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<document id="6A3D84DAF0B342FBE6EBD6B4DBA9B4A9" ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1e2bcc49-86c8-4612-a4eb-d9bdce9785ef" ModsDocAuthor="Smith, F." ModsDocDate="1858" ModsDocID="8127" ModsDocOrigin="http://antbase.org/ants/publications/8127/8127.pdf" ModsDocTitle="Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae." checkinTime="1252707217356" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Smith, F." docDate="1858" docId="CDB513440CDB298E102C206CDA65A45F" docLanguage="en" docName="8127.xml" docOrigin="London: British Museum" docSource="http://antbase.org/ants/publications/8127/8127.pdf" docTitle="Pseudomyrma maculata" docType="treatment" docVersion="17" lastPageNumber="154" masterDocId="913D7CCA2C271185BA478FF390B73E80" masterDocTitle="Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae." pageNumber="154" updateTime="1701312656745" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="4E65349FBB9E0E1C1AFD73220EF0C90D">Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae.</mods:title>
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</mods:mods>
<treatment id="CDB513440CDB298E102C206CDA65A45F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6297081" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100121259" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6297081" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CDB513440CDB298E102C206CDA65A45F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CDB513440CDB298E102C206CDA65A45F" lastPageNumber="154" pageId="154" pageNumber="154">
<subSubSection id="35E30C740C6E16D31D1940798B4AED87" pageId="154" pageNumber="154" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="80BC1F0A664E805AB49263C792E10145" pageId="154" pageNumber="154">
4.
<taxonomicName id="8EA488F8CBE3E0049DAD0C2E321765C6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:143889" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudomyrma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pseudomyrma maculata Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="154" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculata">Pseudomyrma maculata</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9CC1C88D9DBB5C74149391BEBB9A6FC5" pageId="154" pageNumber="154" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="FF50F3FAC6B2B8C3389D505314F2456C" pageId="154" pageNumber="154">
<taxonomicName id="4861237B7716C293D453427953F5D1BE" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:143889" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudomyrma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pseudomyrma maculata Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="154" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculata">Pseudomyrma maculata, Smith</taxonomicName>
, Trans. Ent. Soc. new ser. iii. 158. 4[[worker]].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="36235CE86778B06D74FB74BA0F649259" pageId="154" pageNumber="154" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="1E30DD92557B699CE7A6AC251340A4EE" pageId="154" pageNumber="154">Hab. Brazil.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A6A6829AB0ABFD8F78E0A0FDD5F536CB" pageId="154" pageNumber="154" type="description">
<paragraph id="D7BACD402A685F9089C76876CFBF3CB1" pageId="154" pageNumber="154">This species is 3 Unes long, of a ferruginous colour, with the abdomen and second node of the petiole fuscous; there is also a fuscous spot on the vertex enclosing the ocelli, and a fuscous longitudinal stripe on the metathorax; the eyes large and black, the mandibles pale testaceous.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.2.e1168" ID-PMC="PMC4152835" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828--1168" ID-PubMed="25197241" ID-ZBK="3C3EC7B09BA145848E3E89CBBD28B432" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1314-2828--e1168" ModsDocOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal " ModsDocTitle="Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Sawflies, ‘Symphyta’" checkinTime="1553126687077" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Liston, Andrew D., Knight, Guy T., Sheppard, David A., Broad, Gavin R. &amp; Livermore, Laurence" docDate="2014" docId="CDB54A2011CE6F7D29D2414B1E956E72" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 2: e1168" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 2" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.2.e1168" docTitle="Nematus (Pteronidea) fagi Zaddach 1876" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="1168" masterDocId="FF92FFAD6C5E7701E7364329D06AFFDB" masterDocTitle="Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Sawflies, ' Symphyta'" masterLastPageNumber="1168" masterPageNumber="1168" pageNumber="1168" updateTime="1668122704865" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<taxonomicName authority="Zaddach, 1876" authorityName="Zaddach" authorityYear="1876" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Nematus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nematus (Pteronidea) fagi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fagi" subGenus="Pteronidea">Nematus (Pteronidea) fagi Zaddach, 1876</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1168">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1168">England, Scotland, Wales</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<taxonomicName id="6DF50F5607B3A1EBE5BAE4B448F42876" ID-CoL="4FYJW" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33959" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole radoszkowskii Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="radoszkowskii">radoszkowskii Mayr</taxonomicName>
1884.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D58DEA93AF9E124AB61C8B0F04997E19" pageNumber="35">
Amambay,
<normalizedToken id="D941009DACC7A939BF26D583D7690D91" originalValue="Boquerón">Boqueron</normalizedToken>
,
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, Central,
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, Cordillera,
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, Misiones, Pte. Hayes, San Pedro (ALWC, INBP, LACM, MCZC). Literature records: Cordillera, “Paraguay” (s. loc.) (Emery 1896b, Forel 1906d, Forel 1909).
