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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.6.e25295" ID-PMC="PMC5974006" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828--25295" ID-PubMed="29861653" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1314-2828--e25295" ModsDocOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal " ModsDocTitle="Checklist of Sphagnum-dwelling testate amoebae in Bulgaria" checkinTime="1553125814220" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Bankov, Nikola, Todorov, Milcho &amp; Ganeva, Anna" docDate="2018" docId="CD2D0A16E1BEDE838FE3014C6824E1EE" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 6: e25295" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 6" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.6.e25295" docTitle="Difflugia minuta Rampi 1950" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="25295" masterDocId="FFE7FFC7797FAE343944173283513F08" masterDocTitle="Checklist of Sphagnum-dwelling testate amoebae in Bulgaria" masterLastPageNumber="25295" masterPageNumber="25295" pageNumber="25295" updateTime="1668124757615" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Checklist of Sphagnum-dwelling testate amoebae in Bulgaria</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Bankov, Nikola</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Todorov, Milcho</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Ganeva, Anna</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Biodiversity Data Journal</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>6</mods:number>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CD2D0A16E1BEDE838FE3014C6824E1EE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CD2D0A16E1BEDE838FE3014C6824E1EE" lastPageNumber="25295" pageId="0" pageNumber="25295">
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<taxonomicName authority="Rampi, 1950" authorityName="Rampi" authorityYear="1950" class="Oligotrichea" family="Codonellidae" genus="Difflugia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Chromista" lsidName="Difflugia minuta" order="Tintinnida" pageId="0" pageNumber="25295" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="minuta">Difflugia minuta Rampi, 1950</taxonomicName>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25295" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25295">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25295">
Pirin Mt. (new data); Rila Mt. (
<bibRefCitation author="Todorov, M." journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica Bulgarica" pageId="0" pageNumber="25295" pagination="243 - 252" title="Testate amoebae (Protozoa, Rhizopoda) of the Ribni Ezera Glacial Lakes in the Rila Mountains (South-West Bulgaria)" volume="56" year="2004">Todorov 2004</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Todorov, M." journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica Bulgarica" pageId="0" pageNumber="25295" pagination="13 - 23" title="Testate amoebae (Protozoa, Rhizopoda) of the glacial lakes Smradlivo ezero in the Rila National Park (Southwestern Bulgaria)" volume="57" year="2005">Todorov 2005</bibRefCitation>
); Vitosha Mt. (new data).
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<mods:namePart>Lee, Yen-Chen</mods:namePart>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CD2D3DB1AE6E65DB99DEA9A67D9CF67B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CD2D3DB1AE6E65DB99DEA9A67D9CF67B" lastPageNumber="5653" pageId="0" pageNumber="5653">
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<taxonomicName authority="Kilburn 1985" authorityYear="1985" class="Gastropoda" family="Epitoniidae" genus="Epitonium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epitonium (Epitonium) sororastra" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="5653" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sororastra" subGenus="Epitonium">Epitonium (Epitonium) sororastra Kilburn 1985</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="5653" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5653">Description</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5653">White, small, with 7-9 costae that are thin, erect and continuous (Fig. 2a). The suture and umbilicus are perforated. The spaces between the costae are smooth, and the aperture is oval. Shell height 8-11mm.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="5653" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5653">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5653">This species occurs off Sri Lanka. In Taiwan, only some dead specimens were collected on the beach of Lu-tao Island. This species is a new record from the East Asian region.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="5653" type="records">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5653">Records</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5653">
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Epitoniidae" genus="Epitonium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epitonium (Epitonium) sororastra" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="5653" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sororastra" subGenus="Epitonium">Epitonium (Epitonium) sororastra</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Kilburn, R. N." journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Natal Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="5653" pagination="239 - 337" title="The family Epitoniidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in southern Africa and Mozambique" volume="27" year="1985">Kilburn 1985</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 66;
<bibRefCitation author="Weil, A." journalOrPublisher="Evolver srl, Rome" pageId="0" pageNumber="5653" title="The wentletrap book － Guide to the recent Epitoniidae of the world" year="1999">Weil et al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 137.
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</treatment>
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GENUS
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<emphasis id="77F03346AC76D94745BF88802C7F09DF" bold="true" box="[1020,1146,459,483]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1393">CHRYSOPA</emphasis>
LEACH, 1815
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<emphasis id="77F03346AC76D947456A88BF2BCE0A34" box="[809,971,500,521]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1393">Furchochrysa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="211592A5AC76D947459788BF2D420A37" author="De Freitas S &amp; Penny ND" box="[980,1351,500,522]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1393" pagination="164 - 170" refId="ref12843" refString="De Freitas S, Penny ND. 2000. Two new genera of neotropical Chrysopini (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 73: 164 - 170." type="journal article" year="2000">De Freitas &amp; Penny, 2000: 167</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<typeStatus id="9A3F51F6AC76D947431588BF2D950A34" box="[1366,1424,500,521]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1393">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="828494D7AC76D94745C88B592D8E0A15" ID-CoL="6K58Z" authority="De Freitas &amp; Penny, 2000" authorityName="De Freitas &amp; Penny" authorityYear="2000" box="[907,1419,530,552]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Furcochrysa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="1393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="allata">
<emphasis id="77F03346AC76D94745C88B592C670A1A" box="[907,1122,530,551]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1393">Furcochrysa allata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="211592A5AC76D947422A8B582D8E0A15" author="De Freitas S &amp; Penny ND" box="[1129,1419,530,552]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1393" pagination="164 - 170" refId="ref12843" refString="De Freitas S, Penny ND. 2000. Two new genera of neotropical Chrysopini (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 73: 164 - 170." type="journal article" year="2000">De Freitas &amp; Penny, 2000</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by original designation.
