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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.87.72614" ID-GBIF-Dataset="59d902b3-54a0-45df-8984-59de1723dadd" ID-PMC="PMC8863769" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-4049-87-99" ID-Pensoft-UUID="462A78A6A4745A33A766A2045115F58F" ID-PubMed="35210924" ModsDocID="1314-4049-87-99" checkinTime="1644966810934" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Xie, Cong-Miao, Wang, Li-Song, Zhao, Zun-Tian, Zhang, Yan-Yun, Wang, Xin-Yu &amp; Zhang, Lu-Lu" docDate="2022" docId="ABC02701E5CD568C8D1BB21930BA5BE8" docLanguage="en" docName="MycoKeys 87: 99-132" docOrigin="MycoKeys 87" docPubDate="2022-02-15" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.87.72614" docTitle="Immersaria shangrilaensis C. M. Xie &amp; Lu L. Zhang 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="462A78A6A4745A33A766A2045115F58F" lastPageNumber="99" masterDocId="462A78A6A4745A33A766A2045115F58F" masterDocTitle="Revision of Immersaria and a new lecanorine genus in Lecideaceae (lichenised Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes)" masterLastPageNumber="132" masterPageNumber="99" pageNumber="99" updateTime="1668136817853" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Revision of Immersaria and a new lecanorine genus in Lecideaceae (lichenised Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Xie, Cong-Miao</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9973-3594</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wang, Li-Song</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Heilongtan, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Zhao, Zun-Tian</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Zhang, Yan-Yun</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0902-5066</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Heilongtan, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wang, Xin-Yu</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2166-6111</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Heilongtan, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">wangxinyu@mail.kib.ac.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Zhang, Lu-Lu</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">612038@sdnu.edu.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>MycoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2022-02-15</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>87</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>99</mods:start>
<mods:end>132</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.87.72614</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.87.72614</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-4049-87-99</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">462A78A6A4745A33A766A2045115F58F</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="193377818" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ABC02701E5CD568C8D1BB21930BA5BE8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/ABC02701E5CD568C8D1BB21930BA5BE8" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<taxonomicName LSID="ABC02701-E5CD-568C-8D1B-B21930BA5BE8" authority="C. M. Xie &amp; Lu L. Zhang" authorityName="C. M. Xie &amp; Lu L. Zhang" authorityYear="2022" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Lecideaceae" genus="Immersaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Immersaria shangrilaensis" order="Lecideales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="shangrilaensis" status="sp. nov.">Immersaria shangrilaensis C.M. Xie &amp; Lu L. Zhang</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="99">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Immersaria ferruginea (a-c KUN 20 - 69144): a-b thallus c apothecial anatomy. I. shangrilaensis (d-f KUN 18 - 60430): d-e thallus f apothecial anatomy. Scale bars: 1 mm (a-b, d-e); 20 μm (c, f)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.87.72614.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/646458" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figure 5d-f</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
The name &quot;
<taxonomicName authorityName="C. M. Xie &amp; Lu L. Zhang" authorityYear="2022" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Lecideaceae" genus="Immersaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Immersaria shangrilaensis" order="Lecideales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="shangrilaensis">Immersaria shangrilaensis</taxonomicName>
&quot; refers to the location at which the holotype was collected:
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Shangri-La”">&quot;Shangri-La&quot;</normalizedToken>
, a county of Yunnan Province in China.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-08-18" country="China" elevation="4363" latitude="28.116667" location="Mt. Hong Shan" longLatPrecision="1233" longitude="99.9" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Yunnan Province" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry name="China">China</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Yunnan">Yunnan Province</collectingRegion>
: Shangri-La County.,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ABC02701E5CD568C8D1BB21930BA5BE8:0CE2CCB4B44FE24DD2F6EE50B0C85518" country="China" latitude="28.116667" longLatPrecision="1233" longitude="99.9" name="Mt. Hong Shan" stateProvince="Yunnan Province">Mt. Hong Shan</location>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.363" unit="m" value="4363.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.363" unit="m" value="4363.0">4363 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elev.,
<geoCoordinate degrees="28" direction="north" minutes="7" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="28.116667">28°7'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="54" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="99.9">99°54'E</geoCoordinate>
, on rock,
<collectingDate value="2018-08-18">18 Aug 2018</collectingDate>
, Li-Song Wang et al. 18-60447 (KUN-holotype)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
Thallus areolate, yellow-brown, orange-brown, often appears as greyish-brown, generally heavily pruinose, continuous, 5.7-10.0 cm across; areolae aggregated by 4-14 small areolae (often surrounded by black prothallus), small areolae up to 0.1 mm across, concave or flat, irregular, pruinose; margin pruinose; prothallus black, distinct. Upper cortex 32.0-50.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
thick, yellow-brown granules pigmented; epinecral layer 15.0-20.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
thick; algal layer 47.5-65.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
thick, cells 7.5-8.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
in diam., ellipsoid. Apothecia frequent, crowded, immersed or isolated from areolae, 0.3-0.8 mm in diam.; disc black, concave to flat, aggregated, cracked once mature, thin pruinose; margin reduced, slightly raised. Exciple almost absent. Hymenium 100.0-138.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
thick, colourless; paraphyses ca. 2.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
wide, branched, anastomosing or not; epihymenium ca. 15.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
