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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.471.6558" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b8347159-0e7f-4951-9212-5a3bc41ceb15" ID-PMC="PMC4304016" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-471-1" ID-PubMed="25632245" ID-ZBK="9068F500995E4D1893A4A79ECB9A4ABB" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-471-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 471" ModsDocTitle="Annotated type catalogue of the Chrysididae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) deposited in the collection of Maximilian Spinola (1780–1857), Turin" checkinTime="1451244849908" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Rosa, Paolo &amp; Xu, Zai-fu" docDate="2015" docId="CDC92FB0C647C0BD48C40FED8581C19D" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 471: 1-96" docOrigin="ZooKeys 471" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.471.6558" docTitle="Chrysis distinguenda Dahlbom 1854" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="15" masterDocId="FF692F5EFFC5FFDDFFE1FFC7FFFF7D1B" masterDocTitle="Annotated type catalogue of the Chrysididae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) deposited in the collection of Maximilian Spinola (1780 - 1857), Turin" masterLastPageNumber="96" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="14" updateTime="1668159800154" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Annotated type catalogue of the Chrysididae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) deposited in the collection of Maximilian Spinola (1780 - 1857), Turin</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Rosa, Paolo</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Xu, Zai-fu</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>471</mods:number>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152057616" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CDC92FB0C647C0BD48C40FED8581C19D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CDC92FB0C647C0BD48C40FED8581C19D" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="multiple">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Chrysididae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName authority="Dahlbom, 1854" authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1854" class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis distinguenda" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinguenda">Chrysis distinguenda Dahlbom, 1854</taxonomicName>
Plate 8
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis distinguenda" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinguenda">
<pageBreakToken pageId="14" pageNumber="15" start="start">Chrysis</pageBreakToken>
distinguenda
</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Dahlbom, AG" journalOrPublisher="Nicolai, Berlin" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" title="Hymenoptera Europaea praecipue Borealia, formis typicis nonnullis, specierum generumve exoticorum propter nexum systematicum associatis, per familias, genera, species et varietates disposita atque descripta ab Adrea Gustavo Dahlbom. Chrysis in sensu Linneano" year="1854">Dahlbom 1854</bibRefCitation>
: 282 nec Spinola, 1838.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="material">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Lectotype (here designated) ♀.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis distinguenda" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinguenda">Chrysis distinguenda</taxonomicName>
, Spin.; Sicile et Toscane.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Paralectotypes 3 ♀♀. idem.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Catalogue Casolari &amp; Casolari Moreno.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis distinguenda" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinguenda">Chrysis distinguenda</taxonomicName>
, 1, 204/96, 0, 4 e 0, 96, 85, 3 (box 51).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Paralectotype 1 ♀.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis distinguenda" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinguenda">Chrysis distinguenda</taxonomicName>
, 1 ♀ aut potius
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis ignita" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ignita">Chrysis ignita</taxonomicName>
, var. a?; D. de Sanvitali. Toscana.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Catalogue Casolari &amp; Casolari Moreno.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis distinguenda" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinguenda">Chrysis distinguenda</taxonomicName>
0, 96, 85, 3 (box 51).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<bibRefCitation author="Dahlbom, AG" journalOrPublisher="Nicolai, Berlin" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" title="Hymenoptera Europaea praecipue Borealia, formis typicis nonnullis, specierum generumve exoticorum propter nexum systematicum associatis, per familias, genera, species et varietates disposita atque descripta ab Adrea Gustavo Dahlbom. Chrysis in sensu Linneano" year="1854">Dahlbom (1854</bibRefCitation>
: 282) described
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis distinguenda" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinguenda">Chrysis distinguenda</taxonomicName>
Dahlbom (nec Spinola, 1838) based on a unspecified number of specimens housed in the Spinola collection. He knew that Spinola did not include these specimens in his description of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis distinguenda" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinguenda">Chrysis distinguenda</taxonomicName>
Spinola, 1838. In fact, Dahlbom explicitely wrote: &quot;
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis distinguenda" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinguenda">Chrysis distinguenda</taxonomicName>
Mus. Spinolae (non Annales Entomol. 1838. 450: VII, quae species est toto corpore cyaneo-viridis)&quot;.