<emphasis id="77F03346AC76D94742788B7A2CCD0A7B" bold="true" box="[1083,1224,561,582]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1393">synon. nov.</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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Needham, 1909: 204
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Needham, 1909
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<treatment id="CD2D87C2396AFF862EF781B8C033F87F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6069553" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124329183" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6069553" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CD2D87C2396AFF862EF781B8C033F87F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CD2D87C2396AFF862EF781B8C033F87F" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="126" pageId="1" pageNumber="124">
<subSubSection id="0D9E655F396AFF842EF781B8C635FB83" pageId="1" pageNumber="124" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="453B36D4396AFF842EF781B8C62FFBAC" blockId="1.[151,541,1005,1064]" box="[151,519,1005,1031]" pageId="1" pageNumber="124">
<heading id="1E7381B8396AFF842EF781B8C62FFBAC" bold="true" box="[151,519,1005,1031]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="124" reason="1">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC6396AFF842EF781B8C62FFBAC" bold="true" box="[151,519,1005,1031]" pageId="1" pageNumber="124">
<taxonomicName id="82844D57396AFF842EF781B8C58AFBAC" box="[151,418,1005,1031]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lepidochrysops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liberti" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC6396AFF842EF781B8C58AFBAC" bold="true" box="[151,418,1005,1031]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="124">Lepidochrysops liberti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6CC357BD396AFF842FCA81B8C62FFBAC" box="[426,519,1005,1031]" pageId="1" pageNumber="124" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="453B36D4396AFF842EF78645C635FB83" blockId="1.[151,541,1005,1064]" box="[151,541,1040,1064]" pageId="1" pageNumber="124">(FIGS: 1A, B; 2A, D, C, F; 3A, 4)</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0D9E655F396AFF842EF78602C10AFAE3" pageId="1" pageNumber="124" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="453B36D4396AFF842EF78602C6EDFB13" blockId="1.[151,1437,1111,2001]" pageId="1" pageNumber="124">
<materialsCitation id="F5EC3C89396AFF842EF78602C4D6FB3E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291547716" collectorName="D PlantiCam" country="Cameroon" location="South-West" pageId="1" pageNumber="124" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="South-West" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC6396AFF842EF78602C523FBDB" bold="true" box="[151,267,1111,1136]" pageId="1" pageNumber="124">
<typeStatus id="9A3F8876396AFF842EF78602C52EFBDB" box="[151,262,1111,1136]" pageId="1" pageNumber="124" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectorName id="E8715302396AFF842F73860DC58FFBDB" box="[275,423,1111,1136]" pageId="1" pageNumber="124">Ƌ PlantiCam</collectorName>
camp, along the main tourist trail, south-western slope of Mount
<collectingCountry id="3D937644396AFF842AF6860DC126FBDB" box="[1174,1294,1112,1136]" name="Cameroon" pageId="1" pageNumber="124">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="8740F836396AFF842B7A8602C1B4FBDB" box="[1306,1436,1111,1136]" country="Cameroon" name="South-West" pageId="1" pageNumber="124">South-West</collectingRegion>
Province
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="F5EC3C89396AFF842F6A8629C6EDFB13" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291547711" collectingDate="2014-11-23" collectingDateMax="2014-12-18" collectingDateMin="2014-11-23" collectionCode="SAFI" collectorName="Tropek, R." country="Cameroon" elevation="1150" latitude="4.117" location="Safian" longLatPrecision="78" longitude="9.073" pageId="1" pageNumber="124" specimenCode="SAFI00076" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="3D937644396AFF842F6A8629C557FB3F" box="[266,383,1148,1172]" name="Cameroon" pageId="1" pageNumber="124">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
<date id="313A1014396AFF842FE68629C64AFB3F" box="[390,610,1148,1172]" pageId="1" pageNumber="124" value="2014-11-23" valueMax="2014-12-18" valueMin="2014-11-23">
<collectingDate id="217EE9FC396AFF842FE68629C64AFB3F" box="[390,610,1148,1172]" pageId="1" pageNumber="124" value="2014-11-23" valueMax="2014-12-18" valueMin="2014-11-23">23.XI–18.XII.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
. Leg.:
<location id="405B600F396AFF842CCF8629C6D2FB3E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CD2D87C2396AFF862EF781B8C033F87F:405B600F396AFF842CCF8629C6D2FB3E" box="[687,762,1148,1173]" country="Cameroon" latitude="4.117" longLatPrecision="78" longitude="9.073" name="Safian" pageId="1" pageNumber="124">Sáfián</location>
, Sz. &amp;
<collectorName id="E8715302396AFF842D2F8629C7E2FB3F" box="[847,970,1148,1173]" pageId="1" pageNumber="124">Tropek, R.</collectorName>
; Gen. prep.:
<specimenCode id="15229EAF396AFF842A3F8629C0CDFB3E" box="[1119,1253,1148,1173]" collectionCode="SAFI" pageId="1" pageNumber="124">
<collectionCode id="2395AE11396AFF842A3F8629C0B5FB3E" box="[1119,1181,1148,1173]" pageId="1" pageNumber="124">SAFI</collectionCode>
00076
</specimenCode>
. Coordinates:
<geoCoordinate id="20B05013396AFF842BE88628C4D9FB13" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="124" precision="55" value="4.117">N 04.117°</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="20B05013396AFF842E9C86F5C547FB13" box="[252,367,1184,1208]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="124" precision="55" value="9.073">E 09.073°</geoCoordinate>
, elevation:
<elevation id="CEA9D1E7396AFF842F9086F5C6EDFB13" box="[496,709,1183,1208]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="124" unit="m" value="1150.0" valueMax="1200.0" valueMin="1100.0">
<quantity id="827C9B31396AFF842F9086F5C6A2FB1C" box="[496,650,1184,1208]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="124" unit="m" value="1150.0" valueMax="1200.0" valueMin="1100.0">1100–1200 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="453B36D4396AFF842EA78691C10AFAE3" blockId="1.[151,1437,1111,2001]" pageId="1" pageNumber="124">
<materialsCitation id="F5EC3C89396AFF842EA78691C6AEFAAB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291547715" collectingDate="1966-06-01" country="Cameroon" elevation="1150" location="PlantiCam" pageId="1" pageNumber="124" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="South-West" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC6396AFF842EA78691C56EFB76" bold="true" box="[199,326,1220,1245]" pageId="1" pageNumber="124">
<typeStatus id="9A3F8876396AFF842EA78691C569FB76" box="[199,321,1220,1245]" pageId="1" pageNumber="124" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<date id="313A1014396AFF842F2E8691C58BFB77" box="[334,419,1220,1245]" pageId="1" pageNumber="124" value="1966-06-01">
<collectingDate id="217EE9FC396AFF842F2E8691C58BFB77" box="[334,419,1220,1245]" pageId="1" pageNumber="124" value="1966-06-01">
6
<emphasis id="77F0EAC6396AFF842F3C8691C5AEFB76" bold="true" box="[348,390,1220,1245]" pageId="1" pageNumber="124">66</emphasis>
