From a6622746f87b010f1f81458de878baab2581727e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ggserver Date: Thu, 13 Mar 2025 13:16:43 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Add updates up until 2025-03-13 13:11:39 --- .../F5/03DCF519FF80A110FF3DCDC15F7DFBF4.xml | 483 ++++++++++++++++++ .../8A/1B218A74FFCA69754960FDC7FE5DFB43.xml | 144 ++++++ .../8A/1B218A74FFCC69744960FA23FB39FDB4.xml | 205 ++++++++ 3 files changed, 832 insertions(+) create mode 100644 data/03/DC/F5/03DCF519FF80A110FF3DCDC15F7DFBF4.xml create mode 100644 data/1B/21/8A/1B218A74FFCA69754960FDC7FE5DFB43.xml create mode 100644 data/1B/21/8A/1B218A74FFCC69744960FA23FB39FDB4.xml diff --git a/data/03/DC/F5/03DCF519FF80A110FF3DCDC15F7DFBF4.xml b/data/03/DC/F5/03DCF519FF80A110FF3DCDC15F7DFBF4.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c0736eb4e44 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/DC/F5/03DCF519FF80A110FF3DCDC15F7DFBF4.xml @@ -0,0 +1,483 @@ + + + +Sonerila dongii (tribe Sonerileae, Melastomataceae), a new species from Lam Dong province, South Vietnam + + + +Author + +Nguyen, Danh Duc +0000-0002-3331-8571 +Institute of Innovation in Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Food, Thu Dau Mot University, 6 Tran Van On, Phu Hoa Ward, Thu Dau Mot City, Vietnam +nguyendanhduc@tdmu.edu.vn + + + +Author + +Nguyen, Van Canh +0000-0001-9578-0342 +Institute of Innovation in Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Food, Thu Dau Mot University, 6 Tran Van On, Phu Hoa Ward, Thu Dau Mot City, Vietnam +nguyenvancanh@tdmu.edu.vn + + + +Author + +Lin, Che Wei +0000-0002-8564-5793 +Herbarium of Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, No. 53, Nan-Hai Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan +varalba@gmail.com + +text + + +Phytotaxa + + +2024 + +2024-08-22 + + +663 + + +3 + + +149 +156 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.663.3.4 + +journal article +10.11646/phytotaxa.663.3.4 +1179-3163 +14515655 + + + + + +Sonerila dongii +D.D.Nguyen & C.W.Lin + +, + +sp. nov. + +( +Figs. 1−3 +) + + + + + +Type +: + +— + +VIETNAM +. +Lam Dong province +: +Duc Trong district +, growing on mossy granite stone boulders in semi-shaded areas near seasonal waterfall in +Ta Nang +commune, +ca +. + +1,200 m + +elevation. Specimens were pressed from plants originally collected by +Nguyen Danh Duc +and +Truong Nguyen Dong +on + +29 June 2018 + +, and grown in the variegated plant nursery (Dong Nai province) owned by Mr. Truong Nguyen Dong, +2 December 2020 +, +Nguyen Danh Duc NDD- 499 +( +holotype +VNMN +! + +; + +isotype +LE +! + +). + + + + +Diagnosis +: + +Sonerila dongii + +resembles the +Thailand +endemic + +S. peninsularis +J.Wai & J.M.Hu (2023: 122) + +in its variegated ovate foliage and stems and inflorescence covered with minutely brown glandular trichomes. However, the new species is readily distinguished from + +S. peninsularis + +by its non-tuberous habit (vs. tuberous), terete and branched stem (vs. quadrangular and usually unbranched), glabrous petals (vs. abaxial surface with long stipitate glandular trichomes) and longer anthers by +4.5–5 mm +(vs. +1.5–2.5 mm +) long. + + + + +Perennial lithophytic herbs. +Stems +ascending, rooting at lower nodes when procumbent, branching, stout, reddish-brown to olive green, terete, +5–8 mm +thick, fleshy, with dense, minute, glandular trichomes, translucent when young, becoming brown when mature; internodes +0.8–3.5 cm +long. +Leaves +decussate, isomorphic; petiole sub-terete, grooved above, yellowish-green to pale reddish-brown, +0.3−1.2 cm +long, +3−4 mm +across, glabrous or with sparse, minute, glandular trichomes; leaf blades thick, chartaceous, slightly succulent, symmetric, ovate to widely elliptic, rarely lanceolate, 4−9.8 × +2.7–5.6 cm +, base subcordate to cuneate, apex acute to attenuate, margin denticulate with each tooth tipped by a short trichom, adaxially