<bibRefCitation author="Dahlbom, AG" journalOrPublisher="Nicolai, Berlin" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" title="Hymenoptera Europaea praecipue Borealia, formis typicis nonnullis, specierum generumve exoticorum propter nexum systematicum associatis, per familias, genera, species et varietates disposita atque descripta ab Adrea Gustavo Dahlbom. Chrysis in sensu Linneano" year="1854">Dahlbom (1854)</bibRefCitation>
gave a new accurate description of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis distinguenda" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinguenda">Chrysis distinguenda</taxonomicName>
Dahlbom, more than two pages with some drawings.
<bibRefCitation author="Mocsary, A" journalOrPublisher="Budapest" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" title="Topographia medicina et physica regionis Budapestinensis" year="1879">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mocsáry">Mocsary</normalizedToken>
(1879
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Mocsary, A" journalOrPublisher="Hungarian Academy of Science, Budapest" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" title="Monographia ChrysididarumOrbis Terrarum Universi." year="1889">1889</bibRefCitation>
) realized that
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis distinguenda" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinguenda">Chrysis distinguenda</taxonomicName>
Dahlbom a synonym of
<taxonomicName lsidName="comparata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species" species="comparata">comparata</taxonomicName>
sensu auctorum, and that
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis distinguenda" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinguenda">Chrysis distinguenda</taxonomicName>
Spinola most likely represented a separate and unknown species, the type of which apparently has been lost.
<bibRefCitation author="Mocsary, A" journalOrPublisher="Budapest" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" title="Topographia medicina et physica regionis Budapestinensis" year="1879">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mocsáry">Mocsary</normalizedToken>
(1879)
</bibRefCitation>
replaced the name
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis distinguenda" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinguenda">Chrysis distinguenda</taxonomicName>
Dahlbom, 1854 (nec Spinola, 1838) with
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis chevrieri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chevrieri">Chrysis chevrieri</taxonomicName>
nec Abeille, 1879. Finally,
<bibRefCitation pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Linsenmaier (1999</bibRefCitation>
: 221) considered
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis distinguenda" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinguenda">Chrysis distinguenda</taxonomicName>
Spinola as a separate species belonging to the
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis ignita" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ignita">Chrysis ignita</taxonomicName>
group, although he seemingly never studied type specimens in
<normalizedToken originalValue="Spinola’s">Spinola's</normalizedToken>
collection.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
We consider five specimens in the Spinola collection as syntypes of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis distinguenda" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinguenda">Chrysis distinguenda</taxonomicName>
Dahlbom, 1854. In box 51, there are two main labels bearing the name
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis distinguenda" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinguenda">Chrysis distinguenda</taxonomicName>
. Under the second label, there are three specimens: the last two are males of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis comta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comta">Chrysis comta</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Förster">Foerster</normalizedToken>
, 1853 and are likely the specimens listed by Spinola as
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis ignita" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ignita">Chrysis ignita</taxonomicName>
var. a on the label. We select one female syntype of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis distinguenda" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinguenda">Chrysis distinguenda</taxonomicName>
Dahlbom as neotype of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis comparata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comparata">Chrysis comparata</taxonomicName>
Lepeletier (Plate 8) (labels: Sicile et Toscane / Lectotype ♀
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis distinguenda" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinguenda">Chrysis distinguenda</taxonomicName>
Dhlb. P. Rosa des. 2012 / Neotypus
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis comparata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comparata">Chrysis comparata</taxonomicName>
Lepeletier des. P. Rosa 2013). For further notes see remarks under
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis comparata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comparata">Chrysis comparata</taxonomicName>
Lepeletier. The type of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis distinguenda" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinguenda">Chrysis distinguenda</taxonomicName>
Spinola, 1838 is currently lost (see the chapter II Types not housed in the Spinola collection).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="current status">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Current status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis comparata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comparata">Chrysis comparata</taxonomicName>
