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data/AB/C2/42/ABC242380924AC4747C67A27A790B3FD.xml
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data/AB/C2/42/ABC242380924AC4747C67A27A790B3FD.xml
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.334.5818" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c1250f5c-2f57-4b31-9df8-e4d80acdf1af" ID-PMC="PMC3804760" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-334-1" ID-PubMed="24163586" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-334-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 334" ModsDocTitle="An annotated checklist of the scale insects of Iran (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Coccoidea) with new records and distribution data" checkinTime="1451246902477" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Moghaddam, Masumeh" docDate="2013" docId="ABC242380924AC4747C67A27A790B3FD" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 334: 1-92" docOrigin="ZooKeys 334" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.334.5818" docTitle="Dynaspidiotus medicus Kaussari" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="28" masterDocId="FF8DFFBDFFA1FFA1FF85FFB0A64B694F" masterDocTitle="An annotated checklist of the scale insects of Iran (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Coccoidea) with new records and distribution data" masterLastPageNumber="92" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="28" updateTime="1668156492279" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>An annotated checklist of the scale insects of Iran (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Coccoidea) with new records and distribution data</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Moghaddam, Masumeh</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part>
|
||||
<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number>334</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end>92</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.334.5818</mods:url>
|
||||
</mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.334.5818</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-334-1</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152048184" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ABC242380924AC4747C67A27A790B3FD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/ABC242380924AC4747C67A27A790B3FD" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||||
●
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaussari" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Dynaspidiotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dynaspidiotus medicus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="medicus">Dynaspidiotus medicus Kaussari</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Dynaspidiotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dynaspidiotus medicus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="medicus">Dynaspidiotus medicus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Kaussari, 1956: 102.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="iran localities">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Iran localities.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Kerman, Sistan & Balouchestan.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="host plants">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Host plants.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||||
Cruciferae:
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Sameraria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sameraria" order="Brassicales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Sameraria</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<taxonomicName genus="Rutaceae" lsidName="Rutaceae" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="genus">Rutaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Haplophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Haplophyllum" order="Sapindales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Haplophyllum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp.;
|
||||
<taxonomicName genus="Solanaceae" lsidName="Solanaceae" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="genus">Solanaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Withania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Withania somnifera" order="Solanales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="somnifera">Withania somnifera</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="references">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">References.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Ben-Dov, Y" journalOrPublisher="Israel Journal of Entomology" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" title="ScaleNet." url="http://www.sel.barc.usda.gov/scalenet/scalenet.htm" year="2013">Ben-Dov et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Borchsenius, NS" journalOrPublisher="Nauka, Moscow & Leningrad" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" title="A Catalogue of the Armoured Scale Insects (Diaspidoidea) of the World." year="1966">Borchsenius (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Farahbakhsh, Gh" journalOrPublisher="Department of Plant Protection Ministry of Agriculture Tehran, Iran" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" title="A Checklist of Economically Important Insects and other Enemies of Plants and Agricultural Products in Iran." year="1961">Farahbakhsh (1961)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Kaussari, M" journalOrPublisher="Revue de Pathologie Vegetale et d'Entomologie Agricole de France" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="102 - 103" title="Sur un Dynaspidiotus Thiem et Gerneck (Coccoidea-Aspidiotini) nouveau des environs de Chiraz (Iran)." volume="35" year="1956">Kaussari (1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Kaussari, M" journalOrPublisher="Ministere de l'Agriculture, Conseil Superieur de Recherches Agronomiques Bulletin" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" title="Genre nouveaux et especes nouvelles de Diaspididae de l'Iran." volume="5" year="1964">1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Kozar, F" journalOrPublisher="Plant Protection Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" title="Catalogue of Palaearctic Coccoidea." year="1998">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kozár">Kozar</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(1998)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Kozar, F" journalOrPublisher="Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="61 - 74" title="Check-list of Coccoidea and Aleyrodoidea (Homoptera) of Afghanistan and Iran, with additional data to the scale insects of fruit trees in Iran." volume="31" year="1996">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kozár">Kozar</normalizedToken>
|
||||
et al. (1996)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Seghatoleslami, H" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Entomological Society of Iran" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="5 - 19" title="List of scale insects (Fam. Diaspididae) of Iran." volume="4" year="1977">Seghatoleslami (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="notes">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Notes.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||||
This is the first record of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Dynaspidiotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dynaspidiotus medicus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="medicus">Dynaspidiotus medicus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from the plant family
|
||||
<taxonomicName genus="Solanaceae" lsidName="Solanaceae" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="genus">Solanaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
386
data/AB/C2/A3/ABC2A3B89ED74528627D9C23B89232E3.xml
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386
data/AB/C2/A3/ABC2A3B89ED74528627D9C23B89232E3.xml
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|
|
@ -0,0 +1,386 @@
|
|||
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e8150" ID-PMC="PMC5019016" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828--8150" ID-PubMed="27651730" ID-ZBK="262DB958242246B692E61675C3C07DB1" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1314-2828--e8150" ModsDocOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal " ModsDocTitle="A taxonomic monograph of the assassin bug genus Zelus Fabricius (Hemiptera: Reduviidae): 71 species based on 10,000 specimens" checkinTime="1553126057039" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Zhang, Guanyang, Hart, Elwood R & Weirauch, Christiane" docDate="2016" docId="ABC2A3B89ED74528627D9C23B89232E3" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 4: e8150" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 4" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e8150" docTitle="Zelus paracephalus Zhang & Hart, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="23573F53-C868-47A2-92AE-E98CABDCC654" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="8150" masterDocId="570F0E795632FF88A15573625E50C567" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic monograph of the assassin bug genus Zelus Fabricius (Hemiptera: Reduviidae): 71 species based on 10,000 specimens" masterLastPageNumber="8150" masterPageNumber="8150" pageNumber="8150" updateTime="1668127084285" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>A taxonomic monograph of the assassin bug genus Zelus Fabricius (Hemiptera: Reduviidae): 71 species based on 10,000 specimens</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Zhang, Guanyang</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Hart, Elwood R</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Weirauch, Christiane</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>Biodiversity Data Journal</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part>
|
||||
<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number>4</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start>8150</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end>8150</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e8150</mods:url>
|
||||
</mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e8150</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2828--8150</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">262DB958242246B692E61675C3C07DB1</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">262DB958242246B692E61675C3C07DB1</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:23573F53-C868-47A2-92AE-E98CABDCC654" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/ABC2A3B89ED74528627D9C23B89232E3" lastPageNumber="8150" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:23573F53-C868-47A2-92AE-E98CABDCC654" authority="Zhang & Hart" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Zelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zelus paracephalus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paracephalus">Zelus paracephalus Zhang & Hart</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Materials</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">
|
||||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1948-01-24" collectionCode="AMNH" collectorName="Richter" country="COLOMBIA" latitude="3.71667" location="Rio Guamal [Quamal?]" longitude="-73.1667" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" specimenCode="UCR _ ENT 00057803" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Holotype">
|
||||
Type status:
|
||||
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
. Occurrence: catalogNumber:
|
||||
<specimenCode pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">UCR_ENT 00057803</specimenCode>
|
||||
; recordedBy:
|
||||
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Richter</collectorName>
|
||||
; sex:
|
||||
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Adult Male</specimenType>
|
||||
; Taxon: scientificName: Zelusparacephalus; family: Reduviidae; genus: Zelus; scientificNameAuthorship: Zhang and Hart, 2016; Location: country:
|
||||
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
; stateProvince: Meta; locality:
|
||||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ABC2A3B89ED74528627D9C23B89232E3:6A138DB206E23DF4A6CBD6B753E630A8" country="COLOMBIA" latitude="3.71667" longitude="-73.1667" name="Rio Guamal [Quamal?]" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Rio Guamal [Quamal?]</location>
|
||||
; verbatimElevation:
|
||||
<elevation pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">400 m</elevation>
|
||||
; decimalLatitude:
|
||||
<geoCoordinate orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" value="3.71667">3.71667</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
; decimalLongitude:
|
||||
<geoCoordinate orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" value="-73.1667">-73.1667</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
; georeferenceSources: Gazetteer; Identification: identifiedBy:
|
||||
<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">G. Zhang</determinerName>
|
||||
; dateIdentified: 2013; Event: eventDate:
|
||||
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" value="1948-01-24">1948-01-24</collectingDate>
|
||||
; Record Level: institutionCode:
|
||||
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">AMNH</collectionCode>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2010-10-21" collectionCode="UCR" collectorName="G. Zhang & J. Avendano" country="COLOMBIA" latitude="3.66593" location="San Martin: Reserva Natural El Caduceo" longitude="-73.65773" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" specimenCode="UCR _ ENT 00004997" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Paratype">
|
||||
Type status:
|
||||
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
. Occurrence: catalogNumber:
|
||||
<specimenCode pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">UCR_ENT 00004997</specimenCode>
|
||||
; occurrenceRemarks: Primary DNA voucher RCW_2164; recordedBy:
|
||||
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">
|
||||
G. Zhang & J.
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Avendaño">Avendano</normalizedToken>
|
||||
</collectorName>
|
||||
; sex:
|
||||
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Adult Male</specimenType>
|
||||
; Taxon: scientificName: Zelusparacephalus; family: Reduviidae; genus: Zelus; scientificNameAuthorship: Zhang and Hart, 2016; Location: country:
|
||||
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
; stateProvince: Meta; locality:
|
||||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ABC2A3B89ED74528627D9C23B89232E3:C3AA2019D7538F28B4F813FED365C52A" country="COLOMBIA" latitude="3.66593" longitude="-73.65773" name="San Martin: Reserva Natural El Caduceo" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">San Martin: Reserva Natural El Caduceo</location>
|
||||
; verbatimElevation:
|
||||
<elevation pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">380 m</elevation>
|
||||
; decimalLatitude:
|
||||
<geoCoordinate orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" value="3.66593">3.66593</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
; decimalLongitude:
|
||||
<geoCoordinate orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" value="-73.65773">-73.65773</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
; georeferenceSources: GPS; Identification: identifiedBy:
|
||||
<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">G. Zhang</determinerName>
|
||||
; dateIdentified: 2012; Event: eventDate:
|
||||
<collectingDate value="2010-10-21">2010-10-21</collectingDate>
|
||||
to
|
||||
<collectingDate value="2010-10-23">2010-10-23</collectingDate>
|
||||
; Record Level: institutionCode:
|
||||
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">UCR</collectionCode>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1995-10-02" collectingMethod="Fogging" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="T. L. Erwin et al." country="ECUADOR" latitude="-0.65714" location="Reserva Etnica Waorani, 1 km S. Onkone Gare Camp, Transect Ent." longitude="-76.453" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" specimenCode="UCR _ ENT 00009475" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Paratype">
|
||||
Type status:
|
||||
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
. Occurrence: catalogNumber:
|
||||
<specimenCode pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">UCR_ENT 00009475</specimenCode>
|
||||
; occurrenceRemarks: LOT#992; Drake Collection; recordedBy:
|
||||
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">T. L. Erwin et al.</collectorName>
|
||||
; sex:
|
||||
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Adult Male</specimenType>
|
||||
; Taxon: scientificName: Zelusparacephalus; family: Reduviidae; genus: Zelus; scientificNameAuthorship: Zhang and Hart, 2016; Location: country:
|
||||
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
|
||||
; stateProvince: Orellana; locality:
|
||||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ABC2A3B89ED74528627D9C23B89232E3:E7471FF175E9FB2E9F093AA6122E3A5D" country="ECUADOR" latitude="-0.65714" longitude="-76.453" name="Reserva Etnica Waorani, 1 km S. Onkone Gare Camp, Transect Ent." pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Reserva Etnica Waorani, 1 km S. Onkone Gare Camp, Transect Ent.</location>
|
||||
; verbatimElevation:
|
||||
<elevation pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">216 m</elevation>
|
||||
; decimalLatitude:
|
||||
<geoCoordinate orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" value="-0.65714">-0.65714</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
; decimalLongitude:
|
||||
<geoCoordinate orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" value="-76.453">-76.453</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
; georeferenceSources: Label; Identification: identifiedBy:
|
||||
<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">G. Zhang</determinerName>
|
||||
; dateIdentified: 2012; Event: samplingProtocol:
|
||||
<collectingMethod pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Fogging</collectingMethod>
|
||||
; eventDate:
|
||||
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" value="1995-10-02">1995-02-10</collectingDate>
|
||||
; Record Level: institutionCode:
|
||||
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1996-02-10" collectingMethod="Fogging" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="T. L. Erwin et al." country="ECUADOR" latitude="-0.65714" location="Reserva Etnica Waorani, 1 km S. Onkone Gare Camp, Transect Ent." longitude="-76.453" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" specimenCode="UCR _ ENT 00009476" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Paratype">
|
||||
Type status:
|
||||
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
. Occurrence: catalogNumber:
|
||||
<specimenCode pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">UCR_ENT 00009476</specimenCode>
|
||||
; occurrenceRemarks: Drake Collection; recordedBy:
|
||||
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">T. L. Erwin et al.</collectorName>
|
||||
; sex:
|
||||
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Adult Male</specimenType>
|
||||
; Taxon: scientificName: Zelusparacephalus; family: Reduviidae; genus: Zelus; scientificNameAuthorship: Zhang and Hart, 2016; Location: country:
|
||||
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
|
||||
; stateProvince: Orellana; locality:
|
||||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ABC2A3B89ED74528627D9C23B89232E3:E23C36FB3D57FB82A0C9C6CC88D8D1BC" country="ECUADOR" latitude="-0.65714" longitude="-76.453" name="Reserva Etnica Waorani, 1 km S. Onkone Gare Camp, Transect Ent." pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Reserva Etnica Waorani, 1 km S. Onkone Gare Camp, Transect Ent.</location>
|
||||
; verbatimElevation:
|
||||
<elevation pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">216 m</elevation>
|
||||
; decimalLatitude:
|
||||
<geoCoordinate orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" value="-0.65714">-0.65714</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
; decimalLongitude:
|
||||
<geoCoordinate orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" value="-76.453">-76.453</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
; georeferenceSources: Label; Identification: identifiedBy:
|
||||
<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">G. Zhang</determinerName>
|
||||
; dateIdentified: 2012; Event: samplingProtocol:
|
||||
<collectingMethod pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Fogging</collectingMethod>
|
||||
; eventDate:
|
||||
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" value="1996-02-10">1996-10-02</collectingDate>
|
||||
; Record Level: institutionCode:
|
||||
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1996-02-10" collectingMethod="Fogging" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="T. L. Erwin et al." country="ECUADOR" latitude="-0.65714" location="Reserva Etnica Waorani, 1 km S. Onkone Gare Camp, Transect Ent." longitude="-76.453" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" specimenCode="UCR _ ENT 00009477" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Paratype">
|
||||
Type status:
|
||||
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
. Occurrence: catalogNumber:
|
||||
<specimenCode pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">UCR_ENT 00009477</specimenCode>
|
||||
; occurrenceRemarks: Drake Collection; recordedBy:
|
||||
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">T. L. Erwin et al.</collectorName>
|
||||
; sex:
|
||||
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Adult Male</specimenType>
|
||||
; Taxon: scientificName: Zelusparacephalus; family: Reduviidae; genus: Zelus; scientificNameAuthorship: Zhang and Hart, 2016; Location: country:
|
||||
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
|
||||
; stateProvince: Orellana; locality:
|
||||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ABC2A3B89ED74528627D9C23B89232E3:B4A112278FBE65841B0EFD2CD722D1B3" country="ECUADOR" latitude="-0.65714" longitude="-76.453" name="Reserva Etnica Waorani, 1 km S. Onkone Gare Camp, Transect Ent." pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Reserva Etnica Waorani, 1 km S. Onkone Gare Camp, Transect Ent.</location>
|
||||
; verbatimElevation:
|
||||
<elevation pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">216 m</elevation>
|
||||
; decimalLatitude:
|
||||
<geoCoordinate orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" value="-0.65714">-0.65714</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
; decimalLongitude:
|
||||
<geoCoordinate orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" value="-76.453">-76.453</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
; georeferenceSources: Label; Identification: identifiedBy:
|
||||
<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">G. Zhang</determinerName>
|
||||
; dateIdentified: 2012; Event: samplingProtocol:
|
||||
<collectingMethod pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Fogging</collectingMethod>
|
||||
; eventDate:
|
||||
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" value="1996-02-10">1996-10-02</collectingDate>
|
||||
; Record Level: institutionCode:
|
||||
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1996-06-26" collectingMethod="Fogging" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="T. L. Erwin et al." country="ECUADOR" latitude="-0.65714" location="Reserva Etnica Waorani, 1 km S. Onkone Gare Camp, Transect Ent." longitude="-76.453" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" specimenCode="UCR _ ENT 00009479" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Paratype">
|
||||
Type status:
|
||||
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
. Occurrence: catalogNumber:
|
||||
<specimenCode pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">UCR_ENT 00009479</specimenCode>
|
||||
; occurrenceRemarks: Lot#1582 - Collection code moved to this field to prevent duplication.; recordedBy:
|
||||
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">T. L. Erwin et al.</collectorName>
|
||||
; sex:
|
||||
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Adult Male</specimenType>
|
||||
; Taxon: scientificName: Zelusparacephalus; family: Reduviidae; genus: Zelus; scientificNameAuthorship: Zhang and Hart, 2016; Location: country:
|
||||
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
|
||||
; stateProvince: Orellana; locality:
|
||||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ABC2A3B89ED74528627D9C23B89232E3:9E55D6051E5EBAB90B6BD23E33DF52EF" country="ECUADOR" latitude="-0.65714" longitude="-76.453" name="Reserva Etnica Waorani, 1 km S. Onkone Gare Camp, Transect Ent." pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Reserva Etnica Waorani, 1 km S. Onkone Gare Camp, Transect Ent.</location>
|
||||
; verbatimElevation:
|
||||
<elevation pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">216 m</elevation>
|
||||
; decimalLatitude:
|
||||
<geoCoordinate orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" value="-0.65714">-0.65714</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
; decimalLongitude:
|
||||
<geoCoordinate orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" value="-76.453">-76.453</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
; georeferenceSources: Label; Identification: identifiedBy:
|
||||
<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">G. Zhang</determinerName>
|
||||
; dateIdentified: 2012; Event: samplingProtocol:
|
||||
<collectingMethod pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Fogging</collectingMethod>
|
||||
; eventDate:
|
||||
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" value="1996-06-26">1996-06-26</collectingDate>
|
||||
; Record Level: institutionCode:
|
||||
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1997-01-24" collectionCode="UNAB" collectorName="G. Zambrano" country="COLOMBIA" latitude="1.18333" location="Valparaiso, Vda. Palastina Fca. La Ilusion" longitude="-75.7" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" specimenCode="UCR _ ENT 00025329" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Paratype">
|
||||
Type status:
|
||||
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
. Occurrence: catalogNumber:
|
||||
<specimenCode pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">UCR_ENT 00025329</specimenCode>
|
||||
; recordedBy:
|
||||
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">G. Zambrano</collectorName>
|
||||
; sex:
|
||||
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Adult Male</specimenType>
|
||||
; Taxon: scientificName: Zelusparacephalus; family: Reduviidae; genus: Zelus; scientificNameAuthorship: Zhang and Hart, 2016; Location: country:
|
||||
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
; stateProvince: Caqueta; locality:
|
||||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ABC2A3B89ED74528627D9C23B89232E3:DBC00154EFDEEE14C644AFDF4BFB6B63" country="COLOMBIA" latitude="1.18333" longitude="-75.7" name="Valparaiso, Vda. Palastina Fca. La Ilusion" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Valparaiso, Vda. Palastina Fca. La Ilusion</location>
|
||||
; verbatimElevation:
|
||||
<elevation pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">225 m</elevation>
|
||||
; decimalLatitude:
|
||||
<geoCoordinate orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" value="1.18333">1.18333</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
; decimalLongitude:
|
||||
<geoCoordinate orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" value="-75.7">-75.7</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
; georeferenceSources: Label; Identification: identifiedBy:
|
||||
<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">G. Zhang</determinerName>
|
||||
; dateIdentified: 2012; Event: eventDate:
|
||||
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" value="1997-01-24">1997-01-24</collectingDate>
|
||||
; Record Level: institutionCode:
|
||||
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">UNAB</collectionCode>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1992-03-30" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="J. E. Eger" country="BRAZIL" latitude="-10.32921" location="62 km SW of Ariquemes, near Fzda. Rancho Grande" longitude="-63.46881" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" specimenCode="UCR _ ENT 00029302" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Paratype">
