diff --git a/data/03/A4/47/03A44734835A4A60FF71FC69C0B84002.xml b/data/03/A4/47/03A44734835A4A60FF71FC69C0B84002.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cbe6ab73a5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/A4/47/03A44734835A4A60FF71FC69C0B84002.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,346 @@
+
+
+
+Prodasineura sangkhla sp. nov., a new damselfly from western Thailand (Odonata: Platycnemididae)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Keetapithchayakul, Tosaphol Saetung
+The Center for Entomology & Parasitology Research, College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, 120 Hoang Minh Thao, Lien Chieu, Da Nang, Vietnam
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Makbun, Noppadon
+211 / 5 Moo 4, Takhli, Nakhon Sawan, 60140, Thailand
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ignatius, Kaewpawika Jitthamma
+Forest and Plant Conservation Research Office, Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Phan, Quoc Toan
+The Center for Entomology & Parasitology Research, College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, 120 Hoang Minh Thao, Lien Chieu, Da Nang, Vietnam
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+131
+140
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.5
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.5
+1175-5326
+14390102
+844F8BB4-B2FC-4BF6-BA33-3DD7A18CD988
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Prodasineura sangkhla
+
+sp. nov.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+(
+Figures 1–6
+)
+
+
+Specimens examined
+.
+
+
+Holotype
+.
+
+♂
+,
+Takhian Thong
+waterfall (
+
+15.303270
+N
+
+,
+
+98.452490
+E
+
+,
+
+205 m
+
+elevation),
+Sangkhla Buri District
+at the
+Thai-Myanmar
+border,
+Kanchanaburi Province
+,
+Thailand
+,
+
+4.VI.2024
+
+, Q.
+T
+.
+Phan
+leg.
+
+[
+TNHM
+]
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Paratypes
+
+.
+5 ♂♂
+,
+2 ♀♀
+, same data as holotype
+
+[
+ZCDTU
+]
+
+
+;
+
+4 ♂♂
+,
+1 ♀
+(in tandem), same data as holotype
+
+[
+NMC
+,
+ECNP
+]
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Etymology
+. The new species is named after the Sangkhla Buri District, where the new species was discovered. The specific epithet is a noun in apposition. The word of "Sangkhla" is a Burmese/Thai language, meaning diversity or combination, reflecting the area's rich ethnic people combination, which similarly corresponds to the diversity of
+
+Prodasineura
+species
+
+found this area.
+
+
+
+Descriptions of
+holotype
+
+.
+
+
+Head
+(
+Fig. 2A, 2C
+). Head and antennae shining black except the base of antennae, the space between eye margins and genae yellowish, and a transverse opaque white band at the level of vertex to eyes margins.
+
+
+Thorax
+(
+Figs. 1A
+,
+2C, 2E
+) black, mostly covered by white pruinescence with some black in the area surrounding thoracic spiracle and metepimeron.
+Legs
+(
+Fig. 2C
+) mostly black with yellowish marking at the base of femur, and white pruinescence on coxa, trochanter and femur.
+
+
+Wings
+(
+Fig. 1A
+) completely hyaline with black veins. Px
+15 in
+forewings and
+13 in
+hindwings, respectively. Anal bridge vein on both wings has short arch. Pterostigma black.
+
+
+Abdomen
+(
+Figs 1A
+,
+5A, 5C
+) mostly black except the following: yellow spots on lateral and lower margins of S1; tiny yellowish markings on ventro–lateral surfaces of S2–7; S8–9 entirely black; S10 entirely blue on dorsum and extending to upper half of lateral side.
+Anal appendages
+(
+Fig. 5A–F
+). Cerci hammer-like shaped and paraprocts broad at base, tapering abruptly to a rounded tip; cerci blue with the two robust ventral spines, with the inner spine curved inward, tiny-shaped in lateral view (
+Fig. 5B, 5D, 5F
+); paraprocts black with a tiny yellow spot at base (
+Fig. 5B
+).
+Genital ligula
+(
+Fig. 3
+) with a pair of lateral robust flagella with curved tips and two apical robust lobes.
+
+
+
+
+Measurements (in mm).
+Hindwing 19.8; abdomen (including anal appendages) 28.9.
+
+
+
+FIGURE 1.
+Habitus of
+
+Prodasineura sangkhla
+
+
+sp. nov.
+
+(A), holotype ♂ & (B), paratype ♀.
+
+
+
+Description of female
+.
+
+
+Head
+(
+Fig. 2B, 2D
+). Labrum yellowish with a black dot beneath upper margin and lower margin black; mandibles and genae yellowish; the yellow color extends from the eyes margin to the level of postclypeus; anteclypeus black, pale yellowish centrally; postclypeus black with two tiny yellow spots at corners of upper margin. Antennae black except for the second segment yellowish anteriorly. Front and rear of head black with a large transverse yellowish stripe at level of anterior ocellus.
+
+
+Thorax.
+Prothorax black but laterally yellowish, this color forming a large stripe on lateral pronotal lobe, extending to a half of the projections of posterior pronotal lobe. Posterior lobe with a pair of horns which blunt apically and curving upward, and two adjacent ear-like structures (
+Fig. 4
+). Synthorax black with three yellow stripes as in
+
+Fig. 2D,
+2F
+
+.
+Legs
+(
+Fig. 1B
+) black, except for coxae, trochanter and outer femur yellowish.
+
+
+Wings
+(
+Fig. 1B
+) hyaline, forewings slightly longer than hindwings, Px
+14 in
+both forewings and hindwings. Pterostigma black.
+
+
+Abdomen
+(
+Figs 1B
+,
+5G–H
+) black with the following yellowish pattern: S1 with a large spot on the lateral sides; S2–9 with narrow yellowish stripes along lower margins; S3–6 brown–yellowish with an oval yellowish spot on the anterior margin of each segment; dorsal S8–10 with longitudinal yellow stripe centro-dorsally. Cerci (
+Fig. 5G–H
+) yellowish except for lower margin black. Ovipositor black with distal end dark yellowish.
+
+
+Measurements
+(in mm). Hindwing 18.3; abdomen (including anal appendages) 28.3.
+
+
+
+FIGURE 2.
+Structures of holotype ♂ [A, C, E] and paratype ♀ [B, D, F] of
+
+Prodasineura sangkhla
+
+
+sp. nov.
+
+(A, B), head in frontal view; (C, D), head and thorax in lateral view; (E, F), synthorax in dorsal view.
+
+
+
+
+Variation in males and females
+paratypes
+
+. Other male and female
+paratypes
+from the type locality provided no significant differential features from the
+holotype
+male and the above-described female, except their measurements: In male
+paratypes
+: hindwing ranges from
+18.4 mm
+to
+19.4 mm
+and abdomen including anal appendages is
+28.9 mm
+to
+31.2 mm
+; with Px is
+14–15 in
+forewing and
+13–14 in
+hindwing. In female
+paratypes
+, hindwing is
+19.3–20.1 mm
+and abdomen including anal appendages is 28.0–
+28.3 mm
+. Forewing and hindwing of
+paratype
+females with Px 13–14 and 12–13, respectively.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/03/A5/26/03A5266BFFAB00035FF5FDB2650DF24D.xml b/data/03/A5/26/03A5266BFFAB00035FF5FDB2650DF24D.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..01dc3738a95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/A5/26/03A5266BFFAB00035FF5FDB2650DF24D.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
+
+
+
+Recovery and redescription of holotype of Calotes elliotti [sic] amarambalamensis Murthy, 1979 confirms its synonymy with Monilesaurus ellioti (Günther, 1864) (Squamata: Agamidae)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ganesh, S. R.
+Kalinga Foundation, Guddekeri, Agumbe, Shivamogga district - 577 411, Karnataka, India;
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+197
+200
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.10
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.10
+1175-5326
+14389788
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Monilesaurus ellioti
+(
+Günther, 1864
+)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+(
+Fig. 1
+)
+
+
+
+Calotes elliotti amarambalamensis
+Murthy
+
+, “1978” 1979
+
+
+
+Calotes ellioti amarambalamensis
+—
+
+
+Das
+et al.
+1998
+
+
+
+
+
+Material Examined.
+Holotype
+ZSI/SRS/VRL-159; coll.
+T
+.S.N. Murthy;
+23/11/1979
+. Note: The
+holotype
+was collected in 1979 (Murthy, 1979: 79; also see jar label in
+Fig. 1a
+), indicating that the stated year of publication of this work cannot be 1978, as often cited (see
+
+Das
+et al
+. 1998
+
+;
+Manthey 2008
+;
+
+Pal
+et al
+. 2018
+
+), but should also be 1979, if not later.
+
+
+Type locality.
+
+Meenmutty (ca.
+11.338°N
+,
+76.514°E
+;
+
+1236 m
+asl
+
+),
+New Amarambalam Reserved Forest
+,
+Malappuram District
+,
+Kerala
+,
+India
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Redescription of
+Holotype
+(
+Fig. 1
+).
+
+an adult female, moderately preserved; tail broken, severed portion present alongside in the same jar; habitus fairly slender, tapering; head large, both supraocular ridges shriveled, likely due to preservation artifact; body shriveled in some parts laterally and damaged in some parts ventrally; lateral parts of trunk wrinkled in places; supralabials 10/10; infralabials 10/10; canthus rostralis sharp, distinct; mid-body scale rows
+59 in
+area of intact skin; dorsal and lateral trunk scales lance-shaped, sharp-ended, weakly imbricate; ventral trunk scales very wrinkled; appear to be same sized scales as those on lateral parts of trunk, in places visible; supraciliary spines 2/2; supratympanic spines 1/1; nasal separated from supralabials by 1–2 rows of intervening scales; ante-humeral fold in front of shoulder and across neck with distinctly smaller scales than on surrounding parts of body, both laterally and ventrally; vertebral crest formed by row of scales demarcated by small spiny scales near neck and forebody, only faintly indicated on mid- to posterior parts of trunk; 4
+th
+toe subdigital scales 26/26; relative digit lengths, fingers: 4>3>2>5>1; toes: 4>3>5>2>1; head length 20.0 mm; head width
+10.2 mm
+; head depth
+9.6 mm
+; eye diameter
+6.1 mm
+; inter-orbital distance
+7.7 mm
+; inter-narial distance 3.0 mm; eye-snout tip distance
+8.6 mm
+; eye-lip distance
+1.9 mm
+; axilla-groin distance
+35.1 mm
+; upper arm length
+10.1 mm
+; lower arm length
+8.6 mm
+; thigh length
+17.1 mm
+; shank length
+15.2 mm
+; snout-vent length
+55.8 mm
+; tail length 110.0 mm; after 45 years in spirit: overall colour drab greyish brown; eyelids, supraocular bulges, jaw angle, temple and labials markedly paler, of a rosy tint; elbow and knee joints markedly paler; digits a lighter shade, with a rusty brownish tint; neck darkened to blackish brown, bordered by series of loose wrinkled folds of skin; limb insertions mildly darkened and wrinkled.
+
+
+Murthy (1979) distinguished his new subspecies on the basis of its “strikingly different” colour pattern described as “black above with large whitish blotches to form four transverse bars, three on the back and one on the tail, limbs with white bars, the angular black mark on each side of the neck present but less distinct, the suborbital spot has been depressed, throat suffused with white” (Murthy 1979: 79). The reported scale counts (upper and lower labials 10, 10; scale rows around body 59 [Murthy 1979]) of
+
+C. ellioti amarambalamensis
+
+are within the range of
+Günther’s (1864)
+original description, indicating minor variations seen in colouration alone. Murthy (1979) provided no measurements or any other scale counts for the type.
+Murthy (1981)
+recorded nine more examples of
+
+C. ellioti
+
+from the same Meenmutty area in both 1981 and 1983 but did not record any as
+
+C. ellioti amarambalamensis
+
+. Our examination and redescription of the
+holotype
+, and particularly the reaffirmation of the high number of dorsal scale rows, confirms that the subspecies is a junior subjective synonym of
+
+M. ellioti
+(
+Günther, 1864
+)
+
+and that its
+holotype
+likely represents a rare aberrant pattern variant. We have also observed
+
+M. ellioti
+
+specimens bearing the colour pattern reported by Murthy (1979) (our
+
+Fig.
+1g
+
+), which were one-off individuals among the many ‘normal’ morphotypes.
+
+
+
+FIGURE 1.
+ZSI/SRS/VRL-159 holotype of
+
+Calotes ellioti amarambalamensis
+
+: (a) entire view with jar label; (b) trunk lateral view; (c) head dorsal view; (d) head ventral view; (e) head left lateral view, (f) head right lateral view; Photos: S.R. Ganesh; scale bar = 10 mm (g) scan of holotype depiction in Murthy (“1978” 1979) from
+Indian Journal of Zootomy
+19(2), pp. 80.
+
+
+
+Murthy (1981)
+stated that
+one specimen
+collected from near Punchakolly (ca.
+11.384ºN
+,
+76.380ºE
+;
+200 m
+asl), which is 10 airline km from Meenmutty, had two white spots, one below the eye and another below the tympanum, but did not consider this variation sufficient for a subspecies description. It is unclear why he considered this pattern variation of lower significance than that exhibited by the
+holotype
+of
+
+C. ellioti amarambalamensis
+
+, since both were noted in just one lizard each, found in broad sympatry, but perhaps the trunk pattern variation was construed as more taxonomically significant than that limited to the head.
+
+
+The
+holotype
+of
+
+C. ellioti amarambalamensis
+
+has 59 dorsal scale rows and was found at
+1236 m
+asl, values minimally expanding the morphological and geographical characterisations, respectively, of
+
+M. ellioti
+
+by
+
+Pal
+et al
+. (2018)
+
+who reported a range of 52–58 scale rows and an upper elevation limit of
+1000 m
+asl. However, our scale count is within the upper range limit of 60 (
+Smith 1935
+) or 61 rows (
+Boulenger 1885
+,
+1890
+) reported by earlier authors and our examination of the
+holotype
+confirms earlier, but unsubstantiated assumptions, regarding its allocation to
+
+M. ellioti
+
+rather than
+
+M. montanus
+
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/03/E5/28/03E5282DE542FF92FF38F94F3A4FFE77.xml b/data/03/E5/28/03E5282DE542FF92FF38F94F3A4FFE77.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1374f02be8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/E5/28/03E5282DE542FF92FF38F94F3A4FFE77.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+
+
+
+The genus Alurnus Fabricius, 1775 (Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Alurnini) in Colombia with four new species records and an updated checklist in the country
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Rendón-Ramírez, Alejandra
+Universidad Nacional de Colombia
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Vergara-Navarro, Erika Valentina
+Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, Agrosavia. Colección Taxonómica Nacional de Insectos “ Luis María Murillo ” CTNI, C. I. Tibaitatá, Mosquera (Colombia)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Quiroz-Gamboa, John Alveiro
+Museo Entomológico Francisco Luis Gallego. Universidad Nacional de Colombia
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+116
+130
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.4
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.4
+1175-5326
+14390033
+8F4FA9A5-750D-4EE5-9FB4-A978401CF35C
+
+
+
+
+
+
+*
+
+Alurnus orbignyi
+Guérin-Méneville, 1840
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+(
+Fig. 12
+)
+
+
+
+Alurnus iheringi
+Weise, 1910
+
+
+
+
+Alurnus iheringi
+
+var. A Weise, 1910
+
+
+
+Alurnus orbignyi balyi
+Jacobson, 1899
+
+
+
+
+Alurnus saundersii
+Baly, 1858
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis.
+Antennal scape subglobose, longer than pedicel. Vertex of head densely punctate; irregularly sculptured and rugose; with medial sulcus. Front and clypeus punctate; clypeus with a pale seta in each puncture. Elytra pale yellow; each elytron with a small black central spot, with black border along apical margin (
+Staines 2013
+).
+
+
+
+
+Material examined.
+COLOMBIA
+:
+
+Meta
+,
+
+La Macarena, Vereda Monserrate, Parque Nacional Natural Sierra de
+
+
+La Macarena,
+4.ii.1989
+. Coll. Fernando Fernández, (
+1ex.
+) [IAvH-E].
+Measurements:
+35mm
+Plant associations.
+None found.Literature review suggests association with the subfamily
+Aroideae
+(
+Arecaceae
+)
+
+
+(
+Staines, 2013
+).
+Distribution.
+
+Alurnus orbignyi
+
+is a new record from
+Colombia
+. Previously recorded from
+Venezuela
+,
+Ecuador
+,
+
+
+Peru
+,
+Bolivia
+, and
+Brazil
+(
+Staines 2015
+).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/03/E5/28/03E5282DE542FF93FF38FCB13CD6FB4D.xml b/data/03/E5/28/03E5282DE542FF93FF38FCB13CD6FB4D.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a515fe9fac7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/E5/28/03E5282DE542FF93FF38FCB13CD6FB4D.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+
+
+
+The genus Alurnus Fabricius, 1775 (Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Alurnini) in Colombia with four new species records and an updated checklist in the country
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Rendón-Ramírez, Alejandra
+Universidad Nacional de Colombia
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Vergara-Navarro, Erika Valentina
+Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, Agrosavia. Colección Taxonómica Nacional de Insectos “ Luis María Murillo ” CTNI, C. I. Tibaitatá, Mosquera (Colombia)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Quiroz-Gamboa, John Alveiro
+Museo Entomológico Francisco Luis Gallego. Universidad Nacional de Colombia
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+116
+130
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.4
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.4
+1175-5326
+14390033
+8F4FA9A5-750D-4EE5-9FB4-A978401CF35C
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Alurnus lansbergei
+Sallé, 1849
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+(
+Fig. 11
+)
+
+
+
+Alurnus lansbergei junctus
+Pic, 1934
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis.
+Antennal scape subglobose; pedicel transverse. Vertex of head rugose. Pronotum punctate with a strong basal impression medially, disc glabrous; laterally with scattered setae. Elytra yellow; with black suture, black oblique line from humeral calli to middle region; with black spot on middle region. Trochanter, femur and tibia punctate, each puncture with a white seta (
+Staines 2013
+).
+
+
+
+
+Distribution.
+Colombia
+(without specific locality),
+Brazil
+,
+Venezuela
+(
+Staines 2011
+,
+2013
+).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/03/E5/28/03E5282DE543FF92FF38FAB83D58F898.xml b/data/03/E5/28/03E5282DE543FF92FF38FAB83D58F898.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d42c87e66d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/E5/28/03E5282DE543FF92FF38FAB83D58F898.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+
+
+
+The genus Alurnus Fabricius, 1775 (Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Alurnini) in Colombia with four new species records and an updated checklist in the country
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Rendón-Ramírez, Alejandra
+Universidad Nacional de Colombia
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Vergara-Navarro, Erika Valentina
+Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, Agrosavia. Colección Taxonómica Nacional de Insectos “ Luis María Murillo ” CTNI, C. I. Tibaitatá, Mosquera (Colombia)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Quiroz-Gamboa, John Alveiro
+Museo Entomológico Francisco Luis Gallego. Universidad Nacional de Colombia
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+116
+130
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.4
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.4
+1175-5326
+14390033
+8F4FA9A5-750D-4EE5-9FB4-A978401CF35C
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Alurnus undatus
+Brême, 1844
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+(
+Fig. 15
+)
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis.
+Antennal scape subglobose, longer than pedicel; pedicel transverse. Vertex of head punctate; with medial sulcus; ocular sulcus present; front glabrous; clypeus punctate; with a pale seta in each puncture. Pronotum with lateral margin sinuate on anterior half and rounded and convergent on posterior half. Elytra yellow with three transversal bands, a transversal band on anterior third, an irregular second transversal band on the middle, and a third band on the posterior quarter (
+Staines 2013
+).
+
+
+
+
+Material examined.
+
+COLOMBIA
+:
+
+Antioquia
+
+,
+Santo Domingo
+,
+Porce
+,
+
+v.1989
+
+. Coll.
+R
+.
+Vélez
+, (
+1ex.
+) [MEFLG-6257].
+Amalfi
+,
+Porce
+, jama, forest, i.
+
+viii. 1997
+
+.
+Coll. J.G. Hurtado
+, (
+1ex.
+) [MEFLG-6257].
+Amalfi
+,
+Porce
+,
+
+2.ii.1998
+
+,
+Coll. O.E. Ortega
+, (
+1ex.
+) [MEFLG-6257].
+Río Samaná
+,
+
+iii.1959
+
+.
+Coll. F.L. Gallego
+, (
+1ex.
+) [MEFLG-6257]
+
+.
+
+
+Chocó
+,
+
+Riosucio
+,
+
+La Balsa
+
+,
+
+50–80m
+
+, 1994.
+Coll. Fernando Fernández
+, (
+1ex.
+) [IAvH]
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Measurements: n= 7.
+17.5mm
+±
+0.57mm
+
+
+Plant associations.
+None found.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution.
+Panama
+,
+Colombia
+(
+Antioquia
+;
+Caquetá
+; Chocó:
+Cundinamarca
+;
+Tolima
+) (
+Staines 2013
+).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/03/E5/28/03E5282DE543FF92FF38FC8D3D30FAFC.xml b/data/03/E5/28/03E5282DE543FF92FF38FC8D3D30FAFC.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ac43504b6a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/E5/28/03E5282DE543FF92FF38FC8D3D30FAFC.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+
+
+
+The genus Alurnus Fabricius, 1775 (Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Alurnini) in Colombia with four new species records and an updated checklist in the country
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Rendón-Ramírez, Alejandra
+Universidad Nacional de Colombia
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Vergara-Navarro, Erika Valentina
+Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, Agrosavia. Colección Taxonómica Nacional de Insectos “ Luis María Murillo ” CTNI, C. I. Tibaitatá, Mosquera (Colombia)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Quiroz-Gamboa, John Alveiro
+Museo Entomológico Francisco Luis Gallego. Universidad Nacional de Colombia
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+116
+130
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.4
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.4
+1175-5326
+14390033
+8F4FA9A5-750D-4EE5-9FB4-A978401CF35C
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Alurnus salvini
+Baly 1885
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+(
+Fig. 14
+)
+
+
+
+Alurnus salvini fallax
+Jacobson, 1899
+
+
+
+
+Alurnus salvini panamensis
+Pic, 1922
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis.
+Antennal scape
+s
+ubglobose, twice as long as pedicel. Vertex and front of head rugose or punctate; with medial sulcus and two lateral sulci; ocular sulcus present. Elytron yellow with black spots on apical quarter, humeral calli, the first third of the elytra and a transverse middle line.
+
+
+Plant associations:
+
+Chamaedorea
+sp.
+
+(
+Arecaceae
+) and
+
+Bactris gasipaes
+Kunth
+
+(
+Arecaceae
+)—peach palm (
+Staines 2013
+).
+
+
+
+
+Distribution:
+Colombia
+(without specific locality),
+Costa Rica
+,
+Panama
+,
+Venezuela
+(
+Staines 2013
+).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/03/E5/28/03E5282DE543FF92FF38FE313D30FCEB.xml b/data/03/E5/28/03E5282DE543FF92FF38FE313D30FCEB.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..82f0bc548e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/E5/28/03E5282DE543FF92FF38FE313D30FCEB.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+
+
+
+The genus Alurnus Fabricius, 1775 (Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Alurnini) in Colombia with four new species records and an updated checklist in the country
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Rendón-Ramírez, Alejandra
+Universidad Nacional de Colombia
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Vergara-Navarro, Erika Valentina
+Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, Agrosavia. Colección Taxonómica Nacional de Insectos “ Luis María Murillo ” CTNI, C. I. Tibaitatá, Mosquera (Colombia)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Quiroz-Gamboa, John Alveiro
+Museo Entomológico Francisco Luis Gallego. Universidad Nacional de Colombia
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+116
+130
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.4
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.4
+1175-5326
+14390033
+8F4FA9A5-750D-4EE5-9FB4-A978401CF35C
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Alurnus ornatus
+Baly, 1869
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+(
+Fig. 13
+)
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis.
+Scape
+s
+ubglobose, larger than pedicel. Vertex punctate; surface between eyes, in dorsal view, with punctate and depressed; with medial sulcus and four lateral sulci. Front and clypeus punctate, each puncture with a pale seta. Elytra yellow, with black spots on posterior quarter, humeral calli. The anterior third of the elytra and a transverse middle line are black (
+Staines 2013
+).
+
+
+Plant associations.
+
+Chamaedorea
+sp.
+
+(
+Arecaceae
+) (
+Staines 2011
+).
+
+
+
+
+Distribution:
+Colombia
+(without specific locality),
+Nicaragua
+,
+Costa Rica
+,
+Panama
+(
+Staines 2013
+).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/03/E5/28/03E5282DE549FF98FF38FCD6395EF9B2.xml b/data/03/E5/28/03E5282DE549FF98FF38FCD6395EF9B2.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4c10f883520
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/E5/28/03E5282DE549FF98FF38FCD6395EF9B2.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,347 @@
+
+
+
+The genus Alurnus Fabricius, 1775 (Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Alurnini) in Colombia with four new species records and an updated checklist in the country
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Rendón-Ramírez, Alejandra
+Universidad Nacional de Colombia
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Vergara-Navarro, Erika Valentina
+Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, Agrosavia. Colección Taxonómica Nacional de Insectos “ Luis María Murillo ” CTNI, C. I. Tibaitatá, Mosquera (Colombia)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Quiroz-Gamboa, John Alveiro
+Museo Entomológico Francisco Luis Gallego. Universidad Nacional de Colombia
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+116
+130
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.4
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.4
+1175-5326
+14390033
+8F4FA9A5-750D-4EE5-9FB4-A978401CF35C
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Alurnus bicolor
+Staines, 2013
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+(
+Fig. 2
+)
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis.
+Antennal scape subglobose, slightly longer than pedicel. Vertex of head striate-punctate, with medial carina. Clypeus punctate and setose. Scutellum black with reddish border. Elytral surface punctate-striate; anterior middle reddish; posterior middle yellowish; with some black spots along the elytra (
+Staines 2013
+).
+
+
+
+
+Material examined.
+
+COLOMBIA
+:
+
+Antioquia
+
+,
+Frontino
+,
+Corregimiento Murrí
+,
+
+1317m
+
+, forest,
+
+iv.1982
+
+.
+Coll. E. Acevedo
+, [MEFLG-6278].
+Urabá
+,
+
+x.1974
+
+.
+Coll. J.G.S
+, (
+1ex.
+) [MEFLG-6278]
+
+.
+
+
+Chocó
+,
+
+San José del Palmar
+,
+
+700m
+
+, leaf litter,
+
+23.iii.2005
+
+.
+Coll. Cristobal Ríos
+, (
+1ex.
+) [IAvH-E].
+San José del Palmar
+,
+Los Guaduales
+,
+
+700m
+
+,
+
+iii.1980
+
+. Coll.
+R
+. Jaramillo, (
+4exs.
+) [ICN-E-190, 1807, 3139, 3140]. Quibdó, Corregimiento Tutunendó, Punto cara de perro, hacienda Buenos Aires-Tella,
+
+347m
+
+,
+UV
+trap, Bp-T bosque entresacado,
+
+16–26.i.2019
+
+.
+Coll. J.C Neita
+, (
+1ex.
+) [IAvH-E]
+
+.
+
+
+Valle del Cauca
+
+,
+Buenaventura
+, peach palm leaves,
+
+x.1991
+
+. Coll.
+R
+.
+Millán
+, (
+2exs.
+) [
+CTNI 1561
+].
+Buenaventura
+,
+Corregimiento Bajo Calima
+,
+
+xi.1962
+
+.
+Coll. F.L Gallego
+, (
+1ex.
+) [MEFLG-6278].
+Buenaventura
+,
+Calima
+, forest,
+
+1486m
+
+,
+
+xi.1960
+
+.
+Coll.
+R
+.
+Vélez
+, (
+1ex.
+) [MEFLG-6278].
+Río Anchicayá
+,
+
+8.vii.1982
+
+.
+Coll.
+R
+.
+Danubio
+, (
+1ex.
+) [MEFLG-6281].
+Buenaventura
+,
+
+40m
+
+,
+
+2.vi.1994
+
+.
+Coll. N. Carrejo
+, (
+1ex.
+) [MUSENUV-6393].
+Buenaventura
+,
+
+300m
+
+,
+
+17.iii.1994
+
+.
+Coll. C.S.
+(
+1ex.
+) [MUSENUV-6391].
+Buenaventura
+,
+Bajo Anchicayá
+,
+
+270m
+
+,
+
+30.viii.1991
+
+.
+Coll.
+MCG
+. (
+1ex.
+) [MUSENUV-6388].
+Cali
+,
+
+1000m
+
+,
+
+5.viii.1993
+
+.
+Coll. C.S.
+(
+1ex.
+) [MUSENUV-6386]
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Measurements: n= 16.
+38.75mm
+±
+1.13mm
+
+
+Plant associations
+.
+
+Bactris gasipaes
+Kunth
+
+(
+Arecaceae
+)—peach palm. Literature review suggests association with
+
+Chamaedorea
+sp.
+
+(
+Arecaceae
+) (
+Staines 2013
+).
+
+
+
+
+Distribution.
+Panamá
+;
+Colombia
+: (
+Quindío
+) (
+Staines 2013
+). New records in
+Colombia
+:
+Antioquia
+, Chocó,
+Valle del Cauca
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/03/E5/28/03E5282DE549FF98FF38FF343996FD13.xml b/data/03/E5/28/03E5282DE549FF98FF38FF343996FD13.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bb0b921eac6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/E5/28/03E5282DE549FF98FF38FF343996FD13.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+
+
+
+The genus Alurnus Fabricius, 1775 (Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Alurnini) in Colombia with four new species records and an updated checklist in the country
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Rendón-Ramírez, Alejandra
+Universidad Nacional de Colombia
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Vergara-Navarro, Erika Valentina
+Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, Agrosavia. Colección Taxonómica Nacional de Insectos “ Luis María Murillo ” CTNI, C. I. Tibaitatá, Mosquera (Colombia)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Quiroz-Gamboa, John Alveiro
+Museo Entomológico Francisco Luis Gallego. Universidad Nacional de Colombia
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+116
+130
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.4
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.4
+1175-5326
+14390033
+8F4FA9A5-750D-4EE5-9FB4-A978401CF35C
+
+
+
+
+
+
+*
+
+Alurnus batesii
+Baly, 1864
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+(
+Fig. 1
+)
+
+
+
+Alurnus batesii triangularis
+Jacobson, 1899
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis.
+Antennal scape transverse, longer than pedicel. Vertex of head punctate, without sulcus. Front and clypeus punctate. Pronotum, with anterior angle projected in an obtuse tooth. Elytra yellow with a black spot under scutellum and one spot on each elytron on the middle region, in some cases with a black spot on humeral calli (
+Staines 2013
+).
+
+
+
+
+Material examined.
+
+COLOMBIA
+.
+
+Caquetá
+,
+
+San José del Fragua
+,
+Vereda La Esmeralda
+,
+Alto del Río Yurayaco
+,
+
+1250m
+
+, hand collecting, primary forest,
+
+13.ix.2000
+
+.
+Coll. E. González
+, (
+1ex.
+) [IAvH-E]
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Measurements:
+25mm
+
+
+Plant associations
+. None found.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution.
+
+Alurnus batesii
+
+is a new record for
+Colombia
+. Previously recorded for
+Brazil
+,
+Peru
+and
+Ecuador
+(
+Staines 2013
+,
+2015
+).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/03/E5/28/03E5282DE549FF9FFF38F9763997FEBF.xml b/data/03/E5/28/03E5282DE549FF9FFF38F9763997FEBF.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6a0d4195187
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/E5/28/03E5282DE549FF9FFF38F9763997FEBF.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+
+
+
+The genus Alurnus Fabricius, 1775 (Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Alurnini) in Colombia with four new species records and an updated checklist in the country
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Rendón-Ramírez, Alejandra
+Universidad Nacional de Colombia
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Vergara-Navarro, Erika Valentina
+Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, Agrosavia. Colección Taxonómica Nacional de Insectos “ Luis María Murillo ” CTNI, C. I. Tibaitatá, Mosquera (Colombia)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Quiroz-Gamboa, John Alveiro
+Museo Entomológico Francisco Luis Gallego. Universidad Nacional de Colombia
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+116
+130
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.4
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.4
+1175-5326
+14390033
+8F4FA9A5-750D-4EE5-9FB4-A978401CF35C
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Alurnus bipunctatus
+Olivier, 1792
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+(
+Fig. 3
+)
+
+
+
+Hispa bipunctata
+Olivier, 1792
+
+
+
+
+Alurnus apicalis
+Guérin-Méneville, 1840
+
+
+
+
+Alurnus bipunctatus deficiens
+Jacobson, 1899
+
+
+
+
+Alurnus bipunctatus apicalis
+Guérin-Méneville & Baly, 1858
+
+
+
+
+Alurnus bipunctatus olivieri
+Jacobson, 1899
+
+
+
+
+Alurnus apicalis guerini
+Jacobson, 1899
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis.
+Antennal scape subglobose, thicker than pedicel; both subequal in length. Vertex and front of head punctate. Clypeus punctate and with some pale setae. Elytra yellow; apical margin black; with a black spot in the middle region (
+Staines 2013
+).