Lepeletier, 1806 (synonymised by
<bibRefCitation author="Trautmann, W" journalOrPublisher="Uschman, Weimar" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" title="Die Goldwespen Europas." year="1927">Trautmann 1927</bibRefCitation>
: 154).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:affiliation>University of Idaho, Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, 875 Perimeter Drive, MS 2329, Moscow, Idaho, 83844 - 2329, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Holotype</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Solomon Islands • ♂; Guadalcanal, forest;
<geoCoordinate degrees="9.4053" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-9.4053">-9.4053</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="159.8664" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="159.8664">159.8664</geoCoordinate>
; 139 m; 4-16 Apr. 2018; L. Leblanc, F. Tsatsia leg.; zingerone baited trap FFSo021. Deposited in UHIM.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Paratypes</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
28 males. Solomon Islands • 1 ♂ Guadalcanal, forest;
<geoCoordinate degrees="9.4041" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-9.4041">-9.4041</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="159.8628" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="159.8628">159.8628</geoCoordinate>
; 153 m; 4-16 Apr. 2018; L. Leblanc, F. Tsatsia leg.; zingerone baited trap FFSo011 • 2 ♂; same locality and date as for preceding;
<geoCoordinate degrees="9.4064" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-9.4064">-9.4064</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="159.8644" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="159.8644">159.8644</geoCoordinate>
; 167 m; trap FFSo14 • 1 ♂; same locality and date as for preceding;
<geoCoordinate degrees="9.4067" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-9.4067">-9.4067</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="159.8647" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="159.8647">159.8647</geoCoordinate>
; 167 m; trap FFSo015 • 1 ♂; same locality and date as for preceding;
<geoCoordinate degrees="9.4069" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-9.4069">-9.4069</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="159.8664" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="159.8664">159.8664</geoCoordinate>
; 153 m; trap FFSo017 • 1 ♂; same locality and date as for preceding;
<geoCoordinate degrees="9.4059" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-9.4059">-9.4059</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="159.8672" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="159.8672">159.8672</geoCoordinate>
; 133 m; trap FFSo019 • 2 ♂; same locality and date as for preceding;
<geoCoordinate degrees="9.4035" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-9.4035">-9.4035</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="159.8681" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="159.8681">159.8681</geoCoordinate>
; 85 m; trap FFSo026; molecular voucher UHIM.ms08671 • 1 ♂; Kolombangara, forest;
<geoCoordinate degrees="8.0312" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-8.0312">-8.0312</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="157.1160" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="157.116">157.1160</geoCoordinate>
; 348 m; 9-13 Apr. 2018; L. Leblanc, F. Tsatsia leg.; zingerone baited trap FFSo053 • 3 ♂; same locality and date as for preceding;
<geoCoordinate degrees="8.0297" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-8.0297">-8.0297</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="157.1166" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="157.1166">157.1166</geoCoordinate>
; 403 m; trap FFSo055 • 1 ♂; same locality and date as for preceding;
<geoCoordinate degrees="8.0283" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-8.0283">-8.0283</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="157.1159" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="157.1159">157.1159</geoCoordinate>
; 426 m; trap FFSo056 • 3 ♂; same locality and date as for preceding;
<geoCoordinate degrees="8.0218" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-8.0218">-8.0218</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="157.1150" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="157.115">157.1150</geoCoordinate>
; 491 m; trap FFSo062 • 2 ♂; same locality and date as for preceding;
<geoCoordinate degrees="8.0200" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-8.02">-8.0200</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="157.1143" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="157.1143">157.1143</geoCoordinate>
; 508 m; trap FFSo063 • 2 ♂; same locality and date as for preceding;
<geoCoordinate degrees="8.0190" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-8.019">-8.0190</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="157.1133" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="157.1133">157.1133</geoCoordinate>
; 520 m; trap FFSo064 • 1 ♂; same locality and date as for preceding;
<geoCoordinate degrees="8.0181" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-8.0181">-8.0181</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="157.1129" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="157.1129">157.1129</geoCoordinate>
; 518 m; trap FFSo065 • 1 ♂; same locality and date as for preceding;
<geoCoordinate degrees="8.0181" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-8.0181">-8.0181</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="157.1134" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="157.1134">157.1134</geoCoordinate>
; 526 m; trap FFSo066 • 1 ♂; same locality and date as for preceding;