thick, brown; subhymenium ca. 55.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
thick, colourless; hypothecium pale brown to brown. Asci
<taxonomicName authorityName="Koerber" authorityYear="1855" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Porpidiaceae" genus="Porpidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Porpidia" order="Lecideales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Porpidia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-type, cylindrical, eight-spored; ascospores 7.0-9.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3.0-4.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, ellipsoid, halonate (sometimes not distinct). Conidiomata immersed, oblate, black, margin heavily pruinose; conidia 7.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, bacilliform.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="chemistry">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Chemistry.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Thallus K-, C-. Medulla I+ violet. Confluentic acid, planaic acid and/or 2'-O-methylmicophyllinic acid.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Ecology and distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">In China, growing on granite at elevations of 4300-4500 m in the alpine zone. This species is known from Yunnan Province of China.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
The materials of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rambold &amp; Pietschm., in Rambold, Biblioth. Lichenol. 34: 240" authorityYear="1989" baseAuthorityName="Ach." class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Lecideaceae" genus="Immersaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Immersaria athroocarpa" order="Lecideales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="athroocarpa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Immersaria athroocarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Shangri-La County of Yunnan Province are morphologically identical with the specimen
<bibRefCitation author="Hertel, H" journalOrPublisher="Khumbu Himal, Ergebnisse des Forschungsunternehmens Nepal Himalaya" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="145 - 458" refId="B8" refString="Hertel, H, 1977. Gesteinsbewohnende Arten der Sammelgattung Lecidea (Lichenes) aus Zentral-, Ost- und Sudasien. Khumbu Himal, Ergebnisse des Forschungsunternehmens Nepal Himalaya 6: 145 - 458" title="Gesteinsbewohnende Arten der Sammelgattung Lecidea (Lichenes) aus Zentral-, Ost- und Sudasien." volume="6" year="1977">Hertel (1977)</bibRefCitation>
reported from the same locality, but differ from the lectotype in its aggregate areolae, the aggregate apothecia and the smaller size of ascospores (7.0-9.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3.0-4.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
). Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic results, the material from Shangri-La is treated as a new species,
<taxonomicName authorityName="C. M. Xie &amp; Lu L. Zhang" authorityYear="2022" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Lecideaceae" genus="Immersaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Immersaria shangrilaensis" order="Lecideales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="shangrilaensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Immersaria shangrilaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It is characterised by its large thallus, up to 10.0 cm in diam., the aggregate areolae and apothecia and the small size of ascospores.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2253-08-20" country="China" county="Luquan Co." elevation="4425" latitude="26.616667" location="Handel-Mazzetti" longLatPrecision="1241" longitude="99.71667" municipality="County" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Yunnan Province">
<collectingCountry name="China">China</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Yunnan">Yunnan Province</collectingRegion>
: Shangri-La
<collectingMunicipality>County</collectingMunicipality>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.425" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="4.35" unit="m" value="4425.0" valueMax="4500.0" valueMin="4350.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.425" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="4.35" unit="m" value="4425.0" valueMax="4500.0" valueMin="4350.0">4350-4500 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elev., on rock, 1915,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ABC02701E5CD568C8D1BB21930BA5BE8:ED6434543AFE45B41A60D7FCB1C3EB5B" country="China" county="Luquan Co." latitude="26.616667" longLatPrecision="1241" longitude="99.71667" municipality="County" name="Handel-Mazzetti" stateProvince="Yunnan Province">Handel-Mazzetti</location>
no. 6945 = WU-Lichenes0037752 (WU);
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ABC02701E5CD568C8D1BB21930BA5BE8:88F22F55F5D964541DA8EFA18B0D1AF4" country="China" county="Luquan Co." latitude="26.616667" longLatPrecision="1241" longitude="99.71667" municipality="County" name="Mt. Hong Shan" stateProvince="Yunnan Province">Mt. Hong Shan</location>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.363" unit="m" value="4363.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.363" unit="m" value="4363.0">4363 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elev.,
<geoCoordinate degrees="28" direction="north" minutes="7" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="28.116667">28°7'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="54" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="99.9">99°54'E</geoCoordinate>
, on rock, 2018,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ABC02701E5CD568C8D1BB21930BA5BE8:24A248802EA40A542C5214BE1408254A" country="China" county="Luquan Co." latitude="26.616667" longLatPrecision="1241" longitude="99.71667" municipality="County" name="Li-Song Wang" stateProvince="Yunnan Province">Li-Song Wang</location>
et al. 18-60430 (KUN),
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ABC02701E5CD568C8D1BB21930BA5BE8:5E152084C4754B074F7A48BC9266E2F9" country="China" county="Luquan Co." latitude="26.616667" longLatPrecision="1241" longitude="99.71667" municipality="County" name="Li-Song Wang" stateProvince="Yunnan Province">Li-Song Wang</location>
et al. 18-60447 (KUN)
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5031" unit="m" value="4503.1">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5031" unit="m" value="4503.1">4503.1 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elev.,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ABC02701E5CD568C8D1BB21930BA5BE8:1AEE5042DAC1C26B0413C9D0147A03FB" country="China" county="Luquan Co." latitude="26.616667" longLatPrecision="1241" longitude="99.71667" municipality="County" name="Chun-Xiao Wang" stateProvince="Yunnan Province">Chun-Xiao Wang</location>
et al. SDNU20181696 (SDNU),
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3618999999999994" unit="m" value="4361.9">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3618999999999994" unit="m" value="4361.9">4361.9 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elev.,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ABC02701E5CD568C8D1BB21930BA5BE8:7F68B8CC738A7A99E879068DBEF7C8C4" country="China" county="Luquan Co." latitude="26.616667" longLatPrecision="1241" longitude="99.71667" municipality="County" name="Chun-Xiao Wang" stateProvince="Yunnan Province">Chun-Xiao Wang</location>
