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4.
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<paragraph id="EC68C556A294EBD71D6527B45FA5B918" pageNumber="39">[[ queen ]]. Hab. Celebes; Bachian.</paragraph>
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Gravenhorst, 1829
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(Bridgman, 1880,
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<paragraph id="3B66C78D10998A526E703F31C073A0CF" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042">England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland, Isle of Man</paragraph>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.257.3666</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.257.3666</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-257-1</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152039613" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D480D872-86F3-4920-B9A7-550925CCD97A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CDD9837797276019A9D763F385FCF8B3" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D480D872-86F3-4920-B9A7-550925CCD97A" class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Lubanema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lubanema decraemerae" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="decraemerae">Lubanema decraemerae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="4" pageNumber="5">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 4
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–G">A-G</normalizedToken>
, 5
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
♀ holotype, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kivu Region, Katale,
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.3166666">1°19'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="29.366667">29°22'E</geoCoordinate>
; in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Passalidae" genus="Didimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Didimus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Didimus</taxonomicName>
sp.; 4.V.1939; Hautmann coll.; CZACC 11.4667. Paratypes: ♀, same data as holotype, CZACC 11.4668; ♀, same data as holotype, RMCA.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="measurements">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Measurements.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Holotype (female) a = 6.70, b = 5.97, c = 40.18, V% = 57.92, total length = 2.210, maximum body width = 0.330, first cephalic annule (
<normalizedToken originalValue="length×width">lengthxwidth</normalizedToken>
) = 0.020
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.070, stoma length = 0.048, procorpus length = 0.268, diameter of basal bulb = 0.108, total length of oesophagus = 0.370, excretory pore to anterior end = 0.520, vulva to posterior end = 0.930, anus to posterior end = 0.055, eggs = 0.168-0.173
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.075-0.080 (0.170
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.004
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.078
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.004 n = 2).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Paratypes (females) (n = 2) a = 4.44-6.36 (5.40
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.36 n = 2), b = 3.66-5.68 (4.67
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.43 n = 2), c = 34.45-38.18 (36.31
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
2.64 n = 2), V% = 56.67 (n = 1), total length = 2.100-2.400 (2.250
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.212 n = 2), maximum body width = 0.330 (n = 2), first cephalic annule (
<normalizedToken originalValue="length×width">lengthxwidth</normalizedToken>
) = 0.020
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.063-0.065 (0.020
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.064
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.002 n = 2), stoma length = 0.043-0.045 (0.044
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.002 n = 2), procorpus length = 0.275-0.300 (0.288
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.018 n = 2), diameter of basal bulb = 0.108 (n = 2), total length of oesophagus = 0.370-0.400 (0.385
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.021 n = 2), nerve ring to anterior end = 0.223 (n = 1), excretory pore to anterior end = 0.410-0.600 (0.505
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.134 n = 2), vulva to posterior end = 1.040 (n = 1), anus to posterior end = 0.043-0.055 (0.049
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.009 n = 2), eggs = 0.183
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.078 (n = 1).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Female body large, notably robust and fusiform, widening gradually from the base of the first cephalic annule, reaching maximum width near mid-body, then tapering softly towards the posterior end that rounds off abruptly. A comparatively very short, conical tail appendage with its tip rounded arises terminally from the posterior end. Cervical cuticle unarmed, with marked annule (ca. 13
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
wide), extending to the rest of body, until level of the anus. Lateral alae thick, ca. 55
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
wide, extending from the hind third of the procorpus to the level of the anus. Posterior ends of lateral alae almost forming a straight angle with the body axis, slightly convex, their external margins forming a very short lobe. Head bearing eight rounded, paired papil
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="6" start="start">lae</pageBreakToken>
, set-off from body by a single, deep groove. Amphids pore-like, laterally situated. Mouth trirradiate. First cephalic annule cone-like, slightly inflated, its margins convex, about two head-lengths long. Stoma long, about 1.5 first cephalic annule lengths
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="7" start="start">long</pageBreakToken>
, surrounded by an oesophageal collar. Oesophagus consisting of a muscular, sub-cylindrical procorpus, its diameter little increased at its base. Isthmus as a constriction between the procorpus and the large, rounded, basal bulb. Valve plate well developed. Intestine simple, sub-rectilinear, its fore region very inflated. Rectum short. Anus sub-terminal. Nerve ring encircling procorpus at its posterior half (ca. 60% of its length). Excretory pore located at about the half of a body width behind the basal bulb. Vulva a median trasverse slit, displaced to the posterior half of body, lips less prominent. Vagina muscular, forwardly directed. Genital tract monodelphic-prodelphic. Ovary stout, reflexed at about one third of the body width behind the basal bulb.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Oöcytes">Ooecytes</normalizedToken>
in a single row, about four times wider than long (ca. 8
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
). Eggs large, markedly ovoid, smooth-shelled. Male unknown.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Figure 4.
