossa (internally). (142) Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii De Stefano &amp; Pennesi, sp. nov. from slide MDS 9 (Holotype), LM images. Scale bars: Fig. 140 = 10 μm; Figs 139, 142 = 5 μm; Fig. 137 = 2 μm; Figs 136, 138, 141 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720168" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720168/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Figs 136, 138</figureCitation>
). Transapical striae strongly radiate,
<quantity id="4CFD14C7FFC38366FCC4461F86E6AC58" box="[808,911,1126,1151]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.826" metricValueMax="5.08" metricValueMin="4.572" pageId="31" pageNumber="232" unit="in" value="19.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="18.0">1820 in</quantity>
10 μm, uniseriate in the valve face becoming biseriate in the mantle (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC38366FE6646F08482AC85" box="[394,491,1161,1186]" captionStart="FIGURES 136142" captionStartId="30.[136,243,1851,1872]" captionTargetBox="[224,1362,178,1826]" captionTargetId="figure-15@30.[224,1363,175,1826]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 136142. Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii De Stefano &amp; Pennesi, sp. nov., SEM images. (136) External raphe-sternum valve with asymmetric raphe branches; (137) Detail of coaxial central raphe endings (externally); (138) Detail of external distal raphe ending terminating in a roundish submarginal hyaline area (externally); (139) Internal view of raphe-sternum valve showing the thickening of sternum and small central nodule; (140) Detail of the internal, uncinated proximal raphe endings converging to the central nodule; (141) Detail of distal raphe ending terminating in a vestigial helictoglossa (internally). (142) Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii De Stefano &amp; Pennesi, sp. nov. from slide MDS 9 (Holotype), LM images. Scale bars: Fig. 140 = 10 μm; Figs 139, 142 = 5 μm; Fig. 137 = 2 μm; Figs 136, 138, 141 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720168" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720168/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Fig. 136</figureCitation>
). Areolae small, rounded,
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10 μm, internally occluded by perforated vela (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC38366FA9646F0844DACE2" captionStart="FIGURES 136142" captionStartId="30.[136,243,1851,1872]" captionTargetBox="[224,1362,178,1826]" captionTargetId="figure-15@30.[224,1363,175,1826]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 136142. Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii De Stefano &amp; Pennesi, sp. nov., SEM images. (136) External raphe-sternum valve with asymmetric raphe branches; (137) Detail of coaxial central raphe endings (externally); (138) Detail of external distal raphe ending terminating in a roundish submarginal hyaline area (externally); (139) Internal view of raphe-sternum valve showing the thickening of sternum and small central nodule; (140) Detail of the internal, uncinated proximal raphe endings converging to the central nodule; (141) Detail of distal raphe ending terminating in a vestigial helictoglossa (internally). (142) Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii De Stefano &amp; Pennesi, sp. nov. from slide MDS 9 (Holotype), LM images. Scale bars: Fig. 140 = 10 μm; Figs 139, 142 = 5 μm; Fig. 137 = 2 μm; Figs 136, 138, 141 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720168" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720168/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Figs 139, 140, 141</figureCitation>
). On the mantle margin, at the end of each biseriate striae, one smaller areola is present (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC38366FAED46D580F6ACE2" box="[1281,1439,1196,1221]" captionStart="FIGURES 136142" captionStartId="30.[136,243,1851,1872]" captionTargetBox="[224,1362,178,1826]" captionTargetId="figure-15@30.[224,1363,175,1826]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 136142. Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii De Stefano &amp; Pennesi, sp. nov., SEM images. (136) External raphe-sternum valve with asymmetric raphe branches; (137) Detail of coaxial central raphe endings (externally); (138) Detail of external distal raphe ending terminating in a roundish submarginal hyaline area (externally); (139) Internal view of raphe-sternum valve showing the thickening of sternum and small central nodule; (140) Detail of the internal, uncinated proximal raphe endings converging to the central nodule; (141) Detail of distal raphe ending terminating in a vestigial helictoglossa (internally). (142) Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii De Stefano &amp; Pennesi, sp. nov. from slide MDS 9 (Holotype), LM images. Scale bars: Fig. 140 = 10 μm; Figs 139, 142 = 5 μm; Fig. 137 = 2 μm; Figs 136, 138, 141 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720168" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720168/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Figs 136, 138</figureCitation>
). Internally, both the raphe-sternum and the small central nodule only slightly thickened (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC38366FBBE46B78187ACC0" box="[1106,1262,1230,1255]" captionStart="FIGURES 136142" captionStartId="30.[136,243,1851,1872]" captionTargetBox="[224,1362,178,1826]" captionTargetId="figure-15@30.[224,1363,175,1826]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 136142. Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii De Stefano &amp; Pennesi, sp. nov., SEM images. (136) External raphe-sternum valve with asymmetric raphe branches; (137) Detail of coaxial central raphe endings (externally); (138) Detail of external distal raphe ending terminating in a roundish submarginal hyaline area (externally); (139) Internal view of raphe-sternum valve showing the thickening of sternum and small central nodule; (140) Detail of the internal, uncinated proximal raphe endings converging to the central nodule; (141) Detail of distal raphe ending terminating in a vestigial helictoglossa (internally). (142) Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii De Stefano &amp; Pennesi, sp. nov. from slide MDS 9 (Holotype), LM images. Scale bars: Fig. 140 = 10 μm; Figs 139, 142 = 5 μm; Fig. 137 = 2 μm; Figs 136, 138, 141 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720168" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720168/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Figs 139, 140</figureCitation>
). Proximal raphe endings simple, deflected in opposite directions (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC38366FD4746888620AD2D" box="[683,841,1265,1290]" captionStart="FIGURES 136142" captionStartId="30.[136,243,1851,1872]" captionTargetBox="[224,1362,178,1826]" captionTargetId="figure-15@30.[224,1363,175,1826]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 136142. Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii De Stefano &amp; Pennesi, sp. nov., SEM images. (136) External raphe-sternum valve with asymmetric raphe branches; (137) Detail of coaxial central raphe endings (externally); (138) Detail of external distal raphe ending terminating in a roundish submarginal hyaline area (externally); (139) Internal view of raphe-sternum valve showing the thickening of sternum and small central nodule; (140) Detail of the internal, uncinated proximal raphe endings converging to the central nodule; (141) Detail of distal raphe ending terminating in a vestigial helictoglossa (internally). (142) Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii De Stefano &amp; Pennesi, sp. nov. from slide MDS 9 (Holotype), LM images. Scale bars: Fig. 140 = 10 μm; Figs 139, 142 = 5 μm; Fig. 137 = 2 μm; Figs 136, 138, 141 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720168" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720168/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Figs 139, 140</figureCitation>
); distal ones terminate in vestigial helictoglossae (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC38366FA9646888584AD0A" captionStart="FIGURES 136142" captionStartId="30.[136,243,1851,1872]" captionTargetBox="[224,1362,178,1826]" captionTargetId="figure-15@30.[224,1363,175,1826]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 136142. Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii De Stefano &amp; Pennesi, sp. nov., SEM images. (136) External raphe-sternum valve with asymmetric raphe branches; (137) Detail of coaxial central raphe endings (externally); (138) Detail of external distal raphe ending terminating in a roundish submarginal hyaline area (externally); (139) Internal view of raphe-sternum valve showing the thickening of sternum and small central nodule; (140) Detail of the internal, uncinated proximal raphe endings converging to the central nodule; (141) Detail of distal raphe ending terminating in a vestigial helictoglossa (internally). (142) Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii De Stefano &amp; Pennesi, sp. nov. from slide MDS 9 (Holotype), LM images. Scale bars: Fig. 140 = 10 μm; Figs 139, 142 = 5 μm; Fig. 137 = 2 μm; Figs 136, 138, 141 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720168" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720168/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="232">Figs 139, 141</figureCitation>
). Valvocopula open, with a smooth inner margin.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="EC6AD14B2D0B36008160EE5C3053AC39">Taxonomic revision and morphological cladistics analysis of the diatom genus Anorthoneis (Cocconeidaceae), with description of Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii sp. nov.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="37CB0606D146BAA526D042E12A0A14AF">Pennesi, Chiara</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="5A175D4DA655F6FC1C24D336E243DA62">Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dellAmbiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F11E0A06F88FB0CE53D959403374059D">Majewska, Roksana</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="8BBAB922FFC48361FF64404687B0AA7D" blockId="24.[136,1207,575,637]" box="[136,729,575,602]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">
<heading id="D0F20E4EFFC48361FF64404687B0AA7D" bold="true" box="[136,729,575,602]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9716530FFC48361FF64404687B0AA7D" bold="true" box="[136,729,575,602]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">
<treatmentCitation id="0AA49F33FFC48361FF644046875CAA7D" author="Hustedt, F." box="[136,565,575,602]" page="15" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" year="1955">
<taxonomicName id="4C05C2A1FFC48361FF644046875CAA7D" authority="Hustedt 1955: 15" authorityName="Hustedt" authorityPageNumber="15" authorityYear="1955" box="[136,565,575,602]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Anorthoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="tenuis">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFC48361FF644046840DAA7D" bold="true" box="[136,356,575,602]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">Anorthoneis tenuis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF94C4D3FFC48361FE874038875CAA7D" author="Hustedt, F." box="[363,565,577,602]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" pagination="5 - 67" refId="ref18183" refString="Hustedt, F. (1955) Marine littoral diatoms of Beaufort, North Carolina. Duke University Marine Station Bulletin 6: 5 - 67." type="journal article" year="1955">Hustedt 1955: 15</bibRefCitation>
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(
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC48361FDA8403887B8AA7D" box="[580,721,577,602]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 97102" captionStart-1="FIGURES 103111" captionStartId-0="24.[136,243,1475,1496]" captionStartId-1="25.[136,243,1804,1825]" captionTargetBox-0="[233,1355,656,1444]" captionTargetBox-1="[219,1373,203,1778]" captionTargetId-0="figure-207@24.[227,1361,646,1450]" captionTargetId-1="figure-14@25.[209,1378,175,1778]" captionTargetPageId-0="24" captionTargetPageId-1="25" captionText-0="FIGURES 97102. Historical reports of Anorthoneis tenuis by different authors. (97) Drawings of sternum and raphe-sternum valves of A. tenuis from Hustedt (1955) (holotype); (98, 99) Micrographs of A. tenuis specimen H65366 from slide ZT2/01, material AM794 from Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany); (100102) Micrographs of other specimens of A. tenuis from slide ZT2/01, material AM794 from Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), LM images. Scale bars: Figs 101106 = 2 μm." captionText-1="FIGURES 103111. Anorthoneis tenuis specimens from Hustedts cleaned material AM794, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. (103) Tilted external view (60°) of sternum valve; (104) Sternum valve in internal view; (105) Detail of external sternum valve mantle showing smaller and transapically elongated areola at the end of each stria; (106) Detail of sternum valve mantle in internal view showing irregular areolae; (107) Tilted internal view (60°) of sternum valve; (108) Detail of coaxial, expanded, pore-like raphe central endings in external view; (109) Tilted external view (30°) of raphe-sternum valve with open valvocopula; (110) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve; (111) Detail of the raphe-sternum valve showing the biseriate mantle striae and a expanded, pore-like distal raphe ending. Scale bars: Fig. 107 = 5 μm; Figs 103, 104, 109, 110 = 2 μm; Figs 105, 106, 108, 111 = 1 μm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720150" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720154" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13720150/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13720154/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">Figs 97111</figureCitation>
)
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<paragraph id="8BBAB922FFC48361FF64401181DEAA5A" blockId="24.[136,1207,575,637]" box="[136,1207,616,637]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFC48361FF6440118471AA5A" bold="true" box="[136,280,616,637]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">References:—</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF94C4D3FFC48361FEF4401184C3AA5A" author="Hustedt, F." box="[280,426,616,637]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" pagination="5 - 67" refId="ref18183" refString="Hustedt, F. (1955) Marine littoral diatoms of Beaufort, North Carolina. Duke University Marine Station Bulletin 6: 5 - 67." type="journal article" year="1955">Hustedt (1955)</bibRefCitation>
, p. 15, pl. 2 fig. 5, pl. 5 figs 1415; Simonsen (1987), p. 405, pl. 603, figs 1520.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBAB922FFC48361FF6447BA872EAE43" blockId="24.[136,1452,1475,1636]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFC48361FF6447BA842EADFF" bold="true" box="[136,327,1475,1496]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">FIGURES 97102.</emphasis>
Historical reports of
<taxonomicName id="4C05C2A1FFC48361FDF947BA87A3ADFF" authorityName="Hustedt" authorityYear="1955" box="[533,714,1475,1496]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Anorthoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="tenuis">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFC48361FDF947BA87A3ADFF" box="[533,714,1475,1496]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">Anorthoneis tenuis</emphasis>
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by different authors. (97) Drawings of sternum and raphe-sternum valves of
<taxonomicName id="4C05C2A1FFC48361FF64479C85B5ADDD" authorityName="Hustedt" authorityYear="1955" box="[136,220,1509,1530]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Anorthoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="tenuis">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFC48361FF64479C85B5ADDD" box="[136,220,1509,1530]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">A. tenuis</emphasis>
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from
<bibRefCitation id="EF94C4D3FFC48361FEFB479C84C1ADDD" author="Hustedt, F." box="[279,424,1509,1530]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" pagination="5 - 67" refId="ref18183" refString="Hustedt, F. (1955) Marine littoral diatoms of Beaufort, North Carolina. Duke University Marine Station Bulletin 6: 5 - 67." type="journal article" year="1955">Hustedt (1955)</bibRefCitation>
(holotype); (98, 99) Micrographs of
<taxonomicName id="4C05C2A1FFC48361FCE1479C8608ADDD" authorityName="Hustedt" authorityYear="1955" box="[781,865,1509,1530]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Anorthoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="tenuis">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFC48361FCE1479C8608ADDD" box="[781,865,1509,1530]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">A. tenuis</emphasis>
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specimen H65366 from slide ZT2/01, material AM794 from Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany); (100102) Micrographs of other specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C05C2A1FFC48361FA7B447185A8AE67" authorityName="Hustedt" authorityYear="1955" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Anorthoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="tenuis">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFC48361FA7B447185A8AE67" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">A. tenuis</emphasis>
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from slide ZT2/01, material AM794 from Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), LM images. Scale bars: Figs 101106 = 2 μm.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBAB922FFC48361FF6444F485DDAEEE" blockId="24.[136,1452,1677,2018]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFC48361FF6444F4847BAE81" bold="true" box="[136,274,1677,1702]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">Description</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B9716530FFC48361FEF644F4845FAE81" bold="true" box="[282,310,1677,1702]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225"></emphasis>
Valves elliptic to broadly elliptic (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC48361FD5444F48630AE81" box="[696,857,1677,1702]" captionStart="FIGURES 103111" captionStartId="25.[136,243,1804,1825]" captionTargetBox="[219,1373,203,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-14@25.[209,1378,175,1778]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 103111. Anorthoneis tenuis specimens from Hustedts cleaned material AM794, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. (103) Tilted external view (60°) of sternum valve; (104) Sternum valve in internal view; (105) Detail of external sternum valve mantle showing smaller and transapically elongated areola at the end of each stria; (106) Detail of sternum valve mantle in internal view showing irregular areolae; (107) Tilted internal view (60°) of sternum valve; (108) Detail of coaxial, expanded, pore-like raphe central endings in external view; (109) Tilted external view (30°) of raphe-sternum valve with open valvocopula; (110) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve; (111) Detail of the raphe-sternum valve showing the biseriate mantle striae and a expanded, pore-like distal raphe ending. Scale bars: Fig. 107 = 5 μm; Figs 103, 104, 109, 110 = 2 μm; Figs 105, 106, 108, 111 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720154/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">Figs 104, 109</figureCitation>
). Apical axis: 8.514.5 μm, transapical axis: 7.59.5 μm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBAB922FFC48361FF5144A887C9AFC5" blockId="24.[136,1452,1677,2018]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFC48361FF5144A8846CAECB" bold="true" box="[189,261,1745,1772]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFC48361FF5144A885B6AECC" bold="true" box="[189,223,1745,1771]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">SV</emphasis>
:—
</emphasis>
Externally, valve face concave to convex close to the short mantle terminating in a hyaline marginal area (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC48361FF7C448F859DAF28" box="[144,244,1782,1807]" captionStart="FIGURES 103111" captionStartId="25.[136,243,1804,1825]" captionTargetBox="[219,1373,203,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-14@25.[209,1378,175,1778]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 103111. Anorthoneis tenuis specimens from Hustedts cleaned material AM794, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. (103) Tilted external view (60°) of sternum valve; (104) Sternum valve in internal view; (105) Detail of external sternum valve mantle showing smaller and transapically elongated areola at the end of each stria; (106) Detail of sternum valve mantle in internal view showing irregular areolae; (107) Tilted internal view (60°) of sternum valve; (108) Detail of coaxial, expanded, pore-like raphe central endings in external view; (109) Tilted external view (30°) of raphe-sternum valve with open valvocopula; (110) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve; (111) Detail of the raphe-sternum valve showing the biseriate mantle striae and a expanded, pore-like distal raphe ending. Scale bars: Fig. 107 = 5 μm; Figs 103, 104, 109, 110 = 2 μm; Figs 105, 106, 108, 111 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720154/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">Fig. 103</figureCitation>
). Sternum slightly asymmetrical, narrow, terminating in subcircular terminal areas (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC48361FB46448F8067AF28" box="[1194,1294,1782,1807]" captionStart="FIGURES 103111" captionStartId="25.[136,243,1804,1825]" captionTargetBox="[219,1373,203,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-14@25.[209,1378,175,1778]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 103111. Anorthoneis tenuis specimens from Hustedts cleaned material AM794, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. (103) Tilted external view (60°) of sternum valve; (104) Sternum valve in internal view; (105) Detail of external sternum valve mantle showing smaller and transapically elongated areola at the end of each stria; (106) Detail of sternum valve mantle in internal view showing irregular areolae; (107) Tilted internal view (60°) of sternum valve; (108) Detail of coaxial, expanded, pore-like raphe central endings in external view; (109) Tilted external view (30°) of raphe-sternum valve with open valvocopula; (110) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve; (111) Detail of the raphe-sternum valve showing the biseriate mantle striae and a expanded, pore-like distal raphe ending. Scale bars: Fig. 107 = 5 μm; Figs 103, 104, 109, 110 = 2 μm; Figs 105, 106, 108, 111 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720154/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">Fig. 103</figureCitation>
). Central area very small (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC48361FEF945608412AF15" box="[277,379,1817,1842]" captionStart="FIGURES 103111" captionStartId="25.[136,243,1804,1825]" captionTargetBox="[219,1373,203,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-14@25.[209,1378,175,1778]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 103111. Anorthoneis tenuis specimens from Hustedts cleaned material AM794, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. (103) Tilted external view (60°) of sternum valve; (104) Sternum valve in internal view; (105) Detail of external sternum valve mantle showing smaller and transapically elongated areola at the end of each stria; (106) Detail of sternum valve mantle in internal view showing irregular areolae; (107) Tilted internal view (60°) of sternum valve; (108) Detail of coaxial, expanded, pore-like raphe central endings in external view; (109) Tilted external view (30°) of raphe-sternum valve with open valvocopula; (110) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve; (111) Detail of the raphe-sternum valve showing the biseriate mantle striae and a expanded, pore-like distal raphe ending. Scale bars: Fig. 107 = 5 μm; Figs 103, 104, 109, 110 = 2 μm; Figs 105, 106, 108, 111 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720154/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">Fig. 103</figureCitation>
). Transapical striae uniseriate,
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10 μm, slightly radiate throughout the whole valve surface. Uniseriate stria composed of small circular areolae (
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10 μm) internally occluded by hymenes (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC48361FA9645448599AF5E" captionStart="FIGURES 103111" captionStartId="25.[136,243,1804,1825]" captionTargetBox="[219,1373,203,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-14@25.[209,1378,175,1778]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 103111. Anorthoneis tenuis specimens from Hustedts cleaned material AM794, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. (103) Tilted external view (60°) of sternum valve; (104) Sternum valve in internal view; (105) Detail of external sternum valve mantle showing smaller and transapically elongated areola at the end of each stria; (106) Detail of sternum valve mantle in internal view showing irregular areolae; (107) Tilted internal view (60°) of sternum valve; (108) Detail of coaxial, expanded, pore-like raphe central endings in external view; (109) Tilted external view (30°) of raphe-sternum valve with open valvocopula; (110) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve; (111) Detail of the raphe-sternum valve showing the biseriate mantle striae and a expanded, pore-like distal raphe ending. Scale bars: Fig. 107 = 5 μm; Figs 103, 104, 109, 110 = 2 μm; Figs 105, 106, 108, 111 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720154/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">Figs 105, 106</figureCitation>
). Close to the valve margin, areolae appear to be smaller and transapically elongated (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC48361FB2445198040AF5E" box="[1224,1321,1888,1913]" captionStart="FIGURES 103111" captionStartId="25.[136,243,1804,1825]" captionTargetBox="[219,1373,203,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-14@25.[209,1378,175,1778]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 103111. Anorthoneis tenuis specimens from Hustedts cleaned material AM794, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. (103) Tilted external view (60°) of sternum valve; (104) Sternum valve in internal view; (105) Detail of external sternum valve mantle showing smaller and transapically elongated areola at the end of each stria; (106) Detail of sternum valve mantle in internal view showing irregular areolae; (107) Tilted internal view (60°) of sternum valve; (108) Detail of coaxial, expanded, pore-like raphe central endings in external view; (109) Tilted external view (30°) of raphe-sternum valve with open valvocopula; (110) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve; (111) Detail of the raphe-sternum valve showing the biseriate mantle striae and a expanded, pore-like distal raphe ending. Scale bars: Fig. 107 = 5 μm; Figs 103, 104, 109, 110 = 2 μm; Figs 105, 106, 108, 111 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720154/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">Fig. 105</figureCitation>
) Internally, sternum asymmetrical, wide, clearly thickened and raised, expanding centrally into large asymmetrical subcircular central area and distally into roundish to subtriangular terminal areas, distant from the valve margin (104, 107). Other valve structures are similar to the external ones.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBAB922FFC58360FF6445758444A03A" blockId="25.[136,1452,1804,2077]" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFC58360FF644575843BAF06" bold="true" box="[136,338,1804,1825]" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">FIGURES 103111.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C05C2A1FFC58360FEB645758778AF06" authorityName="Hustedt" authorityYear="1955" box="[346,529,1804,1825]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Anorthoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="25" pageNumber="226" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="tenuis">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFC58360FEB645758778AF06" box="[346,529,1804,1825]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">Anorthoneis tenuis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens from Hustedts cleaned material AM794, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. (103) Tilted external view (60°) of sternum valve; (104) Sternum valve in internal view; (105) Detail of external sternum valve mantle showing smaller and transapically elongated areola at the end of each stria; (106) Detail of sternum valve mantle in internal view showing irregular areolae; (107) Tilted internal view (60°) of sternum valve; (108) Detail of coaxial, expanded, pore-like raphe central endings in external view; (109) Tilted external view (30°) of raphe-sternum valve with open valvocopula; (110) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve; (111) Detail of the raphe-sternum valve showing the biseriate mantle striae and a expanded, pore-like distal raphe ending. Scale bars: Fig. 107 = 5 μm; Figs 103, 104, 109, 110 = 2 μm; Figs 105, 106, 108, 111 = 1 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBAB922FFC68363FF5142E7863BA993" blockId="26.[136,1452,158,436]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFC68363FF5142E78471A89F" bold="true" box="[189,280,158,184]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFC68363FF5142E7859BA89F" bold="true" box="[189,242,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">RSV</emphasis>
:—
</emphasis>
Valves lightly silicified. Externally. Valve face almost flat, becoming concave close to the very short and shallow mantle (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC68363FE9542BA8774A8FB" box="[377,541,195,220]" captionStart="FIGURES 103111" captionStartId="25.[136,243,1804,1825]" captionTargetBox="[219,1373,203,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-14@25.[209,1378,175,1778]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 103111. Anorthoneis tenuis specimens from Hustedts cleaned material AM794, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. (103) Tilted external view (60°) of sternum valve; (104) Sternum valve in internal view; (105) Detail of external sternum valve mantle showing smaller and transapically elongated areola at the end of each stria; (106) Detail of sternum valve mantle in internal view showing irregular areolae; (107) Tilted internal view (60°) of sternum valve; (108) Detail of coaxial, expanded, pore-like raphe central endings in external view; (109) Tilted external view (30°) of raphe-sternum valve with open valvocopula; (110) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve; (111) Detail of the raphe-sternum valve showing the biseriate mantle striae and a expanded, pore-like distal raphe ending. Scale bars: Fig. 107 = 5 μm; Figs 103, 104, 109, 110 = 2 μm; Figs 105, 106, 108, 111 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720154/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Figs 109, 110</figureCitation>