et al. SDNU20181675 (SDNU);
<collectingCounty>Luquan Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ABC02701E5CD568C8D1BB21930BA5BE8:E7607E61ED2EBE2F749FBF4E4476F6FC" country="China" county="Luquan Co." latitude="26.616667" longLatPrecision="1241" longitude="99.71667" municipality="County" name="Mt. Jiaozixueshan" stateProvince="Yunnan Province">Mt. Jiaozixueshan</location>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" unit="m" value="3800.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" unit="m" value="3800.0">3800 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elev., 2008,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ABC02701E5CD568C8D1BB21930BA5BE8:F37E571DBD6826655D77138E3A18DCEA" country="China" county="Luquan Co." latitude="26.616667" longLatPrecision="1241" longitude="99.71667" municipality="County" name="Hai-Ying Wang" stateProvince="Yunnan Province">Hai-Ying Wang</location>
SDNU
<collectingDate value="2253-08-20">20082253</collectingDate>
(SDNU); Lijiang City,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ABC02701E5CD568C8D1BB21930BA5BE8:48B20D45C9315CA95494A48A26EEB3C6" country="China" county="Luquan Co." latitude="26.616667" longLatPrecision="1241" longitude="99.71667" municipality="County" name="Mt. Laojun" stateProvince="Yunnan Province">Mt. Laojun</location>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.981" unit="m" value="3981.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.981" unit="m" value="3981.0">3981 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elev.,
<geoCoordinate degrees="26" direction="north" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="26.616667">26°37'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="99.71667">99°43'E</geoCoordinate>
, 2018, Li-Song Wang et al. 18-60555, 18-60602 (KUN)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

109
data/AB/C0/51/ABC051179383A8177639060E33B2AC9E.xml Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
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<paragraph id="39EF5D24F243BB7664699AA7A98B5AAF" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="11CCF37A6B998E2E4D452A92E8C9269A" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Strongylognathus bulgaricus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulgaricus">Strongylognathus bulgaricus</taxonomicName>
Pisarski, 1966 (see Notes below).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2E5EB11D7160691C0EF36569DE48EEBA" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="records">
<paragraph id="4A8A7D12A585428C837D45DE3353E7DA" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Records</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD8F9E13F857BA80A8EBA2399C52CD3A" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
(Map 41): Central Predbalkan: Veliko Tarnovo (
<bibRefCitation id="6BA7137D6C2F02A6933F673969729F1A" author="Viehmeyer, H" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="203 - 220" title="Neue Ameisen." volume="88" year="1922">Viehmeyer 1922</bibRefCitation>
), Preobrazhenski monastery (10 km by Veliko Tarnovo), Dryanovo (
<bibRefCitation id="7AA645535850FAAE1CEC7876C8FE4C0D" author="Atanassov, N" journalOrPublisher="Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" title="[Fauna Bulgarica. 22. Hymenoptera, Formicidae]." year="1992">Atanassov and Dlusskij 1992</bibRefCitation>
); Eastern Predbalkan: Veliki Preslav (
<bibRefCitation id="DF84F8515FFB3DE9DABAC3679068A22B" author="Atanassov, N" journalOrPublisher="Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" title="[Fauna Bulgarica. 22. Hymenoptera, Formicidae]." year="1992">Atanassov and Dlusskij 1992</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B9DEB31992AF1F3E182651F3A10B250B" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="notes">
<paragraph id="326D016E6AAED079E12D699C3DA1A59F" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Notes:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="116F42899E9F31E75E8F0436E569B8D9" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<bibRefCitation id="0203EF7BFB7A074A098C2F3B8A046A27" author="Viehmeyer, H" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="203 - 220" title="Neue Ameisen." volume="88" year="1922">Viehmeyer (1922)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="A77D86ABBB9A8F1E7C071EAB3504C6C8" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Strongylognathus huberi subsp. rehbinderi var. bulgarica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="huberi" subSpecies="rehbinderi" variety="bulgarica">Strongylognathus huberi rehbinderi var. bulgarica</taxonomicName>
from Bulgaria, but this name is unavailable (quadrinomen). Later
<bibRefCitation id="E9A7895F1008B936E22C008A72341EEC" author="Pisarski, B" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="509 - 523" title="Etudes sur les fourmis du genre Strongylognathus Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)." volume="23" year="1966">Pisarski (1966)</bibRefCitation>
proposed the first available name for this form (
<taxonomicName id="1CFE3863D0F879AC5283DDE3138C19AF" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Strongylognathus rehbinderi subsp. bulgaricus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="rehbinderi" subSpecies="bulgaricus">Strongylognathus rehbinderi bulgaricus</taxonomicName>
) and considered
<taxonomicName id="EBDFFCBA8A7EF51E9170167123E1F8E7" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Strongylognathus kratochvili" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kratochvili">Strongylognathus kratochvili</taxonomicName>
as its junior synonym. Nevertheless, based on the
<bibRefCitation id="25A7A96C5A73834C053A43CC1D42A9C2" author="International Commission on Zoological, Nomenclature" journalOrPublisher="The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" title="International code of zoological nomenclature. Fourth edition." year="1999">International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (1999)</bibRefCitation>
the author of
<taxonomicName id="D8C90361548FC4FDDF6E9134B80F7F3E" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strongylognathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Strongylognathus bulgaricus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulgaricus">Strongylognathus bulgaricus</taxonomicName>
is
<bibRefCitation id="5CD53C5361B74A42C0CDD4EBE7BFB36E" author="Pisarski, B" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="509 - 523" title="Etudes sur les fourmis du genre Strongylognathus Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)." volume="23" year="1966">Pisarski (1966)</bibRefCitation>
, thus the name
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has priority.
<bibRefCitation id="D775616D04E70BF7E0707A960FC04332" author="Atanassov, N" journalOrPublisher="Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" title="[Fauna Bulgarica. 22. Hymenoptera, Formicidae]." year="1992">Atanassov and Dlusskij (1992)</bibRefCitation>
recorded this species as
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.