, 1
</collectingDate>
</date>
<emphasis id="77F0EAC6396AFF842FC38691C590FB76" bold="true" box="[419,440,1220,1245]" pageId="1" pageNumber="124">♀</emphasis>
<location id="405B600F396AFF842FA18691C61FFB76" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CD2D87C2396AFF862EF781B8C033F87F:405B600F396AFF842FA18691C61FFB76" box="[449,567,1220,1245]" country="Cameroon" name="PlantiCam" pageId="1" pageNumber="124" stateProvince="South-West">PlantiCam</location>
camp, along the main tourist trail (
<elevation id="CEA9D1E7396AFF842DAA8691C08BFB76" box="[970,1187,1220,1245]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="124" unit="m" value="1150.0" valueMax="1200.0" valueMin="1100.0">
<quantity id="827C9B31396AFF842DAA8691C04FFB77" box="[970,1127,1220,1244]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="124" unit="m" value="1150.0" valueMax="1200.0" valueMin="1100.0">1100–1200 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
), south-western slope of Mount
<collectingCountry id="3D937644396AFF842F6D86B2C5ADFAAB" box="[269,389,1255,1280]" name="Cameroon" pageId="1" pageNumber="124">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="8740F836396AFF842FF386B2C63DFAAB" box="[403,533,1255,1280]" country="Cameroon" name="South-West" pageId="1" pageNumber="124">South-West</collectingRegion>
Province
</materialsCitation>
, Cameroon;
<materialsCitation id="F5EC3C89396AFF842D7A86B2C514FAE3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291547714" collectingDate="2014-11-23" collectingDateMax="2014-12-18" collectingDateMin="2014-11-23" collectorName="Tropek, R." country="Cameroon" elevation="1150" location="PlantiCam" pageId="1" pageNumber="124" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="West" typeStatus="paratype">
<date id="313A1014396AFF842D7A86B2C7DDFAAB" box="[794,1013,1255,1280]" pageId="1" pageNumber="124" value="2014-11-23" valueMax="2014-12-18" valueMin="2014-11-23">
<collectingDate id="217EE9FC396AFF842D7A86B2C7DDFAAB" box="[794,1013,1255,1280]" pageId="1" pageNumber="124" value="2014-11-23" valueMax="2014-12-18" valueMin="2014-11-23">23.XI–18.XII.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
. Leg.: Sáfián, Sz. &amp;
<collectorName id="E8715302396AFF842A8D86B2C142FB54" box="[1261,1386,1255,1280]" pageId="1" pageNumber="124">Tropek, R.</collectorName>
;
<specimenCount id="5382FD5D396AFF842B1986B2C1B4FAAB" box="[1401,1436,1255,1280]" pageId="1" pageNumber="124" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
<location id="405B600F396AFF842EF78759C525FA8E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CD2D87C2396AFF862EF781B8C033F87F:405B600F396AFF842EF78759C525FA8E" box="[151,269,1292,1317]" country="Cameroon" name="PlantiCam" pageId="1" pageNumber="124" stateProvince="West">PlantiCam</location>
camp, along the main tourist trail (
<elevation id="CEA9D1E7396AFF842CF48759C74DFA8E" box="[660,869,1292,1317]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="124" unit="m" value="1150.0" valueMax="1200.0" valueMin="1100.0">
<quantity id="827C9B31396AFF842CF48759C702FA8F" box="[660,810,1292,1316]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="124" unit="m" value="1150.0" valueMax="1200.0" valueMin="1100.0">1100-1200 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
), south-western slope of Mount
<collectingCountry id="3D937644396AFF842AAF8759C16EFA8F" box="[1231,1350,1292,1316]" name="Cameroon" pageId="1" pageNumber="124">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
, South-
<collectingRegion id="8740F836396AFF842EF78765C4E6FAEC" box="[151,206,1328,1351]" country="Cameroon" name="West" pageId="1" pageNumber="124">West</collectingRegion>
Province
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="F5EC3C89396AFF842F278765C10AFAE3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291547712" box="[327,1314,1327,1352]" collectingDate="2014-11-23" collectingDateMax="2014-12-18" collectingDateMin="2014-11-23" collectionCode="SAFI" collectorName="Tropek, R." country="Cameroon" location="Safian" pageId="1" pageNumber="124" specimenCode="SAFI00075" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingCountry id="3D937644396AFF842F278765C597FAE3" box="[327,447,1328,1352]" name="Cameroon" pageId="1" pageNumber="124">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
;
<date id="313A1014396AFF842FAA8765C68DFAE3" box="[458,677,1328,1352]" pageId="1" pageNumber="124" value="2014-11-23" valueMax="2014-12-18" valueMin="2014-11-23">
<collectingDate id="217EE9FC396AFF842FAA8765C68DFAE3" box="[458,677,1328,1352]" pageId="1" pageNumber="124" value="2014-11-23" valueMax="2014-12-18" valueMin="2014-11-23">23.XI–18.XII.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
. Leg.:
<location id="405B600F396AFF842C91877AC714FAE3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CD2D87C2396AFF862EF781B8C033F87F:405B600F396AFF842C91877AC714FAE3" box="[753,828,1327,1352]" country="Cameroon" name="Safian" pageId="1" pageNumber="124">Sáfián</location>
, Sz. &amp;
<collectorName id="E8715302396AFF842DED877AC02FFAEC" box="[909,1031,1327,1352]" pageId="1" pageNumber="124">Tropek, R.</collectorName>
; Gen. prep.:
<specimenCode id="15229EAF396AFF842AF8877AC136FAE3" box="[1176,1310,1327,1352]" collectionCode="SAFI" pageId="1" pageNumber="124">
<collectionCode id="2395AE11396AFF842AF8877AC0FFFAE3" box="[1176,1239,1327,1352]" pageId="1" pageNumber="124">SAFI</collectionCode>
00075
</specimenCode>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0D9E655F396AFF872EA78701C5FDF9D9" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="1" pageNumber="124" type="description">
<paragraph id="453B36D4396AFF842EA78701C149F8EB" blockId="1.[151,1437,1111,2001]" pageId="1" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC6396AFF842EA78701C63AFAC6" bold="true" box="[199,530,1364,1389]" pageId="1" pageNumber="124">
Description of the
<typeStatus id="9A3F8876396AFF842FC48701C625FAC6" box="[420,525,1364,1389]" pageId="1" pageNumber="124" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Forewing:
<quantity id="827C9B31396AFF842CF48701C6D3FAC7" box="[660,763,1364,1389]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" pageId="1" pageNumber="124" unit="mm" value="18.5">18.5 mm</quantity>
. Wingspan:
<quantity id="827C9B31396AFF842DE68701C7F0FAC7" box="[902,984,1364,1388]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="124" unit="mm" value="31.0">31 mm</quantity>
. Upperside ground colour is white, with light blue scaling at the base of both wings, which extends into the cell (covering approximately one-third of the cell) also along the veins to a variable length. The forewing apex is broadly black, only slightly tapering down along the outer margin. The forewing costa is also narrowly black beyond veins 8, 9 and 10.
<collectingRegion id="8740F836396AFF842AA68795C0F2FA73" box="[1222,1242,1472,1496]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="1" pageNumber="124">A</collectingRegion>
prominent black streak is present at the end of the discoidal cell. The hindwing has only a narrow black margin, with inconspicuous black sub-marginal spots in spaces between veins 1 and 7, except in space between veins 2 and 3, where a prominent black round-spot is present. The spot is ringed with orange basally. The veins are black, more strongly in the outer half of the wings.