|
||||
Type status:
|
||||
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
. Occurrence: catalogNumber:
|
||||
<specimenCode pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">UCR_ENT 00029302</specimenCode>
|
||||
; occurrenceRemarks: Drake Collection; recordedBy:
|
||||
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">J. E. Eger</collectorName>
|
||||
; sex:
|
||||
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Adult Male</specimenType>
|
||||
; Taxon: scientificName: Zelusparacephalus; family: Reduviidae; genus: Zelus; scientificNameAuthorship: Zhang and Hart, 2016; Location: country:
|
||||
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
|
||||
; stateProvince: Rondonia; locality:
|
||||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ABC2A3B89ED74528627D9C23B89232E3:3E40EB48D9B0190F7275CE03755A4F52" country="BRAZIL" latitude="-10.32921" longitude="-63.46881" name="62 km SW of Ariquemes, near Fzda. Rancho Grande" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">62 km SW of Ariquemes, near Fzda. Rancho Grande</location>
|
||||
; decimalLatitude:
|
||||
<geoCoordinate orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" value="-10.32921">-10.32921</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
; decimalLongitude:
|
||||
<geoCoordinate orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" value="-63.46881">-63.46881</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
; Identification: identifiedBy:
|
||||
<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">G. Zhang</determinerName>
|
||||
; dateIdentified: 2012; Event: eventDate:
|
||||
<collectingDate value="1992-03-30">1992-03-30</collectingDate>
|
||||
to
|
||||
<collectingDate value="1992-10-04">1992-04-10</collectingDate>
|
||||
; Record Level: institutionCode:
|
||||
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1992-01-07" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Unknown" country="PERU" latitude="-8.3825" location="Porvenir, Pulcal [l] pa" longitude="-74.5381" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" specimenCode="UCR _ ENT 00029304" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Paratype">
|
||||
Type status:
|
||||
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
. Occurrence: catalogNumber:
|
||||
<specimenCode pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">UCR_ENT 00029304</specimenCode>
|
||||
; occurrenceRemarks: Drake Collection; recordedBy:
|
||||
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Unknown</collectorName>
|
||||
; sex:
|
||||
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Adult Male</specimenType>
|
||||
; Taxon: scientificName: Zelusparacephalus; family: Reduviidae; genus: Zelus; scientificNameAuthorship: Zhang and Hart, 2016; Location: country:
|
||||
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">PERU</collectingCountry>
|
||||
; stateProvince: Ucayali; locality:
|
||||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ABC2A3B89ED74528627D9C23B89232E3:83422DE94199CE1526FA1BD47434D5DB" country="PERU" latitude="-8.3825" longitude="-74.5381" name="Porvenir, Pulcal [l] pa" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Porvenir, Pulcal[l]pa</location>
|
||||
; verbatimElevation:
|
||||
<elevation pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">158 m</elevation>
|
||||
; decimalLatitude:
|
||||
<geoCoordinate orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" value="-8.3825">-8.3825</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
; decimalLongitude:
|
||||
<geoCoordinate orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" value="-74.5381">-74.5381</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
; georeferenceSources: Gazetteer; Identification: identifiedBy:
|
||||
<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">G. Zhang</determinerName>
|
||||
; dateIdentified: 2012; Event: eventDate:
|
||||
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" value="1992-01-07">1992-07-01</collectingDate>
|
||||
; Record Level: institutionCode:
|
||||
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1990-06-07" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="L. E. Pena" country="COLOMBIA" latitude="1.1983" location="Mitu" longitude="-70.1733" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" specimenCode="UCR _ ENT 00029305" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Paratype">
|
||||
Type status:
|
||||
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
. Occurrence: catalogNumber:
|
||||
<specimenCode pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">UCR_ENT 00029305</specimenCode>
|
||||
; occurrenceRemarks: Drake Collection; recordedBy:
|
||||
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">
|
||||
L. E.
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Peña">Pena</normalizedToken>
|
||||
</collectorName>
|
||||
; sex:
|
||||
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Adult Male</specimenType>
|
||||
; Taxon: scientificName: Zelusparacephalus; family: Reduviidae; genus: Zelus; scientificNameAuthorship: Zhang and Hart, 2016; Location: country:
|
||||
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
; stateProvince: Vaupes; locality:
|
||||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ABC2A3B89ED74528627D9C23B89232E3:AD3DCA41010BAA8088F211133CBB18BF" country="COLOMBIA" latitude="1.1983" longitude="-70.1733" name="Mitu" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Mitu</location>
|
||||
; verbatimElevation:
|
||||
<elevation pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">184 m</elevation>
|
||||
; decimalLatitude:
|
||||
<geoCoordinate orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" value="1.1983">1.1983</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
; decimalLongitude:
|
||||
<geoCoordinate orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" value="-70.1733">-70.1733</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
; georeferenceSources: Gazetteer; Identification: identifiedBy:
|
||||
<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">G. Zhang</determinerName>
|
||||
; dateIdentified: 2012; Event: eventDate:
|
||||
<collectingDate value="1990-06-07">1990-07-06</collectingDate>
|
||||
to
|
||||
<collectingDate value="1990-07-17">1990-07-17</collectingDate>
|
||||
; Record Level: institutionCode:
|
||||
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="No date provided" collectionCode="AMNH" collectorName="H. Sturm" country="COLOMBIA" location="unknown" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" specimenCode="UCR _ ENT 00057802" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Paratype">
|
||||
Type status:
|
||||
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
. Occurrence: catalogNumber:
|
||||
<specimenCode pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">UCR_ENT 00057802</specimenCode>
|
||||
; occurrenceRemarks: Previously designated as 'allotype', a type status not used in the formal publication of this name (Zhang et al.); recordedBy:
|
||||
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">H. Sturm</collectorName>
|
||||
; sex:
|
||||
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Adult Female</specimenType>
|
||||
; Taxon: scientificName: Zelusparacephalus; family: Reduviidae; genus: Zelus; scientificNameAuthorship: Zhang and Hart, 2016; Location: country:
|
||||
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
; stateProvince: unknown; locality:
|
||||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ABC2A3B89ED74528627D9C23B89232E3:07BFB8F66AF8700210B6263D66088E28" country="COLOMBIA" name="unknown" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">unknown</location>
|
||||
; Identification: identifiedBy:
|
||||
<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">G. Zhang</determinerName>
|
||||
; dateIdentified: 2012; Event: eventDate:
|
||||
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">No date provided</collectingDate>
|
||||
; Record Level: institutionCode:
|
||||
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">AMNH</collectionCode>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Description</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Figs 153, 154, 155</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Male: (Fig. 153a, b) Medium-sized, total length 11.87-13.06 mm (mean 12.51 mm, Suppl. material 2); slender. COLORATION: Head reddish-brown, anterior to antennal insertion and posterior third of postocular lobe lighter. Rest of surface of body nearly uniformly blackish-brown, area around humeral angle lighter, somewhat reddish. Membrane with blue, purple iridescence. VESTITURE: Sparsely setose. Dark, moderately dense, short, erect, spine-like setae on dorsum of head, more curved on postocular lobe; ventral surface with sparse, short, erect and recumbent setae, few long setae. Pronotal dorsum nearly glabrous, very sparse, short, erect and recumbent spine-like setae; lateral surface with sparse, erect to recumbent setae; setal tracts on anterior lobe very reduced. Pleura with sparse, erect setae and moderately dense, recumbent setae. Abdomen with sparse, short, semi-erect or recumbent setae, intermixed with few longer setae. Pygophore with sparse, short to long, semi-erect or erect setae; Paramere apical half with dense, long setae, more than 1/2 length of medial process. STRUCTURE: Head: Cylindrical, L/W = 2.39. Postocular lobe long; in dorsal view distinctly narrowing through anterior 2/3, posterior 1/3 constant, tube-like. Eye prominent; lateral margin much wider than postocular lobe; dorsal margin removed from postocular transverse groove, ventral margin attaining ventral surface of head in lateral view. Labium: I: II: III = 1: 1.9: 0.3. Basiflagellomere diameter larger than that of pedicel. Thorax: Anterolateral angle bearing small projection; medial longitudinal sulcus shallow near collar, deepening posteriorly. Posterior pronotal lobe with rugulose surface; disc distinctly elevated above humeral angle; humeral angle armed, with dentate or spinous process. Scutellum moderately long; apex angulate, very slightly projected upward. Legs: Very slender. Hemelytron: Surpassing apex of abdomen by about length of abdominal segment seven; quadrate cell small, relatively broad; Cu and M of cubital cell subparallel. GENITALIA: (Fig. 154) Pygophore: Ovoid; mid-lateral fold adjacent to paramere insertion inconspicuous; not expanded laterally in dorsal view. Medial process expanded laterally; rather broad; long; anteroposteriorly compressed; erect; straight; apex in posterior view rounded, subapical transverse hooklike bridge. Paramere: Cylindrical; long, surpassing medial process; curved ventrad at mid-point, apex recurved. Phallus: Dorsal phallothecal sclerite shield-shaped, sclerite absent laterad to basal arms; lateral longitudinal blade-like heavy sclerotization, pressed against phallothecal sclerite, reaching apical margin; area between these raised; apical portion of phallothecal sclerite not distinctly tapered, flat, lateral margin narrowly angulate, angulation ending anteriorly in sharp, dorsad projection; apex with small medial emargination; posterior margin of foramen inversely V-shaped. Struts attached to dorsal phallothecal sclerite; apically separate, connected by bridge; basally separate. Basal plate arm robust; basally fused; in lateral view strongly curved at midpoint; bridge extremely short; extension of basal plate expanded onto arm.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Female: (Fig. 153c, d) Similar to male, except for the following. Larger than male, total length 15.02 mm (n=1, Suppl. material 2). Spinous process on humeral angle long.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Diagnosis</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">
|
||||
The dorsal coloration nearly uniformly dark brown, the head reddish-brown, the membrane with indistinct iridescence are characteristic of this species. Most similar to
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Z. erythrocephalus" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" rank="species" species="erythrocephalus">Z. erythrocephalus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Z. russulumus" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" rank="species" species="russulumus">Z. russulumus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; males can be distinguished from both by the rather wide medial process and the uniquely shaped paramere (Fig. 14). Females of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Z. erythrocephalus" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" rank="species" species="erythrocephalus">Z. erythrocephalus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Z. paracephalus" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" rank="species" species="paracephalus">Z. paracephalus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Z. russulumus" pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" rank="species" species="russulumus">Z. russulumus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are difficult to separate.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="8150" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="8150">South America (Fig. 155). Countries with specimen records: Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
222
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222
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|
|
@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
|
|||
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<mods:affiliation>Natural History Museum Vienna, Department of Entomology, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria & Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="88HL" ID-ENA="887759" LSID="ABC2B9A4-2441-522E-AB0C-C26323E08B48" authority="Navas, 1909" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1909" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Xanthostigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xanthostigma" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
Xanthostigma
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 1909
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1909" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Xanthostigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xanthostigma" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Xanthostigma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 1909 (described as a section of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Raphidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Raphidia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Raphidia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L.) [type species by absolute tautonymy:
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schummel" authorityYear="1832" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Raphidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Raphidia xanthostigma" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthostigma">Raphidia xanthostigma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Schummel, 1832]: H.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Biologia Gallo-Hellenica" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" refId="B44" refString="Aspoeck, H, Aspoeck, U, Rausch, H, 1991. Die Raphidiopteren der Erde. Eine monographische Darstellung der Systematik, Taxonomie, Biologie, Oekologie und Chorologie der rezenten Raphidiopteren der Erde, mit einer zusammenfassenden Uebersicht der fossilen Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Neuropteroidea). Mit 36 Bestimmungsschluesseln, 15 Tabellen, ca. 3100 Abbildungen und ca. 200 Verbreitungskarten. Goecke & Evers, Krefeld: 2 Bde: 730 pp. [550 pp.]" title="Die Raphidiopteren der Erde. Eine monographische Darstellung der Systematik, Taxonomie, Biologie, Oekologie und Chorologie der rezenten Raphidiopteren der Erde, mit einer zusammenfassenden Uebersicht der fossilen Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Neuropteroidea). Mit 36 Bestimmungsschluesseln, 15 Tabellen, ca. 3100 Abbildungen und ca. 200 Verbreitungskarten. Goecke & Evers, Krefeld: 2 Bde: 730 pp. [550 pp.]" year="1991">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
|
||||
et al. 1991
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
(mon);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.3428" author="Oswald, JD" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 94" refId="B150" refString="Oswald, JD, Penny, ND, 1991. Genus-group names of the Neuroptera, Megaloptera and Raphidioptera of the world. Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences 147: 1 - 94, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.3428" title="Genus-group names of the Neuroptera, Megaloptera and Raphidioptera of the world." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.3428" volume="147" year="1991">Oswald and Penny 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
(cat, nom); H.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" editor="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Neue Folge" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="59 - 84" refId="B46" refString="Aspoeck, H, Aspoeck, U, Rausch, H, 1999. Biologische und chorologische Charakterisierung der Raphidiiden der oestlichen Palaearktis und Verbreitungskarten der in Kasachstan, Kirgisistan, Usbekistan, Turkmenistan und Tadschikistan nachgewiesenen Arten der Familie (Neuropterida: Raphidioptera: Raphidiidae). In: Aspoeck, H, Ed., Neuropterida: Raphidioptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera. Kamelhaelse, Schlammfliegen, Ameisenloewen. Stapfia 60/ Kataloge des Oberoesterreichischen Landesmuseums. Neue Folge 138: 59 - 84" title="Biologische und chorologische Charakterisierung der Raphidiiden der oestlichen Palaearktis und Verbreitungskarten der in Kasachstan, Kirgisistan, Usbekistan, Turkmenistan und Tadschikistan nachgewiesenen Arten der Familie (Neuropterida: Raphidioptera: Raphidiidae)." volume="138" volumeTitle="Neuropterida: Raphidioptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera. Kamelhaelse, Schlammfliegen, Ameisenloewen. Stapfia 60 / Kataloge des Oberoesterreichischen Landesmuseums." year="1999">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
|
||||
et al. 1999
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
(ecol, chorol); H.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" editor="Sziraki, G" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the 7 th International Symposium on Neuropterology, 6 - 9 August 2000, Budapest, Hungary. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 48 (Suppl. 2)" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="35 - 50" refId="B13" refString="Aspoeck, H, 2002. The biology of Raphidioptera: A review of present knowledge. In: Sziraki, G, Ed., Neuropterology 2000. Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Neuropterology, 6-9 August 2000, Budapest, Hungary. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 48(Suppl. 2): 35 - 50" title="The biology of Raphidioptera: A review of present knowledge." volumeTitle="Neuropterology 2000." year="2002">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
|
||||
2002
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
(biol, paras); H.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Denisia" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 606" refId="B47" refString="Aspoeck, H, Hoelzel, H, Aspoeck, U, 2001. Kommentierter Katalog der Neuropterida (Insecta: Raphidioptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera) der Westpalaearktis. Denisia 02: 1 - 606" title="Kommentierter Katalog der Neuropterida (Insecta: Raphidioptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera) der Westpalaearktis." volume="02" year="2001">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
|
||||
et al. 2001
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
(anncat);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00542.x" author="Haring, E" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="16 - 30" refId="B101" refString="Haring, E, Aspoeck, H, Bartel, D, Aspoeck, U, 2011. Molecular phylogeny of the Raphidiidae (Raphidioptera). Systematic Entomology 36 (1): 16 - 30, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00542.x" title="Molecular phylogeny of the Raphidiidae (Raphidioptera)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00542.x" volume="36" year="2011">Haring et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
(phyl); U.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Allgemeine und Angewandte Entomologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="565 - 573" refId="B48" refString="Aspoeck, H, Liu, XY, Aspoeck, U, 2012. The family Inocelliidae (Neuropterida: Raphidioptera). A review of present knowledge. Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Allgemeine und Angewandte Entomologie 18: 565 - 573" title="The family Inocelliidae (Neuropterida: Raphidioptera). A review of present knowledge." volume="18" year="2012">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
|
||||
et al. 2012
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
(fig: phyltree, list);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Austriaca: Zeitschrift der Osterreichischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="9 - 155" refId="B32" refString="Aspoeck, H, Aspoeck, U, 2013. Woher kommen die Namen? Die validen rezenten Taxa der Kamelhalsfliegen der Erde: Systematisches Verzeichnis und Etymologie (Insecta: Endopterygota: Neuropterida: Raphidioptera). Entomologica Austriaca: Zeitschrift der Osterreichischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 20: 9 - 155" title="Woher kommen die Namen? Die validen rezenten Taxa der Kamelhalsfliegen der Erde: Systematisches Verzeichnis und Etymologie (Insecta: Endopterygota: Neuropterida: Raphidioptera)." volume="20" year="2013">
|
||||
H.
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
|
||||
and U.
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
|
||||
2013
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
(cat, etymol, phyl),
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Austriaca: Zeitschrift der Osterreichischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="9 - 152" refId="B33" refString="Aspoeck, H, Aspoeck, U, 2014. Die Autoren der Taxa der rezenten Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Endopterygota). Entomologica Austriaca: Zeitschrift der Osterreichischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 21: 9 - 152" title="Die Autoren der Taxa der rezenten Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Endopterygota)." volume="21" year="2014">2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
(cat);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3989/graellsia.2015.v71.116" author="Monserrat, VJ" journalOrPublisher="Graellsia" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" refId="B128" refString="Monserrat, VJ, Papenberg, D, 2015. Los Rafidiopteros de la Peninsula Iberica (Insecta, Neuropterida: Raphidioptera). Graellsia 71(1): e024. https://doi.org/10.3989/graellsia.2015.v71.116" title="Los Rafidiopteros de la Peninsula Iberica (Insecta, Neuropterida: Raphidioptera). Graellsia 71 (1): e 024." url="https://doi.org/10.3989/graellsia.2015.v71.116" year="2015">Monserrat and Papenberg 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
(overv).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1915" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Raphidilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Raphidilla" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Raphidilla</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 1915b [type species by original designation:
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schummel" authorityYear="1832" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Raphidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Raphidia xanthostigma" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthostigma">Raphidia xanthostigma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Schummel, 1832]: H.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Biologia Gallo-Hellenica" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" refId="B44" refString="Aspoeck, H, Aspoeck, U, Rausch, H, 1991. Die Raphidiopteren der Erde. Eine monographische Darstellung der Systematik, Taxonomie, Biologie, Oekologie und Chorologie der rezenten Raphidiopteren der Erde, mit einer zusammenfassenden Uebersicht der fossilen Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Neuropteroidea). Mit 36 Bestimmungsschluesseln, 15 Tabellen, ca. 3100 Abbildungen und ca. 200 Verbreitungskarten. Goecke & Evers, Krefeld: 2 Bde: 730 pp. [550 pp.]" title="Die Raphidiopteren der Erde. Eine monographische Darstellung der Systematik, Taxonomie, Biologie, Oekologie und Chorologie der rezenten Raphidiopteren der Erde, mit einer zusammenfassenden Uebersicht der fossilen Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Neuropteroidea). Mit 36 Bestimmungsschluesseln, 15 Tabellen, ca. 3100 Abbildungen und ca. 200 Verbreitungskarten. Goecke & Evers, Krefeld: 2 Bde: 730 pp. [550 pp.]" year="1991">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
|
||||
et al. 1991
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
(mon);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.3428" author="Oswald, JD" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 94" refId="B150" refString="Oswald, JD, Penny, ND, 1991. Genus-group names of the Neuroptera, Megaloptera and Raphidioptera of the world. Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences 147: 1 - 94, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.3428" title="Genus-group names of the Neuroptera, Megaloptera and Raphidioptera of the world." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.3428" volume="147" year="1991">Oswald and Penny 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
(cat, nom).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Rhaphidilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhaphidilla" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhaphidilla</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, [1919] 1918b [unjustified emendation of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1915" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Raphidilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Raphidilla" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Raphidilla</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 1915]: H.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Biologia Gallo-Hellenica" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" refId="B44" refString="Aspoeck, H, Aspoeck, U, Rausch, H, 1991. Die Raphidiopteren der Erde. Eine monographische Darstellung der Systematik, Taxonomie, Biologie, Oekologie und Chorologie der rezenten Raphidiopteren der Erde, mit einer zusammenfassenden Uebersicht der fossilen Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Neuropteroidea). Mit 36 Bestimmungsschluesseln, 15 Tabellen, ca. 3100 Abbildungen und ca. 200 Verbreitungskarten. Goecke & Evers, Krefeld: 2 Bde: 730 pp. [550 pp.]" title="Die Raphidiopteren der Erde. Eine monographische Darstellung der Systematik, Taxonomie, Biologie, Oekologie und Chorologie der rezenten Raphidiopteren der Erde, mit einer zusammenfassenden Uebersicht der fossilen Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Neuropteroidea). Mit 36 Bestimmungsschluesseln, 15 Tabellen, ca. 3100 Abbildungen und ca. 200 Verbreitungskarten. Goecke & Evers, Krefeld: 2 Bde: 730 pp. [550 pp.]" year="1991">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
|
||||
et al. 1991
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
(mon);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.3428" author="Oswald, JD" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 94" refId="B150" refString="Oswald, JD, Penny, ND, 1991. Genus-group names of the Neuroptera, Megaloptera and Raphidioptera of the world. Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences 147: 1 - 94, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.3428" title="Genus-group names of the Neuroptera, Megaloptera and Raphidioptera of the world." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.3428" volume="147" year="1991">Oswald and Penny 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
(cat, nom);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Austriaca: Zeitschrift der Osterreichischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="9 - 152" refId="B33" refString="Aspoeck, H, Aspoeck, U, 2014. Die Autoren der Taxa der rezenten Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Endopterygota). Entomologica Austriaca: Zeitschrift der Osterreichischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 21: 9 - 152" title="Die Autoren der Taxa der rezenten Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Endopterygota)." volume="21" year="2014">
|
||||
H.