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<paragraph id="5F03A3706E3B1413C331ECBFBBC643CD" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Conservation Status:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E118F96B0030D38E0BA0F15E9CB3B17A" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Vulnerable D2 (IUCN).</paragraph>
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<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, K-5. Total:
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4.1.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Schiekia orinocensis (Kunth) Meisn A habitat B habit, showing an inflorescence from this flowering season and an old one from the previous year bearing dehisced capsules C root D leaf blade E inflorescence F, G flower: F side view of a flower showing the nectar drop (arrow) in the perianth aperture G frontal view of a flower H-L perianth segments: H upper perianth tepals showing their connate bases and the nectar guides I lower lateral tepal J side view of the lower lateral tepal showing the glandular pubescence K staminode-like projection L lower medial tepal M flower with perianth removed, showing the androecium and gynoecium. N, dehisced capsules. All photos by E. J. Hickman." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/481939" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kunth" authorityYear="1816" class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Wachendorfia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Wachendorfia orinocensis" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orinocensis">Wachendorfia orinocensis</taxonomicName>
Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 1(3): 319. 1816. Lectotype (designated here). Venezuela. Isla de Pararuma, in humidis, in ripa Orinoco propter confluentem Sinaruci et in insula Pararuma, fl., fr., May, F.W.H.A. Humboldt &amp; A.J.A. Bonpland 843 (P barcode P00669614!; isolectotype: P barcode P00669615!).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Willd ex Link" authorityYear="1820" class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Xiphidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xiphidium angustifolium" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustifolium">Xiphidium angustifolium</taxonomicName>
Willd. ex Link, Jahrb.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gewächsk">Gewaechsk</normalizedToken>
. 1(3): 73. 1820, nom. superfl., Syn nov.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Klotzsch &amp; M. R. Schomburgk" authorityYear="1849" baseAuthorityName="Kunth" class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Troschelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Troschelia orinocensis" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orinocensis">Troschelia orinocensis</taxonomicName>
(Kunth) Klotzsch &amp; M.R.Schomb., Reis. Br.-Guiana 1066, 1120. 1849.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Maury" authorityYear="1889" class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Schiekia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schiekia flavescens" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flavescens">Schiekia flavescens</taxonomicName>
Maury, J. Bot. (Morot) 3: 269. 1889. Lectotype (designated here). Venezuela. Upper
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Orinoco, Atures, Salvajito, fl., 3 Apr 1887, M. Gaillard 52 (P barcode P06891121!, pro parte, the two specimens on the sides).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Maury" authorityYear="1889" class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Schiekia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schiekia congesta" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="congesta">Schiekia congesta</taxonomicName>
Maury, J. Bot. (Morot) 3: 269, f. 12. 1889, nom. nud.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Maguire &amp; Wurdack" authorityYear="1957" class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Schiekia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schiekia orinocensis subsp. savannarum" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="orinocensis" subSpecies="savannarum">Schiekia orinocensis subsp. savannarum</taxonomicName>
Maguire &amp; Wurdack, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 9(3): 320. 1957. Holotype. Venezuela. Amazonas: Cerro Yapacana,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Orinoco, in savannah no. 1, northwest base of the mountain, fl., fr., 31 Dec 1950, B. Maguire et al. 30496 (NY barcode 00214486!; isotypes: F barcode V0045884F!, K barcode K000574294!).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclatural notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nomenclatural notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
When describing
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kunth" authorityYear="1816" class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Wachendorfia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Wachendorfia orinocensis" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orinocensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Wachendorfia orinocensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Kunth, CS" journalOrPublisher="Librairie Grcque-Latine-Allemande, Paris, France" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B22" refString="Kunth, CS, 1816. Nova Genera et Species Plantarum, ed. 4, Vol. 1, part 3. Librairie Grcque-Latine-Allemande, Paris, France" title="Nova Genera et Species Plantarum, ed. 4, Vol. 1, part 3." year="1816">Kunth (1816)</bibRefCitation>
mentions a collection made on Isla de Pararuma,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Orinoco, but makes no reference to the collector, collection number, or herbarium. During a visit to P herbarium, we came across two specimens in which the labels matched the locality in the protologue and also had a label indicating it had been part of the Bonpland &amp; Humboldt herbarium. The specimen P00669614 is clearly what the majority of the original illustration was based upon, while P00669615 was only used to illustrate the fruits. Thus, since the specimen P00669614 possesses well-preserved leaves and stems, floral buds, and mature flowers, it is here designated as the lectotype.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/481939" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 13" startId="F13">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 13.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Schiekia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schiekia orinocensis" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orinocensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Schiekia orinocensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Kunth) Meisn
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
habitat
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
habit, showing an inflorescence from this flowering season and an old one from the previous year bearing dehisced capsules
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
root
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
leaf blade
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
inflorescence
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F, G</emphasis>
flower:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
side view of a flower showing the nectar drop (arrow) in the perianth aperture
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
frontal view of a flower
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H-L</emphasis>
perianth segments:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
upper perianth tepals showing their connate bases and the nectar guides
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
lower lateral tepal
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
side view of the lower lateral tepal showing the glandular pubescence
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K</emphasis>
staminode-like projection
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L</emphasis>
lower medial tepal
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M</emphasis>
flower with perianth removed, showing the androecium and gynoecium.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N</emphasis>
, dehisced capsules. All photos by E.J. Hickman.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
When describing
<taxonomicName authorityName="Maury" authorityYear="1889" class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Schiekia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schiekia flavescens" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flavescens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Schiekia flavescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Maury, PJB" journalOrPublisher="Journal de Botanique (Morot)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="266 - 273" refId="B31" refString="Maury, PJB, 1889. Enumeration des plantes du Haut-Orenoque. Journal de Botanique (Morot) 3: 266 - 273" title="Enumeration des plantes du Haut-Orenoque." volume="3" year="1889">Maury (1889)</bibRefCitation>
mentions two collections,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gaillard 52</emphasis>
and
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chaffanjon 185</emphasis>
. During a visit to P, we were unable to locate the collection
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chaffanjon 185</emphasis>
but managed to find
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gaillard 52</emphasis>
. The latter was cited by Maury as a mixed gathering, with two specimens of his
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. flavescens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="flavescens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. flavescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and a central specimen of