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</treatment>
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Woo, Sau Pinn</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Yasin, Zulfigar</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Tan, Shau Hwai</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kajihara, Hiroshi</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fujita, Toshihiko</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number>545</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.545.6415</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">A7C891350A864AE7A543DBE1E44E5263</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">A7C891350A864AE7A543DBE1E44E5263</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127899760" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:76607F6A-8FF8-4FDA-A5AD-DA0BD359381C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CDB5E02D4F66E67581C448E111C65114" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="multiple">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Taxon classification Animalia Aspidochirotida Stichopodidae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/76607F6A-8FF8-4FDA-A5AD-DA0BD359381C" authority="Woo" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus fusiformiossa" order="Synallactida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fusiformiossa">Stichopus fusiformiossa Woo</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="8" pageNumber="9">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 10, 11, 12, 13, 14
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Three specimens: Holotype, USM/MSL/PSS001, collected from Pulau Songsong (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="5.8086667">5°48'31.2&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="100.29389">100°17'38.0&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
), Kedah, Malaysia, 6m depth, on sand,
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="10" start="start">fixed</pageBreakToken>
in 99% ethanol. Paratype 1, USM/MSL/PSS002, collected from Pulau Songsong (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="5.8086667">5°48'31.2&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="100.29389">100°17'38.0&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
), Kedah, Malaysia, 8m depth, on sand, fixed in 99% ethanol. Paratype 2, USM/MSL/PP003, collected from Pulau Songsong (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="5.8086667">5°48'31.2&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="100.29389">100°17'38.0&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
), Kedah, Malaysia, 7m depth, on sand, fixed in 99% ethanol.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Straits of Malacca, Malaysia: Pulau Songsong, Kedah,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="5.8086667">05°48'31.2&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="100.29389">100°17'38.0&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, on sandy substrate adjacent to a reef area, at a depth of 6-8 m, collected by Woo SP and Zulfigar Y.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
External morphology: Body quadrangular in cross-section with slight rounded four sides. Body wall firm, rugose, and wrinkled surface; variously-sized tiny warts regularly-arranged on dorsal body (Fig. 10). Dorsal body brown in background colour, with patchy beige areas and black patches; latter usually running from anterior to posterior ends and concentrated in middle part of body, and absent in some specimens. Ventral body wall light beige background with two orange, narrow lines spreading from oral to aboral. Large dorsal papillae 0.5-1.0 cm in width at base in the holotype, but highly variable between specimens, more or less arranged in two continuous rows; smaller dorsal papillae scattered on dorsal body; colour of dorsal papillae black, with apex always white. Two rows of large (about 2 cm), white-coloured papillae aligned and arranged in straight line along ventro-lateral edges. Minute pa
<pageBreakToken pageId="10" pageNumber="11" start="start">pillae</pageBreakToken>
forming ring surrounding oral opening. Tube feet in ambulacral areas, more numerous in central ambulacral areas than in lateral ones. Two interambulacral areas very narrow, with lesser number of tube feet. Tube feet fairly long, 3-5 mm in length. All specimens examined having 20 peltate-shaped tentacles. Anus terminal.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Figure 10.