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
|
||||
and U.
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(2014)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
(cat).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="taxonomy and systematics">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Taxonomy and systematics.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
|
||||
H.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Biologia Gallo-Hellenica" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" refId="B44" refString="Aspoeck, H, Aspoeck, U, Rausch, H, 1991. Die Raphidiopteren der Erde. Eine monographische Darstellung der Systematik, Taxonomie, Biologie, Oekologie und Chorologie der rezenten Raphidiopteren der Erde, mit einer zusammenfassenden Uebersicht der fossilen Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Neuropteroidea). Mit 36 Bestimmungsschluesseln, 15 Tabellen, ca. 3100 Abbildungen und ca. 200 Verbreitungskarten. Goecke & Evers, Krefeld: 2 Bde: 730 pp. [550 pp.]" title="Die Raphidiopteren der Erde. Eine monographische Darstellung der Systematik, Taxonomie, Biologie, Oekologie und Chorologie der rezenten Raphidiopteren der Erde, mit einer zusammenfassenden Uebersicht der fossilen Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Neuropteroidea). Mit 36 Bestimmungsschluesseln, 15 Tabellen, ca. 3100 Abbildungen und ca. 200 Verbreitungskarten. Goecke & Evers, Krefeld: 2 Bde: 730 pp. [550 pp.]" year="1991">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
|
||||
et al. (1991)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00542.x" author="Haring, E" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="16 - 30" refId="B101" refString="Haring, E, Aspoeck, H, Bartel, D, Aspoeck, U, 2011. Molecular phylogeny of the Raphidiidae (Raphidioptera). Systematic Entomology 36 (1): 16 - 30, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00542.x" title="Molecular phylogeny of the Raphidiidae (Raphidioptera)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00542.x" volume="36" year="2011">Haring et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1909" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Xanthostigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xanthostigma" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Xanthostigma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is a morphologically clearly differentiated genus of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1915" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Puncha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Puncha" order="Neuropteroidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Puncha</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
clade and according to molecular phylogeny results is the sister taxon of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1915" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Puncha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Puncha" order="Neuropteroidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Puncha</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
+
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rausch, Aspock & Aspock" authorityYear="2004" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Calabroraphidia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calabroraphidia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Calabroraphidia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
or of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="H.Aspock & U.Aspock" authorityYear="1968" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Italoraphidia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Italoraphidia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Italoraphidia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The genus comprises five known species with very different distribution patterns including Eurosibirian, Mongolian, Pontocaspian, and Mediterranean faunal elements.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Biology and ecology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
|
||||
Larvae of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="X. corsica" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corsica">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">X. corsica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
probably mainly in upper layers of soil, but also corticolous (
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Quercus" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Quercus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pinus" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Pinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). Larvae of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="X. xanthostigma" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthostigma">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">X. xanthostigma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(probably strictly) corticolous on a great variety of deciduous as well as of coniferous trees. Substrate of larvae of other species unknown. Development - as far as known - usually two years. Last hibernation stage: full-grown larva. Adults: IV-VII.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
|
||||
Almost whole of Europe from southernmost parts (
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="X. corsica" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corsica">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">X. corsica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) to northern parts of Scandinavia over the North of Asia as far as to Far East (
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="X. xanthostigma" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthostigma">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">X. xanthostigma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). Caucasus region, Mongolia, northern China.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
79
data/AB/C2/C9/ABC2C9F748C7B84B8DEF45569C82054E.xml
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79
data/AB/C2/C9/ABC2C9F748C7B84B8DEF45569C82054E.xml
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<mods:namePart>Ourailidis, Iordanis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Panou, Manthos</mods:namePart>
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|
||||
ex Gomont)
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Strunecký">Strunecky</normalizedToken>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Komárek">Komarek</normalizedToken>
|
||||
& J. Smarda, 2014
|
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="10084">
|
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<taxonomicName class="Cyanophyceae" family="Oscillatoriaceae" genus="Oscillatoria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Bacteria" lsidName="Oscillatoria chlorina" order="Nostocales" pageId="0" pageNumber="10084" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="chlorina">Oscillatoria chlorina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="10084">Notes</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="10084">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Anagnostidis, K" journalOrPublisher="Scientific annals of the Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki" pageId="0" pageNumber="10084" title="Investigations of Sulphur-communities (Sulphuretum) in marine and freshwater habitats. A taxonomic, floristic, ecological, phytosociological, phytogeographic study" year="1968">Anagnostidis 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
389
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389
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|
||||
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="57">Taxon classification Animalia Lepidoptera Mimallonidae</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="57" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="57">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Druce, 1898" authorityName="Druce" authorityYear="1898" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia ostia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ostia">Menevia ostia (Druce, 1898)</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="26" pageNumber="57">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
Figs 4, 5, 30-33, 36, 37, 79-81, 95; Map 3
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="58" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="58">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Perophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Perophora ostia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ostia">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="27" pageNumber="58" start="start">Perophora</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
ostia
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Druce, 1898: 447; Tab. LXXXVIII, fig. 18 ♀
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="58">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Pamea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pamea ostia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ostia">Pamea ostia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Schaus, W" editor="Seitz, A" journalOrPublisher="A. Kernen, Stuttgart" pageId="72" pageNumber="103" pagination="635 - 672" title="Familie Mimallonidae." volumeTitle="Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. 6. Die amerikanischen Spinner und Schwaermer" year="1928">Schaus 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: fig. ♀ 88g
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="58">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Pamea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pamea ostia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ostia">Pamea ostia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Becker, VO" editor="Heppner, JB" journalOrPublisher="Association for Tropical Lepidoptera & Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, Florida" pageId="71" pageNumber="102" pagination="17 - 19" title="Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera, Checklist. Part 4 B. Drepanoidea, Bombycoidea, Sphingoidea" year="1996">Becker 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="58" type="type material">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="58">Type material.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="58">
|
||||
Holotype, ♀: PANAMA: Chiriqui [
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chiriquí">Chiriqui</normalizedToken>
|
||||
]/ 855/ Coll. Staudinger/ Type/
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Perophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Perophora ostia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ostia">Perophora ostia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
♀ type Druce/ Coll. Staudinger II.1178./ St. Laurent diss.: 7-14-15:1/ (MNHU) [examined]. Type locality: Panama:
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chiriquí">Chiriqui</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="27" pageNumber="58" type="additional specimens examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="58">Additional specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="27" pageNumber="58">
|
||||
(31 ♂, 15 ♀ total) BRAZIL:
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Espírito">Espirito</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Santo: 9 ♂, Linhares, 40 m: 20-29.II.1992, 06.III.1993, 25-30.I.1998, V.O. Becker Col., Col. Becker 80930, 82945, 113493, USNM-Mimal: 2053, 2054, 2310-2316, St. Laurent diss.: 3-24-15:9, 3-24-15:10, 3-24-15:11, 7-14-14:5, 7-14-15:6 (USNM). Minas Gerais: 1 ♂,
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Estação">Estacao</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Biológica">Biologica</normalizedToken>
|
||||
de Caratinga, Caratinga, 400 m: 29.I.2003-3.II.2003, Mielke & Casagrande leg. (OM).