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. orinocensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="orinocensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. orinocensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Thus, we designate the two lateral specimens (right and left) as comprising the lectotype for
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. flavescens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="flavescens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. flavescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Schiekia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schiekia orinocensis" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orinocensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Schiekia orinocensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in its current circumscription, is a far more geographically-restricted taxon than traditionally accepted. It is known to occur in Colombia, Guyana, Venezuela, and Brazil (States of Amazonas,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
, and Roraima) (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Distribution of Schiekia orinocensis (Kunth) Meisn. Beige - Temperate Coniferous Forests and Boreal Forests; Yellow - Temperate Grasslands, Savannahs and Shrublands; Pink - Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests; Light Green - Subtropical Coniferous Forests; Red - Deserts, Xeric Shrublands and Tropical Coniferous Forests; Orange - Tropical / Subtropical Grasslands, Savannahs and Shrublands; Maroon - Dry Broadleaf Forests; Green - Moist Broadleaf Forests; Lilac - Montane Grasslands and Shrublands." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/481940" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">14</figureCitation>
), in tepuis and other montane formations in the Guyana Shield, in seasonally-flooded environments.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/481940" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 14" startId="F14">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 14.</emphasis>
Distribution of
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Schiekia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schiekia orinocensis" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orinocensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Schiekia orinocensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Kunth) Meisn. Beige - Temperate Coniferous Forests and Boreal Forests; Yellow - Temperate Grasslands, Savannahs and Shrublands; Pink - Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests; Light Green - Subtropical Coniferous Forests; Red - Deserts, Xeric Shrublands and Tropical Coniferous Forests; Orange - Tropical/Subtropical Grasslands, Savannahs and Shrublands; Maroon - Dry Broadleaf Forests; Green - Moist Broadleaf Forests; Lilac - Montane Grasslands and Shrublands.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="phenology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">It was found in flower and fruit from June to October, during the dry season.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Schiekia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schiekia orinocensis" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orinocensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Schiekia orinocensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possesses a wide EOO (1,193,173 km2) but a relatively narrow AOO (ca. 224 km2). This narrow AOO might be related to the relatively reduced number of collections, especially when compared to
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. timida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="timida">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. timida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The relatively small number of specimens might be due to the difficulty of reaching and collecting in tepuis and other mountainous formations in the Amazon Region. Nonetheless, field observations by one of us (EJH) indicate that
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. orinocensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="orinocensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. orinocensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forms considerably smaller and more restricted subpopulations than
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. timida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="timida">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. timida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which might indicate it is ecologically more specific in its requirements. Thus, following
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/" refId="B21" refString="IUCN, 2001. The IUCN Red List Of Threatened Species, version 2010.4. IUCN Red List Unit, Cambridge U.K. http://www.iucnredlist.org/" title="The IUCN Red List Of Threatened Species, version 2010.4. IUCN Red List Unit, Cambridge U. K." url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/" year="2001">
<normalizedToken originalValue="IUCN’s">IUCN's</normalizedToken>
(2001)
</bibRefCitation>
recommendations,
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. orinocensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="orinocensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. orinocensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be considered as Vulnerable [VU, A2ab+C2a(i)].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Schiekia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schiekia" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Schiekia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has consistently been treated as a monospecific genus until the present study, given that
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. flavescens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="flavescens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. flavescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been considered a synonym of
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. orinocensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="orinocensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. orinocensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
since very early days. Nonetheless, previous studies, such as
<bibRefCitation author="Maguire, B" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="235 - 392" refId="B29" refString="Maguire, B, Wurdack, JJ, 1957. The Botany of the Guayana Highland- Part II. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 9 (3): 235 - 392" title="The Botany of the Guayana Highland- Part II." volume="9" year="1957">Maguire and Wurdack (1957)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation author="Maas, PJM" journalOrPublisher="Neotropica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 44" refId="B27" refString="Maas, PJM, Maas-van de Kamer, H, 1993. Haemodoraceae. Fl. Neotropica 61: 1 - 44" title="Haemodoraceae. Fl." volume="61" year="1993">Maas and Maas-van de Kamer (1993)</bibRefCitation>
, have treated the polymorphism observed in herbarium specimens by recognising different subspecies. Both previous attempts to divide
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. orinocensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="orinocensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. orinocensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were almost entirely based on vegetative morphology (
<bibRefCitation author="Maguire, B" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="235 - 392" refId="B29" refString="Maguire, B, Wurdack, JJ, 1957. The Botany of the Guayana Highland- Part II. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 9 (3): 235 - 392" title="The Botany of the Guayana Highland- Part II." volume="9" year="1957">Maguire and Wurdack 1957</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Maas, PJM" journalOrPublisher="Neotropica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 44" refId="B27" refString="Maas, PJM, Maas-van de Kamer, H, 1993. Haemodoraceae. Fl. Neotropica 61: 1 - 44" title="Haemodoraceae. Fl." volume="61" year="1993">Maas and Maas-van de Kamer 1993</bibRefCitation>
), with the second one also relying on the proportion between the leaves and the inflorescences (
<bibRefCitation author="Maas, PJM" journalOrPublisher="Neotropica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 44" refId="B27" refString="Maas, PJM, Maas-van de Kamer, H, 1993. Haemodoraceae. Fl. Neotropica 61: 1 - 44" title="Haemodoraceae. Fl." volume="61" year="1993">Maas and Maas-van de Kamer 1993</bibRefCitation>
). The observed variation in plant stature and leaf length and width, which was used by previous authors to recognise subspecies (
<bibRefCitation author="Maguire, B" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="235 - 392" refId="B29" refString="Maguire, B, Wurdack, JJ, 1957. The Botany of the Guayana Highland- Part II. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 9 (3): 235 - 392" title="The Botany of the Guayana Highland- Part II." volume="9" year="1957">Maguire and Wurdack 1957</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Maas, PJM" journalOrPublisher="Neotropica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 44" refId="B27" refString="Maas, PJM, Maas-van de Kamer, H, 1993. Haemodoraceae. Fl. Neotropica 61: 1 - 44" title="Haemodoraceae. Fl." volume="61" year="1993">Maas and Maas-van de Kamer 1993</bibRefCitation>
), seems to be environmental and, thus, is here disregarded as taxonomically relevant. Our present treatment is based on extensive field and herbarium studies. It suggests that three species can be recognised based on ecological preferences, rhizome morphology, leaf morphology, tepal arrangement and colouration, the width of the filiform staminode-like projections, capsules morphology and colouration, and seed ornamentation.