very sparsely puberulous, maroon to dark bluish-brown, adorned with irregular, olive-green to greyish-green semi-continuous spots of variable sizes between the midrib and margin, spots becoming more dense towards the inner side, forming a light-colored zone along the midrib, sometimes accompanied by sparsely silvery green dots, margin with a narrow greyish-green rim +1–2 mm +wide, subvelutinous, abaxially glabrous, purplish-red to magenta, with whitish-green irregular splash spots corresponding to the pattern on adaxial surface; venation acrodromous, primary vein shallowly grooved above. +Inflorescences +terminal or axillary, scorpioid cymes, 6–18-flowered; peduncles pinkish-brown to yellowish-red, +3.5–5 cm +long, erect to ascending, covered with minute transparent brown glandular trichomes; bracts minutely narrowly triangular, +ca +. +0.3 mm +long. +Flowers +3-merous; pedicels pinkish-brown to yellowish-red, +3–6 mm +long, densely covered in minute, transparent, brown, glandular trichomes. +Hypanthium +cylindrical to narrowly campanulate, 4.3–6.5 × +2.2–2.8 mm +, dusky magenta, purplish-brown to reddish-brown, with dense, minute, transparent, brown, glandular trichomes; +ca +. two-fifths of hypanthium free from the ovary. +Sepals +3, widely triangular, 1.3–1.7 × +ca. +2.2 mm +, apex acuminate. +Petals +widely oblong-ovate, 11–15 × +7.5–9 mm +, apex acuminate, rosy pink to rich magenta, glabrous. +Stamens +3, equal; filaments +7–9 mm +long, magenta, glabrous; anthers lanceolate, slightly incurved, deeply cordate at base, apex attenuate, +4.5–5 mm +long, golden yellow, apex opening with two pores. +Ovary +4–4.5 mm +long, 3-locular; ovary crown crescent-shaped to widely oblong, +ca. +1.3 mm +high, margin denticulate; ovules numerous; style +11–15 mm +long, magenta; stigma capitate, papillate, white. +Capsule +not seen. + + + + +FIGURE 1. + +Sonerila dongii +D.D.Nguyen & C.W.Lin. A. Habit + +; B, B'. Leaf margin, adaxial and abaxial surfaces; C. Bracts; D, D'. Flower, top and side views; E. Hypanthium; F. Longitudinal section of ovary; G, G'. Stamens, side and ventral views; H. Style and stigma. + + + + +FIGURE 2. + +Sonerila dongii +D.D.Nguyen & C.W.Lin. A. Habit + +and habitat (during the dry season); B. Habit; C. Leaves, showing different shapes; D. Whole plant; E. Leaves, adaxial and abaxial surfaces; F. Portion of stem, showing densely minutely glandular trichomes; G, H. Portion of leaf, adaxial surface, sparsely and minutely puberulous; I. Portion of leaf, abaxial surface; J. Inflorescences; K. Petals, adaxial and abaxial surfaces; L. Anthers, ventral and side views; M. Style; N. Vertical section of ovary. + + + + +FIGURE 3. +A, B. Similar habits and ovate leaves of + +Sonerila dongii + +(right) and + +Ludisia discolor + +(left): A. Leaves; B. Stems. C, D. + +Sonerila dongii + +: C. Inflorescence; D. Vertical section of immature ovary, also showing anthers. + + + + +Distribution & IUCN preliminary assessment: +—Despite extensive investigations in southern +Vietnam +, where the first author conducted research, only a few individuals of this new species have been discovered in the highlands of South +Vietnam +( +Fig. 4 +) at elevation of around 1,200 meters. Future expeditions are expected to provide more clarity on the status of this species. The current status of + +S. dongii + +is proposed to be Data Deficient (DD) following the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (2024). + + + + +Ecology and phenology: +—It grows on wet granite stone cliffs along the bank of a waterfall in evergreen broadleaved forest mixed with pine forest, and is typically found in semi-shaded areas. This species blooms mainly from July to September and enters dormancy from January to March. Its growth cycle in greenhouse cultivation closely resembles that in its natural habitat, however, the flowering period may extend due to cultivation