+
+
+
+
+Distribution.
+Colombia
+(Amazonas),
+Brazil
+; French Guiana;
+Peru
+,
+Suriname
+;
+Venezuela
+;
+Guyana
+;
+Bolivia
+(
+Staines 2011
+,
+2013
+).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/03/E5/28/03E5282DE54CFF9DFF38FA063D8AF829.xml b/data/03/E5/28/03E5282DE54CFF9DFF38FA063D8AF829.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9cbd1378085
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/E5/28/03E5282DE54CFF9DFF38FA063D8AF829.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+
+
+
+The genus Alurnus Fabricius, 1775 (Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Alurnini) in Colombia with four new species records and an updated checklist in the country
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Rendón-Ramírez, Alejandra
+Universidad Nacional de Colombia
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Vergara-Navarro, Erika Valentina
+Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, Agrosavia. Colección Taxonómica Nacional de Insectos “ Luis María Murillo ” CTNI, C. I. Tibaitatá, Mosquera (Colombia)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Quiroz-Gamboa, John Alveiro
+Museo Entomológico Francisco Luis Gallego. Universidad Nacional de Colombia
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+116
+130
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.4
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.4
+1175-5326
+14390033
+8F4FA9A5-750D-4EE5-9FB4-A978401CF35C
+
+
+
+
+
+
+*
+
+Alurnus horni
+Uhmann, 1935
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+(
+Fig. 9
+)
+
+
+
+Alurnus tricolor
+Uhmann, 1927
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis.
+Antennal scape subglobose, longer than pedicel. Vertex of head punctate, small tubercles between eyes; front sparsely punctate. Clypeus punctate. Each elytron with four or five costae, ochre-yellow, interspaces between the costae punctate; body length
+24–30 mm
+(
+Staines, 2013
+).
+
+
+
+
+Material examined
+.
+
+COLOMBIA
+:
+
+Chocó
+
+,
+Río Valle
+,
+Bromeliaceae
+,
+
+viii. 1994
+
+.
+Coll. Omar Zapata
+, (
+1ex.
+) [MEFLG-6277]
+
+.
+
+
+Nariño
+
+,
+Ricaurte
+,
+Reserva Natural La Planada
+,
+
+1181m
+
+, forest,
+
+4. vii. 1994
+
+.
+Coll. F.J. Serna
+, (
+1ex.
+) [MEFLG-7163]
+
+.
+
+
+Valle del Cauca
+
+,
+Río Calima
+, quebrada
+el Pital
+,
+
+10.i.1981
+
+.
+Coll. D. Torres
+, (
+1ex.
+) [
+MHN-UPN
+]
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Measurements: n=
+3.
+
+35mm ±
+1mm
+
+
+Plant associations
+. Label indicates “
+Bromeliaceae
+.”
+
+
+
+
+Distribution.
+
+Alurnus horni
+
+is a new record for
+Colombia
+. Previously recorded from
+Ecuador
+(
+Staines, 2015
+).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/03/E5/28/03E5282DE54CFF9DFF38FD003A59FA62.xml b/data/03/E5/28/03E5282DE54CFF9DFF38FD003A59FA62.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..01d57444180
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/E5/28/03E5282DE54CFF9DFF38FD003A59FA62.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+
+
+
+The genus Alurnus Fabricius, 1775 (Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Alurnini) in Colombia with four new species records and an updated checklist in the country
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Rendón-Ramírez, Alejandra
+Universidad Nacional de Colombia
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Vergara-Navarro, Erika Valentina
+Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, Agrosavia. Colección Taxonómica Nacional de Insectos “ Luis María Murillo ” CTNI, C. I. Tibaitatá, Mosquera (Colombia)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Quiroz-Gamboa, John Alveiro
+Museo Entomológico Francisco Luis Gallego. Universidad Nacional de Colombia
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+116
+130
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.4
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.4
+1175-5326
+14390033
+8F4FA9A5-750D-4EE5-9FB4-A978401CF35C
+
+
+
+
+
+
+*
+
+Alurnus grossus
+Fabricius, 1775
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+(
+Fig. 8
+)
+
+
+
+Hispa grossus
+Berge, 1844
+
+
+
+
+Crioceris indica
+Voet, 1806
+
+
+
+
+Alurnus tricolor
+Olivier, 1789
+
+
+
+
+Alurnus grossus nigricans
+Jacobson, 1899
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis.
+Antennal scape subglobose, equal in length than pedicel. Vertex of head finely punctate; without medial sulcus or carina; front and clypeus punctate. Pronotum with posterior angle with strong tooth. Elytra yellow, glabrous, with black spots on humeral calli. Tibia constricted near apex; with a line of setae on inner apical margin (
+Staines 2013
+).
+
+
+
+
+Material examined
+.
+
+COLOMBIA
+:
+
+Valle del Cauca
+,
+
+Calima, forest,
+
+xii. 1960
+
+. Coll.
+R
+
+.
+
+Vélez
+, (
+1ex.
+) [MEFLG-6276],
+Río Calima
+, quebrada
+el Pital
+,
+
+12.xi.1980
+
+.
+Coll.
+R
+
+.
+
+Torres
+, (
+2 exs.
+) [
+MHN-UPN
+]
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Measurements: n= 3.
+28.33mm
+±1,52mm
+
+
+Plant associations
+. None found.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution.
+
+Alurnus grossus
+
+is a new record for
+Colombia
+. Previously recorded for
+Brazil
+,
+Ecuador
+, French
+Guyana
+,
+Peru
+,
+Suriname
+(
+Staines 2015
+).
+
+
+
+
+Comments.
+In the species key and redescription, it is mentioned that the pronotum is red; however, we record
+two specimens
+with a black pronotum.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/03/E5/28/03E5282DE54CFF9DFF38FF7C3C4FFD64.xml b/data/03/E5/28/03E5282DE54CFF9DFF38FF7C3C4FFD64.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f42bbf353a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/E5/28/03E5282DE54CFF9DFF38FF7C3C4FFD64.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+
+
+
+The genus Alurnus Fabricius, 1775 (Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Alurnini) in Colombia with four new species records and an updated checklist in the country
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Rendón-Ramírez, Alejandra
+Universidad Nacional de Colombia
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Vergara-Navarro, Erika Valentina
+Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, Agrosavia. Colección Taxonómica Nacional de Insectos “ Luis María Murillo ” CTNI, C. I. Tibaitatá, Mosquera (Colombia)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Quiroz-Gamboa, John Alveiro
+Museo Entomológico Francisco Luis Gallego. Universidad Nacional de Colombia
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+116
+130
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.4
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.4
+1175-5326
+14390033
+8F4FA9A5-750D-4EE5-9FB4-A978401CF35C
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Alurnus costalis
+Rosenberg, 1898
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+(
+Fig. 7
+)
+
+
+
+Alurnus costalis bipartita
+Pic, 1926
+
+
+
+
+Alurnus costalis dallieri
+Pic, 1926
+
+
+
+
+Alurnus costalis niger
+Pic, 1926
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis.
+Antennal scape elongate and expanding. Vertex of head punctate with setae and medial sulcus. Front and clypeus punctate; each elytron with six costae; ochre-yellow on anterior half and reddish on posterior half (
+Staines 2013
+).
+
+
+
+
+Material examined.
+
+COLOMBIA
+:
+
+Nariño
+
+,
+Barbacoas
+,
+Altaquer
+,
+
+Reserva Natural
+Río Ñambí
+
+,
+
+1440m
+
+,
+
+x.2009
+
+.
+Coll. E. Flórez
+& est.
+Tax. Anim.
+(
+1ex.
+) [
+ICN-E
+]
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Measurements:
+36mm
+
+
+Plant associations
+. None found.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution.
+Colombia
+(
+Nariño
+;
+Valle del Cauca
+),
+Ecuador
+(
+Staines 2013
+,
+2015
+).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/03/E5/28/03E5282DE54DFF93FF38FF7C3A43FCF6.xml b/data/03/E5/28/03E5282DE54DFF93FF38FF7C3A43FCF6.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5b64375e039
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/E5/28/03E5282DE54DFF93FF38FF7C3A43FCF6.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,292 @@
+
+
+
+The genus Alurnus Fabricius, 1775 (Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Alurnini) in Colombia with four new species records and an updated checklist in the country
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Rendón-Ramírez, Alejandra
+Universidad Nacional de Colombia
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Vergara-Navarro, Erika Valentina
+Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, Agrosavia. Colección Taxonómica Nacional de Insectos “ Luis María Murillo ” CTNI, C. I. Tibaitatá, Mosquera (Colombia)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Quiroz-Gamboa, John Alveiro
+Museo Entomológico Francisco Luis Gallego. Universidad Nacional de Colombia
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+116
+130
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.4
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.4
+1175-5326
+14390033
+8F4FA9A5-750D-4EE5-9FB4-A978401CF35C
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Alurnus humeralis
+Rosenberg, 1898
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+(
+Fig. 10
+)
+
+
+
+FIGURES 7–10.
+Dorsal view
+
+Alurnus
+species
+
+from Colombia.
+7.
+
+Alurnus costalis
+Rosenberg, 1898
+
+.
+8.
+
+Alurnus grossus
+Fabricius, 1775
+
+.
+9.
+
+Alurnus horni
+Uhmann, 1935
+
+.
+10.
+
+Alurnus humeralis
+Rosenberg, 1898
+
+(eggs and pupae). Scale bars: 10 mm.
+
+
+
+
+Alurnus forticornis
+Weise, 1910
+
+
+
+
+Alurnus maximus
+Jacobson, 1899
+
+
+
+
+Alurnus saundersii humeralis
+Jacobson, 1899
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis.
+Antennal scape and pedicel cylindrical. Pronotum glabrous, with rounded tooth in anterior angle and acute tooth in posterior angle, lateral margin bisinuate. Elytra yellow with black spot on humeral calli and a black spot on middle region (
+Staines 2013
+).
+
+
+
+
+Material examined.
+
+COLOMBIA
+:
+
+Nariño
+,
+
+Chachagüí
+,
+
+i.1972
+
+,
+Coll.A. Palacio
+, (
+1ex.
+) [
+MEFLG
+].
+Tumaco
+,
+
+2m
+
+, coconut and palms,
+
+viii.1967
+
+.
+Coll. Jiménez
+, (
+9 exs.
+) [MEFLG-3116]. Ricaurte,
+
+8.i.2000
+
+.
+Coll. G. Velásquez
+(
+1ex.
+) [
+MHN-UPN
+]. Tumaco,
+
+2m
+
+, hand collecting, peach palm strains,
+
+v. 1996
+
+.
+Coll.
+R
+.
+Delgado
+, (
+1ex.
+) [MEFLG-7164].
+Tumaco
+, african palm,
+
+v.1961
+
+.
+Coll. Raigosa
+, (
+1ex.
+) [CTNI-1560].
+Tumaco
+,
+Estación
+experimental
+La Providencia
+, african palm.
+
+4.ii.2013
+
+.
+Coll. C. Sendoya
+, (
+1ex.
+) [CENIPALMA]
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Measurements: n= 6.
+31.77mm
+±
+1.20mm
+
+
+Plant associations.
+
+Elaeis guineensis
+Jacq.
+
+(
+Arecaceae
+—Palmae)—african palm;
+
+Cocos nucifera
+
+L. (
+Arecaceae
+)—coconut;
+
+Bactris gasipaes
+Kunth
+
+(
+Arecaceae
+)—peach palm. Literature review suggests association with
+
+Astrocaryum chonta
+Mart.
+
+(
+Arecaceae
+) (
+Staines, 2013
+).
+
+
+
+
+Distribution.
+Ecuador
+,
+Peru
+,
+Bolivia
+,
+Colombia
+(
+Putumayo
+) (
+Merino & Vásquez 1963
+;
+Staines, 2013
+;
+Zambrano 2015
+). New Colombian record:
+Nariño
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/03/E5/28/03E5282DE54EFF9EFF38F9763AB6FE9B.xml b/data/03/E5/28/03E5282DE54EFF9EFF38F9763AB6FE9B.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7a86268c4b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/E5/28/03E5282DE54EFF9EFF38F9763AB6FE9B.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+
+
+
+The genus Alurnus Fabricius, 1775 (Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Alurnini) in Colombia with four new species records and an updated checklist in the country
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Rendón-Ramírez, Alejandra
+Universidad Nacional de Colombia
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Vergara-Navarro, Erika Valentina
+Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, Agrosavia. Colección Taxonómica Nacional de Insectos “ Luis María Murillo ” CTNI, C. I. Tibaitatá, Mosquera (Colombia)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Quiroz-Gamboa, John Alveiro
+Museo Entomológico Francisco Luis Gallego. Universidad Nacional de Colombia
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+116
+130
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.4
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.4
+1175-5326
+14390033
+8F4FA9A5-750D-4EE5-9FB4-A978401CF35C
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Alurnus chocoensis
+Pardo-Locarno & Constantino, 2023
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+(
+Fig. 6
+)
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis.
+Head red. Antennal scape and pedicel subequal in length; pedicel widened to the apex. Vertex of head striate and punctate, some punctures each with a pale seta. Front punctate, with yellowish setae. Labrum densely punctate. Pronotum glabrous, finely pubescent. Elytra intense or light red, surface punctate, humeral calli densely punctate (
+Pardo-Locarno & Constantino, 2023
+).
+
+
+
+
+Material examined.
+
+COLOMBIA
+:
+
+Valle del Cauca
+,
+
+Buenaventura
+,
+Bajo Anchicayá
+,
+
+400m
+
+,
+
+25.ii.1993
+
+,
+Coll. N. Carrejo
+(
+1ex.
+) [MUSENUV-6392].
+Buenaventura
+,
+Bajo Anchicayá
+,
+
+400m
+
+,
+
+3.i.1983
+
+.
+Coll. K.E.
+(
+1ex.
+) [MUSENUV-6390].
+Buenaventura
+,
+
+La Cascada
+
+,
+
+340m
+
+,
+
+10.i.1992
+
+.
+Coll. N. Carrejo
+(
+2exs.
+) [MUSENUV-6385. MUSENUV-6387].
+Buenaventura
+,
+Bajo Anchicayá
+,
+3,601327
+-76,858571
+,
+
+14.iii.2023
+
+.
+Coll. S.
+Paredes-O &
+M. Hernández.
+[MUSENUV]
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Measurements: n=
+6.
+
+29mm±
+2mm
+
+
+Plant associations.
+
+Bactris gasipaes
+Kunth
+
+(
+Arecaceae
+)—peach palm (
+Pardo-Locarno & Constantino, 2023
+).
+
+
+
+
+Distribution.
+Colombia
+(
+Valle del Cauca
+).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/03/E5/28/03E5282DE54EFF9FFF38FB223B00F9B5.xml b/data/03/E5/28/03E5282DE54EFF9FFF38FB223B00F9B5.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..31069502823
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/E5/28/03E5282DE54EFF9FFF38FB223B00F9B5.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+
+
+
+The genus Alurnus Fabricius, 1775 (Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Alurnini) in Colombia with four new species records and an updated checklist in the country
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Rendón-Ramírez, Alejandra
+Universidad Nacional de Colombia
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Vergara-Navarro, Erika Valentina
+Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, Agrosavia. Colección Taxonómica Nacional de Insectos “ Luis María Murillo ” CTNI, C. I. Tibaitatá, Mosquera (Colombia)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Quiroz-Gamboa, John Alveiro
+Museo Entomológico Francisco Luis Gallego. Universidad Nacional de Colombia
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+116
+130
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.4
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.4
+1175-5326
+14390033
+8F4FA9A5-750D-4EE5-9FB4-A978401CF35C
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Alurnus chapuisi
+Uhmann & Jolivet, 1952
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+(
+Fig. 5
+)
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis.
+Antennal scape subglobose; pedicel transverse. Vertex of head rugose and punctate, without sulcus. Elytra with anterior margin black, each elytron with four or five yellow costae and black interspaces are finely punctate (
+Staines 2013
+).
+
+
+
+
+Material examined.
+
+COLOMBIA
+:
+
+Antioquia
+,
+
+Frontino
+,
+Corregimiento Murrí
+,
+
+1317m
+
+, hand collecting, rotten trunk,
+
+i.1982
+
+.
+Coll.
+R
+.
+Bernal G.
+, (
+1ex.
+) [MEFLG-6279]
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Measurements:
+35mm
+
+
+Plant associations
+. None found.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution.
+Colombia
+(
+Antioquia
+) (
+Staines 2013
+).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/03/E5/28/03E5282DE54EFF9FFF38FE793A32FB86.xml b/data/03/E5/28/03E5282DE54EFF9FFF38FE793A32FB86.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f5a79b0d26a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/E5/28/03E5282DE54EFF9FFF38FE793A32FB86.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+
+
+
+The genus Alurnus Fabricius, 1775 (Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Alurnini) in Colombia with four new species records and an updated checklist in the country
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Rendón-Ramírez, Alejandra
+Universidad Nacional de Colombia
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Vergara-Navarro, Erika Valentina
+Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, Agrosavia. Colección Taxonómica Nacional de Insectos “ Luis María Murillo ” CTNI, C. I. Tibaitatá, Mosquera (Colombia)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Quiroz-Gamboa, John Alveiro
+Museo Entomológico Francisco Luis Gallego. Universidad Nacional de Colombia
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+116
+130
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.4
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.4
+1175-5326
+14390033
+8F4FA9A5-750D-4EE5-9FB4-A978401CF35C
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Alurnus boucardi
+Rosenberg, 1898
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+(
+Fig. 4
+)
+
+
+
+Alurnus boulardi
+Haitlinger, 1989
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis.
+Antennal scape cylindrical, longer thanpedicel. Vertex of head without sulcus; depressed between eyes. Scutellum punctate. Pronotum with lateral margins bisinuate; anterior angle obtuse. Elytra yellow with black spot on the middle region. (
+Staines 2013
+).
+
+
+
+
+Material examined.
+
+COLOMBIA
+:
+
+Antioquia
+,
+
+Amalfi
+,
+Vereda Guayabito
+,
+Finca Costa Rica
+, hand collecting,
+
+12–16.i.2010
+
+.
+Coll. Cardona, J.
+;
+Bota, C.
+;
+Morales, P.
+&
+Urrea, L.
+(
+1ex.
+) [CEUA-62997].
+Maceo
+, hacienda
+Santa Bárbara
+,
+Cañón
+del
+río Alicante
+, hand collecting, (bmh-t)
+
+14–16.ix.2012
+
+.
+Coll. W.
+Valencia-M. (
+1ex.
+) [CEUA-]
+
+.
+
+
+Amazonas
+,
+
+Leticia
+, (
+2exs.
+) [
+MHN-UPN
+].
+Leticia
+,
+Parque Nacional Natural Amacayacu. Caño
+Mata Mata,
+
+100m
+
+,
+Malaise
+,
+
+ii.1989
+
+.
+Coll. M. Kelsey
+(
+1ex.
+) [IAvH-E].
+Estación
+ecológica OMÉ,
+
+viii.2009
+
+.
+Coll. D. Caballos-Pabón
+, (
+1ex.
+) [
+ICN-E
+]
+
+.
+
+
+Caldas
+
+,
+Manizales
+, on roses,
+
+v.1938
+
+.
+Coll. F.L. Gallego
+, (
+1ex.
+) [MEFLG-1365]
+
+.
+
+
+Caquetá
+,
+
+Parque Nacional Natural Serranía de Chiribiquete
+,
+Río Mesay
+, parte alta, hand collecting,
+
+2.i.2000
+
+, (
+1ex.
+) [IAvH-E]
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Measurements: n= 8.
+37.5mm
+±
+1.13mm
+
+
+Plant associations
+. Label indicates “roses” (
+
+Rosa
+
+,
+Rosaceae
+)
+
+
+
+
+Distribution.
+Panama
+;
+Colombia
+(
+Antioquia
+;
+Boyacá
+;
+Santander
+;
+Valle del Cauca
+;
+Vaupés
+;) (
+Staines 2013
+). New records in
+Colombia
+: Amazonas,
+Caldas
+.
+
+
+
+
+Comments.
+In the species key and redescription, it is mentioned that the pronotum is black; however, we record
+one specimen
+with a red pronotum.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/03/F4/87/03F487C0FF937559D7E4C7DEC851FE28.xml b/data/03/F4/87/03F487C0FF937559D7E4C7DEC851FE28.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..98ffa36aded
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/F4/87/03F487C0FF937559D7E4C7DEC851FE28.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,668 @@
+
+
+
+Two new species of Trichodrilus (Annelida, Clitellata, Lumbriculidae) from Pacific drainages, western USA
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Fend, Steven
+756 W Vista Hermosa Dr., Green Valley, AZ 85614, USA.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Rodriguez, Pilar
+Zoology and Animal Cell Biology Dpt., Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV / EHU, Apdo. 644, Bilbao, 48080 Spain.
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+141
+156
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.6
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.6
+1175-5326
+14390136
+38C830B7-4EDB-4D56-9631-1784CB542EF4
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Trichodrilus humptulips
+
+sp. nov.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+(
+Figures 3
+,
+4
+)
+
+
+
+
+Type locality:
+
+Washington
+,
+
+
+Grays
+Harbor Co.
+
+West Fork Humptulips River
+
+, near Campbell Tree Grove,
+N47.4812
+,
+W123.6831
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Holotype
+:
+
+USNM 1740731
+: A whole mounted worm, stained with borax carmine, and slide-mounted in
+Canada
+balsam; collected
+
+2 June 2003
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+FIGURE 3.
+
+Trichodrilus humptulips
+
+
+sp. nov.
+
+A–E from the type locality, F from Clearwater River. A, D from holotype, C, E from paratypes.
+A.
+Anterior segments, external view.
+B.
+Chaetae in mid-body, dorsal pair (above) and ventral pair (below).
+C.
+Atrium and male ducts.
+D.
+Reproductive segments, showing gonads, male and female ducts, and spermathecae.
+E.
+Reproductive segments, spermathecal ampullae extending anteriad into adjacent segment.
+F.
+Reproductive segments of a partially mature worm.
+
+
+
+
+
+Paratypes
+:
+
+USNM 1740732–1740734
+:
+From
+the type locality, 2 dissected, collected
+
+2 June 2003
+
+; 1 whole mount, collected
+
+29 April 2022
+
+.
+All
+slide-mounted in
+Canada
+balsam
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Other material examined
+:
+
+From the
+type
+locality, 2 mature and
+2 immature
+, collected
+
+29 April 2022
+
+.
+Washington
+,
+Jefferson Co.
+,
+Clearwater River
+at
+Upper Clearwater Camp
+,
+N47.6782
+,
+W124.1194
+,
+
+4 June 2003
+
+; 1 partially mature worm.
+All
+whole-mounts in
+Canada
+balsam
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Etymology:
+From the
+type
+locality; the name of the river apparently derived from an Indigenous language term meaning “hard to pole” (difficult to travel by canoe). Noun in apposition.
+
+
+
+
+Description:
+Length of preserved worms
+23–31 mm
+; 81–90 segments; diameter
+0.6–0.7 mm
+in X, maximum diameter to
+0.75 mm
+. Prostomium short (
+0.18–0.24 mm
+) and rounded, slightly wider than long (
+Figs. 3A
+,
+4A
+). Secondary segmentation (a narrow anterior ring, about ¼ length of segment) from IV–IX, weak or lacking in posterior segments (
+Fig. 3A
+).
+
+
+Chaetae paired, simple-pointed, sigmoid. Length of ventral chaetae in anterior segments and clitellar region 125–186 µm, dorsals similar or slightly shorter (114–176 µm) than corresponding ventrals; nodulus 0.36–0.42 the chaeta length from tip (
+Figs. 3B
+,
+4C
+). Ventral chaetae slightly increase in length in middle and posterior segments (160–210 µm); nodulus more distal posterior to about XL (0.27–0.34 the chaeta length from tip). Within each pair, the inner chaeta may be slightly longer. Chaeta diameter 5–6 µm in anterior to middle segments; ventral chaetae in posterior segments somewhat thicker (6.5–9 µm).
+
+No distinct pharyngeal pad. Pharyngeal glands usually in IV–VI. No preclitellar nephridia; nephridia occurring irregularly in posterior segments; ducts thin, extending ventrally for 2 or more segments, without distinct ectal vesicle. Dorsal blood vessel on dorsal side of gut; lateral vessels are simple commissures in anterior segments, but no lateral blood vessels in posterior segments; ventral blood vessel with 2 or 3 short connections to perivisceral sinus. Chloragogen forming a relatively thin layer on gut, from VII.
+
+Male pores in X, midway between chaetae and posterior septum, on or slightly lateral to ventral chaetal line; pores surrounded by 120–145 µm wide ring of slightly thickened epidermis (cells 30–48 μm high); no obvious penis, porophore or sulcus (
+Fig. 4B, D
+). Female pores intersegmental on 11/12, inconspicuous, on the chaetal line. Female funnels 160–200 µm high. Spermathecal pores simple, inconspicuous (
+Fig. 4G
+), on ventral chaetal line and behind chaetae in XI (2/3 distance between chaetae and 11/12) and in XII (3/4 distance between chaetae and 12/13). Clitellum inconspicuous, from X–XIII. No obvious internal glands around genital pores. Testes to about mid-segment in IX and X; ovaries extend beyond mid-segment in XI. Sperm sacs extend anteriad to VIII and back to XV or XVI; egg sacs with mature eggs may extend up to 2 segments behind posterior sperm sacs.
+
+
+Spermathecal ducts distinct, 80–130 µm long, about 40–50 µm diameter near ampulla, tapering down to 25–30 µm at the pores (
+Fig. 3D
+); duct with narrowly columnar epithelium and narrow lumen. Spermathecal ampullae irregularly sacciform, about 500–1200 µm long, maximum diameter 180–280 µm; folded within originating segment or extending forward or back through 1–2 segments (
+Fig. 3D, E
+). Ampullar epithelium is nearly uniform (5–10 µm thick), not columnar or vacuolated (
+Fig. 4H
+). Sperm loosely distributed throughout ampulla.
+
+
+Male funnels closely appressed to septa 9/10 and 10/11, both directed anteriad; funnels similar in size or posterior slightly larger, to 200 µm high. Anterior vasa deferentia length about 420–560 μm; diameter 24–32 µm, winding through anterior X; posterior vasa deferentia length 560–720 µm, diameter 24–32 µm, forming an extensive loop in XI before returning to X to join the atrium basally (
+Fig. 3C–D
+) (medially in partially mature worm,
+Fig. 3F
+). Both vasa deferentia with ciliated lumen 8–10 µm wide; both join base of atrial ampulla, near beginning of prostate cells, where they abruptly narrow and penetrate muscle layer; internal ducts narrow (to 5–6 µm), continuing under atrial muscle coat and entering atrial lumen near apical ¼ or subapically (
+Fig. 3C, D
+).
+
+
+Atria club-shaped, total length 260–400 μm; indistinctly divided into a prostate-bearing ampulla (215–295 μm long, maximum diameter 50–90 μm) and an ectal section (40–130 μm long, 32–40 μm diameter) which tapers to 30 µm or less at pore. Atrial ampulla surrounded by a muscle layer 3–6 µm thick, muscle fibers without a distinct pattern; epithelium 14–24 µm thick (
+Fig. 4E, F
+). Multicellular prostate glands densely cover atrial ampulla; distinct, small cell bundles 20–40 µm high (
+Fig. 4F
+).
+
+
+Gut contents appear to be typical fine streambed detritus, mostly organic. The partially mature worm from the nearby Clearwater River has partially developed spermathecae in XI–XII, and atria in X (
+Fig. 3F
+).
+
+
+
+
+Remarks.
+The new species can be assigned to
+
+Trichodrilus
+
+based on the semiprosoporous male ducts, with testes in IX and X, atrium and male pore in X; ovaries in XI; and spermathecae in XI and XII. The
+type
+material is quite limited, but appears sufficient to reliably distinguish the new species from congeners.
+
+
+
+FIGURE 4.
+
+Trichodrilus humptulips
+
+sp. n
+ov.
+(All from type locality; A, D, H from holotype, others from paratypes. E–G from dissections, others from whole mounts).
+A.
+Prostomium and partially everted pharynx.
+B.
+Male pore, external view.
+C.
+Ventral chaetae in XI.
+D.
+Clitellum and male pore in X.
+E, F.
+Atrium.
+G.
+Spermathecal pore in XI.
+H.
+Spermathecal duct and part of ampulla.
+
+
+
+Of the previously described
+
+Trichodrilus
+species
+
+with two spermathecal segments, two Palearctic species,
+
+T. intermedius
+(
+Fauvel, 1903
+)
+
+and
+
+T. tacensis
+Hrabě, 1963
+
+, also have tubular atria which are shorter than the body diameter.Another species,
+
+T. leruthi
+Hrabĕ, 1937
+
+, has a tube-like, elongate atrium (
+
+Fig.
+3
+
+in
+Hrabě 1937
+), terminating in a prominent penial bulb, with extruded lining cells forming elongate penes (
+
+Fig.
+5
+
+in
+Rodriguez & Giani 1994
+). These 3 European species are known primarily from groundwater. Two main reproductive characters distinguish
+
+T. humptulips
+
+
+sp. nov.
+
+from
+
+T. tacensis
+
+: the posterior vasa deferentia of
+
+T. tacensis
+
+do not penetrate the posterior septum, and join the atrial ampulla at the apical end (see Fig.
+6 in
+Hrabĕ 1963
+);
+
+T. tacensis
+
+also has well-developed, cylindrical penes on porophores.
+
+
+
+TABLE 1.
+Comparison of the new species with similar
+
+Trichodrilus
+species.
+
+Measurements of previously described
+
+
+
+
+species are from the listed authorities; for
+
+T. pragensis
+
+these are supplemented by our measurements of specimens in the
+
+Hrabĕ collection, National Museum of the Czech Republic.
+
+
+
+
+|
+
+Trichodrilus spp.
+
+ |
+
+
+T. pragensis
+
+ |
+
+
+
+T. baylesi
+
+sp. nov.
+
+ |
+
+
+T. intermedius
+
+ |
+
+
+T. humptulips
+
+ |
+
+
+| Vejdovský, 1876; |
+
+Fauvel, 1903
+; Hrabĕ
+ |
+
+sp. nov.
+ |
+
+
+|
+Character
+ |
+
+Hrabĕ 1971
+ |
+
+1937
+ |
+
+
+| Body Ø (mm) |
+0.28–0.34 (in X) |
+0.55–0.84 (in X) |
+1 |
+0.6–0.7 |
+
+
+| Secondary Annulation |
+III–VII |
+V–IX or X |
+from III |
+from IV |
+
+
+| Pharyngeal glands |
+V–VIII(IX) |
+III-IV (V) |
+V |
+IV–VI |
+
+
+| First nephridium |
+VII |
+VII |
+VII |
+~XX (postclitellar) |
+
+
+| Posterior lateral blood |
+absent |
+absent |
+2–6 pairs |
+absent |
+
+
+| vessels |
+
+
+| Chaetae (length, µm) |
+Anterior dorsals: 50–95 |
+Anterior ventrals: |
+Simple |
+simple, 125–185 |
+
+
+| Anterior ventrals: |
+140–210 |
+8 thick |
+5–9 thick |
+
+
+| 72–95 |
+4–5 thick |
+
+
+| 3 thick |
+
+
+| Atrial ampulla |
+Oval-round |
+Nearly spherical, |
+tubular, 188–255 x 80 |
+tubular, 215–295 x 50– |
+
+
+| (L x W, µm) |
+(83–140 x 65–140) |
+180– 320 x 120–270 |
+wide; short duct |
+95 wide; short duct |
+
+
+| Atrial musculature |
+2–5 (crossed) |
+5–10 |
+9 μm |
+5–6 (10) μm |
+
+
+| (µm) |
+
+
+| Prostate glands |
+70–140 |
+60–120 |
+70–95 |
+30–40 |
+
+
+| (height, µm) |
+
+
+| Atrial duct |
+24–42 x 27–44 |
+70–120 x 30–70 |
+~60 long |
+40–130 x 30–40 |
+
+
+| (L x W, µm) |
+
+
+| Penis (L x W, µm) |
+Conical porophore. No |
+No porophore. Penis in |
+Penis small, |
+No penis. No penial |
+
+
+| penial sac. Penis short, |
+penial sac. Penis long |
+protrusible. No penial |
+sac. |
+
+
+| from the internal duct |
+sac. |
+
+
+| cells |
+
+
+| Vas deferens (Ø, µm). |
+14–26 |
+21–28 |
+38–47; muscular near |
+24–30, not muscular. |
+
+
+| Junction with atrial |
+Junction median |
+Junction basal to |
+atrium. Junction apical. |
+Junction basal, running |
+
+
+| ampulla |
+median |
+under muscle to apex |
+
+
+| Posterior vas deferens |
+yes |
+yes |
+yes |
+yes |
+
+
+| crossing to ovarian |
+
+
+| segment |
+
+
+| Spermathecal ampulla |
+400– 500 x 94–133 |
+1000 x 200–600 |
+630 x 120 μm |
+400–1400 x 160–300. |
+
+
+| (L x W, µm) |
+May enter adjacent |
+May enter adjacent |
+May enter adjacent |
+May enter adjacent |
+
+
+| segment. |
+segment |
+segment |
+segment |
+
+
+| Spermathecal duct |
+107–155 x 37–49 |
+c. 200 x 50–100; |
+160 x 60 μm, widening |
+80–140 x 30–40; |
+
+
+| (L x W, µm) |
+complex, with ental |
+before distal end |
+simple, tubular |
+
+
+| sphincter |
+
+
+|
+Sites
+ |
+Europe: several |
+USA: Oregon |
+France |
+USA: Northwest |
+
+
+| countries |
+Washington |
+
+
+
+
+Using the key by
+Rodriguez & Giani (1994)
+(see
+Table 1
+), the closest match to the new species is
+
+T. intermedius
+
+, which also has posterior vasa deferentia penetrating the posterior septum (10/11), forming a loop in XI (Fig.