<geoCoordinate degrees="8.0157" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-8.0157">-8.0157</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="157.1118" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="157.1118">157.1118</geoCoordinate>
; 506 m; trap FFSo067 • 1 ♂; same locality and date as for preceding;
<geoCoordinate degrees="8.0150" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-8.015">-8.0150</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="157.1143" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="157.1143">157.1143</geoCoordinate>
; 523 m; trap FFSo068 • 1 ♂; same locality and date as for preceding;
<geoCoordinate degrees="8.0327" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-8.0327">-8.0327</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="157.1159" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="157.1159">157.1159</geoCoordinate>
; 333 m; trap FFSo070 • 2 ♂; same locality and date as for preceding;
<geoCoordinate degrees="8.0356" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-8.0356">-8.0356</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="157.1193" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="157.1193">157.1193</geoCoordinate>
; 352 m; trap FFSo077 • 1 ♂; same locality and date as for preceding;
<geoCoordinate degrees="8.0357" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-8.0357">-8.0357</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="157.1200" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="157.12">157.1200</geoCoordinate>
; 352 m; trap FFSo078. Fifteen of the paratypes are deposited at UHIM, seven at WFBM, four at USNM, and two at BSI.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="differential diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
The broad orange-brown medial marking on the scutum uniquely defines
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leblanc &amp; Doorenweerd" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bactrocera tsatsiai" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tsatsiai">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Bactrocera tsatsiai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
within the genus, where all other species have either a yellow mark or no mark.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="molecular diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Molecular diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
We obtained two COI sequences that are most similar to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tsuruta &amp; White" authorityYear="2001" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bactrocera hantanae" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hantanae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Bactrocera hantanae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Tsuruta &amp; White but at 10.79% pairwise distance.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Description of adult.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
Male.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Head</emphasis>
</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Bactrocera tsatsiai sp. nov. A head B head and scutum C-G abdomen variants H male genitalia I wing." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1057.68375.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/581776" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">14A</figureCitation>
). Height 2.00
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.09 (SD) (1.87-2.13) mm. Frons, of even width, 0.99
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.04 (0.93-1.07) mm long and 1.56
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.06 (1.47-1.63) times as long as broad; fulvous with red-brown microtrichia on anteromedial hump; three pairs of black frontal setae present; lunule yellow. Ocellar triangle black. Vertex fuscous with two pairs of black vertical setae. Face fulvous with a pair of large oval black spots in antennal furrows; length 0.60
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.04 (0.53-0.67) mm. Gena fulvous, with small dark fuscous subocular spot and a black seta. Occiput fulvous; a row of 6-9 black postocular setae present behind eye. Antenna with scape and pedicel fulvous and flagellum fuscous with fulvous on inner surface; a strong black dorsal seta on pedicel; arista fulvous basally and black distally; length of segments: 0.25
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.03 (0.20-0.30) mm; 0.32
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.03 (0.27-0.37) mm; 0.87
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.05 (0.80-0.93) mm.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1057.68375.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/581776" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" start="Figure 14" startId="F14">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Figure 14.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leblanc &amp; Doorenweerd" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bactrocera tsatsiai" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tsatsiai">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Bactrocera tsatsiai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A</emphasis>
head
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">B</emphasis>
head and scutum
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C-G</emphasis>
abdomen variants
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">H</emphasis>
male genitalia
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">I</emphasis>
wing.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Thorax</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Bactrocera tsatsiai sp. nov. A head B head and scutum C-G abdomen variants H male genitalia I wing." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1057.68375.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/581776" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">14B</figureCitation>