). Raphe-sternum apically asymmetric, very narrow, linear, terminating close to the valve face-mantle junction (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC68363FE1E429E87FAA927" box="[498,659,231,256]" captionStart="FIGURES 103111" captionStartId="25.[136,243,1804,1825]" captionTargetBox="[219,1373,203,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-14@25.[209,1378,175,1778]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 103111. Anorthoneis tenuis specimens from Hustedts cleaned material AM794, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. (103) Tilted external view (60°) of sternum valve; (104) Sternum valve in internal view; (105) Detail of external sternum valve mantle showing smaller and transapically elongated areola at the end of each stria; (106) Detail of sternum valve mantle in internal view showing irregular areolae; (107) Tilted internal view (60°) of sternum valve; (108) Detail of coaxial, expanded, pore-like raphe central endings in external view; (109) Tilted external view (30°) of raphe-sternum valve with open valvocopula; (110) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve; (111) Detail of the raphe-sternum valve showing the biseriate mantle striae and a expanded, pore-like distal raphe ending. Scale bars: Fig. 107 = 5 μm; Figs 103, 104, 109, 110 = 2 μm; Figs 105, 106, 108, 111 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720154/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Figs 109, 110</figureCitation>
). Central and terminal areas very small, hardly discernible (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC68363FAAC429E85DDA903" captionStart="FIGURES 103111" captionStartId="25.[136,243,1804,1825]" captionTargetBox="[219,1373,203,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-14@25.[209,1378,175,1778]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 103111. Anorthoneis tenuis specimens from Hustedts cleaned material AM794, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. (103) Tilted external view (60°) of sternum valve; (104) Sternum valve in internal view; (105) Detail of external sternum valve mantle showing smaller and transapically elongated areola at the end of each stria; (106) Detail of sternum valve mantle in internal view showing irregular areolae; (107) Tilted internal view (60°) of sternum valve; (108) Detail of coaxial, expanded, pore-like raphe central endings in external view; (109) Tilted external view (30°) of raphe-sternum valve with open valvocopula; (110) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve; (111) Detail of the raphe-sternum valve showing the biseriate mantle striae and a expanded, pore-like distal raphe ending. Scale bars: Fig. 107 = 5 μm; Figs 103, 104, 109, 110 = 2 μm; Figs 105, 106, 108, 111 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720154/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Figs 108, 111</figureCitation>
). Striae uniseriate,
<quantity id="4CFD14C7FFC68363FE60437284ACA903" box="[396,453,267,292]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" unit="in" value="30.0">30 in</quantity>
10 μm, becoming biseriate on the mantle (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC68363FC444372812CA903" box="[936,1093,267,292]" captionStart="FIGURES 103111" captionStartId="25.[136,243,1804,1825]" captionTargetBox="[219,1373,203,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-14@25.[209,1378,175,1778]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 103111. Anorthoneis tenuis specimens from Hustedts cleaned material AM794, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. (103) Tilted external view (60°) of sternum valve; (104) Sternum valve in internal view; (105) Detail of external sternum valve mantle showing smaller and transapically elongated areola at the end of each stria; (106) Detail of sternum valve mantle in internal view showing irregular areolae; (107) Tilted internal view (60°) of sternum valve; (108) Detail of coaxial, expanded, pore-like raphe central endings in external view; (109) Tilted external view (30°) of raphe-sternum valve with open valvocopula; (110) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve; (111) Detail of the raphe-sternum valve showing the biseriate mantle striae and a expanded, pore-like distal raphe ending. Scale bars: Fig. 107 = 5 μm; Figs 103, 104, 109, 110 = 2 μm; Figs 105, 106, 108, 111 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720154/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Figs 109, 111</figureCitation>
). Areolae small, roundish,
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10 μm, occluded by hymenes ultrastructurally similar to those in the SV. The low level of silicification and the small dimensions of areolae give the valve face almost hyaline appearance (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC68363FC4C432A8694A94B" box="[928,1021,339,364]" captionStart="FIGURES 103111" captionStartId="25.[136,243,1804,1825]" captionTargetBox="[219,1373,203,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-14@25.[209,1378,175,1778]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 103111. Anorthoneis tenuis specimens from Hustedts cleaned material AM794, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. (103) Tilted external view (60°) of sternum valve; (104) Sternum valve in internal view; (105) Detail of external sternum valve mantle showing smaller and transapically elongated areola at the end of each stria; (106) Detail of sternum valve mantle in internal view showing irregular areolae; (107) Tilted internal view (60°) of sternum valve; (108) Detail of coaxial, expanded, pore-like raphe central endings in external view; (109) Tilted external view (30°) of raphe-sternum valve with open valvocopula; (110) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve; (111) Detail of the raphe-sternum valve showing the biseriate mantle striae and a expanded, pore-like distal raphe ending. Scale bars: Fig. 107 = 5 μm; Figs 103, 104, 109, 110 = 2 μm; Figs 105, 106, 108, 111 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720154/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Fig 109</figureCitation>
). Both the central and the distal raphe endings are expanded, pore-like (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC68363FDEC430E870CA9B7" box="[512,613,375,400]" captionStart="FIGURES 103111" captionStartId="25.[136,243,1804,1825]" captionTargetBox="[219,1373,203,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-14@25.[209,1378,175,1778]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 103111. Anorthoneis tenuis specimens from Hustedts cleaned material AM794, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. (103) Tilted external view (60°) of sternum valve; (104) Sternum valve in internal view; (105) Detail of external sternum valve mantle showing smaller and transapically elongated areola at the end of each stria; (106) Detail of sternum valve mantle in internal view showing irregular areolae; (107) Tilted internal view (60°) of sternum valve; (108) Detail of coaxial, expanded, pore-like raphe central endings in external view; (109) Tilted external view (30°) of raphe-sternum valve with open valvocopula; (110) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve; (111) Detail of the raphe-sternum valve showing the biseriate mantle striae and a expanded, pore-like distal raphe ending. Scale bars: Fig. 107 = 5 μm; Figs 103, 104, 109, 110 = 2 μm; Figs 105, 106, 108, 111 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720154/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Figs 108</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC68363FD9E430E87F7A9B7" box="[626,670,375,400]" captionStart="FIGURES 112115" captionStartId="26.[136,243,1348,1369]" captionTargetBox="[231,1356,601,1317]" captionTargetId="figure-197@26.[227,1361,597,1323]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 112115. Historical report of Anorthoneis vortex by different authors, LM images. (112114) A. vortex specimens from Sterrenburg (1987), slide BM 81500, Bergen aan Zee, The Netherlands; (115) A. vortex specimens from Witkowski et al. (2000). Scale bars: Figs 112114 = 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720156/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">115</figureCitation>
), the latter terminating somewhat distant from the valve margin (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC68363FA92430E85DDA993" captionStart="FIGURES 103111" captionStartId="25.[136,243,1804,1825]" captionTargetBox="[219,1373,203,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-14@25.[209,1378,175,1778]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 103111. Anorthoneis tenuis specimens from Hustedts cleaned material AM794, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. (103) Tilted external view (60°) of sternum valve; (104) Sternum valve in internal view; (105) Detail of external sternum valve mantle showing smaller and transapically elongated areola at the end of each stria; (106) Detail of sternum valve mantle in internal view showing irregular areolae; (107) Tilted internal view (60°) of sternum valve; (108) Detail of coaxial, expanded, pore-like raphe central endings in external view; (109) Tilted external view (30°) of raphe-sternum valve with open valvocopula; (110) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve; (111) Detail of the raphe-sternum valve showing the biseriate mantle striae and a expanded, pore-like distal raphe ending. Scale bars: Fig. 107 = 5 μm; Figs 103, 104, 109, 110 = 2 μm; Figs 105, 106, 108, 111 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720154/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Fig. 111</figureCitation>
). Valvocopula open, with a smooth inner margin (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC68363FD0F43E2862CA993" box="[739,837,411,436]" captionStart="FIGURES 103111" captionStartId="25.[136,243,1804,1825]" captionTargetBox="[219,1373,203,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-14@25.[209,1378,175,1778]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 103111. Anorthoneis tenuis specimens from Hustedts cleaned material AM794, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. (103) Tilted external view (60°) of sternum valve; (104) Sternum valve in internal view; (105) Detail of external sternum valve mantle showing smaller and transapically elongated areola at the end of each stria; (106) Detail of sternum valve mantle in internal view showing irregular areolae; (107) Tilted internal view (60°) of sternum valve; (108) Detail of coaxial, expanded, pore-like raphe central endings in external view; (109) Tilted external view (30°) of raphe-sternum valve with open valvocopula; (110) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve; (111) Detail of the raphe-sternum valve showing the biseriate mantle striae and a expanded, pore-like distal raphe ending. Scale bars: Fig. 107 = 5 μm; Figs 103, 104, 109, 110 = 2 μm; Figs 105, 106, 108, 111 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720154/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Fig. 109</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
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<mods:title id="CFBDD55DA2FD4065D672309D16955DBC">Taxonomic revision and morphological cladistics analysis of the diatom genus Anorthoneis (Cocconeidaceae), with description of Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii sp. nov.</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="0F9E5BE0F627E4C3710177B7600767E8" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="63AD849E2AA73717A489E089DB47BC61">Pennesi, Chiara</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="FA647C07D0FE93B0518532DEF80B92CF">Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dellAmbiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E5C2076E4E4347927BA675BBBAFC2A6B">Majewska, Roksana</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C07A80E3BC74C61EB686B44780EB8161">Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa &amp; Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università di Napoli, 81100 Caserta, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D92F247F01763E7260A57533006A3134">Totti, Cecilia</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="38C600FFA41FCD97A344B168425EC9BD">Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dellAmbiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="165F0F19EFDA6C6AB93039EB45675F91">Stefano, Mario De</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="748C9A74CF3818818F64E5B4DE86F80B">Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università di Napoli, 81100 Caserta, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="79DB16FA8BCB56EA3FC9B8887223D1DF">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="2FCCF4D7CF1FF4360381503407A11D85">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7B1431448D74F6F524BB9AB42BBC0F10">336</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="14E3DB110D4E3A8CAD60FD2C4E07E50A">3</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="49FF6708ADD8DBA8E8A9C677DBB8A0C4">201</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="C57B9C8F4FAE348A49CB8A3C41ECC7A1" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.336.3.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9C03E194FE0F1FB56B223E17FE663634" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03AC0834FFC68362FF6443A28164A906" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720378" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13720378" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AC0834FFC68362FF6443A28164A906" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AC0834FFC68362FF6443A28164A906" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="227" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">
<subSubSection id="C31FEAA9FFC68363FF6443A28674A9D1" box="[136,797,475,502]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BBAB922FFC68363FF6443A28674A9D1" blockId="26.[136,797,475,502]" box="[136,797,475,502]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">
<heading id="D0F20E4EFFC68363FF6443A28674A9D1" box="[136,797,475,502]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" reason="3">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA49F33FFC68363FF6443A28702A9D1" author="Sterrenburg, F. A. S." box="[136,619,475,502]" page="16" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" year="1987">
<taxonomicName id="4C05C2A1FFC68363FF6443A28702A9D1" authority="Sterrenburg 1987: 16" authorityName="Sterrenburg Slide BM" authorityPageNumber="16" authorityYear="1987" box="[136,619,475,502]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Anorthoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="vortex">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFC68363FF6443A28702A9D1" bold="true" box="[136,619,475,502]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFC68363FF6443A2840FA9D2" bold="true" box="[136,358,475,502]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Anorthoneis vortex</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF94C4D3FFC68363FE8143A48702A9D1" author="Sterrenburg, F. A. S." box="[365,619,477,502]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" pagination="11 - 16" refId="ref19769" refString="Sterrenburg, F. A. S. (1987) Anorthoneis, een assepoester genus? Diatomededelingen 2: 11 - 16." type="journal article" year="1987">Sterrenburg 1987: 16</bibRefCitation>
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(
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC68363FD9643A4867CA9D1" box="[634,789,477,502]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 112115" captionStart-1="FIGURES 116121" captionStart-2="FIGURES 122129" captionStartId-0="26.[136,243,1348,1369]" captionStartId-1="27.[136,243,1719,1740]" captionStartId-2="28.[136,243,1818,1839]" captionTargetBox-0="[231,1356,601,1317]" captionTargetBox-1="[162,1430,324,1684]" captionTargetBox-2="[206,1385,185,1793]" captionTargetId-0="figure-197@26.[227,1361,597,1323]" captionTargetId-1="figure-80@27.[151,1436,313,1694]" captionTargetId-2="figure-15@28.[196,1391,175,1793]" captionTargetPageId-0="26" captionTargetPageId-1="27" captionTargetPageId-2="28" captionText-0="FIGURES 112115. Historical report of Anorthoneis vortex by different authors, LM images. (112114) A. vortex specimens from Sterrenburg (1987), slide BM 81500, Bergen aan Zee, The Netherlands; (115) A. vortex specimens from Witkowski et al. (2000). Scale bars: Figs 112114 = 5 μm." captionText-1="FIGURES 116121. Anorthoneis vortex specimens from Sterrenburg (1987) cleaned material from Bergen aan Zee, The Netherlands. (116) External view of sternum valve with slightly visible eccentric sternum and imperforated areolae in the asymmetrical hyaline-like area (arrow); (117) Tilted external view (60°) of sternum valve showing the wide convex mantle; (118) Detail of the sternum valve areolae; (119) Internal view of the sternum valve mantle showing smaller poroids present at the end of each stria close to the valve margin (arrow); (120) Internal view of sternum valve; (121) Tilted internal view (60°) of sternum valve showing the thickening of sternum and eccentric central area. Scale bars: Figs 117, 120 = 5 μm; Figs 116, 121 = 2 μm; Figs 118, 119 = 1 μm." captionText-2="FIGURES 122129. Anorthoneis vortex specimens from Sterrenburg (1987) cleaned material from Bergen aan Zee, The Netherlands, SEM images. (122) External raphe-sternum valve with asymmetric raphe; (123) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve showing the concave mantle; (124) Internal view of raphe-sternum valve; (125) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve; (126) External coaxial, expanded, pore-like central raphe endings; (127) External expanded, pore-like distal raphe ending terminating in a roundish submarginal hyaline area. Smaller, non-hymenate poroid is present at the end of each biseriate stria close to the valve margin (arrow); (128) Internal, uncinated proximal raphe endings deflected in opposite directions converging on the central nodule; (129) Internal distal raphe ending terminating in a reduced helictoglossa close to the hyaline terminal area. Smaller, not-hymenate poroid is present at the end of each biseriate stria (Arrow). Scale bars: Figs 122, 124, 125 = 5 μm; Fig. 123 = 2 μm; Figs 126129 = 1 μm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720156" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720160" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720162" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13720156/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13720160/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13720162/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Figs 112129</figureCitation>
)
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<subSubSection id="C31FEAA9FFC68363FF64407B8671AA1C" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BBAB922FFC68363FF64407B8671AA1C" blockId="26.[136,1451,514,571]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFC68363FF64407B8471AA30" bold="true" box="[136,280,514,535]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">References:—</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF94C4D3FFC68363FEF4407B84B9AA30" author="Sterrenburg, F. A. S." box="[280,464,514,535]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" pagination="11 - 16" refId="ref19769" refString="Sterrenburg, F. A. S. (1987) Anorthoneis, een assepoester genus? Diatomededelingen 2: 11 - 16." type="journal article" year="1987">Sterrenburg (1987)</bibRefCitation>
, p. 15, 4 figs;
<bibRefCitation id="EF94C4D3FFC68363FDB6407B867AAA30" author="Sterrenburg, F. A. S." box="[602,787,514,535]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" pagination="3 - 4" refId="ref19793" refString="Sterrenburg, F. A. S. (1988) Observations on the genus Anorthoneis Grunow. Nova Hedwigia 47 (3 - 4): 363 - 376." type="journal article" year="1988">Sterrenburg (1988)</bibRefCitation>
, p. 375, pl. 1, figs 5, 7, pl.2, figs 815, pl. 5, figs 3035;
<bibRefCitation id="EF94C4D3FFC68363FADB407B80C2AA30" author="Hein, M. K." box="[1335,1451,514,535]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" pagination="267 - 280" refId="ref17935" refString="Hein, M. K. (1991) Anorthoneis dulcis sp. nov., a new freshwater diatom from Northern Florida, U. S. A. Diatom Research 6: 267 - 280. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0269249 X. 1991.9705172" type="journal article" year="1991">Hein (1991)</bibRefCitation>
figs 2224, 2528;
<bibRefCitation id="EF94C4D3FFC68363FE94405F8737AA1C" author="Witkowski, A. &amp; Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D." box="[376,606,550,571]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" refId="ref20321" refString="Witkowski, A., Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D. (2000) Diatom flora of marine coasts I. Iconographia Diatomologica. Vol. 7. Koeltz Scientific Books, 925 pp." type="book" year="2000">
Witkowski
<emphasis id="B9716530FFC68363FE0A405F8779AA1C" box="[486,528,550,571]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">et al</emphasis>
. (2000)
</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 42, figs 2325.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF7AE9AAFFC68363FF64473D84F8AD86" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720156" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13720156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720156/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" startId="26.[136,243,1348,1369]" targetBox="[231,1356,601,1317]" targetPageId="26" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BBAB922FFC68363FF64473D84F8AD86" blockId="26.[136,1452,1348,1441]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFC68363FF64473D843DAD7E" bold="true" box="[136,340,1348,1369]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">FIGURES 112115.</emphasis>
Historical report of
<taxonomicName id="4C05C2A1FFC68363FDCA473D8788AD7E" authorityName="Sterrenburg Slide BM" authorityYear="1987" box="[550,737,1348,1369]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Anorthoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="vortex">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFC68363FDCA473D8788AD7E" box="[550,737,1348,1369]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Anorthoneis vortex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by different authors, LM images. (112114)
<taxonomicName id="4C05C2A1FFC68363FB47473D806CAD7E" authorityName="Sterrenburg Slide BM" authorityYear="1987" box="[1195,1285,1348,1369]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Anorthoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="vortex">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFC68363FB47473D806CAD7E" box="[1195,1285,1348,1369]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">A. vortex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens from
<bibRefCitation id="EF94C4D3FFC68363FF644711842BAD5A" author="Sterrenburg, F. A. S." box="[136,322,1384,1405]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" pagination="11 - 16" refId="ref19769" refString="Sterrenburg, F. A. S. (1987) Anorthoneis, een assepoester genus? Diatomededelingen 2: 11 - 16." type="journal article" year="1987">Sterrenburg (1987)</bibRefCitation>
, slide BM 81500, Bergen aan Zee, The Netherlands; (115)
<taxonomicName id="4C05C2A1FFC68363FC68471186B5AD5A" authorityName="Sterrenburg Slide BM" authorityYear="1987" box="[900,988,1384,1405]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Anorthoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="vortex">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFC68363FC68471186B5AD5A" box="[900,988,1384,1405]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">A. vortex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens from
<bibRefCitation id="EF94C4D3FFC68363FB6F47118004AD5A" author="Witkowski, A. &amp; Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D." box="[1155,1389,1384,1405]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" refId="ref20321" refString="Witkowski, A., Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D. (2000) Diatom flora of marine coasts I. Iconographia Diatomologica. Vol. 7. Koeltz Scientific Books, 925 pp." type="book" year="2000">
Witkowski
<emphasis id="B9716530FFC68363FB1E4711804DAD5A" box="[1266,1316,1384,1405]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">et al.</emphasis>
(2000)
</bibRefCitation>
. Scale bars: Figs 112114 = 5 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C31FEAA9FFC68362FF6447A98164A906" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="228" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBAB922FFC68363FF6447A98455AE2B" blockId="26.[136,1452,1488,2068]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFC68363FF6447A98473ADCE" bold="true" box="[136,282,1488,1513]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Description.</emphasis>
Valves broadly elliptical to almost circular in outline (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC68363FC9447A986B5ADCE" box="[888,988,1488,1513]" captionStart="FIGURES 116121" captionStartId="27.[136,243,1719,1740]" captionTargetBox="[162,1430,324,1684]" captionTargetId="figure-80@27.[151,1436,313,1694]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 116121. Anorthoneis vortex specimens from Sterrenburg (1987) cleaned material from Bergen aan Zee, The Netherlands. (116) External view of sternum valve with slightly visible eccentric sternum and imperforated areolae in the asymmetrical hyaline-like area (arrow); (117) Tilted external view (60°) of sternum valve showing the wide convex mantle; (118) Detail of the sternum valve areolae; (119) Internal view of the sternum valve mantle showing smaller poroids present at the end of each stria close to the valve margin (arrow); (120) Internal view of sternum valve; (121) Tilted internal view (60°) of sternum valve showing the thickening of sternum and eccentric central area. Scale bars: Figs 117, 120 = 5 μm; Figs 116, 121 = 2 μm; Figs 118, 119 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720160" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720160/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Figs 116</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC68363FC0B47A9817CADCE" box="[999,1045,1488,1513]" captionStart="FIGURES 122129" captionStartId="28.[136,243,1818,1839]" captionTargetBox="[206,1385,185,1793]" captionTargetId="figure-15@28.[196,1391,175,1793]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 122129. Anorthoneis vortex specimens from Sterrenburg (1987) cleaned material from Bergen aan Zee, The Netherlands, SEM images. (122) External raphe-sternum valve with asymmetric raphe; (123) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve showing the concave mantle; (124) Internal view of raphe-sternum valve; (125) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve; (126) External coaxial, expanded, pore-like central raphe endings; (127) External expanded, pore-like distal raphe ending terminating in a roundish submarginal hyaline area. Smaller, non-hymenate poroid is present at the end of each biseriate stria close to the valve margin (arrow); (128) Internal, uncinated proximal raphe endings deflected in opposite directions converging on the central nodule; (129) Internal distal raphe ending terminating in a reduced helictoglossa close to the hyaline terminal area. Smaller, not-hymenate poroid is present at the end of each biseriate stria (Arrow). Scale bars: Figs 122, 124, 125 = 5 μm; Fig. 123 = 2 μm; Figs 126129 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720162/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">122</figureCitation>
). Apical axis: 1416 μm, transapical axis: 1112 μm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBAB922FFC68363FF51446D87C0AF63" blockId="26.[136,1452,1488,2068]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFC68363FF51446D846CAE08" bold="true" box="[189,261,1556,1583]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFC68363FF51446D85B6AE09" bold="true" box="[189,223,1556,1582]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">SV</emphasis>
:—
</emphasis>
Externally, valve face flat, becoming convex near the undifferentiated wide mantle, which terminates in a reduced marginal area (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC68363FE604441874EAE76" box="[396,551,1592,1617]" captionStart="FIGURES 116121" captionStartId="27.[136,243,1719,1740]" captionTargetBox="[162,1430,324,1684]" captionTargetId="figure-80@27.[151,1436,313,1694]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 116121. Anorthoneis vortex specimens from Sterrenburg (1987) cleaned material from Bergen aan Zee, The Netherlands. (116) External view of sternum valve with slightly visible eccentric sternum and imperforated areolae in the asymmetrical hyaline-like area (arrow); (117) Tilted external view (60°) of sternum valve showing the wide convex mantle; (118) Detail of the sternum valve areolae; (119) Internal view of the sternum valve mantle showing smaller poroids present at the end of each stria close to the valve margin (arrow); (120) Internal view of sternum valve; (121) Tilted internal view (60°) of sternum valve showing the thickening of sternum and eccentric central area. Scale bars: Figs 117, 120 = 5 μm; Figs 116, 121 = 2 μm; Figs 118, 119 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720160" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720160/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Figs 116, 117</figureCitation>
). The eccentric sternum, very narrow, not well discernible, not reaching the valve margin and lacking terminal areas (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC68363FDF9442287DBAE53" box="[533,690,1627,1652]" captionStart="FIGURES 116121" captionStartId="27.[136,243,1719,1740]" captionTargetBox="[162,1430,324,1684]" captionTargetId="figure-80@27.[151,1436,313,1694]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 116121. Anorthoneis vortex specimens from Sterrenburg (1987) cleaned material from Bergen aan Zee, The Netherlands. (116) External view of sternum valve with slightly visible eccentric sternum and imperforated areolae in the asymmetrical hyaline-like area (arrow); (117) Tilted external view (60°) of sternum valve showing the wide convex mantle; (118) Detail of the sternum valve areolae; (119) Internal view of the sternum valve mantle showing smaller poroids present at the end of each stria close to the valve margin (arrow); (120) Internal view of sternum valve; (121) Tilted internal view (60°) of sternum valve showing the thickening of sternum and eccentric central area. Scale bars: Figs 117, 120 = 5 μm; Figs 116, 121 = 2 μm; Figs 118, 119 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720160" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720160/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Figs 116, 117</figureCitation>
). In the valve centre, corresponding with an asymmetrical, irregular hyaline area, reduced and imperforated areolae are present (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC68363FCF044078615AEB0" box="[796,892,1662,1687]" captionStart="FIGURES 116121" captionStartId="27.[136,243,1719,1740]" captionTargetBox="[162,1430,324,1684]" captionTargetId="figure-80@27.[151,1436,313,1694]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 116121. Anorthoneis vortex specimens from Sterrenburg (1987) cleaned material from Bergen aan Zee, The Netherlands. (116) External view of sternum valve with slightly visible eccentric sternum and imperforated areolae in the asymmetrical hyaline-like area (arrow); (117) Tilted external view (60°) of sternum valve showing the wide convex mantle; (118) Detail of the sternum valve areolae; (119) Internal view of the sternum valve mantle showing smaller poroids present at the end of each stria close to the valve margin (arrow); (120) Internal view of sternum valve; (121) Tilted internal view (60°) of sternum valve showing the thickening of sternum and eccentric central area. Scale bars: Figs 117, 120 = 5 μm; Figs 116, 121 = 2 μm; Figs 118, 119 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720160" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720160/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Figs 116</figureCitation>