conditions. Whether in its natural habitat or in experimental greenhouses, leaf fall and dormancy occur during winter. + + + + +Etymology:— +The specific epithet is named after Mr. Truong Nguyen Dong, who cultivated the +type +specimen of this new species until it flowered. He is a young enthusiast of ornamental plants and operates a nursery in Long Thanh City, +Dong Nai province +, where he grows a variety of wild plants collected from across +Vietnam +, including begonias, aroids, and gingers, among others. + + + + +FIGURE 4. +Distribution map of + +Sonerila dongii + +(yellow star) in Indochina (The map is modified from https://geocat.iucnredlist.org/ editor) + + + + +Note:— +Unlike any known Indochinese + +Sonerila +species + +with a periodically dormant habit, the new species, + +Sonerila dongii + +lacks a tuber but has a thick and fleshy stem, the habit is similar to some sympatric orchids such as + +Ludisia discolor +(Ker Gawl. 1818: 271) +Blume (1859: 95) + +(figure 3: A & B) or certain species of + +Cheirostylis +Blume (1825: 16) + +. + +Sonerila dongii + +exhibits great horticultural potential, attributed to its colorful, variegated leaves, relatively compact growth habit, and excellent adaptability to various environmental conditions. The new species bears a superficial resemblance to + +S. peninsularis + +but is distinct due to its non-tuberous habit, terete stem, glabrous petals, and longer anthers. A detailed comparison of the two + +Sonerila +species + +is presented in +Table 1 +. + + + + +TABLE 1 +. Comparison of + +Sonerila dongii + +and + +S. peninsularis + +. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ +S. dongii + + + +S. peninsularis + +
+Stem +multi-branchedunbranched
cross sectionteretequadrangular
+Tuber +absentpresent
+Leaf +
adaxial surfacevery sparsely puberulousminutely strigose
abaxial surfaceglabroustrichomes on the secondary veins
+Inflorescence +
section of peduncleteretequadrangular
+Flower +
petals size (mm)11–15 × 7.5–96.5–11 × 3–4.5
abaxial petalsglabrouswith few long stipitate glandular trichomes along the midvein
anther length (mm)4.5–51.5–2.5
color of filaments and stylemagentawhite
+Distribution +South VietnamNorthwest Thailand
+ + + + + +Specimens examined ( +Paratype +): + +— +VIETNAM +. +Lam Dong province +: +Duc Trong +district, growns on mossy granite stone boulders in semi-shaded areas near seasonal waterfall in +Ta Nang +commune, +ca +. + +1,200 m + +elevation. Specimens were pressed from plants grown in experimental greenhouse at the Taipei Botanical Garden, + +15 July 2024 + +, + +C.W.Lin +722 + +( +TAIF +!) + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/1B/21/8A/1B218A74FFCA69754960FDC7FE5DFB43.xml b/data/1B/21/8A/1B218A74FFCA69754960FDC7FE5DFB43.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..95aaf57df19 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/1B/21/8A/1B218A74FFCA69754960FDC7FE5DFB43.xml @@ -0,0 +1,144 @@ + + + +Call descriptions of two species of Meristogenys (Anura: Ranidae) from Sabah, Malaysia with novel notes on species morphology + + + +Author + +Sheridan, Jennifer A. +Carnegie Museum of Natural History, 4400 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA +jasheridan@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Grafe, Ulmar +Environmental Life Sciences Program, Faculty of Science, University Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE 1410, Brunei Darussalam + + + +Author + +Márquez, Rafael +Fonoteca Zoológica, Dept. de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain + + + +Author + +Narins, Peter M. +Dept. of Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA, 621 Charles E. Young Drive S., Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA + + + +Author + +Vázquez-García, Pablo +Carnegie Museum of Natural History, 4400 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA + + + +Author + +Yambun, Paul +Sabah Parks