<taxonomicName class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Lubanema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lubanema decraemerae" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="decraemerae">Lubanema decraemerae</taxonomicName>
gen. n. sp. n. Female. A Oesophageal region, ventrolateral view B Cephalic end, internal view C Cephalic end, external view D Tail, ventral view E Egg F Reproductive system, ventrolateral view G Entire nematode, ventrolateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Figure 5.
<taxonomicName class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Lubanema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lubanema decraemerae" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="decraemerae">Lubanema decraemerae</taxonomicName>
gen. n. sp. n. Female. SEM images. A Cephalic end B Cephalic end, en face view C Mouth D Lateral ala, detail. Scale lines: A,D 0.05 mm, B 0.02 mm, C 0.005 mm
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
The Malagasian genus
<taxonomicName class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Passalidophila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Passalidophila" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Passalidophila</taxonomicName>
resembles
<taxonomicName class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Lubanema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lubanema" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Lubanema</taxonomicName>
gen. n. by having both the body robust and fusiform, cervical cuticle unarmed and markedly annulated, a similar form of the cephalic end, the lateral alae extending from the level of the procorpus to the anus and the tail short (
<bibRefCitation author="Van Waerebeke, D" journalOrPublisher="," pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="3 - 43" title=". Les oxyuroides associes aux Passalidae a Madagascar. Cahiers ORSTOM, Ser. Biol." volume="18" year="1973">Van Waerebeke 1973</bibRefCitation>
). Differs by having a procorpus which diameter increases towards its joint with the isthmus.
<taxonomicName class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Lubanema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lubanema" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Lubanema</taxonomicName>
gen. n. have a more cylindrical procorpus and the isthmus is absent. The tail of
<taxonomicName class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Passalidophila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Passalidophila" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Passalidophila</taxonomicName>
is subulate, instead of the current new genus, which presents a very short tail appendage arising from the rounded posterior end. In addition, the ovary of
<taxonomicName class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Passalidophila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Passalidophila" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Passalidophila</taxonomicName>
is slender vs. the robust ovary of
<taxonomicName class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Lubanema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lubanema" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Lubanema</taxonomicName>
gen. n.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Other monogonant hystrignathid genera with smooth cervical cuticle are
<taxonomicName class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Christiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Christiella" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Christiella</taxonomicName>
Travassos &amp; Kloss, 1957;
<taxonomicName class="Trilobita" family="Encrinuridae" genus="Coronocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coronocephalus" order="Phacopida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Coronocephalus</taxonomicName>
Cordeira, 1981;
<taxonomicName class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Glaber" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Glaber" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Glaber</taxonomicName>
Travassos &amp; Kloss, 1958;
<taxonomicName class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Longior" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Longior" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Longior</taxonomicName>
Travassos &amp; Kloss, 1958; and
<taxonomicName class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Vulcanonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vulcanonema" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Vulcanonema</taxonomicName>
Travassos &amp; Kloss, 1958. All of these taxa can be differentiated from
<taxonomicName class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Lubanema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lubanema" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Lubanema</taxonomicName>
gen. n. by having a well developed tail, from attenuate to subulate.
<taxonomicName class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Christiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Christiella" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Christiella</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Longior" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Longior" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Longior</taxonomicName>
females have a comparatively slender body vs. the notably more robust and fusiform body of
<taxonomicName class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Lubanema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lubanema" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Lubanema</taxonomicName>
gen. n. Also, both genera present cylindrical procorpus more elongate than in
<taxonomicName class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Lubanema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lubanema" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Lubanema</taxonomicName>
gen. n.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName class="Trilobita" family="Encrinuridae" genus="Coronocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coronocephalus" order="Phacopida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Coronocephalus</taxonomicName>
bears prominent, digitiform oral papillae, instead of the shorter, less developed papillae of
<taxonomicName class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Lubanema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lubanema" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Lubanema</taxonomicName>
gen. n. In the latter genus the procorpus meets directly the basal bulb, while
<taxonomicName class="Trilobita" family="Encrinuridae" genus="Coronocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coronocephalus" order="Phacopida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Coronocephalus</taxonomicName>
present an isthmus.