arrow, 118). Transapical striae radiate
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10 μm, uniseriate on the entire valve surface and composed of small, circular areolae,
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10 μm, externally occluded by hymenes with small, radially distributed perforations (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC68363FCE844BA860DAEFB" box="[772,868,1731,1756]" captionStart="FIGURES 116121" captionStartId="27.[136,243,1719,1740]" captionTargetBox="[162,1430,324,1684]" captionTargetId="figure-80@27.[151,1436,313,1694]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 116121. Anorthoneis vortex specimens from Sterrenburg (1987) cleaned material from Bergen aan Zee, The Netherlands. (116) External view of sternum valve with slightly visible eccentric sternum and imperforated areolae in the asymmetrical hyaline-like area (arrow); (117) Tilted external view (60°) of sternum valve showing the wide convex mantle; (118) Detail of the sternum valve areolae; (119) Internal view of the sternum valve mantle showing smaller poroids present at the end of each stria close to the valve margin (arrow); (120) Internal view of sternum valve; (121) Tilted internal view (60°) of sternum valve showing the thickening of sternum and eccentric central area. Scale bars: Figs 117, 120 = 5 μm; Figs 116, 121 = 2 μm; Figs 118, 119 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720160" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720160/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Fig. 118</figureCitation>
). Virgae not raised. On the valve margin, close to the end of each stria, a smaller imperforated areola is present (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC68363FCE3449F86CEAED8" box="[783,935,1766,1791]" captionStart="FIGURES 116121" captionStartId="27.[136,243,1719,1740]" captionTargetBox="[162,1430,324,1684]" captionTargetId="figure-80@27.[151,1436,313,1694]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 116121. Anorthoneis vortex specimens from Sterrenburg (1987) cleaned material from Bergen aan Zee, The Netherlands. (116) External view of sternum valve with slightly visible eccentric sternum and imperforated areolae in the asymmetrical hyaline-like area (arrow); (117) Tilted external view (60°) of sternum valve showing the wide convex mantle; (118) Detail of the sternum valve areolae; (119) Internal view of the sternum valve mantle showing smaller poroids present at the end of each stria close to the valve margin (arrow); (120) Internal view of sternum valve; (121) Tilted internal view (60°) of sternum valve showing the thickening of sternum and eccentric central area. Scale bars: Figs 117, 120 = 5 μm; Figs 116, 121 = 2 μm; Figs 118, 119 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720160" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720160/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Figs 117119</figureCitation>
arrow). Internally, sternum narrow, thickened, expanding into irregular hyaline central area, with slightly raised small central nodule (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC68363FB8E4571806BAF06" box="[1122,1282,1800,1825]" captionStart="FIGURES 116121" captionStartId="27.[136,243,1719,1740]" captionTargetBox="[162,1430,324,1684]" captionTargetId="figure-80@27.[151,1436,313,1694]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 116121. Anorthoneis vortex specimens from Sterrenburg (1987) cleaned material from Bergen aan Zee, The Netherlands. (116) External view of sternum valve with slightly visible eccentric sternum and imperforated areolae in the asymmetrical hyaline-like area (arrow); (117) Tilted external view (60°) of sternum valve showing the wide convex mantle; (118) Detail of the sternum valve areolae; (119) Internal view of the sternum valve mantle showing smaller poroids present at the end of each stria close to the valve margin (arrow); (120) Internal view of sternum valve; (121) Tilted internal view (60°) of sternum valve showing the thickening of sternum and eccentric central area. Scale bars: Figs 117, 120 = 5 μm; Figs 116, 121 = 2 μm; Figs 118, 119 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720160" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720160/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Figs 120, 121</figureCitation>
). Virgae raised on both the valve face and the mantle (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC68363FDD7455287F5AF63" box="[571,668,1835,1860]" captionStart="FIGURES 116121" captionStartId="27.[136,243,1719,1740]" captionTargetBox="[162,1430,324,1684]" captionTargetId="figure-80@27.[151,1436,313,1694]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 116121. Anorthoneis vortex specimens from Sterrenburg (1987) cleaned material from Bergen aan Zee, The Netherlands. (116) External view of sternum valve with slightly visible eccentric sternum and imperforated areolae in the asymmetrical hyaline-like area (arrow); (117) Tilted external view (60°) of sternum valve showing the wide convex mantle; (118) Detail of the sternum valve areolae; (119) Internal view of the sternum valve mantle showing smaller poroids present at the end of each stria close to the valve margin (arrow); (120) Internal view of sternum valve; (121) Tilted internal view (60°) of sternum valve showing the thickening of sternum and eccentric central area. Scale bars: Figs 117, 120 = 5 μm; Figs 116, 121 = 2 μm; Figs 118, 119 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720160" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720160/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Fig. 121</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBAB922FFC68362FF5145358164A906" blockId="26.[136,1452,1488,2068]" lastBlockId="27.[136,1452,160,289]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="228" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFC68363FF5145358471AF40" bold="true" box="[189,280,1868,1895]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFC68363FF514535859BAF41" bold="true" box="[189,242,1868,1894]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">RSV</emphasis>
:—
</emphasis>
Externally, valve face flat to convex, with concave mantle (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC68363FC5645378132AF40" box="[954,1115,1870,1895]" captionStart="FIGURES 122129" captionStartId="28.[136,243,1818,1839]" captionTargetBox="[206,1385,185,1793]" captionTargetId="figure-15@28.[196,1391,175,1793]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 122129. Anorthoneis vortex specimens from Sterrenburg (1987) cleaned material from Bergen aan Zee, The Netherlands, SEM images. (122) External raphe-sternum valve with asymmetric raphe; (123) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve showing the concave mantle; (124) Internal view of raphe-sternum valve; (125) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve; (126) External coaxial, expanded, pore-like central raphe endings; (127) External expanded, pore-like distal raphe ending terminating in a roundish submarginal hyaline area. Smaller, non-hymenate poroid is present at the end of each biseriate stria close to the valve margin (arrow); (128) Internal, uncinated proximal raphe endings deflected in opposite directions converging on the central nodule; (129) Internal distal raphe ending terminating in a reduced helictoglossa close to the hyaline terminal area. Smaller, not-hymenate poroid is present at the end of each biseriate stria (Arrow). Scale bars: Figs 122, 124, 125 = 5 μm; Fig. 123 = 2 μm; Figs 126129 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720162/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Figs 122, 123</figureCitation>
). Raphe sternum asymmetric, developed entirely within the valve face (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC68363FD8F4508866CAFAD" box="[611,773,1905,1930]" captionStart="FIGURES 122129" captionStartId="28.[136,243,1818,1839]" captionTargetBox="[206,1385,185,1793]" captionTargetId="figure-15@28.[196,1391,175,1793]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 122129. Anorthoneis vortex specimens from Sterrenburg (1987) cleaned material from Bergen aan Zee, The Netherlands, SEM images. (122) External raphe-sternum valve with asymmetric raphe; (123) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve showing the concave mantle; (124) Internal view of raphe-sternum valve; (125) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve; (126) External coaxial, expanded, pore-like central raphe endings; (127) External expanded, pore-like distal raphe ending terminating in a roundish submarginal hyaline area. Smaller, non-hymenate poroid is present at the end of each biseriate stria close to the valve margin (arrow); (128) Internal, uncinated proximal raphe endings deflected in opposite directions converging on the central nodule; (129) Internal distal raphe ending terminating in a reduced helictoglossa close to the hyaline terminal area. Smaller, not-hymenate poroid is present at the end of each biseriate stria (Arrow). Scale bars: Figs 122, 124, 125 = 5 μm; Fig. 123 = 2 μm; Figs 126129 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720162/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Figs 122, 123</figureCitation>
). Proximal raphe endings expanded, pore-like, converge on a short, strongly asymmetric central area (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC68363FD8145EA8622AF8B" box="[621,843,1939,1964]" captionStart="FIGURES 122129" captionStartId="28.[136,243,1818,1839]" captionTargetBox="[206,1385,185,1793]" captionTargetId="figure-15@28.[196,1391,175,1793]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 122129. Anorthoneis vortex specimens from Sterrenburg (1987) cleaned material from Bergen aan Zee, The Netherlands, SEM images. (122) External raphe-sternum valve with asymmetric raphe; (123) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve showing the concave mantle; (124) Internal view of raphe-sternum valve; (125) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve; (126) External coaxial, expanded, pore-like central raphe endings; (127) External expanded, pore-like distal raphe ending terminating in a roundish submarginal hyaline area. Smaller, non-hymenate poroid is present at the end of each biseriate stria close to the valve margin (arrow); (128) Internal, uncinated proximal raphe endings deflected in opposite directions converging on the central nodule; (129) Internal distal raphe ending terminating in a reduced helictoglossa close to the hyaline terminal area. Smaller, not-hymenate poroid is present at the end of each biseriate stria (Arrow). Scale bars: Figs 122, 124, 125 = 5 μm; Fig. 123 = 2 μm; Figs 126129 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720162/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Figs 122, 123, 126</figureCitation>
). Distal raphe endings similar in shape to the central ones terminate in roundish terminal areas, distant from the valve margin (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC68363FC2345CF815AAFE8" box="[975,1075,1974,1999]" captionStart="FIGURES 122129" captionStartId="28.[136,243,1818,1839]" captionTargetBox="[206,1385,185,1793]" captionTargetId="figure-15@28.[196,1391,175,1793]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 122129. Anorthoneis vortex specimens from Sterrenburg (1987) cleaned material from Bergen aan Zee, The Netherlands, SEM images. (122) External raphe-sternum valve with asymmetric raphe; (123) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve showing the concave mantle; (124) Internal view of raphe-sternum valve; (125) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve; (126) External coaxial, expanded, pore-like central raphe endings; (127) External expanded, pore-like distal raphe ending terminating in a roundish submarginal hyaline area. Smaller, non-hymenate poroid is present at the end of each biseriate stria close to the valve margin (arrow); (128) Internal, uncinated proximal raphe endings deflected in opposite directions converging on the central nodule; (129) Internal distal raphe ending terminating in a reduced helictoglossa close to the hyaline terminal area. Smaller, not-hymenate poroid is present at the end of each biseriate stria (Arrow). Scale bars: Figs 122, 124, 125 = 5 μm; Fig. 123 = 2 μm; Figs 126129 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720162/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Fig. 127</figureCitation>
). Striae radiate,
<quantity id="4CFD14C7FFC68363FB0145CF803BAFE8" box="[1261,1362,1974,1999]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.842" metricValueMax="6.096" metricValueMin="5.588" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" unit="in" value="23.0" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="22.0">2224 in</quantity>
10 μm, uniseriate on the valve face, becoming biseriate on the mantle (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC68363FC8E45A0816DAFD5" box="[866,1028,2009,2034]" captionStart="FIGURES 122129" captionStartId="28.[136,243,1818,1839]" captionTargetBox="[206,1385,185,1793]" captionTargetId="figure-15@28.[196,1391,175,1793]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 122129. Anorthoneis vortex specimens from Sterrenburg (1987) cleaned material from Bergen aan Zee, The Netherlands, SEM images. (122) External raphe-sternum valve with asymmetric raphe; (123) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve showing the concave mantle; (124) Internal view of raphe-sternum valve; (125) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve; (126) External coaxial, expanded, pore-like central raphe endings; (127) External expanded, pore-like distal raphe ending terminating in a roundish submarginal hyaline area. Smaller, non-hymenate poroid is present at the end of each biseriate stria close to the valve margin (arrow); (128) Internal, uncinated proximal raphe endings deflected in opposite directions converging on the central nodule; (129) Internal distal raphe ending terminating in a reduced helictoglossa close to the hyaline terminal area. Smaller, not-hymenate poroid is present at the end of each biseriate stria (Arrow). Scale bars: Figs 122, 124, 125 = 5 μm; Fig. 123 = 2 μm; Figs 126129 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720162/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Figs 122, 127</figureCitation>
), composed of small circular areolae (
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10 μm) occluded by hymenes ultrastructurally similar to those in the SV. As in the SV, a smaller areola is present on the valve margin, close to the end of each biseriate stria (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC78362FC6E42D98177A89E" box="[898,1054,160,185]" captionStart="FIGURES 122129" captionStartId="28.[136,243,1818,1839]" captionTargetBox="[206,1385,185,1793]" captionTargetId="figure-15@28.[196,1391,175,1793]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 122129. Anorthoneis vortex specimens from Sterrenburg (1987) cleaned material from Bergen aan Zee, The Netherlands, SEM images. (122) External raphe-sternum valve with asymmetric raphe; (123) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve showing the concave mantle; (124) Internal view of raphe-sternum valve; (125) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve; (126) External coaxial, expanded, pore-like central raphe endings; (127) External expanded, pore-like distal raphe ending terminating in a roundish submarginal hyaline area. Smaller, non-hymenate poroid is present at the end of each biseriate stria close to the valve margin (arrow); (128) Internal, uncinated proximal raphe endings deflected in opposite directions converging on the central nodule; (129) Internal distal raphe ending terminating in a reduced helictoglossa close to the hyaline terminal area. Smaller, not-hymenate poroid is present at the end of each biseriate stria (Arrow). Scale bars: Figs 122, 124, 125 = 5 μm; Fig. 123 = 2 μm; Figs 126129 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720162/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Figs 127, 129</figureCitation>
arrows). Internally, both the raphe-sternum and the central nodule thickened and prominent (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC78362FCCA42BB86E5A8FC" box="[806,908,194,219]" captionStart="FIGURES 122129" captionStartId="28.[136,243,1818,1839]" captionTargetBox="[206,1385,185,1793]" captionTargetId="figure-15@28.[196,1391,175,1793]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 122129. Anorthoneis vortex specimens from Sterrenburg (1987) cleaned material from Bergen aan Zee, The Netherlands, SEM images. (122) External raphe-sternum valve with asymmetric raphe; (123) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve showing the concave mantle; (124) Internal view of raphe-sternum valve; (125) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve; (126) External coaxial, expanded, pore-like central raphe endings; (127) External expanded, pore-like distal raphe ending terminating in a roundish submarginal hyaline area. Smaller, non-hymenate poroid is present at the end of each biseriate stria close to the valve margin (arrow); (128) Internal, uncinated proximal raphe endings deflected in opposite directions converging on the central nodule; (129) Internal distal raphe ending terminating in a reduced helictoglossa close to the hyaline terminal area. Smaller, not-hymenate poroid is present at the end of each biseriate stria (Arrow). Scale bars: Figs 122, 124, 125 = 5 μm; Fig. 123 = 2 μm; Figs 126129 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720162/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Fig. 125</figureCitation>
). Proximal raphe endings deflected in opposite directions and hooked (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC78362FE62429C8499A8D9" box="[398,496,229,254]" captionStart="FIGURES 122129" captionStartId="28.[136,243,1818,1839]" captionTargetBox="[206,1385,185,1793]" captionTargetId="figure-15@28.[196,1391,175,1793]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 122129. Anorthoneis vortex specimens from Sterrenburg (1987) cleaned material from Bergen aan Zee, The Netherlands, SEM images. (122) External raphe-sternum valve with asymmetric raphe; (123) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve showing the concave mantle; (124) Internal view of raphe-sternum valve; (125) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve; (126) External coaxial, expanded, pore-like central raphe endings; (127) External expanded, pore-like distal raphe ending terminating in a roundish submarginal hyaline area. Smaller, non-hymenate poroid is present at the end of each biseriate stria close to the valve margin (arrow); (128) Internal, uncinated proximal raphe endings deflected in opposite directions converging on the central nodule; (129) Internal distal raphe ending terminating in a reduced helictoglossa close to the hyaline terminal area. Smaller, not-hymenate poroid is present at the end of each biseriate stria (Arrow). Scale bars: Figs 122, 124, 125 = 5 μm; Fig. 123 = 2 μm; Figs 126129 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720162/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Fig. 128</figureCitation>
). Distal ones terminate in reduced helictoglossae hardly reaching the hyaline terminal areas (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC78362FF3D4371845AA906" box="[209,307,264,289]" captionStart="FIGURES 122129" captionStartId="28.[136,243,1818,1839]" captionTargetBox="[206,1385,185,1793]" captionTargetId="figure-15@28.[196,1391,175,1793]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 122129. Anorthoneis vortex specimens from Sterrenburg (1987) cleaned material from Bergen aan Zee, The Netherlands, SEM images. (122) External raphe-sternum valve with asymmetric raphe; (123) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve showing the concave mantle; (124) Internal view of raphe-sternum valve; (125) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve; (126) External coaxial, expanded, pore-like central raphe endings; (127) External expanded, pore-like distal raphe ending terminating in a roundish submarginal hyaline area. Smaller, non-hymenate poroid is present at the end of each biseriate stria close to the valve margin (arrow); (128) Internal, uncinated proximal raphe endings deflected in opposite directions converging on the central nodule; (129) Internal distal raphe ending terminating in a reduced helictoglossa close to the hyaline terminal area. Smaller, not-hymenate poroid is present at the end of each biseriate stria (Arrow). Scale bars: Figs 122, 124, 125 = 5 μm; Fig. 123 = 2 μm; Figs 126129 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720162/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Fig. 129</figureCitation>
). Valvocopula open, with a smooth inner margin (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC78362FC8D43718169A906" box="[865,1024,264,289]" captionStart="FIGURES 122129" captionStartId="28.[136,243,1818,1839]" captionTargetBox="[206,1385,185,1793]" captionTargetId="figure-15@28.[196,1391,175,1793]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 122129. Anorthoneis vortex specimens from Sterrenburg (1987) cleaned material from Bergen aan Zee, The Netherlands, SEM images. (122) External raphe-sternum valve with asymmetric raphe; (123) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve showing the concave mantle; (124) Internal view of raphe-sternum valve; (125) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve; (126) External coaxial, expanded, pore-like central raphe endings; (127) External expanded, pore-like distal raphe ending terminating in a roundish submarginal hyaline area. Smaller, non-hymenate poroid is present at the end of each biseriate stria close to the valve margin (arrow); (128) Internal, uncinated proximal raphe endings deflected in opposite directions converging on the central nodule; (129) Internal distal raphe ending terminating in a reduced helictoglossa close to the hyaline terminal area. Smaller, not-hymenate poroid is present at the end of each biseriate stria (Arrow). Scale bars: Figs 122, 124, 125 = 5 μm; Fig. 123 = 2 μm; Figs 126129 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720162/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Figs 125, 129</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<emphasis id="B9716530FFCA836FFF6442BF8471A8FC" bold="true" box="[136,280,198,219]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">References:—</emphasis>
M. Peragallo in Tempère &amp; Peragallo (1915), p. 214, 215, n. 401, 402, no figures for designated
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<emphasis id="B9716530FFCA836FFF6445BF8450AFFC" bold="true" box="[136,313,1990,2011]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">FIGURES 8892.</emphasis>
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. Raphe-sternum and sternum valve, LM micrographs (holotype). Scale bars: 92 = 10 μm; 8891 = 5 μm.
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<emphasis id="B9716530FFCB836EFF6442E68451A89F" bold="true" box="[136,312,159,184]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Description:—</emphasis>
Valves broadly elliptical to almost circular in outline (
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). Apical axis: 1618 μm; transapical axis: 1315 μm.
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<emphasis id="B9716530FFCB836EFF51429E8468A927" box="[189,257,231,256]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Status</emphasis>
: invalid species.
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<treatment id="03AC0834FFCB8361FF64404E84D6AA3E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720368" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13720368" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AC0834FFCB8361FF64404E84D6AA3E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AC0834FFCB8361FF64404E84D6AA3E" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="225" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
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<paragraph id="8BBAB922FFCB836EFF64404E8792AA75" blockId="23.[136,763,567,594]" box="[136,763,567,594]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
<heading id="D0F20E4EFFCB836EFF64404E8792AA75" box="[136,763,567,594]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" reason="3">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB159E0CFFCB836EFF64404E8792AA75" box="[136,763,567,594]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
<treatmentCitation id="0AA49F33FFCB836EFF64404E870DAA75" author="Sterrenburg, F. A. S." box="[136,612,567,594]" page="16" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" year="1987">
<taxonomicName id="4C05C2A1FFCB836EFF64404E870DAA75" authority="Sterrenburg 1987: 16" authorityName="Sterrenburg Slide BM" authorityPageNumber="16" authorityYear="1987" box="[136,612,567,594]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Anorthoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pulex">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFCB836EFF64404E870DAA75" bold="true" box="[136,612,567,594]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFCB836EFF64404E8437AA75" bold="true" box="[136,350,567,594]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Anorthoneis pulex</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF94C4D3FFCB836EFE894040870DAA75" author="Sterrenburg, F. A. S." box="[357,612,569,594]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" pagination="11 - 16" refId="ref19769" refString="Sterrenburg, F. A. S. (1987) Anorthoneis, een assepoester genus? Diatomededelingen 2: 11 - 16." type="journal article" year="1987">Sterrenburg 1987: 16</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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(
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFCB836EFD9E4040879AAA75" box="[626,755,569,594]" captionStart="FIGURES 9396" captionStartId="23.[136,243,1931,1952]" captionTargetBox="[229,1361,690,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-168@23.[227,1361,690,1906]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 9396. Historical reports of Anorthoneis pulex by different authors. 9394. A. pulex specimens from Sterrenburg (1987), slide BM 81499, Yerseke, The Netherlands. 95. Teratological valve from Sterrenburgs cleaned material from Yerseke, The Netherlands, SEM image. 96. A. pulex sternum valve from Sterrenburgs cleaned material from Yerseke, The Netherlands, SEM image. Magnification: Fig. 97: x1500. Scale bars: Figs 9394 = 5 μm; Figs 95, 96 = 2 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720148" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720148/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Figs 9396</figureCitation>
)
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</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31FEAA9FFCB836EFF6440268450AABF" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BBAB922FFCB836EFF6440268450AABF" blockId="23.[136,1451,607,664]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFCB836EFF6440268471AA53" bold="true" box="[136,280,607,628]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">References:—</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF94C4D3FFCB836EFEF4402684B9AA53" author="Sterrenburg, F. A. S." box="[280,464,607,628]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" pagination="11 - 16" refId="ref19769" refString="Sterrenburg, F. A. S. (1987) Anorthoneis, een assepoester genus? Diatomededelingen 2: 11 - 16." type="journal article" year="1987">Sterrenburg (1987)</bibRefCitation>
, p. 15, 2 figs;
<bibRefCitation id="EF94C4D3FFCB836EFDBB40268666AA53" author="Sterrenburg, F. A. S." box="[599,783,607,628]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" pagination="3 - 4" refId="ref19793" refString="Sterrenburg, F. A. S. (1988) Observations on the genus Anorthoneis Grunow. Nova Hedwigia 47 (3 - 4): 363 - 376." type="journal article" year="1988">Sterrenburg (1988)</bibRefCitation>
, p. 375, pl. 3, figs 1623, pl. 4, fig. 28;
<bibRefCitation id="EF94C4D3FFCB836EFB6B40268005AA53" author="Witkowski, A. &amp; Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D." box="[1159,1388,607,628]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" refId="ref20321" refString="Witkowski, A., Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D. (2000) Diatom flora of marine coasts I. Iconographia Diatomologica. Vol. 7. Koeltz Scientific Books, 925 pp." type="book" year="2000">
Witkowski
<emphasis id="B9716530FFCB836EFB1940268076AA53" box="[1269,1311,607,628]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">et al</emphasis>
. (2000)
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 98, pl. 51, fig. 2.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF7AE9AAFFCB836EFF6445F2878FA02B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720148" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13720148" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720148/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" startId="23.[136,243,1931,1952]" targetBox="[229,1361,690,1898]" targetPageId="23" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BBAB922FFCB836EFF6445F2878FA02B" blockId="23.[136,1453,1931,2060]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFCB836EFF6445F28453AF87" bold="true" box="[136,314,1931,1952]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">FIGURES 9396.</emphasis>
Historical reports of
<taxonomicName id="4C05C2A1FFCB836EFDEA45F287DCAF87" authorityName="Sterrenburg Slide BM" authorityYear="1987" box="[518,693,1931,1952]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Anorthoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pulex">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFCB836EFDEA45F287DCAF87" box="[518,693,1931,1952]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Anorthoneis pulex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by different authors.
<emphasis id="B9716530FFCB836EFC6E45F286ADAF87" bold="true" box="[898,964,1931,1952]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">9394.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C05C2A1FFCB836EFC2645F28171AF87" authorityName="Sterrenburg Slide BM" authorityYear="1987" box="[970,1048,1931,1952]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Anorthoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pulex">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFCB836EFC2645F28171AF87" box="[970,1048,1931,1952]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">A. pulex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens from
<bibRefCitation id="EF94C4D3FFCB836EFB5045F2801DAF87" author="Sterrenburg, F. A. S." box="[1212,1396,1931,1952]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" pagination="11 - 16" refId="ref19769" refString="Sterrenburg, F. A. S. (1987) Anorthoneis, een assepoester genus? Diatomededelingen 2: 11 - 16." type="journal article" year="1987">Sterrenburg (1987)</bibRefCitation>
, slide BM 81499, Yerseke, The Netherlands.
<emphasis id="B9716530FFCB836EFE1345D68774AFE3" bold="true" box="[511,541,1967,1988]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">95.</emphasis>
Teratological valve from Sterrenburgs cleaned material from Yerseke, The Netherlands, SEM image.