Research and Education Division, Kinabalu Park, Zoology Unit, P. O. Box 10626, 88806 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-10-28 + + +72 + + +356 +363 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0028 +2345-7600 +14682745 +ECD60777-BEC2-4E26-A3F1-E398F6A043E1 + + + + + +Meristogenys stenocephalus +. + + + + + +We recorded calls of four individuals of this species at Melanggong sub-station on +7 March 2023 +. Calls were emitted sporadically, with several minutes between bouts of calling, and several calls within approximately 10 s during each bout. All males were calling on vegetation within +1.5 m +of the ground, and within +3 m +of the stream edge, in the stretch of stream immediately visible from the park entrance. Males started calling around dusk, and calling activity seemed to be strongest in the first three hours after dusk. There was no rain during recording hours. Other species active and calling in the same vicinity included + +Huia cavitympanum + +, + +Leptolalax pictus + +, and + +Meristogenys orphnocnemis + +. + + +In the 15 calls we recorded from four individuals, dominant frequencies ranged from 2540–4716 Hz with frequency modulation between 666–6348 Hz (supplementary material). We identified four call +types +( +Table 3 +; +Fig. 3 +): +type +A contains one or two harmonics and starts around 6000 to 7300 Hz ending around 2200 to 2500 Hz; +type +B does not contain harmonics and shows very minimal frequency modulation, starting around 3000 Hz and ending around 2400 Hz; +type +C is slightly concave, starting between 3000 and 4500 Hz and ending around 2100 to 3100 Hz; +type +D exhibits a short decline starting above 8200 Hz and ending below 2900 Hz. Like + +M. stigmachiulus + +, little has been published about this species beyond its initial description. We noted that while existing records state that this species has “underside of head and body whitish with dark dots on throat and chest” ( +Inger et al., 2017 +) (https://www.frogsofborneo.org/frogs/ ranidae/meristogenys/stenocephalus), we found these dots only appear during the day or after preservation, and during normal nocturnal observations the chest and throat are white. Further, males of this species were previously reported as +48–60 mm +SVL and females +76–87 mm +SVL ( +Inger et al., 2017 +), but our observations show males of this species to get up to +64 mm +SVL and females to +90 mm +SVL ( +Sheridan et al., 2023 +). Most notably, no existing descriptions of this species mention the green dorsal colouration with reddishbrown to bright red legs that we commonly observed ( +Fig. 4 +). While colouration varies between individuals, and within an individual from day to night, we found this colouration to be quite common and distinctive during nocturnal surveys, and helpful in distinguishing it from other members of this genus. Further, this species is described as having ‘centre of tympanum dark without light spot’ (https://www.frogsofborneo.org/frogs/ranidae/meristogenys/ stenocephalus), but we found the centre of the tympanum to match the colouration on the side of the head, which was often beige or pale, not dark. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/1B/21/8A/1B218A74FFCC69744960FA23FB39FDB4.xml b/data/1B/21/8A/1B218A74FFCC69744960FA23FB39FDB4.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f20bd461e32 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/1B/21/8A/1B218A74FFCC69744960FA23FB39FDB4.xml @@ -0,0 +1,205 @@ + + + +Call descriptions of two species of Meristogenys (Anura: Ranidae) from Sabah, Malaysia with novel notes on species morphology + + + +Author + +Sheridan, Jennifer A. +Carnegie Museum of Natural History, 4400 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA +jasheridan@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Grafe, Ulmar +Environmental Life Sciences Program, Faculty of