+9 in
+Hrabě 1937
+). From the original description,
+
+T. intermedius
+
+differs in having 2–6 pairs of lateral blood vessels in posterior segments.
+Hrabě (1937)
+provided a detailed redescription, noting the very thick, muscular vasa deferentia (37–47 μm) and short-cylindrical penes. The muscle layer of the atrial ampulla in Hrabě's material appears somewhat thicker, at 9.5 μm, and both vasa deferentia join the atrial ampulla at the most ental (apical) end, in contrast to the basal junction of the new species.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/03/F4/87/03F487C0FF977556D7E4C733CB34F938.xml b/data/03/F4/87/03F487C0FF977556D7E4C733CB34F938.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b25f558f2e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/F4/87/03F487C0FF977556D7E4C733CB34F938.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,562 @@
+
+
+
+Two new species of Trichodrilus (Annelida, Clitellata, Lumbriculidae) from Pacific drainages, western USA
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Fend, Steven
+756 W Vista Hermosa Dr., Green Valley, AZ 85614, USA.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Rodriguez, Pilar
+Zoology and Animal Cell Biology Dpt., Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV / EHU, Apdo. 644, Bilbao, 48080 Spain.
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+141
+156
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.6
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.6
+1175-5326
+14390136
+38C830B7-4EDB-4D56-9631-1784CB542EF4
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Trichodrilus baylesi
+
+sp. nov.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+(
+Figures 1
+,
+2
+)
+
+
+
+
+Type locality:
+
+Oregon
+,
+Lane Co.
+,
+Fall Creek
+, above
+Fall Creek
+reservoir, approximately
+N43.972
+,
+W122.541
+, gravel-cobble streambed near margins
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Holotype
+:
+
+USNM 1740726
+:
+
+10 May 2020
+
+, a whole mounted worm, thick epidermis of clitellum partially scraped off, stained with carmine and slide-mounted in
+Canada
+balsam.
+
+
+
+
+
+Paratypes
+:
+
+All from the type locality.
+USNM 1740727–1740730
+:
+
+10 May 2020
+
+, 2 whole mounts, 1 sagittally sectioned.
+
+17 April 2020
+
+, 1 dissected.
+CASIZ 242895–242899
+:
+
+10 May 2020
+
+, 1 whole mount, 1 sagittally sectioned.
+
+17 April 2020
+
+, 2 whole mounts.
+
+19 March 2020
+
+, 1 dissected.
+MNCN 16.03
+/579–16.03/581:
+
+17 April 2020
+
+, 2 whole mounts.
+
+10 May 2020
+
+, 1 dissected.
+All
+slide-mounted in
+Canada
+balsam
+
+.
+
+
+
+Other material examined
+:
+
+From the
+type
+locality. Mated specimens with mature eggs, unless otherwise noted.
+19 March 2020
+: 1 dissected.
+25 March 2220
+: 2 dissected, 1 whole mount.
+17 April 2020
+: 6 whole mounts.
+10 May 2020
+, 1 dissected, 1 whole mount.
+9 April 2021
+, 2 unmated whole mounts.
+20 April 2021
+, 3 whole mounts.
+
+
+
+FIGURE 1
+.
+
+Trichodrilus baylesi
+
+
+sp. nov.
+
+from Fall Creek, Oregon (A–C, E–F) and from Little Deer Creek, Oregon (D). A is from holotype, B, C, E from paratypes.
+A.
+Anterior end of a whole mounted worm, showing pharyngeal region and reproductive segments.
+B.
+Chaetae in VIII, ventral pair (below) and dorsal pair (above).
+C, D.
+Reproductive segments X–XII (D, unmated individual).
+E, F.
+Detail of male ducts, showing atrium, extended penis, and vasa deferentia.
+
+
+
+
+Oregon
+,
+Lane Co.
+,
+Fall Creek
+below
+Dolly Varden Campground
+,
+N43.9655
+,
+W122.6251
+,
+
+20 April 2021
+
+, 3 whole mounts.
+Yamhill Co.
+, seep along
+Little Deer Creek
+, a small stream draining west slope of
+Peavine Ridge
+, west of
+McMinnville
+,
+N45.2408
+,
+W123.3862
+, in mud and aquatic plants.
+
+30 January 2000
+
+, 1 dissected (mated), 5 whole mounts (all unmated)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Etymology:
+For David M. Bayles, in appreciation for his long career protecting rivers of the Pacific Northwest with the Pacific Rivers Council.
+
+
+
+
+
+Description (material from the
+type
+locality):
+
+Length of 3 complete specimens
+24–41 mm
+, 71–78 segments; diameter of all specimens
+0.55–0.84 mm
+in X, maximum diameter to 1.0 mm. Prostomium rounded-conical, about as long as wide (
+Fig. 1A
+). Secondary segmentation (a narrow anterior ring about ¼ length of segment) from V to IX or X, weak or lacking in posterior segments. Epidermis in anterior segments 8–20 µm thick, 8–16 µm in posterior segments.
+
+
+Chaetae paired, simple-pointed, sigmoid; length of dorsal chaetae in anterior segments and clitellar region slightly shorter than ventrals of the same segment, 110–195 µm; ventral chaetae 140–210 µm; nodulus 0.30–0.45 the chaeta length from tip in both dorsal and ventral bundles; within each pair, the inner chaeta (i.e., the one closer to the sagittal plane) is usually slightly longer, with more proximal nodulus; chaeta diameter 4–5 µm (
+Fig. 1B
+).
+
+
+Dorsal wall of pharynx moderately thickened in (I)II–III and ventrally in III, no distinct pharyngeal pad or pouch (
+Fig. 2A
+). Pharyngeal glands usually in III–IV or V (
+Fig. 1A
+). Chloragogen begins on gut in about VII.
+
+First nephridia usually paired on 6/7 (duct and nephridiopore in VII); second pair usually on 12/13 (in XIII); then occurring irregularly in posterior segments. Each nephridium with small anteseptal funnel (to 30 µm long), an elongate postseptal expansion (length about 80–120 µm, diameter to about 40 μm), and a long, highly convoluted duct loop that usually passes through 2 or 3 posterior segments ventral to the gut, widening slightly at a simple nephridiopore anterior to the ventral chaetae in the originating segment.
+Blood vessels obscure in most fixed specimens; where visible, one pair of simple, winding commissural vessels in anterior segments; no obvious lateral blood vessels in posterior segments; dorsal vessel closely appressed to gut in post-clitellar segments.
+
+Male pores in X, midway between chaetae and posterior septum, on ventral chaetal lines (
+Fig. 1A
+); within transverse openings when penes retracted, but penes at least partially everted in most fixed specimens (
+Figs. 1C, E, F
+;
+2B–F
+). Female pores intersegmental on 11/12, each a lateral slit on or slightly lateral to the chaetal line; female funnels 150–250 µm high. Spermathecal pores behind ventral chaetae in XI (midway between chaetae and posterior septum), in inconspicuous transverse slits on the chaetal line (
+Fig. 2I
+). Clitellum distinctly glandular, from mid-IX or X (at 9/10) through XII or XIII, wholly surrounding the body (
+Fig. 2B
+); 20–46 µm thick. No obvious internal glands around genital pores. Testes small (not extending as far as chaetae) in IX and X; ovaries extend beyond mid- XI, usually to 11/12. Sperm sacs extend anteriad to VII or VIII and backward through XIII to XV; egg sacs extend 1–3 segments behind posterior sperm sacs.
+
+
+Spermathecal duct distinct, tubular, in two parts (
+Fig. 1C
+;
+2I
+): the ectal part with a thick (15–25 µm), irregular epithelium and a muscle layer to 2 µm thick, length 120–240 μm, diameter gradually decreases from near ectal pore (40–100 µm) to junction with inner part. Ental part of duct 80–175 µm long, 50–80 µm in diameter (may be somewhat expanded medially), with columnar epithelium (
+Fig. 2I, J
+). Entally, the duct abruptly terminates in a narrow sphincter with muscular ring (
+Fig. 2J, K
+), before widening abruptly into the ampulla. Spermathecal ampulla sacciform, elongate (to over 1000 µm), usually extending back through 1–2 segments (to XII or XIII); maximum diameter 200–600 µm, filled with unordered sperm (
+Fig. 2L, M
+); epithelium 10–30 µm thick, but not columnar or vacuolated. Sperm loosely distributed throughout ampulla. One unmated specimen had an extra spermatheca on one side, in IX.
+
+
+Male funnels closely appressed to septa 9/10 and 10/11, both directed anteriad; funnels similar in size or posterior slightly larger, about 110–220 µm high (
+Fig. 1C, E, F
+). Anterior vasa deferentia length about 420–700 μm, width 21–24 µm, ciliated, winding through anterior X to septum 10/11. Posterior vasa deferentia length 350–630 µm, diameter 21–28 µm; from the funnel, they run down septum 10/11 and penetrate the posterior septum, forming a loop in XI before returning to X to join the atrial ampulla (
+Fig. 1C
+). Ental ends of both vasa deferentia penetrate the atrial muscle layer near the ectal 1/4–1/2 of the ampulla, run under the muscle, and enter the atrial lumen subapically (
+Fig. 1C, E, F
+;
+2H
+).
+
+
+
+FIGURE 2
+.
+
+Trichodrilus baylesi
+
+
+sp. nov.
+
+.from Fall Creek, Oregon. All from paratypes, except B and C from non-types.
+A.
+Prostomium, anterior body region and pharynx, sagittal section.
+B.
+Anterior end of whole worm (fixed and stained), showing clitellum and penis (lower is detail of upper).
+C.
+Extended penis, from whole mount.
+D, E.
+Atrium and partially extended penis, sagittal section showing associated musculature (D is from the same specimen as E).
+F.
+Atrium and extended penis, sagittal section showing penial muscle bands surrounding atrial duct.
+G.
+Atrial ampulla, with multicellular prostates, and vas deferens junction, sagittal section.
+H.
+Atrium and vas deferens, sagittal section.
+I.
+Spermathecal duct, sagittal section.
+J–K.
+Ental part of spermathecal duct, showing sphincter at junction with ampulla (sagittal section above, whole mount below).
+L–M.
+Spermathecal ampulla, sagittal section (lower is detail of upper).
+
+
+
+Atrium petiolate, ampulla ovate to nearly spherical (180–320 µm high, 120–270 µm wide) (
+Figs. 1E, F
+;
+2E
+); epithelium and muscle layers each 5–10 µm thick; muscle fibers without a distinct pattern. Prostate glands densely cover the ampullar portion in multicellular bundles (
+Figs. 1E, F
+,
+2G
+); prostate layer 60–120 µm thick, and may appear continuous when glands are densely packed. Atrial duct forms an irregular tube, the free portion (between base of penis and ampulla) 70–120 µm long, 40–70 µm wide near ampulla; ectal end tapering to 30 µm or less, and continuing within the penis (
+Figs. 1C, E, F
+;
+2D–F
+). Conical penes 210–300 μm long, 80–100 μm wide at base when everted (
+Fig. 2C
+); to 170 μm long when retracted within deep, eversible folds (penial sacs); penis with outer epidermal layer about 5 µm thick, continuous with the sac lining, cuticle not thickened. Beneath the epidermis, a layer of circular muscles (ca. 4–8 µm thick) surrounds the tapered inner duct of the penis; longitudinal muscle fibers from inner wall of penis extend up to surround the duct (
+Figs. 1E
+;
+2D–F
+). Penes appear to be extended by everting the sacs, and are possibly lengthened by contraction of circular muscles.
+
+Gut contents appear to be typical fine streambed detritus.
+
+
+
+Material from Little Deer Creek:
+The
+6 specimens
+were near maturity, but unmated, without sperm in the spermathecae, and only 2 contained mature (yolky) eggs. General body size was similar to topotypic specimens (maximum body diameter
+0.5–0.8 mm
+, anterior ventral chaetae 107–165 µm). General structure of the male ducts was similar, although generally smaller: ovate atrial ampulla 80–148 µm long, 58–117 µm wide; conical penes 80–125 µm long (
+Fig. 1D
+). These specimens were collected earlier in the year (January vs. April–May) than the topotypic worms, and the reproductive organs were apparently not as well developed.
+
+
+
+
+Remarks.
+The new species can be assigned to
+
+Trichodrilus
+
+based on the semiprosoporous male ducts, with testes in IX and X; atrium and male pore in X; ovaries in XI; and spermathecae ventrolateral in XI. Like other
+
+Trichodrilus
+species
+
+,
+
+T. baylesi
+
+
+sp. nov.
+
+is a relatively small, unpigmented worm. Using the key by
+Rodriguez & Giani (1994)
+,
+
+Trichodrilus
+species
+
+with a single spermathecal segment, simple-pointed chaetae, and globularpetiolate atria having a moderately-developed muscle layer include the southeastern Nearctic
+
+Trichodrilus culveri
+
+and the central European
+
+Trichodrilus pragensis
+Vejdovský, 1876
+
+.
+
+Trichodrilus culveri
+
+differs in lacking any penial structure, and in having a very short, conical spermathecal duct (
+Cook 1975
+). The small penes (opening in a conical porophore and without a penial sac) of
+
+T. pragensis
+
+appear quite different from the large penes of the new species (see
+Table 1
+below). The lateral blood vessels described in posterior segments of
+
+T. pragensis
+
+and several other species (
+Hrabĕ 1971
+) were also not seen in
+
+T. baylesi
+
+
+sp. nov.
+
+, although this character may be difficult to define in preserved material (
+Rodriguez & Giani 1994
+).
+
+
+Unlike the new species, penes are not highly developed in most congeners. Two exceptions,
+
+T. longipenis
+Giani & Rodriguez, 1994
+
+and
+
+T. leruthi
+Hrabĕ, 1937
+
+(both of which have two spermathecal segments), have large, “
+Type
+2” penes, formed by extruding elongated lining cells of the atrial duct (
+Fig. 1F
+in
+Giani & Rodriguez 1994
+, Figs. 17D–G in
+Rodriguez & Giani 1994
+,
+
+Fig.
+4
+
+in
+Hrabě 1937
+). In contrast,
+
+T. baylesi
+
+
+sp. nov.
+
+has large penes within deep, eversible sacs; although clearly elongated when the sacs are everted, the penes are “
+Type
+1”, with epidermis surrounding internal musculature and duct (Fig. 17A, C in
+Rodriguez & Giani 1994
+). The sacs surrounding the retracted penes appear to be simple epidermal folds, thus differing from more histologically differentiated penial sacs described in other lumbriculid genera, e.g.,
+
+Sylphella puccoon
+
+Rodriguez
+et al.
+, 2014
+
+
+, or
+
+Eclipidrilus palustris
+(
+Smith, 1900
+)
+
+. Among congeners, the penes somewhat resemble those of
+
+T. cantabrigiensis
+(
+Beddard, 1908
+)
+
+(see
+
+Fig.
+1
+
+in
+Rodriguez & Giani 1994
+); however, the
+
+T. cantabrigiensis
+
+penes open on a porophore, are smaller, and are not clearly retractable.
+
+
+Muscular sphincters near the spermathecal pore have been described for species in several lumbriculid genera, including
+
+Eclipidrilus
+Eisen (
+Fend 2005
+)
+
+,
+
+Kincaidiana
+Altman
+
+,
+
+Guestphalinus
+Michaelsen (
+
+Fend
+et al.
+2017
+
+)
+
+, and
+
+Sylphella puccoon
+
+Rodriguez
+et al.
+, 2014
+
+
+. The presence of a sphincter in the most ental part of the spermathecal duct, separating the duct from the ampulla, is apparently new for the genus
+
+Trichodrilus
+
+, and has been only rarely described in other lumbriculids, most notably some species of
+
+Stylodrilus
+Claparède
+
+in Lake Baikal (e.g., Fig.
+209 in
+Semernoy 2004
+).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/0F/10/3C/0F103C337A5AFFF55BDBFD8AFED8E8B0.xml b/data/0F/10/3C/0F103C337A5AFFF55BDBFD8AFED8E8B0.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c885c25f497
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/0F/10/3C/0F103C337A5AFFF55BDBFD8AFED8E8B0.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+
+
+
+A new species of the gobiid genus Priolepis (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from Taiwan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Chen, I-Shiung
+Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 202301, Taiwan, R. O. C.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Chen, Jie-Ting
+Center of Excellence of the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 202301, Taiwan, R. O. C. Both authors have equal contribution of this paper
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Harefa, Tonisman
+Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 202301, Taiwan, R. O. C.
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-10
+
+
+5550
+
+
+1
+
+
+66
+77
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5550.1.9
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5550.1.9
+1175-5326
+14389752
+CB883325-6804-4BA3-BD7E-50A0D7507D46
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Priolepis formosa
+Chen, Chen & Harefa
+
+,
+new species
+
+
+
+
+
+
+(
+Figs. 1‒2
+)
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/62/6F/65/626F651B1860FF8AFF381241FE0CFEA6.xml b/data/62/6F/65/626F651B1860FF8AFF381241FE0CFEA6.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..00e1169b573
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/62/6F/65/626F651B1860FF8AFF381241FE0CFEA6.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+
+
+
+New genera and species of tortricid moths from Chile and Argentina (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Brown, John W.
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+51
+90
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.2
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.2
+1175-5326
+14389841
+BEBB4D36-855E-4AD3-829D-A3B2B17B81B7
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Archipimima clarkei
+Brown
+
+,
+new species
+
+
+
+
+LSIDurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
+218A5BA7-0486-4FC3-8F2B-E2A9C6842C7F
+
+
+
+
+(
+Figs. 19, 20
+,
+37
+,
+48
+)
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis
+. Superficially, males of
+
+Archipimima clarkei
+
+are most similar to those of
+
+A. hamata
+Razowski & Wojtusiak
+
+and
+
+A. tylonota
+(Meyrick)
+
+, with a mostly fawn ground color with ill-defined forewing pattern elements, and an evenly arched costa of the forewing (
+Fig. 19
+); the forewing is slightly to markedly undulate in males of other congeners and dramatically so in most females. The male genitalia of
+
+A. clarkei
+
+can be distinguished by the longer sacculus with a triangular spine near its distal end.
+
+
+
+
+Description
+. Head: Scales of vertex and frons mixed cream and pale rust; ocellus small; length of labial palpus ca. 1.5 times diameter of compound eye, with brownish-orange scales on outer surface, paler on inner surface; scaling of antenna pale brown on dorsum, sensory setae ca. 3.0 times width of flagellomere in male, much shorter in female.
+
+
+Thorax: Dorsum scaling pale tan with narrow rust line at anterior margin, continuing onto basal ca. 0.1 of costa. Male foreleg with short atteriine hairpencil lying along femur (
+Brown 1990
+). Forewing length 9.5‒11.0 mm (n = 4), in males, 12.0 mm (n = 1) in female; forewing apex falcate in both sexes, costa strongly arched in basal 0.15, then nearly straight in male (
+Fig. 19
+), costa weakly undulate in female (
+Fig. 20
+); forewing ground color pale cream, mostly overscaled with irregular tawny strigulae and specks; short, brown, subrectangular, subbasal dash from costa in male, narrower and paler in female (
+Fig. 20
+); pale brown, median fascia extending obliquely outward from near mid-costa, irregular in width and interrupted in male, rather uniform in width and uninterrupted in female; male with pale brown, subtriangular blotch in costal 0.3; female with short, faint, semicircular, postmedial patch from costa; fine, wavy whitish lines extending from near of hind margin extending toward costa, outlining irregular pale bands of speckled ground color; fringe pale brown with narrow, cream outer margin. Hindwing pale yellowish, with faint diffuse patch of pale orange scales at cubital pecten, with pale brown mottling along outer 0.5, most dense at outer margin; three or more small, faint, pale brown spots somewhat evenly spaced between outer margin and base of hindwing; fringe pale brown in apical region, pale cream along lower margin; frenulum with one spine in male, three in female.
+
+
+Abdomen: Male genitalia (
+Fig. 37
+) with tegumen slightly narrowed dorso-posteriorly, vinculum broadly Ushaped; uncus stout, rod-like, curved ventrad in distal 0.25, slightly flattened apically with small ventral brush of fine setae; socii slender, nearly as long as tegumen, with long densely arranged scales; gnathos arms slender with long, upcurved terminal spine-like process at junction of arms; transtilla subrectangular with well sclerotized dorsoposterior margin, a small U-shaped notch medially subtended on each side by a small patch of tiny spines; valva broad, mostly membranous, with broad, well-sclerotized costa and sacculus; sacculus confluent with ventral margin of valva in basal ca. 0.3, then extending into middle of valva, with a small, free, triangular spine near its termination; juxta shield-like; phallus slender, ca. 0.75 length of valva curved at ca. 0.33 distance from base, straight in distal ca. 0.6; vesica lacking cornuti (single preparation—cornuti possibly deciduous and lost). Female genitalia (
+Fig. 48
+) with papilla analis simple, mostly parallel-sided, slightly broadened posteriorly, ca. 4 times as long as wide; apophyses relatively long, slender, anteriores slightly longer than posteriores; sterigma membranous medially, with a pair of large, semi-sclerotized lateral ovate lobes nearly meeting at ostium; ductus bursae slender, ca. 2 times as long as corpus bursae, weakly sclerotized and elongate-funnel-shaped in posterior 0.35, only slightly broadened to distinct junction with corpus bursae; corpus bursae round, finely punctate throughout, signum a rather broad, short, hollow fin, with narrow sclerotized margin at junction with wall of corpus bursae, a small membranous lobe-like external capitulum near signum.
+
+
+
+FIGURES 39‒44.
+Female genitalia of tortricid species from Chile and Argentina. 39.
+
+Argentiliana basipallida
+, USNM
+
+slide 154,800. 40.
+
+Terifrona fronteria
+, USNM
+
+slide 145,518. 41.
+
+Transtilliana biloba
+, USNM
+
+slide 154,847. 42.
+
+Vargasia karsholti
+
+, JWBrown slide 1216. 43.
+
+Hamiamia trancasiana
+, USNM
+
+slide 92491. 44.
+
+Varifula fulvaria
+, USNM
+
+slide 88,471.
+
+
+
+
+FIGURES 45‒49.
+Female genitalia of tortricid species from Chile and Argentina. 45.
+
+Chapoania dentigera
+, USNM
+
+slide 88,636. 46.
+
+Endemulia urrai
+, USNM
+
+slide 154,831. 47.
+
+Paratepa argentinana
+, USNM
+
+slide 154,859. 48.
+
+Archipimima clarkei
+, USNM
+
+slide 154,860. 49.
+
+Silenoides divergens
+, USNM
+
+slide 154,882.
+
+
+
+Types
+.
+
+Holotype
+♂
+,
+Argentina
+,
+Tucumán
+,
+Ciudad Universitaria
+,
+
+20 Feb 1959
+
+,
+J. F. G. Clarke
+(
+USNM
+)
+
+.
+Paratypes
+(
+13♂
+,
+1♀
+).
+
+Argentina
+:
+Tucumán
+:
+Ciudad Universitaria
+,
+
+17 Feb 1959
+
+(
+8♂
+,
+1♀
+)
+
+,
+
+
+20 Feb 1959
+
+(
+5♂
+)
+
+,
+
+
+USNM
+slides 154,860, 154,864, J. F. G. Clarke (
+USNM
+).
+
+
+
+
+Distribution and biology
+.
+
+Archipimima clarkei
+
+is known from a series of specimens collected at the
+type
+locality of Ciudad Universitaria,
+Tucumán
+,
+Argentina
+, 65 years ago. The life history remains unknown.
+
+
+
+
+Etymology
+. The specific epithet is a patronym for the late John (Jack) F. Gates Clarke (
+USNM
+), the collector of the
+type
+series, who’s early work on the fauna of
+Argentina
+helped lay the foundation of our knowledge of its microlepidoptera fauna.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/62/6F/65/626F651B1863FF8DFF38142BFE28FEFB.xml b/data/62/6F/65/626F651B1863FF8DFF38142BFE28FEFB.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..816f5e370e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/62/6F/65/626F651B1863FF8DFF38142BFE28FEFB.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+
+
+
+New genera and species of tortricid moths from Chile and Argentina (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Brown, John W.
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+51
+90
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.2
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.2
+1175-5326
+14389841
+BEBB4D36-855E-4AD3-829D-A3B2B17B81B7
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Silenoides divergens
+Brown
+
+,
+new species
+
+
+
+
+LSIDurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
+B8308884-7ED5-4DA1-9CBB-3F9AAD2C24C9
+
+
+
+
+(
+Figs. 18
+,
+38
+,
+49
+)
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis and remarks
+.
+
+Silenoides divergens
+
+is described as monotypic, and hence can be distinguished from all other species by the characters provided in the diagnosis of the genus above.
+
+
+
+
+Description
+. Head: Scales of vertex and frons pale gray, tipped with pale cream; scales of labial palpus gray, tipped with pale cream on outer surface, paler on inner surface; scaling of antenna pale cream on dorsum.
+
+
+Thorax: Dorsum scales pale gray, tipped with pale cream in anterior 0.4, pale cream in medial 0.2, mostly brown in posterior 0.4, including metathoracic tuft. Forewing length
+6.5 mm
+(n = 1) in male, 9.0 mm (n = 2) in female; forewing ground color pale gray; conspicuous, dark brown, triangular blotch subbasally from hind margin; median fascia pale brown, broad, nearly parallel-sided, only slightly narrowed toward tornus, originating at costa ca. 0.4–0.6 distance from forewing base, extending obliquely to hind margin immediately before tornus; apical 0.1 of wing pale brown, isolating a subapical band of ground color between apical region and median fascia; fringe mostly pale brown, pale cream at tornus. Underside uniformly brown. Hindwing pale grey-brown; fringe concolorous with wing.
+
+
+Abdomen: Male genitalia (
+Fig. 38
+) as described for genus. Female genitalia (
+Fig. 49
+) as described for genus.
+
+
+
+
+Type
+.
+
+Holotype
+♂
+,
+Argentina
+,
+Salta Province
+, 73: W of
+General Güemes
+,
+Parque Nacional El Rey
+,
+
+10 Apr 1979
+
+,
+Mision Cientifica Danesa
+,
+USNM
+slide 154,803 (
+NHMD
+).
+
+
+
+
+Paratypes
+(
+2♀
+).
+Argentina
+:
+Salta Province
+: 73
+
+:
+
+W of
+General Güemes
+,
+Parque Nacional El Rey
+,
+
+10 Apr 1979
+
+, Mision Cientifica Danesa,
+USNM
+slide 154,803 (
+NHMD
+)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution and biology
+. This species is known only from the vicinity of General Güemes, Parque Nacional El Rey, in
+Salta Province
+,
+Argentina
+, at an elevation of about
+
+300 m
+.
+
+Specimens have been collected only in April.
+Etymology
+. The name
+
+divergens
+
+refers to highly modified male genitalia compared to those of its putative relative
+
+Razowskiina
+
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/62/6F/65/626F651B1868FF84FF38146AFAFBFDFF.xml b/data/62/6F/65/626F651B1868FF84FF38146AFAFBFDFF.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c72cd0fbc2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/62/6F/65/626F651B1868FF84FF38146AFAFBFDFF.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+
+
+
+New genera and species of tortricid moths from Chile and Argentina (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Brown, John W.
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+51
+90
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.2
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.2
+1175-5326
+14389841
+BEBB4D36-855E-4AD3-829D-A3B2B17B81B7
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Endemulia urrai
+Brown
+
+,
+new species
+
+
+
+
+LSIDurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
+E7AD4D85-4487-473E-B541-4827BE48D2DF
+
+
+
+
+(
+Figs. 14
+,
+34
+,
+46
+)
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis and remarks
+. Because
+
+Endemulia
+
+is described as monotypic, the diagnosis provided above will serve to distinguish this species from all other
+Euliina
+.
+
+
+
+
+Description
+. Head: Scales of vertex and frons dingy white; scales of labial palpus dingy white with ferruginous scales on outer surface, paler on inner surface; scaling of antenna pale tan on dorsum and venter.
+
+
+Thorax: Dorsum scaling mixed with ferruginous and cream scales. Legs unmodified in male, lacking hairpencil and secondary scaling. Forewing length 7.0‒8.0 mm (n = 4) in males, 8.0‒
+9.5 mm
+(n = 2) in females; forewing ground colour dingy white with sparse, scattered pale tan scales; faint pale brown patch in basal 0.2 of wing; faint, pale brown, rhomboidal patch from near mid-costa; ill-defined, oblique, subapical fascia extending from costa to hind margin somewhat parallel to termen; slender, short, dark, oblique dash before end of discal cell; fringe pale gray brown with darker brown spots. Underside nearly uniformly pale brown. Hindwing pale cream, variably and faintly mottled with pale brown, usually most dense in outer 0.5 of wing; male with a small pale yellow scent patch near lower margin of discal cell; fringe mostly concolorous with wing, but inner line of scales with occasional brown spots. Underside pale brown, male with pale yellow scent patch.
+
+
+Abdomen: Male genitalia (
+Fig. 34
+) as described for genus. Female genitalia (
+Fig. 46
+) as described for genus.
+
+
+Types
+.
+
+Holotype
+♂
+,
+Chile
+,
+Coquimbo Province
+,
+Fray Jorge National Park
+, ca.
+
+70 km
+W Ovalle
+
+, [
+-30.66250
+;
+-71.68278
+],
+
+6‒9 Nov 1981
+
+,
+D. Davis
+(
+USNM
+).
+
+
+
+
+Paratypes
+(
+3♂
+,
+3♀
+).
+Chile
+:
+Aconcagua Province
+:
+
+Cuesta El Melon
+
+, ca.
+
+8 km
+N La Calera
+
+,
+
+500 m
+
+,
+
+2‒3 Nov 1981
+
+(
+1♀
+),
+D. Davis
+(
+USNM
+)
+
+.
+
+Coquimbo Province
+:
+Fray Jorge National Park
+, ca.
+
+70 km
+W Ovalle
+
+,
+
+6‒9 Nov 1981
+
+(
+2♂
+,
+2♀
+),
+D. Davis
+(
+USNM
+)
+
+.
+
+Ñuble Province
+:
+Alto Tregualemu
+, ca.
+
+20 km
+SE Chovellen
+
+,
+
+500 m
+
+,
+
+1‒3 Dec 1981
+
+(
+1♂
+),
+D. Davis
+(
+USNM
+)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution and biology
+. This species is known from the Chilean provinces of Aconcagua,
+Coquimbo
+, and Ñuble, at an elevation of ca.
+
+500 m
+.
+
+The
+type
+locality of Fray Jorge National Park is known for supporting the northernmost Valdivian temperate rain forests. Specimens have been collected in November and December. The early stages are unknown.
+
+
+
+
+Etymology
+. The species name is a patronym for Francisco Urra, entomology curator at the Museo Nacional de Historia Natural,
+Chile
+, honoring his significant contributions to our knowledge of the
+Lepidoptera
+of
+Chile
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/62/6F/65/626F651B1869FF83FF38148FFB26FC2F.xml b/data/62/6F/65/626F651B1869FF83FF38148FFB26FC2F.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..07ffc3720b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/62/6F/65/626F651B1869FF83FF38148FFB26FC2F.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+
+
+
+New genera and species of tortricid moths from Chile and Argentina (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Brown, John W.
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+51
+90
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.2
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.2
+1175-5326
+14389841
+BEBB4D36-855E-4AD3-829D-A3B2B17B81B7
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Paratepa argentinana
+Brown
+
+,
+new species
+
+
+
+
+LSIDurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
+40B31ECA-D18F-4FD3-AA0D-C85B4E268184
+
+
+
+
+(
+Figs. 16
+,
+35
+,
+47
+)
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis
+.
+
+Paratepa argentinana
+
+is superficially nearly indistinguishable from
+
+P. ferruginea
+
+(
+Figs 15, 16
+). The male genitalia of the two are also very similar, but
+
+P. argentinana
+
+has a slightly longer phallus. In contrast, the female genitalia of the two species are very different. In
+
+P. ferruginea
+
+the sterigma is a rather simple lateral band, and the ductus bursae is narrower than the sterigma, strongly sclerotized nearly throughout its length, and well differentiated from the corpus bursae. In
+
+P. argentinana
+
+the sterigma has a pair of posteriorly-pointed processes laterally, and the ductus bursae is about as broad as the sterigma and undifferentiated from the corpus bursae.