<emphasis id="B9716530FFCB836EFF2345AA8587AFCF" bold="true" box="[207,238,2003,2024]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">96.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C05C2A1FFCB836EFF1845AA842AAFCF" authorityName="Sterrenburg Slide BM" authorityYear="1987" box="[244,323,2003,2024]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Anorthoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pulex">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFCB836EFF1845AA842AAFCF" box="[244,323,2003,2024]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">A. pulex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sternum valve from Sterrenburgs cleaned material from Yerseke, The Netherlands, SEM image. Magnification: Fig. 97: x1500. Scale bars: Figs 9394 = 5 μm; Figs 95, 96 = 2 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C31FEAA9FFC48361FF6442E684D6AA3E" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBAB922FFC48361FF6442E68466A8FC" blockId="24.[136,1452,159,537]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFC48361FF6442E68451A89F" bold="true" box="[136,312,159,184]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">Description:—</emphasis>
Valves broadly elliptical to ovoid in outline (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC48361FCDE42E686DEA89F" box="[818,951,159,184]" captionStart="FIGURES 9396" captionStartId="23.[136,243,1931,1952]" captionTargetBox="[229,1361,690,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-168@23.[227,1361,690,1906]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 9396. Historical reports of Anorthoneis pulex by different authors. 9394. A. pulex specimens from Sterrenburg (1987), slide BM 81499, Yerseke, The Netherlands. 95. Teratological valve from Sterrenburgs cleaned material from Yerseke, The Netherlands, SEM image. 96. A. pulex sternum valve from Sterrenburgs cleaned material from Yerseke, The Netherlands, SEM image. Magnification: Fig. 97: x1500. Scale bars: Figs 9394 = 5 μm; Figs 95, 96 = 2 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720148" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720148/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">Figs 9396</figureCitation>
). Apical axis: 8.514.5 μm, transapical axis: 7.59.5 μm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBAB922FFC48361FF51429D8631A9AC" blockId="24.[136,1452,159,537]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFC48361FF51429D846CA8D8" bold="true" box="[189,261,228,255]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFC48361FF51429D85B6A8D9" bold="true" box="[189,223,228,254]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">SV</emphasis>
:—
</emphasis>
Externally, valve face flat to convex, curving into a shallow undistinguishable mantle (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC48361FB0E429F8051A8D8" box="[1250,1336,230,255]" captionStart="FIGURES 9396" captionStartId="23.[136,243,1931,1952]" captionTargetBox="[229,1361,690,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-168@23.[227,1361,690,1906]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 9396. Historical reports of Anorthoneis pulex by different authors. 9394. A. pulex specimens from Sterrenburg (1987), slide BM 81499, Yerseke, The Netherlands. 95. Teratological valve from Sterrenburgs cleaned material from Yerseke, The Netherlands, SEM image. 96. A. pulex sternum valve from Sterrenburgs cleaned material from Yerseke, The Netherlands, SEM image. Magnification: Fig. 97: x1500. Scale bars: Figs 9394 = 5 μm; Figs 95, 96 = 2 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720148" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720148/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">Fig. 95</figureCitation>
). Sternum strongly asymmetrical, narrow, expanding in its central part into hyaline central area, which covers circa half of the valve surface (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC48361FEC543558415A962" box="[297,380,300,325]" captionStart="FIGURES 9396" captionStartId="23.[136,243,1931,1952]" captionTargetBox="[229,1361,690,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-168@23.[227,1361,690,1906]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 9396. Historical reports of Anorthoneis pulex by different authors. 9394. A. pulex specimens from Sterrenburg (1987), slide BM 81499, Yerseke, The Netherlands. 95. Teratological valve from Sterrenburgs cleaned material from Yerseke, The Netherlands, SEM image. 96. A. pulex sternum valve from Sterrenburgs cleaned material from Yerseke, The Netherlands, SEM image. Magnification: Fig. 97: x1500. Scale bars: Figs 9394 = 5 μm; Figs 95, 96 = 2 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720148" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720148/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">Fig. 95</figureCitation>
). Striae uniseriate, almost parallel in the center of the valve, becoming strongly radial at the poles (
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10 μm). Areolae rounded (
<quantity id="4CFD14C7FFC48361FDC9433687E3A94F" box="[549,650,335,360]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.334" metricValueMax="5.588" metricValueMin="5.08" pageId="24" pageNumber="225" unit="in" value="21.0" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="20.0">2022 in</quantity>
10 μm) (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC48361FD1F4336862EA94F" box="[755,839,335,360]" captionStart="FIGURES 9396" captionStartId="23.[136,243,1931,1952]" captionTargetBox="[229,1361,690,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-168@23.[227,1361,690,1906]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 9396. Historical reports of Anorthoneis pulex by different authors. 9394. A. pulex specimens from Sterrenburg (1987), slide BM 81499, Yerseke, The Netherlands. 95. Teratological valve from Sterrenburgs cleaned material from Yerseke, The Netherlands, SEM image. 96. A. pulex sternum valve from Sterrenburgs cleaned material from Yerseke, The Netherlands, SEM image. Magnification: Fig. 97: x1500. Scale bars: Figs 9394 = 5 μm; Figs 95, 96 = 2 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720148" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720148/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">Fig. 95</figureCitation>
), internally occluded by perforated hymenes (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC48361FAA7433680F6A94F" box="[1355,1439,335,360]" captionStart="FIGURES 9396" captionStartId="23.[136,243,1931,1952]" captionTargetBox="[229,1361,690,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-168@23.[227,1361,690,1906]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 9396. Historical reports of Anorthoneis pulex by different authors. 9394. A. pulex specimens from Sterrenburg (1987), slide BM 81499, Yerseke, The Netherlands. 95. Teratological valve from Sterrenburgs cleaned material from Yerseke, The Netherlands, SEM image. 96. A. pulex sternum valve from Sterrenburgs cleaned material from Yerseke, The Netherlands, SEM image. Magnification: Fig. 97: x1500. Scale bars: Figs 9394 = 5 μm; Figs 95, 96 = 2 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720148" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720148/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">Fig. 96</figureCitation>
). Internally, valve structures similar to the external ones (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC48361FD1B430B8625A9AC" box="[759,844,370,395]" captionStart="FIGURES 9396" captionStartId="23.[136,243,1931,1952]" captionTargetBox="[229,1361,690,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-168@23.[227,1361,690,1906]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 9396. Historical reports of Anorthoneis pulex by different authors. 9394. A. pulex specimens from Sterrenburg (1987), slide BM 81499, Yerseke, The Netherlands. 95. Teratological valve from Sterrenburgs cleaned material from Yerseke, The Netherlands, SEM image. 96. A. pulex sternum valve from Sterrenburgs cleaned material from Yerseke, The Netherlands, SEM image. Magnification: Fig. 97: x1500. Scale bars: Figs 9394 = 5 μm; Figs 95, 96 = 2 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720148" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720148/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">Fig. 96</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBAB922FFC48361FF5143ED84D6AA3E" blockId="24.[136,1452,159,537]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFC48361FF5143ED8471A988" bold="true" box="[189,280,404,431]" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFC48361FF5143ED859BA989" bold="true" box="[189,242,404,430]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">RSV</emphasis>
:—
</emphasis>
Externally, valve almost flat (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC48361FD6F43EF867FA988" box="[643,790,406,431]" captionStart="FIGURES 9396" captionStartId="23.[136,243,1931,1952]" captionTargetBox="[229,1361,690,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-168@23.[227,1361,690,1906]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 9396. Historical reports of Anorthoneis pulex by different authors. 9394. A. pulex specimens from Sterrenburg (1987), slide BM 81499, Yerseke, The Netherlands. 95. Teratological valve from Sterrenburgs cleaned material from Yerseke, The Netherlands, SEM image. 96. A. pulex sternum valve from Sterrenburgs cleaned material from Yerseke, The Netherlands, SEM image. Magnification: Fig. 97: x1500. Scale bars: Figs 9394 = 5 μm; Figs 95, 96 = 2 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720148" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720148/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">Figs 93, 94</figureCitation>
). Asymmetrical raphe-sternum expands into a strongly asymmetrical hyaline central area (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC48361FDE043C087E4A9F5" box="[524,653,441,466]" captionStart="FIGURES 9396" captionStartId="23.[136,243,1931,1952]" captionTargetBox="[229,1361,690,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-168@23.[227,1361,690,1906]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 9396. Historical reports of Anorthoneis pulex by different authors. 9394. A. pulex specimens from Sterrenburg (1987), slide BM 81499, Yerseke, The Netherlands. 95. Teratological valve from Sterrenburgs cleaned material from Yerseke, The Netherlands, SEM image. 96. A. pulex sternum valve from Sterrenburgs cleaned material from Yerseke, The Netherlands, SEM image. Magnification: Fig. 97: x1500. Scale bars: Figs 9394 = 5 μm; Figs 95, 96 = 2 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720148" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720148/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">Figs 93, 94</figureCitation>
). Raphe straight with clearly marked central nodule (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC48361FB3B43C08031A9F5" box="[1239,1368,441,466]" captionStart="FIGURES 9396" captionStartId="23.[136,243,1931,1952]" captionTargetBox="[229,1361,690,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-168@23.[227,1361,690,1906]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 9396. Historical reports of Anorthoneis pulex by different authors. 9394. A. pulex specimens from Sterrenburg (1987), slide BM 81499, Yerseke, The Netherlands. 95. Teratological valve from Sterrenburgs cleaned material from Yerseke, The Netherlands, SEM image. 96. A. pulex sternum valve from Sterrenburgs cleaned material from Yerseke, The Netherlands, SEM image. Magnification: Fig. 97: x1500. Scale bars: Figs 9394 = 5 μm; Figs 95, 96 = 2 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720148" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720148/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">Figs 93, 94</figureCitation>
). Striae uniseriate (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC48361FEEF43A584E9A9D2" box="[259,384,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 9396" captionStartId="23.[136,243,1931,1952]" captionTargetBox="[229,1361,690,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-168@23.[227,1361,690,1906]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 9396. Historical reports of Anorthoneis pulex by different authors. 9394. A. pulex specimens from Sterrenburg (1987), slide BM 81499, Yerseke, The Netherlands. 95. Teratological valve from Sterrenburgs cleaned material from Yerseke, The Netherlands, SEM image. 96. A. pulex sternum valve from Sterrenburgs cleaned material from Yerseke, The Netherlands, SEM image. Magnification: Fig. 97: x1500. Scale bars: Figs 9394 = 5 μm; Figs 95, 96 = 2 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720148" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720148/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="225">Figs 93, 94</figureCitation>
) and radiate, approx.
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10 μm, and composed of rounded areolae. Internally, valve structures similar to the external ones.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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Description from
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Valves broad-elliptical (
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<paragraph id="8BBAB922FFCC8369FF6442E78788A89E" blockId="16.[136,737,158,185]" box="[136,737,158,185]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
<heading id="D0F20E4EFFCC8369FF6442E78788A89E" box="[136,737,158,185]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" reason="3">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB159E0CFFCC8369FF6442E78788A89E" box="[136,737,158,185]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
<treatmentCitation id="0AA49F33FFCC8369FF6442E78723A89E" author="Hustedt, F." box="[136,586,158,185]" page="15" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" year="1955">
<taxonomicName id="4C05C2A1FFCC8369FF6442E78723A89E" authority="Hustedt 1955: 15" authorityName="Hustedt" authorityPageNumber="15" authorityYear="1955" box="[136,586,158,185]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Anorthoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="hummii">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFCC8369FF6442E78723A89E" bold="true" box="[136,586,158,185]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFCC8369FF6442E78411A89E" bold="true" box="[136,376,158,185]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Anorthoneis hummii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF94C4D3FFCC8369FE9342D98723A89E" author="Hustedt, F." box="[383,586,160,185]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" pagination="5 - 67" refId="ref18183" refString="Hustedt, F. (1955) Marine littoral diatoms of Beaufort, North Carolina. Duke University Marine Station Bulletin 6: 5 - 67." type="journal article" year="1955">Hustedt 1955: 15</bibRefCitation>
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(
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFCC8369FDB542D987B0A89E" box="[601,729,160,185]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 4956" captionStart-1="FIGURES 5762" captionStart-2="FIGURES 63-67" captionStartId-0="16.[136,243,1776,1797]" captionStartId-1="17.[136,243,1432,1453]" captionStartId-2="18.[136,243,1627,1648]" captionTargetBox-0="[225,1366,281,1751]" captionTargetBox-1="[162,1430,201,1399]" captionTargetBox-2="[162,1430,436,1596]" captionTargetId-0="figure-53@16.[221,1366,266,1751]" captionTargetId-1="figure-14@17.[151,1436,190,1407]" captionTargetId-2="figure-133@18.[151,1436,425,1602]" captionTargetPageId-0="16" captionTargetPageId-1="17" captionTargetPageId-2="18" captionText-0="FIGURES 4956. Historical reports of Anorthoneis hummii by different authors. (49) Raphe-sternum and sternum valve drawings of A. hummii from Hustedt (1955) (holotype); (50) Raphe-sternum valve micrographs of A. hummii from Witkowski et al. (2000); (51, 52) Micrographs of A. hummii specimen H65158 from slide ZT1/87 (Holotype), material AM791 from Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven,Germany); (53) Micrograph of A. hummii specimen H65433 from slide ZT1/96 (Paralectotype), material AM795 from Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany); (54, 55) Micrographs of A. hummii specimen H65252 from slide ZT1/92 (isolectotype), material AM792 from Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany); (56) Micrograph of A. hummii specimen H65217a from slide ZT1/90 (lectotype), material AM792 from Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany). Magnification: Fig. 52: x1500. Scale bars: Figs 5156 = 10 μm." captionText-1="FIGURES 5762. Anorthoneis hummii specimens from Hustedts cleaned materials AM791, AM792, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. (57) External sternum valve with asymmetrical hyaline central area and small roundish terminal areas (arrow); (58) Detail of sternum valve mantle terminating in a wide hyaline marginal area; (59) Detail of roundish/transapically elongated areolae externally occluded by thick perforated hymenes; (60) Detail of sternum valve mantle; (61) Internal view of areolae occluded by perforated hymens; (62) Internal sternum valve showing sternum and hyaline central area. Scale bars: Fig. 57 = 10 μm; Figs 62, 63 = 5 μm; Figs 58, 60 = 2 μm; Figs 59, 61 = 1 μm." captionText-2="FIGURES 63-67. Anorthoneis hummii specimens from Hustedts cleaned materials AM791, AM792, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. 63. External view of raphe-sternum valve. (64) Detail of coaxial raphe central endings in external view lying in drop-shaped areas; (65) External view of distal raphe ending terminating in hyaline submarginal area; (66) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum mantle showing the opened valvocopula with smooth inner margin; (67) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve. Scale bars: Fig. 57 = 10 μm, Figs 62, 63, 67 = 5 μm; Figs 58, 60, 65 = 2 μm; Figs 59, 61, 64, 66 = 1 μm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720130" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720132" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720134" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13720130/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13720132/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13720134/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Figs 4967</figureCitation>
)
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<subSubSection id="C31FEAA9FFCC8369FF6442BF8403A8D8" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BBAB922FFCC8369FF6442BF8403A8D8" blockId="16.[136,1452,198,255]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFCC8369FF6442BF8471A8FC" bold="true" box="[136,280,198,219]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">References:—</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF94C4D3FFCC8369FEF442BF84C3A8FC" author="Hustedt, F." box="[280,426,198,219]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" pagination="5 - 67" refId="ref18183" refString="Hustedt, F. (1955) Marine littoral diatoms of Beaufort, North Carolina. Duke University Marine Station Bulletin 6: 5 - 67." type="journal article" year="1955">Hustedt (1955)</bibRefCitation>
, p. 15, pl. 2 fig. 6, pl. 5 figs 1819; Simonsen (1987), p. 405, pl. 605, figs 19;
<bibRefCitation id="EF94C4D3FFCC8369FB4442BF80F9A8FC" author="Witkowski, A. &amp; Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D." box="[1192,1424,198,219]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" refId="ref20321" refString="Witkowski, A., Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D. (2000) Diatom flora of marine coasts I. Iconographia Diatomologica. Vol. 7. Koeltz Scientific Books, 925 pp." type="book" year="2000">
Witkowski
<emphasis id="B9716530FFCC8369FAFB42BF8021A8FC" box="[1303,1352,198,219]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">et al.</emphasis>
(2000)
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 97, pl. 42, fig. 22.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF7AE9AAFFCC8369FF644489843BA002" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720130" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13720130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720130/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" startId="16.[136,243,1776,1797]" targetBox="[225,1366,281,1751]" targetPageId="16" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BBAB922FFCC8369FF644489843BA002" blockId="16.[136,1452,1776,2085]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFCC8369FF6444898454AF22" bold="true" box="[136,317,1776,1797]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">FIGURES 4956.</emphasis>
Historical reports of
<taxonomicName id="4C05C2A1FFCC8369FDFF448987B1AF22" authorityName="Hustedt" authorityYear="1955" box="[531,728,1776,1797]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Anorthoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="hummii">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFCC8369FDFF448987B1AF22" box="[531,728,1776,1797]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Anorthoneis hummii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by different authors. (49) Raphe-sternum and sternum valve drawings of
<taxonomicName id="4C05C2A1FFCC8369FF64456D8587AF0E" authorityName="Hustedt" authorityYear="1955" box="[136,238,1812,1833]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Anorthoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="hummii">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFCC8369FF64456D8587AF0E" box="[136,238,1812,1833]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">A. hummii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<bibRefCitation id="EF94C4D3FFCC8369FEC2456D84A8AF0E" author="Hustedt, F." box="[302,449,1812,1833]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" pagination="5 - 67" refId="ref18183" refString="Hustedt, F. (1955) Marine littoral diatoms of Beaufort, North Carolina. Duke University Marine Station Bulletin 6: 5 - 67." type="journal article" year="1955">Hustedt (1955)</bibRefCitation>
(holotype); (50) Raphe-sternum valve micrographs of
<taxonomicName id="4C05C2A1FFCC8369FC08456D8120AF0E" authorityName="Hustedt" authorityYear="1955" box="[996,1097,1812,1833]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Anorthoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="hummii">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFCC8369FC08456D8120AF0E" box="[996,1097,1812,1833]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">A. hummii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<bibRefCitation id="EF94C4D3FFCC8369FB65456D8010AF0E" author="Witkowski, A. &amp; Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D." box="[1161,1401,1812,1833]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" refId="ref20321" refString="Witkowski, A., Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D. (2000) Diatom flora of marine coasts I. Iconographia Diatomologica. Vol. 7. Koeltz Scientific Books, 925 pp." type="book" year="2000">
Witkowski
<emphasis id="B9716530FFCC8369FB16456D8047AF0E" box="[1274,1326,1812,1833]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">et al.</emphasis>
(2000)
</bibRefCitation>
; (51, 52) Micrographs of
<taxonomicName id="4C05C2A1FFCC8369FEA1454184D8AF6A" authorityName="Hustedt" authorityYear="1955" box="[333,433,1848,1869]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Anorthoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="hummii">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFCC8369FEA1454184D8AF6A" box="[333,433,1848,1869]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">A. hummii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimen H65158 from slide ZT1/87 (Holotype), material AM791 from Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany); (53) Micrograph of
<taxonomicName id="4C05C2A1FFCC8369FCA0452586C4AF56" authorityName="Hustedt" authorityYear="1955" box="[844,941,1884,1905]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Anorthoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="hummii">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFCC8369FCA0452586C4AF56" box="[844,941,1884,1905]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">A. hummii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimen H65433 from slide ZT1/96 (Paralectotype), material AM795 from Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany); (54, 55) Micrographs of
<taxonomicName id="4C05C2A1FFCC8369FA7B45F985B9AF9E" authorityName="Hustedt" authorityYear="1955" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Anorthoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="hummii">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFCC8369FA7B45F985B9AF9E" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">A. hummii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimen H65252 from slide ZT1/92 (isolectotype), material AM792 from Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany); (56) Micrograph of
<taxonomicName id="4C05C2A1FFCC8369FD5A45B18673AFFA" authorityName="Hustedt" authorityYear="1955" box="[694,794,1992,2013]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Anorthoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="hummii">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFCC8369FD5A45B18673AFFA" box="[694,794,1992,2013]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">A. hummii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimen H65217a from slide ZT1/90 (lectotype), material AM792 from Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany). Magnification: Fig. 52: x1500. Scale bars: Figs 5156 = 10 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7AE9AAFFCD8368FF6447E1861EAE46" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720132" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13720132" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720132/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" startId="17.[136,243,1432,1453]" targetBox="[162,1430,201,1399]" targetPageId="17" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BBAB922FFCD8368FF6447E1861EAE46" blockId="17.[136,1452,1432,1633]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFCD8368FF6447E18454AD8A" bold="true" box="[136,317,1432,1453]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">FIGURES 5762.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C05C2A1FFCD8368FEA947E18762AD8A" authorityName="Hustedt" authorityYear="1955" box="[325,523,1432,1453]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Anorthoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="hummii">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFCD8368FEA947E18762AD8A" box="[325,523,1432,1453]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Anorthoneis hummii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens from Hustedts cleaned materials AM791, AM792, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. (57) External sternum valve with asymmetrical hyaline central area and small roundish terminal areas (arrow); (58) Detail of sternum valve mantle terminating in a wide hyaline marginal area; (59) Detail of roundish/transapically elongated areolae externally occluded by thick perforated hymenes; (60) Detail of sternum valve mantle; (61) Internal view of areolae occluded by perforated hymens; (62) Internal sternum valve showing sternum and hyaline central area. Scale bars: Fig. 57 = 10 μm; Figs 62, 63 = 5 μm; Figs 58, 60 = 2 μm; Figs 59, 61 = 1 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C31FEAA9FFCD836BFF6444E886DEA9B7" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="219" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBAB922FFCD8368FF6444E88468AEE9" blockId="17.[136,1452,1681,1994]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFCD8368FF6444E88473AE8D" bold="true" box="[136,282,1681,1706]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Description.</emphasis>
Valves outline varies from ovoid to roundish (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFCD8368FCD744E886FCAE8D" box="[827,917,1681,1706]" captionStart="FIGURES 5762" captionStartId="17.[136,243,1432,1453]" captionTargetBox="[162,1430,201,1399]" captionTargetId="figure-14@17.[151,1436,190,1407]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 5762. Anorthoneis hummii specimens from Hustedts cleaned materials AM791, AM792, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. (57) External sternum valve with asymmetrical hyaline central area and small roundish terminal areas (arrow); (58) Detail of sternum valve mantle terminating in a wide hyaline marginal area; (59) Detail of roundish/transapically elongated areolae externally occluded by thick perforated hymenes; (60) Detail of sternum valve mantle; (61) Internal view of areolae occluded by perforated hymens; (62) Internal sternum valve showing sternum and hyaline central area. Scale bars: Fig. 57 = 10 μm; Figs 62, 63 = 5 μm; Figs 58, 60 = 2 μm; Figs 59, 61 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720132" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720132/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Figs 57</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFCD8368FC4844E886AAAE8D" box="[932,963,1681,1706]" captionStart="FIGURES 63-67" captionStartId="18.[136,243,1627,1648]" captionTargetBox="[162,1430,436,1596]" captionTargetId="figure-133@18.[151,1436,425,1602]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 63-67. Anorthoneis hummii specimens from Hustedts cleaned materials AM791, AM792, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. 63. External view of raphe-sternum valve. (64) Detail of coaxial raphe central endings in external view lying in drop-shaped areas; (65) External view of distal raphe ending terminating in hyaline submarginal area; (66) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum mantle showing the opened valvocopula with smooth inner margin; (67) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve. Scale bars: Fig. 57 = 10 μm, Figs 62, 63, 67 = 5 μm; Figs 58, 60, 65 = 2 μm; Figs 59, 61, 64, 66 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720134/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">63</figureCitation>
). Apical axis: 2741 μm; transapical axis: 2336 μm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBAB922FFCD8368FF5144AE86FAAFED" blockId="17.[136,1452,1681,1994]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFCD8368FF5144AE846CAED5" bold="true" box="[189,261,1751,1778]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFCD8368FF5144AE85B6AED6" bold="true" box="[189,223,1751,1777]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">SV</emphasis>
:—
</emphasis>
Externally, valve face flat to convex, curving abruptly into a shallow, imperforate mantle (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFCD8368FB1444A080C9AED5" box="[1272,1440,1753,1778]" captionStart="FIGURES 5762" captionStartId="17.[136,243,1432,1453]" captionTargetBox="[162,1430,201,1399]" captionTargetId="figure-14@17.[151,1436,190,1407]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 5762. Anorthoneis hummii specimens from Hustedts cleaned materials AM791, AM792, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. (57) External sternum valve with asymmetrical hyaline central area and small roundish terminal areas (arrow); (58) Detail of sternum valve mantle terminating in a wide hyaline marginal area; (59) Detail of roundish/transapically elongated areolae externally occluded by thick perforated hymenes; (60) Detail of sternum valve mantle; (61) Internal view of areolae occluded by perforated hymens; (62) Internal sternum valve showing sternum and hyaline central area. Scale bars: Fig. 57 = 10 μm; Figs 62, 63 = 5 μm; Figs 58, 60 = 2 μm; Figs 59, 61 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720132" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720132/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Fig. 58 and 60</figureCitation>
). Sternum depressed, asymmetric, terminating in small roundish hyaline areas, close to the valve margin (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFCD8368FAE94484803DAF31" box="[1285,1364,1789,1814]" captionStart="FIGURES 5762" captionStartId="17.[136,243,1432,1453]" captionTargetBox="[162,1430,201,1399]" captionTargetId="figure-14@17.[151,1436,190,1407]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 5762. Anorthoneis hummii specimens from Hustedts cleaned materials AM791, AM792, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. (57) External sternum valve with asymmetrical hyaline central area and small roundish terminal areas (arrow); (58) Detail of sternum valve mantle terminating in a wide hyaline marginal area; (59) Detail of roundish/transapically elongated areolae externally occluded by thick perforated hymenes; (60) Detail of sternum valve mantle; (61) Internal view of areolae occluded by perforated hymens; (62) Internal sternum valve showing sternum and hyaline central area. Scale bars: Fig. 57 = 10 μm; Figs 62, 63 = 5 μm; Figs 58, 60 = 2 μm; Figs 59, 61 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720132" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720132/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Fig. 57</figureCitation>
arrow). Central area not clearly defined (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFCD8368FE104558873BAF1D" box="[508,594,1825,1850]" captionStart="FIGURES 5762" captionStartId="17.[136,243,1432,1453]" captionTargetBox="[162,1430,201,1399]" captionTargetId="figure-14@17.[151,1436,190,1407]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 5762. Anorthoneis hummii specimens from Hustedts cleaned materials AM791, AM792, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. (57) External sternum valve with asymmetrical hyaline central area and small roundish terminal areas (arrow); (58) Detail of sternum valve mantle terminating in a wide hyaline marginal area; (59) Detail of roundish/transapically elongated areolae externally occluded by thick perforated hymenes; (60) Detail of sternum valve mantle; (61) Internal view of areolae occluded by perforated hymens; (62) Internal sternum valve showing sternum and hyaline central area. Scale bars: Fig. 57 = 10 μm; Figs 62, 63 = 5 μm; Figs 58, 60 = 2 μm; Figs 59, 61 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720132" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720132/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Fig. 57</figureCitation>
). Transapical striae uniseriate on both the valve face and the mantle, from
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10 μm close to the margin to
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10 μm close to the sternum, composed of large, transapically elongated areolae (
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10 μm). Thick hymenes occluding externally the areolae perforated by round porelli in a circular to regular scatter (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFCD8368FF0C45F4845AAF81" box="[224,307,1933,1958]" captionStart="FIGURES 5762" captionStartId="17.[136,243,1432,1453]" captionTargetBox="[162,1430,201,1399]" captionTargetId="figure-14@17.[151,1436,190,1407]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 5762. Anorthoneis hummii specimens from Hustedts cleaned materials AM791, AM792, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. (57) External sternum valve with asymmetrical hyaline central area and small roundish terminal areas (arrow); (58) Detail of sternum valve mantle terminating in a wide hyaline marginal area; (59) Detail of roundish/transapically elongated areolae externally occluded by thick perforated hymenes; (60) Detail of sternum valve mantle; (61) Internal view of areolae occluded by perforated hymens; (62) Internal sternum valve showing sternum and hyaline central area. Scale bars: Fig. 57 = 10 μm; Figs 62, 63 = 5 μm; Figs 58, 60 = 2 μm; Figs 59, 61 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720132" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720132/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Fig. 59</figureCitation>
). Internally, valve face concave, with raised narrow sternum, expanding laterally into large asymmetric roundish central area (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFCD8368FE6E45C884BEAFED" box="[386,471,1969,1994]" captionStart="FIGURES 5762" captionStartId="17.[136,243,1432,1453]" captionTargetBox="[162,1430,201,1399]" captionTargetId="figure-14@17.[151,1436,190,1407]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 5762. Anorthoneis hummii specimens from Hustedts cleaned materials AM791, AM792, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. (57) External sternum valve with asymmetrical hyaline central area and small roundish terminal areas (arrow); (58) Detail of sternum valve mantle terminating in a wide hyaline marginal area; (59) Detail of roundish/transapically elongated areolae externally occluded by thick perforated hymenes; (60) Detail of sternum valve mantle; (61) Internal view of areolae occluded by perforated hymens; (62) Internal sternum valve showing sternum and hyaline central area. Scale bars: Fig. 57 = 10 μm; Figs 62, 63 = 5 μm; Figs 58, 60 = 2 μm; Figs 59, 61 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720132" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720132/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Fig. 62</figureCitation>
). Mantle virgae visibly raised (
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).