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus fusiformiossa" order="Synallactida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fusiformiossa">Stichopus fusiformiossa</taxonomicName>
sp. n.(USM/MSL/PSS001), dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Spicules: Spicules in dorsal body consisting tables and rosettes (Fig. 11
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
). Many tables in dorsal body having large base with four central perforations and mul
<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="12" start="start">tiple</pageBreakToken>
peripheral perforations; four pillars erected from base forming a spire connected by a cross beam, with spines at the tip (Fig. 11A). Some tables in dorsal body having smaller base with less peripheral perforations; pillars connected incompletely with a crossbeam, tip of spire without crown of spines (Fig. 11D). Tables in dorsal body sometimes with pillars reduced to knobs and disc with four central perforations and limited peripheral perforations (Fig. 11B). Papillae consisting large tables, reduced
<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="13" start="start">tables</pageBreakToken>
, rosettes, C-shape rods, X-shaped rods, and rods (Fig. 13
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–I">A-I</normalizedToken>
). Large tables in papillae with multiperforated base disc; four pillars forming spire connected with a crossbeam, tip of pillar very spiny (Fig. 13A). Reduced tables in papillae larger compared to
<pageBreakToken pageId="13" pageNumber="14" start="start">reduced</pageBreakToken>
tables in dorsal body (Fig. 13B). Rosettes in papillae form simple curving to extensive bifurcations at both ends (Fig. 13D); smaller rosettes more complex in bifurcations (Fig. 13G). C-shaped rods in papillae simple, some modified to S-shaped rods (Fig. 13E). X-shaped rods in papillae have bifurcate endings in each arms; some with five arms (Fig. 13H). Rods in papillae with rough surface (Fig. 13I). Spicules in tube feet mainly large rods with perforated central plate, multiperforated plates, and tables (Fig. 12
<normalizedToken originalValue="E–G">E-G</normalizedToken>
). Surface of rods in tube feet rough, covered with spinelets; numbers and sizes of perforations on central plates of tube feet vary between rods. Tables in tube feet simpler compared to tables in dorsal body and papillae; tip of pillars less spinous and forming small crowns. Spicules in the tentacles consisting of fusiform spicules and rods (Fig. 11A, B). Fusiform spicules spindle-like in shape with dense spines interconnected to each other forming some hollow spaces in between (Fig. 14B). Rods in tentacles rough, slightly curved, and densely covered with spinelets at both ends.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Figure 11. Spicules from the dorsal body wall of
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus fusiformiossa" order="Synallactida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fusiformiossa">Stichopus fusiformiossa</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (USM/MSL/PSS001). A tables with multiple perforations from the base of the dorsal body wall B reduced tables C rosettes D tables with limited number of perforations from the base of the dorsal body wall.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Figure 12. Spicules from the tube feet of
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus fusiformiossa" order="Synallactida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fusiformiossa">Stichopus fusiformiossa</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (USM/MSL/PSS001). A rods with large central perforated plates B large perforated plates C tables.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Figure 13. Spicules from papillae of
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus fusiformiossa" order="Synallactida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fusiformiossa">Stichopus fusiformiossa</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (USM/MSL/PSS001). A table with large base plates B reduced tables C tables D modified C-shaped rods E C-shaped rods F tables with smaller base plates and number of perforations G rosettes H X-shaped rods I rods.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Figure 14. Spicules from the tentacles of
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus fusiformiossa" order="Synallactida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fusiformiossa">Stichopus fusiformiossa</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (USM/MSL/PSS001). A curved rods B fusiform spicules.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
This new species looks very much like
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus horrens" order="Synallactida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="horrens">Stichopus horrens</taxonomicName>
in its body colouration. They both have similar, grey-brown background with irregular grey and black spots in colour. The live specimens of this species do not have very long papillae as observed in
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus horrens" order="Synallactida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="horrens">Stichopus horrens</taxonomicName>
reported by
<bibRefCitation author="Rowe, FWE" editor="Wells, A" journalOrPublisher="CSIRO Publishing, Clayton" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" title="Zoological Catalogue of Australia" year="1995">Rowe and Gates (1995)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation author="Massin, C" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Biologie" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="73 - 99" title="The genus Stichopus (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the Johore Marine Park (Malaysia) with the description of two new species." volume="72" year="2002">Massin et al. (2002)</bibRefCitation>
.