+
+
+
+
+Description
+. Head: Scales of vertex and frons orange cream; length of labial palpus ca. 1.5 times diameter of compound eye, with orange cream scales on outer surface, paler on inner surface; scaling of antenna pale brown on dorsum; sensory setae extremely short in both sexes
+
+
+Thorax: Dorsum scaling orange cream. Male with typical euliine hairpencil from base of foreleg femur. Forewing length 5.0‒
+6.5 mm
+(n = 4), female slightly larger; forewing ground color cream, densely overscaled with orange brown; distinct brown dash extending obliquely outward from hind margin ca. 0.2 distance from base, terminating in a pointed tip near lower margin of discal cell; brown median fascia originating from costa ca. 0.6 distance from base, extending obliquely outward toward tornus, fading before reaching tornus; short, brown subapical blotch from costa; fringe ochreous cream. Hindwing pale grayish brown, fringe ocherous cream; frenulum with one spine in male, three in female.
+
+
+Abdomen: Male genitalia (
+Fig. 35
+) with uncus long, slender, from large, bell-shaped expansion of tegumen, curved in distal 0.4; socii long, pendant, densely and finely setose, with short digitate projection terminally from inner margin; gnathos arms slender with long, narrow terminal plate at junction; valva somewhat parallel-sided, moderately broad, costa unsclerotized, sacculus narrow, confined to ventral margin of basal 0.5 of valva; transtilla broad with a pair of submedian triangular process dorso-posteriorly; phallus relatively short, stout, curved near middle, with cluster of small external spines dorsally, vesica with scattered patches of tiny non-deciduous spicules. Female genitalia (
+Fig. 47
+) with papilla analis simple, ca. 4 times as long as wide; apophyses relatively short, slender, anteriores and posteriores ca. equal in length; sterigma short, broad, posterior margin broadly V-shaped medially, laterally with conspicuous horn-like, posteriorly-projecting processes, ostium wide; ductus bursae as wide as sterigma, sclerotized, with linear wrinkles, without distinct junction with corpus bursae; corpus bursae oblong, weakly bilobed laterally, signum lacking.
+
+
+Types
+.
+Holotype
+♂
+,
+Argentina
+, Misiones,
+Puerto Rico
+, [
+185 m
+],
+4‒8 Apr 1971
+, C. M. & O. S. Flint,
+USNM
+slide 154,858 (
+USNM
+).
+
+
+Paratypes
+(
+2♂
+,
+1♀
+).
+Argentina
+:
+Santa Fe
+:
+Santa Fe
+Arroyo Saladillo, [
+30 m
+],
+2 Apr 1971
+(
+1♀
+), C. M. & O. S. Flint,
+USNM
+slide 154,859 (
+USNM
+).
+Tucumán
+: Cerro San Javier, [
+1200 m
+],
+17 Feb 1959
+(
+1♂
+),
+18 Feb 1959
+(
+1♂
+), J. F. G. Clarke (
+USNM
+).
+
+
+
+
+Distribution and biology
+.
+
+Paratepa argentinana
+
+is known from
+the Argentine
+provinces of Misiones,
+Santa Fe
+, and
+Tucumán
+, from about
+30 to 1200 m
+elevation. The early stages are unknown.
+
+
+
+
+Etymology
+. The specific epithet refers to the country of the
+type
+locality—
+Argentina
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/62/6F/65/626F651B1869FF84FF381354FE42FA8F.xml b/data/62/6F/65/626F651B1869FF84FF381354FE42FA8F.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ffb0e13be6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/62/6F/65/626F651B1869FF84FF381354FE42FA8F.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+
+
+
+New genera and species of tortricid moths from Chile and Argentina (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Brown, John W.
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+51
+90
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.2
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.2
+1175-5326
+14389841
+BEBB4D36-855E-4AD3-829D-A3B2B17B81B7
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Paratepa
+Razowski and Becker, 2001
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Paratepa
+Razowski and Becker 2001: 106
+
+
+;
+
+Brown 2005: 476
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+species
+
+:
+
+Paratepa ferruginea
+Razowski and Becker, 2001
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis and remarks
+.
+
+Paratepa
+
+was described for the single new species
+
+P. ferruginea
+
+, which was based on a series of male and female specimens from
+Mato Grosso
+,
+Minas Gerais
+,
+Federal District
+,
+São Paulo
+,
+Paraná
+, and
+Santa Catarina
+,
+Brazil
+.
+Razowski and Becker (2001)
+provided illustrations of the male and female genitalia, but not the adult. Adults of
+
+Paratepa
+
+(
+Figs 15, 16
+) are nearly indistinguishable from those of the closely related
+
+Atepa
+Razowski, 1991
+
+, a Central America genus, but the forewing ground color in
+
+Paratepa
+
+is usually darker orange compared to the paler yellow orange in
+
+Atepa
+
+, and males of
+
+Paratepa
+
+possess a characteristic euliine hairpencil from the foreleg femur (
+Brown 1990
+) that is absent in
+
+Atepa
+
+. The two genera can be separated by features of the male and female genitalia. In the male genitalia of
+
+Atepa
+
+, the valvae are long and slender, with a conspicuously pointed apex and a broad sacculus (greater than half the width of the valva); and the transtilla has a pair of elongate, subbasal lobes (
+Razowski 1992
+: figs. 1‒4). In the male genitalia of
+
+Paratepa
+
+(
+Fig. 35
+), the valvae are broader with a rounded apex and a narrow sacculus; and the transtilla has a pair of short, submedian, triangular processes. The two genera share a short, broad phallus. The female genitalia of the two are similar, with the posterior portion of the ductus bursae (which is undifferentiated from the corpus bursae in
+
+P. argentinana
+
+) strongly sclerotized, and the anterior portion (along with the corpus bursae) membranous. The two can be separated by the deeply lobed posterior margin of the sterigma in
+
+Atepa
+
+(see Razowski 1991: figs. 5‒7).
+
+
+
+
+Distribution and biology
+. The genus is recorded from
+Brazil
+,
+Paraguay
+(
+USNM
+), and
+Argentina
+(see below). The early stages are unknown.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/62/6F/65/626F651B186AFF86FF381665FB63F907.xml b/data/62/6F/65/626F651B186AFF86FF381665FB63F907.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ea4b331dc2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/62/6F/65/626F651B186AFF86FF381665FB63F907.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,292 @@
+
+
+
+New genera and species of tortricid moths from Chile and Argentina (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Brown, John W.
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+51
+90
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.2
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.2
+1175-5326
+14389841
+BEBB4D36-855E-4AD3-829D-A3B2B17B81B7
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Chapoania dentigera
+Razowski, 1999
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+(
+Figs. 13
+,
+33
+,
+45
+)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Chapoania dentigera
+Razowski 1999a: 74
+
+
+;
+
+Brown 2005: 170
+
+;
+
+Razowski and Pelz 2010: 7
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Redescription
+. Head: Vertex and frons with pale gray scales mixed with pale reddish brown scales; length of labial palpus about 4 times diameter of compound eye in both sexes, pale reddish brown scales on outer surface, cream scales on inner surface; antenna in male weakly serrate, with sensory setae ca. 3 times width of flagellomere, antenna in female simple with sensory setae much shorter, sparser.
+
+
+Thorax: Dorsum and tegula with pale gray scales mixed with pale reddish brown scales; forewing length
+8.5‒11.5 mm
+(n = 5); forewing pattern fairly uniform, but intensity of markings variable, ground color from pale cinnamon brown to pale gray ocherous, slightly paler and tinged with pinkish along costa; finely dotted with brown along termen and at base, with larger spots along costa; brown to purplish brown, hook-shaped, oblique postbasal fascia from costa about 0.3 distance from base to apex, extending to ca. middle of discal cell, oblique postmedial fascia roughly parallel to latter, originating ca. 0.66 distance from base to apex, terminating beyond end of discal cell; faint, semicircular, subapical patch; fringe pale gray brown, cream in dorsal 0.5. Hindwing dingy white, slightly tinged with ocherous, with faint pale gray-brown mottling throughout; fringe pale gray in apical region, cream elsewhere.
+
+
+Abdomen: Dingy white-scaled throughout. Male genitalia (
+Fig. 33
+) with tegumen narrowed dorso-posteriorly, vinculum broadly U-shaped; uncus simple, rod-like, comparatively short, from slightly flattened dorso-posterior margin of tegumen; socius elongate, slender, hairy and scaled; gnathos complex, with lateral prominences and short, pointed terminal plate; transtilla a sclerotized bridge with slender median spine from slightly triangular broadened median portion; valva elongate, costa long, nearly straight, sacculus long, strongly sclerotized, confluent with ventral margin of valva in basal 0.5, ending in a long, free, terminal, strongly toothed process extending across face of valva; juxta with small dorsal process; phallus long, bent at ca. 100˚ angle in distal 0.33, with complex, bilobed, sclerotized tip; vesica lacking cornuti. Female genitalia (
+Fig. 45
+) with papillae anales rather slender, ca. 5 times as long as wide, apophyses slender, posteriores ca. 1.5 times as long as anteriores; sterigma complex, a somewhat broad, weakly undulate plate, densely spined throughout, with a small narrow furrow at median anterior margin, and a pair of slender, curved gaps sub-laterally; antrum bulbous, weakly sclerotized, with small hook-shaped process; corpus bursae elongate-ovate, membranous throughout, lacking spiculae and signum.
+
+
+Molecular characterization
+.
+Three specimens
+were sequenced but only one yielded data—a 407 bp portion of a “barcode” designated as BIN BOLD:AAH7377.
+
+
+
+
+Type
+.
+
+Holotype
+♂
+,
+Chile
+,
+Llanquihue
+[Province],
+Lago Chapo
+,
+
+1‒28 Feb 1983
+
+,
+malaise trap
+,
+Arrigada
+, slide 12117 (
+MNHNS
+).
+
+
+
+Additional material examined
+:
+Argentina
+:
+Neuquen
+: Lago Queñi,
+875 m
+,
+13 Jan 1984
+(
+1♀
+), M. Gentili (
+USNM
+).
+Chile
+: Cautín Province: Cerro Ñielol, Temuco,
+200 m
+,
+9 Feb 1979
+(
+1♂
+), D. & M. Davis & D. Akerbergs (
+USNM
+). Fundo el Colque,
+27 km
+NE Villarrica,
+500 m
+,
+28 Feb-1 Mar 1979
+(
+1♀
+), D. & M. Davis & D. Akerbergs (
+USNM
+). Chiloé Island: Puntra, ca. 30 air km S Ancul,
+21‒22 Dec 1981
+(
+1♂
+), D. Davis (
+USNM
+). Llanquihue Province: Hornohuinco,
+11 km
+SW Lago Chapo,
+300 m
+,
+29‒31 Dec 1981
+(
+3♂
+), D. Davis (
+USNM
+). El Chingue, N Correntoso, (S. Vin. Calbuco),
+300 m
+,
+20‒25 Jan 1980
+(
+1♀
+), L. Peña (
+USNM
+). Puerto Varas,
+5 Mar 1959
+(
+1♂
+) J. Clarke,
+USNM
+slide 68486 (
+USNM
+). Ñuble Province: Alto Tregualemu, ca.
+20 km
+SE Chovellen,
+500 m
+,
+1‒3 Dec 1981
+(
+5♂
+), D. Davis (
+USNM
+),
+10‒12 Jan 1988
+(
+1♂
+), L. Peña (
+USNM
+). Paso Garcia, ca,
+23 km
+NW Cauquenes,
+29‒30 Nov 1981
+, D. Davis (
+USNM
+). Osorno Province: P.N. Puyehue, Aguas Calientes to
+3 km
+W,
+600 m
+,
+12‒20 Dec 1981
+(
+1♂
+). P.N. Puyehue, Aguas Calientes to
+2 km
+S,
+600 m
+,
+10‒22 Feb 1979
+(
+1♂
+), D. & M. Davis & D. Akerbergs (
+USNM
+). Temuco Province: Fundo Chacamo, Acamo,
+35 km
+NW Nueva Imperial,
+600 m
+,
+5‒8 Dec 1981
+(
+1♂
+,
+1♀
+), D. Davis,
+USNM
+slide 88635 (
+USNM
+). Valdivia Province: Rincon de Piedra, ca.
+20 km
+SE Valdivia,
+30 m
+,
+24‒25 Feb 1979
+(
+1♂
+), D. & M. Davis & D. Akerbergs (
+USNM
+).
+
+
+
+
+Distribution and biology
+.
+
+Chapoania dentigera
+
+is widely distributed in Central
+Chile
+from about
+30 to 600 m
+elevation; it is recorded from Cautín, Chiloe, Llanquihue, Ñuble, Osorno, Temuco, and Valdivia provinces. It has also been recorded from
+Neuquén Province
+,
+Argentina
+, at
+875 m
+elevation. Collection records extend from late November to late February, with a single record from March. The early stages remain unknown.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/62/6F/65/626F651B186AFF87FF3811A3FB47FB23.xml b/data/62/6F/65/626F651B186AFF87FF3811A3FB47FB23.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..482afd207db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/62/6F/65/626F651B186AFF87FF3811A3FB47FB23.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+
+
+
+New genera and species of tortricid moths from Chile and Argentina (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Brown, John W.
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+51
+90
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.2
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.2
+1175-5326
+14389841
+BEBB4D36-855E-4AD3-829D-A3B2B17B81B7
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Gnatheulia flava
+Brown
+
+,
+new species
+
+
+
+
+LSIDurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
+28E2BE35-3ADC-41EA-B0DF-66DD74A4192E
+
+
+
+
+(
+Figs. 12
+,
+32
+)
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis and remarks
+. Superficially,
+
+G. flava
+
+is extremely similar to
+
+G. gnathocera
+
+, from which it is only weakly distinguished by the absence of the faint submedian and postmedial lines (
+Fig. 12
+). Because both species are represented by a single male
+holotype
+, the consistency of this difference is uncertain. The male genitalia of
+
+G. flava
+
+are likewise very similar to those of
+
+G. gnathocera
+
+, but the tegumen is narrower; the lateral processes of the gnathos are more angled in their distal one-third; the apically-joined median plate of the gnathos arms is slightly longer and more rounded distally; and the transtilla is apparently absent.
+
+
+
+
+Description
+. Head: Scales of vertex and frons yellow; scales of labial palpus mostly yellow ocherous on outer surface, paler on inner surface; scaling of antenna yellow on dorsum, cream on venter.
+
+
+Thorax: Dorsum and tegula with bright yellow scales. Forewing length
+8.5 mm
+(n = 1); apex conspicuously falcate; forewing ground color bright yellow; a narrow line of brown scales along basal 0.1 of costa, with similarly colored, distinct, subtriangular blotch near mid-costa, and narrow brown line along termen from apex to ca. CuA
+2
+; faint, brown, rounded blotch from near middle of hind margin, slightly larger than costal blotch, but much fainter; short, narrow, ill-defined, jagged line near distal end of discal cell; fringe brown from apex to CuA
+2
+, yellow from CuA
+2
+to tornus. Underside yellow ocherous. Hindwing pale cream, slightly darker around periphery; fringe cream, without dark basal line. Underside pale grayish cream.
+
+
+Abdomen: Male genitalia (
+Fig. 32
+) with uncus short, subtriangular; socius comparatively short, ovate, pendant, densely clothed in fine hairs; gnathos with pair of long, somewhat angled, apically-pointed, lateral processes; median plate of joined gnathos arms short-digitate, slightly dilated and rounded apically; transtilla absent or membranous [lost in slide mounted preparation?]; valva simple, nearly parallel-sided, with conspicuous rounded process at base of costa, upturned in apical 0.2; sacculus simple, restricted to basal 0.2 of venter of valva, lacking free distal process; phallus long, slender, attenuate and pointed apically, slightly bent in basal 0.4; vesica lacking cornuti. Female genitalia unknown.
+
+
+
+
+Type
+.
+Holotype
+♂
+,
+Argentina
+,
+Tucumán
+, Ciudad Universitaria,
+17 Feb 1959
+, J. Clarke,
+USNM
+slide 69,265 (
+USNM
+).
+
+
+
+
+Distribution and biology
+. This species is known only from the
+holotype
+from
+Tucumán
+,
+Argentina
+. The biology in unknown.
+
+
+
+
+Etymology
+. The specific epithet
+“flava
+” refers to the bright yellow coloration of the forewing.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/62/6F/65/626F651B186AFF87FF381423FE95F8E6.xml b/data/62/6F/65/626F651B186AFF87FF381423FE95F8E6.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fde95a13923
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/62/6F/65/626F651B186AFF87FF381423FE95F8E6.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+
+
+
+New genera and species of tortricid moths from Chile and Argentina (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Brown, John W.
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+51
+90
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.2
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.2
+1175-5326
+14389841
+BEBB4D36-855E-4AD3-829D-A3B2B17B81B7
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Chapoania
+Razowski, 1999
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Chapoania
+Razowski 1999a: 74
+
+
+;
+
+Brown 2005: 170
+
+;
+
+Razowski and Pelz 2010: 6
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+species
+
+.
+
+Chapoania dentigera
+Razowski, 1999
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Remarks and Diagnosis
+.
+Razowski (1999a)
+described
+
+Chapoania
+
+to accommodate the single species
+
+C. dentigera
+
+, described from a
+holotype
+male collected at Lago Chapo,
+Chile
+. The genus has remained monotypic since, and the
+holotype
+the only reported specimen. According to
+Razowski (1999a)
+, “The genus is probably closest to
+
+Helicteulia
+Razowski, 1988
+
+erected for Bolivian
+
+H. heos
+Razowski, 1988
+
+but differs from it in the long pedunculi, very short coecum penis, shape of the valva etc. Its probable autapomorphies are the shape of terminal part of tegumen, the enormous distal part of the sacculus and the strongly spined anellus resembling that in the
+Chlidanotini
+.”
+Razowski (1999a)
+provided an exceptionally accurate drawing of the male genitalia, but did not illustrate the adult or provide a description of the female, which was unavailable to him. Hence, those features are provided here.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/62/6F/65/626F651B186BFF85FF38161EFA89FAEB.xml b/data/62/6F/65/626F651B186BFF85FF38161EFA89FAEB.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0341d09828f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/62/6F/65/626F651B186BFF85FF38161EFA89FAEB.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+
+
+
+New genera and species of tortricid moths from Chile and Argentina (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Brown, John W.
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+51
+90
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.2
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.2
+1175-5326
+14389841
+BEBB4D36-855E-4AD3-829D-A3B2B17B81B7
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Endemulia
+Brown
+
+,
+new genus
+
+
+
+
+LSIDurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
+72968E15-C869-40EF-83FE-EDF63BE797E4
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+species
+
+:
+
+Endemulia urrai
+Brown
+
+,
+new species
+.
+
+
+
+
+Remarks and Diagnosis
+.
+
+Endemulia
+
+is described for a single new species that is superficially somewhat similar to
+
+Accuminulia
+
+but with male genitalia similar to those of
+
+Chapoania
+
+. In forewing length and pattern,
+
+Endemulia urrai
+
+is reminiscent of
+
+Accuminula buscki
+Brown
+
+, with rather ill-defined pattern elements of gray and pale brown on a paler ground color, and a slender, short, dark, oblique dash near the end of the discal cell. However, the genitalia show little similarities to those of
+
+A. buscki
+
+. Instead, the long, free, spiny, terminal end of the sacculus is similar to that of
+
+Chapoania
+
+, to which I initially assumed the species should be assigned. However, adults of
+
+Endemulia
+
+are dissimilar to those of
+
+Chapoania
+
+in forewing length and pattern (
+Figs. 13, 14
+), and in the female genitalia (
+Figs. 45, 46
+). Hence, a new genus is proposed for this species.
+
+
+
+
+Description
+. Head: Vertex rough-scaled, scales directed anteriorly; upper frons rough-scaled, scales of lower frons shorter, more appressed to surface; antenna ca. 0.5 length of forewing, simple, with one row of scales per flagellomere, sensory setae ca. 0.5 times width of flagellomere in male, antenna more slender in female, with shorter and sparser sensory setae; ocellus small; chaetosemata present; labial palpus with scaling expanded distally on second segment, third segment exposed, combined length of all segments ca. 2.5 times diameter of compound eye in both sexes. Haustellum well developed, presumably functional.
+
+
+Thorax: Dorsum smooth-scaled, metathoracic tuft present. Legs unmodified, without hairpencil or other male secondary scales. Forewing length 7.0‒8.0 mm (n = 4) in males, 8.0‒
+9.5 mm
+(n = 2) in females, length ca. 2.4 times width, slightly expanded apically; costa slightly and evenly arched throughout, male costal fold absent; termen straight, oblique; all veins present and separate, chorda absent, M-stem present, R
+4
+to costa, R
+5
+to termen. Hindwing with all veins present and separate; CuP weak at margin; male with short, slender patch of secondary scales along lower margin of discal cell in basal 0.5 of underside of wing; frenulum with one bristle in male, three in female.
+
+
+Abdomen: Male genitalia (
+Fig. 34
+) with tegumen slightly narrowed dorso-posteriorly, vinculum U-shaped; uncus simple, rod-like, curved subbasally, with a pair of long, slender, straight setae from dorsum subbasally; socius sclerotized basally into a bilobed process with membranous, hairy portion between lobes; gnathos arms joined at 0.5 length into slender, apically pointed terminal plate, with fine spines from venter; transtilla with subtriangular, tonguelike, strongly spined, median process; valva comparatively short, costa nearly straight, sacculus strongly sclerotized, confluent with ventral margin of valva in basal 0.5, terminating in a long, free, sightly curved, densely spined process extending across face of valva; juxta a subtriangular plate; phallus relatively short and stout, slightly curved ventrad in distal 0.2 with pointed ventral tip; vesica with linear patch of 10‒12 short, non-deciduous cornuti. Female genitalia (
+Fig. 46
+) with papillae anales rather slender, ca. 4.5 times as long as wide, apophyses slender, posteriores ca. 2 times as long as anteriores; segment eight with a pair of sclerotized triangular plates with apices approaching midline of venter; sterigma complex, with two paired sublateral arms, each pair joined mesally by a semicircular plate in parallel fashion; ductus bursae broad, strongly sclerotized, slightly shorter than corpus bursae, gradually broadening into corpus bursae; corpus bursae with numerous parallel wrinkles throughout; signum absent.
+
+
+
+
+Etymology
+. The genus name is a combination of the words “endemic” and the genus name “
+Eulia
+.”
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/62/6F/65/626F651B186CFF8EFF3817AEFB7FFD17.xml b/data/62/6F/65/626F651B186CFF8EFF3817AEFB7FFD17.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..27f1a8d44e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/62/6F/65/626F651B186CFF8EFF3817AEFB7FFD17.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,289 @@
+
+
+
+New genera and species of tortricid moths from Chile and Argentina (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Brown, John W.
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+51
+90
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.2
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.2
+1175-5326
+14389841
+BEBB4D36-855E-4AD3-829D-A3B2B17B81B7
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Silenoides
+Brown
+
+,
+new genus
+
+
+
+
+LSIDurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
+584C69D0-A32F-4605-8A8D-FA2F77755BBB
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+species
+
+:
+
+Silenoides divergens
+Brown
+
+,
+new species
+.
+
+
+
+
+Remarks and Diagnosis
+.
+
+Silenoides
+
+appears to be most closely related to
+
+Razowskiina
+Kemal & Kocak, 2005
+
+(a replacement name for
+
+Silenis
+Razowski, 1987
+
+). It shares with a few species of that genus (e.g.,
+
+R. senilis
+Razowski
+
+) a similar forewing pattern, including a pair of very narrow lines extending obliquely from near mid-costa to the tornus that represent the inner and outer margins of the median fascia, and a blotch from the hind margin near the base of the wing. The male genitalia of
+
+Silenoides
+
+share several features with those of
+
+Razowskiina
+
+, including a somewhat parallel-sided valva; a long, free, apically-pointed termination of the sacculus; and a large cornutus in the vesica of the phallus. The most conspicuous character uniting the two genera is the presence of an elongate process from mid-dorsum of the juxta at the point of articulation with the phallus.
+
+
+Superficially,
+
+Silenoides
+
+can be distinguished from
+
+Razowskiina
+
+by its slightly longer forewing length, and by the pale gray forewing ground color with a distinctive triangular basal blotch (
+Fig. 18
+). The female genitalia of
+
+S. divergens
+
+lack the characteristic strongly sclerotized, cup-like antrum and the band-shaped, spiny sclerites of the corpus bursae of
+
+Razowskiina
+
+, the latter of which are somewhat reminiscent of those of
+
+Inape
+Razowski.
+
+The male genitalia of
+
+Silenoides
+
+are highly divergent from those
+
+Razowskiina
+
+, with the uncus absent (well developed in
+
+Razowskiina
+
+), the gnathos reduced (well developed in
+
+Razowskiina
+
+), and the transtilla simple and slender (usually somewhat broadly bilobed medially in
+
+Razowskiina
+
+).
+
+
+
+
+FIGURES 21‒28.
+Male genitalia of tortricid species from Chile and Argentina. 21.
+
+Terifrona fronteria
+, USNM
+
+slide 145,517. 22.
+
+Transtilliana biloba
+, USNM
+
+slide 154,846. 23.
+
+Vargasia karsholti
+, Horak
+
+slide GP 733. 24.
+
+Hamiamia trancasiana
+, USNM
+
+slide 92,490. 25.
+
+Varifula fulvaria
+, USNM
+
+slide 154,848. 26.
+
+Varifula geomops
+, USNM
+
+slide 68,492. 27.
+
+Proeulia
+hasta
+
+, furca attached to phallus,
+USNM
+slide 154,802. 28.
+
+Proeulia
+hasta
+
+, furca in situ,
+USNM
+slide 81,233.
+
+
+
+
+FIGURES 29‒36.
+Male genitalia of tortricid species from Chile and Argentina. 29.
+
+Proeulia razowskii
+, USNM
+
+slide 154,814. 30.
+
+Proeulia razowskii
+
+, phallus,
+USNM
+slide 154,814. 31.
+
+Strophotina samara
+, USNM
+
+slide 82,064. 32.
+
+Gnatheulia flava
+, USNM
+
+slide 69,265. 33.
+
+Chapoania dentigera
+, USNM
+
+slide 88,635. 34.
+
+Endemulia urrai
+, USNM
+
+slide 154,830. 35.
+
+
+
+Paratepa argentinana
+, USNM
+
+slide 154,858. 36.
+
+Galomecalpa decolorana
+, USNM
+
+slide 154,867.
+
+
+
+
+Description
+. Head: Vertex rough-scaled, scales directed anteriorly; upper frons rough-scaled, scales of lower frons shorter, sparser; antenna ca. 0.5 length of forewing, weakly serrate, with one row of scales per flagellomere, sensory setae ca. 0.1 times width of flagellomere in both sexes; ocellus small; chaetosemata present; labial palpus with scaling expanded medially on second segment, third segment exposed, combined length of all segments ca. 2 times diameter of compound eye in both sexes. Haustellum well developed, presumably functional.
+
+
+Thorax: Dorsum smooth-scaled, metathoracic tuft weak. Legs with rudiment of euliine hairpencil (only a few setae present, possibly damaged). Forewing length
+6.5 mm
+(n = 1) in male, 9.0 mm (n = 2) in female, length ca. 2.3 times width, slightly expanded apically; costa slightly and evenly arched throughout, male costal fold absent; termen straight, oblique; all veins present and separate, chorda absent, M-stem present, R
+4
+to costa, R
+5
+to termen. Hindwing with all veins present and separate; CuP weak at margin; frenulum with one bristle in male, three in female.
+
+
+Abdomen: Male genitalia (
+Fig. 38
+) with tegumen rounded dorso-posteriorly, vinculum V-shaped; uncus reduced to tiny triangular process; socius short, hairy, lobelike; gnathos arms greatly reduced, extremely short, slender, lacking median plate; transtilla a slender lateral band lacking spines; valva slender, broadest at base, abruptly narrowed ca. 0.3 from base, distal 0.7 nearly parallel-sided, only weakly attenuate to rounded apex, costa straight, sacculus broad basally, attenuate distally, terminating in a long, free, curved tip; juxta a subtriangular plate; phallus long, slightly curved near middle, phallobase rounded; vesica with single cornutus adjacent to narrow sclerotized plate ca. 0.6 length of phallus. Female genitalia (
+Fig. 49
+) with papillae anales rather slender, ca. 4 times as long as wide, with long setae from small papillate lobes; apophyses slender, posteriores only slightly shorter than anteriores; sterigma a simple broadly U-shaped band; ductus bursae broad, sclerotized throughout, ca. 0.35 length of corpus bursae, gradually broadening into corpus bursae; corpus bursae ovoid, with ill-defined pouch on left side near junction with ductus bursae (several patches of short striae likely fungal artefact); signum absent.
+
+
+
+
+Etymology
+. The genus name refers to the original, preoccupied name of the genus—
+
+Silenis
+
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/62/6F/65/626F651B186FFF81FF381496FE51FCDF.xml b/data/62/6F/65/626F651B186FFF81FF381496FE51FCDF.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7f90462891f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/62/6F/65/626F651B186FFF81FF381496FE51FCDF.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+
+
+
+New genera and species of tortricid moths from Chile and Argentina (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Brown, John W.
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+51
+90
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.2
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.2
+1175-5326
+14389841
+BEBB4D36-855E-4AD3-829D-A3B2B17B81B7
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Galomecalpa decolorana
+Brown
+
+,
+new species
+
+
+
+
+LSIDurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
+5961A957-7CB8-43EF-A34F-FE9E6959670A
+
+
+
+
+(
+Figs. 17
+,
+36
+)
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis and remarks
+. Whereas nearly all species of
+
+Galomecalpa
+
+have a distinct and similar forewing pattern featuring a bold, dark brown, triangular patch from the costa and a distinct dark basal patch, both of these forewing pattern elements are absent, or at least weakly developed, in
+
+G. decolorana
+
+. Instead, the forewing of
+
+G. decolorana
+
+is rather mottled with a faint darker region in the basal 0.25 and a rather ill-defined, pale, subtriangular blotch from the costa (
+Fig. 17
+). The male genitalia lack the pointed spine-like process that represents the termination of the sacculus that is present in all but
+
+G. meridana
+Razowski and Brown
+
+and
+
+G. concolor
+Razowski and Pelz
+
+, both of which have a forewing pattern typical of other
+
+Galomecalpa
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Description
+. Male. Head: Scales of vertex and frons brownish copper to rust; labial palpus upturned, length ca. 1.3 times diameter of compound eye, with pale brown scales on outer surface, cream on inner surface; scaling of antenna pale brown on dorsum, length of sensory setae about equal to width of flagellomere.
+
+Thorax: Dorsum scaling brownish copper, paler posteriorly, metathoracic tuft absent. Legs unmodified, without hairpencil or other male secondary scales. Forewing length 8.0 mm (n = 1); forewing ground color pale cream, with sparse, irregular, pale brown mottling and streaks throughout, except in terminal area; mottling densest in basal 0.3 creating a faint basal patch; ill-defined, pale brown subtriangular patch from costa ca. 0.4‒0.7 distance from base to apex, with a few blackish specks near apex of triangle; a nearly straight, pale brown line extending from pretornal area of hind margin toward apex, bifurcating and curving inward beyond mid-termen; terminal region white; a small brown dot in apex; fringe white. Hindwing pale cream with faint, sparse, pale gray mottling; fringe pale cream; frenulum with one spine.
+
+Abdomen. Genitalia (
+Fig. 36
+) with tegumen attenuate dorso-posteriorly, vinculum broadly subquadrate; uncus long, uniform in width throughout; socii long, extending well beyond terminal plate of gnathos arms; gnathos arms gently curved, weakly notched immediately before short, pointed, terminal plate; transtilla with broad, weakly sclerotized medial plate; valva broad basally with ventral margin strongly undulate forming deeply convex sacculus, ending in broad ventral lobe beyond middle of valva lacking a terminal spine, apical portion of valva somewhat parallel-sided, rounded distally; phallus, long, slender, curved at termination of phallobase and in distal 0.2, otherwise straight, vesica lacking conspicuous cornuti.
+
+Female unknown.
+
+
+
+Type
+.
+Holotype
+♂
+,
+Argentina
+,
+Tucumán
+, Ciudad Universitaria,
+800 m
+,
+20 Feb 1959
+, J. F. G. Clarke,
+USNM
+slide 154,867 (
+USNM
+).
+
+
+
+
+Distribution and biology
+.
+
+Galomecalpa decolorana
+
+is known only from the
+holotype
+male collected in
+Tucumán
+,
+Argentina
+, considerably farther south than any of its described congeners. The early stages are unknown.