Science, University Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE 1410, Brunei Darussalam + + + +Author + +Márquez, Rafael +Fonoteca Zoológica, Dept. de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain + + + +Author + +Narins, Peter M. +Dept. of Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA, 621 Charles E. Young Drive S., Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA + + + +Author + +Vázquez-García, Pablo +Carnegie Museum of Natural History, 4400 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA + + + +Author + +Yambun, Paul +Sabah Parks Research and Education Division, Kinabalu Park, Zoology Unit, P. O. Box 10626, 88806 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia + +text + + +Raffles Bulletin of Zoology + + +2024 + +2024-10-28 + + +72 + + +356 +363 + + + +journal article +10.26107/RBZ-2024-0028 +2345-7600 +14682745 +ECD60777-BEC2-4E26-A3F1-E398F6A043E1 + + + + + +Meristogenys stigmachilus +. + + + + + +We recorded calls of +six males +on +5 March 2023 +at Mahua. All males were calling on vegetation within +1.5 m +of the ground, and within +3 m +of the stream edge, and close to a paved path alongside the stream between the park entrance and the Mahua waterfall. Males started calling around dusk, and calling activity seemed to be strongest in the first three hours after dusk. There was no rain during recording hours. Other species active and calling in the same vicinity included + +Huia cavitympanum + +, + +Leptolalax pictus + +, + +Meristogenys orphnocnemis + +, and at least one + +Ansonia +species. + +Recordings were between 3:07 and 9:23 min long, each with 1–30 calls at irregular intervals ( +Table 1 +). Visual inspection and measurements of dominant frequency, call duration, and delta frequency showed wide variation in call parameters and exact shape of calls ( +Fig. 2 +; supplementary material). For simplicity, we grouped calls into four broad +types +, but emphasise that three of the four groups contain variation in the exact call shape as well as in the dominant frequency, duration, and delta frequency. +Type +A: flat or slightly increasing, B: long slow decline, C: short rapid decline, and D: staccato. Due to the wide range of measured parameters within groups A–C, we report here the range of values observed rather than mean ± SE and provide data of each individual call in supplementary material. +Type +D (staccato) calls were much more consistent, with a dominant frequency of 3064.3 ± 63.9 (mean ± SE), consisting of 17.4 ± 3.3 pulses at a rate of 16.7 ± 0.3 pulses/sec. + + + +Table 3. Mean values of dominant frequency, duration, and frequency modulation of calls of + +M. stenocephalus +(Melanggong) + +. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+Call Type + +n + +Dominant frequency (Hz) + +Duration (s) + +Delta frequency (Hz) +
Sten-A (snake)34593.80.0764336.9
Sten-B (flat)42740.10.079771.4
Sten-C (concave)53656.30.0741590.4
Sten-D (decline)34151.30.0776228.0
+ + + +Fig. 2. Example calls of + +Meristogenys stigmachilus + +recorded at Mahua sub-station, Crocker Range National Park, Sabah, Malaysia, March 2023. A–D: call type A; E–H: call type B; I–L: call type C; M–O: call type D. + + + +Little has been published about this species beyond its initial description, and during repeated nocturnal surveys in 2022, the authors (JAS, PVG, and PY) noted that while existing records state that this species has fine dark spots or melanophores on the chest and throat ( +Inger et al., 2017 +) (https://www.frogsofborneo.org/frogs/ranidae/meristogenys/ stigmachilus), these spots only appear during the day or after preservation, while during nocturnal observations the chest and throat are white. Additionally, males and females were previously reported to be +43–50 mm +and +69–80 mm +SVL, respectively, but our observations included males of +45–53 mm +and females +82–84 mm +SVL. + + + + \ No newline at end of file