<collectingRegion id="8740F836396AFF842FB18405C5CDF9C3" box="[465,485,1616,1640]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="1" pageNumber="124">A</collectingRegion>
fine hair-tail is present at the end of vein 2 of the hindwing. The underside is white with a slight light-brown tinge and very light whitish-blue scaling in the base of both wings. The black upperside markings are visible only as a pale brown shade, five brown spots forming a post-median line in spaces between veins 2 and 7 of the forewing, the central spot is more like a streak, protruding slightly from the line. On the hindwing a rather irregular median line is formed by seven, more or less circular brown spots, the central of which is characteristically long and elliptic. Four black dots are also present in the sub-basal area of the hindwing, two along the inner margin (the basal one is very small and inconspicuous), one in the cell and one near the costa.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="453B36D4396AFF842EA78519C66AF87A" blockId="1.[151,1437,1111,2001]" pageId="1" pageNumber="124">The prominent marginal black spot of the hindwing upperside at the base of the hair-tail is large also on the underside, it is black with turquoise blue scales marginally, and ringed with orange. The body is black dorsally, with bluish-white hairs, white ventrally. The legs and the palpi are also white. The eyes are bald, brown. The antennae are black, ringed with white.</paragraph>
<caption id="11FB665C3969FF872EF7876EC11CFAFA" box="[151,1332,1339,1361]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255966/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="125" targetBox="[163,1422,205,1300]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="453B36D43969FF872EF7876EC11CFAFA" blockId="2.[151,1332,1339,1361]" box="[151,1332,1339,1361]" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC63969FF872EF7876EC53BFAFB" bold="true" box="[151,275,1339,1361]" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="82844D573969FF872F7A8769C55AFAFA" box="[282,370,1339,1361]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lepidochrysops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liberti">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC63969FF872F7A8769C55AFAFA" box="[282,370,1339,1361]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">L. liberti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(holotype): A—upperside, B—underside;
<taxonomicName id="82844D573969FF872D448769C7A0FAFA" box="[804,904,1339,1361]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lepidochrysops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoebe">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC63969FF872D448769C7A0FAFA" box="[804,904,1339,1361]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">L. phoebe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(holotype): C—upperside, D—underside.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="453B36D43969FF872EA787F0C7E7F9AD" blockId="2.[151,1437,1445,2010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC63969FF872EA787F0C552FA15" bold="true" box="[199,378,1445,1470]" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">Male genitalia.</emphasis>
Uncus blunt, parallelogram shaped with long hairs. Sub-unci long, slender, strongly curving. Valvae narrow with long hairs, their dorsal edge gently, ventral edge strongly curving. The tips are strongly hooked. Aedeagus is broad and short, the tip is rather acute and bifurcate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="453B36D43969FF872EA78444C5FDF9D9" blockId="2.[151,1437,1445,2010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC63969FF872EA78444C5D1F981" bold="true" box="[199,505,1553,1578]" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">Description of the female.</emphasis>
Forewing:
<quantity id="827C9B313969FF872C1B8444C6C9F982" box="[635,737,1553,1578]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" pageId="2" pageNumber="125" unit="mm" value="20.5">20.5 mm</quantity>
, Wingspan:
<quantity id="827C9B313969FF872D0C8444C7FBF982" box="[876,979,1553,1578]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.05" pageId="2" pageNumber="125" unit="mm" value="40.5">40.5 mm</quantity>
. The general appearance of the female is very similar to that of male, however the size is generally larger, the forewing apex is slightly less acute and the black markings are stronger.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0D9E655F3969FF862EA78428C0FBFA3F" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="126" pageId="2" pageNumber="125" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="453B36D43969FF862EA78428C508FECE" blockId="2.[151,1437,1445,2010]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,357]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="126" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC63969FF872EA78428C569F93D" bold="true" box="[199,321,1661,1686]" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Although the newly described
<taxonomicName id="82844D573969FF872CC5842BC720F93D" box="[677,776,1661,1686]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lepidochrysops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liberti">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC63969FF872CC5842BC720F93D" box="[677,776,1661,1686]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">L. liberti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is morphologically very close to
<taxonomicName id="82844D573969FF872AE6842BC0DEF93D" box="[1158,1270,1661,1686]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lepidochrysops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoebe">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC63969FF872AE6842BC0DEF93D" box="[1158,1270,1661,1686]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">L. phoebe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the following differences allow safe identification of both taxa: the black margin on the forewing upperside of
<taxonomicName id="82844D573969FF872B7784F7C156F911" box="[1303,1406,1697,1722]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lepidochrysops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liberti">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC63969FF872B7784F7C156F911" box="[1303,1406,1697,1722]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">L. liberti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is completely black, while a row of ill-defined white spots is present between the tornus and vein
<quantity id="827C9B313969FF872A8D8493C133F975" box="[1261,1307,1733,1758]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="2" pageNumber="125" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="82844D573969FF872B448493C1BDF975" box="[1316,1429,1733,1758]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lepidochrysops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoebe">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC63969FF872B448493C1BDF975" box="[1316,1429,1733,1758]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">L. phoebe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. There is a row of black spots along the margin of the hindwing upperside between veins 1 and
<quantity id="827C9B313969FF872ADC84BFC0CFF8A9" box="[1212,1255,1769,1794]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.778" pageId="2" pageNumber="125" unit="in" value="7.0">7 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="82844D573969FF872A8E84BFC167F8A9" box="[1262,1359,1769,1794]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lepidochrysops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liberti">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC63969FF872A8E84BFC167F8A9" box="[1262,1359,1769,1794]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">L. liberti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, while in
<taxonomicName id="82844D573969FF872ED3855BC509F88D" box="[179,289,1805,1830]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lepidochrysops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoebe">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC63969FF872ED3855BC509F88D" box="[179,289,1805,1830]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">L. phoebe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the margin is broadly black, framing white lunules between veins 1 and 7 with an additional inner submarginal black line. This is also present on the hindwing underside in
<taxonomicName id="82844D573969FF872DCB8567C031F8E1" box="[939,1049,1841,1866]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lepidochrysops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoebe">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC63969FF872DCB8567C031F8E1" box="[939,1049,1841,1866]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">L. phoebe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, where the inner line is formed by gently curving short streaks.
<collectingRegion id="8740F8363969FF872FBA8503C5C6F8C5" box="[474,494,1878,1902]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">A</collectingRegion>
full row of black streaks also form an inner sub-marginal line from the inner margin and the costa on the forewing in
<taxonomicName id="82844D573969FF872C64852FC65AF839" box="[516,626,1913,1938]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lepidochrysops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoebe">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC63969FF872C64852FC65AF839" box="[516,626,1913,1938]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">L. phoebe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, while the row of black streaks is not full in
<taxonomicName id="82844D573969FF872A05852FC0E0F839" box="[1125,1224,1913,1938]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lepidochrysops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liberti">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC63969FF872A05852FC0E0F839" box="[1125,1224,1913,1938]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">L. liberti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and they are never connected in forming a line. The most conspicuous black spot at the base of the hairtail between veins 2 and 3 is faintly ringed with orange from its basal side in
<taxonomicName id="82844D573969FF872CA68597C702F871" box="[710,810,1985,2010]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lepidochrysops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liberti">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC63969FF872CA68597C702F871" box="[710,810,1985,2010]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">L. liberti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, while orange is absent in
<taxonomicName id="82844D573969FF872A048597C0FDF871" box="[1124,1237,1985,2010]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lepidochrysops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoebe">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC63969FF872A048597C0FDF871" box="[1124,1237,1985,2010]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">L. phoebe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The orange ring around the black spot is even more pronounced on the underside of
<taxonomicName id="82844D573968FF862DD682CCC033FF1B" box="[950,1051,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lepidochrysops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liberti">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC63968FF862DD682CCC033FF1B" box="[950,1051,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">L. liberti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, while it is completely absent or vestigial in
<taxonomicName id="82844D573968FF862F7F82E8C5B8FF7E" box="[287,400,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lepidochrysops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoebe">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC63968FF862F7F82E8C5B8FF7E" box="[287,400,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">L. phoebe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(the black spot is ringed with white).