+
+
+
+
+Etymology
+. The specific epithet is from the Latin “decolor” or faded, and refers to the comparatively subdued forewing pattern of this species.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/62/6F/65/626F651B1871FF9CFF3811A3FB70FB20.xml b/data/62/6F/65/626F651B1871FF9CFF3811A3FB70FB20.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ec2738d02e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/62/6F/65/626F651B1871FF9CFF3811A3FB70FB20.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+
+
+
+New genera and species of tortricid moths from Chile and Argentina (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Brown, John W.
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+51
+90
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.2
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.2
+1175-5326
+14389841
+BEBB4D36-855E-4AD3-829D-A3B2B17B81B7
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Varifula geomops
+Brown
+
+,
+new species
+
+
+
+
+LSIDurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
+E6BD94A1-FBB5-4335-8361-4DF7E50761A5
+
+
+
+
+(
+Figs. 8
+,
+26
+)
+
+
+
+
+Remarks and diagnosis
+.
+
+Varifula geomops
+
+was originally recognized by Nicolas Obraztsov as an undescribed species, and he placed it in his manuscript genus “Apoeulia” (in 1964 based on specimen labels), long before Razowski’s description of
+
+Varifula
+
+. In comparison to
+
+V. fulvaria
+
+, the forewing is conspicuously shorter in length and has a more reticulated pattern. In the male genitalia of
+
+Varifula geomops
+
+, the transtilla has a larger folded median region with a broadly U-shaped ventral margin; the valvae are more parallel-sided throughout; and the termination of the sacculus is indicated by a small angle at the ventral margin of the valva, which is lacking in
+
+V. fulvaria
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Description
+. Head: Scales of vertex and frons cream; scales of labial palpus mostly cream on outer and inner surface; scaling of antenna cream.
+
+
+Thorax: Dorsum scaling cream. Forewing length
+9.5 mm
+(n = 2); ground color pale cream, faintly reticulated throughout with pale gold-brown scales, densest in distal 0.5 of wing, creating faint, narrow, incomplete, median and terminal fasciae; fringe pale cream. Underside brownish cream, darker than upperside, reticulated throughout. Hindwing concolorous with forewing, with faint, pale gold-brown mottling; fringe cream. Underside dingy white with pale gray mottling.
+
+
+Abdomen: Male genitalia (
+Fig. 26
+) with rod-like uncus; socius moderately long, pendant, densely clothes in fine hairs; gnathos well defined with pointed terminal plate representing the fusion of the lateral arms; transtilla with conspicuous, subrectangular folded region medially with a broadly U-shaped concavity, and with irregular rows of tiny spines; valva mostly parallel-sided from base to ca. distal 0.1; weakly upcurved, sacculus a simple, linear, sclerotized region along venter of basal 0.4 of valva, with a small angle at its distal termination, lacking a free distal process; phallus comparative large, robust, rather short; vesica with tiny patch of 10–12 extremely small non-deciduous cornuti. Female genitalia unknown.
+
+
+Types
+.
+
+Holotype
+♂
+,
+Chile
+,
+Maule Region
+,
+Chovellén
+,
+
+5 Dec 1953
+
+,
+L. Peña
+(
+USNM
+).
+
+
+
+
+Paratype
+(
+1♂
+).
+Chile
+:
+Maule Region
+:
+Chovellén
+,
+
+5 Dec 1953
+
+,
+L. Peña
+(
+USNM
+)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution and biology
+.
+
+Varifula geomops
+
+is known only from the
+type
+locality in the
+Maule Region
+of
+Chile
+, at an elevation of about
+
+75 m
+.
+
+Nothing is known of the life history.
+
+
+
+
+Etymology
+. This species was originally recognized as distinct by Nicholas Obraztsov, who used the name “Apoeulia geomops” on its genitalia slide label. Hence, it seems fitting to adopt his species name.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/62/6F/65/626F651B1871FF9CFF381423FB43F84F.xml b/data/62/6F/65/626F651B1871FF9CFF381423FB43F84F.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1734b89fc4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/62/6F/65/626F651B1871FF9CFF381423FB43F84F.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+
+
+
+New genera and species of tortricid moths from Chile and Argentina (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Brown, John W.
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+51
+90
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.2
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.2
+1175-5326
+14389841
+BEBB4D36-855E-4AD3-829D-A3B2B17B81B7
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Proeulia
+Clarke, 1962
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Proeulia
+Clarke 1962: 293
+
+
+,
+
+1965: 71
+
+,
+
+1980: 182
+
+;
+
+Obraztsov 1964: 183
+
+; Gonzáles 1981a: 15, 1981b: 35;
+
+Campos
+et al.
+1981:
+
+
+
+
+246;
+Alvarez and Gonzáles 1982: 75
+;
+Razowski 1988: 408
+, 1995: 271, 1999a: 74;
+Brown 1989: 319
+;
+Brown and Passoa
+
+
+
+
+1998: 8;
+Cubillos Vallejos 2011: 1
+;
+Cepeda and González 2015: 5
+;
+Cepeda and Curkovic 2020: 493
+;
+
+Flores
+et al.
+2021: 1
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+species
+
+:
+
+Eulia robinsoni
+Aurivillius, 1922
+
+, by original designation.
+
+
+
+
+Remarks and diagnosis
+.
+
+Proeulia
+
+has been characterized in numerous studies (e.g.,
+Clarke 1962
+,
+Razowski 1995
+,
+Razowski and Pelz 2010
+), so there is no need to repeat the morphological details of the genus here. It currently includes 42 described species (including those described herein) plus numerous undescribed species in collections worldwide (e.g.,
+USNM
+, NHMD). Although the forewing pattern of most species is fairly characteristic of the genus, several
+
+Proeulia
+species
+
+deviate significantly from this general pattern, but are included convincingly in the genus based on morphological features of the male and/or female genitalia. Illustrations of the male and female of most species can be found in
+Razowski and Pelz (2010)
+.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution and Biology.
+
+Proeulia
+
+appears to be restricted to
+Chile
+and
+Argentina
+; there is a single species from
+Bolivia
+that likely is not congeneric. The larvae of several species (e.g.,
+
+P. auraria
+(Clarke)
+
+,
+
+P. chrysopteris
+(Butler)
+
+,
+
+P. triquetra
+Obraztsov
+
+have shifted from native hosts to crop plants and have become important agricultural pests of grapes, pears, oranges, kiwis, and many stone fruits (e.g., Gonzáles 1981a, 1981b, 1986, 1989;
+Alvarez & Gonzáles 1982
+;
+
+Campos
+et al.
+1981
+
+;
+González & Curkovic 1994
+;
+Brown & Passoa 1998
+;
+Cubillos Vallejos 2011
+;
+Cepeda & Cubillos 2011
+;
+Cepeda & González 2015
+;
+Cepeda & Curkovic 2020
+;
+
+Flores
+et al.
+2021
+
+).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/62/6F/65/626F651B1872FF9FFF381548FBFCF817.xml b/data/62/6F/65/626F651B1872FF9FFF381548FBFCF817.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4921424c9f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/62/6F/65/626F651B1872FF9FFF381548FBFCF817.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+
+
+
+New genera and species of tortricid moths from Chile and Argentina (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Brown, John W.
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+51
+90
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.2
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.2
+1175-5326
+14389841
+BEBB4D36-855E-4AD3-829D-A3B2B17B81B7
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Hamiamia trancasiana
+(
+Razowski and Pelz, 2010
+)
+
+,
+new combination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+(
+Figs. 6
+,
+24
+,
+43
+)
+
+
+
+
+
+Varifulva
+
+
+trancasiana
+Razowski and Pelz, 2010: 21
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis
+. Superficially,
+
+H. trancasiana
+
+is slightly reminiscent of
+
+Acmanthina acmanthes
+
+, but only because the forewing maculation features alternating areas of white and dark scales.
+
+Hamiamia trancasiana
+
+is distinguished from all other
+Euliina
+by the well-defined areas of snow white ground color between the irregular brown fascia of the forewing. The female genitalia resemble those of
+
+Varifula fulvaria
+
+. However, the long, strongly attenuate anterior portion of the corpus bursae is unique in the tribe.Additional diagnostic features are given in the diagnosis of the genus above.
+
+
+
+
+Redescription
+. Head: Scales of vertex and frons ferruginous and cream; scales of labial palpus mostly ferruginous on outer surface, paler on inner surface; scaling of antenna brown on dorsum, cream on venter.
+
+Thorax: Dorsum mixed with ferruginous, pale brown, and cream scales. Forewing length 8.5‒9.0 mm (n = 2); forewing ground color snow white; large brown blotch in basal 0.2 of wing; irregular brown median fascia broadest medially, outer margin convex near middle, often with white scales sparsely scattered throughout; subterminal fascia extending from costa ca. 0.8 distance from wing base, to termen; termen with a few scattered white spots; fringe more or less concolorous with ground color. Underside pale gray brown with trace of upperside pattern. Hindwing pale grey-brown; fringe concolorous with wing.
+
+Abdomen: Male genitalia (
+Fig. 24
+) as described for genus. Female genitalia (
+Fig. 43
+) as described for genus.
+
+
+
+
+Type
+.
+
+Holotype
+♀
+,
+Chile
+,
+Ñuble Province
+,
+
+2 km
+N Las Trancas
+
+,
+
+70 km
+E Chillan
+
+,
+
+1400 m
+
+,
+36º54’S
+,
+71º28’W
+,
+
+14 Jan 2001
+
+,
+C. Gielis
+& H. v. d.
+Wolf
+, slide
+V. P.
+1192 (
+VPC
+).
+
+
+
+Additional material examined
+(
+1♂
+,
+1♀
+).
+
+Chile
+:
+Ñuble Province
+:
+Las Trancas
+,
+
+21 km
+E Recinto
+
+, near high waterfall,
+
+1300 m
+
+,
+
+17 Jan 1979
+
+(
+1♂
+,
+1♀
+),
+M. & D. Davis
+&
+B. Akerbergs
+(
+USNM
+)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution and biology
+. This species is known only from the vicinity of Las Trancas in Ñuble Province,
+Chile
+, at elevations of
+1300‒1400 m
+. Specimens have been collected only in January.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/62/6F/65/626F651B1873FF9EFF3811A3FA82F880.xml b/data/62/6F/65/626F651B1873FF9EFF3811A3FA82F880.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ea608bd385e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/62/6F/65/626F651B1873FF9EFF3811A3FA82F880.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+
+
+
+New genera and species of tortricid moths from Chile and Argentina (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Brown, John W.
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+51
+90
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.2
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.2
+1175-5326
+14389841
+BEBB4D36-855E-4AD3-829D-A3B2B17B81B7
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Varifula
+Razowski, 1995
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Varifula
+
+:
+
+Razowski 1995: 279
+
+;
+
+Brown 2005: 601
+
+;
+
+Razowski and Pelz 2010: 21
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Proeulia
+
+(in part):
+
+Brown 1989: 519
+
+;
+
+
+Powell
+et al.
+1995: 145
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+species
+
+.
+
+Tortrix fulvaria
+Blanchard, 1852
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Remarks and Diagnosis
+. The type species of
+
+Varifula
+
+,
+
+T. fulvaria
+
+, had lingered in “
+
+Tortrix
+
+” since its original description by Blanchard in 1852 until
+Brown (1989)
+transferred its putative synonym,
+
+Oenectra dives
+Butler, 1883
+
+, to
+
+Proeulia
+
+.
+Brown (1989)
+could not confirm the species synonymy (which was based on the card file at the NHMUK), and indicated that its assignment to
+
+Proeulia
+
+was provisional because several features of the male genitalia (i.e., a spined transtilla, weakly dentate gnathos, and absence of cornuti) were fairly divergent from those of other
+
+Proeulia
+
+, either representing autapomorphies for the species, or evidence that a new genus was required for
+
+dives
+
+. The
+holotype
+of
+
+dives
+
+is a female, and a single male (NHMUK) was associated by facies.
+
+Powell
+et al.
+(1995)
+
+followed that generic assignment, but retained
+
+fulvaria
+
+and
+
+dives
+
+as separate species. After examining a few additional specimens from
+Chile
+, including both sexes,
+Razowski (1995)
+proposed the synonymy of the two and described the monotypic genus
+
+Varifula
+
+to accommodate
+
+fulvaria
+
+and its synonym
+
+dives
+
+.
+
+
+Razowski (1995)
+concluded that the shape of the gnathos and transtilla in the male genitalia (
+Razowski 1995
+: figs. 11, 12), and the absence of a ventral plate in the corpus bursae of the female genitalia (
+Razowski 1995
+: fig. 16) were apomorphies for the genus. He further distinguished it from the related
+
+Proeulia
+
+by the presence of a small patch of tiny cornuti in the vesica; in
+
+Proeulia
+
+the vesica usually harbors one to six very long cornuti.
+Razowski and Pelz (2010)
+subsequently described a second species in the genus (
+
+V
+.
+trancasiana
+
+) from a single female, based on similarities of the female genitalia to those of
+
+V. fulvaria
+
+. However, the discovery of the male of
+
+V
+.
+trancasiana
+
+provides convincing evidence that the two species are not congeneric, and a new genus is described for the latter species above. Since the work of
+Razowski and Pelz (2010)
+, a long series of
+
+V. fulvaria
+
+has become available for examination (NHMD). Based on that material, I redescribe
+
+Varifula
+
+below, and add a new species.
+
+
+
+
+Redescription
+. Head: Vertex rough-scaled, with scales directed anteriorly, a pair of somewhat fan-shaped scale patches subdorsally at posterior margin of head; scales of upper frons rough, scales of lower frons shorter, more appressed to surface of frons; antenna about 0.5 length of forewing, weakly serrate, with one row of scales per flagellomere, sensory setae ca. 0.6 times width of flagellomere in male, shorter and sparser in female; ocellus tiny; chaetosemata present; labial palpus with scaling expanded distally on second segment, third segment long, exposed, combined length of all segments 4‒5 times diameter of compound eye.
+
+
+Thorax: Dorsum smooth-scaled, metathoracic tuft absent. Legs unmodified, without hairpencil or other male secondary scales. Forewing length ca. 2.6 times width, expanded apically; costa evenly convex throughout, male costal fold absent; termen straight, slightly oblique; all veins present and separate, chorda absent, M-stem present, R
+4
+to costa, R
+5
+to termen. Hindwing with all veins present and separate; CuP weak at margin; M
+3
+and CuA
+1
+connate; frenulum with one bristle in male, three in female.
+
+
+Abdomen: Male genitalia (
+Fig. 25
+) with tegumen moderately broad, somewhat rounded-triangular; vinculum simple, V-shaped; uncus long, rod-like; socius long, pendant, densely covered with setae; gnathos long, with arms joined distally into long, pointed, terminal plate, with or without spines ventrally; transtilla with large, folded, median plate, densely and minutely spined; valva moderately narrow, either slightly attenuate distally or parallel-sided, sacculus a sclerotized margin of venter, restricted to basal 0.4‒0.5 of venter of valva; juxta an irregularly shaped plate; phallus short, stout, with strong, long process apically, vesica with small, nearly inconspicuous patch of tiny, aciculate, non-deciduous cornuti. Female genitalia (
+Fig. 44
+) with papilla analis simple, ca. 4 times as long as wide; apophyses slender, anteriores ca. 1.2 times length to posteriores; sterigma simple, evenly sclerotized throughout, ostium large; ductus bursae long, ca. 1.33 times as long as corpus bursae, with a few weakly sclerotized longitudinal lines, antrum well defined, cup-shaped, occupying posterior 0.35‒0.40 of ductus; corpus bursae round, signum lacking.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution and biology
+.
+
+Varifula
+
+is apparently endemic to
+Chile
+, recorded from the provinces of Aconcagua, Cauquenes, Chiloé,
+Coquimbo
+,
+Maule
+, Petorca,
+Santiago
+, and
+Valparaiso
+. The early stages are unknown.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/62/6F/65/626F651B1874FF99FF38155FFCB4F81C.xml b/data/62/6F/65/626F651B1874FF99FF38155FFCB4F81C.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..62244b46f2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/62/6F/65/626F651B1874FF99FF38155FFCB4F81C.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+
+
+
+New genera and species of tortricid moths from Chile and Argentina (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Brown, John W.
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+51
+90
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.2
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.2
+1175-5326
+14389841
+BEBB4D36-855E-4AD3-829D-A3B2B17B81B7
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Strophotina
+Brown, 1998
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Strophotina
+Brown 1998b: 44
+
+
+;
+
+Razowski and Pelz 2003: 194
+
+;
+
+Brown 2005: 601
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Chirotes
+Razowski & Becker, 1999: 417
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Prochirotes
+Razowski 2001: 277
+
+. [replacement name for
+
+Chirotes
+
+]
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+species
+
+.
+
+Eulia strophota
+Meyrick, 1926
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Remarks and Diagnosis
+.
+Brown (1998b)
+described
+
+Strophotina
+
+for two species:
+
+Eulia strophota
+
+, from
+Colombia
+,
+Venezuela
+,
+Peru
+and
+Ecuador
+; and a new species,
+
+S. curvidagus
+Brown
+
+, from
+Costa Rica
+. A year later,
+Razowski and Becker (1999)
+described the genus
+
+Chirotes
+
+for two new species:
+
+C. chorestis
+
+from
+Ecuador
+and
+
+C. niphochondra
+
+from
+Brazil
+. However, based on facies and male genitalia,
+
+Chirotes
+
+is undoubtedly a synonym of
+
+Strophotina
+
+. Subsequently, Razowski (2001) proposed the replacement name
+
+Prochirotes
+
+for
+
+Chirotes
+
+because the latter was preoccupied. In 2003, Razowski and Pelz added
+
+S. apparata
+
+from
+Ecuador
+, bringing to five the number of species in the genus. Below I add one new species from
+Argentina
+.
+
+
+According to
+Brown (1998b)
+,
+
+Strophotina
+
+can be distinguished from similar genera (i.e.,
+
+Seticosta
+Razowski
+
+,
+
+Anopinella
+Powell
+
+, and
+
+Galomecalpa
+Razowski
+
+) by the following combination of characters of the male genitalia: short, somewhat ovate valvae (longer and slenderer in
+
+Seticosta
+
+and
+
+Anopinella
+
+); a row of spinelike setae from the costa of the valvae (shared with
+
+Seticosta
+
+); narrow, extremely elongate, apically-pointed socii (shared with
+
+Galomecalpa
+
+); and a modified transtilla with a long, slender median process (simple in
+
+Seticosta
+
+,
+
+Anopinella
+
+, and
+
+Galomecalpa
+
+). Based on a phylogenetic analysis of the
+
+Apolychrosis
+
+group of genera,
+Brown & Adamski (2003)
+identified the following as autapomorphies for
+
+Strophotina
+
+: the ovate shape of the valvae; the extremely elongate socii; the long median process of the transtilla; and the slender arms of the gnathos.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution and Biology
+. As currently defined, the genus includes six described species (including the new species described below) ranging from
+Costa Rica
+south through
+Colombia
+,
+Ecuador
+, and
+Brazil
+, usually at elevations above
+1200 m
+. The new species extends the known geographical range of the genus considerably southward to
+Argentina
+. Nothing has been reported on the early stages.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/62/6F/65/626F651B1875FF98FF3811A3FA35FA27.xml b/data/62/6F/65/626F651B1875FF98FF3811A3FA35FA27.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b86a57c91d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/62/6F/65/626F651B1875FF98FF3811A3FA35FA27.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+
+
+
+New genera and species of tortricid moths from Chile and Argentina (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Brown, John W.
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+51
+90
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.2
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.2
+1175-5326
+14389841
+BEBB4D36-855E-4AD3-829D-A3B2B17B81B7
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Strophotina samara
+Brown
+
+,
+new species
+
+
+
+
+LSIDurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
+9B0F690A-D685-4857-A79A-46EAAA0551EB
+
+
+
+
+(
+Figs. 11
+,
+31
+)
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis
+. Whereas most species of
+
+Strophotina
+
+are characterized superficially by a large, broad, dark, semicircular patch from the costa of the forewing (see
+Brown 1998b
+: figs. 1, 2), the forewing pattern of
+
+S. samara
+
+is more similar to that of
+
+Anopinella
+
+or
+
+Seticosta
+
+(see
+Brown & Adamski 2003
+: figs. 56‒61), with a more triangular patch bordered basally by a broad band of pale ground color. However, the male genitalia of
+
+S. samara
+
+are typical of
+
+Strophotina
+
+, with a somewhat ovate valva with a large patch of stiff setae from the costa; extremely long, slender pointed socii; and long, slender, distally joined, median arms of the transtilla. It can be distinguished from congeners by the conspicuous, free, triangular process from near the termination of the sacculus, near the middle of the ventral margin of the valva. While both
+
+S. chorestis
+(Razowski & Becker)
+
+and
+
+S. niphochondra
+(Razowski & Becker)
+
+have a small digitate process from the distal end of the sacculus (
+Razowski & Becker 1999
+: figs. 2‒5), the process in
+
+S. samara
+
+is conspicuously larger, triangular, and confluent with the ventral margin of the valva.
+
+
+
+
+Description
+. Head: Scales of vertex and frons pale grayish brown with scattered whitish scales; scales of labial palpus mostly pale grayish brown on outer surface, paler on inner surface; scaling of antenna pale brown on dorsum.
+
+
+Thorax: Dorsum scaling pale brown medially, bordered laterally by sightly darker brown scales, tegula pale tan. Forewing length
+7.5‒8.5 mm
+(n = 4); forewing ground color cream; basal patch well defined, pale orangish brown, with outer margin extending obliquely from costa, ca. 0.3 distance from wing base, to near middle of hind margin; large, rust brown, triangular patch from costa, ca. 0.5‒0.8 distance from wing base, with small, subrectangular, white dot near vertex of triangle near distal end of discal cell; basal patch and triangular patch separated by broad, uniform band of ground color; distal 0.2 of wing pale rust brown with an irregular streak of darker rust brown subterminally, ca. 0.6 length of termen; fringe rust brown. Underside nearly uniformly grayish brown. Hindwing cream with pale gray mottling; fringe cream. Underside pale grayish cream.
+
+
+Abdomen: Dorsum with pale cream ocherous scales. Male genitalia (
+Fig. 31
+) with uncus rod-like, slender in distal 0.66, slightly bend ventro-posteriorly; socius extremely long, slender, pointed apically, pendant, with fine, short hairs; gnathos arms with expanded terminal foot-shaped plate, without spines; transtilla with a pair of long subbasal arms attached distally; valva simple, upcurved, attenuate distally with pointed apex, costa well defined, sacculus short, broad basally with conspicuous triangular process from venter ca. 0.35 distance from base; juxta a broad plate with weakly triangular expansions laterally; phallus extremely short, broad, with rounded base; vesica with cluster of numerous short, non-deciduous cornuti. Female genitalia unknown.
+
+
+Types
+.
+
+Holotype
+♂
+,
+Argentina
+:
+Salta
+: 72:
+Rosaria de la Frontera
+, Los Baños,
+
+6 Apr 1979
+
+, Mision Cientifica Danesa.
+
+
+
+
+Paratypes
+(
+3♂
+).
+Argentina
+:
+Salta
+: 72:
+Rosaria de la Frontera
+, Los Baños,
+
+6 Apr 1979
+
+(
+1♂
+),
+
+11 Apr 1979
+
+(
+2♂
+), Mision Cientifica Danesa
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution and biology
+. This species is known only from the
+type
+locality in
+Argentina
+. The early stages are unknown.
+
+
+
+
+Etymology
+. The species name is a patronym for my granddaughter Samara Storvick, who is a constant source of joy.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/62/6F/65/626F651B1875FF98FF38173BFB24F81E.xml b/data/62/6F/65/626F651B1875FF98FF38173BFB24F81E.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..47664cdea04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/62/6F/65/626F651B1875FF98FF38173BFB24F81E.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+
+
+
+New genera and species of tortricid moths from Chile and Argentina (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Brown, John W.
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+51
+90
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.2
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.2
+1175-5326
+14389841
+BEBB4D36-855E-4AD3-829D-A3B2B17B81B7
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Gnatheulia
+Razowski, 1997
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Gnatheulia
+Razowski 1997: 82
+
+
+;
+
+Brown 2005: 352
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+species
+
+.
+
+Gnatheulia gnathocera
+Razowski, 1997
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Remarks and Diagnosis
+.
+Razowski (1997)
+described
+
+Gnatheulia
+
+for the single species
+
+G. gnathocera
+
+, known only from the
+holotype
+male collected in
+Cajamarca Province
+,
+Peru
+. It has remained the only species in the genus, and the
+holotype
+the only known specimen.According to
+Razowski (1997)
+, the “…shapes of the uncus, gnathos, and valva are probable autapomorphies of this monotypic genus.” The most conspicuous features of the male genitalia are the paired lateral processes of the gnathos, which are nearly three times as long as the apically-joined median plate; the lobe-like swelling at the base of the costa of the valva; and the slightly rounded-upturned apical one-fifth of the valva.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution and biology
+. The discovery of a new species from
+Argentina
+, described below, significantly expands the range of the genus from
+Peru
+to
+Argentina
+. The life history remains unknown.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/62/6F/65/626F651B1876FF99FF3817DFFC97FBFB.xml b/data/62/6F/65/626F651B1876FF99FF3817DFFC97FBFB.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..15251222657
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/62/6F/65/626F651B1876FF99FF3817DFFC97FBFB.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+
+
+
+New genera and species of tortricid moths from Chile and Argentina (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Brown, John W.
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+51
+90
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.2
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.2
+1175-5326
+14389841
+BEBB4D36-855E-4AD3-829D-A3B2B17B81B7
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Proeulia razowskii
+Brown
+
+,
+new species
+
+
+
+
+LSIDurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
+D019FAF2-6148-45B8-85D5-014B57F9B553
+
+
+
+
+(
+Figs. 10
+,
+29, 30
+)
+
+
+
+
+Remarks and diagnosis
+.
+
+Proeulia razowskii
+
+(
+Fig. 10
+) belongs to a species group that is defined by the presence of a long, slender furca of the juxta that extends parallel to the venter of the phallus (
+Figs 29, 30
+). The somewhat faint, outwardly oblique, median fascia of the forewing of
+
+P. razowskii
+
+is certainly homologous with the basal portion of the pronounced triangular patch of the forewing of
+P. hasta
+.
+
+Proeulia razowskii
+
+can be distinguished from
+
+P
+.
+rucapillana
+
+and
+P. hasta
+by its pale tan forewing ground color, with a small, pale brown blotch near the middle of the termen; and the absence of the dark basal patch that is characteristic of
+
+P
+.
+rucapillana
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+FIGURES 9‒16.
+Adults of tortricid species from Chile and Argentina. 9.
+
+Proeulia
+hasta
+
+, holotype male. 10.
+
+Proeulia razowskii
+
+, holotype male. 11.
+
+Strophotina samara
+
+, paratype male. 12.
+
+Gnatheulia flava
+
+, holotype male. 1
+3
+.
+
+Chapoania dentigera
+
+, Chile, Ñuble Province. 14.
+
+Endemulia urrai
+
+, male holotype. 15.
+
+Paratepa ferruginea
+
+, holotype male. 16.
+
+Paratepa argentinana
+
+, holotype male.
+
+
+
+
+Description
+. Head: Vertex and frons scaling mostly uniformly pale gray-brown; antennal scales pale gray-brown; scaling of labial palpus pale gray brown on outer surface, paler on inner surface.
+
+
+Thorax: Dorsum scaling mostly brown throughout, with small patch of pale brown at posterior margin of metathorax. Legs brown. Forewing length 8.0‒
+8.5 mm
+(n = 4); forewing ground color pale cream-tan with pale brown mottling; basal 0.25 of costa with narrow brown patch, broadening slightly toward hind margin at wing base; medial fascia ill-defined, pale tan, extending obliquely outward from costa ca. 0.5 distance from base; a short, similarly colored, ill-defined dash from just beyond middle of hind margin, bordered on inner margin by small brown spot; a tiny brown pretornal spot; a pair of small, dark brown dots between end of discal cell and termen; terminal area mostly pale brown, cream at tornus; fringe mostly pale brown. Underside nearly uniformly brown. Hindwing grayish brown, densely mottled throughout; fringe white. Underside pale gray-brown.
+
+
+Abdomen: Male genitalia (
+Figs. 29, 30
+) with uncus rod-like, relatively uniform in width throughout; socius pendant lobes, ca. 0.5 length of gnathos, densely covered with fine setae; gnathos arm with small lateral lobe-like expansion near middle, arms joined distally into strongly-sclerotized, V-shaped, pointed process; transtilla membranous, dorsal surface lacking spines; valva relatively broad basally, with concave esacculus extending well beyond apex of ventral margin of valva, costa of valva upcurved distally, with rounded apex; membranous outer margin of valva rounded-concave at intersection with distal tip of sacculus; juxta a small triangular plate with a long, very slender, curved furca parallel to venter of phallus; phallus short, broad, ca. as long as valva, vesica with two long, strong, basally-attached, non-deciduous cornuti. Female genitalia unknown.
+
+
+Types
+.
+
+Holotype
+♂
+,
+Chile
+,
+Temuco Province
+,
+Fundo La Selva
+,
+
+48 km
+NW Nueva Imperial
+
+, [
+-38.52265
+,
+-73.23201
+],
+
+9‒11 Dec 1981
+
+,
+D. Davis
+(
+USNM
+).
+
+
+
+
+Paratypes
+(
+4♂
+).
+Chile
+:
+Temuco Province
+:
+Fundo La Selva
+,
+
+48 km
+NW Nueva Imperial
+
+
+,
+
+
+9‒11 Dec 1981
+
+(
+2♂
+),
+D. Davis
+(
+USNM
+).
+Osorno Province
+: 13:
+Parque Nacional Puyehue
+,
+Anticura
+, 750
+
+,
+18 Nov 1981
+(
+1♂
+),
+
+
+17 Dec 1981
+
+(
+1♂
+),
+E. Nielsen
+& O.
+Karsholt
+(
+NHMD
+)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution and biology
+. This species is recorded from Temuco and Osorno provinces,
+Chile
+(n = 4), at
+750 m
+elevation. All specimens were captured in December. Nothing is known of the life history.
+
+
+
+
+Etymology
+. The specific epithet is a patronym for my friend and colleague Józef Razowski, whose contributions to our knowledge of Neotropical
+Tortricidae
+is unparalleled.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/62/6F/65/626F651B1878FF93FF3814DAFE18FCF3.xml b/data/62/6F/65/626F651B1878FF93FF3814DAFE18FCF3.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d5115a4f31f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/62/6F/65/626F651B1878FF93FF3814DAFE18FCF3.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+
+
+
+New genera and species of tortricid moths from Chile and Argentina (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Brown, John W.
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+51
+90
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.2
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.2
+1175-5326
+14389841
+BEBB4D36-855E-4AD3-829D-A3B2B17B81B7
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Terifrona
+Brown
+
+,
+new genus
+
+
+
+
+LSIDurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
+DC776D6C-C176-4E25-B9FB-709E3DBB57F1
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+species
+
+:
+
+Terifrona fronteria
+Brown
+
+,
+new species
+.
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis
+. Superficially,
+
+Terifrona
+
+is somewhat similar to a few smaller species of
+
+Proeulia
+
+. It has a pale orangish brown forewing ground color and a variable brown oblique median fascia; relatively short labial palpi; and a uniformly pale cream-colored hindwing (
+Fig. 2
+). It is easily distinguished from all other euliine genera by the highly modified male genitalia, which feature a broad uncus with a conspicuous, rounded emargination apically; a complex gnathos with strongly sclerotized lateral flanges bearing tiny teeth; and a comparatively narrow valva with a broad semicircular excavation of the sacculus. The female genitalia are equally unusual, with a pair of sclerotized processes dorsal to the papillae anales and extremely short apophyses anteriores. In addition, the adult is unusual in lacking ocelli.
+
+
+
+
+Description
+. Head: Vertex rough-scaled, with scales directed anteriorly, a pair of conspicuous somewhat fan-shaped scale patches subdorsally at posterior margin of head; scales of upper frons rough, scales of lower frons shorter, more appressed to surface of frons; antenna ca. 0.5 length of forewing, non-serrate, with one row of scales per flagellomere, sensory setae ca. 0.8 times width of flagellomere in male, shorter and sparser in female; ocellus absent; chaetosemata well developed; labial palpus with scaling slightly expanded distally on second segment, third segment exposed, combined length of all segments ca. 1.25 times diameter of compound eye.
+
+
+
+FIGURES 1‒8.
+Adults of tortricid species from Chile and Argentina. 1.
+
+Argentiliana basipallidana
+
+, paratype female.
+2
+.
+
+Terifrona fronteria
+
+, holotype male.
+3
+.
+
+Transtilliana biloba
+
+, paratype male. 4.
+
+Transtilliana biloba
+
+, paratype male. 5.
+
+Vargasia karsholti
+,
+
+holotype male. 6.
+Hamiami
+a
+
+trancasiana
+
+, Chile, Ñuble Province. 7.
+
+Varifula fulvaria
+
+, Chile, Aconcagua Province. 8.
+
+Varifula geomops
+
+, holotype male.