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus fusiformiossa" order="Synallactida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fusiformiossa">Stichopus fusiformiossa</taxonomicName>
also lacks tack-like table spicules in the papillae which are the definitive taxonomic feature for
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus horrens" order="Synallactida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="horrens">Stichopus horrens</taxonomicName>
. The prominent white and black colour of the papillae is distinctive to separate
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus fusiformiossa" order="Synallactida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fusiformiossa">Stichopus fusiformiossa</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus rubermaculosus" order="Synallactida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rubermaculosus">Stichopus rubermaculosus</taxonomicName>
with the red-coloured papillae,
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus quadrifasciatus" order="Synallactida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="quadrifasciatus">Stichopus quadrifasciatus</taxonomicName>
that has brown to red papillae tip, and from
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus chloronotus" order="Synallactida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="chloronotus">Stichopus chloronotus</taxonomicName>
with yellow-coloured papillae. Furthermore,
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus quadrifasciatus" order="Synallactida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="quadrifasciatus">Stichopus quadrifasciatus</taxonomicName>
has four transverse black-grey bands on the dorsal body wall, which are not seen in
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus fusiformiossa" order="Synallactida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fusiformiossa">Stichopus fusiformiossa</taxonomicName>
. The sporadic arrangement of papillae on the dorsal body of
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus fusiformiossa" order="Synallactida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fusiformiossa">Stichopus fusiformiossa</taxonomicName>
do not have consistent nor specific patterns as similarly observed in
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus horrens" order="Synallactida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="horrens">Stichopus horrens</taxonomicName>
in this study. However, the two rows of large, black papillae with white tip, arranged in a straight line along ventro-lateral edges are not seen in any other species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus fusiformiossa" order="Synallactida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fusiformiossa">Stichopus fusiformiossa</taxonomicName>
lacks C-shaped rods in the dorsal body, which is commonly seen in the other
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus" order="Synallactida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Stichopus</taxonomicName>
species. Reduced tables are found in the dorsal body in
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus fusiformiossa" order="Synallactida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fusiformiossa">Stichopus fusiformiossa</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus herrmanni" order="Synallactida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="herrmanni">Stichopus herrmanni</taxonomicName>
, but the former lacks rosettes and C-shaped spicules that are present in the dorsal body of
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus herrmanni" order="Synallactida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="herrmanni">Stichopus herrmanni</taxonomicName>
. The C-shaped rods in the papillae of
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus fusiformiossa" order="Synallactida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fusiformiossa">Stichopus fusiformiossa</taxonomicName>
are strongly modified and do not resemble to any spicules observed in the other
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus" order="Synallactida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Stichopus</taxonomicName>
species except the C-shaped rods of
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus chloronotus" order="Synallactida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="chloronotus">Stichopus chloronotus</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Theel, H" journalOrPublisher="Report of the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the Years 1873 - 76 (Zoology)" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 290" title="Report on the Holothurioidea dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Part 2." volume="39" year="1886">Theel 1886</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Sluiter, CP" journalOrPublisher="Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandisch-Indie, uitgegeven door de Koninklijke natuurkundige Vereeniging in Nederlandsch-Indie" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="181 - 220" title="Die Evertebraten aus der Sammlung des koeniglichen naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Niederlaendisch Indien in Batavia, zugleich eine Skizze der Fauna des Java-Meeres, mit Beschreibung der neuen Arten." volume="47" year="1887">Sluiter 1887</bibRefCitation>
; Ludwig 1887;
<bibRefCitation author="Mitsukuri, K" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 124" title="Studies on Actinopodous Holothurioidea." url="10.5962/bhl.title.37880" volume="39" year="1912">Mitsukuri 1912</bibRefCitation>
). But the colouration and arrangement of papillae easily separate
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus fusiformiossa" order="Synallactida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fusiformiossa">Stichopus fusiformiossa</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus chloronotus" order="Synallactida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="chloronotus">Stichopus chloronotus</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
The X-shaped rods in the papillae of
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus fusiformiossa" order="Synallactida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fusiformiossa">Stichopus fusiformiossa</taxonomicName>
have been only found in