). Scutum dark fuscous with orange-brown ventral to and narrowly anterior to lateral postsutural vitta, narrowly englobing notopleural suture, between postpronotal lobe and notopleuron, and as a medial band starting before notopleural suture and enlarged posteriorly to cover entire posterior margin region of scutum. Pleural areas black except orange-brown anepisternum and proepisternum. Yellow markings: postpronotal lobe (or may be anteriorly to entirely orange-brown), notopleuron; moderately broad paired parallel-sided lateral postsutural vitta ending at intra-alar seta posteriorly; moderately broad anepisternal stripe with anterior margin slightly convex, reaching to mid distance between anterior and posterior notopleural setae dorsally; a small transverse spot on katepisternum below the anepisternal stripe; anterior
<normalizedToken originalValue="¾">3/4</normalizedToken>
of anatergite and katatergite (posteriorly black). Mediotergite black. Scutellum orange-brown, and yellow ventrally and narrowly on dorsolateral surface. Setae: 1 pair scutellar; 1 pair prescutellar acrostichal; 1 pair intra-alar; 1 pair postalar; 1 pair postsutural supra-alar; 1 pair anepisternal; 2 pairs notopleural; 2 pairs scapular; all setae well developed and black.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Legs</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Bactrocera tsatsiai sp. nov. lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1057.68375.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/581777" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">15</figureCitation>
). All legs entirely fulvous with hind femur and fore tarsomeres II-IV fuscous. Fore femur with a row of long pale dorsal setae. Mid-tibia with an apical black spur.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1057.68375.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/581777" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" start="Figure 15" startId="F15">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Figure 15.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leblanc &amp; Doorenweerd" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bactrocera tsatsiai" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tsatsiai">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Bactrocera tsatsiai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Wing</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Bactrocera tsatsiai sp. nov. A head B head and scutum C-G abdomen variants H male genitalia I wing." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1057.68375.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/581776" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">14I</figureCitation>
). Length 7.1
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.3 (6.6-7.5) mm; basal costal and costal cells fuscous with microtrichia in posterodistal corner of costal cell; light fuscous costal band confluent with R2+3, not expanded at apex and ending mid distance between apex of R4+5 and medial vein, a diffuse broad fuscous cross band along r-m crossvein, continuing in straight line through discal medial (dm) cell and reaching wing margin at level of CuA1, and a broad fuscous anal streak; remainder of wing hyaline; dense aggregation of microtrichia around A1 + CuA2; supernumerary lobe moderately developed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Abdomen</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Bactrocera tsatsiai sp. nov. A head B head and scutum C-G abdomen variants H male genitalia I wing." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1057.68375.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/581776" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">14C-H</figureCitation>
). Oval with tergites not fused; pecten present on tergite III; posterior lobe of surstylus short; abdominal sternite V with a deep concavity on posterior margin. Base of syntergite I+II wider than long. Syntergite I+II with tergite I black and tergite II orange-brown with or without a small basal black triangular and two small sublateral black markings. Tergites III-V orange-brown with broad medial longitudinal black stripe reaching apex of tergite V and extended apically along entire lateral margins of tergite V, and two broad sublateral stripes covering tergite III (may be interrupted on that tergite) and continuing on tergite IV and along lateral margins on tergite V. Dark marking variable and may cover almost all of tergites III-V (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Bactrocera tsatsiai sp. nov. A head B head and scutum C-G abdomen variants H male genitalia I wing." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1057.68375.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/581776" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">14C-G</figureCitation>
). Ceromata on tergite V dark fuscous. Abdominal sternites fulvous.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Female.</emphasis>
Unknown
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="male attractant">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Male attractant.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Zingerone.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
The epithet
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leblanc &amp; Doorenweerd" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bactrocera tsatsiai" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tsatsiai">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Bactrocera tsatsiai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a noun in genitive case, referring to the personal name Francis Tsatsia, a long-time colleague, friend, co-author of the present publication, and currently the director of Biosecurity Solomon Islands.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leblanc &amp; Doorenweerd" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bactrocera tsatsiai" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tsatsiai">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Bactrocera tsatsiai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was included as