+
+
+
+Thorax: Dorsum smooth-scaled, metathoracic tuft absent. Legs unmodified, without hairpencil or other male secondary scales. Forewing length ca. 2.3 times width; costa evenly arched throughout, male without costal fold; apex pointed, termen straight, oblique; all veins present and separate, chorda absent, M-stem present, R
+4
+to costa, R
+5
+to termen. Hindwing with all veins present and separate, Rs and M
+1
+short-stalked; CuP weak at margin; frenulum with one bristle in male, three in female.
+
+
+Abdomen: Male genitalia (
+Fig. 21
+) with tegumen extremely broad, rounded; vinculum short, U-shaped; uncus extremely broad basally, abruptly narrowed at 0.6 from base, with abruptly expanded apex with a U-shaped excavation apically; socius short-digitate, with fine setae; gnathos complex, with long sclerotized median process subtended latero-basally by broad curved upturned flanges, one on each side of median process, each bearing tiny teeth along distal margin; transtilla a simple, straight, weakly sclerotized band lacking spines; valva comparatively narrow with concavity at distal margin creating a broad somewhat lobe-like apex, sacculus strongly sclerotized, extending ca. 0.66 distance of ventral margin of valva, with a deep semicircular excavation near middle, ending in a free, rod-like tip; juxta a nearly circular plate; phallus slender, J-shaped, lacking cornuti. Female genitalia (
+Fig. 40
+) with papilla analis broad, ca. 2.5 times as long as wide, rounded posteriorly, slightly attenuate in anterior 0.1; sclerotized, sinuate processes immediately dorsal to papilla analis, ca. 0.6 length of papilla analis, one behind each papilla analis; apophyses slender, anteriores extremely short, ca. 0.15 length of posteriores; sterigma simple, broad, weakly sclerotized, with a pair of weak, subrectangular plates at posterior margin of lamella postvaginalis; ductus bursae short, without conspicuous antrum; corpus bursae membranous, with irregular sclerite near junction of corpus and ductus bursae.
+
+
+
+
+Etymology
+. The generic name is an anagram of the species name—
+
+fronteria
+
+, which refers to the
+type
+locality of Rosario de la Frontera.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/62/6F/65/626F651B1878FF95FF381012FAA3FA7B.xml b/data/62/6F/65/626F651B1878FF95FF381012FAA3FA7B.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d463fe889d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/62/6F/65/626F651B1878FF95FF381012FAA3FA7B.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+
+
+
+New genera and species of tortricid moths from Chile and Argentina (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Brown, John W.
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+51
+90
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.2
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.2
+1175-5326
+14389841
+BEBB4D36-855E-4AD3-829D-A3B2B17B81B7
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Argentiliana basipallida
+Brown
+
+,
+new species
+
+
+
+
+LSIDurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
+8B49DCCB-DB87-47B8-91AD-3FB627547236
+
+
+
+
+(
+Figs. 1
+,
+39
+)
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis
+.
+
+Argentiliana basipallida
+
+can be distinguished from other
+Euliina
+by the features listed above in the diagnosis of the genus. The forewing pattern in particular is distinct among all
+Euliina
+(
+Fig. 1
+).
+
+
+
+
+Description
+. Male. Unknown.
+
+Female. Head: Vertex scales mostly white mixed with some pale tan and gray with a pair of mostly white scale patches posteriorly; frons scales mostly pale tan, with white scales laterally; antenna with scales on pedicel and scape mostly white, scaling on flagellomeres mostly pale tan; labial palpus with scales on outer surface bronzy gray, with some white near base, inner surface mostly white.
+
+Thorax: Dorsum scales from anterior to posterior as follows: a narrow lateral band of dark brown scales, a narrow lateral band of white scales, a broad lateral band of pale tan scales mixed with white, metathoracic tuft scales pale orange, white-tipped; venter mostly white, with darker scales on legs. Forewing length 9.0‒
+9.5 mm
+(n = 3); forewing pattern with patches of gray and brown scaling, with irregular, faint, narrow, dark brown to black transverse lines; median fascia and apical region slightly darker gray brown, a pair of narrow, dark brown lines bordering median fascia; conspicuous white region in the basal 0.33, with contrasting, dark brown, linear dash along costa; brown thumb-shaped patch from hind margin (
+Fig. 1
+); fringe scales dense in basal 0.5, brown, sparser in outer 0.5, pale brown. Underside brown, paler basally, with faint trace of upperside markings. Hindwing scaling pale brown, slightly darker along outer margin, paler in costal region; fringe with dense, short brown scales in basal 0.4, longer scales sparser, pale brown in outer 0.6. Underside nearly uniform pale brown.
+
+
+Abdomen: Dorsum and venter with pale tan scaling. Genitalia (
+Fig. 39
+) as described for genus.
+
+
+Types
+.
+Holotype
+♀
+,
+Argentina
+,
+Neuquén
+, Chapelco-Techos,
+1400 m
+,
+28 Jan 1982
+, M. Gentili,
+USNM
+slide 145,520 (
+USNM
+).
+
+
+
+Paratypes
+(
+2♀
+).
+Argentina
+:
+Neuquén
+,
+Lago Escondido
+,
+
+950 m
+
+,
+
+5 Mar 1986
+
+(
+1♀
+),
+M. Gentili
+,
+USNM
+slide 154,800 (
+USNM
+)
+
+.
+
+Chile
+:
+Osorno, P.N
+. Puyehue,
+
+Lago El Toro
+
+, [
+
+24 m
+
+],
+
+7‒8 Feb 1978
+
+(
+1♀
+),
+C. M. & O. S. Flint
+(
+USNM
+)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution and biology
+.
+
+Argentiliana basipallida
+
+is known from females only. It has been recorded from
+Neuquén Province
+(northwestern Patagonia) in
+Argentina
+and Osorno Province in
+Chile
+, from near sea level to
+1400 m
+elevation. Adults have been collected in January (n = 1), February (n = 1), and March (n = 1). Nothing is known of the life history.
+
+
+
+
+Etymology
+. The specific epithet
+“basipallida
+” refers to the white area at the base of the forewing.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/62/6F/65/626F651B187BFF95FF3812E6FB0AFF33.xml b/data/62/6F/65/626F651B187BFF95FF3812E6FB0AFF33.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e39129768a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/62/6F/65/626F651B187BFF95FF3812E6FB0AFF33.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+
+
+
+New genera and species of tortricid moths from Chile and Argentina (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Brown, John W.
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+51
+90
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.2
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.2
+1175-5326
+14389841
+BEBB4D36-855E-4AD3-829D-A3B2B17B81B7
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Argentiliana
+Brown
+
+,
+new genus
+
+
+
+
+LSIDurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
+E767F40E-0812-4DE4-9930-92E369E79522
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+species
+
+:
+
+Argentiliana basipallida
+
+,
+new species
+.
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis
+.
+
+Argentiliana
+
+can be distinguished from all other cochyline genera by facies alone. The forewing pattern includes a pale region in the basal 0.33, with a contrasting, dark brown, linear dash along the costa (
+Fig. 1
+); the remainder of the wing features shades of brown and gray with a pair of narrow, dark brown lines bordering an irregular median fascia (
+Fig. 1
+). The overall aspect of the single included species is somewhat reminiscent of some
+Carposinidae
+, but the presence of ocelli, chaetosemata, and characteristic tortricoid ovipositor lobes (i.e., large, flattened papillae anales) confirm its familial assignment to
+Tortricidae
+. The female genitalia are simple, with a broad antrum and a long ductus bursae that broadens slightly to a pear-shaped corpus bursae lacking a signum. In the absence of males, the plesiomorphic female genitalia provide few clues to which genera
+
+Argentiliana
+
+might be related.
+
+
+
+
+Description
+. Head: Vertex rough-scaled, scales directed anteriorly, posterior region of vertex with a pair of large, subdorsal, fan-like scale patches; scaling on frons shorter, more appressed; antenna ca. 0.5 length of forewing, non-serrate, with one row of scales per flagellomere, sensory setae extremely short, less than 0.25 width of flagellomere; ocellus well developed; chaetosemata present; labial palpus relatively slender, scaling only slightly expanded distally, third segment exposed, combined length of all segments ca. 1.25 times diameter of compound eye. Haustellum well developed, presumably functional.
+
+
+Thorax: Dorsum smooth-scaled, metathoracic tuft present. Legs unmodified, without hairpencil or other secondary scaling. Forewing length 2.4 times width; costa weakly and evenly arched throughout; termen straight, oblique; all veins present and separate, chorda and M-stem absent, R
+4
+to costa, R
+5
+to termen. Hindwing with all veins present and separate; CuP weak at margin; frenulum with three bristles.
+
+
+Abdomen: Male genitalia unknown. Female genitalia (
+Fig. 39
+) with papilla analis rather slender, ca. 4 times as long as wide; apophyses slender, posteriores ca. 0.75 as long as anteriores; sterigma membranous, with transverse band bearing a pair of short, narrow, lateral, anteriorly-directed, triangular “tails” from anterior margin; ostium wide; antrum wide, gradually narrowing to ductus bursae; ductus bursae nearly uniform in width anterad of antrum, broadening slightly to junction with corpus bursae; ductus seminalis arising from ductus bursae ca. 0.33 distance from ostium; corpus bursae pear-shaped, lacking signum and conspicuous scobination.
+
+
+
+
+Etymology
+. The generic name is a combination of
+“Argentina
+” and “Gentili,” the latter the surname of the noted
+Argentine
+lepidopterist Mario Gentili, the collector of the
+holotype
+of the type species.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/62/6F/65/626F651B187CFF91FF3810CBFC1CF83B.xml b/data/62/6F/65/626F651B187CFF91FF3810CBFC1CF83B.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0542a94f935
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/62/6F/65/626F651B187CFF91FF3810CBFC1CF83B.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+
+
+
+New genera and species of tortricid moths from Chile and Argentina (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Brown, John W.
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+51
+90
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.2
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.2
+1175-5326
+14389841
+BEBB4D36-855E-4AD3-829D-A3B2B17B81B7
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Vargasia
+Brown
+
+,
+new genus
+
+
+
+
+LSIDurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
+A620E17D-413A-4843-BF9A-E85A43DA84BE
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+species
+
+:
+
+Vargasia karsholti
+Brown
+
+,
+new species
+.
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis
+.
+
+Vargasia
+
+is similar to
+
+Transtilliana
+
+in forewing shape, length, and maculation, and in their shared elongate labial palpi. Superficially,
+
+Vargasia
+
+is easily recognized by the white to cream-colored scaling of the head, dorsum of the labial palpi, and dorsum of the thorax, with a contrasting brown base of the costa of the forewing. Morphologically, it is easily distinguished from all other euliine genera by the combination of the elongate-rectangular valvae with a truncate apex, the spined transtilla, and the evenly spaced row of cornuti in the vesica of the phallus. The exceptionally elongate labial palpi are shared with members of the
+
+Anopinella
+
+group of genera (i.e.,
+
+Anopinella
+Powell
+
+,
+
+Seticosta
+Razowski
+
+,
+
+Strophotina
+Brown
+
+, and
+
+Punctapinella
+Brown
+
+), with which the genitalia have little in common.
+
+Vargasia
+
+shares with
+Accuminula
+Brown a spiny venter of the median process of the gnathos, a spiny dorsum of the transtilla, and relatively parallel-sided valvae However, the two genera are dissimilar in facies and in the female genitalia—females of
+
+Accuminulia
+
+are characterized by a series of strongly developed, longitudinal creases throughout the ductus bursae that are absent in
+
+Vargasia
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Description
+. Head: Vertex rough-scaled, with scales directed anteriorly; scales of upper frons rough, scales of lower frons shorter, more appressed to surface of frons; antenna ca. 0.5 length of forewing, weakly serrate, with one row of scales per flagellomere, sensory setae ca. 0.3 times width of flagellomere in male, shorter and sparser in female; ocellus greatly reduced; chaetosemata well developed; labial palpus with scaling slightly expanded mesally on second segment, third segment long, exposed, combined length of all segments 3.5‒3.8 times diameter of compound eye.
+
+
+Thorax: Dorsum smooth-scaled, metathoracic tuft absent. Legs unmodified, without hairpencil or other male secondary scales. Forewing length ca. 2.4 times width; costa evenly arched throughout, male without costal fold; termen straight, oblique; all veins present and separate, chorda absent, M-stem present, R
+4
+to costa, R
+5
+to termen. Hindwing with all veins present and separate, Rs and M
+1
+connate to short-stalked; CuP weak at margin; frenulum with one bristle in male, three in female.
+
+
+Abdomen: Male genitalia (
+Fig. 23
+) with tegumen moderately rounded; vinculum elongate-ovate; uncus a narrow, curved rod, uniform in width throughout; socius elongate, crescent-shaped, pendant, densely clothed in long, fine setae; gnathos simple, arms joined disto-medially forming a triangular plate with fine teeth on venter; transtilla a broad, subrectangular plate densely covered with small spines; valva elongate, narrow, parallel-sided, truncate apically, sacculus ill-defined, a small triangular tooth from venter of valva ca. 0.6 distance from base; juxta a simple, broad, V-shaped plate; phallus ca. 1.2 times as long as valva, weakly bent in basal 0.3, phallobase with conspicuous thumb-like process ventrally at distal end, vesica with a row of 12 short, aciculate, non-deciduous cornuti.
+
+
+Female genitalia (
+Fig. 42
+) with papilla analis ca. 3 times as long as wide, rounded posteriorly, papillae joined posteriorly forming a U-shaped junction; apophyses slender, posteriores ca. 1.1 times length of anteriores; eighth tergum with broadly rounded anterior margin; sterigma a simple, broad, weakly sclerotized plate with a pair of spiny, elongate, inward-projecting lateral lobes; ductus bursae broad, ca. 3.5 times as long as wide, ca. 1.1 times length of corpus bursae, densely spinulose, without conspicuous antrum; corpus bursae round, finely spiculate throughout, with signum lacking.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution and biology
+. This monotypic genus is known primarily from
+Argentina
+, with a single record from
+Chile
+. The life history is unknown
+
+
+
+
+Etymology
+. The generic name is a patronym for my colleague Héctor Vargas, in honor of his numerous contributions to our knowledge of the microlepidoptera fauna of
+Chile
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/62/6F/65/626F651B187DFF90FF3811A3FAD3FAD7.xml b/data/62/6F/65/626F651B187DFF90FF3811A3FAD3FAD7.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ee146b621e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/62/6F/65/626F651B187DFF90FF3811A3FAD3FAD7.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,361 @@
+
+
+
+New genera and species of tortricid moths from Chile and Argentina (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Brown, John W.
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+51
+90
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.2
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.2
+1175-5326
+14389841
+BEBB4D36-855E-4AD3-829D-A3B2B17B81B7
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Vargasia karsholti
+Brown
+
+,
+new species
+
+
+
+
+LSIDurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
+6687A98B-2FA0-4636-AC18-87C533B96E0F
+
+
+
+
+(
+Figs. 5
+,
+23
+,
+42
+)
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis
+.
+
+Vargasia karsholti
+
+can be distinguished from other species by details given in the diagnosis of the genus above. Superficially, the white to cream scaling of the head, thorax, and dorsum of the labial palpi are characteristic for this species.
+
+
+
+
+Description
+. Head: Vertex and frons scaling uniformly white to cream; scales of antenna white to cream; scales of labial palpus white to cream dorsally and on inner surface, pale grayish brown on outer surface.
+
+Thorax: Dorsum scaling white to pale cream. Underside cream. Forewing length 9.0‒10.0 mm (n = 6); ground color pale tannish cream, somewhat mottled with slightly darker tan; a distinct brown basal patch, well defined in costal 0.5, less so beyond, with outer margin extending obliquely inward from costa ca. 0.3 distance from wing base, to hind margin ca. 0.2 distance from wing base; distal 0.5 of wing mostly brown with three, narrow, irregular, sinuate, cream lines extending from costa to hind margin, originating near mid-costa; fringe pale tan with cream basal line. Forewing underside nearly uniformly pale tan. Hindwing cream with pale tan mottling; fringe slightly paler than hindwing scaling. Underside cream, with mottling more pronounced than on upper surface.
+
+Abdomen: Pale tannish cream. Male genitalia (
+Fig. 23
+) as described for genus. Female genitalia (
+Fig. 42
+) as described for genus.
+
+
+Types
+.
+
+Holotype
+♂
+,
+Argentina
+,
+Rio Negro Province
+, 7:
+San Carlos de Bariloche
+,
+Colonia
+Suiza,
+
+810 m
+
+,
+
+9 Dec 1978
+
+,
+Mision Cientifica Danesa
+(
+NHMD
+).
+
+
+
+Paratypes
+(
+23♂
+,
+8♀
+).
+
+Argentina
+:
+Rio Negro Province
+: 7:
+San Carlos de Bariloche
+,
+Colonia
+
+
+Suiza
+,
+
+810 m
+
+,
+
+9 Dec 1978
+
+(
+2♂
+),
+
+10 Dec 1978
+
+(
+1♂
+),
+
+15 Dec 1978
+
+(
+5♂
+,
+1♀
+),
+
+12 Jan 1979
+
+(
+2♀
+),
+Mision Cientifica Danesa
+(
+NHMD
+). 8:
+Lago Nahuel
+,
+Huapi
+,
+Puerto Blest
+,
+
+770 m
+
+,
+
+5 Jan 1979
+
+(
+1♂
+),
+Mision Cientifica Danesa
+(
+NHMD
+). 9:
+San Carlos de Bariloche
+,
+Colonia
+
+
+Suiza
+,
+
+810 m
+
+,
+
+3 Dec 1981
+
+(
+1♂
+),
+
+7 Dec 1981
+
+(
+1♀
+),
+
+18‒19 Dec 1981
+
+(
+1♂
+),
+
+21‒22 Dec 1981
+
+(
+2♂
+,
+1♀
+),
+
+23 Dec 1981
+
+(
+2♂
+),
+
+24 Dec 1981
+
+(
+1♂
+),
+
+5‒7 Jan 1982
+
+(
+1♂
+,
+1♀
+),
+Nielsen
+&
+Karsholt
+(
+NHMD
+).
+Neuquén Province
+: 11: San Martín de los Andes,
+
+640 m
+
+,
+
+5‒6 Nov 1981
+
+(
+1♂
+),
+
+7‒15 Nov 1981
+
+(
+5♂
+),
+Nielsen
+&
+Karsholt
+(
+NHMD
+). 17:
+Lago Lacar
+,
+5 km
+E
+Hua-Hum
+,
+
+25 Nov 1981
+
+(
+1♀
+),
+Nielsen
+&
+Karsholt
+(
+NHMD
+)
+
+.
+
+Chile
+: [
+Chachabuco Province
+]:
+Til-Til
+,
+La Dormida
+, [
+
+580 m
+
+],
+
+3‒4 Nov 1988
+
+(
+1♀
+),
+L. Peña
+(
+USNM
+)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution and biology
+. This species is recorded primarily from
+Rio Negro
+and
+Neuquén
+provinces,
+Argentina
+, with a single specimen from Chachabuco Province,
+Chile
+, with collecting localities ranging from ca.
+580 to 810 m
+elevation. The species appears to be univoltine, with specimens captured in November, December, and January. The biology is unknown.
+
+
+
+
+Etymology
+. The specific epithet is a patronym for Ole Karsholt of the Natural History Museum of
+Denmark
+, who organized collecting expeditions to
+Chile
+and
+Argentina
+that resulted in countless new taxa of microlepidoptera.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/62/6F/65/626F651B187DFF9FFF3814B7FB6DFBD3.xml b/data/62/6F/65/626F651B187DFF9FFF3814B7FB6DFBD3.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2d33bbf0534
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/62/6F/65/626F651B187DFF9FFF3814B7FB6DFBD3.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+
+
+
+New genera and species of tortricid moths from Chile and Argentina (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Brown, John W.
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+51
+90
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.2
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.2
+1175-5326
+14389841
+BEBB4D36-855E-4AD3-829D-A3B2B17B81B7
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Hamiamia
+Brown
+
+,
+new genus
+
+
+
+
+LSIDurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
+75D286D6-5CDB-48F1-8ECF-1B3607C6CA58
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+species
+
+:
+
+Varifula trancasiana
+Razowski & Pelz, 2010
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Remarks and Diagnosis
+. Originally described in
+
+Varifula
+
+,
+
+H. trancasiana
+
+, the
+type
+species of
+
+Hamiamia
+
+, has little in common with
+
+V. fulvaria
+(
+Blanchard, 1852
+)
+
+, the
+type
+and only other species formerly in the
+
+Varifula
+
+. Superficially,
+
+H. trancasiana
+
+is easily distinguished from all other
+Euliina
+by forewing maculation, which features a bold pattern of alternating brown and white fascia (
+Fig. 6
+). In contrast,
+
+Varifula fulvaria
+
+is a yellowish tan, much larger species (
+Fig. 7
+), with a longer and narrower forewing. Even in their original description of
+
+H. trancasiana
+,
+Razowski and Pelz (2010)
+
+commented “Externally it strongly differs from the
+type
+species of this genus (
+
+fulvaria
+
+)…” Because
+
+H. trancasiana
+
+was described from a single female, it is easy to understand it’s incorrect generic assignment; its female genitalia are similar to those of
+
+V. fulvaria
+
+in certain aspects of the sterigma. However, the discovery of the male of
+
+H
+.
+trancasiana
+
+now indicates that a new genus is required for this species.
+
+
+In addition to the unique facies, the paired hami in the male genitalia provide further evidence that
+
+H. trancasiana
+
+belongs in no other euliine genus. These unusual structures (i.e., hami) are known primarily in the subfamily
+Chlidanotinae
+, and are large and conspicuous in the male genitalia of
+
+H. trancasiana
+
+. Although also present in the euliine genus
+
+Hynhamia
+Razowski
+
+, the two genera have little else in common.
+
+
+
+
+Description
+. Head: Vertex rough-scaled, with scales directed anteriorly, a pair of somewhat fan-shaped scale patches subdorsally at posterior margin of head; scales of upper frons rough, scales of lower frons shorter, more appressed to surface of frons; antenna ca. 0.5 length of forewing, conspicuously serrate, with one row of scales per flagellomere, sensory setae ca. 1.1 times width of flagellomere in male, shorter and sparser in female; ocellus well developed; chaetosemata well developed; labial palpus with scaling expanded distally on second segment, nearly concealing third segment, combined length of all segments ca. 1.5 times diameter of compound eye.
+
+
+Thorax: Dorsum smooth-scaled, metathoracic tuft present. Legs unmodified, without hairpencil or other male secondary scales. Forewing length ca. 2.3 times width, slightly expanded apically; costa slightly and evenly arched throughout, male costal fold absent; termen straight, slightly oblique; all veins present and separate, chorda absent, M-stem present, R
+4
+to costa, R
+5
+to termen. Hindwing with all veins present and separate; CuP weak at margin; frenulum with one bristle in male, three in female.
+
+
+Abdomen: Male genitalia (
+Fig. 24
+) with tegumen moderately broad, with somewhat angled “shoulders” near attachment of gnathos; vinculum simple, V-shaped; uncus long, rod-like, from subtriangular dilation of dorsum of tegumen, somewhat flattened laterally in apical 0.5; socius absent; hami nearly as long as gnathos arms, strongly sclerotized, originating from swollen base of uncus; gnathos long, strongly sclerotized, joined distally into long median process with slightly upcurved apex, lacking spines; transtilla with large, median, rectangular plate, lacking spines; valva comparatively narrow, attenuate distally, costa weakly undulate, sacculus simple, restricted to basal 0.5 of venter of valva; juxta an irregularly shaped plate; phallus ca. as long as valva, narrow, weakly curved, vesica with a single long, aciculate, non-deciduous cornutus, as long as phallus.
+
+
+Female genitalia (
+Fig. 43
+) with papilla analis broad, ca. 2.5 times as long as wide, with setae conspicuous from small, well-defined papillae; apophyses slender, anteriores ca. equal in length to posteriores; sterigma simple, with weakly sclerotized band at anterior margin, ostium large; ductus bursae short, membranous; corpus bursae subovoidal, with large rounded expansion on right side near middle, corpus bursae attenuating anteriorly to a long, narrow, pointed, tail-like portion; a narrow sclerite along left side of corpus bursae extending from near junction with ductus bursae, tapering anteriorly.
+
+
+
+
+Etymology
+. The generic name refers to the unusual presence of hami in the male genitalia.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/62/6F/65/626F651B187EFF92FF381613FBCAFB47.xml b/data/62/6F/65/626F651B187EFF92FF381613FBCAFB47.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1f39ecd5ef8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/62/6F/65/626F651B187EFF92FF381613FBCAFB47.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+
+
+
+New genera and species of tortricid moths from Chile and Argentina (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Brown, John W.
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+51
+90
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.2
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.2
+1175-5326
+14389841
+BEBB4D36-855E-4AD3-829D-A3B2B17B81B7
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Transtilliana
+Brown
+
+,
+new genus
+
+
+
+
+LSIDurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
+94CB458B-92A2-41F2-85B1-CB44E188D222
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+species
+
+:
+
+Transtilliana biloba
+Brown
+
+,
+new species
+.
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis
+. Superficially,
+
+Transtilliana
+
+is similar to
+
+Vargasia
+
+, but the male genitalia are quite different, in particular, the shapes of the uncus, transtilla, and phallus (
+Figs. 22, 23
+). It is also somewhat reminiscent of
+
+Strophotina
+Brown
+
+owing to its size, forewing shape and coloration, and long labial palpi (
+Figs 3, 4
+). However, whereas the forewing of
+
+Strophotina
+
+has a pronounced and well defined semicircular costal patch, only a hint of such a feature is present in
+
+Transtilliana
+
+. The genitalia of the two genera show no similarities. The combination of the narrow, parallel-sided valvae with a conspicuous excavation at the distal margin, and the bilobed transtilla serve to distinguish
+
+Transtilliana
+
+from all other genera. In the female genitalia, the apophyses anteriores are rather short (shorter than the apophyses posteriores), and the bilobed sterigma shows some similarities to those of
+
+Ptychocroca
+Brown and Razowski
+
+and
+
+Foikeulia
+Urra
+
+, with which adults are not similar.
+
+
+
+
+Description
+. Head: Vertex rough-scaled, with scales directed anteriorly over frons, scales of frons shorter, more appressed to surface; antenna ca. 0.5 length of forewing, non-serrate, with one row of scales per flagellomere, sensory setae 1.0‒1.1 times width of flagellomere in male, shorter and sparser in female; ocellus well developed, slightly larger in female; chaetosemata well developed; labial palpus with scaling greatly expanded distally on second segment, nearly concealing third segment, combined length of all segments 2.8‒3.0 times diameter of compound eye in male, ca. 3.5 times diameter in female.
+
+
+Thorax: Dorsum smooth-scaled, metathoracic tuft absent.Legs unmodified,without hairpencil or other secondary scales. Forewing length ca. 2.4 times width; costa evenly arched throughout, without costal fold in male; termen straight, oblique; all veins present and separate, chorda and M-stem absent, R
+4
+to costa, R
+5
+to termen. Hindwing with all veins present and separate; CuP weak at margin; frenulum with one bristle in male, three in female.
+
+
+Abdomen: Male genitalia (
+Fig. 22
+) with tegumen and vinculum rather elongate; uncus short, ovate from rounded-triangular expansion of dorsum of tegumen; socius short-digitate, pendant, densely covered with fine setae; gnathos arms simple, sclerotized, joined distally into V-shaped, pointed process; transtilla with a pair of small rounded, submedian lobes directed ventro-posteriorly, lacking spines; valva broadest in basal 0.33, comparatively narrow, somewhat parallel-sided in distal 0.66, outer margin with conspicuous concavity, sacculus weakly sclerotized, with small triangular process from venter ca. 0.66 from base; juxta a broadly V-shaped plate; phallus long and slender, ca. 0.9 length of valva, cornuti absent. Female genitalia (
+Fig. 41
+) with papilla analis slipper-shaped, somewhat angled postero-laterally, ca. 3 times as long as wide; apophyses slender, posteriores ca. 1.25 length of anteriores; sterigma bilobed anteriorly, each lobe subtended posteriorly by a narrow arched sclerite; ductus bursae long, slender, uniform in width throughout, ca. 0.8 times length of corpus bursae, with antrum well-defined, sclerotized, cup-shaped; corpus bursae membranous, somewhat pear-shaped, lacking signum.
+
+
+
+
+Etymology
+. The generic name refers to the unusual transtilla in the male genitalia.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/62/6F/65/626F651B187EFF93FF38126FFBD7F931.xml b/data/62/6F/65/626F651B187EFF93FF38126FFBD7F931.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e07758ec6b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/62/6F/65/626F651B187EFF93FF38126FFBD7F931.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+
+
+
+New genera and species of tortricid moths from Chile and Argentina (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Brown, John W.
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+51
+90
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.2
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.2
+1175-5326
+14389841
+BEBB4D36-855E-4AD3-829D-A3B2B17B81B7
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Terifrona fronteria
+Brown
+
+,
+new species
+
+
+
+
+LSIDurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
+29129CE4-F36C-4FEA-9944-5C5DA4D76373
+
+
+
+
+(
+Figs. 2
+,
+21
+,
+40
+)
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis
+.
+
+Terifrona fronteria
+
+can be distinguished from other species by details given in the diagnosis of the genus above. In particular, the complex male and female genitalia are unique in the tribe.
+
+
+
+
+Description
+. Head: Vertex and frons scaling uniformly pale tannish brown; antenna with dorsal scales cream; scales of labial palpus pale tannish brown with scattered brown scales on outer surface, pale tannish brown on inner surface.
+
+
+Thorax: Dorsum scaling pale tannish brown.Underside cream; prolegs with orangish brown scales, mesothoracic and metathoracic legs with brown scales. Forewing length 8.0 mm (n = 3); forewing ground color pale orangish brown (
+Fig. 2
+); basal blotch represented by a narrow, inward-directed, oblique line from near costa ca. 0.33 distance from wing base; median fascia an irregularly rhomboidal band from costa ca. 0.45‒0.65 distance from wing base, to hind margin ca. 0.25‒0.85 distance from base, well defined along inner margin, less so on outer margin; fringe mostly cream, darker basally. Underside nearly uniformly pale bronze. Hindwing pale cream throughout; fringe pale cream, concolorous with wing. Underside pale cream.
+
+
+Abdomen: Cream. Male genitalia (
+Fig. 21
+) as described for genus. Female genitalia (
+Fig. 40
+) as described for genus.
+
+
+Types
+.
+
+Holotype
+♂
+,
+Argentina
+,
+Salta Province
+, 72:
+Rosario de la Frontera
+, Los Baños, [
+
+770 m
+
+],
+
+11 Apr 1979
+
+, Mision Cientifica Danesa (
+NHMD
+).
+
+
+
+
+Paratypes
+(
+2♂
+,
+1♀
+).
+Argentina
+:
+Salta Province
+: 72:
+Rosario de la Frontera
+, Los Baños,
+
+6 Apr 1979
+
+(
+2♂
+),
+
+9 Apr 1979
+
+(
+1♀
+), Mision Cientifica Danesa (
+NHMD
+)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution and biology
+. This species is recorded only from
+Salta Province
+,
+Argentina
+, at about
+770 m
+elevation. All specimens were captured in April. The biology is unknown.
+
+
+
+
+Etymology
+. The specific epithet refers to the
+type
+locality of Rosario de la Frontera.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/62/6F/65/626F651B187FFF91FF3815C6FB28FE4B.xml b/data/62/6F/65/626F651B187FFF91FF3815C6FB28FE4B.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f491f940427
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/62/6F/65/626F651B187FFF91FF3815C6FB28FE4B.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+
+
+
+New genera and species of tortricid moths from Chile and Argentina (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Brown, John W.
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+51
+90
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.2
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.2
+1175-5326
+14389841
+BEBB4D36-855E-4AD3-829D-A3B2B17B81B7
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Transtilliana biloba
+Brown
+
+,
+new species
+
+
+
+
+LSIDurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
+F579EA57-A235-41AC-B9A5-9F4EF49F852C
+
+
+
+
+(
+Figs. 3, 4
+,
+22
+,
+41
+)
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis
+.
+
+Transtilliana
+
+is described as monotypic. Hence, the species
+
+T. biloba
+
+can be distinguished from other species by details given in the diagnosis of the genus above. The combination of a somewhat narrow valva with a concave outer margin, and a bilobed transtilla are unique to this species.
+
+
+
+
+Description
+. Head: Vertex and frons scaling uniformly pale gray-brown; antenna with dorsal scales cream; scales of labial palpus pale gray brown with white tips on outer surface, cream on inner surface.