<taxonomicName class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Glaber" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Glaber" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Glaber</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Lubanema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lubanema" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Lubanema</taxonomicName>
gen. n. by having the base of the procorpus clavate, instead of the sub-cylindrical procorpus present in the new genus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Vulcanonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vulcanonema" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Vulcanonema</taxonomicName>
presents the cephalic end consisting of a narrow cephalic annule separated of the head by a conical region. In opposition,
<taxonomicName class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Lubanema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lubanema" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Lubanema</taxonomicName>
gen. n. have the first cephalic annule just after the head. Also, the procorpus of
<taxonomicName class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Vulcanonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vulcanonema" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Vulcanonema</taxonomicName>
is sub-cylindrical, with a basal dilation, absent in the present new genus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Lubanema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lubanema" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Lubanema</taxonomicName>
gen. n. shows morphological affinities with the Australian genera
<taxonomicName class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Anuronema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anuronema" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Anuronema</taxonomicName>
Clark, 1978 and
<taxonomicName class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Sprentia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sprentia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Sprentia</taxonomicName>
Clark, 1978 by having the cuticle unarmed and strongly annulated, reduction of the isthmus and the tail. Moreover, the lateral alae of
<taxonomicName class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Anuronema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anuronema" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Anuronema</taxonomicName>
extends from the oesophageal region to almost the level of the anus, similar to
<taxonomicName class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Lubanema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lubanema" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Lubanema</taxonomicName>
gen. n. The new genus differs from both by its genital tract monodelphic-prodelphic vs. didelphic-amphidelphic, procorpus sub-cylindrical vs. claviform and development of the lateral alae, which in
<taxonomicName class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Lubanema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lubanema" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Lubanema</taxonomicName>
gen. n. are very wide and with
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="8" start="start">lobes</pageBreakToken>
in the margins at their terminal ends.The procorpus is widely amalgamated with the basal bulb in
<taxonomicName class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Anuronema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anuronema" order="Rhabditida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Anuronema</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Sprentia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sprentia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Sprentia</taxonomicName>
, whereas
<taxonomicName class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Lubanema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lubanema" order="Rhabditida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Lubanema</taxonomicName>
gen. n. presents a well defined constriction separating both structures.
<taxonomicName class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Anuronema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anuronema" order="Rhabditida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Anuronema</taxonomicName>
has a total reduction of the tail appendage (
<bibRefCitation author="Clark, WC" journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Parasitology" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="603 - 615" title="Nematoda (Oxyuroidea: Thelastomatidae) from Australian passalid beetle (Coleoptera: Passalidae) with description of new species." volume="26" year="1978">Clark 1978</bibRefCitation>
) not observed in
<taxonomicName class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Lubanema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lubanema" order="Rhabditida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Lubanema</taxonomicName>
with a short, conical tail.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Carlosia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carlosia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Carlosia</taxonomicName>
Travassos &amp; Kloss, 1957 also presents a reduction of the isthmus, a large, slightly inflated first cephalic annule and marked annule in the cervical region (
<bibRefCitation author="Hunt, D" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Parasitology" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="59 - 68" title="Hystrignathus ferox n. sp. and Xyo xiphacanthus n. sp. (Oxyurida: Hystrignathidae) with additional data on Carlosia tijucana Travassos and Kloss, 1957." url="10.1007/BF00012229" volume="4" year="1982">Hunt 1982</bibRefCitation>
). It can be easily segregated from
<taxonomicName class="Chromadorea" family="Hystrignathidae" genus="Lubanema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lubanema" order="Rhabditida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Lubanema</taxonomicName>