</paragraph>
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:—
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Externally, valve face almost flat to slightly concave, sloping gently into a shallow mantle (
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). Striae radial, uniseriate, becoming biseriate close to the valve margin,
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10 μm (
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). Areolae large, roundish (valve face) or transapically-elongated (mantle),
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10 μm, occluded by hymenes ultrastructurally similar to those in the SV (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFCE836BFE80437284AAA903" box="[364,451,267,292]" captionStart="FIGURES 63-67" captionStartId="18.[136,243,1627,1648]" captionTargetBox="[162,1430,436,1596]" captionTargetId="figure-133@18.[151,1436,425,1602]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 63-67. Anorthoneis hummii specimens from Hustedts cleaned materials AM791, AM792, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. 63. External view of raphe-sternum valve. (64) Detail of coaxial raphe central endings in external view lying in drop-shaped areas; (65) External view of distal raphe ending terminating in hyaline submarginal area; (66) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum mantle showing the opened valvocopula with smooth inner margin; (67) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve. Scale bars: Fig. 57 = 10 μm, Figs 62, 63, 67 = 5 μm; Figs 58, 60, 65 = 2 μm; Figs 59, 61, 64, 66 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720134/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Fig. 66</figureCitation>
). Central area very narrow, not well discernible, flanked by imperforated small areolae (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFCE836BFF7C4356858DA96F" box="[144,228,303,328]" captionStart="FIGURES 63-67" captionStartId="18.[136,243,1627,1648]" captionTargetBox="[162,1430,436,1596]" captionTargetId="figure-133@18.[151,1436,425,1602]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 63-67. Anorthoneis hummii specimens from Hustedts cleaned materials AM791, AM792, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. 63. External view of raphe-sternum valve. (64) Detail of coaxial raphe central endings in external view lying in drop-shaped areas; (65) External view of distal raphe ending terminating in hyaline submarginal area; (66) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum mantle showing the opened valvocopula with smooth inner margin; (67) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve. Scale bars: Fig. 57 = 10 μm, Figs 62, 63, 67 = 5 μm; Figs 58, 60, 65 = 2 μm; Figs 59, 61, 64, 66 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720134/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Fig. 64</figureCitation>
). Proximal raphe endings expanded, pore-like, coaxial and lying in concave drop-shaped area (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFCE836BFAEE4356803FA96F" box="[1282,1366,303,328]" captionStart="FIGURES 63-67" captionStartId="18.[136,243,1627,1648]" captionTargetBox="[162,1430,436,1596]" captionTargetId="figure-133@18.[151,1436,425,1602]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 63-67. Anorthoneis hummii specimens from Hustedts cleaned materials AM791, AM792, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. 63. External view of raphe-sternum valve. (64) Detail of coaxial raphe central endings in external view lying in drop-shaped areas; (65) External view of distal raphe ending terminating in hyaline submarginal area; (66) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum mantle showing the opened valvocopula with smooth inner margin; (67) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve. Scale bars: Fig. 57 = 10 μm, Figs 62, 63, 67 = 5 μm; Figs 58, 60, 65 = 2 μm; Figs 59, 61, 64, 66 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720134/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Fig. 64</figureCitation>
). Distal raphe endings expanded, pore-like, hardly reaching hyaline submarginal areas (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFCE836BFBEC432A813BA94B" box="[1024,1106,339,364]" captionStart="FIGURES 63-67" captionStartId="18.[136,243,1627,1648]" captionTargetBox="[162,1430,436,1596]" captionTargetId="figure-133@18.[151,1436,425,1602]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 63-67. Anorthoneis hummii specimens from Hustedts cleaned materials AM791, AM792, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. 63. External view of raphe-sternum valve. (64) Detail of coaxial raphe central endings in external view lying in drop-shaped areas; (65) External view of distal raphe ending terminating in hyaline submarginal area; (66) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum mantle showing the opened valvocopula with smooth inner margin; (67) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve. Scale bars: Fig. 57 = 10 μm, Figs 62, 63, 67 = 5 μm; Figs 58, 60, 65 = 2 μm; Figs 59, 61, 64, 66 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720134/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Fig. 65</figureCitation>
, arrow), distant from the valve margin. Valvocopula open, with a smooth inner margin (
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).
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</treatmentCitation>
(
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFCE836BFDB9451287BFAFA3" box="[597,726,1899,1924]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 6875" captionStart-1="FIGURES 7680" captionStart-2="FIGURES 8187" captionStartId-0="19.[136,243,1697,1718]" captionStartId-1="20.[136,243,1377,1398]" captionStartId-2="21.[136,243,1807,1828]" captionTargetBox-0="[190,1397,196,1668]" captionTargetBox-1="[230,1361,185,1343]" captionTargetBox-2="[200,1392,381,1774]" captionTargetId-0="figure-14@19.[183,1403,175,1673]" captionTargetId-1="figure-15@20.[220,1367,175,1352]" captionTargetId-2="figure-104@21.[190,1398,371,1782]" captionTargetPageId-0="19" captionTargetPageId-1="20" captionTargetPageId-2="21" captionText-0="FIGURES 6875. Historical reports of Anorthoneis hyalina by different authors. (68) Raphe-sternum and sternum valve drawings of A. hyalina from Hustedt (1955) (holotype); (69) Sternum valve micrographs of A. hyalina from Witkowski et al. (2000); (70) Micrograph of A. hyalina specimen H65236 from slide ZT1/91 (isolectotype), material AM792 from Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany); (71) Micrograph of A. hyalina specimen H65075 from slide ZT1/84 (isolectotype) material AM791 from Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany); (72) Micrograph of A. hyalina specimen H64958 from slide ZT1/79 (lectotype), material AM791 from Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany); (73) Micrograph of A. hyalina specimen H65365a from slide ZT2/01(Paralectotypes), cleaned material AM794 from Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany); (74) Micrograph of A. hyalina specimen H65159 from slide ZT1/87 (isolectotype), cleaned material AM791 from Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany); (75) A. hyalina specimen from cleaned material AM791, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany). Magnification: Fig. 69: x1500. Scale bars: Figs 7075 = 10 μm." captionText-1="FIGURES 7680. Anorthoneis hyalina specimens from Hustedts cleaned material AM791, AM794, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. (76) External view of sternum valve showing the asymmetrical hyaline central area; (77) Internal view of sternum valve with thickened hyaline central area; (78) Tilted external view (60°) of sternum valve; (79) Detail of sternum valve surface showing imperforated areolae (arrow); (80) Detail of sternum valve mantle in internal view showing the slit-like areolae occluded by vela. Scale bars: Figs 76, 77 = 10 μm; Fig. 78 = 5 μm; Figs 79, 80 = 2 μm." captionText-2="FIGURES 8187. Anorthoneis hyalina specimens from Hustedts cleaned material AM791, AM794, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. (81) Raphe-sternum valve in external view; (82) External view of the apically elongated distal raphe ending terminating in a hyaline submarginal area; (83) Detail of coaxial proximal raphe endings in external view; (84) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve; (85) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum mantle terminating in narrow submarginal area bordered by a thickened rim (arrows). Smaller non-hymenate poroids are present at the end of each biseriate stria (white arrowhead) and ligulate structures are visible on the marginal area (black arrowhead); (86) Raphe-sternum valve in internal view; (87) Detail of the internal surface of raphe-sternum valve showing the biseriate mantle striae. Scale bars: Figs 81, 84, 86 = 10 μm; Fig. 87 = 2 μm; Figs 82, 83, 85 = 1 μm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720138" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720140" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720144" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13720138/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13720140/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13720144/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Figs 6887</figureCitation>
)
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31FEAA9FFCE836BFF6445EB869FAFEC" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BBAB922FFCE836BFF6445EB869FAFEC" blockId="18.[136,1452,1938,1995]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFCE836BFF6445EB8471AF80" bold="true" box="[136,280,1938,1959]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">References:—</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF94C4D3FFCE836BFEF445EB84C3AF80" author="Hustedt, F." box="[280,426,1938,1959]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" pagination="5 - 67" refId="ref18183" refString="Hustedt, F. (1955) Marine littoral diatoms of Beaufort, North Carolina. Duke University Marine Station Bulletin 6: 5 - 67." type="journal article" year="1955">Hustedt (1955)</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 2 figs 34, pl. 5 figs 1213;
<bibRefCitation id="EF94C4D3FFCE836BFD3245EB8608AF80" author="Foged, N." box="[734,865,1938,1959]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" pagination="1 - 127" refId="ref17514" refString="Foged, N. (1975) Some littoral diatoms from the Coast of Tanzania. Bibliotheca Phycologica 16: 1 - 127." type="journal article" year="1975">Foged (1975)</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 7, figs 12, 13; Simonsen (1987), p. 404, pl. 604, figs 18;
<bibRefCitation id="EF94C4D3FFCE836BFF5145CF84CDAFEC" author="Witkowski, A. &amp; Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D." box="[189,420,1974,1995]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" refId="ref20321" refString="Witkowski, A., Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D. (2000) Diatom flora of marine coasts I. Iconographia Diatomologica. Vol. 7. Koeltz Scientific Books, 925 pp." type="book" year="2000">
Witkowski
<emphasis id="B9716530FFCE836BFEC045CF8434AFEC" box="[300,349,1974,1995]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">et al.</emphasis>
(2000)
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 98, pl. 51, fig. 1;
<bibRefCitation id="EF94C4D3FFCE836BFD8045CF8632AFEC" author="Garcia, M. &amp; Talgatti, D. M." box="[620,859,1974,1995]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" pagination="7 - 18" refId="ref17578" refString="Garcia, M. &amp; Talgatti, D. M. (2006) Diatom and distribution of Anorthoneis Grunow (Bacillariophyta) from Santa Catarina Coast, Brazil. Insula 35: 7 - 18." type="journal article" year="2006">Garcia &amp; Talgatti (2006)</bibRefCitation>
, figs 34, 915.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF7AE9AAFFCF836AFF6444D88680A039" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720138" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13720138" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720138/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" startId="19.[136,243,1697,1718]" targetBox="[190,1397,196,1668]" targetPageId="19" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BBAB922FFCF836AFF6444D88680A039" blockId="19.[136,1452,1697,2078]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFCF836AFF6444D88452AE91" bold="true" box="[136,315,1697,1718]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">FIGURES 6875.</emphasis>
Historical reports of
<taxonomicName id="4C05C2A1FFCF836AFDE644D887A7AE91" authorityName="Hustedt" authorityYear="1955" box="[522,718,1697,1718]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Anorthoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="hyalina">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFCF836AFDE644D887A7AE91" box="[522,718,1697,1718]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">Anorthoneis hyalina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by different authors. (68) Raphe-sternum and sternum valve drawings of
<taxonomicName id="4C05C2A1FFCF836AFA7B44D885B9AEFD" authorityName="Hustedt" authorityYear="1955" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Anorthoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="hyalina">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFCF836AFA7B44D885B9AEFD" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">A. hyalina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<bibRefCitation id="EF94C4D3FFCF836AFEE144BC84F6AEFD" author="Hustedt, F." box="[269,415,1733,1754]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" pagination="5 - 67" refId="ref18183" refString="Hustedt, F. (1955) Marine littoral diatoms of Beaufort, North Carolina. Duke University Marine Station Bulletin 6: 5 - 67." type="journal article" year="1955">Hustedt (1955)</bibRefCitation>
(holotype); (69) Sternum valve micrographs of
<taxonomicName id="4C05C2A1FFCF836AFC9944BC86B0AEFD" authorityName="Hustedt" authorityYear="1955" box="[885,985,1733,1754]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Anorthoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="hyalina">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFCF836AFC9944BC86B0AEFD" box="[885,985,1733,1754]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">A. hyalina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<bibRefCitation id="EF94C4D3FFCF836AFBF944BC8069AEFD" author="Witkowski, A. &amp; Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D." box="[1045,1280,1733,1754]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" refId="ref20321" refString="Witkowski, A., Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D. (2000) Diatom flora of marine coasts I. Iconographia Diatomologica. Vol. 7. Koeltz Scientific Books, 925 pp." type="book" year="2000">
Witkowski
<emphasis id="B9716530FFCF836AFB6944BC81DEAEFD" box="[1157,1207,1733,1754]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">et al.</emphasis>
(2000)
</bibRefCitation>
; (70) Micrograph of
<taxonomicName id="4C05C2A1FFCF836AFF4E4490846DAED9" authorityName="Hustedt" authorityYear="1955" box="[162,260,1769,1790]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Anorthoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="hyalina">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFCF836AFF4E4490846DAED9" box="[162,260,1769,1790]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">A. hyalina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimen H65236 from slide ZT1/91 (isolectotype), material AM792 from Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany); (71) Micrograph of
<taxonomicName id="4C05C2A1FFCF836AFD5E4574867DAF05" authorityName="Hustedt" authorityYear="1955" box="[690,788,1805,1826]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Anorthoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="hyalina">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFCF836AFD5E4574867DAF05" box="[690,788,1805,1826]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">A. hyalina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimen H65075 from slide ZT1/84 (isolectotype) material AM791 from Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany); (72) Micrograph of
<taxonomicName id="4C05C2A1FFCF836AFB0F45488021AF61" authorityName="Hustedt" authorityYear="1955" box="[1251,1352,1841,1862]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Anorthoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="hyalina">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFCF836AFB0F45488021AF61" box="[1251,1352,1841,1862]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">A. hyalina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimen H64958 from slide ZT1/79 (lectotype), material AM791 from Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany); (73) Micrograph of
<taxonomicName id="4C05C2A1FFCF836AFE5E4500877DAFA9" authorityName="Hustedt" authorityYear="1955" box="[434,532,1913,1934]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Anorthoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="hyalina">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFCF836AFE5E4500877DAFA9" box="[434,532,1913,1934]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">A. hyalina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimen H65365a from slide ZT2/01(Paralectotypes), cleaned material AM794 from Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany); (74) Micrograph of
<taxonomicName id="4C05C2A1FFCF836AFBBE45E481D1AF95" authorityName="Hustedt" authorityYear="1955" box="[1106,1208,1949,1970]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Anorthoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="hyalina">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFCF836AFBBE45E481D1AF95" box="[1106,1208,1949,1970]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">A. hyalina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimen H65159 from slide ZT1/87 (isolectotype), cleaned material AM791 from Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany); (75)
<taxonomicName id="4C05C2A1FFCF836AFEC2459C84FFAFDD" authorityName="Hustedt" authorityYear="1955" box="[302,406,2021,2042]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Anorthoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="hyalina">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFCF836AFEC2459C84FFAFDD" box="[302,406,2021,2042]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">A. hyalina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimen from cleaned material AM791, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany). Magnification: Fig. 69: x1500. Scale bars: Figs 7075 = 10 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7AE9AAFFC8836DFF644718818FAE21" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720140" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13720140" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720140/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" startId="20.[136,243,1377,1398]" targetBox="[230,1361,185,1343]" targetPageId="20" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BBAB922FFC8836DFF644718818FAE21" blockId="20.[136,1452,1377,1542]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFC8836DFF6447188454AD51" bold="true" box="[136,317,1377,1398]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">FIGURES 7680.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C05C2A1FFC8836DFEAA47188764AD51" authorityName="Hustedt" authorityYear="1955" box="[326,525,1377,1398]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Anorthoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="hyalina">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFC8836DFEAA47188764AD51" box="[326,525,1377,1398]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Anorthoneis hyalina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens from Hustedts cleaned material AM791, AM794, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. (76) External view of sternum valve showing the asymmetrical hyaline central area; (77) Internal view of sternum valve with thickened hyaline central area; (78) Tilted external view (60°) of sternum valve; (79) Detail of sternum valve surface showing imperforated areolae (arrow); (80) Detail of sternum valve mantle in internal view showing the slit-like areolae occluded by vela. Scale bars: Figs 76, 77 = 10 μm; Fig. 78 = 5 μm; Figs 79, 80 = 2 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C31FEAA9FFC8836CFF64444F845BA94E" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="222" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBAB922FFC8836DFF64444F8015AE68" blockId="20.[136,1452,1590,2079]" box="[136,1404,1590,1615]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFC8836DFF64444F8473AE68" bold="true" box="[136,282,1590,1615]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Description.</emphasis>
Valves ovoid to circular in outline (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC8836DFD40444F866AAE68" box="[684,771,1590,1615]" captionStart="FIGURES 7680" captionStartId="20.[136,243,1377,1398]" captionTargetBox="[230,1361,185,1343]" captionTargetId="figure-15@20.[220,1367,175,1352]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 7680. Anorthoneis hyalina specimens from Hustedts cleaned material AM791, AM794, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. (76) External view of sternum valve showing the asymmetrical hyaline central area; (77) Internal view of sternum valve with thickened hyaline central area; (78) Tilted external view (60°) of sternum valve; (79) Detail of sternum valve surface showing imperforated areolae (arrow); (80) Detail of sternum valve mantle in internal view showing the slit-like areolae occluded by vela. Scale bars: Figs 76, 77 = 10 μm; Fig. 78 = 5 μm; Figs 79, 80 = 2 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720140" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720140/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Figs 76</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC8836DFCE2444F8644AE68" box="[782,813,1590,1615]" captionStart="FIGURES 8187" captionStartId="21.[136,243,1807,1828]" captionTargetBox="[200,1392,381,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-104@21.[190,1398,371,1782]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 8187. Anorthoneis hyalina specimens from Hustedts cleaned material AM791, AM794, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. (81) Raphe-sternum valve in external view; (82) External view of the apically elongated distal raphe ending terminating in a hyaline submarginal area; (83) Detail of coaxial proximal raphe endings in external view; (84) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve; (85) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum mantle terminating in narrow submarginal area bordered by a thickened rim (arrows). Smaller non-hymenate poroids are present at the end of each biseriate stria (white arrowhead) and ligulate structures are visible on the marginal area (black arrowhead); (86) Raphe-sternum valve in internal view; (87) Detail of the internal surface of raphe-sternum valve showing the biseriate mantle striae. Scale bars: Figs 81, 84, 86 = 10 μm; Fig. 87 = 2 μm; Figs 82, 83, 85 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720144" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720144/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">81</figureCitation>
). Apical axis: 2436 μm, transapical axis: 2028μm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBAB922FFC8836DFF5144208110AF48" blockId="20.[136,1452,1590,2079]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFC8836DFF514420846CAE54" bold="true" box="[189,261,1625,1651]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFC8836DFF51442085B6AE54" bold="true" box="[189,223,1625,1651]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">SV</emphasis>
:—
</emphasis>
Externally, valve face flat in its central part, distally convex, curving gradually into a shallow undifferentiated mantle (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC8836DFF0844078401AEB0" box="[228,360,1662,1687]" captionStart="FIGURES 7680" captionStartId="20.[136,243,1377,1398]" captionTargetBox="[230,1361,185,1343]" captionTargetId="figure-15@20.[220,1367,175,1352]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 7680. Anorthoneis hyalina specimens from Hustedts cleaned material AM791, AM794, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. (76) External view of sternum valve showing the asymmetrical hyaline central area; (77) Internal view of sternum valve with thickened hyaline central area; (78) Tilted external view (60°) of sternum valve; (79) Detail of sternum valve surface showing imperforated areolae (arrow); (80) Detail of sternum valve mantle in internal view showing the slit-like areolae occluded by vela. Scale bars: Figs 76, 77 = 10 μm; Fig. 78 = 5 μm; Figs 79, 80 = 2 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720140" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720140/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Figs 76, 78</figureCitation>
). Sternum strongly asymmetric, expanded in the centre, giving rise to a very large, semi-circular central area, occupying more than 2/3 of the entire valve surface (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC8836DFC6044DB817CAE9C" box="[908,1045,1698,1723]" captionStart="FIGURES 7680" captionStartId="20.[136,243,1377,1398]" captionTargetBox="[230,1361,185,1343]" captionTargetId="figure-15@20.[220,1367,175,1352]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 7680. Anorthoneis hyalina specimens from Hustedts cleaned material AM791, AM794, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. (76) External view of sternum valve showing the asymmetrical hyaline central area; (77) Internal view of sternum valve with thickened hyaline central area; (78) Tilted external view (60°) of sternum valve; (79) Detail of sternum valve surface showing imperforated areolae (arrow); (80) Detail of sternum valve mantle in internal view showing the slit-like areolae occluded by vela. Scale bars: Figs 76, 77 = 10 μm; Fig. 78 = 5 μm; Figs 79, 80 = 2 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720140" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720140/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Figs 76, 78</figureCitation>
), covered with randomly scattered, irregular concavities and flanked by groove-like fissures (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC8836DFCC844BF86C0AEF8" box="[804,937,1734,1759]" captionStart="FIGURES 7680" captionStartId="20.[136,243,1377,1398]" captionTargetBox="[230,1361,185,1343]" captionTargetId="figure-15@20.[220,1367,175,1352]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 7680. Anorthoneis hyalina specimens from Hustedts cleaned material AM791, AM794, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. (76) External view of sternum valve showing the asymmetrical hyaline central area; (77) Internal view of sternum valve with thickened hyaline central area; (78) Tilted external view (60°) of sternum valve; (79) Detail of sternum valve surface showing imperforated areolae (arrow); (80) Detail of sternum valve mantle in internal view showing the slit-like areolae occluded by vela. Scale bars: Figs 76, 77 = 10 μm; Fig. 78 = 5 μm; Figs 79, 80 = 2 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720140" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720140/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Figs 78, 79</figureCitation>
arrow). Similar irregular, apically elongated groove-like fissures mark the apical axis (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC8836DFDBD449387B9AF24" box="[593,720,1770,1795]" captionStart="FIGURES 7680" captionStartId="20.[136,243,1377,1398]" captionTargetBox="[230,1361,185,1343]" captionTargetId="figure-15@20.[220,1367,175,1352]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 7680. Anorthoneis hyalina specimens from Hustedts cleaned material AM791, AM794, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. (76) External view of sternum valve showing the asymmetrical hyaline central area; (77) Internal view of sternum valve with thickened hyaline central area; (78) Tilted external view (60°) of sternum valve; (79) Detail of sternum valve surface showing imperforated areolae (arrow); (80) Detail of sternum valve mantle in internal view showing the slit-like areolae occluded by vela. Scale bars: Figs 76, 77 = 10 μm; Fig. 78 = 5 μm; Figs 79, 80 = 2 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720140" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720140/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Figs 76, 78</figureCitation>
). Striae uniseriate, radiate,
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10 μm close to the valve centre, becoming denser towards the margin (
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10 μm), composed of slit-like areolae (
<quantity id="4CFD14C7FFC8836DFBAD45778113AF00" box="[1089,1146,1806,1831]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" unit="in" value="10.0">10 in</quantity>
10 μm) internally occluded by vela (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC8836DFF00454B842BAF6C" box="[236,322,1842,1867]" captionStart="FIGURES 7680" captionStartId="20.[136,243,1377,1398]" captionTargetBox="[230,1361,185,1343]" captionTargetId="figure-15@20.[220,1367,175,1352]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 7680. Anorthoneis hyalina specimens from Hustedts cleaned material AM791, AM794, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. (76) External view of sternum valve showing the asymmetrical hyaline central area; (77) Internal view of sternum valve with thickened hyaline central area; (78) Tilted external view (60°) of sternum valve; (79) Detail of sternum valve surface showing imperforated areolae (arrow); (80) Detail of sternum valve mantle in internal view showing the slit-like areolae occluded by vela. Scale bars: Figs 76, 77 = 10 μm; Fig. 78 = 5 μm; Figs 79, 80 = 2 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720140" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720140/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Fig. 80</figureCitation>
). The internal areola openings are larger than those on the exterior. Internally, almost undiscernible sternum and very large hyaline central area appear heavily silicified and smooth (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC8836DFBF4452F8105AF48" box="[1048,1132,1878,1903]" captionStart="FIGURES 7680" captionStartId="20.[136,243,1377,1398]" captionTargetBox="[230,1361,185,1343]" captionTargetId="figure-15@20.[220,1367,175,1352]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 7680. Anorthoneis hyalina specimens from Hustedts cleaned material AM791, AM794, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. (76) External view of sternum valve showing the asymmetrical hyaline central area; (77) Internal view of sternum valve with thickened hyaline central area; (78) Tilted external view (60°) of sternum valve; (79) Detail of sternum valve surface showing imperforated areolae (arrow); (80) Detail of sternum valve mantle in internal view showing the slit-like areolae occluded by vela. Scale bars: Figs 76, 77 = 10 μm; Fig. 78 = 5 μm; Figs 79, 80 = 2 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720140" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720140/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Fig. 77</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B9716530FFC8836DFF5145018471AFB4" bold="true" box="[189,280,1912,1939]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFC8836DFF514501859BAFB5" bold="true" box="[189,242,1912,1938]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">RSV</emphasis>
:—
</emphasis>
Externally, valve face concave with slightly raised asymmetrical raphe-sternum (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC8836DFB6045038063AFB4" box="[1164,1290,1914,1939]" captionStart="FIGURES 8187" captionStartId="21.[136,243,1807,1828]" captionTargetBox="[200,1392,381,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-104@21.[190,1398,371,1782]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 8187. Anorthoneis hyalina specimens from Hustedts cleaned material AM791, AM794, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. (81) Raphe-sternum valve in external view; (82) External view of the apically elongated distal raphe ending terminating in a hyaline submarginal area; (83) Detail of coaxial proximal raphe endings in external view; (84) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve; (85) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum mantle terminating in narrow submarginal area bordered by a thickened rim (arrows). Smaller non-hymenate poroids are present at the end of each biseriate stria (white arrowhead) and ligulate structures are visible on the marginal area (black arrowhead); (86) Raphe-sternum valve in internal view; (87) Detail of the internal surface of raphe-sternum valve showing the biseriate mantle striae. Scale bars: Figs 81, 84, 86 = 10 μm; Fig. 87 = 2 μm; Figs 82, 83, 85 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720144" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720144/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Figs 81, 84</figureCitation>
). Valve mantle wide, terminating at the valve margin in a narrow marginal area bordered by a thickened rim; same thickening occurs on valvocopula (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC8836DFEA945B984AFAFFE" box="[325,454,1984,2009]" captionStart="FIGURES 8187" captionStartId="21.[136,243,1807,1828]" captionTargetBox="[200,1392,381,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-104@21.[190,1398,371,1782]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 8187. Anorthoneis hyalina specimens from Hustedts cleaned material AM791, AM794, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. (81) Raphe-sternum valve in external view; (82) External view of the apically elongated distal raphe ending terminating in a hyaline submarginal area; (83) Detail of coaxial proximal raphe endings in external view; (84) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve; (85) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum mantle terminating in narrow submarginal area bordered by a thickened rim (arrows). Smaller non-hymenate poroids are present at the end of each biseriate stria (white arrowhead) and ligulate structures are visible on the marginal area (black arrowhead); (86) Raphe-sternum valve in internal view; (87) Detail of the internal surface of raphe-sternum valve showing the biseriate mantle striae. Scale bars: Figs 81, 84, 86 = 10 μm; Fig. 87 = 2 μm; Figs 82, 83, 85 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720144" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720144/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Figs 82, 85</figureCitation>
arrows); ligulate structures are visible on the valvocopula (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC8836DFB8745B981D7AFFE" box="[1131,1214,1984,2009]" captionStart="FIGURES 8187" captionStartId="21.[136,243,1807,1828]" captionTargetBox="[200,1392,381,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-104@21.[190,1398,371,1782]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 8187. Anorthoneis hyalina specimens from Hustedts cleaned material AM791, AM794, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. (81) Raphe-sternum valve in external view; (82) External view of the apically elongated distal raphe ending terminating in a hyaline submarginal area; (83) Detail of coaxial proximal raphe endings in external view; (84) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve; (85) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum mantle terminating in narrow submarginal area bordered by a thickened rim (arrows). Smaller non-hymenate poroids are present at the end of each biseriate stria (white arrowhead) and ligulate structures are visible on the marginal area (black arrowhead); (86) Raphe-sternum valve in internal view; (87) Detail of the internal surface of raphe-sternum valve showing the biseriate mantle striae. Scale bars: Figs 81, 84, 86 = 10 μm; Fig. 87 = 2 μm; Figs 82, 83, 85 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720144" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720144/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Fig. 85</figureCitation>