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Schiekia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schiekia orinocensis" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orinocensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Schiekia orinocensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
s.str. is morphologically similar to
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. timida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="timida">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. timida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
due to its rhizome morphology, leaf arrangement and consistency, inflorescence architecture, upright to patent flowers, inflated medial filament, and tuberculate seeds.
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Schiekia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schiekia orinocensis" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orinocensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Schiekia orinocensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
s.str. can be differentiated by its leaves with inconspicuous veins (vs. conspicuously veined in
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. timida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="timida">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. timida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), chasmogamous and bilabiate flowers (vs. cleistogamous and narrowly tubular), pedicels gibbose at the apex (vs. not gibbous), tepals with apex reflexed and apricot to cream (vs. straight and light to medium green), upper tepals with three dark orange to orange-brown nectar guides (vs. lacking nectar guides), staminode-like projections fusiform and almost as long as its subtending tepal (vs. filiform and 1/3 the length of its subtending tepals) and capsules broader than long (vs. slightly longer than broad or as broad as long).
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Schiekia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schiekia orinocensis" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orinocensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Schiekia orinocensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
s.str. and
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. silvestris" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="silvestris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. silvestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
share the chasmogamous flowers and upper tepals with nectar guides, thick and fusiform staminode-like projections and capsules slightly longer than broad or as broad as long. Nonetheless, they can be easily differentiated based on vegetative morphology, flower orientation, inflation of the medial filament, capsule colouration, and seed ornamentation (see below).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Fourteen new species of the spider genus Psiloderces Simon, 1892 from Southeast Asia (Araneae, Psilodercidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Chang, Wan-Jin</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Li, Shuqiang</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>902</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>61</mods:start>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.902.38967</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.902.38967</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-902-61</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="161677824" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:15F30792-C43A-4D79-AC45-18836A3B24E5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/ABC091723C855A50878C506A7615361B" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="61" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
<taxonomicName LSID="ABC09172-3C85-5A50-878C-506A7615361B" authority="Li &amp; Chang" authorityName="Li &amp; Chang" authorityYear="2020" class="Arachnida" family="Psilodercidae" genus="Psiloderces" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psiloderces grohotensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grohotensis" status="sp. nov.">Psiloderces grohotensis Li &amp; Chang</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="61">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Psiloderces grohotensis sp. nov., male holotype and female paratype. A Endogyne, dorsal view, B female epigastric area, ventral view C male habitus, dorsal view D female habitus, dorsal view E female habitus, ventral view. Abbreviation: SP = spermatheca." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.902.38967.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370862" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Figs 18</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Psiloderces grohotensis sp. nov., male holotype. A Palp, ventral view B bulb, ventral view C palp, prolateral view D palp, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: CP = cymbial protrusion, BG = bulges, EM = embolus, LA = laminar apophysis." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.902.38967.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370863" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">, 19</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="F29" captionText="Figure 29. Cheliceral retromargin, posterior view. A Psiloderces penajamensis sp. nov. B P. malinoensis sp. nov. C P. palopoensis sp. nov. D P. grohotensis sp. nov. E P. bolang sp. nov. Abbreviations: CL = cheliceral laminar, RT = retromargin teeth." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.902.38967.figure29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370873" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">, 29D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="F30" captionText="Figure 30. Distribution of new Psiloderces species in Southeast Asia. 1 P. heise sp. nov. 2 P. gawanaensis sp. nov. 3 P. bontocensis sp. nov. 4 P. cuyapoensis sp. nov. 5 P. xichang sp. nov. 6 P. cattienensis sp. nov. 7 P. pingguo sp. nov. 8 P. palopoensis sp. nov. 9 P. penajamensis sp. nov. 10 P. grohotensis sp. nov. 11 P. bangkiraiensis sp. nov. 12 P. bolang sp. nov. 13 P. wangou sp. nov. 14 P. malinoensis sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.902.38967.figure30" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370874" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">, 30</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="61" type="types">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Types.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Holotype:</emphasis>
♂ (IZCAS), Indonesia, East Kalimantan, Tanah Grohot,
<geoCoordinate degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="48.6260" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-1.8104334">1°48.6260'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="115" direction="east" minutes="51.1250" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="115.85208">115°51.1250'E</geoCoordinate>
, 62 m, 20.VIII.2017, H. Liu &amp; Z. Chen.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Paratype</emphasis>
: 1♀ (IZCAS), same data as holotype.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="61" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="61">The species name is an adjective referring to the type locality.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="61" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
Males of
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. grohotensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grohotensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">P. grohotensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. can be distinguished from all other species of the genus by the structure of the bulb which has 2 bulges, and a laminar apophysis connected to the embolus (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Psiloderces grohotensis sp. nov., male holotype. A Palp, ventral view B bulb, ventral view C palp, prolateral view D palp, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: CP = cymbial protrusion, BG = bulges, EM = embolus, LA = laminar apophysis." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.902.38967.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370863" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">19B</figureCitation>