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
|
||||
: 2 ♀, Likely
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Belém">Belem</normalizedToken>
|
||||
: A.M. Moss, Rothschild Bequest 1939-1, BMNH(E) 1377143 (NHMUK). Rio de Janeiro: 3 ♂,
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Petrópolis">Petropolis</normalizedToken>
|
||||
: 7.IV.1928, 6.IX.1959, 15.X.1963, Gagarin leg., ex. coll. Gagarin (DZUP). COSTA RICA (all Costa Rican specimens ex. D. H. Janzen & W. Hallwachs,
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Área">Area</normalizedToken>
|
||||
de
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Conservación">Conservacion</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Guanacaste): Alajuela: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Rio Blanco Abajo, 10.90037, -85.37254, 500 m: Voucher ♂: 05-SRNP-7880 [barcoded], collected: 18.XII.2005, emerged: 15.III.2006, food plant:
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Terminalia oblonga" order="Myrtales" pageId="27" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oblonga">Terminalia oblonga</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(USNM); Voucher ♀: 12-SRNP-4882 [barcoded], collected: 15.XI.2012, emerged: 12.V.2013, food plant:
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Terminalia oblonga" order="Myrtales" pageId="27" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oblonga">Terminalia oblonga</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(USNM). 1 ♂, Casa Leiva, 10.94314, -85.31808, 454 m: 17.IX.2009, light trap, Voucher: 09-SRNP-108159, St. Laurent diss.: 4-20-15:13 (USNM). 1 ♂, "Jabalina, Manta Pizote," 10.97325, -85.31542, 288 m: 30.VIII.2008, light trap, Voucher: 08-SRNP-105449 (USNM). 1 ♂, Gallinazo, 11.01825, -85.37199, 360 m: Voucher: 11-SRNP-65684 [barcoded], collected: 21.VII.2011, emerged: 22.VIII.2011, food plant:
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Terminalia amazonia" order="Myrtales" pageId="27" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amazonia">Terminalia amazonia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(USNM). 2 ♂, 1 ♀, Puente Palma, 10.9163, -85.37869, 460 m: Voucher ♂: 03-SRNP-34660 [barcoded], collected: 1.XII.2003, emerged: 16.I.2004, food plant:
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Terminalia oblonga" order="Myrtales" pageId="27" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oblonga">Terminalia oblonga</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(USNM); Voucher ♂: 03-SRNP-34659, collected: 1.XII.2003, emerged: 13.I.2004, food plant:
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Terminalia oblonga" order="Myrtales" pageId="27" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oblonga">Terminalia oblonga</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(USNM); Voucher ♀: 03-SRNP-34661, collected: 1.XII.2003, emerged: 20.I.2004, food plant:
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Terminalia oblonga" order="Myrtales" pageId="27" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oblonga">Terminalia oblonga</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(USNM). 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Tomatera: Voucher ♂: 12-SRNP-65485 [barcoded], collected: 16.VII.2012, emerged: 15.IX.2012, food plant:
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Terminalia amazonia" order="Myrtales" pageId="27" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amazonia">Terminalia amazonia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, St. Laurent diss.: 4-20-15:12 (USNM); Voucher ♀: 12-SRNP-65488 [barcoded], collected: 16.VII.2012, emerged: 8.IX.2012, food plant:
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Terminalia amazonia" order="Myrtales" pageId="27" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amazonia">Terminalia amazonia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, St. Laurent diss.: 4-20-15:11 (USNM). Guanacaste: 1 ♂, Sendero Puertas, 11.01087, -85.48817, 400 m: Voucher: 03-SRNP-18623, collected: 5.VIII.2003, emerged: 28.IX.2003, food plant:
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Terminalia amazonia" order="Myrtales" pageId="27" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amazonia">Terminalia amazonia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, St. Laurent diss.: 7-14:15:3 (USNM). 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Pasmompa, 11.01926, -85.40997, 440 m: Voucher ♂: 07-SRNP-31642 [barcoded], collected: 8.III.2007, emerged: 1.VI.2007, food plant:
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Terminalia amazonia" order="Myrtales" pageId="27" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amazonia">Terminalia amazonia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(USNM); Voucher ♀: 07-SRNP-31860 [barcoded], food plant:
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Terminalia amazonia" order="Myrtales" pageId="27" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amazonia">Terminalia amazonia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, St. Laurent diss.: 4-20-15:8 (USNM). 1 ♂, Monte Cristo, 11.01373, -85.42531, 525 m: Voucher: 10-SRNP-21610 [barcoded], collected: 17.VII.2010, emerged: 14.IX.2010, food plant:
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Terminalia amazonia" order="Myrtales" pageId="27" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amazonia">Terminalia amazonia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(USNM). 1 ♂, Tajo Angeles, 10.86472, -85.41531, 540 m: Voucher: 10-SRNP-4309 [barcoded], collected: 8.VIII.2010, emerged: 9.IX.2010, food plant:
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Terminalia oblonga" order="Myrtales" pageId="27" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oblonga">Terminalia oblonga</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, St. Laurent diss.: 7-14-15:2 (USNM). 1 ♂, Metereologico, 11.00199, -85.46166, 590 m: Voucher: 10-SRNP-21714 [barcoded], collected: 26.VII.2010, emerged: 29.VIII.2010, food plant:
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Terminalia amazonia" order="Myrtales" pageId="27" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amazonia">Terminalia amazonia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, St. Laurent diss.: 4-20-15:14 (USNM). 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Casa Roberto,
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="28" pageNumber="59" start="start">11.01095</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
, -85.42094, 520 m: Voucher ♂: 03-SRNP-20585 [barcoded], collected: 11.VIII.2003, food plant:
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Terminalia amazonia" order="Myrtales" pageId="28" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amazonia">Terminalia amazonia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(USNM); Voucher ♀: 03-SRNP-20690, collected: 11.VIII.2003, emerged: 17.V.2004, food plant:
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Terminalia amazonia" order="Myrtales" pageId="28" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amazonia">Terminalia amazonia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(USNM). 1 ♀, Mena Central, 11.02991, -85.45364, 345 m: Voucher: 01-SRNP-24319 [barcoded], collected: 29.XI.2001, St. Laurent diss.: 4-20-15:9 (USNM). 1 ♀, Sendero Rotulo, 11.01355, -85.42406, 510 m: Voucher: 04-SRNP-34126 [barcoded], collected: 27.VII.2004, emerged: 5.IX.2004, food plant:
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Terminalia amazonia" order="Myrtales" pageId="28" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amazonia">Terminalia amazonia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(USNM). 1 ♀, Camino Mangos, 11.00766, -85.47926, 480 m: Voucher: 03-SRNP-19176, collected: 12.VIII.2003, emerged: 13.IX.2003, food plant:
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Terminalia amazonia" order="Myrtales" pageId="28" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amazonia">Terminalia amazonia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(USNM). 1 ♀, Maderos, 11.00494, -85.47491, 510 m: Voucher: 11-SRNP-20049 [barcoded], collected: 4.I.2011, emerged: 15.V.2004, food plant:
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Terminalia amazonia" order="Myrtales" pageId="28" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amazonia">Terminalia amazonia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, St. Laurent 4-20-15:10 (USNM). FRENCH GUIANA: 1 ♂, Sinnamary, Piste a St. Elie, km. 24, 50 m: 20.II.1991, at lights, coll. C. Snyder, St. Laurent diss.: 3-24-15:6 (AMNH). 1 ♂, Nouveau Chantier: Collection Le Moult, Dognin Collection, USNM-Mimal: 2572, St. Laurent diss.: 3-24-15:7 (USNM). 1 ♂, Piste Coralie PK 2: IV.1993, J. Navatte H. de
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Toulgoët">Toulgoet</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(MNHN). 1 ♀, Godebert Maroni: VII, Collection Le Moult, Ex. Coll. Ed. Brabant 1920, ex. Joicey Coll., Brit. Mus. 1925-157, BMNH(E) 1377145 (NHMUK). 1 ♀, no additional locality data: Collection C. Bar, Ex.