gen. n. by having a didelphic-amphidelphic genital tract and the annule of the cervical cuticle retrorse, with posterior prolongations forming a double row of spines laterally situated.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="type host">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Type host.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Passalidae" genus="Didimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Didimus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Didimus</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Coleoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coleoptera" order="Malvales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName family="Passalidae" lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="family">Passalidae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="site">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Site.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Hind gut, out of the caeca.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Katale, Kivu region, Democratic Republic of Congo.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Specific epithet dedicated to Prof. Dr. Wilfrieda Decraemer, from the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences. In appreciation for her help and support during the current research.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.68.61819" ID-GBIF-Dataset="14903b53-e0b4-4811-a2c8-5b33259d4dac" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180747510" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-1324-1-139" ID-Pensoft-UUID="E1E84741BB015E3F8CAA951132B9D9CD" ID-ZooBank="28566A431E6649C4BF8EF422762C3328" ModsDocID="1860-1324-1-139" checkinTime="1616886889877" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Mey, Wolfram &amp; Malicky, Hans" docDate="2021" docId="CDD9AE3514135196AD3F06CD4210AF64" docLanguage="en" docName="DeutEntomolZeit 68(1): 139-164" docOrigin="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 68 (1)" docPubDate="2021-03-26" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.68.61819" docTitle="Hydropsyche ditalon Tian &amp; Li 1982" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="E1E84741BB015E3F8CAA951132B9D9CD" lastPageNumber="139" masterDocId="E1E84741BB015E3F8CAA951132B9D9CD" masterDocTitle="Records and descriptions of caddisflies from Natma Taung National Park and adjacent localities in the Chin Hills of Myanmar (Insecta, Trichoptera)" masterLastPageNumber="164" masterPageNumber="139" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" updateTime="1643428302019" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Records and descriptions of caddisflies from Natma Taung National Park and adjacent localities in the Chin Hills of Myanmar (Insecta, Trichoptera)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Mey, Wolfram</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Museum fuer Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute of Evolution and Biodiversity Research, Invalidenstr. 43, D - 10115 Berlin, Germany</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">wolfram.mey@gmx.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Malicky, Hans</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Sonnengasse 13, A - 3293 Lunz am See, Austria</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-03-26</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>68</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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<mods:start>139</mods:start>
<mods:end>164</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.68.61819</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.68.61819</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1860-1324-1-139</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">28566A431E6649C4BF8EF422762C3328</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">E1E84741BB015E3F8CAA951132B9D9CD</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="180747510" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CDD9AE3514135196AD3F06CD4210AF64" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CDD9AE3514135196AD3F06CD4210AF64" lastPageNumber="139" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
<taxonomicName LSID="CDD9AE35-1413-5196-AD3F-06CD4210AF64" authority="Tian &amp; Li, 1982" authorityName="Tian &amp; Li" authorityYear="1982" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Hydropsyche" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hydropsyche ditalon" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ditalon">Hydropsyche ditalon Tian &amp; Li, 1982</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="139" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3061447308" collectingDate="2002-10-03" collectingDateMax="2002-10-05" collectingDateMin="2002-10-03" collectorName="W. Mey" elevation="2060" location="Mt. Victoria" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="4">
<specimenCount type="male">4 ♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, Myohaung Camp,
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.06" unit="m" value="2060.0">
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.06" unit="m" value="2060.0">2060 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
,
<collectingDate value="2002-10-03" valueMax="2002-10-05" valueMin="2002-10-03">3-5.x.2002</collectingDate>
, LF, area of
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CDD9AE3514135196AD3F06CD4210AF64:8E655D7A965DEE01E01E237AE2F354A1" name="Mt. Victoria">Mt. Victoria</location>
, leg.
<collectorName>W. Mey</collectorName>
, (pinned)
</materialsCitation>
;
<specimenCount type="male">3 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2874752" unit="mi" value="8.0">8 miles</quantity>
camp,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" unit="m" value="2500.0">2500 m</quantity>
a.s.l.,
<date value="2002-10-06" valueMax="2002-10-08" valueMin="2002-10-06">6-8.x.2002</date>
, LF, leg. W. Mey,
<specimenCount type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
genitalia in glycerine vial (pinned).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="139" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="139">The range of the species extends from eastern Tibet, north-east India, Yunnan to Myanmar. The occurrence in the Chin Hills is the southernmost record suggests an uninterrupted occurrence along the north-south stretching mountain ranges connecting the Chin Hills with the eastern Himalayas.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>