) (vs. one bulge or absent); the female can be distinguished by transversal, tubular spermathecae resembling caterpillars (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Psiloderces grohotensis sp. nov., male holotype and female paratype. A Endogyne, dorsal view, B female epigastric area, ventral view C male habitus, dorsal view D female habitus, dorsal view E female habitus, ventral view. Abbreviation: SP = spermatheca." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.902.38967.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370862" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">18A</figureCitation>
) (vs. the absence of transversal, tubular spermathecae).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="61" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Male</emphasis>
(Holotype). Total length 1.30; carapace 0.50 long, 0.60 wide; abdomen 0.80 long, 0.50 wide. Carapace round and pale brown, with trident dark brown stripes medially and dark brown bands laterally (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Psiloderces grohotensis sp. nov., male holotype and female paratype. A Endogyne, dorsal view, B female epigastric area, ventral view C male habitus, dorsal view D female habitus, dorsal view E female habitus, ventral view. Abbreviation: SP = spermatheca." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.902.38967.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370862" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">18C</figureCitation>
). Chelicerae pale brown (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="F29" captionText="Figure 29. Cheliceral retromargin, posterior view. A Psiloderces penajamensis sp. nov. B P. malinoensis sp. nov. C P. palopoensis sp. nov. D P. grohotensis sp. nov. E P. bolang sp. nov. Abbreviations: CL = cheliceral laminar, RT = retromargin teeth." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.902.38967.figure29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370873" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">29D</figureCitation>
). Clypeus slanting, dark brown. Endites dark brown, light brown basally. Labium dark brown, delimiting pair of light brown circular dots. Sternum dark brown. Abdomen elongated, dorsum with indistinct brownish stripes, antero-ventrally with pair of circular dark brown patches followed by elliptical light brown patch, posterior dark brown, delimiting light brown dotted vertical lines laterally and V-shaped medially. Legs uniformly brown; measurements: I 7.47 (2.00, 0.20, 2.25, 2.00, 1.02), II 5.85 (1.60, 0.20, 1.75, 1.50, 0.80), III 4.10 (1.09, 0.16, 1.20, 1.10, 0.55), IV 6.00 (1.60, 0.20, 1.80, 1.60, 0.80). Palp (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Psiloderces grohotensis sp. nov., male holotype. A Palp, ventral view B bulb, ventral view C palp, prolateral view D palp, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: CP = cymbial protrusion, BG = bulges, EM = embolus, LA = laminar apophysis." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.902.38967.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370863" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">19A-D</figureCitation>
): femur slender, 4 times longer than patella; patella not swollen; tibia 2.5 times shorter than femur; cymbium 1.5 times shorter than femur, protrusion darkens distally; bulb pale brown, diamond-shaped with embolus and laminar apophysis located distally; embolus thin, connected basally with laminar apophysis; 2 acute bulges directed ventrally (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Psiloderces grohotensis sp. nov., male holotype. A Palp, ventral view B bulb, ventral view C palp, prolateral view D palp, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: CP = cymbial protrusion, BG = bulges, EM = embolus, LA = laminar apophysis." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.902.38967.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370863" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">19B</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.902.38967.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370862" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" start="Figure 18" startId="F18">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Figure 18.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Li &amp; Chang" authorityYear="2020" class="Arachnida" family="Psilodercidae" genus="Psiloderces" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psiloderces grohotensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grohotensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Psiloderces grohotensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., male holotype and female paratype.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">A</emphasis>
Endogyne, dorsal view,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">B</emphasis>
female epigastric area, ventral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">C</emphasis>
male habitus, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">D</emphasis>
female habitus, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">E</emphasis>
female habitus, ventral view. Abbreviation: SP = spermatheca.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.902.38967.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370863" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" start="Figure 19" startId="F19">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Figure 19.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Li &amp; Chang" authorityYear="2020" class="Arachnida" family="Psilodercidae" genus="Psiloderces" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psiloderces grohotensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grohotensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Psiloderces grohotensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., male holotype.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">A</emphasis>
Palp, ventral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">B</emphasis>
bulb, ventral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">C</emphasis>
palp, prolateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">D</emphasis>
palp, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: CP = cymbial protrusion, BG = bulges, EM = embolus, LA = laminar apophysis.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Female</emphasis>
(Paratype). General features and coloration similar to those of male (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Psiloderces grohotensis sp. nov., male holotype and female paratype. A Endogyne, dorsal view, B female epigastric area, ventral view C male habitus, dorsal view D female habitus, dorsal view E female habitus, ventral view. Abbreviation: SP = spermatheca." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.902.38967.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370862" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">18D, E</figureCitation>
). Measurements: total length 1.49; carapace 0.47 long, 0.55 wide; abdomen 1.02 long, 0.78 wide. Leg measurements: I 3.96 (1.30, 0.16, 1.50, 1.30, 0.70), II 4.91 (1.25, 0.16, 1.50, 1.30, 0.70), III 3.89 (1.00, 0.13, 1.13, 1.00, 0.63), IV 5.41 (1.38, 0.13, 1.70, 1.40, 0.80). Endogyne (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Psiloderces grohotensis sp. nov., male holotype and female paratype. A Endogyne, dorsal view, B female epigastric area, ventral view C male habitus, dorsal view D female habitus, dorsal view E female habitus, ventral view. Abbreviation: SP = spermatheca." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.902.38967.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370862" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">18A</figureCitation>