+
+
+Thorax: Dorsum scaling pale gray-brown, tegula slightly darker brown. Legs tan mixed with white, with conspicuous cream annulations at junctions of segments. Forewing length
+7.5‒8.5 mm
+(n = 5) in male, 9.0 mm (n = 1) in female; forewing ground color pale tan with scattered small brown specks nearly throughout; distinct brown dot at apex of discal cell bordered basally by isolated spot of ground color; costal 0.4 of wing variably overscaled with darker brown except for small, oblique, subrectangular patch of ground color just before mid-wing and similar, smaller, less defined patch ca. 0.6 distance from wing base; termen with row of small, faint brown dots, sometimes forming contiguous narrow band; costa with four small, weak, white strigulae evenly distributed from mid-wing to apex; fringe mostly cream with small, evenly spaced patches of pale tan. Forewing underside nearly uniformly brown, with small, cream, costal strigulae of upperside. Hindwing dark grayish brown, darker in outer 0.4, slightly mottled; fringe white. Underside grayish cream, strongly mottled with gray brown.
+
+
+Abdomen: Gray-brown, with variably developed transverse patch of cream scales at junction of each segment. Male genitalia (
+Fig. 22
+) as described for genus. Female genitalia (
+Fig. 41
+) as described for genus.
+
+
+Types
+.
+
+Holotype
+♂
+,
+Argentina
+,
+Neuquén Province
+, 41:
+Lago Lacar
+,
+Pucará
+,
+
+650 m
+
+,
+
+26‒27 Dec 1981
+
+,
+Nielsen
+&
+Karsholt
+(
+NHMD
+).
+
+
+
+
+Paratypes
+(
+12♂
+,
+1♀
+).
+Argentina
+:
+Neuquén Province
+: 9:
+Lago Lacar
+,
+Pucará
+,
+
+750 m
+
+,
+
+26 Dec 1978
+
+(
+6♂
+,
+1♀
+),
+Mision Cientifica Danesa
+(
+NHMD
+), 41:
+
+650 m
+
+,
+
+26‒27 Dec 1981
+
+(
+4♂
+),
+
+28‒29 Nov 1981
+
+(
+1♂
+),
+Nielsen
+&
+Karsholt
+(
+NHMD
+).
+Ruca Malen
+, 40˚37’S, 71˚43’W,
+
+29 Dec 1993
+
+(
+1♂
+),
+C. & O. Flint
+(
+USNM
+)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution and biology
+. This species is recorded only from
+Neuquén Province
+,
+Argentina
+, at elevations of
+
+650‒
+750 m
+
+. All specimens were captured in December. Nothing is known of the life history.
+
+
+
+
+Etymology
+. The specific epithet refers to the bilobed median process of the transtilla.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/F4/7E/87/F47E879B7C416F18FF54FE50FAA5435C.xml b/data/F4/7E/87/F47E879B7C416F18FF54FE50FAA5435C.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c860dcdf21a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/F4/7E/87/F47E879B7C416F18FF54FE50FAA5435C.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+
+
+
+Eggs of Perlidae (Insecta, Plecoptera) of the Russian Far East
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Teslenko, Valentina A.
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+91
+115
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.3
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.3
+1175-5326
+14389957
+8898D059-5E78-451F-8646-D47D4A1A8BE9
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Agnetina brevipennis
+(
+Navás, 1912
+)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Figs. 40−44
+
+
+
+
+Material examined.
+
+Russia
+,
+Far East
+,
+Yakutia
+:
+1♂
+,
+1♀
+, 1 L,
+Chulman River
+, above
+Neryungi town
+,
+Lena River
+basin,
+
+23.07.2010
+
+
+,
+
+coll.
+V
+.
+Teslenko
+;
+1♂
+,
+1♀
+Sinyaya River
+, near
+Pokoyashcichsya Skal
+, about
+80 km
+before the confluence with
+Lena River
+,
+
+2.08.2023
+
+, coll.
+A. Rasshchepkina
+
+;
+
+Amurskaya Oblast
+,
+1♀
+,
+Tu River
+,
+Zeya River
+basin,
+Amur
+River
+basin,
+
+10.09.2007
+
+, coll.
+E. Makarchenko.
+
+
+
+Egg
+. Elongate oval (
+Fig. 40
+), length 340‒379 µm, width near equator 256‒260 µm (n=4); the anterior pole is narrower than the posterior pole, and tapering smoothly beyond the equator to a broadly rounded tip (
+Fig. 40
+). Collar nipple-shaped and set on a thickened subapical plate resembling a ring-shaped chorionic fold; at the collar base there is an additional thin rim surrounded by small pits (
+Figs. 41‒42
+). Anchor is roughly umbrella-shaped (
+Fig. 40
+), but it was not possible to determine the shape more precisely since the eggs were linked together by anchor plates that could not be separated without destroying them. The chorion surface is irregularly granular, with shallow hexagonal FCIs and shallow punctuation within the cells (
+Figs. 40, 42‒43
+). The area between the micropylar line and the anterior pole is almost smooth with hexagonal FCIs but without punctuation, occupying about 1/3 of the egg length (
+Figs. 40, 42‒44
+). Micropyles are located in a subequatorial position near the anterior pole (
+Figs. 40, 42‒43
+); the sperm guides are distinct, medium-length, tunnel-shaped, and located obliquely to the chorion axis; orifices are oval, sessile, small, and slightly raised above the chorionic surface (
+Figs. 40‒44
+).
+
+
+
+
+Comments.
+The egg of
+
+A. brevipennis
+
+was first briefly described by
+Zwick (1984)
+, then by
+
+Sivec
+et al.
+(2005)
+
+, with comments on size and shape. Our supplementary description agrees with the original description of these features.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution.
+East Palaearctic species that is widespread from the Altai, Sayan Mountains, through
+Mongolia
+and
+China
+(
+
+Zhu
+et al.
+2006
+
+) to the Russian Far East, including Sakhalin Island and the south of the Magadan Oblast. The report of
+
+A. brevipennis
+
+in
+Poland
+in
+Plecoptera
+Species File (
+
+DeWalt
+et al.
+2023
+
+) requires confirmation.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/F4/7E/87/F47E879B7C416F18FF54FF1CFD8C472C.xml b/data/F4/7E/87/F47E879B7C416F18FF54FF1CFD8C472C.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..898d975620d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/F4/7E/87/F47E879B7C416F18FF54FF1CFD8C472C.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+
+
+
+Eggs of Perlidae (Insecta, Plecoptera) of the Russian Far East
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Teslenko, Valentina A.
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+91
+115
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.3
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.3
+1175-5326
+14389957
+8898D059-5E78-451F-8646-D47D4A1A8BE9
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Neoperla zhiltzovae
+Teslenko, 2012
+
+
+
+
+
+The species is known only from the
+types
+; the females had immature eggs (
+Teslenko 2012
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+East Asian
+mainland species with limited distribution in the Russian Far East, on the south
+Primorsky Krai
+, in the
+Ilistaya River
+, the
+
+Khanka
+Lake
+
+Basin
+
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/F4/7E/87/F47E879B7C416F1DFF54FA08FEAA440A.xml b/data/F4/7E/87/F47E879B7C416F1DFF54FA08FEAA440A.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..dabd62f44d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/F4/7E/87/F47E879B7C416F1DFF54FA08FEAA440A.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+
+
+
+Eggs of Perlidae (Insecta, Plecoptera) of the Russian Far East
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Teslenko, Valentina A.
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+91
+115
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.3
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.3
+1175-5326
+14389957
+8898D059-5E78-451F-8646-D47D4A1A8BE9
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Agnetina extrema
+(
+Navás, 1912
+)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Figs. 45‒50
+
+
+
+
+Material examined.
+
+Russia
+,
+Far East
+,
+Amurskaya Oblast
+:
+7♂
+,
+1♀
+,
+Bolshie Simichi River
+,
+Bureya River
+basin,
+Amur
+River
+basin,
+
+4.07.2014
+
+
+,
+
+coll.
+V
+.
+Teslenko
+;
+2♀
+,
+Bolshaya Maccha River
+,
+Amur
+River
+basin,
+
+3.07.2013
+
+
+,
+
+coll.
+V
+.
+Teslenko
+;
+Jewish Autonomous Oblast
+:
+2♂
+,
+1♀
+,
+Bira River
+, about
+4 km
+below the
+Zhelty Yar village
+, 31.07.−
+
+3.08.2003
+
+
+,
+
+coll.
+T
+.
+Tiunova
+;
+1♀
+,
+Bastak Nature Reserve
+,
+Maly Sorennak River
+,
+Amur
+River
+basin,
+
+18.07.2022
+
+
+,
+
+coll.
+T
+.
+Vshivkova
+;
+Khabarovsk Krai
+:
+7♂
+,
+2♀
+,
+Sel’gon River
+, railway bridge,
+Amur
+River
+basin,
+
+29.06.2010
+
+, coll.
+I. Tiunov
+
+;
+
+1♂
+,
+Pokha River
+,
+Bol’shaya Khurba River
+basin,
+Amur
+River
+basin,
+
+11.07. 2010
+
+, coll.
+N. Yavorskaya
+
+;
+
+7♂
+,
+2♀
+,
+Khoidur River
+,
+
+18.08.1997
+
+
+,
+
+coll.
+T
+.
+Tiunova
+;
+1♀
+,
+Levaya Silinka River
+,
+Amur
+River
+basin,
+
+29.07.2006
+
+, coll.
+E. Makarchenko.
+
+
+
+Egg
+. Oval (
+Fig. 45
+), length 337–374 µm and width at the equator 280–283 µm (n=2); the posterior pole is wider than the anterior pole; the anterior pole is narrow and rounded (
+Figs. 45‒46
+). Collar nipple-shaped and set on a thin subapical plate; the additional thin rim around the collar base is weakly expressed (
+Fig. 48
+). Anchor plate is umbrella-shaped (
+Figs. 45, 47
+), wide, and covers a subapical ring; the anchor surface is studded with mushroom bodies distributed irregularly and densely towards the peripheral edge; the center of the anchor plate is devoid of bodies (
+Figs. 45, 47
+). Chorion surface is covered throughout with hexagonal FCIs with shallow pits (
+Figs. 45−46, 49−50
+). The area between the micropylar line and the anterior pole is almost smooth with hexagonal FCIs but without punctuation, occupying about 1/5 of the egg length (
+Figs. 46, 49
+). The micropylar line is located close to the anterior pole; the sperm guides are tunnel-shaped and located obliquely to the chorion axis; the orifices without rims (
+Figs. 49‒50
+) are surrounded by FCI rosettes resembling flowers (
+Figs. 46, 49‒50
+).
+
+
+
+
+FIGURES 40–44.
+
+Agnetina brevipennis
+(
+Navás, 1912
+)
+
+. Russia, Far East, Yakutia, Chulman River, above Neryungri town, Lena River basin. Egg, cleaned. 40. Habitus with several anchors glued together, lateral. 41. Collar with a thickened subapical plate, dorsolateral. 42. Habitus, collar, subapical plate, chorion structure, micropylar row, lateral. 43. The chorion structure in the micropylar line area, lateral. 44. Orifices and the sperm guides, lateral.
+
+
+
+
+FIGURES 45–50.
+
+Agnetina extrema
+(
+Navás, 1912
+)
+
+. Russia, Far East, Amurskaya Oblast, Bolshie Simichi River, Bureya River basin, Amur River basin. Egg, cleaned. 45. Habitus, with anchor, lateral. 46. Habitus, collar, subapical plate, chorion structure, micropylar row, lateral. 47. Anchor plate with band of globular bodies along edge, dorsolateral. 48. Collar nipple-shaped with a thin subapical plate, dorsolateral. 49. Anterior pole, chorion structure, micropylar row, orifices surrounded by rosettes, lateral. 50. Micropyle, the chorion structure, orifice, and the sperm guide, lateral.
+
+
+
+
+Comments.
+The egg of
+
+A. extrema
+
+was first briefly described by
+
+Sivec
+et al.
+(2005)
+
+, including size and shape. Our supplementary description partly agrees with the original description of these features. According to our data, the egg length of
+
+A. extrema
+
+is shorter than previously noted and shorter than the egg length of
+
+A. brevipennis
+
+. The eggs of both species differ not only in size but also in shape: in
+
+A. brevipennis
+
+, the egg is oval-elongated; the anterior pole is widely rounded, while in
+
+A. extrema
+
+, the anterior pole is noticeably narrowed. In
+
+A. extrema
+
+, the smooth region with hexagonal FCIs without punctuation between the micropylar line and the anterior pole occupies about 1/5 of the egg length, while in
+
+A.
+brevipennis
+
+, the smooth region occupies about one-third of the egg length.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution
+. East Palaearctic, mainland, widespread from Siberia (Krasnoyarsky Krai, Transbaikalia) to the Russian Far East (south Yakutia, Amurskaya Oblast, Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Khabarovsk Krai, Primorsky Krai).
+Mongolia
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/F4/7E/87/F47E879B7C436F1AFF54FC28FAF9419B.xml b/data/F4/7E/87/F47E879B7C436F1AFF54FC28FAF9419B.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5159f775f37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/F4/7E/87/F47E879B7C436F1AFF54FC28FAF9419B.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+
+
+
+Eggs of Perlidae (Insecta, Plecoptera) of the Russian Far East
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Teslenko, Valentina A.
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+91
+115
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.3
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.3
+1175-5326
+14389957
+8898D059-5E78-451F-8646-D47D4A1A8BE9
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Neoperla goguryeo
+Murányi & Li, 2015
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Figs. 35−39
+
+
+
+
+Material examined.
+
+Russia
+,
+Far East
+,
+Primorsky Krai
+:
+3♂
+,
+7♀
+,
+Kabarga River
+,
+Ussuri River
+basin,
+Amur
+River
+basin,
+
+6.08.1999
+
+
+,
+
+coll.
+V
+.
+Teslenko
+;
+2♂
+,
+13♀
+, same place,
+at light trap
+, coll.
+T
+.
+Arefina
+;
+1♂
+,
+8♀
+, same place,
+
+25.07.2003
+
+
+,
+
+coll.
+V
+.
+Lyubaretz
+;
+1♂
+,
+53♀
+,
+Kabarga River
+,
+Ussuri River
+basin, near bridge,
+
+9.08.2004
+
+, coll.
+X. Semenchenko.
+
+
+
+Egg
+. Barrel-shaped (
+Fig. 35
+), chorion brown, total length 369−408 μm, equatorial width 204−216 μm (n=5). Anchor umbrella-shaped with a long pedicel (
+Fig. 36
+), the anchor surface appeared with polygonal units, globular bodies mainly single, distributed on the whole anchor plate, but denser located in the peripheral area along the anchor edge; at the top, a single globular body is in the center of each hexagonal unit (
+Figs. 36−37
+). Collar is sessile with an indistinct flange, wide, and surrounded by three irregular rows of coarse cells: the first row includes elongated trapezoid cells; the second row has pentagonal cells; and the third row is arranged with hexagonal-shaped cells punctured (
+Figs. 35–37
+). Сhorion is covered with long and short alternating triplets; ribs thicker and raised near the collar and lid; near the collar, the thickened ribs in each triplet are pointed and slightly tuberculate (
+Figs. 35−36
+). Lid is ringed by irregular rows of distinct deep hexagonal FCIs (ca. 40 FCIs visible laterally) with fine punctations on the floors; the walls are raised, thick, and smooth (
+Figs. 35, 38
+). Micropyles are situated subequatorial, closer to the anterior pole; each micropyle is located in the median row of a triplet; orifices have a small, semi-oval sperm guide (
+Figs. 35, 39
+). Chorionic structure on an external membrane bears scattered single globular bodies, distinctly smaller than globular bodies on the anchor surface (
+Figs. 35, 38
+).
+
+
+
+
+Comments
+. This complementary report of the egg is consistent with the original description of the egg of
+
+N. goguryeo
+(
+
+Murányi
+et al.
+2015
+
+)
+
+. The egg of
+
+N. goguryeo
+
+is very similar to that of
+
+N. ussurica
+;
+
+both species belong to the
+
+Neoperla (Formosita) lushana
+
+group, in which the chorion structure of eggs in all known species has triplets (
+Zwick & Sivec 1980
+,
+Zwick 2023
+). In the collar area, both species are distinguished by thickened ribs in each triplet: on
+
+N. goguryeo
+
+, the thickened ribs of the triplet are pointed and slightly tuberculate; on the
+
+N. ussurica
+
+triplets, the thickened ribs in the collar area are smooth.
+
+Neoperla ussurica
+
+differs also in the shape of the anterior pole, which is significantly narrower than that of
+
+N. goguryeo
+
+(
+Figs. 30
+,
+35
+). The
+
+N. ussurica
+
+lid has fewer FCI rows than the
+
+N. goguryeo
+
+lid (
+Figs. 33
+,
+38
+). In addition, the collar of
+
+N. ussurica
+
+is surrounded by two irregular rows of coarse polygonal cells, and the number of rows of such cells in
+
+N. goguryeo
+
+reaches three (
+Figs. 31
+,
+37
+).
+
+
+
+
+Distribution.
+East Asian mainland species with limited distribution in
+North Korea
+(
+
+Murányi
+et al.
+2015
+
+),
+South Korea
+(
+Hwang & Murányi 2020
+), and in Primorsky Krai of the Russian Far East, in Kabarga River, Ussuri River basin, Amur River basin. The species is recorded here in the Russian Far East for the first time.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/F4/7E/87/F47E879B7C446F02FF54F932FDA64450.xml b/data/F4/7E/87/F47E879B7C446F02FF54F932FDA64450.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b5bdebfb8b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/F4/7E/87/F47E879B7C446F02FF54F932FDA64450.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+
+
+
+Eggs of Perlidae (Insecta, Plecoptera) of the Russian Far East
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Teslenko, Valentina A.
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+91
+115
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.3
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.3
+1175-5326
+14389957
+8898D059-5E78-451F-8646-D47D4A1A8BE9
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kamimuria lyubaretzi
+Teslenko, 2006
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Figs. 57‒61
+
+
+
+
+Material examined.
+
+Russia
+,
+Far East
+,
+Primorsky Krai
+:
+Paratypes
+,
+10♂
+,
+6♀
+,
+Krounovka River
+,
+Razdolnaya River
+basin,
+43º41.81’N
+,
+131º36.50’E
+, reared,
+21–25.
+
+VII
+.2004,
+
+coll.
+V
+.
+Teslenko
+;
+1♀
+,
+Medvediza Stream
+,
+Krounovka River
+basin,
+Razdolnaya River
+basin,
+43º 33.73’N
+,
+131º 27.80’E
+,
+14.
+
+VIII
+.2002,
+
+coll.
+T
+.
+Tiunova
+;
+1♀
+,
+Kievka River
+basin, near
+Laso
+settlement,
+43º22.91’N
+,
+133º 55.03’E
+,
+24.
+
+VII
+.2005, coll.
+S. Storozhenko
+;
+
+1♂
+,
+1♀
+,
+Sukhodol River
+,
+
+19.08.2013
+
+, coll.
+E. Gorovaya.
+
+
+
+
+FIGURES 51–56.
+
+Kamimuria exilis
+(
+McLachlan, 1872
+)
+
+. Russia, Far East, Primorsky Krai, Kedrovaya Pad Nature Reserve, Kedrovaya River. Egg, cleaned. 51. Habitus, lateral. 52. Habitus, dorsolateral. 53. Anchor plate with grouped globular bodies, lateral. 54. Collar, lateral. 55. Anterior pole, chorion structure, micropylar row, orifices surrounded by rosettes, lateral. 56. Uncleaned egg, habitus, lateral.
+
+
+
+
+FIGURES 57–61.
+
+Kamimuria lyubaretzi
+Teslenko, 2006
+
+. Russia, Far East, Primorsky Krai, Krounovka River, Razdolnaya River basin. Egg, cleaned. 57. Habitus, lateral. 58. Habitus, caudal. 59. Anchor plate, collar, and pedicel, lateral. 60. Collar, lateral. 61. Micropyle, chorion structure, lateral.
+
+
+
+Egg.
+Regular oval-shaped (
+Fig. 57
+), total length 440 μm, equatorial width 320 μm (n = 1). Collar stalked, short, and moderately wide, rim flanged, and irregularly incised; sides with weakly incised ribs (
+Figs. 59−60
+). Anchor is mushroom-shaped and flat; the pedicel is relatively long (
+Fig. 59
+). The anchor surface is covered with globular bodies distributing over the whole area of the anchor plate (
+Fig. 59
+). Chorion is covered with puncture-like follicle cell impressions; pits uniform, coarse, round shaped with equally shallow depth at the equator and poles (
+Figs. 57−58, 61
+); follicle cell impression walls are not elevated. The micropylar line is closer to the anterior pole (
+Fig. 57−58
+); the micropylar canals are not visible; orifices are very small, poorly visible, and directed towards the equator without noticeable rosettes (
+Figs. 57, 61
+).
+
+
+
+
+Comments.
+The egg of this species differs from that of
+
+K. exilis
+
+in the chorion structure, which is coarsely regularly pitted throughout and the follicle cell impression walls are not elevated. The chorion of
+
+K. exilis
+
+is covered with coarse and deep pits of varying size and shape, especially in the micropylar area, where the orifices are surrounded by rosettes of large petal-shaped pits; the walls of the pits are smooth, wide, and raised above floors.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution
+.
+
+Kamimuria lyubaretzi
+
+was found in the south of Primorsky Krai, mostly in the streams of the East Manchurian Mountains in the Krounovka River, Razdolnaya River Basin. This species has also been reported from
+South Korea
+(
+Hwang & Murányi 2020
+).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/F4/7E/87/F47E879B7C446F1DFF54FD30FC94400B.xml b/data/F4/7E/87/F47E879B7C446F1DFF54FD30FC94400B.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..66872ca1d3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/F4/7E/87/F47E879B7C446F1DFF54FD30FC94400B.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+
+
+
+Eggs of Perlidae (Insecta, Plecoptera) of the Russian Far East
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Teslenko, Valentina A.
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+91
+115
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.3
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.3
+1175-5326
+14389957
+8898D059-5E78-451F-8646-D47D4A1A8BE9
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kamimuria exilis
+(
+McLachlan, 1872
+)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Figs. 51‒56
+
+
+
+
+Material examined.
+
+Russia
+,
+Far East
+,
+Yakutia
+:
+1♀
+,
+Iengra River
+,
+Yukhta Nature Reserve
+,
+
+27.07.2006
+
+
+,
+
+coll.
+T
+.
+Tiunova
+;
+Khabarovsk Krai
+:
+
+1
+♂
+
+,
+
+3
+♀
+
+, upstream
+Anyuy River
+,
+Amur
+River
+basin,
+
+27.08.2012
+
+
+,
+
+coll.
+V
+.
+Lyubaretz
+;
+1♂
+,
+1♀
+,
+Tyrma River
+,
+1.2 km
+above the mouth,
+Amur
+River
+basin,
+
+21.07.2005
+
+
+,
+
+coll.
+T
+.
+Nikulina
+;
+5♂
+,
+1♀
+,
+Chuya River
+,
+Nelkan
+settlement,
+
+6.08.1999
+
+
+,
+
+coll.
+T
+.
+Tiunova
+;
+Primorsky Krai
+:
+1♀
+,
+Pasechnaya River
+(
+Kievka River
+Basin),
+Lazo
+settlement,
+
+24.07.2005
+
+, coll.
+Yu. Sundukov
+
+;
+
+3♂
+,
+4♀
+,
+Kedrovaya Pad Nature Reserve
+,
+Kedrovaya River
+,
+UV
+light trap,
+
+3.08.1973
+
+, coll.
+Nadezhdina.
+
+
+
+Egg.
+Rounded oval (
+Figs. 51, 56
+), length 460−438 μm, equatorial width 324−353 μm (n=4). Collar stalked, rim flanged, and irregularly incised; sides of collar with regularly spaced ridges (
+Figs. 51, 54
+). Anchor is mushroom-shaped, the pedicel long (
+Figs. 53, 56
+). The anchor surface is covered with hexagonal units and globular bodies (6–11) grouped in the center of units distributed over the entire surface of the anchor plate; the anchor edge has margined triangular projections on which single or paired globular bodies are located (
+Fig. 53
+). Chorion is covered with coarse and deep pits of varying size and shape; the walls of the pits are smooth, wide, and raised above floors; the quadrangular pits at the posterior pole are replaced by relatively uniform, rounded pits in the equator; in the micropylar area, the micropyles are surrounded by rosettes of large petal-shaped pits (
+Figs. 51, 55
+). A row of micropyles is closer to the anterior pole; the micropylar canals or sperm guides are short, located on the walls of the pits, and directed obliquely to the anterior pole; orifices are without rims (
+Figs. 51, 55
+). The extrachorionic adhesive layer has hexagonal FCI’s throughout, bearing single or paired mushroom bodies (larger than globular bodies on the anchor) in the center of each FCI (
+Fig. 56
+).
+
+
+
+
+Distribution:
+East Palaearctic species, widespread across mainland and island Asia.
+Russia
+, Siberia: Krasnoyarsky Krai, Transbaikalia; Far East: south of Yakutia, Amurskaya Oblast,
+Jewish Autonomous Oblast
+,
+Khabarovsk Krai
+,
+Primorsky Krai
+, Kunashir, and
+Sakhalin
+Islands.
+
+K. exilis
+
+occurs in
+Mongolia
+. Larvae of this species have been collected from the Han River, Chiaksan National Park,
+South Korea
+, and from the Shene River, Songhua River basin, Liaoeling Range,
+China
+(
+Teslenko 2006a
+).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/F4/7E/87/F47E879B7C496F17FF54FF54FA7841B2.xml b/data/F4/7E/87/F47E879B7C496F17FF54FF54FA7841B2.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..eac107124f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/F4/7E/87/F47E879B7C496F17FF54FF54FA7841B2.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+
+
+
+Eggs of Perlidae (Insecta, Plecoptera) of the Russian Far East
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Teslenko, Valentina A.
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+91
+115
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.3
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.3
+1175-5326
+14389957
+8898D059-5E78-451F-8646-D47D4A1A8BE9
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Flavoperla okamotoi
+(
+Zhiltzova, 1979
+)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Figs. 8−18
+
+
+
+
+Material examined.
+
+Russia
+,
+Far East
+,
+Sakhalinskaya Oblast
+,
+Kunashir Island
+:
+1♂
+,
+1♀
+,
+Valentina River
+, vicinity of the
+Tretyakovo village
+,
+
+3.08.1973
+
+
+;
+
+3♂
+,
+2♀
+,
+Lesnaya River
+,
+1 km
+above the confluence with the
+Kislaya River
+,
+
+27.07.1997
+
+
+,
+
+coll.
+V
+.
+Teslenko
+;
+1♀
+,
+Lesnaya River
+, vicinity of
+Yuzhno-Kurilsk
+,
+
+11.08.1998
+
+
+,
+
+coll.
+V
+.
+Teslenko
+;
+1♀
+,
+Tretyakovo village
+,
+
+21.08.2013
+
+, coll.
+Yu. Sundukov.
+
+
+
+
+FIGURES 8‒14.
+
+Flavoperla okamotoi
+(
+Zhiltzova, 1979
+)
+
+. Russia, Far East, Sakhalinskaya Oblast, Kunashir Island, Valentina River. 8. Habitus, cleaned, a string-type anchor, lid, operculum, micropylar row, lateral. 9. Habitus, cleaned, without anchor, lateral. 10. Anchor with an octopus-like strings, globular bodies at the top, and hexagonal units between the cushion of globular bodies and the string bases, lateral. 11. Collar, with turned down rim, lateral. 12. Anterior pole, lid and operculum line, lateral. 13. Lid, dorsolateral. 14. Micropylar row, simple orifices, the chorion structure.
+
+
+
+
+FIGURES 15‒18.
+
+Flavoperla okamotoi
+(
+Zhiltzova, 1979
+)
+
+. Russia, Far East, Sakhalinskaya Oblast, Kunashir Island, Valentina River. 15. Habitus, uncleaned, lateral. 16. Extrachorion layer covered chorion, micropylar row, orifices surrounded by rosettes, lateral. 17. Anchor and shoulder with a network of large hexagonal follicle cell imprints with raised, thin walls, lateral. 18. Same, dorsal.
+
+
+
+Egg.
+Spindle-shaped (
+Figs. 8−9
+,
+15
+), a length of 379–414 µm and a width at the equator of 281–287 µm (n=4). Collar is stalked and relatively high; the rim is turned down and pressed tightly against the collar wall (
+Figs. 8–11
+). Anchor has several strings with an octopus-like appearance (
+Figs. 8, 10
+,
+15, 17−18
+); the surface of the anchor strings is unmodified, reaching 1/3 of the egg length (
+Figs. 8
+,
+15
+). The anchor plate is densely covered with large globular bodies evenly distributed at the top (
+Figs. 8, 10
+,
+17−18
+); the surface of the anchor plate between the cushion of globular bodies and the string bases is covered with short vertical and long horizontal rods, which are arranged in hexagonal units in 3–4 rows (
+Figs. 10
+,
+17
+). On the extrachorionic adhesive layer of the uncleaned eggs in the shoulder area, there is a network of large hexagonal-shaped follicle cell imprints (FCIs) with distinct raised walls towards the base of the collar (
+Fig. 15, 17–18
+). Micropylar row subequatorial; orifices (> 9) are simple, much larger than the chorionic punctations (
+Figs. 8−9, 14
+) and surrounded by hexagonal rosettes, which are noticeable only on an uncleaned egg (
+Figs. 15−16
+). The chorionic surface of a cleaned egg is covered with shallow and distinct punctations throughout; pentagonal or hexagonal FCIs are weakly recognizable only on the lid (
+Figs. 12−13
+); lid rounded, and the opercular ring is raised and slightly sinuous (
+Figs. 8−9, 12−13
+,
+15
+); the operculum line has dense and tiny punctations (
+Figs. 12−13
+).
+
+
+
+
+Comments.
+In contrast to the Chinese species
+
+F. yangi
+Mo, Li & Murányi, 2021
+
+and
+
+F. retusata
+Mo, Li & Wang, 2021
+
+(
+
+Mo
+et al.
+2021
+
+), the
+
+F. okamotoi
+
+egg is distinguished by additional anchor structures between the cushion of globular bodies and the string bases, high collar, punctured lid stripe, and operculum shape.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution.
+East Asian insular species, whose distribution is limited by the
+Sakhalin
+and Kunashir Islands.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/F4/7E/87/F47E879B7C4B6F12FF54FD05FF1F40D0.xml b/data/F4/7E/87/F47E879B7C4B6F12FF54FD05FF1F40D0.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..53043079635
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/F4/7E/87/F47E879B7C4B6F12FF54FD05FF1F40D0.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+
+
+
+Eggs of Perlidae (Insecta, Plecoptera) of the Russian Far East
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Teslenko, Valentina A.
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+91
+115
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.3
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.3
+1175-5326
+14389957
+8898D059-5E78-451F-8646-D47D4A1A8BE9
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Xanthoneuria unimaculata
+(
+Zhiltzova, 1981
+)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Figs. 1–7
+
+
+
+
+Material examined
+.
+
+Russia
+, Far East,
+Jewish
+
+
+Avtonomnaya Oblast
+
+:
+
+2♀
+,
+Kuldur River
+(
+Bira
+R
+. basin,
+Amur
+R
+. basin),
+
+2 km
+below Dvurechye village
+
+,
+
+19.08.2003
+
+, coll.
+T
+.
+Tiunova
+
+;
+
+3♀
+,
+Kuldur River
+,
+
+4 km
+below Dvurechye village
+
+,
+
+18.07.2005
+
+, coll.
+T
+.
+Tiunova
+
+;
+
+5♀
+,
+Bira River
+,
+Amur
+
+
+River
+basin,
+Razdolnoye village
+,
+
+4.08.2005
+
+, coll.
+T
+.
+Tiunova
+;
+Primorsky Krai
+
+:
+
+1♀
+, an unnamed stream near the fish factory,
+Barabashevka River
+basin,
+
+26.08.2002
+
+, coll.
+T
+.
+Tiunova
+
+.
+
+
+Egg.
+Ovoid (
+Figs. 1–2
+), beige, length of 364–396 µm, and width at the equator of 260–285 µm (n=9). Egg is 1/4–1/2 its length covered with a large, thin, and cap-like anchor with a low star-shaped collar attachment to the chorion tightly (
+Figs. 1−3, 6−7
+). The globular bodies on the anchor surface are small and concentrated into longitudinally elongated groups of a vaguely hexagonal shape, located in a peripheral area along the anchor edge, and form a circular band whose length does not exceed 1/3 of the anchor length (
+Figs. 1, 6−7
+); the top of the anchor has an unmodified surface (
+Figs. 1, 6−7
+). The chorion has minute punctures inside the shallow hexagonal follicle cell impressions, faintly visible in the anterior and posterior poles; in the equatorial region, the chorion surface appears smooth (
+Figs. 6−7
+). A row of micropyles is located behind the equator, closer to the anterior pole (
+Figs. 1−6
+). Micropylar canals are tunnel-shaped, straight, and relatively long; orifices are raised slightly and surrounded by an oval sperm guide (
+Figs. 4−5
+).
+
+
+
+
+Comments.