<collectingRegion id="8740F8363968FF862D2F82E8C759FF7F" box="[847,881,189,212]" country="Cameroon" name="North" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">No</collectingRegion>
female of
<taxonomicName id="82844D573968FF862D9282E8C04BFF7E" box="[1010,1123,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lepidochrysops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoebe">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC63968FF862D9282E8C04BFF7E" box="[1010,1123,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">L. phoebe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known so far. The male genitalia of the two species are also similar and as in several groups of
<taxonomicName id="82844D573968FF862DAD828AC056FF53" box="[973,1150,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lepidochrysops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC63968FF862DAD828AC056FF53" box="[973,1150,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">Lepidochrysops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
might not be diagnostic, however the uncus is parallelogram-shaped in
<taxonomicName id="82844D573968FF862CC58350C720FEB6" box="[677,776,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lepidochrysops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liberti">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC63968FF862CC58350C720FEB6" box="[677,776,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">L. liberti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, while it flattens dorsally in
<taxonomicName id="82844D573968FF862A2F8350C097FEB6" box="[1103,1215,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lepidochrysops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoebe">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC63968FF862A2F8350C097FEB6" box="[1103,1215,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">L. phoebe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Also the tip of the aedeagus is bifurcate in both dissected males in
<taxonomicName id="82844D573968FF862CD1837CC73AFEEB" box="[689,786,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lepidochrysops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liberti">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC63968FF862CD1837CC73AFEEB" box="[689,786,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">L. liberti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, whereas the tip in
<taxonomicName id="82844D573968FF862D8E837CC074FEEB" box="[1006,1116,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lepidochrysops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoebe">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC63968FF862D8E837CC074FEEB" box="[1006,1116,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">L. phoebe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
tapers down ventrally in the lateral view.
</paragraph>
<caption id="11FB665C3968FF862EF786EDC500FAA0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255967/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" targetBox="[162,1419,430,1168]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="453B36D43968FF862EF786EDC500FAA0" blockId="3.[151,1436,1208,1291]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC63968FF862EF786EDC53AFB66" bold="true" box="[151,274,1208,1230]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Further comparative material of
<taxonomicName id="82844D573968FF862C0386EDC72BFB65" box="[611,771,1208,1230]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lepidochrysops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC63968FF862C0386EDC72BFB65" box="[611,771,1208,1230]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">Lepidochrysops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
imagos.
<taxonomicName id="82844D573968FF862D3F86EFC790FB65" box="[863,952,1208,1231]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lepidochrysops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liberti">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC63968FF862D3F86EFC790FB65" box="[863,952,1208,1231]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">L. liberti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male (paratype): A—upperside, D—underside;
<taxonomicName id="82844D573968FF862EF7868DC52DFB46" box="[151,261,1239,1261]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lepidochrysops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoebe">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC63968FF862EF7868DC52DFB46" box="[151,261,1239,1261]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">L. phoebe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male, Mount Febe, Cameroon: B—upperside, E—underside;
<taxonomicName id="82844D573968FF862DA5868DC001FB46" box="[965,1065,1239,1261]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lepidochrysops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liberti">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC63968FF862DA5868DC001FB46" box="[965,1065,1239,1261]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">L. liberti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
female (paratype) C—upperside, F—underside.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="453B36D43968FF862EA78702C0FBFA3F" blockId="3.[151,1437,1367,2004]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC63968FF862EA78702C52EFADB" bold="true" box="[199,262,1367,1392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">Note.</emphasis>
Unfortunately the
<typeStatus id="9A3F88763968FF862F838702C66DFADB" box="[483,581,1367,1392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="82844D573968FF862C10870DC6C9FADB" box="[624,737,1367,1392]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lepidochrysops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoebe">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC63968FF862C10870DC6C9FADB" box="[624,737,1367,1392]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">L. phoebe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is in such poor condition that diagnostic features are hardly visible. We therefore illustrate also a
<typeStatus id="9A3F88763968FF862C588729C6B0FA3F" box="[568,664,1404,1428]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
with a
<typeStatus id="9A3F88763968FF862C8B8729C763FA3F" box="[747,843,1404,1428]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="82844D573968FF862D118729C7FBFA3F" box="[881,979,1403,1428]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lepidochrysops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liberti">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC63968FF862D118729C7FBFA3F" box="[881,979,1403,1428]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">L. liberti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for better comparison.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0D9E655F3968FF862EA787CAC033F87F" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="453B36D43968FF862EA787CAC0BAF988" blockId="3.[151,1437,1367,2004]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC63968FF862EA787CAC566FA13" bold="true" box="[199,334,1439,1464]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">Etymology.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="82844D573968FF862F3587F5C591FA13" box="[341,441,1439,1464]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lepidochrysops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liberti">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC63968FF862F3587F5C591FA13" box="[341,441,1439,1464]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">L. liberti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is named in honour of Michel Libert, the author of its sister species,
<taxonomicName id="82844D573968FF862AAE87F5C115FA13" box="[1230,1341,1439,1464]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lepidochrysops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoebe">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC63968FF862AAE87F5C115FA13" box="[1230,1341,1439,1464]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">L. phoebe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Michel dedicated his entire life to the study of African butterflies and has personally authored descriptions of over 100 species from almost all families, including many mountain species from the Gulf of
<collectingCountry id="3D9376443968FF862A2287B2C0BBF9AB" box="[1090,1171,1511,1536]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">Guinea</collectingCountry>
<collectingRegion id="8740F8363968FF862AFA87B2C139F9AB" box="[1178,1297,1511,1536]" country="Czech Republic" name="Vysocina" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">Highlands</collectingRegion>
. Without his thorough work revising various groups, many genera would still remain a taxonomic mess.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="453B36D43968FF862EA7847AC033F87F" blockId="3.[151,1437,1367,2004]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC63968FF862EA7847AC5F5F9E3" bold="true" box="[199,477,1583,1608]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">Habitat and behaviour.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="82844D573968FF862F85847AC6CAF9E3" box="[485,738,1583,1608]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lepidochrysops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liberti">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC63968FF862F85847AC6CAF9E3" box="[485,738,1583,1608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">Lepidochrysops liberti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in a mosaic-like landscape that is strongly affected by extensive natural disturbances by forest elephants. Permanent foraging activity of the elephants has resulted in a diverse network of open clearings dominated by grasses and ferns and regenerating young trees and shrubs between fragments of old-growth thick submontane forest. Such open habitats have already been discussed to be crucial for various (sub)montane butterflies of the region (
<bibRefCitation id="21154B253968FF862D4484EAC061F97C" author="Tropek" box="[804,1097,1727,1752]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" refString="Tropek, R. &amp; Konvicka, M. (2010) Forest eternal? Endemic butterflies of the Bamenda Highlands, Cameroon, avoid closecanopy forest. African Journal of Ecology, 48, 428 - 437. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2028.2009.01129. x" type="journal article" year="2010">Tropek &amp; Konvicka 2010</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="21154B253968FF862A3484EAC10FF97C" author="Tropek" box="[1108,1319,1727,1752]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" refString="Tropek, R., Jansta, P. &amp; Lestina, D. (2013) Acraea wigginsi occidentalis (Bethune-Baker, 1926) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), a new butterfly for Nigeria, with remarks on its habitat and known distribution. SHILAP - Revista de Lepidopterologia, 41, 163 - 165." type="journal article" year="2013">