): spermathecae tubular, elongate mesally, median tips pointed, lateral ends rounded, receptacles separated by about 3 diameters (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Psiloderces grohotensis sp. nov., male holotype and female paratype. A Endogyne, dorsal view, B female epigastric area, ventral view C male habitus, dorsal view D female habitus, dorsal view E female habitus, ventral view. Abbreviation: SP = spermatheca." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.902.38967.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370862" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">18A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="61" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
Known only from the type locality (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="F30" captionText="Figure 30. Distribution of new Psiloderces species in Southeast Asia. 1 P. heise sp. nov. 2 P. gawanaensis sp. nov. 3 P. bontocensis sp. nov. 4 P. cuyapoensis sp. nov. 5 P. xichang sp. nov. 6 P. cattienensis sp. nov. 7 P. pingguo sp. nov. 8 P. palopoensis sp. nov. 9 P. penajamensis sp. nov. 10 P. grohotensis sp. nov. 11 P. bangkiraiensis sp. nov. 12 P. bolang sp. nov. 13 P. wangou sp. nov. 14 P. malinoensis sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.902.38967.figure30" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370874" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">30</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.707.13042" ID-GBIF-Dataset="77aa16c7-25ee-4130-a594-57ed6e914df1" ID-PMC="PMC5674146" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-707-1" ID-PubMed="29118626" ID-ZBK="6A0BCD992749450C874B440D0C0A232C" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-707-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 707" ModsDocTitle="Abyssal fauna of the UK-1 polymetallic nodule exploration area, Clarion-Clipperton Zone, central Pacific Ocean: Mollusca" checkinTime="1507668034441" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Wiklund, Helena, Taylor, John D., Dahlgren, Thomas G., Todt, Christiane, Ikebe, Chiho, Rabone, Muriel &amp; Glover, Adrian G." docDate="2017" docId="ABC0C4125F6B167163A3C08D27FBA682" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 707: 1-46" docOrigin="ZooKeys 707" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.707.13042" docTitle="Gadila sp. (NHM _ 345" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="25" masterDocId="FFC7FFE8482EB03042654660FFF4EB7D" masterDocTitle="Abyssal fauna of the UK- 1 polymetallic nodule exploration area, Clarion-Clipperton Zone, central Pacific Ocean: Mollusca" masterLastPageNumber="46" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="25" updateTime="1668164910568" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Abyssal fauna of the UK- 1 polymetallic nodule exploration area, Clarion-Clipperton Zone, central Pacific Ocean: Mollusca</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Wiklund, Helena</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Taylor, John D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Dahlgren, Thomas G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Todt, Christiane</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Ikebe, Chiho</mods:namePart>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Rabone, Muriel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Glover, Adrian G.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="135489971" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ABC0C4125F6B167163A3C08D27FBA682" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/ABC0C4125F6B167163A3C08D27FBA682" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName authority="sp. (NHM _ 345)" class="Scaphopoda" family="Gadilidae" genus="Gadila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gadila" order="Pholadomyoida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Gadila sp. (NHM_345)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">NHM_345 NHMUK 20170076, collected 2013-10-17, 13.75583 -116.48667, 4076 m. http://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/c301a72f-54cb-435e-8aae-17cf4d37675f</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Short, glossy, transparent, maximum diameter near centre, ventral side curved, dorsal side near straight. Mouth simple, oblique. NHM_345 voucher specimen length 6 mm, width 1.4 mm (Fig. 23C).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="genetic data">
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Genetic data.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">GenBank NHM_345 16S-MF157463, 18S-MF157493, COI-MF157518.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
Forms a unique monophyletic clade distinct from other AB01 specimens. No genetic matches on GenBank. Phylogenetic tree supports placement in order
<taxonomicName lsidName="Pteriomorphia" order="Gadilida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rank="order">Gadilida</taxonomicName>
(Figure 24). Genetic and image data made available for future study when better specimens available.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Specimen collected from an epibenthic sledge tow across region of sediment and polymetallic nodules.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.918.49648" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a0c71c82-a782-4ef8-a3a7-75f4637afb81" ID-PMC="PMC7082377" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-918-99" ID-Pensoft-UUID="B1E99D1C226850AA9F76EEB66ECEDCEB" ID-PubMed="32210667" ID-ZooBank="A8ACA00F1AEF41C4AE0E402C3E5A6A7B" ModsDocID="1313-2970-918-99" checkinTime="1584105009695" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Ivkovic, Marija, Doric, Valentina, Baranov, Viktor, Mihaljevic, Zlatko, Kolcsar, Levente-Peter, Kvifte, Gunnar Mikalsen, Nerudova, Jana &amp; Pont, Adrian C." docDate="2020" docId="ABC0FCDFADD65B2486DCE5EB09361848" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 918: 99-142" docOrigin="ZooKeys 918" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.918.49648" docTitle="Metriocnemus eurynothus" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="B1E99D1C226850AA9F76EEB66ECEDCEB" lastPageNumber="99" masterDocId="B1E99D1C226850AA9F76EEB66ECEDCEB" masterDocTitle="Checklist of aquatic Diptera (Insecta) of Plitvice Lakes National Park, Croatia, a UNESCO world heritage site" masterLastPageNumber="142" masterPageNumber="99" pageNumber="99" updateTime="1668168568060" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Checklist of aquatic Diptera (Insecta) of Plitvice Lakes National Park, Croatia, a UNESCO world heritage site</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Mihaljevic, Zlatko</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Literature reference.</paragraph>
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• spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1) (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.limno.2015.09.001" author="Ivkovic, M" journalOrPublisher="Limnologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="44 - 57" refId="B28" refString="Ivkovic, M, Milisa, M, Baranov, V, Mihaljevic, Z, 2015. Environmental drivers of biotic traits and phenology patterns of Diptera assemblages in karst springs: The role of canopy uncovered. Limnologica 54: 44 - 57, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.limno.2015.09.001" title="Environmental drivers of biotic traits and phenology patterns of Diptera assemblages in karst springs: The role of canopy uncovered." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.limno.2015.09.001" volume="54" year="2015">
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et al. 2015
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).
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