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Oberthür">Oberthuer</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Coll., Brit. Mus. 1927-3, BMNH(E) 1377140 (NHMUK). PERU: 1 ♀,
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Junín">Junin</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, Chanchamayo: I-VIII.1901, Hoffmann, Rothschild Bequest 1939-1, BMNH(E) 1377144 (NHMUK). SURINAME: 1 ♀, Paramaribo: 7.I.1955, Rf. [reared]
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Terminalia catappa" order="Myrtales" pageId="28" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="catappa">Terminalia catappa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L., J.B.M van Dinther, USNM-Mimal: 2612, St. Laurent diss.: 4-20-15:5 (USNM). VENEZUELA: 1 ♂, Aragua, Rancho Grande, 1100 m: 22-31.VII.1967, R.W. Poole, USNM-Mimal: 2739, St. Laurent diss.: 3-24-15:8 (USNM). UNKNOWN: 1 ♂ specimen without locality label, but bears label with red
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“1”">"1"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
written in colored pencil, there was a similar label on an examined female from Suriname, USNM-Mimal: 2613, St. Laurent diss.: 7-14-15:4 (USNM).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="59" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="59">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="59">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia ostia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ostia">Menevia ostia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
can be differentiated from all other species-groups by the gold-yellow to pale yellow ground color with the contrasting silvery gray submarginal area with a small white accessory mark near the tornus. These traits combined with overall very weakly falcate forewings, distinguish
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia ostia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ostia">Menevia ostia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from the similar
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia lantona" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lantona">Menevia lantona</taxonomicName>
|
||||
but not necessarily from the similar
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia pallida" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallida">Menevia pallida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia parostia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parostia">Menevia parostia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
comb. n. to be diagnosed below. The width of the submarginal area of the hindwings of female
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia ostia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ostia">Menevia ostia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is wider than in both
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia pallida" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallida">Menevia pallida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia parostia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parostia">Menevia parostia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
females. The postmedial line is situated at about midway along the length of the hindwing in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia ostia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ostia">Menevia ostia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but is slightly closer to the wing margin in the other two species. Male genitalia are distinct, except when in comparison with
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia pallida" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallida">Menevia pallida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, in that the apical end of the phallus is sharply downturned and the dorsal ridge of the phallus is highly variable, though always present. In females, the lateral portion of the prominently sclerotized VIII has appendicular apophyses dorsolaterally in addition to the apophyeses anteriores, distinguishing the females from a questionable female of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia pallida" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallida">Menevia pallida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, where the appendicular apophyses are absent.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="29" pageNumber="60" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="60">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="29" pageNumber="60" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="29" pageNumber="60">
|
||||
Male.Head: Straw or tan-gold colored, eyes bordered posteriorly by dark brown collar of scales reaching labial palpi, labial palpi small, segments somewhat well defined ventrally, dorsally with darker scales contrasting with overall lighter coloration. Scape and pedicel weakly tufted. Thorax: As for genus. Gold to pale, fading to straw. Legs: As for genus. Tibial spurs thin apically lightly to almost completely scaled. Forewing dorsum: Forewing length: 12.5-18.5 mm, avg.: 16.8 mm, n = 23. Triangular, apical half of outer margin weakly concave, apex slightly falcate. Ground color gold-yellow to pale yellow, overall very lightly speckled by dark petiolate scales. Discal spot faintly marked by silvery white. Apex marked by black scales above apical dash. Black postmedial line slightly concave, sometimes weakly undulating. Submarginal area silvery gray, postmedial lunule originating from near where apical dash meets postmedial line, white mark follows postmedial line from apex to one quarter length of postmedial line where mark smoothly curves outwards toward wing margin becoming diffuse, forming acute angle with postmedial line. White accessory mark present near tornus. Antemedial line very faint or absent, if present, brown, undulating. Forewing venter: As in forewing dorsum but postmedial line fainter, convex near tornus, antemedial line absent, small black, somewhat rounded or elongated discal spot present. Hindwing dorsum: Rounded, anal angle weakly accentuated, similar coloration and patterning as forewings, postmedial lunule vague or well defined, zigzagged, originating near anterior margin, following curvature of wing margin, not steeply swept to margin, antemedial area lighter, postmedial line straight, sometimes undulating near anal angle. Hindwing venter: Following similar pattern as forewing venter but lighter, discal mark absent, marginal area usually browner than surrounding area. Abdomen: As for genus. Coloration a continuation of thoracic color. Midventral stripe absent. Genitalia: (Figs 79-81) n = 14. Tegumen subtriangular. Vinculum narrow, somewhat quadrate. Valves asymmetrical, moderate in width, saccular edge of left valve with large triangular tooth proximal to transtilla, right valve with tooth much reduced in size to nearly absent, both valves with smaller mesal costal tooth immediately above saccular edge teeth. Valves somewhat indented mesally, rounded apically. Uncus teardrop-shaped, truncated apically, base variable in width, apex somewhat hooked. Gnathos as two, flattened, spade-shaped outward facing flaps, bent toward each other, tips nearly converging. Juxtal processes shorter than phallus, thin, flattened, slightly curved, smooth. Base of phallus with paired, rounded, diverging, backwards facing fingerlike lobes. Phallus variable, broad, dorsal ridge of varying shape. Left edge of phallus forms distinct ridge, either a rounded or rectangular hump mesally or extended along phallus length but always quadrate anteriorly forming distinct edge, distal tip of phallus downturned, separated into two distinct, bent points. Vesica elongated. Female.Head: As in male but scales more grayish, labial palpi longer, thinner, dorsally covered in fewer dark scales. Thorax: As in male. Legs: As in male but tibial spurs broader, more triangular. Forewing dorsum: Forewing length: 17.5-26 mm, avg.: 22.8 mm, n = 11. Coloration and patterning as in male but maculation stronger, silvery discal mark wider, wing shape broader, more elongate, ovoid. Forewing venter: As in forewing dorsum but usually darker, markings subdued, postmedial line much fainter, bent near tornus; antemedial line not present;
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="30" pageNumber="61" start="start">elongate</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
black discal spot present. Hindwing dorsum: As in male but broader, postmedial lunule proportionally larger, zigzagged pattern more obvious. Postmedial line situated midway along length of wing. Hindwing venter: Following similar pattern as forewing venter but lighter. Abdomen: As in male but stouter. Sternite of VIII as pair of elongated sclerotized bands sometimes widening toward posterior margin of VIII converging near anterior margin. Sclerotized bands may be parallel or bowed out midway along length. Genitalia: (Fig. 95) n = 6. VIII prominently sclerotized laterally, with appendicular apophyses dorsolaterally in addition to apophyeses anteriores. Tergite of VIII arch-like, converging mesally to form posteriorly directed point. Apophyses anteriores slightly shorter than apophyses posteriores. Lamella antevaginalis as wide, semicircular, sclerotized band. Ductus bursae short. Papillae anales rectangular or subtriangular when viewed ventrally, covered in short setae.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="61" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="61">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="61">
|
||||
(Map 3).
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia ostia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ostia">Menevia ostia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is a widespread species, found in wet forests from Costa Rica and Panama, Peru, Suriname, French Guiana and the Brazilian Amazon in the state of
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(the latter Brazilian state is not marked on Map 3 due to uncertainty of a specific locale, but which was probably
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Belém">Belem</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(I. Kitching pers. comm.)). There is also one record from northern Venezuela. This species is apparently found in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, but see remarks below.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia ostia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ostia">Menevia ostia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
may range as far north as Belize as per a single report from
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pook’s">Pook's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Hill, Belize. This interesting record is treated in more detail in the remarks.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption pageId="30" pageNumber="61">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="61">
|
||||
Map 3.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia ostia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ostia">Menevia ostia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species-group.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="61" type="natural history">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="61">Natural history.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="61">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia ostia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ostia">Menevia ostia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is one of the few species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Menevia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with known host plant associations. Rearing records from D. Janzen & W. Hallwachs show that
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia ostia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ostia">Menevia ostia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
feeds on both
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Terminalia amazonia" order="Myrtales" pageId="30" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amazonia">Terminalia amazonia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Terminalia oblonga" order="Myrtales" pageId="30" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oblonga">Terminalia oblonga</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Combretaceae" lsidName="" pageId="30" pageNumber="61" rank="family">Combretaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). Additionally, a female specimen from Suriname at the USNM bears a label referencing
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Terminalia catappa" order="Myrtales" pageId="30" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="catappa">Terminalia catappa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, a known host plant of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia plagiata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiata">Menevia plagiata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Raymundo, B" journalOrPublisher="Typographia Revista dos Tribunaes, Rio de Janeiro" pageId="71" pageNumber="102" title="Noticia sobre alguns Lepidopteros serigenos do Brasil" year="1919">Raymundo 1919</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="61">
|
||||
Furthermore, D. Janzen provided us access to photos of reared
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia ostia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ostia">Menevia ostia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, published here for the first time (see Figs 4, 5). Larval coloration is quite striking, but shows the usual morphology and one of a number of case structures typical of
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Mimallonidae" lsidName="" pageId="30" pageNumber="61" rank="family">Mimallonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="30" pageNumber="61" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="61">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="61">
|
||||
Druce described
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia ostia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ostia">Menevia ostia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
at a time when most new
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Mimallonidae" lsidName="" pageId="30" pageNumber="61" rank="family">Mimallonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
that were being described were being placed in the now invalid, preoccupied genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Perophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Perophora" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Perophora</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Harris, 1841. Later,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Schaus, W" editor="Seitz, A" journalOrPublisher="A. Kernen, Stuttgart" pageId="72" pageNumber="103" pagination="635 - 672" title="Familie Mimallonidae." volumeTitle="Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. 6. Die amerikanischen Spinner und Schwaermer" year="1928">Schaus (1928)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
moved
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Perophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Perophora ostia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ostia">Perophora ostia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
to the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Pamea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pamea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pamea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Walker, 1855, apparently based on wing venation, which along with other wing characteristics used by Schaus, are unreliable in assigning species to genera (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="St Laurent, RA" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="72" pageNumber="103" pagination="51 - 68" title="Revision of the genus Eadmuna Schaus, 1928 (Lepidoptera, Mimallonidae) with a description of a new species from French Guiana." url="10.3897/zookeys.494.9208" volume="494" year="2015">St Laurent and Dombroskie 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Schaus made no mention of the striking similarity in appearance of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Pamea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pamea ostia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ostia">Pamea ostia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
to species placed in the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Menevia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="30" pageNumber="61">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Schaus’s">Schaus's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
assignment of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia ostia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ostia">Menevia ostia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia parostia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parostia">Menevia parostia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
comb. n.) to the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Pamea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pamea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pamea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is strange considering the resemblance of these two species to
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia lantona" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lantona">Menevia lantona</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, a species that he described and designated as type species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Menevia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, a genus that he also described. In comparing the genitalia of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia ostia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ostia">Menevia ostia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with the type species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Pamea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pamea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pamea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Pamea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pamea albistriga" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albistriga">Pamea albistriga</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Walker, 1855, the first author found the male genitalia of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia ostia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ostia">Menevia ostia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