+The
+
+X. unimaculata
+
+egg is similar to the
+
+X. fulva
+(
+Klapálek, 1907
+)
+
+egg from
+Japan
+(Honshu) in shape appearance and cap-like anchor covering 1/2 of the egg, in the circular distribution of globular bodies in the peripheral anchor area, in chorion structure with minute punctures and shallow hexagonal follicle cell impressions, and in the shape of micropylar canals (
+Isobe 1997
+,
+
+Uchida
+et al
+. 2011
+
+). The more conspicuous details of the chorion structures in
+
+X. fulva
+
+as well as
+
+X. jouklii
+(
+Klapálek, 1907
+)
+
+were not observed (
+Isobe 1997
+). The only difference with
+
+X. unimaculata
+
+is the presence of a low stellate collar attachment to the chorion tightly. Eggs of
+
+Xanthoneuria
+(
+
+Uchida
+et al.
+2011
+
+)
+
+are thought to lack a collar, although a similar structure has been identified in
+
+X. fulva
+
+and referred to as an “anchor attachment” (
+Isobe 1997
+).
+
+
+
+
+Distribution.
+East Asian mainland species with distribution limited by the Russian Far East (south of Amurskaya Oblast, Jewish Avtonomnaya Oblast, and south of Primorsky Krai).
+
+Xanthoneuria unimaculata
+
+has been reported also from
+Korea
+without any detailed locality (
+Uchida 1990
+,
+
+Uchida
+et al.
+2011
+
+) and
+North Korea
+(
+
+Murányi
+et al.
+2016
+
+).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/F4/7E/87/F47E879B7C4F6F16FF54FEACFAC043F3.xml b/data/F4/7E/87/F47E879B7C4F6F16FF54FEACFAC043F3.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..07ca11f0383
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/F4/7E/87/F47E879B7C4F6F16FF54FEACFAC043F3.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+
+
+
+Eggs of Perlidae (Insecta, Plecoptera) of the Russian Far East
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Teslenko, Valentina A.
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+91
+115
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.3
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.3
+1175-5326
+14389957
+8898D059-5E78-451F-8646-D47D4A1A8BE9
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Claassenia brachyptera
+Brinck, 1954
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Figs. 19−29
+
+
+
+
+Material examined.
+
+Russia
+,
+Far East
+,
+Amurskaya Oblast
+
+:
+
+1♀
+,
+Zeya River
+,
+Amur
+
+
+River
+basin,
+Zagan village
+,
+
+02.08.2005
+
+, coll.
+T
+.
+Tiunova
+
+;
+
+1♀
+,
+Zeya River
+,
+Sokhatino village
+,
+
+19.07.2006
+
+, coll.
+T
+.
+Tiunova
+
+;
+
+9♂
+,
+Zeya River
+,
+1 km
+above the bridge near the
+Krasnoyarovo village
+,
+Amur
+
+
+River
+basin,
+
+20.08.2004
+
+, coll.
+V
+.
+Teslenko
+
+;
+
+3♂
+,
+1♀
+,
+Bureya River
+,
+Amur
+
+
+River
+basin,
+
+500 m
+
+below the
+Kulikovka village
+,
+
+17.08.2003
+
+, coll.
+T
+.
+Tiunova
+;
+Primorsky Krai
+
+,
+
+9♂
+,
+12♀
+,
+Ussuri River
+,
+Amur
+
+
+River
+basin, below the
+Kamenka village
+,
+
+07.05.1993
+
+, coll.
+V
+.
+Teslenko
+
+;
+
+2♂
+,
+1♀
+, the
+Bolshaya Ussurka River
+,
+Amur
+
+
+River
+basin, a channel below the
+Zvenigorodka village
+,
+
+20.07.1996
+
+, coll.
+T
+.
+Tiunova
+
+.
+
+
+Egg.
+Spindle-shaped (
+Figs. 19−20
+,
+24−25
+), with a total length of 472−485 μm and an equatorial width of 370−380 μm (n=4). Collar is low, button-like, and shoulder-wide (
+Figs. 20–21
+). Anchor is wide and short, cap-shaped; the anchor surface is studded with mushroom bodies distributed irregularly and densely towards the peripheral anchor margin (
+Fig. 19
+). On an uncleaned egg, the anchor is covered with a sticky and gummy-like extrachorionic layer that makes it difficult to separate individual eggs (
+Figs. 28–29
+). The anchor top is sunken and reveals several additional, sophisticated attachment structures, such as long papillary projections (
+Fig. 24
+). The chorion surface is smooth or covered with weak hexagonal FCI’s; the pits are also weak and barely observable; the anterior pole is covered with more prominent follicle cell impressions (
+Figs. 19−20, 22−23
+); and the shoulder surrounding the collar is smooth without FCIs (
+Fig. 21
+). The extrachorionic layer of the uncleaned egg bears a single large (a few times larger than globular bodies on the anchor) mushroom body over each follicle cell impression on the anterior pole (
+Figs. 25–26
+). Micropylar row subequatorial (
+Figs. 19−20, 22
+), orifices set in small cup-like depressions with long, smooth, and open sperm guides extending from cup rims, canals slanted (
+Figs. 22−23
+), and an extrachorion layer around orifices covered with rosettes that look like flowers (
+Figs. 24, 27
+).
+
+
+
+
+Comments.
+Eggs of other East Asian
+
+Claassenia
+Wu, 1934
+species
+
+have not been studied sufficiently to compare them with those of
+
+C. brachypterа
+
+. However, the eggs of
+
+C. brachypterа
+
+have features similar to those of the Nearctic species
+
+C. sabulosa
+(
+Banks, 1900
+)
+
+in habitus, size, structure of the chorion and micropyles, and the armature of the extrachorion layer on the anterior pole (
+Stark & Sivec 2010
+). It should be noted that the range of
+
+C. brachyptera
+
+borders on another East Asian species,
+
+C. radiata
+Klapálek, 1916
+
+. However, it is not possible to compare the eggs of these species since there is no egg description for
+
+C. radiata
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution
+. East Palaearctic species is distributed widely in the temperate zone of the Asian mainland. This species occurs in Siberia
+(
+south of the Krasnoyarskiy Krai, Sayan Mountains, and Yenisei River) and the Far East
+(
+south of Yakutia, Amurskaya Oblast,
+Jewish Autonomous Oblast
+,
+Khabarovsk Krai
+, and
+Primorsky Krai
+)
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/F4/7E/87/F47E879B7C4F6F1AFF54F9BCFE6F4530.xml b/data/F4/7E/87/F47E879B7C4F6F1AFF54F9BCFE6F4530.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..62896ef9cf9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/F4/7E/87/F47E879B7C4F6F1AFF54F9BCFE6F4530.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,336 @@
+
+
+
+Eggs of Perlidae (Insecta, Plecoptera) of the Russian Far East
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Teslenko, Valentina A.
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+91
+115
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.3
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.3
+1175-5326
+14389957
+8898D059-5E78-451F-8646-D47D4A1A8BE9
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Neoperla ussurica
+Zhiltzova &
+Sivec, 1996
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Figs. 30−34
+
+
+
+
+Material examined.
+
+Russia
+, Far East,
+Amurskaya Oblast
+
+:
+
+1♀
+, 5 L,
+Tygda River
+,
+2 km
+above the mouth,
+Amur
+
+
+River
+basin,
+
+13.09.2007
+
+, coll.
+E. Makarchenko
+
+;
+
+2♂
+,
+Zeya River
+,
+1 km
+above the bridge near the
+Krasnoyarovo village
+,
+Amur
+
+
+River
+basin,
+
+20.08.2004
+
+, coll.
+V
+.
+Teslenko
+;
+Khabarovsk Krai
+
+:
+
+7♂
+,
+10♀
+,
+Bikin River
+,
+Amur
+
+
+River
+basin,
+
+50 m
+
+below the auto bridge,
+Khabarovsk-Vladivostok
+highway,
+
+2.07.2005
+
+, coll.
+T
+.
+Tiunova
+;
+Primorsky Krai
+
+:
+
+2♂
+,
+3♀
+,
+Ussuri River
+,
+6 km
+from
+Stepanovka village
+,
+Amur
+
+
+River
+basin,
+
+26.06.1988
+
+, coll.
+V
+.
+Teslenko
+
+;
+
+3♂
+,
+4♀
+,
+Ussuri River
+,
+Stepanovka village
+, behind the apiary,
+Amur
+
+
+River
+basin,
+
+2.07.1987
+
+, coll.
+V
+.
+Teslenko
+
+;
+
+1♂
+,
+3♀
+,
+Ussuri River
+, near
+Stepanovka village
+,
+Amur
+
+
+River
+basin,
+
+19.07.1991
+
+, coll.
+V
+.
+Teslenko
+
+;
+
+1♂
+,
+4♀
+, the same place,
+
+6.08.2004
+
+, coll.
+V
+.
+Lyubaretz
+
+;
+
+1♂
+,
+2♀
+,
+Chernigovka River
+, the
+Gribnoe village
+vicinities,
+
+24.07.1995
+
+, coll.
+V
+.
+Lyubaretz
+
+.
+
+
+
+FIGURES 19–23.
+
+Claassenia brachyptera
+Brinck, 1954
+
+. Russia, Far East, Primorsky Krai, Ussuri River, Amur River basin, below the Kamenka village. Egg, cleaned. 19. Habitus, cap-like anchor with small globular bodies, micropylar row, lateral. 20. Habitus, without anchor, lateral. 21. Collar and shoulder, dorsolateral. 22. Anterior pole, micropylar row, chorion structure, lateral. 23. Micropyle, orifice with sperm guide.
+
+
+
+
+FIGURES 24–29.
+
+Claassenia brachyptera
+Brinck, 1954
+
+. Russia, Far East, Primorsky Krai, Ussuri River, Amur River basin, below the Kamenka village. Egg, uncleaned. 24. Habitus, extrachorionic layer, anchor with long papillary projections, lateral. 25. Habitus, anterior pole with extrachorionic layer, lateral. 26. Anterior pole with extrachorion layer bearing large mushroom bodies in each FCI, lateral. 27. Micropylar row, orifices surrounded by rosettes. 28. Anchor with a sticky and gummy layer, caudal. 29. Eggs connected via attachment anchor discs.
+
+
+
+
+FIGURES 30‒34.
+
+Neoperla ussurica
+Zhiltzova &
+Sivec, 1996
+
+. Russia, Far East, Primorsky Krai, Ussuri River, near Stepanovka village, Amur River basin. Egg. 30. Habitus, lateral. 31. Anchor and sessile collar with two rows of coarse hexagonal and pentagonal cells, lateral. 32. Anchor with single globular bodies, dorsolateral. 33. Anterior pole, lid, lateral. 34. Micropylar row, orifices between striae.
+
+
+
+Egg
+. Barrel-shaped (
+Fig. 30
+), total length 388−406 μm, equatorial width 198−201 μm (n=4). Anchor umbrella-shaped with a long pedicel (
+Figs. 30−32
+); the anchor surface appears with polygonal units, globular bodies mainly single, distributed in the whole surface of the anchor plate but denser located in the peripheral area along the anchor edge (
+Figs. 31−32
+). Collar is sessile, wide, rim-flanged, and irregularly incised; collar is margined by two rows of coarse hexagonal and pentagonal-shaped cells (
+Figs. 30−31
+). Chorion is covered by numerous straight rows of densely placed punctures between numerous straight bare ribs. The puncture rows converge in groups of three (triplets,
+sensu
+Zwick 2023
+) near the collar and lid. Long and short triplets alternate; the chorion ribs are thicker and raised near the collar and lid; thickened ribs near the collar are smooth (
+Figs. 30−31, 33
+). The lid is ringed by irregular rows of distinct deep hexagonal FCIs (ca. 22 visible in the lateral aspect) with fine punctations on the floors; the walls are thick and smooth (
+Fig. 33
+). Micropylar row is subequatorial, closer to the anterior pole; each micropyle is located in the median row of a triplet; orifices interrupt the puncture row, and the micropylar canal has a small, semi-oval sperm guide (
+Figs. 30, 34
+). The chorionic structure of an external membrane bears scattered globular bodies (
+Fig. 33
+).
+
+
+
+
+Comments.
+The egg of
+
+N. ussurica
+
+was briefly described and illustrated with a hand-drawn figure in the original description of this species (
+Sivec & Zhiltzova 1996
+). The egg size in the original description was slightly larger than the size range given here.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution
+. East Palaearctic mainland species that is widely distributed in the Amur River basin from Siberia (Transbaikalia) to the Far East, including Amurskaya Oblast, Jewish Avtonomnaya Oblast, south of Khabarovsk Krai, and Primorsky Krai.
+
+Neoperla ussurica
+
+has also been from
+South Korea
+(Stark 2010) and
+North Korea
+(
+
+Murányi
+et al.
+2015
+
+).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/F4/7E/87/F47E879B7C586F01FF54FD04FE3A4144.xml b/data/F4/7E/87/F47E879B7C586F01FF54FD04FE3A4144.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..45474c7b8bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/F4/7E/87/F47E879B7C586F01FF54FD04FE3A4144.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,339 @@
+
+
+
+Eggs of Perlidae (Insecta, Plecoptera) of the Russian Far East
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Teslenko, Valentina A.
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+91
+115
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.3
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.3
+1175-5326
+14389957
+8898D059-5E78-451F-8646-D47D4A1A8BE9
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Paragnetina flavotincta
+(
+McLachlan, 1872
+)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Figs. 76−82
+
+
+
+
+Material examined
+.
+
+Russia
+, Far East,
+Amurskaya Oblast
+
+:
+
+1♂
+,
+2♀
+,
+Zeya River
+,
+1 km
+above the bridge near the
+Krasnoyarovo village
+,
+Amur
+
+
+River
+basin,
+
+20.08.2004
+
+, coll.
+V
+.
+Teslenko
+;
+Jewish Autonomous Oblast
+
+:
+
+1♂
+,
+1♀
+Bidzhan River
+,
+Amur
+
+
+River
+basin,
+Preobrazhenovka village
+,
+
+300 m
+
+above the bridge,
+
+15.08.2002
+
+, coll.
+X. Semenchenko
+;
+Khabarovsk Krai
+
+:
+
+2♀
+,
+Kiya River
+,
+Amur
+
+
+River
+basin,
+
+28.07.1996
+
+, coll.
+T
+.
+Tiunova
+;
+Primorsky Krai
+
+:
+
+3♂
+,
+1♀
+,
+Kabarga River
+,
+Ussuri River
+basin,
+Amur
+
+
+River
+basin,
+
+6.08.1999
+
+, coll.
+V
+.
+Teslenko
+
+;
+
+2♂
+,
+11♀
+,
+Razdolnaya River
+,
+Sinelnikovo village
+,
+
+25.07.1985
+
+, reared, coll.
+T
+.
+Teslenko
+
+;
+
+3♂
+,
+1♀
+,
+Bolshaya Ussurka River
+,
+Dalnerechensk
+vicinities,
+Amur
+
+
+River
+basin,
+
+23.06.1998
+
+, coll.
+V
+.
+Teslenko
+
+;
+
+5♂
+,
+1♀
+,
+Razdolnaya River
+,
+Fadeevka village
+,
+
+31.05.1998
+
+, coll.
+V
+.
+Teslenko
+
+;
+
+1♂
+,
+4♀
+, same place,
+
+13.08.2002
+
+, coll.
+T
+.
+Tiunova
+
+.
+
+
+Egg
+. Elongate oval (
+Figs. 76−77
+,
+82
+), total length 409−360 μm, equatorial width 229−233 μm (n=6). Collar is relatively large and stalked; the leg of the collar is short with longitudinal ridges; and the rim is relatively wide, flanged, and bluntly irregularly incised (
+Figs. 77−78
+,
+80
+). Anchor is umbrella-shaped and does not extend beyond the collar edge (
+Figs. 76, 78−79
+,
+82
+). The anchor surface is arranged in hexagonal units, with three rows of single globular bodies distributed as a narrow band in the peripheral area along the anchor edge; the rest of the anchor surface, including the top, is free of globular bodies (
+Figs. 76, 78−79
+). Chorion is smooth, slightly granular, and covered throughout with hexagonal FCIs of different shapes and sizes. Near the collar, the hexagonal cell impressions are elongated and slightly larger than in the equatorial area, where the chorion pattern is weakly expressed, and at the anterior pole the hexagonal cells are elongated transversely (
+Figs. 76−77
+). Following the micropylar line to the anterior pole, the shape of FCIs becomes more honeycomb-like (
+Figs. 76−77
+). Micropyles are numerous and set closely to the anterior pole (
+Fig. 77
+); micropylar canals are tunnel-shaped, straight, and relatively short; orifices are sessile, raised slightly, with an oval sperm guide (
+Fig. 81
+). The chorionic structure on an external membrane comprises hexagonal FCI’s bearing a single scattered adhesive mushroom body in the center of each cell (
+Fig. 82
+).
+
+
+
+
+Comments.
+The collar and anchor
+
+of
+P. flavotincta
+
+are very similar to those of the Japanese species
+
+P. japonica
+(
+Okamoto, 1912
+)
+
+. The anchor surface of both species has hexagonal units with three rows of globular bodies arranged as a narrow band in the peripheral area. However, the globular bodies in
+
+P. flavotincta
+
+are relatively large and mostly single, unlike
+
+P. japonica
+,
+
+which has a several small globular bodies grouped close to the center of each hexagonal unit (
+Isobe 1997
+). The chorion structure of
+
+P. japonica
+
+, as in other Asian species of
+
+Paragnetina
+
+, is unknown.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution:
+East Palaearctic, widespread in the temperate zone of the Asian mainland.
+Russia
+, Siberia (Krasnoyarskiy Krai,
+Tyva
+, and Transbaikalia), and the Far East (Amurskaya Oblast,
+Jewish Autonomous Oblast
+, south of the
+Khabarovsk Krai
+, and
+Primorsky Krai
+).
+Mongolia
+,
+China
+,
+North Korea
+(
+Zwick 1973
+) and
+South Korea
+(
+Hwang & Murányi 2020
+).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/F4/7E/87/F47E879B7C5B6F01FF54FA40FDC14450.xml b/data/F4/7E/87/F47E879B7C5B6F01FF54FA40FDC14450.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fd93c463e7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/F4/7E/87/F47E879B7C5B6F01FF54FA40FDC14450.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,262 @@
+
+
+
+Eggs of Perlidae (Insecta, Plecoptera) of the Russian Far East
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Teslenko, Valentina A.
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+91
+115
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.3
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.3
+1175-5326
+14389957
+8898D059-5E78-451F-8646-D47D4A1A8BE9
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Oyamia nigribasis
+Banks, 1920
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Figs. 69−75
+
+
+
+
+Material examined
+.
+
+Russia
+,
+Far East
+,
+Amurskaya Oblast
+
+:
+
+1♀
+,
+Bureya River
+near
+Novobureysk
+, left bank,
+Amur
+
+
+River
+basin,
+
+12.07.2012
+
+, coll.
+V
+.
+Teslenko
+;
+Jewish Autonomous Oblast
+
+:
+
+1♀
+,
+Bastak Nature Reserve
+,
+Glinyanka River
+,
+light trap
+,
+
+11.07.2018
+
+, coll.
+T
+.
+Vshivkova
+;
+Primorsky Krai
+
+:
+
+4♀
+,
+Pasechnaya River
+,
+Kievka River
+basin,
+Lazo
+settlement,
+
+24.07.2005
+
+, coll.
+Yu. Sundukov
+
+;
+
+12♂
+,
+7♀
+,
+Komissarovka River
+near
+Dvoryanka village
+,
+Khanka Lake
+basin,
+
+25.06.2015
+
+, coll.
+V
+.
+Lyubaretz
+
+;
+
+5♂
+,
+11♀
+,
+Shumnaya River
+,
+Ussuri River
+basin,
+Amur
+
+
+River
+basin, near
+Shumnyi
+settlement,
+
+26.06.2017
+
+, coll.
+V
+.
+Lyubaretz
+
+;
+
+1♂
+,
+1♀
+,
+Bolshaya Ussurka River
+,
+Amur
+
+
+River
+basin,
+Melnichnoe village
+,
+
+7.07.2013
+
+, coll.
+V
+.
+Lyubaretz
+
+.
+
+
+Egg
+. Oval but slightly asymmetrical (
+Figs. 69, 74
+), dark brown, total length 446−390 μm, equatorial width 317−291 μm (n=3). Collar short, stalked, rim flanged, and irregularly incised; sides of collar with irregularly spaced ridges reaching the shoulders and forming a single row of prolonged, hexagonal, smooth, and shallow cells (
+Figs. 69, 71, 74
+). Anchor is umbrella-like; the surface is composed of hexagonal units with globular bodies (2–9) grouped inside and distributed over the whole area of the anchor plate (
+Fig. 70
+); the edge of the anchor plate has a row of triangular projections bearing the single globular bodies (
+Fig. 70
+). The cleaned chorion is smooth, with indistinct follicular cell impressions over the whole surface (
+Figs. 69, 72
+). The structure on the extrachorion membrane with hexagonal FCI’s bearing a few (2−4) large adhesive mushroom bodies over each follicle cell impression (
+Figs. 74−75
+). The micropylar line is closer to the anterior pole; micropylar canals are tunnel-shaped, long, and slightly slanted; sperm guides open; orifices have slightly raised rim (
+Figs. 69, 73
+). On the extrachorion layer, micropylar orifices are surrounded by rosettes of FCI’s that resemble flowers (
+Fig. 75
+).
+
+
+
+
+Comments.
+The egg of
+
+O. nigribasis
+
+is generally similar to that of
+
+O. lugubris
+(
+McLachlan, 1875
+)
+
+, but the chorionic surface of that species at the shoulder area is covered with two rows of hexagonal, smooth, and deep cells with raised walls (
+Isobe & Uchida 2009
+).
+
+
+
+
+Distribution
+: East Asian mainland species with distribution limited to the south of the Russian Far East (Amurskaya Oblast, south Khabarovsk Krai, and Primorsky Krai),
+China
+(
+
+Huo
+et al.
+2022
+
+),
+North Korea
+(
+Zwick 1973
+), and
+South Korea
+(Stark 2010).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/F4/7E/87/F47E879B7C5B6F02FF54FD04FE4A4314.xml b/data/F4/7E/87/F47E879B7C5B6F02FF54FD04FE4A4314.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..010788c55b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/F4/7E/87/F47E879B7C5B6F02FF54FD04FE4A4314.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+
+
+
+Eggs of Perlidae (Insecta, Plecoptera) of the Russian Far East
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Teslenko, Valentina A.
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-11
+
+
+5551
+
+
+1
+
+
+91
+115
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.3
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.3
+1175-5326
+14389957
+8898D059-5E78-451F-8646-D47D4A1A8BE9
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kamimuria tibialis
+(
+Pictet, 1841
+)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Figs. 62−68
+
+
+
+
+Material examined.
+
+Russia
+,
+Far East
+,
+Sakhalinskaya Oblast
+:
+1♀
+,
+Kunashir Island
+,
+Tretyakovo
+settlement,
+
+21.08.2013
+
+, coll.
+Yu. Sundukov.
+
+
+
+Egg.
+Oval rounded (
+Figs. 62, 67
+), total length 468−398 μm, equatorial width 337−301 μm (n=4). Collar stalked, rim flanged, and irregularly incised; sides of collar with irregularly spaced ridges (
+Fig. 64
+). Anchor is mushroom-shaped and the pedicel is very short (
+Figs. 62−64
+). The anchor surface is composed of pentagonal and hexagonal units with a few (2–6) globular bodies grouped inside and distributed over the whole surface of the anchor plate (
+Figs. 62–63
+). Chorion is covered with hexagonal FCI’s throughout with barely noticeable punctations inside; pits are obscure, shallow, and barely visible (
+Figs. 62, 65, 67
+). Micropylar row situated closely to anterior pole; micropylar canals are tunnel-shaped, long, and slightly stained; orifice rims are slightly raised (
+Figs. 62, 66
+). An external membrane bears single or double-large (larger than globular bodies on the anchor) mushroom bodies over each follicle cell impression (
+Figs. 67−68
+).
+
+
+
+
+Comments.
+The chorion structure of
+
+K. tibialis
+
+is significantly different from that of other
+
+Kamimuria
+species
+
+by faint pentagonal or hexagonal FCIs with barely noticeable punctations on the entire chorion surface. The chorion of
+
+K. exilis
+
+and
+
+K. lyubaetzi
+
+are covered with relatively large and deep pits of different sizes and shapes.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution.
+East Asian species that has an insular distribution from Kunashir Island (the Russian Far East) in the north to Kyushu (
+Japan
+) in the south and is considered endemic to the Japanese Archipelago.
+
+Kamimuria tibialis
+
+was included in the Korean checklist (
+Hwang & Murányi 2015
+,
+2020
+) but probably does not occur on the peninsula and should be confirmed.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/F9/55/87/F95587EFFFA9FFF7FF46DD3EFADF9F81.xml b/data/F9/55/87/F95587EFFFA9FFF7FF46DD3EFADF9F81.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0b295744e5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/F9/55/87/F95587EFFFA9FFF7FF46DD3EFADF9F81.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,342 @@
+
+
+
+A newly recorded gobiid genus, Discordipinna (Teleostei: Gobiidae), from northeastern Taiwan
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Chou, Li-Chin
+0000-0003-4040-9364
+Marine Ecology and Conservation Research Center, National Academy of Marine Research, Kaohsiung, 80661, Taiwan, R. O. C.
+choulc@namr.gov.tw
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Jiang, Guo-Chen
+Marine Ecology and Conservation Research Center, National Academy of Marine Research, Kaohsiung, 80661, Taiwan, R. O. C. & Department of Aquaculture, National Penghu University of Science and Technology, Penghu, 880011, Taiwan, R. O. C.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Shen, Kang-Ning
+Marine Ecology and Conservation Research Center, National Academy of Marine Research, Kaohsiung, 80661, Taiwan, R. O. C.
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-10
+
+
+5550
+
+
+1
+
+
+41
+45
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5550.1.7
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5550.1.7
+1175-5326
+14389722
+806F69B3-B495-407D-AD10-9EB1C7F19AA3
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Discordipinna griessingeri
+Hoese & Fourmanoir, 1978
+
+
+
+
+
+(New Chinese name:
+DZ來ĸľēüṻ
+)
+
+
+
+
+(
+Figs. 1–2
+)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Discordipinna griessingeri
+Hoese & Fourmanoir, 1978: 21
+
+
+(El Himeira,
+Egypt
+, Gulf of Aqaba,
+Red Sea
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Discordipinna griessingeri
+,
+
+Hagiwara
+et al.
+, 1996:2
+
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Discordipinna griessingeri
+,
+
+Akihito
+et al.
+, 2002:1250
+
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Discordipinna griessingeri
+,
+Suzuki & Shibukawa, 2004: 443
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Discordipinna griessingeri
+, Motomura
+et al.
+
+in
+
+Motomura & Matsuura, 2010: 208
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Discordipinna griessingeri
+,
+Chen, Suzuki & Shao, 2012: 275
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Materials examined.
+
+
+Taiwan
+.
+
+NTOUP-2021-06-205,
+1 specimen
+,
+25.3 mm
+SL,
+
+20 m
+depth
+
+,
+Longdong Bay
+,
+New Taipei City
+,
+Taiwan
+, ROC, coll. I-S.
+Chen
+et al.
+, 23
+June
+, 2021.
+
+The
+
+
+
+
+Philippines
+.
+
+NTOUP-2011-01-001,
+3 specimens
+,
+13.3–13.7 mm
+SL,
+Mactan
+,
+Cebu
+Island
+, the
+Philippines
+, coll.
+A. Chen
+et al.
+, 8
+Nov.
+, 2009
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis.
+This species can be well distinguished from congeners by the unique combination of the following features: (1) fins: first dorsal fin rays V; pectoral fin rays 17–20 (modally 18); and first dorsal fin with longest anterior two rays in male and fin membrane deeply indented between first two dorsal spines; (2) squamation: longitudinal scale rows 22–25; transverse scale rows usually 6–7 and predorsal naked; (3) dorsal pterygiophore formulae 3/41001/8; 10 + 16 = 26 vertebrae; (4) head lateral-line system: reduced, longitudinal pattern of infraorbital papilla and anterior oculoscapular canal present (with pore λ singular on middle of interorbital region, pore κ singular on posterior interorbital region and lateral section as pores α, β, and ρ) but lacking both preopercular and posterior oculoscapular canals; and (5) coloration pattern: body creamy yellow with wide longitudinal brown band on ventral half; head with many round brownish black spots; first dorsal fin orange red; pectoral fin orange with an oblique translucent band; second dorsal and caudal fins with several deep brown blotches each having a central black spot.
+
+
+
+
+Redescription.
+Body proportions are described in
+Table 1
+. Body subcylindrical anteriorly, compressed posteriorly. Head moderately large, snout somewhat pointed in lateral view. Eye rather large, dorsolateral. Mouth rather oblique, about 45 degrees to horizontal line, with rear margin extending to vertical of anterior margin of pupil in both sexes. Lower lip anteriormost. Both jaws with 2–4 rows of tapered, sharp teeth, and outer rows enlarged. Anterior nasal pore a short tube, and posterior nasal pore a round opening. Gill-opening restricted, extending forward ventrally somewhat beyond a vertical at upper edge of the opening. Dorsal pterygiophore formula: 3/122101/9. 10 + 16 = 26 vertebrae.
+
+
+Fins.—
+First dorsal fin rays V; second dorsal fin rays I/8; anal fin rays I/8; pectoral fin rays 17–20 (modally 18). First dorsal fin with longest anterior two rays in male, and fin membrane deeply indented between first two dorsal spines; its rear tip at least reaching midline of second dorsal fin base or beyond rear base of second dorsal when adpressed. Origin of anal fin inserted just below origin of first branched ray of second dorsal fin. Rear tips of second dorsal and anal fins when adpressed, just reaching procurrent rays of caudal fin. Pectoral fin rather large and oblong, with rear margin extending beyond vertical of origin of anal fin. Pelvic fin long with large frenum and membrane around its spinous rays bilobed. Rear tip of pelvic fin extending beyond vertical through anus. Caudal fin large and elliptical, with its fin length longer than head length.
+
+
+Scales.—
+Body with rather large ctenoid scales; belly scales cycloid; longitudinal scale rows 22–25; transverse scale rows 6–7; predorsal scale 0. Prepelvic and belly with cycloid scales. Head and predorsal region entirely naked.
+
+
+
+FIGURE 1.
+
+Discordipinna griessingeri
+Hoese & Fourmanoir, 1978
+
+, NTOUP-2021-06-205, 25.3 mm SL, female, Longdong Bay, New Taipei City, ROC.
+
+
+
+
+FIGURE 2.
+
+Discordipinna griessingeri
+Hoese & Fourmanoir, 1978
+
+, NTOUP-2011-01-001, 13.7 mm SL, male, Mactan, Cebu Island, the Philippines.
+
+
+
+
+Head lateral-line system.
+Canals
+:
+
+Anterior oculoscapular canal extension with anteriorly paired terminal pores σ slightly behind posterior nasal pore. Pore λ singular in middle of interorbital region; pore κ singular in rear dorsal vertical of orbit beyond pore λ. Paired pores ω behind eyes on nape. Lateral extension of anterior oculoscapular canal behind orbit as pore α, followed by middle pore β and terminal pore ρ. Lacking both preopercular and posterior oculoscapular canals.
+
+
+
+Sensory Papillae
+:
+
+Cheek with loosely arranged, longitudinal infraorbital papillae. Row a very short with four papillae, not extending vertically through middle of eye. Row b short, merely with three papillae. Rows c and d longer with more papillae in row c, and row c extending posteriorly to vertical through poreα. Opercle with three main rows as rows os, ot, and oi, with both rows ot and oi slightly separated. Row f as paired papillae.
+
+
+Coloration in fresh.
+Body creamy white to light yellow background with wide longitudinal bright orange-red to brown band on ventral half and upper half with 3–4 longitudinal rows of very thin orange stripes. Head with many round brownish black spots; eyes surrounded by seven round brownish black spots just radiating off pupil. Nape with several round brownish black spots on anterior half.
+
+
+
+TABLE 1.
+The morphometry of
+
+Discordipinna griessingeri
+Hoese & Fourmanoir, 1978
+
+from Taiwan
+
+
+| Standard length (mm) |
+25.3 |
+
+
+
+
+First dorsal fin bright orange-red with a thin brown rear margin. Pectoral fin bright orange with an oblique translucent band. Second dorsal and caudal fins with several deep brown blotches, including a central blackish brown spot.
+Caudal fin bright orange background with middle wide longitudinal creamy white band. Anal fin translucent with distal narrow bright orange band. Pelvic fin pale white with anterior orange-red region.
+
+
+
+Distribution.
+This species is widely distributed from the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean to the tropical West Pacific region. It is present in countries such as the
+Philippines
+,
+Malaysia
+,
+Indonesia
+,
+Japan
+, specifically from the Ryukyu Islands to the
+Wakayama Prefecture
+in the middle of the main island (
+
+Hagiwara
+et al.
+, 1996
+
+;
+
+Akihito
+et al.
+, 2002
+
+;
+Suzuki & Shibukawa, 2004
+). This study is the first formal record of its presence in Taiwanese waters.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file