Tropek
<emphasis id="77F0EAC63968FF862ACB8495C0CBF973" box="[1195,1251,1727,1752]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="82844D573968FF862B5A8495C1B3F973" box="[1338,1435,1727,1752]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lepidochrysops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liberti">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC63968FF862B5A8495C1B3F973" box="[1338,1435,1727,1752]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">L. liberti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
flies along the edges of forest patches and in scrubby openings. Very often it has been observed near stands of a creeping perennial herb
<taxonomicName id="82844D573968FF862FC88552C6B2F8B4" box="[424,666,1799,1824]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Solenostemon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mannii">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC63968FF862FC88552C6B2F8B4" box="[424,666,1799,1824]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">Solenostemon mannii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Hook.f.) Baker (
<taxonomicName id="82844D573968FF862D038552C7C8F88B" box="[867,992,1799,1824]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lamiaceae</taxonomicName>
) which could be a potential food plant, although no egg
<emphasis id="77F0EAC63968FF862F37857EC548F8EF" bold="true" box="[343,352,1835,1860]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">-</emphasis>
laying was observed. Along larger stands of this plant, males were displaying and fighting together; they also regularly perched on leaves of the plant. Judging from the distribution of
<taxonomicName id="82844D573968FF862AC78505C13AF8CC" box="[1191,1298,1872,1895]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Solenostemon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mannii">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC63968FF862AC78505C13AF8CC" box="[1191,1298,1872,1895]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">S. mannii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the study area, as well as from the majority of the observed butterfly specimens,
<taxonomicName id="82844D573968FF862D9D8521C04DF827" box="[1021,1125,1907,1932]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lepidochrysops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liberti">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC63968FF862D9D8521C04DF827" box="[1021,1125,1907,1932]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">L. liberti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seems to live in patchily distributed smaller colonies, which are most probably connected, as
<taxonomicName id="82844D573968FF862DEF85CDC7D8F81B" box="[911,1008,1943,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Lepidochrysops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liberti">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC63968FF862DEF85CDC7D8F81B" box="[911,1008,1943,1968]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">L. liberti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens were also observed readily flying over forest patches or passing through larger, visibly unsuitable clearings.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document id="CD531A2663C7E4A7B99AA2272845E76B" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4150.2.2" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4150.2.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="731ba97b-4f31-40e8-829a-13151941648c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="255965" ID-ZooBank="2F9366AE-4385-4A4C-B7CC-D5E23C667847" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1470895852943" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sáfián, Szabolcs &amp; Tropek, Robert" docDate="2016" docId="CD2D87C2396EFF832EF78332C046FF7F" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4150.2.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4150 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Ceratrichia fako Sáfián &amp; Tropek, 2016, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="128" masterDocId="3114FFBA396BFF852E608255C428FFAB" masterDocTitle="Two new butterfly species (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) from Mount Cameroon, Gulf of Guinea Highlands, Cameroon" masterLastPageNumber="132" masterPageNumber="123" pageNumber="128" updateTime="1698367523533" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="A7F26B5C492D9BB5524EA1FA2E2E3660">Two new butterfly species (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) from Mount Cameroon, Gulf of Guinea Highlands, Cameroon</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="25C1F29D1CC431240F19A13C82BFF5AA">Sáfián, Szabolcs</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="672F8381B655A51363C329CFBB899EE0">Tropek, Robert</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="5B99B30BE1642F52B9352F936905AAD1">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="68AEE7AC7F50AE054EFBBA524607150B">2016</mods:date>
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<treatment id="CD2D87C2396EFF832EF78332C046FF7F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6069555" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124329180" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6069555" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CD2D87C2396EFF832EF78332C046FF7F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CD2D87C2396EFF832EF78332C046FF7F" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="128" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
<subSubSection id="0D9E655F396EFF802EF78332C5C9FE08" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="453B36D4396EFF802EF78332C5EBFE29" blockId="5.[151,481,359,419]" box="[151,451,359,386]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
<heading id="1E7381B8396EFF802EF78332C5EBFE29" bold="true" box="[151,451,359,386]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" reason="1">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC6396EFF802EF78332C5EBFE29" bold="true" box="[151,451,359,386]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
<taxonomicName id="82844D57396EFF802EF78332C577FE2A" box="[151,351,359,385]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ceratrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fako" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC6396EFF802EF78332C577FE2A" bold="true" box="[151,351,359,385]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Ceratrichia fako</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6CC357BD396EFF802F05833DC5EBFE29" box="[357,451,360,386]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="453B36D4396EFF802EF783DEC5C9FE08" blockId="5.[151,481,359,419]" box="[151,481,394,419]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">(FIGS: 5A, D, G, J; 6A, D; 7)</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0D9E655F396EFF802EF78387C6F8FD69" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="453B36D4396EFF802EF78387C6A8FD98" blockId="5.[151,1437,466,2003]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
<materialsCitation id="F5EC3C89396EFF802EF78387C4D6FDA4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291547717" collectorName="D PlantiCam" country="Cameroon" location="South-West" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="South-West" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC6396EFF802EF78387C523FE40" bold="true" box="[151,267,466,491]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
<typeStatus id="9A3F8876396EFF802EF78387C52EFE40" box="[151,262,466,491]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectorName id="E8715302396EFF802F798386C59AFE40" box="[281,434,466,491]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Ƌ PlantiCam</collectorName>
camp, the main tourist trail, south-western slope of Mount
<collectingCountry id="3D937644396EFF802AF08386C120FE40" box="[1168,1288,467,491]" name="Cameroon" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="8740F836396EFF802B7A8387C1B4FE40" box="[1306,1436,466,491]" country="Cameroon" name="South-West" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">South-West</collectingRegion>
Province
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="F5EC3C89396EFF802F6A83A2C6A8FD98" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291547710" collectingDate="2014-11-23" collectingDateMax="2014-12-18" collectingDateMin="2014-11-23" collectionCode="SAFI" collectorName="Leg. &amp; Safian &amp; Sz. &amp; Tropek, R. &amp; Coordinates" country="Cameroon" elevation="1100" latitude="4.117" location="Cameroon" longLatPrecision="78" longitude="9.073" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" specimenCode="SAFI00079" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="3D937644396EFF802F6A83A2C5AAFDA4" box="[266,386,503,527]" name="Cameroon" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
;
<date id="313A1014396EFF802FEE83A2C641FDA4" box="[398,617,503,527]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" value="2014-11-23" valueMax="2014-12-18" valueMin="2014-11-23">
<collectingDate id="217EE9FC396EFF802FEE83A2C641FDA4" box="[398,617,503,527]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" value="2014-11-23" valueMax="2014-12-18" valueMin="2014-11-23">23.XI–18.XII.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<collectorName id="E8715302396EFF802C1583A2C684FDA4" box="[629,684,503,527]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Leg.</collectorName>
:
<collectorName id="E8715302396EFF802CD783A3C72AFDA4" box="[695,770,502,527]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Sáfián</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="E8715302396EFF802D6E83A2C719FDA4" box="[782,817,503,527]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Sz.</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="E8715302396EFF802D3783A3C7F8FDA5" box="[855,976,502,527]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Tropek, R.</collectorName>
Gen. prep.:
<specimenCode id="15229EAF396EFF802A3F83A2C0CDFDA4" box="[1119,1253,503,527]" collectionCode="SAFI" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
<collectionCode id="2395AE11396EFF802A3F83A2C0B5FDA4" box="[1119,1181,503,527]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">SAFI</collectionCode>
00079
</specimenCode>
.