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="B." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="B." order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">B.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spnSol05 in
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.23.394510" author="Doorenweerd, C" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" refId="B7" refString="Doorenweerd, C, Jose, MS, Leblanc, L, Barr, N, Geib, S, Chung, AYC, Dupuis, J, Ekayanti, A, Fiegalan, ER, Hemachandra, KS, Chia-lung, MAH, 2020. DNA barcodes and reliable molecular identifications in a diverse group of invasive pests: lessons from Bactrocera fruit flies on variation across the COI gene, introgression, and standardization. bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.23.394510" title="DNA barcodes and reliable molecular identifications in a diverse group of invasive pests: lessons from Bactrocera fruit flies on variation across the COI gene, introgression, and standardization. bioRxiv." url="https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.23.394510" year="2020">Doorenweerd et al. (2020)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

64
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Hacker &amp; Varga, 1990, Esperiana 1: 340, pl. E, fig. 16. Type-locality: Pakistan, Karakoram Mts, Kunjerab pass, 3600 m. Holotype: male, in coll. L. Weigert (Griesbach im Rottal).
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<taxonomicName id="1C360D383F63EC4F94EA93A1A2CBA3C7" ID-CoL="5RHZ" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:50FF7E9C-72DE-4852-A9B0-75171AFEB327" family="Bythitidae" genus="Microbrotula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microbrotula Gosline 1953:218" order="Ophidiiformes" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Microbrotula Gosline</taxonomicName>
, 1953
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<taxonomicName id="8394E5A50641BBF360FD04DD25979CD1" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:50FF7E9C-72DE-4852-A9B0-75171AFEB327" family="Bythitidae" genus="Microbrotula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microbrotula Gosline 1953:218" order="Ophidiiformes" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Microbrotula Gosline</taxonomicName>
, 1953: 218 (type species:
<taxonomicName id="C77DE738B6C9D79EA76D652F5332457D" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3662C4A7-C2F3-4148-A660-D8573C286A49" family="Bythitidae" genus="Microbrotula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microbrotula rubra Gosline 1953:219" order="Ophidiiformes" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubra">Microbrotula rubra Gosline</taxonomicName>
, 1953, by original designation). Cohen and Wourms, 1976: 81 (new diagnosis). Cohen and Nielsen, 1978: 48 (diagnosis; mention of undescribed species). Nielsen and Cohen, 1999: 106 (diagnosis, key).
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Included species.
<taxonomicName id="C380A229AC3F1054AB85AAF7F4653BA5" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:50FF7E9C-72DE-4852-A9B0-75171AFEB327" family="Bythitidae" genus="Microbrotula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microbrotula Gosline 1953:218" order="Ophidiiformes" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Microbrotula</taxonomicName>
comprises five species,
<taxonomicName id="EF51A29A5D0CBC87F0744C4B7EB15B1A" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DC91DAF6-1D7B-40C6-A759-DF0254E15067" family="Bythitidae" genus="Microbrotula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microbrotula bentleyi Anderson 2005:36" order="Ophidiiformes" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bentleyi">M. bentleyi</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6F3D2A7C83BBF8F26B395DD9294AAA2F" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="F7CE7397865C8497EC75D1E627FB9F8A" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:58194D2A-C6C8-4930-AD32-58F30D23DD4F" family="Bythitidae" genus="Microbrotula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microbrotula polyactis Anderson 2005:38" order="Ophidiiformes" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polyactis">M. polyactis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F878ABA975605E350A2FA6DBFB4D436F" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="2A22AB3C31F73D13E29BA12C8D4D8AC7" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6FE91DEC-D9D5-4D87-BBFA-9A00A6CD0D7D" family="Bythitidae" genus="Microbrotula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microbrotula queenslandica Anderson 2005:40" order="Ophidiiformes" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="queenslandica">M. queenslandica</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0C7042DA2B76227F622B841C41CDBB43" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="8AD07FA57CBC74E165DC4A68E33169AF" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:987849EC-C385-4058-BB54-E7B9CD3E32FB" family="Bythitidae" genus="Microbrotula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microbrotula randalli Cohen &amp; Wourms 1976:82" order="Ophidiiformes" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="randalli">M. randalli</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="424E885772A0557E52CA1FD994BBE35C" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3662C4A7-C2F3-4148-A660-D8573C286A49" family="Bythitidae" genus="Microbrotula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microbrotula rubra Gosline 1953:219" order="Ophidiiformes" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubra">M. rubra</taxonomicName>
.