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus variegatus" order="Synallactida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="variegatus">Stichopus variegatus</taxonomicName>
(now
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus herrmanni" order="Synallactida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="herrmanni">Stichopus herrmanni</taxonomicName>
) by
<bibRefCitation author="Cherbonnier, G" journalOrPublisher="Faune de Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 292" title="Echinodermes: Holothurides." volume="70" year="1988">Cherbonnier (1988)</bibRefCitation>
. The X-shaped rods of
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus variegatus" order="Synallactida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="variegatus">Stichopus variegatus</taxonomicName>
(now
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus herrmanni" order="Synallactida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="herrmanni">Stichopus herrmanni</taxonomicName>
) are derived from rosettes (
<bibRefCitation author="Cherbonnier, G" journalOrPublisher="Faune de Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 292" title="Echinodermes: Holothurides." volume="70" year="1988">Cherbonnier 1988</bibRefCitation>
). Careful examination of his drawings (
<bibRefCitation author="Cherbonnier, G" journalOrPublisher="Faune de Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 292" title="Echinodermes: Holothurides." volume="70" year="1988">Cherbonnier 1988</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 62H) suggested that X-shaped rods of
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus fusiformiossa" order="Synallactida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fusiformiossa">Stichopus fusiformiossa</taxonomicName>
were more rigid and angled compared to the curvy and slender ones of
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus variegatus" order="Synallactida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="variegatus">Stichopus variegatus</taxonomicName>
(now
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus herrmanni" order="Synallactida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="herrmanni">Stichopus herrmanni</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
The thick rods with rough surfaces seen in
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus fusiformiossa" order="Synallactida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fusiformiossa">Stichopus fusiformiossa</taxonomicName>
are commonly found in the tentacles of any other species of
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus" order="Synallactida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Stichopus</taxonomicName>
. Fusiform and spindle-liked spicules
<pageBreakToken pageId="14" pageNumber="15" start="start">instead</pageBreakToken>
are rare and only shared with
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus variegatus" order="Synallactida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="variegatus">Stichopus variegatus</taxonomicName>
(now
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus herrmanni" order="Synallactida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="herrmanni">Stichopus herrmanni</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation author="Cherbonnier, G" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Museum National d'Historie Naturelle Paris" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="187 - 189" title="Note sur Stichopusvariegatus Semper (Holothurie)." volume="2" year="1947">Cherbonnier 1947</bibRefCitation>
, fig. C). Since
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus variegatus" order="Synallactida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="variegatus">Stichopus variegatus</taxonomicName>
had been separated to either
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus herrmanni" order="Synallactida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="herrmanni">Stichopus herrmanni</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus monotuberculatus" order="Synallactida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="monotuberculatus">Stichopus monotuberculatus</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation author="Rowe, FWE" editor="Wells, A" journalOrPublisher="CSIRO Publishing, Clayton" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" title="Zoological Catalogue of Australia" year="1995">Rowe and Gates (1995)</bibRefCitation>
, the presence of fusiform and spindle-like spicules can be accorded to
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus fusiformiossa" order="Synallactida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fusiformiossa">Stichopus fusiformiossa</taxonomicName>
as a character differentiating it from both
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus herrmanni" order="Synallactida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="herrmanni">Stichopus herrmanni</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus monotuberculatus" order="Synallactida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="monotuberculatus">Stichopus monotuberculatus</taxonomicName>
because both
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus herrmanni" order="Synallactida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="herrmanni">Stichopus herrmanni</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichopus monotuberculatus" order="Synallactida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="monotuberculatus">Stichopus monotuberculatus</taxonomicName>
lack the presence of this spicule. A reexamination of specimens of
<bibRefCitation author="Cherbonnier, G" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Museum National d'Historie Naturelle Paris" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="187 - 189" title="Note sur Stichopusvariegatus Semper (Holothurie)." volume="2" year="1947">Cherbonnier (1947)</bibRefCitation>
collected from the Gulf of Oman, Madagascar, and the Red Sea are necessary to establish the correct species name of those specimens.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">The new specific name is a compound descriptive name from the combination of adjective-noun derived from the Latin words of fusiform (fusiformis) and bone (ossa). The name is nominative, neuter, and plural; referring to the distinctive fusiform and spindle-liked spicules found in the tentacles.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>