<collectorName id="E8715302396EFF802A9183A3C155FDA4" box="[1265,1405,502,527]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Coordinates</collectorName>
:
<geoCoordinate id="20B05013396EFF802BE883A2C4D9FD98" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" precision="55" value="4.117">N 04.117°</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="20B05013396EFF802E9C804EC558FD98" box="[252,368,539,563]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" precision="55" value="9.073">E 09.073°</geoCoordinate>
; elevation:
<elevation id="CEA9D1E7396EFF802F90804EC6A8FD98" box="[496,640,538,563]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" unit="m" value="1100.0">
<quantity id="827C9B31396EFF802F90804EC66DFD99" box="[496,581,539,563]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="453B36D4396EFF802EA7806BC6F8FD69" blockId="5.[151,1437,466,2003]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
<materialsCitation id="F5EC3C89396EFF802EA7806BC1B0FDFC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291547708" box="[199,1432,574,599]" collectorName="D Buea-Bokwaongo" country="Cameroon" elevation="1700" location="South-West" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="South-West" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC6396EFF802EA7806BC56EFDFC" bold="true" box="[199,326,574,599]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
<typeStatus id="9A3F8876396EFF802EA7806BC569FDFC" box="[199,321,574,599]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
1
<collectorName id="E8715302396EFF802F3B806AC66DFDFC" box="[347,581,574,599]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Ƌ Buea-Bokwaongo</collectorName>
trail (
<quantity id="827C9B31396EFF802CED806AC6C0FDFC" box="[653,744,575,599]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" unit="m" value="1700.0">
<elevation id="CEA9D1E7396EFF802CED806AC6C0FDFC" box="[653,744,575,599]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" unit="m" value="1700.0">1700 m</elevation>
</quantity>
), southern slope of Mount
<collectingCountry id="3D937644396EFF802A41806AC0B1FDFC" box="[1057,1177,575,599]" name="Cameroon" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="8740F836396EFF802AC6806BC100FDFC" box="[1190,1320,574,599]" country="Cameroon" name="South-West" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">South-West</collectingRegion>
Province
</materialsCitation>
, Cameroon;
<materialsCitation id="F5EC3C89396EFF802F428037C019FD34" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291547713" collectingDate="2014-11" collectorName="Leg. &amp; Safian &amp; Sz. &amp; PlantiCam" country="Cameroon" elevation="1300" location="South-West" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" specimenCount="10" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="7" stateProvince="South-West" typeStatus="paratype">
<date id="313A1014396EFF802F428037C5AAFDD0" box="[290,386,610,635]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" value="2014-11">
<collectingDate id="217EE9FC396EFF802F428037C5AAFDD0" box="[290,386,610,635]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" value="2014-11">XI.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<collectorName id="E8715302396EFF802FF38036C5E2FDD0" box="[403,458,611,635]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Leg.</collectorName>
:
<collectorName id="E8715302396EFF802FBC8037C60FFDD0" box="[476,551,610,635]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Sáfián</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="E8715302396EFF802C598037C676FDD0" box="[569,606,610,635]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Sz.</collectorName>
;
<specimenCount id="5382FD5D396EFF802C128036C682FDD1" box="[626,682,611,634]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" type="male">7♂♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="5382FD5D396EFF802CD88036C6D8FDD0" box="[696,752,611,635]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" type="female">3♀♀</specimenCount>
<collectorName id="E8715302396EFF802C9E8037C75CFDD0" box="[766,884,610,635]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">PlantiCam</collectorName>
camp and above along the main tourist trail (
<quantity id="827C9B31396EFF802EFE80D3C568FD34" box="[158,320,646,671]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" unit="m" value="1300.0" valueMax="1500.0" valueMin="1100.0">
<elevation id="CEA9D1E7396EFF802EFE80D3C568FD34" box="[158,320,646,671]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" unit="m" value="1300.0" valueMax="1500.0" valueMin="1100.0">1100–1500 m</elevation>
</quantity>
), south-western slope of Mount
<collectingCountry id="3D937644396EFF802CD980D2C719FD34" box="[697,817,647,671]" name="Cameroon" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="8740F836396EFF802D5E80D3C7E8FD34" box="[830,960,646,671]" country="Cameroon" name="South-West" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">South-West</collectingRegion>
Province
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="F5EC3C89396EFF802A5E80D2C6F8FD69" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291547709" collectingDate="23. XI - 18. XII. 2014 and 07 - 23. IV. 2015" collectorName="Tropek, R." country="Cameroon" location="Safian" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingCountry id="3D937644396EFF802A5E80D2C09EFD34" box="[1086,1206,647,671]" name="Cameroon" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingDate id="217EE9FC396EFF802AA480D2C547FD68" isEnumeration="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
<date id="313A1014396EFF802AA480D2C1B4FD34" box="[1220,1436,647,671]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" value="2014-11-23" valueMax="2014-12-18" valueMin="2014-11-23">23.XI–18.XII.2014</date>
and
<date id="313A1014396EFF802EA680FFC547FD68" box="[198,367,682,707]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" value="2015-04-07" valueMax="2015-04-23" valueMin="2015-04-07">07–23.IV.2015</date>
</collectingDate>
. Leg.:
<location id="405B600F396EFF802FDC80FFC62EFD68" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CD2D87C2396EFF832EF78332C046FF7F:405B600F396EFF802FDC80FFC62EFD68" box="[444,518,682,707]" country="Cameroon" name="Safian" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Sáfián</location>
, Sz. &amp;
<collectorName id="E8715302396EFF802C3880FFC6F8FD69" box="[600,720,682,707]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Tropek, R.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0D9E655F396EFF802EA7809BC036FA8C" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" type="description">
<paragraph id="453B36D4396EFF802EA7809BC637FBE4" blockId="5.[151,1437,466,2003]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC6396EFF802EA7809BC60AFD4C" bold="true" box="[199,546,718,743]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
Description of the
<typeStatus id="9A3F8876396EFF802FD4809BC635FD4C" box="[436,541,718,743]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Forewing:
<quantity id="827C9B31396EFF802CCF809AC72EFD4D" box="[687,774,719,743]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
. Wingspan:
<quantity id="827C9B31396EFF802DFC809AC7DCFD4D" box="[924,1012,719,743]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" unit="mm" value="27.0">27 mm</quantity>
. The upperside is chocolate brown, scattered with golden-brown scaling of variable density over both wings. The golden scaling is particularly dense in the basal area of the forewing and on most of the hindwing, where even long golden-brown hairs are present. The forewing underside is also chocolate brown, with a prominent yellow band along the costa, which becomes diffuse in the apical area, dusting around six small white spots (one of which is found in the discoidal cell). The hindwing underside is bright yellow, with a prominent chocolate brown margin, which is dusted by golden-brown scales. Five small brown spots are also present in the yellow area of the hindwing, as well as a whitish spot in the brown margin. The body is blackish-brown from the dorsal side, covered by golden-brown hairs. Ventrally, the body is yellow with long yellow hairs on the thorax. The legs are brown and yellow; the palpi are yellow with brown hairs. The antennae are very long, dark brown, ringed with yellow. Their tips are broadened, gently hooked. The eyes are large, bald, dark grey.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="453B36D4396EFF802EA7860FC73EFB74" blockId="5.[151,1437,466,2003]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC6396EFF802EA7860FC554FBD8" bold="true" box="[199,380,1114,1139]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Male genitalia.</emphasis>
Uncus funnel-shaped with very long and narrow tip, scaphium is present, well developed, narrow, long. Tegumen is hood-like, saccus short, weakly sclerotized. Valvae are symmetrical, their cucullus is quite blunt. The aedeagus is short, trumpet-like (teste Larsen) very weakly sclerotized. It tapers down into a slim curving posterior tip, while the vesica is broad and blunt.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="453B36D4396EFF802EA786BFC036FA8C" blockId="5.[151,1437,466,2003]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC6396EFF802EA786BFC5D3FAA8" bold="true" box="[199,507,1258,1283]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Description of the female.</emphasis>
In size and appearance, the female of