, black arrow). Striae radiate and strongly radiate near the apices (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC8836DFD9C459A8799AFDB" box="[624,752,2019,2044]" captionStart="FIGURES 8187" captionStartId="21.[136,243,1807,1828]" captionTargetBox="[200,1392,381,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-104@21.[190,1398,371,1782]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 8187. Anorthoneis hyalina specimens from Hustedts cleaned material AM791, AM794, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. (81) Raphe-sternum valve in external view; (82) External view of the apically elongated distal raphe ending terminating in a hyaline submarginal area; (83) Detail of coaxial proximal raphe endings in external view; (84) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve; (85) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum mantle terminating in narrow submarginal area bordered by a thickened rim (arrows). Smaller non-hymenate poroids are present at the end of each biseriate stria (white arrowhead) and ligulate structures are visible on the marginal area (black arrowhead); (86) Raphe-sternum valve in internal view; (87) Detail of the internal surface of raphe-sternum valve showing the biseriate mantle striae. Scale bars: Figs 81, 84, 86 = 10 μm; Fig. 87 = 2 μm; Figs 82, 83, 85 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720144" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720144/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Figs 81, 82</figureCitation>
),
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10 μm, uniseriate, becoming biseriate on the mantle (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC8836DFF7C4A7F8452A038" box="[144,315,2054,2079]" captionStart="FIGURES 8187" captionStartId="21.[136,243,1807,1828]" captionTargetBox="[200,1392,381,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-104@21.[190,1398,371,1782]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 8187. Anorthoneis hyalina specimens from Hustedts cleaned material AM791, AM794, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. (81) Raphe-sternum valve in external view; (82) External view of the apically elongated distal raphe ending terminating in a hyaline submarginal area; (83) Detail of coaxial proximal raphe endings in external view; (84) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve; (85) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum mantle terminating in narrow submarginal area bordered by a thickened rim (arrows). Smaller non-hymenate poroids are present at the end of each biseriate stria (white arrowhead) and ligulate structures are visible on the marginal area (black arrowhead); (86) Raphe-sternum valve in internal view; (87) Detail of the internal surface of raphe-sternum valve showing the biseriate mantle striae. Scale bars: Figs 81, 84, 86 = 10 μm; Fig. 87 = 2 μm; Figs 82, 83, 85 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720144" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720144/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Figs 82, 85, 87</figureCitation>
). Circular areolae almost equal in size,
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10 μm, occluded by perforated hymenes. A smaller, nonhymenate areola is present on the valve margin, at the end of each stria (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC9836CFC4842D9869CA89E" box="[932,1013,160,185]" captionStart="FIGURES 8187" captionStartId="21.[136,243,1807,1828]" captionTargetBox="[200,1392,381,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-104@21.[190,1398,371,1782]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 8187. Anorthoneis hyalina specimens from Hustedts cleaned material AM791, AM794, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. (81) Raphe-sternum valve in external view; (82) External view of the apically elongated distal raphe ending terminating in a hyaline submarginal area; (83) Detail of coaxial proximal raphe endings in external view; (84) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve; (85) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum mantle terminating in narrow submarginal area bordered by a thickened rim (arrows). Smaller non-hymenate poroids are present at the end of each biseriate stria (white arrowhead) and ligulate structures are visible on the marginal area (black arrowhead); (86) Raphe-sternum valve in internal view; (87) Detail of the internal surface of raphe-sternum valve showing the biseriate mantle striae. Scale bars: Figs 81, 84, 86 = 10 μm; Fig. 87 = 2 μm; Figs 82, 83, 85 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720144" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720144/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Fig. 85</figureCitation>
, white arrowhead). Asymmetric central area small, subtriangular (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC9836CFE4342BA875DA8FB" box="[431,564,195,220]" captionStart="FIGURES 8187" captionStartId="21.[136,243,1807,1828]" captionTargetBox="[200,1392,381,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-104@21.[190,1398,371,1782]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 8187. Anorthoneis hyalina specimens from Hustedts cleaned material AM791, AM794, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. (81) Raphe-sternum valve in external view; (82) External view of the apically elongated distal raphe ending terminating in a hyaline submarginal area; (83) Detail of coaxial proximal raphe endings in external view; (84) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve; (85) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum mantle terminating in narrow submarginal area bordered by a thickened rim (arrows). Smaller non-hymenate poroids are present at the end of each biseriate stria (white arrowhead) and ligulate structures are visible on the marginal area (black arrowhead); (86) Raphe-sternum valve in internal view; (87) Detail of the internal surface of raphe-sternum valve showing the biseriate mantle striae. Scale bars: Figs 81, 84, 86 = 10 μm; Fig. 87 = 2 μm; Figs 82, 83, 85 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720144" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720144/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Figs 81, 83</figureCitation>
). Raphe branches straight with close, coaxial, and slightly expanded proximal endings, deflected slightly to one side (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC9836CFDAC429F87ABA8D8" box="[576,706,230,255]" captionStart="FIGURES 8187" captionStartId="21.[136,243,1807,1828]" captionTargetBox="[200,1392,381,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-104@21.[190,1398,371,1782]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 8187. Anorthoneis hyalina specimens from Hustedts cleaned material AM791, AM794, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. (81) Raphe-sternum valve in external view; (82) External view of the apically elongated distal raphe ending terminating in a hyaline submarginal area; (83) Detail of coaxial proximal raphe endings in external view; (84) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve; (85) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum mantle terminating in narrow submarginal area bordered by a thickened rim (arrows). Smaller non-hymenate poroids are present at the end of each biseriate stria (white arrowhead) and ligulate structures are visible on the marginal area (black arrowhead); (86) Raphe-sternum valve in internal view; (87) Detail of the internal surface of raphe-sternum valve showing the biseriate mantle striae. Scale bars: Figs 81, 84, 86 = 10 μm; Fig. 87 = 2 μm; Figs 82, 83, 85 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720144" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720144/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Figs 81, 83</figureCitation>
). Distal raphe endings straight, slightly expanded, hardly reaching sub-circular terminal areas, distant from the valve margin (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC9836CFCF743708606A905" box="[795,879,265,290]" captionStart="FIGURES 8187" captionStartId="21.[136,243,1807,1828]" captionTargetBox="[200,1392,381,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-104@21.[190,1398,371,1782]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 8187. Anorthoneis hyalina specimens from Hustedts cleaned material AM791, AM794, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. (81) Raphe-sternum valve in external view; (82) External view of the apically elongated distal raphe ending terminating in a hyaline submarginal area; (83) Detail of coaxial proximal raphe endings in external view; (84) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve; (85) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum mantle terminating in narrow submarginal area bordered by a thickened rim (arrows). Smaller non-hymenate poroids are present at the end of each biseriate stria (white arrowhead) and ligulate structures are visible on the marginal area (black arrowhead); (86) Raphe-sternum valve in internal view; (87) Detail of the internal surface of raphe-sternum valve showing the biseriate mantle striae. Scale bars: Figs 81, 84, 86 = 10 μm; Fig. 87 = 2 μm; Figs 82, 83, 85 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720144" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720144/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Fig. 82</figureCitation>
). Internally, both the raphe-sternum and the central nodule thickened and prominent (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC9836CFE124355873BA962" box="[510,594,300,325]" captionStart="FIGURES 8187" captionStartId="21.[136,243,1807,1828]" captionTargetBox="[200,1392,381,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-104@21.[190,1398,371,1782]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 8187. Anorthoneis hyalina specimens from Hustedts cleaned material AM791, AM794, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. (81) Raphe-sternum valve in external view; (82) External view of the apically elongated distal raphe ending terminating in a hyaline submarginal area; (83) Detail of coaxial proximal raphe endings in external view; (84) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve; (85) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum mantle terminating in narrow submarginal area bordered by a thickened rim (arrows). Smaller non-hymenate poroids are present at the end of each biseriate stria (white arrowhead) and ligulate structures are visible on the marginal area (black arrowhead); (86) Raphe-sternum valve in internal view; (87) Detail of the internal surface of raphe-sternum valve showing the biseriate mantle striae. Scale bars: Figs 81, 84, 86 = 10 μm; Fig. 87 = 2 μm; Figs 82, 83, 85 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720144" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720144/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Fig. 86</figureCitation>
). Distal ones end in reduced helictoglossae, not reaching the hyaline terminal areas (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFC9836CFF3D4329844CA94E" box="[209,293,336,361]" captionStart="FIGURES 8187" captionStartId="21.[136,243,1807,1828]" captionTargetBox="[200,1392,381,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-104@21.[190,1398,371,1782]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 8187. Anorthoneis hyalina specimens from Hustedts cleaned material AM791, AM794, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. (81) Raphe-sternum valve in external view; (82) External view of the apically elongated distal raphe ending terminating in a hyaline submarginal area; (83) Detail of coaxial proximal raphe endings in external view; (84) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve; (85) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum mantle terminating in narrow submarginal area bordered by a thickened rim (arrows). Smaller non-hymenate poroids are present at the end of each biseriate stria (white arrowhead) and ligulate structures are visible on the marginal area (black arrowhead); (86) Raphe-sternum valve in internal view; (87) Detail of the internal surface of raphe-sternum valve showing the biseriate mantle striae. Scale bars: Figs 81, 84, 86 = 10 μm; Fig. 87 = 2 μm; Figs 82, 83, 85 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720144" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720144/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Fig. 86</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
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<mods:title id="E03E46AB71F438AF73FCBFEB65F432E2">Taxonomic revision and morphological cladistics analysis of the diatom genus Anorthoneis (Cocconeidaceae), with description of Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii sp. nov.</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="841E72396388482907B1A0A5F9811CCD">Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dellAmbiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="456921A549A191B91F41E145E48C2CAB">Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa &amp; Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università di Napoli, 81100 Caserta, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="EDB7D4BC569A71628D847CD126F928D3">Sterrenburg, Frithjof A. S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C5F10BB829F0A7214C84336BDD7CF9E0">Totti, Cecilia</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="CB5B13C21A038E69C2AC5CC835F99596">Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dellAmbiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9071A2A208102906F5C04854EF30B0A2">Stefano, Mario De</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B5D16DDF6C02F5F0D0B554B7C24E6223">Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università di Napoli, 81100 Caserta, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="97F730920235DB016706625BD6282EE0">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="DFC149A2FFBE38AAE58E8F98BA9D782D">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="BD18732F31FC94C4F4CEC364FABCD06F">336</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="3F3C1322AE58A37DBF8F3AE94EF31617">3</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="3A2DDD4948CE2D0FA2B98091080152C9">201</mods:start>
<mods:end id="B3B452E8EDE626CD7E4A80526C6D12B3">238</mods:end>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA49F33FFD78372FF6443A88774A9CB" author="Hein, M. K." box="[136,541,465,492]" page="269" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" year="1991">
<taxonomicName id="4C05C2A1FFD78372FF6443A88774A9CB" authority="Hein 1991: 269" authorityName="Hein 1991 Hein" authorityPageNumber="269" authorityYear="1991" box="[136,541,465,492]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Anorthoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="dulcis">
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<emphasis id="B9716530FFD78372FF6443A8840BA9CB" bold="true" box="[136,354,465,492]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Anorthoneis dulcis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF94C4D3FFD78372FE8643AA8774A9CB" author="Hein, M. K." box="[362,541,467,492]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" pagination="267 - 280" refId="ref17935" refString="Hein, M. K. (1991) Anorthoneis dulcis sp. nov., a new freshwater diatom from Northern Florida, U. S. A. Diatom Research 6: 267 - 280. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0269249 X. 1991.9705172" type="journal article" year="1991">Hein 1991: 269</bibRefCitation>
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(
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFD78372FDC743AA87C5A9CB" box="[555,684,467,492]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1422" captionStart-1="FIGURES 2327" captionStart-2="FIGURES 2834" captionStartId-0="10.[136,243,1796,1817]" captionStartId-1="11.[136,243,1807,1828]" captionStartId-2="12.[136,243,1646,1667]" captionTargetBox-0="[158,1434,190,1767]" captionTargetBox-1="[165,1427,592,1784]" captionTargetBox-2="[161,1430,200,1614]" captionTargetId-0="figure-15@10.[154,1434,190,1772]" captionTargetId-1="figure-187@11.[160,1427,588,1784]" captionTargetId-2="figure-15@12.[151,1436,190,1621]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionTargetPageId-2="12" captionText-0="FIGURES 1422. Anorthoneis dulcis specimens from Hein (1991). (14) Raphe-sternum valve LM micrograph of A. dulcis from Hein (1991), fig. 2 (holotype); (15) Raphe-sternum valve LM micrograph of A. dulcis from Hein (1991), fig. 3; (16) Sternum valve LM micrograph of A. dulcis from Hein 1991, fig. 3; (17) Sternum valve LM micrograph of A. dulcis from Hein (1991), fig. 2 (holotype); (18, 19) LM micrographs of A. dulcis sternum and raphe-sternum valve from holotype (slide ANSP A-GC #55788, Diatom herbarium, Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences); (2022) LM micrographs of A. dulcis sternum and raphe-sternum valves from holotype (slide ANSP A-GC #55788, Diatom herbarium, Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences). Scale bars: Figs 14, 1719 = 10 μm; Figs 15, 16, 2022 = 5 μm." captionText-1="FIGURES 2327. Anorthoneis dulcis specimens from Hein (1991), original material #4138, Withlacoochee River, Fla, U.S.A, ANSP Material Collection, Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, SEM images. (23) External view of sternum valve showing asymmetrical subtriangular central area; (24) Tilted external view (60°) of sternum valve showing the convex external mantle; (25) Internal view of sternum valve; (26) Detail of mantle showing the apically elongated areolae at the end of each stria; (27) Tilted internal view (60°) of sternum valve showing the slight thickening of sternum and central area. Scale bars: Figs 2324, 29 = 5 μm; Fig. 25 = 2 μm; Fig. 26 = 1 μm." captionText-2="FIGURES 2834. Anorthoneis dulcis specimens from Hein (1991), original material #4138, Withlacoochee River, Fla, U.S.A, ANSP Material Collection, Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, SEM images. (28) External raphe-sternum valve with faint, hyaline, submarginal areas (arrow);(29) External coaxial, expanded, pore-like proximalraphe endings; (30) External distal raphe ending terminating in a roundish submarginal hyaline area; (31) Proximal raphe endings hooked in opposite directions and to the central nodule; (32) Internal distal raphe ending terminating in vestigial helictoglossa; (33) Internal view of raphe-sternum valve; (34) Tilted internal view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve showing the thickened raphe-sternum, central nodule and submarginal hyaline area. Scale bars: Figs 28, 33, 34 = 5 μm; Fig. 31 = 2 μm; Figs 29, 30, 32 = 1 μm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720110" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720114" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720118" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13720110/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13720114/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13720118/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Figs 1434</figureCitation>
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<emphasis id="B9716530FFD78372FF6443838471AA28" bold="true" box="[136,280,506,527]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">References:—</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF94C4D3FFD78372FEF4438384E6AA28" author="Hein, M. K." box="[280,399,506,527]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" pagination="267 - 280" refId="ref17935" refString="Hein, M. K. (1991) Anorthoneis dulcis sp. nov., a new freshwater diatom from Northern Florida, U. S. A. Diatom Research 6: 267 - 280. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0269249 X. 1991.9705172" type="journal article" year="1991">Hein (1991)</bibRefCitation>
, p. 269, figs 221, 2528;
<bibRefCitation id="EF94C4D3FFD78372FD74438386CCAA28" author="Tremarin, P. I. &amp; Ludwig, T. V." box="[664,933,506,527]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" pagination="213 - 220" refId="ref20059" refString="Tremarin, P. I. &amp; Ludwig, T. V. (2008) Anorthoneis dulcis Hein: first record in South America. Diatom Research 23: 213 - 220. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0269249 X. 2008.9705747" type="journal article" year="2008">Tremarin &amp; Ludwig (2008)</bibRefCitation>
, figs 19, 1024;
<bibRefCitation id="EF94C4D3FFD78372FBBB43838023AA28" author="Garcia, M. &amp; Talgatti, D. M." box="[1111,1354,506,527]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" pagination="1 - 5" refId="ref17615" refString="Garcia, M. &amp; Talgatti, D. M. (2008) The diatom Anorthoneis dulcis Hein from Southern Brazil: Morphology and Ecology. Research letters in Ecology 1 - 5." type="book chapter" year="2008">Garcia &amp; Talgatti (2008)</bibRefCitation>
, figs 39;
<bibRefCitation id="EF94C4D3FFD78372FF51406784D3AA14" author="Lopez Fuerte, F. O. &amp; Siqueiros Beltrones, D. A. &amp; Novelo, E." box="[189,442,542,563]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" pagination="271 - 276" refId="ref18302" refString="Lopez Fuerte, F. O., Siqueiros Beltrones, D. A. &amp; Novelo, E. (2011) Geographic range extension of Anorthoneis dulcis Hein in Oases of Baja California Peninsula, Mexico. Iheringia. Serie Botanica, Porto Alegre 66: 271 - 276." type="journal article" year="2011">
López Fuerte
<emphasis id="B9716530FFD78372FEAF4067841DAA14" box="[323,372,542,563]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">et al.</emphasis>
(2011)
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, figs 25.
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<paragraph id="8BBAB922FFD78372FF64457685C6AFF5" blockId="11.[136,1451,1807,2002]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFD78372FF6445768454AF03" bold="true" box="[136,317,1807,1828]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">FIGURES 2327.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C05C2A1FFD78372FEA945768495AF03" authorityName="Hein 1991 Hein" authorityYear="1991" box="[325,508,1807,1828]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Anorthoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="dulcis">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFD78372FEA945768495AF03" box="[325,508,1807,1828]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Anorthoneis dulcis</emphasis>
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specimens from
<bibRefCitation id="EF94C4D3FFD78372FD4B45768649AF03" author="Hein, M. K." box="[679,800,1807,1828]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" pagination="267 - 280" refId="ref17935" refString="Hein, M. K. (1991) Anorthoneis dulcis sp. nov., a new freshwater diatom from Northern Florida, U. S. A. Diatom Research 6: 267 - 280. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0269249 X. 1991.9705172" type="journal article" year="1991">Hein (1991)</bibRefCitation>
, original material #4138, Withlacoochee River, Fla, U.S.A, ANSP Material Collection, Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, SEM images. (23) External view of sternum valve showing asymmetrical subtriangular central area; (24) Tilted external view (60°) of sternum valve showing the convex external mantle; (25) Internal view of sternum valve; (26) Detail of mantle showing the apically elongated areolae at the end of each stria; (27) Tilted internal view (60°) of sternum valve showing the slight thickening of sternum and central area. Scale bars: Figs 2324, 29 = 5 μm; Fig. 25 = 2 μm; Fig. 26 = 1 μm.
</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF7AE9AAFFD08375FF644417875DAF7C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720118" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13720118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720118/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" startId="12.[136,243,1646,1667]" targetBox="[161,1430,200,1614]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
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<emphasis id="B9716530FFD08375FF6444178454AEA4" bold="true" box="[136,317,1646,1667]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">FIGURES 2834.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C05C2A1FFD08375FEA944178495AEA4" authorityName="Hein 1991 Hein" authorityYear="1991" box="[325,508,1646,1667]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Anorthoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="dulcis">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFD08375FEA944178495AEA4" box="[325,508,1646,1667]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">Anorthoneis dulcis</emphasis>
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specimens from
<bibRefCitation id="EF94C4D3FFD08375FD4B44178649AEA4" author="Hein, M. K." box="[679,800,1646,1667]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" pagination="267 - 280" refId="ref17935" refString="Hein, M. K. (1991) Anorthoneis dulcis sp. nov., a new freshwater diatom from Northern Florida, U. S. A. Diatom Research 6: 267 - 280. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0269249 X. 1991.9705172" type="journal article" year="1991">Hein (1991)</bibRefCitation>
, original material #4138, Withlacoochee River, Fla, U.S.A, ANSP Material Collection, Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, SEM images. (28) External raphe-sternum valve with faint, hyaline, submarginal areas (arrow); (29) External coaxial, expanded, pore-like proximal raphe endings; (30) External distal raphe ending terminating in a roundish submarginal hyaline area; (31) Proximal raphe endings hooked in opposite directions and to the central nodule; (32) Internal distal raphe ending terminating in vestigial helictoglossa; (33) Internal view of raphe-sternum valve; (34) Tilted internal view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve showing the thickened raphe-sternum, central nodule and submarginal hyaline area. Scale bars: Figs 28, 33, 34 = 5 μm; Fig. 31 = 2 μm; Figs 29, 30, 32 = 1 μm.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B9716530FFD08375FF6445F38473AF84" bold="true" box="[136,282,1930,1955]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">Description.</emphasis>
Valves broadly elliptical to ovoid in outline (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFD08375FCE745F38609AF84" box="[779,864,1930,1955]" captionStart="FIGURES 2327" captionStartId="11.[136,243,1807,1828]" captionTargetBox="[165,1427,592,1784]" captionTargetId="figure-187@11.[160,1427,588,1784]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 2327. Anorthoneis dulcis specimens from Hein (1991), original material #4138, Withlacoochee River, Fla, U.S.A, ANSP Material Collection, Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, SEM images. (23) External view of sternum valve showing asymmetrical subtriangular central area; (24) Tilted external view (60°) of sternum valve showing the convex external mantle; (25) Internal view of sternum valve; (26) Detail of mantle showing the apically elongated areolae at the end of each stria; (27) Tilted internal view (60°) of sternum valve showing the slight thickening of sternum and central area. Scale bars: Figs 2324, 29 = 5 μm; Fig. 25 = 2 μm; Fig. 26 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720114" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720114/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">Figs 23</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFD08375FC8745F386E2AF84" box="[875,907,1930,1955]" captionStart="FIGURES 2834" captionStartId="12.[136,243,1646,1667]" captionTargetBox="[161,1430,200,1614]" captionTargetId="figure-15@12.[151,1436,190,1621]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 2834. Anorthoneis dulcis specimens from Hein (1991), original material #4138, Withlacoochee River, Fla, U.S.A, ANSP Material Collection, Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, SEM images. (28) External raphe-sternum valve with faint, hyaline, submarginal areas (arrow);(29) External coaxial, expanded, pore-like proximalraphe endings; (30) External distal raphe ending terminating in a roundish submarginal hyaline area; (31) Proximal raphe endings hooked in opposite directions and to the central nodule; (32) Internal distal raphe ending terminating in vestigial helictoglossa; (33) Internal view of raphe-sternum valve; (34) Tilted internal view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve showing the thickened raphe-sternum, central nodule and submarginal hyaline area. Scale bars: Figs 28, 33, 34 = 5 μm; Fig. 31 = 2 μm; Figs 29, 30, 32 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720118/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">28</figureCitation>
). Apical axis: 1416 μm, transapical axis: 9.212 μm.
<emphasis id="B9716530FFD08375FF5645D5846BAFE0" bold="true" box="[186,258,1964,1991]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFD08375FF5645D585B5AFE1" bold="true" box="[186,220,1964,1990]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">SV</emphasis>
:—
</emphasis>
Externally, valve face flat to concave, becoming convex in the undifferentiated mantle, terminating in small marginal area (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFD08375FEDC45AB84DBAFCC" box="[304,434,2002,2027]" captionStart="FIGURES 2327" captionStartId="11.[136,243,1807,1828]" captionTargetBox="[165,1427,592,1784]" captionTargetId="figure-187@11.[160,1427,588,1784]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 2327. Anorthoneis dulcis specimens from Hein (1991), original material #4138, Withlacoochee River, Fla, U.S.A, ANSP Material Collection, Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, SEM images. (23) External view of sternum valve showing asymmetrical subtriangular central area; (24) Tilted external view (60°) of sternum valve showing the convex external mantle; (25) Internal view of sternum valve; (26) Detail of mantle showing the apically elongated areolae at the end of each stria; (27) Tilted internal view (60°) of sternum valve showing the slight thickening of sternum and central area. Scale bars: Figs 2324, 29 = 5 μm; Fig. 25 = 2 μm; Fig. 26 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720114" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720114/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">Figs 23, 24</figureCitation>
). Eccentric sternum neither raised nor thickened. The central area is asymmetric and larger on the wider hemivalve (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFD08375FE76458F848FA028" box="[410,486,2038,2063]" captionStart="FIGURES 2327" captionStartId="11.[136,243,1807,1828]" captionTargetBox="[165,1427,592,1784]" captionTargetId="figure-187@11.[160,1427,588,1784]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 2327. Anorthoneis dulcis specimens from Hein (1991), original material #4138, Withlacoochee River, Fla, U.S.A, ANSP Material Collection, Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, SEM images. (23) External view of sternum valve showing asymmetrical subtriangular central area; (24) Tilted external view (60°) of sternum valve showing the convex external mantle; (25) Internal view of sternum valve; (26) Detail of mantle showing the apically elongated areolae at the end of each stria; (27) Tilted internal view (60°) of sternum valve showing the slight thickening of sternum and central area. Scale bars: Figs 2324, 29 = 5 μm; Fig. 25 = 2 μm; Fig. 26 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720114" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720114/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">Fig.23</figureCitation>
). Uniseriate transapical striae (
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10 μm) composed of circular areolae (
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10 μm) internally occluded by slightly perforated hymenes, in both the valve face and the mantle (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFD18374FB6642D98066A89E" box="[1162,1295,160,185]" captionStart="FIGURES 2327" captionStartId="11.[136,243,1807,1828]" captionTargetBox="[165,1427,592,1784]" captionTargetId="figure-187@11.[160,1427,588,1784]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 2327. Anorthoneis dulcis specimens from Hein (1991), original material #4138, Withlacoochee River, Fla, U.S.A, ANSP Material Collection, Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, SEM images. (23) External view of sternum valve showing asymmetrical subtriangular central area; (24) Tilted external view (60°) of sternum valve showing the convex external mantle; (25) Internal view of sternum valve; (26) Detail of mantle showing the apically elongated areolae at the end of each stria; (27) Tilted internal view (60°) of sternum valve showing the slight thickening of sternum and central area. Scale bars: Figs 2324, 29 = 5 μm; Fig. 25 = 2 μm; Fig. 26 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720114" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720114/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Figs 25, 26</figureCitation>
). Close to the valve margin, each stria terminates with one larger, apically elongated or irregular areola (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFD18374FB8642BD81D4A8FA" box="[1130,1213,196,221]" captionStart="FIGURES 2327" captionStartId="11.[136,243,1807,1828]" captionTargetBox="[165,1427,592,1784]" captionTargetId="figure-187@11.[160,1427,588,1784]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 2327. Anorthoneis dulcis specimens from Hein (1991), original material #4138, Withlacoochee River, Fla, U.S.A, ANSP Material Collection, Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, SEM images. (23) External view of sternum valve showing asymmetrical subtriangular central area; (24) Tilted external view (60°) of sternum valve showing the convex external mantle; (25) Internal view of sternum valve; (26) Detail of mantle showing the apically elongated areolae at the end of each stria; (27) Tilted internal view (60°) of sternum valve showing the slight thickening of sternum and central area. Scale bars: Figs 2324, 29 = 5 μm; Fig. 25 = 2 μm; Fig. 26 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720114" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720114/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
). Internally, the valve structures appear largely similar to the external ones, except for the sternum and the central area, which are visibly thicker (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFD18374FF0943758401A902" box="[229,360,268,293]" captionStart="FIGURES 2327" captionStartId="11.[136,243,1807,1828]" captionTargetBox="[165,1427,592,1784]" captionTargetId="figure-187@11.[160,1427,588,1784]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 2327. Anorthoneis dulcis specimens from Hein (1991), original material #4138, Withlacoochee River, Fla, U.S.A, ANSP Material Collection, Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, SEM images. (23) External view of sternum valve showing asymmetrical subtriangular central area; (24) Tilted external view (60°) of sternum valve showing the convex external mantle; (25) Internal view of sternum valve; (26) Detail of mantle showing the apically elongated areolae at the end of each stria; (27) Tilted internal view (60°) of sternum valve showing the slight thickening of sternum and central area. Scale bars: Figs 2324, 29 = 5 μm; Fig. 25 = 2 μm; Fig. 26 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720114" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720114/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Figs 25, 27</figureCitation>
).