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Diagnosis. The genus is distinguished from all other Bythitinae as defined by Cohen and Nielsen (1978) by the following combination of characters: Dwarf species reaching only 45 mm SL (
<taxonomicName id="DDE31C84251C22AE84AA86141E9BEB2C" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3662C4A7-C2F3-4148-A660-D8573C286A49" family="Bythitidae" genus="Microbrotula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microbrotula rubra Gosline 1953:219" order="Ophidiiformes" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubra">M. rubra</taxonomicName>
). Body relatively short, head length 25.7-29.2% SL. Vertebrae 11-13 + 33-44 = 44-56. Dorsal fin retrograde, its origin above vertebrae 7-11, anal-fin origin beneath vertebrae 14-17. Neural spines of vertebrae 4-8 depressed; spine of first vertebra much reduced. Eye small, 6.5-17.5% HL. Anterior nostril with slight tube, located just above upper lip. Rear portion of maxilla ensheathed in
<taxonomicName id="E7493836E2B8C2CE4066C71A2C216FD5" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DC91DAF6-1D7B-40C6-A759-DF0254E15067" family="Bythitidae" genus="Microbrotula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microbrotula bentleyi Anderson 2005:36" order="Ophidiiformes" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bentleyi">M. bentleyi</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="32A60124B867EA2170BD2CA97FCB2671" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:58194D2A-C6C8-4930-AD32-58F30D23DD4F" family="Bythitidae" genus="Microbrotula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microbrotula polyactis Anderson 2005:38" order="Ophidiiformes" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polyactis">M. polyactis</taxonomicName>
, free in remaining species, and with small, ventrally-directed projection at lower rear corner. Tongue with short, anterior projection, rounded at tip. Vomerine teeth in two small patches; palatine teeth viliform, in single row. Opercular spine strong, usually imbedded. Developed gill rakers 2-4, with tiny denticles on outer surface. Branchiostegal rays 7. Scales very small, imbricated, present on top of head and cheeks in adults. Lateral line mediolateral, of tiny papillae. Pectoral-fin rays 9-17, set on short peduncle that is higher than long. Pelvic fin of a single ray, its length growth-related but reaching almost to anus in adults. Caudal-fin rays 4-6 except in
<taxonomicName id="F9DEEC2C8C7A15840F9FB15F954DA38E" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:58194D2A-C6C8-4930-AD32-58F30D23DD4F" family="Bythitidae" genus="Microbrotula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microbrotula polyactis Anderson 2005:38" order="Ophidiiformes" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polyactis">M. polyactis</taxonomicName>
which has 7-8 rays. Male intromittent organ simple, without ossified or sclerified parts (pseudoclasper).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="266AF15CE85ECFBA4D94DBE57C346AC3" pageNumber="35">
Key to the species of
<taxonomicName id="542238508DBC9C5514BD88052A5B7D05" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:50FF7E9C-72DE-4852-A9B0-75171AFEB327" family="Bythitidae" genus="Microbrotula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microbrotula Gosline 1953:218" order="Ophidiiformes" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Microbrotula</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8CAA285D08BF523581D147FAE54690A7" pageNumber="35">1 Pectoral-fin rays 9-11 ................................................................................................... 2</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B1583A5B70C913EEA97A1945438BAEB" pageNumber="35">- Pectoral-fin rays 13-17 ................................................................................................. 3</paragraph>
<paragraph id="49AB1C328082830FCEA36FD80D2ECBCE" pageNumber="35">
2 Five head pores at interorbital area; predorsal length 40.0-47.6% SL (dorsal-fin origin directly above vertebrae 10-11); prepelvic length 19.9-22.2% SL; distance symphysis of cleithra to pelvic fin insertion 10.7-14.8% HL; lateral scale rows 63-66; anal-fin rays 71-76; total vertebrae 52-56 .................................................................