<taxonomicName id="82844D57396EFF802DCD86BEC7D7FAA8" box="[941,1023,1258,1283]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ceratrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fako">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC6396EFF802DCD86BEC7D7FAA8" box="[941,1023,1258,1283]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">C. fako</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very similar to the male, however six hyaline spots are present in the sub-apical area of the forewing of the female.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0D9E655F396EFF802EA78767C6A9F9EC" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="453B36D4396EFF802EA78767C6A9F9EC" blockId="5.[151,1437,466,2003]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC6396EFF802EA78767C569FAE0" bold="true" box="[199,321,1330,1355]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="82844D57396EFF802F278766C5B0FAE0" box="[327,408,1330,1355]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ceratrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fako">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC6396EFF802F278766C5B0FAE0" box="[327,408,1330,1355]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">C. fako</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is obviously closely related to
<taxonomicName id="82844D57396EFF802C918766C77AFAE0" box="[753,850,1330,1355]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ceratrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lewisi">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC6396EFF802C918766C77AFAE0" box="[753,850,1330,1355]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">C. lewisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the recently described
<taxonomicName id="82844D57396EFF802AE38766C11CFAE0" box="[1155,1332,1330,1355]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ceratrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manengouba">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC6396EFF802AE38766C11CFAE0" box="[1155,1332,1330,1355]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">C. manengouba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with the following differences, which are consistent over the large available series. The hindwing upperside of both sexes of
<taxonomicName id="82844D57396EFF802EF7872EC4D2FA38" box="[151,250,1402,1427]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ceratrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lewisi">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC6396EFF802EF7872EC4D2FA38" box="[151,250,1402,1427]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">C. lewisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has an extensive yellow patch along the outer margin, covering almost half of the wing, which is missing completely from
<emphasis id="77F0EAC6396EFF802F3C87CAC59FFA1C" box="[348,439,1438,1463]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
<taxonomicName id="82844D57396EFF802F3C87CAC59BFA1C" box="[348,435,1438,1463]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ceratrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fako">C. fako</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
replaced by an overlay of dense golden-brown scales. Uppersides of both wings of
<taxonomicName id="82844D57396EFF802BE287CAC4EFFA70" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ceratrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fako">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC6396EFF802BE287CAC4EFFA70" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">C. fako</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and especially the hindwing, are slightly overlaid by golden-brown scales, distinguishing it from both of its relatives. The ground colour of
<taxonomicName id="82844D57396EFF802F9687B2C68FFA54" box="[502,679,1510,1535]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ceratrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manengouba">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC6396EFF802F9687B2C68FFA54" box="[502,679,1510,1535]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">C. manengouba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is generally darker; in its description,
<bibRefCitation id="21154B25396EFF802A3287B2C14AFA54" author="Larsen" box="[1106,1378,1510,1535]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" refString="Larsen, T. B. &amp; Collins, S. C. (2014) Some new and interesting African Hesperiidae-the fifth ABRI research paper. Metamorphosis, 25, 60 - 76." type="journal article" year="2014">Larsen &amp; Collins (2014)</bibRefCitation>
state that: “Upperside of both sets of wings uniformly deep black”; while the ground colour of
<taxonomicName id="82844D57396EFF802AFA845EC0C5F988" box="[1178,1261,1546,1571]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ceratrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fako">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC6396EFF802AFA845EC0C5F988" box="[1178,1261,1546,1571]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">C. fako</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is significantly lighter—it is a warm dark chocolate brown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0D9E655F396EFF832EA78407C046FF7F" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="129" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="453B36D4396EFF802EA78407C4C7F924" blockId="5.[151,1437,466,2003]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC6396EFF802EA78407C566F9C0" bold="true" box="[199,334,1618,1643]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species is named after
<taxonomicName id="82844D57396EFF802CF88407C6FBF9C0" box="[664,723,1618,1643]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ceratrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fako">Fako</taxonomicName>
, the local name of Mount
<collectingCountry id="3D937644396EFF802A6D8406C0ADF9C0" box="[1037,1157,1619,1643]" name="Cameroon" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
, the
<typeStatus id="9A3F8876396EFF802ADF8406C0C7F9C0" box="[1215,1263,1619,1643]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">type</typeStatus>
locality of the species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="453B36D4396EFF832EA784CFC046FF7F" blockId="5.[151,1437,466,2003]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="129" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC6396EFF802EA784CFC5C9F918" bold="true" box="[199,481,1690,1715]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Habitat and behaviour.</emphasis>
The first specimen was found at
<quantity id="827C9B31396EFF802D0584CEC794F919" box="[869,956,1691,1715]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" unit="m" value="1700.0">1700 m</quantity>
a.s.l. in the sub-montane forest of Mount Cameroon, above the town of Bokwaongo-Buea. It was flying in the usual short skipping flight typical for various
<taxonomicName id="82844D57396EFF802EF784B7C532F950" box="[151,282,1762,1787]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ceratrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC6396EFF802EF784B7C532F950" box="[151,282,1762,1787]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Ceratrichia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, in a small clearing surrounded by tree-ferns. The rest of the type series (including the holotype) were collected during various occasions over two seasons (
<date id="313A1014396EFF802DF88552C06BF8B4" box="[920,1091,1799,1823]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" value="2014-11" valueMax="2014-12-31" valueMin="2014-11-00">Nov–Dec 2014</date>
and
<date id="313A1014396EFF802A198553C0DCF8B4" box="[1145,1268,1798,1823]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" value="2015-04">April 2015</date>
) between
<date id="313A1014396EFF802B058552C4D7F8E8" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" value="1100" valueMax="1500">1100 and 1500</date>
metres, just above the PlantiCam camp. All the caught and observed specimens occurred in the uplandsub-montane transitional forest along the main tourist trail on the south-western slope of Mount Cameroon. The species is much less common than
<taxonomicName id="82844D57396EFF802C7E8526C652F820" box="[542,634,1906,1931]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ceratrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clara">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC6396EFF802C7E8526C652F820" box="[542,634,1906,1931]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">C. clara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with which it flies in syntopy, although
<taxonomicName id="82844D57396EFF802A5C8526C0A4F820" box="[1084,1164,1906,1931]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ceratrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fako">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC6396EFF802A5C8526C0A4F820" box="[1084,1164,1906,1931]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">C. fako</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seems to be much more localized, restricted usually to the darker bottom of the rocky ravines, where sun can only patchily penetrate the forest understorey. The males usually perch on a sun-lit leaf of fern or low bush, and patrol around regularly for a couple of metres before settling on the same perch or a nearby spot. The sub-montane
<taxonomicName id="82844D57396DFF832A3A82CDC09AFF1B" box="[1114,1202,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ceratrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flava">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC6396DFF832A3A82CDC09AFF1B" box="[1114,1202,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="129">C. flava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
prefers to stay along the edges of clearings in the habitat mosaic, where
<taxonomicName id="82844D57396DFF832CB382E8C70CFF7E" box="[723,804,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ceratrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fako">
<emphasis id="77F0EAC6396DFF832CB382E8C70CFF7E" box="[723,804,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="129">C. fako</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does not usually venture out.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>