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<emphasis id="B9716530FFD18374FE90437384D8A903" bold="true" box="[380,433,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">RSV</emphasis>
:—
</emphasis>
Externally, valve face flat to convex, curving gradually to form a wide, concave mantle terminating in hyaline marginal area (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFD18374FDD1434987FDA96E" box="[573,660,304,329]" captionStart="FIGURES 2834" captionStartId="12.[136,243,1646,1667]" captionTargetBox="[161,1430,200,1614]" captionTargetId="figure-15@12.[151,1436,190,1621]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 2834. Anorthoneis dulcis specimens from Hein (1991), original material #4138, Withlacoochee River, Fla, U.S.A, ANSP Material Collection, Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, SEM images. (28) External raphe-sternum valve with faint, hyaline, submarginal areas (arrow);(29) External coaxial, expanded, pore-like proximalraphe endings; (30) External distal raphe ending terminating in a roundish submarginal hyaline area; (31) Proximal raphe endings hooked in opposite directions and to the central nodule; (32) Internal distal raphe ending terminating in vestigial helictoglossa; (33) Internal view of raphe-sternum valve; (34) Tilted internal view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve showing the thickened raphe-sternum, central nodule and submarginal hyaline area. Scale bars: Figs 28, 33, 34 = 5 μm; Fig. 31 = 2 μm; Figs 29, 30, 32 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720118/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
). Raphe-sternum eccentric, developed entirely within the valve face. Straight, expanded, pore-like proximal raphe endings (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFD18374FD1E432D862CA94A" box="[754,837,340,365]" captionStart="FIGURES 2834" captionStartId="12.[136,243,1646,1667]" captionTargetBox="[161,1430,200,1614]" captionTargetId="figure-15@12.[151,1436,190,1621]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 2834. Anorthoneis dulcis specimens from Hein (1991), original material #4138, Withlacoochee River, Fla, U.S.A, ANSP Material Collection, Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, SEM images. (28) External raphe-sternum valve with faint, hyaline, submarginal areas (arrow);(29) External coaxial, expanded, pore-like proximalraphe endings; (30) External distal raphe ending terminating in a roundish submarginal hyaline area; (31) Proximal raphe endings hooked in opposite directions and to the central nodule; (32) Internal distal raphe ending terminating in vestigial helictoglossa; (33) Internal view of raphe-sternum valve; (34) Tilted internal view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve showing the thickened raphe-sternum, central nodule and submarginal hyaline area. Scale bars: Figs 28, 33, 34 = 5 μm; Fig. 31 = 2 μm; Figs 29, 30, 32 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720118/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
) converge coaxially on the asymmetric, subtriangular, in its wider part, and semi-circular, in its narrower part, central area (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFD18374FC66430186B7A9B6" box="[906,990,376,401]" captionStart="FIGURES 2834" captionStartId="12.[136,243,1646,1667]" captionTargetBox="[161,1430,200,1614]" captionTargetId="figure-15@12.[151,1436,190,1621]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 2834. Anorthoneis dulcis specimens from Hein (1991), original material #4138, Withlacoochee River, Fla, U.S.A, ANSP Material Collection, Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, SEM images. (28) External raphe-sternum valve with faint, hyaline, submarginal areas (arrow);(29) External coaxial, expanded, pore-like proximalraphe endings; (30) External distal raphe ending terminating in a roundish submarginal hyaline area; (31) Proximal raphe endings hooked in opposite directions and to the central nodule; (32) Internal distal raphe ending terminating in vestigial helictoglossa; (33) Internal view of raphe-sternum valve; (34) Tilted internal view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve showing the thickened raphe-sternum, central nodule and submarginal hyaline area. Scale bars: Figs 28, 33, 34 = 5 μm; Fig. 31 = 2 μm; Figs 29, 30, 32 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720118/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
). Distal raphe endings similar in shape to the proximal ones terminate in roundish submarginal areas, close to the valve face-mantle junction (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFD18374FB3843E5804EA992" box="[1236,1319,412,437]" captionStart="FIGURES 2834" captionStartId="12.[136,243,1646,1667]" captionTargetBox="[161,1430,200,1614]" captionTargetId="figure-15@12.[151,1436,190,1621]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 2834. Anorthoneis dulcis specimens from Hein (1991), original material #4138, Withlacoochee River, Fla, U.S.A, ANSP Material Collection, Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, SEM images. (28) External raphe-sternum valve with faint, hyaline, submarginal areas (arrow);(29) External coaxial, expanded, pore-like proximalraphe endings; (30) External distal raphe ending terminating in a roundish submarginal hyaline area; (31) Proximal raphe endings hooked in opposite directions and to the central nodule; (32) Internal distal raphe ending terminating in vestigial helictoglossa; (33) Internal view of raphe-sternum valve; (34) Tilted internal view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve showing the thickened raphe-sternum, central nodule and submarginal hyaline area. Scale bars: Figs 28, 33, 34 = 5 μm; Fig. 31 = 2 μm; Figs 29, 30, 32 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720118/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
). Uniseriate valve face striae (
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10 μm) separated from the mantle striae by faint, hyaline, submarginal area present on the valve face-mantle junction (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFD18374FE92439D84B8A9DA" box="[382,465,484,509]" captionStart="FIGURES 2834" captionStartId="12.[136,243,1646,1667]" captionTargetBox="[161,1430,200,1614]" captionTargetId="figure-15@12.[151,1436,190,1621]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 2834. Anorthoneis dulcis specimens from Hein (1991), original material #4138, Withlacoochee River, Fla, U.S.A, ANSP Material Collection, Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, SEM images. (28) External raphe-sternum valve with faint, hyaline, submarginal areas (arrow);(29) External coaxial, expanded, pore-like proximalraphe endings; (30) External distal raphe ending terminating in a roundish submarginal hyaline area; (31) Proximal raphe endings hooked in opposite directions and to the central nodule; (32) Internal distal raphe ending terminating in vestigial helictoglossa; (33) Internal view of raphe-sternum valve; (34) Tilted internal view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve showing the thickened raphe-sternum, central nodule and submarginal hyaline area. Scale bars: Figs 28, 33, 34 = 5 μm; Fig. 31 = 2 μm; Figs 29, 30, 32 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720118/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
, arrow). Mantle striae uniseriate, becoming biseriate towards the valve margin (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFD18374FABC439D85C1AA06" captionStart="FIGURES 2834" captionStartId="12.[136,243,1646,1667]" captionTargetBox="[161,1430,200,1614]" captionTargetId="figure-15@12.[151,1436,190,1621]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 2834. Anorthoneis dulcis specimens from Hein (1991), original material #4138, Withlacoochee River, Fla, U.S.A, ANSP Material Collection, Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, SEM images. (28) External raphe-sternum valve with faint, hyaline, submarginal areas (arrow);(29) External coaxial, expanded, pore-like proximalraphe endings; (30) External distal raphe ending terminating in a roundish submarginal hyaline area; (31) Proximal raphe endings hooked in opposite directions and to the central nodule; (32) Internal distal raphe ending terminating in vestigial helictoglossa; (33) Internal view of raphe-sternum valve; (34) Tilted internal view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve showing the thickened raphe-sternum, central nodule and submarginal hyaline area. Scale bars: Figs 28, 33, 34 = 5 μm; Fig. 31 = 2 μm; Figs 29, 30, 32 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720118/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Figs 28, 30</figureCitation>
). Areolae (
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10 μm) small, circular, occluded by hymenes ultrastructurally similar to those in the SV. Close to the valve margin, in correspondence of each biseriate stria, a larger, apically elongated areola is present (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFD18374FAF1405580C9AA62" box="[1309,1440,556,581]" captionStart="FIGURES 2834" captionStartId="12.[136,243,1646,1667]" captionTargetBox="[161,1430,200,1614]" captionTargetId="figure-15@12.[151,1436,190,1621]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 2834. Anorthoneis dulcis specimens from Hein (1991), original material #4138, Withlacoochee River, Fla, U.S.A, ANSP Material Collection, Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, SEM images. (28) External raphe-sternum valve with faint, hyaline, submarginal areas (arrow);(29) External coaxial, expanded, pore-like proximalraphe endings; (30) External distal raphe ending terminating in a roundish submarginal hyaline area; (31) Proximal raphe endings hooked in opposite directions and to the central nodule; (32) Internal distal raphe ending terminating in vestigial helictoglossa; (33) Internal view of raphe-sternum valve; (34) Tilted internal view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve showing the thickened raphe-sternum, central nodule and submarginal hyaline area. Scale bars: Figs 28, 33, 34 = 5 μm; Fig. 31 = 2 μm; Figs 29, 30, 32 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720118/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Figs 28, 30</figureCitation>
). Internally, raphe-sternum, central nodule, and submarginal hyaline area clearly thickened and raised (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFD18374FB18402980F6AA4E" box="[1268,1439,592,617]" captionStart="FIGURES 2834" captionStartId="12.[136,243,1646,1667]" captionTargetBox="[161,1430,200,1614]" captionTargetId="figure-15@12.[151,1436,190,1621]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 2834. Anorthoneis dulcis specimens from Hein (1991), original material #4138, Withlacoochee River, Fla, U.S.A, ANSP Material Collection, Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, SEM images. (28) External raphe-sternum valve with faint, hyaline, submarginal areas (arrow);(29) External coaxial, expanded, pore-like proximalraphe endings; (30) External distal raphe ending terminating in a roundish submarginal hyaline area; (31) Proximal raphe endings hooked in opposite directions and to the central nodule; (32) Internal distal raphe ending terminating in vestigial helictoglossa; (33) Internal view of raphe-sternum valve; (34) Tilted internal view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve showing the thickened raphe-sternum, central nodule and submarginal hyaline area. Scale bars: Figs 28, 33, 34 = 5 μm; Fig. 31 = 2 μm; Figs 29, 30, 32 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720118/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Figs 33 and 34</figureCitation>
). Proximal raphe endings hooked, deflected in opposite directions, converging on the central nodule (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFD18374FB11400D803AAAAA" box="[1277,1363,628,653]" captionStart="FIGURES 2834" captionStartId="12.[136,243,1646,1667]" captionTargetBox="[161,1430,200,1614]" captionTargetId="figure-15@12.[151,1436,190,1621]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 2834. Anorthoneis dulcis specimens from Hein (1991), original material #4138, Withlacoochee River, Fla, U.S.A, ANSP Material Collection, Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, SEM images. (28) External raphe-sternum valve with faint, hyaline, submarginal areas (arrow);(29) External coaxial, expanded, pore-like proximalraphe endings; (30) External distal raphe ending terminating in a roundish submarginal hyaline area; (31) Proximal raphe endings hooked in opposite directions and to the central nodule; (32) Internal distal raphe ending terminating in vestigial helictoglossa; (33) Internal view of raphe-sternum valve; (34) Tilted internal view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve showing the thickened raphe-sternum, central nodule and submarginal hyaline area. Scale bars: Figs 28, 33, 34 = 5 μm; Fig. 31 = 2 μm; Figs 29, 30, 32 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720118/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
). Distal raphe endings terminating in vestigial helictoglossae, hardly reaching the hyaline terminal areas (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFD18374FB2540E18074AA96" box="[1225,1309,664,689]" captionStart="FIGURES 2834" captionStartId="12.[136,243,1646,1667]" captionTargetBox="[161,1430,200,1614]" captionTargetId="figure-15@12.[151,1436,190,1621]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 2834. Anorthoneis dulcis specimens from Hein (1991), original material #4138, Withlacoochee River, Fla, U.S.A, ANSP Material Collection, Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, SEM images. (28) External raphe-sternum valve with faint, hyaline, submarginal areas (arrow);(29) External coaxial, expanded, pore-like proximalraphe endings; (30) External distal raphe ending terminating in a roundish submarginal hyaline area; (31) Proximal raphe endings hooked in opposite directions and to the central nodule; (32) Internal distal raphe ending terminating in vestigial helictoglossa; (33) Internal view of raphe-sternum valve; (34) Tilted internal view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve showing the thickened raphe-sternum, central nodule and submarginal hyaline area. Scale bars: Figs 28, 33, 34 = 5 μm; Fig. 31 = 2 μm; Figs 29, 30, 32 = 1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720118/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
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<mods:title id="FCE930AE832A482541E807D277B41994">Taxonomic revision and morphological cladistics analysis of the diatom genus Anorthoneis (Cocconeidaceae), with description of Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii sp. nov.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3BEDB1848BDEF902908B877D4FF6B936">Sterrenburg, Frithjof A. S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="3DC4B155094E7FA5548C5A993E880BEC">National Natural History Museum “ Naturalis ”, Leiden, Stationsweg 1581852 LN Heiloo, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="50FF6D57FEEB527A1E448E9228AF06FD" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="138D3AF9CAE35246F992AE826230BAD3">Totti, Cecilia</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="8160E5007BF75DD68CAC1CD8750F258B">Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dellAmbiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="4958C4FA6E2E65301A38B69F24C701EB" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="370827DF8ED6500B33890EBAD74E1683">Stefano, Mario De</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6A3CB1D6295AACC776E23EF6E970934C">Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università di Napoli, 81100 Caserta, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="A3ECE6B6B11D79A16EF0BEE8E0D1F7DD">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="EB356A68362E2A02A1140CCBE1D8FF4E">
<mods:title id="2FC8BFE145969B5207644D2F569C5061">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="DCC6E4BBA3D79E62E823AEB472AAC604">
<mods:date id="142BD1396066690556E68C8299DB7D5E">2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="E65A0297E9714A2E38820DBCE653D3DE" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="5DB2138FDBFFEBF988DFBF313DF8E089">2018-02-02</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="A86EC499D6F9910A16A85EF05294FBD1" type="volume">
<mods:number id="507AD57C3BBA59699EBA7AE64E60BAAB">336</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="8A5F7D00B4B3F70A3E16F533FC120692">3</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="298D71F1B3D0C68D73993C2AEF20C963" unit="page">
<mods:start id="8A2C9ECC42AB8005067F549E15F9EE92">201</mods:start>
<mods:end id="93D8DAF832C581AF8C207F0CD015E386">238</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="D50441040B7C87F4DB62F94428F4E379">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.336.3.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="EDAE30E654EDA48B77E740415D6D2459">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="31667397673C519CD91F8CFCC0987CD2" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.336.3.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="86FF6926E58AD7ED8FAC2C81B4D15CDF" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="FFAF9656CF86B484F5A3D6ADC282FE41" type="Zenodo-Dep">13720104</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03AC0834FFDB8372FF6445E98698A98C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AC0834FFDB8372FF6445E98698A98C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AC0834FFDB8372FF6445E98698A98C" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="212" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">
<subSubSection id="C31FEAA9FFDB837EFF6445E9860EAF8C" box="[136,871,1936,1963]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BBAB922FFDB837EFF6445E9860EAF8C" blockId="7.[136,871,1936,1963]" box="[136,871,1936,1963]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">
<heading id="D0F20E4EFFDB837EFF6445E9860EAF8C" box="[136,871,1936,1963]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C05C2A1FFDB837EFF6445E987B7AF8C" authority="(Donkin) Grunow 1867: 10" authorityName="Grunow" authorityPageNumber="10" authorityYear="1867" baseAuthorityName="Donkin" box="[136,734,1936,1963]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Anorthoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="excentrica">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFDB837EFF6445E987B7AF8C" bold="true" box="[136,734,1936,1963]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFDB837EFF6445E984FFAF8D" bold="true" box="[136,406,1936,1963]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Anorthoneis excentrica</emphasis>
(Donkin) Grunow 1867: 10
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFDB837EFD0145EB8637AF8C" box="[749,862,1938,1963]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 19" captionStart-1="FIGURES 1013" captionStartId-0="8.[136,243,1843,1864]" captionStartId-1="9.[136,243,1571,1592]" captionTargetBox-0="[190,1397,234,1808]" captionTargetBox-1="[176,1410,181,1542]" captionTargetId-0="figure-54@8.[183,1403,224,1814]" captionTargetId-1="figure-14@9.[170,1416,175,1546]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionText-0="FIGURES 19. Historical reports of Anorthoneis excentrica by different Authors. (1) Raphe-sternum valve drawing of A. excentrica from Donkin (1858) (Holotype); (2) Raphe-sternum valve drawing of A. excentrica from Ralfs in Pritchard (1861); (3) Sternum and raphe-sternum valve drawings of A. excentrica from Peragallo &amp; Peragallo (18971908); (4) Sternum and raphe-sternum valve drawings of A. excentrica from Hustedt (1933); (5) Sternum valve of A. excentrica from Hendey (1964); (6) Sternum valve of A. excentrica from Sterrenburg (1988); (7) Sternum and raphe-sternum valve of A. excentrica from Witkowski et al. (2000); (8) Sternum valve of A. excentrica from slide BM 1466, Greville collection, LM image; (9) Raphe-sternum valve of A. excentrica from slide BM 1466, Greville collection, LM image. Magnifications: Fig. 6 = x2000; Fig. 7 = x1500. Scale bars: Figs 8, 9 = 10 μm." captionText-1="FIGURES 1013. Anorthoneis excentrica from Sterrenburgs sample 1 (1988), collected from the beach near Bergen aan Zee, Holland (August, 1958), SEM images. (10) External view of sternum valve showing faint eccentric sternum (arrow) and small, roundish terminal areas (arrowhead); (11) Detail of striae with smaller imperforated areola on the valve margin at the end of each stria (arrows); (12) External view of raphe-sternum valve with smaller areola at the end of each stria (arrows). (13) Internal view of raphe-sternum valve. Scale bars: Figs 10, 12, 13 = 10 μm; Fig. 11 = 2 μm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720106" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720108" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13720106/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13720108/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Figs 113</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31FEAA9FFDB8371FF6445C08673A8FE" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="209" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BBAB922FFDB837EFF6445C08645AFE9" blockId="7.[136,1452,1977,2070]" box="[136,812,1977,1998]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFDB837EFF6445C08467AFE9" bold="true" box="[136,270,1977,1998]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Basionym:—</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C05C2A1FFDB837EFEE145C087C4AFE9" authority="Donkin (1858)" authorityName="Donkin" authorityYear="1858" box="[269,685,1977,1998]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Cocconeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="excentrica">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFDB837EFEE145C084B2AFE9" box="[269,475,1977,1998]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Cocconeis excentrica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF94C4D3FFDB837EFE0D45C08718AFE9" author="Donkin, A. S." box="[481,625,1977,1998]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" pagination="12 - 34" refId="ref17447" refString="Donkin, A. S. (1858) On the marine Diatomaceae of Northumberland, with a description of eighteen new species. Transactions of the Microscopical Society of London New Series 6: 12 - 34." type="book chapter" year="1858">Donkin (1858)</bibRefCitation>
, p. 25
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 3, fig.11.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBAB922FFDB837EFF6445A480C5A031" blockId="7.[136,1452,1977,2070]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFDB837EFF6445A48471AFD5" bold="true" box="[136,280,2013,2034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">References:—</emphasis>
Grunow (1867), pl. 1, 1a, 211;
<bibRefCitation id="EF94C4D3FFDB837EFDB545A4879BAFD5" author="De Toni, J. B." box="[601,754,2013,2034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" refId="ref17416" refString="De Toni, J. B. (1891 - 1894) Silloge algarum omnium hucusque cognitarum, Vol. II. Bacillarieae. Sectio I, Raphidee. Padova," type="book" year="1891">De Toni (1891)</bibRefCitation>
, p. 46869;
<bibRefCitation id="EF94C4D3FFDB837EFC8345A48698AFD5" author="Cleve, P. T." box="[879,1009,2013,2034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" pagination="1 - 194" refId="ref16911" refString="Cleve, P. T. (1895) Synopsis of the naviculoid diatoms. Kongliga Svenska VetenskapsAkademiens Handligar, Fjarde serien 26: 1 - 194." type="journal article" year="1895">Cleve (1895)</bibRefCitation>
, p. 166, pl. 3, fig. 12;
<bibRefCitation id="EF94C4D3FFDB837EFB3F45A4859FA031" author="Peragallo, H. &amp; Peragallo, M." pageId="7" pageNumber="208" refId="ref18809" refString="Peragallo, H. &amp; Peragallo, M. (1897 - 1908) Diatomees marines de France et des districts maritimes voisins. Micrographie-Editeur, Grezsur-Loing, 491 pp." type="book" year="1897">Peragallo &amp; Peragallo (1897</bibRefCitation>
1908), p. 24, pl. 5, fig. 1;
<bibRefCitation id="EF94C4D3FFDB837EFE124A7887E8A031" author="Boyer, C. S." box="[510,641,2049,2070]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" refId="ref16847" refString="Boyer, C. S. (1916) The Diatomaceae of Philadelphia and vicinity. J. B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia." type="book" year="1916">Boyer (1916)</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 16, figs 30, 31;
<bibRefCitation id="EF94C4D3FFDB837EFCAA4A7886A3A031" author="Boyer, C. S." box="[838,970,2049,2070]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" pagination="229 - 583" refId="ref16873" refString="Boyer, C. S. (1927) Synopsis of the North American Diatomaceae. Part II. Proceeding Of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 79 (suppl.): 229 - 583." type="journal article" year="1927">Boyer (1927)</bibRefCitation>
, p. 241;
<bibRefCitation id="EF94C4D3FFDB837EFBF34A7881DAA031" author="Hustedt, F." box="[1055,1203,2049,2070]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" pagination="321 - 576" refId="ref18121" refString="Hustedt, F. (1933) Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Osterreichs und der Schweiz unter Beruchsichtigung der ubrigen Lander Europas sowie der angrenzenden Meeresgebiete. In: Rabenhorst, L. (Ed.) Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschaland, Osterreichs und der Schweiz, Band 7, Teil 2. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, Leipzig, pp. 321 - 576." type="book chapter" year="1933">Hustedt (1933)</bibRefCitation>
, p. 319, fig. 780;
<bibRefCitation id="EF94C4D3FFDB837EFA8C4A7880C5A031" author="Van der Werff, A. &amp; Huls, H." box="[1376,1452,2049,2070]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" refId="ref20106" refString="Van der Werff, A. &amp; Huls, H. (1957 - 1974) Diatomeenflora van Nederland. Abcoude, Den Haag, 581 pp." type="book" year="1957">Van der</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBAB922FFD48371FF5142D98673A8FE" blockId="8.[189,1451,160,217]" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">
Werff &amp; Huls (1957), pl. 14, fig. 93;
<bibRefCitation id="EF94C4D3FFD48371FDC642D987D7A892" author="Hendey, N. I." box="[554,702,160,181]" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" refId="ref17986" refString="Hendey, N. I. (1964) An introductory account of the smaller algae of British coastal waters. Part V. Bacillariophyceae (Diatoms). Her Majesty Stationery Office, London, 317 pp." type="book" year="1964">Hendey (1964)</bibRefCitation>
, p. 182, pl. 36, fig. 10;
<bibRefCitation id="EF94C4D3FFD48371FC4B42D98108A892" author="Sterrenburg, F. A. S." box="[935,1121,160,181]" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" pagination="3 - 4" refId="ref19793" refString="Sterrenburg, F. A. S. (1988) Observations on the genus Anorthoneis Grunow. Nova Hedwigia 47 (3 - 4): 363 - 376." type="journal article" year="1988">Sterrenburg (1988)</bibRefCitation>
, p. 363376, figs 56, 2427, 29;
<bibRefCitation id="EF94C4D3FFD48371FF5142BD84CDA8FE" author="Witkowski, A. &amp; Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D." box="[189,420,196,217]" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" refId="ref20321" refString="Witkowski, A., Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D. (2000) Diatom flora of marine coasts I. Iconographia Diatomologica. Vol. 7. Koeltz Scientific Books, 925 pp." type="book" year="2000">
Witkowski
<emphasis id="B9716530FFD48371FEC042BD8434A8FE" box="[300,349,196,217]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">et al.</emphasis>
(2000)
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 97, pl. 42, fig. 20, pl. 54, figs 9, 10.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF7AE9AAFFD48371FF64454A813FA007" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720106" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13720106" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720106/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" startId="8.[136,243,1843,1864]" targetBox="[190,1397,234,1808]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BBAB922FFD48371FF64454A813FA007" blockId="8.[136,1452,1843,2080]" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFD48371FF64454A844CAF6F" bold="true" box="[136,293,1843,1864]" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">FIGURES 19.</emphasis>
Historical reports of
<taxonomicName id="4C05C2A1FFD48371FE10454A87B7AF6F" authorityName="Grunow" authorityYear="1867" baseAuthorityName="Donkin" box="[508,734,1843,1864]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Anorthoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="excentrica">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFD48371FE10454A87B7AF6F" box="[508,734,1843,1864]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">Anorthoneis excentrica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by different Authors. (1) Raphe-sternum valve drawing of
<taxonomicName id="4C05C2A1FFD48371FAC6454A80C2AF6F" authorityName="Grunow" authorityYear="1867" baseAuthorityName="Donkin" box="[1322,1451,1843,1864]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Anorthoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="excentrica">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFD48371FAC6454A80C2AF6F" box="[1322,1451,1843,1864]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">A. excentrica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<bibRefCitation id="EF94C4D3FFD48371FF53452E8439AF4B" author="Donkin, A. S." box="[191,336,1879,1900]" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" pagination="12 - 34" refId="ref17447" refString="Donkin, A. S. (1858) On the marine Diatomaceae of Northumberland, with a description of eighteen new species. Transactions of the Microscopical Society of London New Series 6: 12 - 34." type="book chapter" year="1858">Donkin (1858)</bibRefCitation>
(Holotype); (2) Raphe-sternum valve drawing of
<taxonomicName id="4C05C2A1FFD48371FCAE452E86AAAF4B" authorityName="Grunow" authorityYear="1867" baseAuthorityName="Donkin" box="[834,963,1879,1900]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Anorthoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="excentrica">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFD48371FCAE452E86AAAF4B" box="[834,963,1879,1900]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">A. excentrica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Ralfs in
<bibRefCitation id="EF94C4D3FFD48371FBB6452E8194AF4B" author="Pritchard, A." box="[1114,1277,1879,1900]" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" refId="ref18840" refString="Pritchard, A. (1861) A history of infusoria living, and fossil: arranged according to Die infusionsthierchen of C. G. Ehrenberg; containing colored engravings, illustrative of all the genera, and descriptions of all the species in that work, with several new ones; to which is appended an account of those recently discovered in the chalk formations, 4 th edition. Whittaker &amp; Co., London, 968 pp." type="book" year="1861">Pritchard (1861)</bibRefCitation>
; (3) Sternum and raphe-sternum valve drawings of