<taxonomicName id="34AD690AA5D9D6138664032721E13353" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:987849EC-C385-4058-BB54-E7B9CD3E32FB" family="Bythitidae" genus="Microbrotula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microbrotula randalli Cohen &amp; Wourms 1976:82" order="Ophidiiformes" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="randalli">M. randalli</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DBE3C1A5B646E13C0569D0423047FFEB" pageNumber="35">
- No head pores; predorsal length 34.6% SL (dorsal-fin origin above vertebra 7); prepelvic length 23.4-24.6% SL; distance symphysis of cleithra to pelvic fin insertion 26.2- 28.2% HL; lateral scale rows 56-57; anal-fin rays 62-64; total vertebrae 48-49 ......... ............................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="5BE7A0C57521615708FA2F37DFA386FD" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6FE91DEC-D9D5-4D87-BBFA-9A00A6CD0D7D" family="Bythitidae" genus="Microbrotula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microbrotula queenslandica Anderson 2005:40" order="Ophidiiformes" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="queenslandica">M. queenslandica</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F83C8FB2B893810D4BE6EB2CF30C8899" pageNumber="35">3 Pectoral-fin rays 13-14; caudal-fin rays 4-6; lateral scale rows 54-ca.60; orbit diameter6.5-13.9% HL ......................................................................................................... 4</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9F229ADB8A461C86989EA4185A84DF4B" pageNumber="35">
- Pectoral-fin rays 16-17; caudal-fin rays 7-8; lateral scale rows 47-50; orbit diameter 16.0-18.7% HL .........................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="502E70DF131371AED2914356EB8A0D15" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:58194D2A-C6C8-4930-AD32-58F30D23DD4F" family="Bythitidae" genus="Microbrotula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microbrotula polyactis Anderson 2005:38" order="Ophidiiformes" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polyactis">M. polyactis</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9EAE8CF11AC1AE1F4FD00422AA343689" pageNumber="35">
4 Vertebrae 11 + 40-41; dorsal-fin rays 81-92; anal-fin rays 72-80; predorsal length 43.5-47.6% SL; orbit diameter 6.5-9.1% HL; fleshy interorbital width 23.8-27.8% HL; lateral scale rows ca. 60 ...........................................................................
<taxonomicName id="C8C70DA824BC0BAD1BECD0F5CBD15D08" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3662C4A7-C2F3-4148-A660-D8573C286A49" family="Bythitidae" genus="Microbrotula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microbrotula rubra Gosline 1953:219" order="Ophidiiformes" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubra">M. rubra</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1C60192F72D56C9DFD25F6CCDC03E929" pageNumber="35">
- Vertebrae 11 + 33-35; dorsal-fin rays 65-71; anal-fin rays 55-59; predorsal length 36.5-41.3% SL; orbit diameter 10.9-13.9% HL; fleshy interorbital width 16.8-19.8% HL; lateral scale rows 54-55 ........................................................................
<taxonomicName id="A2C8EFD97707A87654D16F4EAD69D641" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DC91DAF6-1D7B-40C6-A759-DF0254E15067" family="Bythitidae" genus="Microbrotula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microbrotula bentleyi Anderson 2005:36" order="Ophidiiformes" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bentleyi">M. bentleyi</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>