completely unlike those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Pamea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pamea albistriga" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albistriga">Pamea albistriga</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The male genitalia of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Pamea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pamea albistriga" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albistriga">Pamea albistriga</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are very simple in comparison with those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia ostia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ostia">Menevia ostia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Menevia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as a whole. The phallus of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Pamea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pamea albistriga" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albistriga">Pamea albistriga</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is simple and truncated apically, and lacking a fused juxta with extended superior processes as in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia ostia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ostia">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="31" pageNumber="62" start="start">Menevia</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
ostia
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and all other
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Menevia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. In
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Pamea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pamea albistriga" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albistriga">Pamea albistriga</taxonomicName>
|
||||
the vinculum is much more elongated, valves extremely simple, and the gnathos are atrophied. Genitalia alone offer enough support for the reassignment of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Pamea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pamea ostia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ostia">Pamea ostia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
to
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Menevia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
based on the presence of all generic autapomorphies. The external characters of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia ostia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ostia">Menevia ostia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are also sufficient for assigning this species to
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Menevia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, namely the postmedial lunule and apical dash, both of which are readily apparent in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia ostia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ostia">Menevia ostia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="31" pageNumber="62">
|
||||
Of the four
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Menevia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species-groups, the
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="ostia" pageId="31" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="ostia">ostia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species-group is the most difficult group to tease apart into different morphologically separable species. Phallic structure is an important character for species identification in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Menevia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but each specimen of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia ostia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ostia">Menevia ostia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
examined (n = 14) had a uniquely shaped dorsal phallic ridge, varying in structure from a singular rounded or rectangular hump, to a crest that follows the length of the phallus (compare Figs 79c, 80, and 81). There is some degree of geographic association with the phallus structure. For example, specimens from Costa Rica generally have a more hump-like phallic ridge whereas those from northern South America have more elongated crests along the length of the phallus. There is also a great deal of variation within a single given locality. Specimens from the state of
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Espírito">Espirito</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Santo, Brazil, for example, seem to have dorsal phallic ridges almost intermediate between those found in Costa Rica and northern South America. Furthermore, specimens from the Atlantic Forest biome are paler than those from the rest of the distribution. However,
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="32" pageNumber="63" start="start">a</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
small number of specimens from Rio de Janeiro contradicted this apparent trend as they were darker and much more similar to Costa Rican populations.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="63">
|
||||
This issue of blurred species boundaries is non-existent in the
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="lantona" pageId="32" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="lantona">lantona</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="lucara" pageId="32" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="lucara">lucara</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species-groups. Both of these species-groups each have one species endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forests, and these endemic species each have unique genitalia and display minor but consistent external differences. The high degree of genitalia and external variation in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia ostia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ostia">Menevia ostia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, even from a single location, impedes our ability to locate species-specific traits. Molecular evidence may be able to offer more conclusive insights, but even then, material is greatly lacking for the
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="ostia" pageId="32" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="ostia">ostia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species-group. Until more data is made available, it is more parsimonious to consider
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia ostia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ostia">Menevia ostia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
to be a wide-ranging, phenotypically homogeneous species with variable male genitalia.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="63">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia ostia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ostia">Menevia ostia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, the very similar
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia parostia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parostia">Menevia parostia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
comb. n., and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia pallida" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallida">Menevia pallida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, are apparently distinct on the basis of female morphology and environment, with the latter species being restricted to drier regions of central South America. Only one record of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia ostia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ostia">Menevia ostia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
exists from a dry region, a specimen from northern Venezuela. The genitalia of this specimen are surprisingly very similar to those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia pallida" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallida">Menevia pallida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. A similar issue exists for the specimens from
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Espírito">Espirito</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Santo. Although these specimens are consistently larger and paler than Costa Rican specimens, some specimens from Costa Rica are in fact, larger and paler than most others from similar localities.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="63">
|
||||
Further complicating our understanding of the distributional boundaries of true
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia ostia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ostia">Menevia ostia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is a male specimen resembling
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia ostia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ostia">Menevia ostia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
reported from
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pook’s">Pook's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Hill, Belize (M. J. C. Barnes pers. comm.; color photo examined). This record is much farther north in Central America than any other records of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="ostia" pageId="32" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="ostia">ostia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group. Only one other species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Menevia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is known from Belize:
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia menapia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menapia">Menevia menapia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Unfortunately, this specimen is inaccessible to us and it cannot be dissected to determine if it is conspecific with
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia ostia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ostia">Menevia ostia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, or if it perhaps represents an undescribed species. Regardless of the specific identity of this specimen, the
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="ostia" pageId="32" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="ostia">ostia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species-group ranges at least as far north as Belize, perhaps making the extreme allopatry of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia menapia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menapia">Menevia menapia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
less of a biogeographic oddity relative to the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Menevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Menevia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Menevia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as a whole.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
125
data/AB/C2/EB/ABC2EB17A74136961E5C91C655FFF44A.xml
Normal file
125
data/AB/C2/EB/ABC2EB17A74136961E5C91C655FFF44A.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
|
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<mods:title id="46A1DF2A5EAAD1180493D0E5001BEB80">Order Primates</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="880A18FCAC4256266F828CBD1E2D10A8">Reeder, DeeAnn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:publisher id="882C2AF6A4EC00E69B75AE17DAFE5F72">The Johns Hopkins University Press</mods:publisher>
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<treatment id="ABC2EB17A74136961E5C91C655FFF44A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11338153" ID-GBIF-Taxon="231542639" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11338153" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ABC2EB17A74136961E5C91C655FFF44A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/ABC2EB17A74136961E5C91C655FFF44A" lastPageNumber="138" pageNumber="138" sourceUrl="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=12100282">
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|
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<paragraph id="57634BDC0401D11A203E0A9267870289" pageNumber="138">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DA12960AF8447090B4AFD920C60E56F6" ID-CoL="RZ27" authority="Wied-Neuwied 1826" authorityName="Wied-Neuwied" authorityYear="1826" class="Mammalia" family="Cebidae" genus="Cebus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xanthosternos">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6A9999E35AE4A9479834F9BC36F01A15" italics="true" pageNumber="138">Cebus xanthosternos</emphasis>
|
||||
Wied-Neuwied 1826
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="EB1202D480F673B8F7B0438C4E282C0F" pageNumber="138" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="7FB13545197B55D4BDE8728B757D0FBB" pageNumber="138">
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="8D179C04C756D79912F791F67625C226" author="Wied-Neuwied" authority="Wied-Neuwied 1826" authorityName="Wied-Neuwied" authorityYear="1826" class="Mammalia" family="Cebidae" genus="Cebus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" page="371" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xanthosternos" title="Cebus xanthosternos" volumeTitle="Reise nach Brasilien, Vol. 1" year="1826">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B6C3C8ECD6896AA39AF83D04ACB9ED33" ID-CoL="RZ27" authority="Wied-Neuwied 1826" authorityName="Wied-Neuwied" authorityYear="1826" class="Mammalia" family="Cebidae" genus="Cebus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xanthosternos">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCE6F6BDDBD9CF53E04F6980AA28AA03" italics="true" pageNumber="138">Cebus xanthosternos</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="84AE583EAF5E98C4D4E3D2E3731524DE" author="Wied-Neuwied, M. A. P., Prinz zu" refId="ref388623" refString="Wied-Neuwied, M. A. P., Prinz zu. 1826. Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien, von Maximillian, prinzen zu Wied, Brand II (Abtheilung II, Mammalia): 1 - 620 [1826], Landes-Industrie-Comptoirs, Weimar." year="1826">Wied-Neuwied 1826</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibCitation id="2CB6EE836D8DBC660C1611E222222458" author="Wied-Neuwied" pageNumber="138" pagination="371" title="Cebus xanthosternos" volumeTitle="Reise nach Brasilien, Vol. 1" year="1826">
|
||||
Reise nach
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="101D8668BF5802AB8F8A0D815A5F7CEE" name="Brazil">Brasilien</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, Vol. 1: 371
|
||||
</bibCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="34DB38E0CC194284D0855D0C3952442E" pageNumber="138" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B04412F68473A26DDF8E72DC05BEB7BF" pageNumber="138">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BCC2469892A2235DF430D74B6D6A39A2" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="138">Type Locality:</emphasis>
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="C1A68A67E4253FBF751BD79D0FC7BFDD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4867331608" country="Brazil" pageNumber="138">
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="10E6EFA9D7194B2C59E777BFF32E98FD" name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, Rio Belmonte.
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="9FCEDB64445B4F018CC63370CF81A8DB" pageNumber="138" type="vernacular_names">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C235EEBA7D43E45E8D2E2112CB499F9C" pageNumber="138">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D65B459DA14F978649ACAB98223A01C6" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="138">Vernacular Names:</emphasis>
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CC0D0068A50BD1642D8AF07DF6F78B66" language="eng" pageNumber="138">Golden-bellied Capuchin</vernacularName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="5C6E496DA9DA84833A5CF1E8C2B9ED7A" pageNumber="138" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C04B13149D166DBCC53F89C72FCABDAC" pageNumber="138">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6E00F03C193A9735BE7A895D6138DEC7" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="138">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="D4F1D5EE96AFC51E5DF8796E312D1D54" name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, formerly between Rio São Francisco and Rio Jequitinhonha or even further south; now much reduced.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="AF9D010CC8FF5CEC8B2D380BC3C31AC6" pageNumber="138" type="conservation">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A202498CE6831F36FD01334F4239289F" pageNumber="138">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B60B4AC7D2E62500C00D2957FDD8C11A" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="138">Conservation:</emphasis>
|
||||
<collectionCode id="60646B675D037644FA546691B9D65D84">CITES</collectionCode>
|
||||
– Appendix II;
|
||||
<collectionCode id="CBB895AC1B13781511EFBF4437458194">IUCN</collectionCode>
|
||||
– Critically Endangered.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="1D30624F2CF8ECC6AB6406A87962B74D" pageNumber="138" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A30747503FDE5075BCF6F69D7BFB42A5" pageNumber="138">
|
||||
<emphasis id="55A4F7AB1CCC6DB22DBD05D6CEFCC982" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="138">Discussion:</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="834DB02C54F89405A58A3B22728FBB7F" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Cebidae" genus="Cebus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="apella">
|
||||
<emphasis id="06C38AA7353C394CF76A4CD7604F84D0" italics="true" pageNumber="138">C. apella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species group.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FAC5CF351A02F82DA881056F1746EA98" author="Mittermeier, R. A. & A. B. Rylands & A. F. Coimbra-Filho & G. A. B. da Foneseca" refId="ref244178" refString="Mittermeier, R. A., A. B. Rylands, A. F. Coimbra-Filho, and G. A. B. da Foneseca (eds.). 1988. Ecology and behavior of Neotropical Primates. World Wildlife Fund, Washington D. C., 2: 1 - 610." year="1988">Mittermeier et al. (1988:13-75)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
suggested that
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8796EBBE73555D9534ABCA4EFDF13289" authorityName="Wied-Neuwied" authorityYear="1826" class="Mammalia" family="Cebidae" genus="Cebus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xanthosternos">
|
||||
<emphasis id="202AAA3CD53D01C158FA486441114633" italics="true" pageNumber="138">C. xanthosternos</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is a species distinct from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="819DE978E9F123DC6D1058B905F49E4B" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Cebidae" genus="Cebus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="apella">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7DC7E7166FC6EA2263EE6C656E768399" italics="true" pageNumber="138">C. apella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; this was followed by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E9C1D9DCCB18E3210314C881E4561347" author="Groves, C. P." refId="ref132585" refString="Groves, C. P. 2001 c. Primate taxonomy. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, 350 pp." year="2001">
|
||||
Groves (2001
|
||||
<emphasis id="005CB6BB491E93BF60130D5551398C54" italics="true" pageNumber="138">c</emphasis>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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