<taxonomicName id="4C05C2A1FFD48371FE2645028720AFB7" authorityName="Grunow" authorityYear="1867" baseAuthorityName="Donkin" box="[458,585,1915,1936]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Anorthoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="excentrica">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFD48371FE2645028720AFB7" box="[458,585,1915,1936]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">A. excentrica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<bibRefCitation id="EF94C4D3FFD48371FD68450286FEAFB7" author="Peragallo, H. &amp; Peragallo, M." box="[644,919,1915,1936]" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" refId="ref18809" refString="Peragallo, H. &amp; Peragallo, M. (1897 - 1908) Diatomees marines de France et des districts maritimes voisins. Micrographie-Editeur, Grezsur-Loing, 491 pp." type="book" year="1897">Peragallo &amp; Peragallo (1897</bibRefCitation>
1908); (4) Sternum and raphe-sternum valve drawings of
<taxonomicName id="4C05C2A1FFD48371FF4945E6844EAF93" authorityName="Grunow" authorityYear="1867" baseAuthorityName="Donkin" box="[165,295,1951,1972]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Anorthoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="excentrica">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFD48371FF4945E6844EAF93" box="[165,295,1951,1972]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">A. excentrica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<bibRefCitation id="EF94C4D3FFD48371FE8445E68496AF93" author="Hustedt, F." box="[360,511,1951,1972]" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" pagination="321 - 576" refId="ref18121" refString="Hustedt, F. (1933) Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Osterreichs und der Schweiz unter Beruchsichtigung der ubrigen Lander Europas sowie der angrenzenden Meeresgebiete. In: Rabenhorst, L. (Ed.) Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschaland, Osterreichs und der Schweiz, Band 7, Teil 2. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, Leipzig, pp. 321 - 576." type="book chapter" year="1933">Hustedt (1933)</bibRefCitation>
; (5) Sternum valve of
<taxonomicName id="4C05C2A1FFD48371FD0B45E68600AF93" authorityName="Grunow" authorityYear="1867" baseAuthorityName="Donkin" box="[743,873,1951,1972]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Anorthoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="excentrica">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFD48371FD0B45E68600AF93" box="[743,873,1951,1972]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">A. excentrica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<bibRefCitation id="EF94C4D3FFD48371FC4745E68128AF93" author="Hendey, N. I." box="[939,1089,1951,1972]" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" refId="ref17986" refString="Hendey, N. I. (1964) An introductory account of the smaller algae of British coastal waters. Part V. Bacillariophyceae (Diatoms). Her Majesty Stationery Office, London, 317 pp." type="book" year="1964">Hendey (1964)</bibRefCitation>
; (6) Sternum valve of
<taxonomicName id="4C05C2A1FFD48371FAC545E680C2AF93" authorityName="Grunow" authorityYear="1867" baseAuthorityName="Donkin" box="[1321,1451,1951,1972]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Anorthoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="excentrica">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFD48371FAC545E680C2AF93" box="[1321,1451,1951,1972]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">A. excentrica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<bibRefCitation id="EF94C4D3FFD48371FF5245BA8411AFFF" author="Sterrenburg, F. A. S." box="[190,376,1987,2008]" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" pagination="3 - 4" refId="ref19793" refString="Sterrenburg, F. A. S. (1988) Observations on the genus Anorthoneis Grunow. Nova Hedwigia 47 (3 - 4): 363 - 376." type="journal article" year="1988">Sterrenburg (1988)</bibRefCitation>
; (7) Sternum and raphe-sternum valve of
<taxonomicName id="4C05C2A1FFD48371FCFE45BA86FBAFFF" authorityName="Grunow" authorityYear="1867" baseAuthorityName="Donkin" box="[786,914,1987,2008]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Anorthoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="excentrica">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFD48371FCFE45BA86FBAFFF" box="[786,914,1987,2008]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">A. excentrica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<bibRefCitation id="EF94C4D3FFD48371FC2245BA81D0AFFF" author="Witkowski, A. &amp; Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D." box="[974,1209,1987,2008]" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" refId="ref20321" refString="Witkowski, A., Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D. (2000) Diatom flora of marine coasts I. Iconographia Diatomologica. Vol. 7. Koeltz Scientific Books, 925 pp." type="book" year="2000">
Witkowski
<emphasis id="B9716530FFD48371FBD245BA8119AFFF" box="[1086,1136,1987,2008]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">et al.</emphasis>
(2000)
</bibRefCitation>
; (8) Sternum valve of
<taxonomicName id="4C05C2A1FFD48371FA7B45BA8585AFDB" authorityName="Grunow" authorityYear="1867" baseAuthorityName="Donkin" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Anorthoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="excentrica">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFD48371FA7B45BA8585AFDB" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">A. excentrica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from slide BM 1466, Greville collection, LM image; (9) Raphe-sternum valve of
<taxonomicName id="4C05C2A1FFD48371FBEA459E81ECAFDB" authorityName="Grunow" authorityYear="1867" baseAuthorityName="Donkin" box="[1030,1157,2023,2044]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Anorthoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="209" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="excentrica">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFD48371FBEA459E81ECAFDB" box="[1030,1157,2023,2044]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="209">A. excentrica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from slide BM 1466, Greville collection, LM image. Magnifications: Fig. 6 = x2000; Fig. 7 = x1500. Scale bars: Figs 8, 9 = 10 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7AE9AAFFD58370FF64445A877BAEEF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720108" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13720108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720108/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" startId="9.[136,243,1571,1592]" targetBox="[176,1410,181,1542]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BBAB922FFD58370FF64445A877BAEEF" blockId="9.[136,1452,1571,1736]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFD58370FF64445A8452AE1F" bold="true" box="[136,315,1571,1592]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">FIGURES 1013.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C05C2A1FFD58370FEAF445A874AAE1F" authorityName="Grunow" authorityYear="1867" baseAuthorityName="Donkin" box="[323,547,1571,1592]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Anorthoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="excentrica">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFD58370FEAF445A874AAE1F" box="[323,547,1571,1592]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">Anorthoneis excentrica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Sterrenburgs sample 1 (1988), collected from the beach near Bergen aan Zee, Holland (August, 1958), SEM images. (10) External view of sternum valve showing faint eccentric sternum (arrow) and small, roundish terminal areas (arrowhead); (11) Detail of striae with smaller imperforated areola on the valve margin at the end of each stria (arrows); (12) External view of raphe-sternum valve with smaller areola at the end of each stria (arrows). (13) Internal view of raphe-sternum valve. Scale bars: Figs 10, 12, 13 = 10 μm; Fig. 11 = 2 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C31FEAA9FFD58372FF6444898698A98C" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="212" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBAB922FFD58370FF6444898468AF0B" blockId="9.[136,1452,1776,2079]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFD58370FF6444898473AF2E" bold="true" box="[136,282,1776,1801]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">Description.</emphasis>
Valves broadly elliptical to almost circular in outline (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFD58370FC9A448986B0AF2E" box="[886,985,1776,1801]" captionStart="FIGURES 19" captionStartId="8.[136,243,1843,1864]" captionTargetBox="[190,1397,234,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-54@8.[183,1403,224,1814]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 19. Historical reports of Anorthoneis excentrica by different Authors. (1) Raphe-sternum valve drawing of A. excentrica from Donkin (1858) (Holotype); (2) Raphe-sternum valve drawing of A. excentrica from Ralfs in Pritchard (1861); (3) Sternum and raphe-sternum valve drawings of A. excentrica from Peragallo &amp; Peragallo (18971908); (4) Sternum and raphe-sternum valve drawings of A. excentrica from Hustedt (1933); (5) Sternum valve of A. excentrica from Hendey (1964); (6) Sternum valve of A. excentrica from Sterrenburg (1988); (7) Sternum and raphe-sternum valve of A. excentrica from Witkowski et al. (2000); (8) Sternum valve of A. excentrica from slide BM 1466, Greville collection, LM image; (9) Raphe-sternum valve of A. excentrica from slide BM 1466, Greville collection, LM image. Magnifications: Fig. 6 = x2000; Fig. 7 = x1500. Scale bars: Figs 8, 9 = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720106" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720106/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">Figs 1, 3</figureCitation>
). Apical axis: 3235 μm, transapical axis: 2528 μm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBAB922FFD58370FF51454D842DA038" blockId="9.[136,1452,1776,2079]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFD58370FF51454D846AAF68" bold="true" box="[189,259,1844,1871]" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFD58370FF51454D858EAF69" bold="true" box="[189,231,1844,1870]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">SV:</emphasis>
</emphasis>
Externally, valve face (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFD58370FE13454F8727AF68" box="[511,590,1846,1871]" captionStart="FIGURES 1013" captionStartId="9.[136,243,1571,1592]" captionTargetBox="[176,1410,181,1542]" captionTargetId="figure-14@9.[170,1416,175,1546]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 1013. Anorthoneis excentrica from Sterrenburgs sample 1 (1988), collected from the beach near Bergen aan Zee, Holland (August, 1958), SEM images. (10) External view of sternum valve showing faint eccentric sternum (arrow) and small, roundish terminal areas (arrowhead); (11) Detail of striae with smaller imperforated areola on the valve margin at the end of each stria (arrows); (12) External view of raphe-sternum valve with smaller areola at the end of each stria (arrows). (13) Internal view of raphe-sternum valve. Scale bars: Figs 10, 12, 13 = 10 μm; Fig. 11 = 2 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720108/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
) flat, becoming convex towards the undifferentiated, wide mantle, terminating in small marginal area (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFD58370FE61452184B7AF56" box="[397,478,1880,1905]" captionStart="FIGURES 1013" captionStartId="9.[136,243,1571,1592]" captionTargetBox="[176,1410,181,1542]" captionTargetId="figure-14@9.[170,1416,175,1546]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 1013. Anorthoneis excentrica from Sterrenburgs sample 1 (1988), collected from the beach near Bergen aan Zee, Holland (August, 1958), SEM images. (10) External view of sternum valve showing faint eccentric sternum (arrow) and small, roundish terminal areas (arrowhead); (11) Detail of striae with smaller imperforated areola on the valve margin at the end of each stria (arrows); (12) External view of raphe-sternum valve with smaller areola at the end of each stria (arrows). (13) Internal view of raphe-sternum valve. Scale bars: Figs 10, 12, 13 = 10 μm; Fig. 11 = 2 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720108/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
). Eccentric sternum not well discernible in SEM (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFD58370FBE445218131AF56" box="[1032,1112,1880,1905]" captionStart="FIGURES 1013" captionStartId="9.[136,243,1571,1592]" captionTargetBox="[176,1410,181,1542]" captionTargetId="figure-14@9.[170,1416,175,1546]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 1013. Anorthoneis excentrica from Sterrenburgs sample 1 (1988), collected from the beach near Bergen aan Zee, Holland (August, 1958), SEM images. (10) External view of sternum valve showing faint eccentric sternum (arrow) and small, roundish terminal areas (arrowhead); (11) Detail of striae with smaller imperforated areola on the valve margin at the end of each stria (arrows); (12) External view of raphe-sternum valve with smaller areola at the end of each stria (arrows). (13) Internal view of raphe-sternum valve. Scale bars: Figs 10, 12, 13 = 10 μm; Fig. 11 = 2 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720108/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
arrow), not reaching the valve margin, terminating in small, roundish hyaline area (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFD58370FD3245028659AFB3" box="[734,816,1915,1940]" captionStart="FIGURES 1013" captionStartId="9.[136,243,1571,1592]" captionTargetBox="[176,1410,181,1542]" captionTargetId="figure-14@9.[170,1416,175,1546]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 1013. Anorthoneis excentrica from Sterrenburgs sample 1 (1988), collected from the beach near Bergen aan Zee, Holland (August, 1958), SEM images. (10) External view of sternum valve showing faint eccentric sternum (arrow) and small, roundish terminal areas (arrowhead); (11) Detail of striae with smaller imperforated areola on the valve margin at the end of each stria (arrows); (12) External view of raphe-sternum valve with smaller areola at the end of each stria (arrows). (13) Internal view of raphe-sternum valve. Scale bars: Figs 10, 12, 13 = 10 μm; Fig. 11 = 2 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720108/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
arrowhead). Transapical striae uniseriate and radiate on both the valve face and the mantle,
<quantity id="4CFD14C7FFD58370FDF845E7871FAF90" box="[532,630,1950,1975]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.921" metricValueMax="3.048" metricValueMin="2.794" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" unit="in" value="11.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="11.0">1112 in</quantity>
10 μm close to the sternum, becoming denser towards the margin (
<quantity id="4CFD14C7FFD58370FA8945E785F7AFFE" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.175" metricValueMax="3.302" metricValueMin="3.048" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" unit="in" value="12.5" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="12.0">1213 in</quantity>
10 μm), composed of circular areolae (approx. 250 μm,
<quantity id="4CFD14C7FFD58370FCE145B98607AFFE" box="[781,878,1984,2009]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.667" metricValueMax="2.794" metricValueMin="2.54" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" unit="in" value="10.5" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="10.0">1011 in</quantity>
10 μm) externally occluded by hymenes with short, radial perforations (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFD58370FE88459A84DDAFDB" box="[356,436,2019,2044]" captionStart="FIGURES 1013" captionStartId="9.[136,243,1571,1592]" captionTargetBox="[176,1410,181,1542]" captionTargetId="figure-14@9.[170,1416,175,1546]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 1013. Anorthoneis excentrica from Sterrenburgs sample 1 (1988), collected from the beach near Bergen aan Zee, Holland (August, 1958), SEM images. (10) External view of sternum valve showing faint eccentric sternum (arrow) and small, roundish terminal areas (arrowhead); (11) Detail of striae with smaller imperforated areola on the valve margin at the end of each stria (arrows); (12) External view of raphe-sternum valve with smaller areola at the end of each stria (arrows). (13) Internal view of raphe-sternum valve. Scale bars: Figs 10, 12, 13 = 10 μm; Fig. 11 = 2 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720108/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
). In the valve margin, close to the end of each stria, a smaller imperforated areola is present (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFD58370FF7C4A7F8589A038" box="[144,224,2054,2079]" captionStart="FIGURES 1013" captionStartId="9.[136,243,1571,1592]" captionTargetBox="[176,1410,181,1542]" captionTargetId="figure-14@9.[170,1416,175,1546]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 1013. Anorthoneis excentrica from Sterrenburgs sample 1 (1988), collected from the beach near Bergen aan Zee, Holland (August, 1958), SEM images. (10) External view of sternum valve showing faint eccentric sternum (arrow) and small, roundish terminal areas (arrowhead); (11) Detail of striae with smaller imperforated areola on the valve margin at the end of each stria (arrows); (12) External view of raphe-sternum valve with smaller areola at the end of each stria (arrows). (13) Internal view of raphe-sternum valve. Scale bars: Figs 10, 12, 13 = 10 μm; Fig. 11 = 2 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720108/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="210">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
arrows).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7AE9AAFFD68373FF64457D847EAFCE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720110" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13720110" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720110/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="211" startId="10.[136,243,1796,1817]" targetBox="[158,1434,190,1767]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BBAB922FFD68373FF64457D847EAFCE" blockId="10.[136,1452,1796,2025]" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFD68373FF64457D8455AF3E" bold="true" box="[136,316,1796,1817]" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">FIGURES 1422.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C05C2A1FFD68373FEA8457D8493AF3E" authorityName="Hein 1991 Hein" authorityYear="1991" box="[324,506,1796,1817]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Anorthoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="10" pageNumber="211" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="dulcis">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFD68373FEA8457D8493AF3E" box="[324,506,1796,1817]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">Anorthoneis dulcis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens from
<bibRefCitation id="EF94C4D3FFD68373FD4F457D8675AF3E" author="Hein, M. K." box="[675,796,1796,1817]" pageId="10" pageNumber="211" pagination="267 - 280" refId="ref17935" refString="Hein, M. K. (1991) Anorthoneis dulcis sp. nov., a new freshwater diatom from Northern Florida, U. S. A. Diatom Research 6: 267 - 280. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0269249 X. 1991.9705172" type="journal article" year="1991">Hein (1991)</bibRefCitation>
. (14) Raphe-sternum valve LM micrograph of
<taxonomicName id="4C05C2A1FFD68373FB05457D8056AF3E" authorityName="Hein 1991 Hein" authorityYear="1991" box="[1257,1343,1796,1817]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Anorthoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="10" pageNumber="211" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="dulcis">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFD68373FB05457D8056AF3E" box="[1257,1343,1796,1817]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">A. dulcis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<bibRefCitation id="EF94C4D3FFD68373FA91457D85A3AF1C" author="Hein, M. K." pageId="10" pageNumber="211" pagination="267 - 280" refId="ref17935" refString="Hein, M. K. (1991) Anorthoneis dulcis sp. nov., a new freshwater diatom from Northern Florida, U. S. A. Diatom Research 6: 267 - 280. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0269249 X. 1991.9705172" type="journal article" year="1991">Hein (1991)</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 2 (holotype); (15) Raphe-sternum valve LM micrograph of
<taxonomicName id="4C05C2A1FFD68373FCB4455F86C6AF1C" authorityName="Hein 1991 Hein" authorityYear="1991" box="[856,943,1830,1851]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Anorthoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="10" pageNumber="211" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="dulcis">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFD68373FCB4455F86C6AF1C" box="[856,943,1830,1851]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">A. dulcis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<bibRefCitation id="EF94C4D3FFD68373FC1D455F8103AF1C" author="Hein, M. K." box="[1009,1130,1830,1851]" pageId="10" pageNumber="211" pagination="267 - 280" refId="ref17935" refString="Hein, M. K. (1991) Anorthoneis dulcis sp. nov., a new freshwater diatom from Northern Florida, U. S. A. Diatom Research 6: 267 - 280. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0269249 X. 1991.9705172" type="journal article" year="1991">Hein (1991)</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 3; (16) Sternum valve LM micrograph of
<taxonomicName id="4C05C2A1FFD68373FEF545308407AF79" authorityName="Hein 1991 Hein" authorityYear="1991" box="[281,366,1865,1886]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Anorthoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="10" pageNumber="211" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="dulcis">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFD68373FEF545308407AF79" box="[281,366,1865,1886]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">A. dulcis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<bibRefCitation id="EF94C4D3FFD68373FE404530877DAF79" author="Hein, M. K." box="[428,532,1865,1886]" pageId="10" pageNumber="211" pagination="267 - 280" refId="ref17935" refString="Hein, M. K. (1991) Anorthoneis dulcis sp. nov., a new freshwater diatom from Northern Florida, U. S. A. Diatom Research 6: 267 - 280. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0269249 X. 1991.9705172" type="journal article" year="1991">Hein 1991</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 3; (17) Sternum valve LM micrograph of
<taxonomicName id="4C05C2A1FFD68373FC0545308157AF79" authorityName="Hein 1991 Hein" authorityYear="1991" box="[1001,1086,1865,1886]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Anorthoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="10" pageNumber="211" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="dulcis">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFD68373FC0545308157AF79" box="[1001,1086,1865,1886]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">A. dulcis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<bibRefCitation id="EF94C4D3FFD68373FB904530819AAF79" author="Hein, M. K." box="[1148,1267,1865,1886]" pageId="10" pageNumber="211" pagination="267 - 280" refId="ref17935" refString="Hein, M. K. (1991) Anorthoneis dulcis sp. nov., a new freshwater diatom from Northern Florida, U. S. A. Diatom Research 6: 267 - 280. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0269249 X. 1991.9705172" type="journal article" year="1991">Hein (1991)</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 2 (holotype); (18, 19) LM micrographs of
<taxonomicName id="4C05C2A1FFD68373FE4F45158491AFA6" authorityName="Hein 1991 Hein" authorityYear="1991" box="[419,504,1900,1921]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Anorthoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="10" pageNumber="211" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="dulcis">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFD68373FE4F451584DBAFA6" box="[419,434,1900,1921]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9716530FFD68373FE5345158491AFA6" box="[447,504,1900,1921]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">dulcis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sternum and raphe-sternum valve from holotype (slide ANSP A-GC #55788, Diatom herbarium, Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences); (2022) LM micrographs of
<taxonomicName id="4C05C2A1FFD68373FCA845F786FEAF84" authorityName="Hein 1991 Hein" authorityYear="1991" box="[836,919,1934,1955]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cocconeidaceae" genus="Anorthoneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="10" pageNumber="211" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="dulcis">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFD68373FCA845F7863AAF84" box="[836,851,1934,1955]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9716530FFD68373FCB245F786FEAF84" box="[862,919,1934,1955]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="211">dulcis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sternum and raphe-sternum valves from holotype (slide ANSP A-GC #55788, Diatom herbarium, Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences). Scale bars: Figs 14, 1719 = 10 μm; Figs 15, 16, 2022 = 5 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBAB922FFD78372FF5142E78698A98C" blockId="11.[136,1452,158,427]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFD78372FF5142E7847FA89F" bold="true" box="[189,278,158,184]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">
<emphasis id="B9716530FFD78372FF5142E78593A89F" bold="true" box="[189,250,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">RSV:</emphasis>
</emphasis>
Externally, valve face flat to convex changing abruptly to concave in the mantle. Asymmetric raphe-sternum developed entirely within the valve face lacks a marked axial area. Proximal raphe endings expanded, pore-like, converge coaxially toward a broad central nodule (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFD78372FD1A429C8620A8D9" box="[758,841,229,254]" captionStart="FIGURES 1013" captionStartId="9.[136,243,1571,1592]" captionTargetBox="[176,1410,181,1542]" captionTargetId="figure-14@9.[170,1416,175,1546]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 1013. Anorthoneis excentrica from Sterrenburgs sample 1 (1988), collected from the beach near Bergen aan Zee, Holland (August, 1958), SEM images. (10) External view of sternum valve showing faint eccentric sternum (arrow) and small, roundish terminal areas (arrowhead); (11) Detail of striae with smaller imperforated areola on the valve margin at the end of each stria (arrows); (12) External view of raphe-sternum valve with smaller areola at the end of each stria (arrows). (13) Internal view of raphe-sternum valve. Scale bars: Figs 10, 12, 13 = 10 μm; Fig. 11 = 2 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720108/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
). Distal raphe endings similar in shape to the proximal ones, terminating in roundish terminal areas distant from the valve margin (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFD78372FC20437E8177A907" box="[972,1054,263,288]" captionStart="FIGURES 1013" captionStartId="9.[136,243,1571,1592]" captionTargetBox="[176,1410,181,1542]" captionTargetId="figure-14@9.[170,1416,175,1546]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 1013. Anorthoneis excentrica from Sterrenburgs sample 1 (1988), collected from the beach near Bergen aan Zee, Holland (August, 1958), SEM images. (10) External view of sternum valve showing faint eccentric sternum (arrow) and small, roundish terminal areas (arrowhead); (11) Detail of striae with smaller imperforated areola on the valve margin at the end of each stria (arrows); (12) External view of raphe-sternum valve with smaller areola at the end of each stria (arrows). (13) Internal view of raphe-sternum valve. Scale bars: Figs 10, 12, 13 = 10 μm; Fig. 11 = 2 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720108/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
). Radial striae uniseriate, becoming biseriate in the mantle,
<quantity id="4CFD14C7FFD78372FE7D4353849CA964" box="[401,501,298,323]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.921" metricValueMax="3.302" metricValueMin="2.54" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" unit="in" value="11.5" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="10.0">1013 in</quantity>
10 μm, composed of small circular areolae (
<quantity id="4CFD14C7FFD78372FC1C4353813CA964" box="[1008,1109,298,323]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.556" metricValueMax="4.064" metricValueMin="3.048" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" unit="in" value="14.0" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="12.0">1216 in</quantity>
10 μm) occluded by hymenes ultrastructurally similar to those in the SV. One smaller areola present at the end of each stria (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFD78372FB034334802DA941" box="[1263,1348,333,358]" captionStart="FIGURES 1013" captionStartId="9.[136,243,1571,1592]" captionTargetBox="[176,1410,181,1542]" captionTargetId="figure-14@9.[170,1416,175,1546]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 1013. Anorthoneis excentrica from Sterrenburgs sample 1 (1988), collected from the beach near Bergen aan Zee, Holland (August, 1958), SEM images. (10) External view of sternum valve showing faint eccentric sternum (arrow) and small, roundish terminal areas (arrowhead); (11) Detail of striae with smaller imperforated areola on the valve margin at the end of each stria (arrows); (12) External view of raphe-sternum valve with smaller areola at the end of each stria (arrows). (13) Internal view of raphe-sternum valve. Scale bars: Figs 10, 12, 13 = 10 μm; Fig. 11 = 2 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720108/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
arrows). Internally, both the raphe-sternum and the central nodule thickened and prominent. Distal raphe endings terminating in reduced helictoglossae hardly reaching the hyaline terminal areas (
<figureCitation id="133EA5A7FFD78372FC7C43EB868AA98C" box="[912,995,402,427]" captionStart="FIGURES 1013" captionStartId="9.[136,243,1571,1592]" captionTargetBox="[176,1410,181,1542]" captionTargetId="figure-14@9.[170,1416,175,1546]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 1013. Anorthoneis excentrica from Sterrenburgs sample 1 (1988), collected from the beach near Bergen aan Zee, Holland (August, 1958), SEM images. (10) External view of sternum valve showing faint eccentric sternum (arrow) and small, roundish terminal areas (arrowhead); (11) Detail of striae with smaller imperforated areola on the valve margin at the end of each stria (arrows); (12) External view of raphe-sternum valve with smaller areola at the end of each stria (arrows). (13) Internal view of raphe-sternum valve. Scale bars: Figs 10, 12, 13 = 10 μm; Fig. 11 = 2 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13720108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13720108/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>