diff --git a/data/5E/45/87/5E4587BCCB5D2D63C9E2F8F6FD008B6F.xml b/data/5E/45/87/5E4587BCCB5D2D63C9E2F8F6FD008B6F.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..5bcb44ea9dd --- /dev/null +++ b/data/5E/45/87/5E4587BCCB5D2D63C9E2F8F6FD008B6F.xml @@ -0,0 +1,701 @@ + + + +Stauroneis kingstonii sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta: Naviculales), a new diatom species from the Black Swamp, Arkansas, USA + + + +Author + +Burge, David R. L. + + + +Author + +Marsico, Travis D. + + + +Author + +Edlund, Mark B. + +text + + +Phytotaxa + + +2015 + +2015-04-21 + + +205 + + +3 + + +177 +186 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.205.3.5 + +journal article +10.11646/phytotaxa.205.3.5 +1179-3163 +13639709 + + + + + +Stauroneis kingstonii +Burge, Marsico & Edlund + + +sp. nov. + +( +Figs 2–13 +) + + + + +Valves linear-lanceolate and relatively narrow with acutely rounded ends. Length 118.0–186.3 μm, breadth 14.7–20.1 μm. Axial area narrow at the apices, widening toward the stauros ( +Fig. 10 +). Central area with a rectangular stauros, slightly widening near the valve margins. Shortened striae not observed in the central area. Raphe fissures lateral, proximal endings nearly straight, and distinctly inflated ( +Fig. 10 +). Distal raphe ends hooked in a sickle shape toward the secondary side of the valve ( +Fig. 10 +). Striae radiate throughout, +11–13 in +10 μm. Areolae within striae distinct, +16–20 in +10 μm. For measurements, n = 44 valves. Pseudosepta were not observed. + + + + +Type:— + + +UNITED STATES +. + +Rex Hancock Black Swamp, Cache River +, near +Howell +, +Arkansas +, USA. Elevation + +58 m + +, +35°7’55.31”N +, +91°16’59.27”W +, collected + +21 June 2012 + +, +D.R.L. Burge +( +ANSP GC–65192 +, circled specimen, + +Type +! designated here + +(= +Fig. 3 +), prepared from material ANSP GCM—5694 + +; + +CANA–108109 +, + +isotype +! designated here + + +). + + + + +FIGURE 10. +Raphe features of + +Stauroneis kingstonii + +; lateral raphe branch and broad axial area, proximal raphe ends nearly straight, and distal raphe ends sickle-shaped. Scale bar = 10 μm. + + + + +Observations: +— + +Stauroneis kingstonii + +is distinguished among + +Stauroneis + +taxa by its large relatively narrow valves, acutely rounded apices, relatively course striae, lack of pseudosepta, and broad axial area. Characteristic of + +Stauroneis + +taxa, the internal distal raphe ends are slightly deflected to one side, and single rows of areolae are internally occluded by hymenes ( +Fig. 13 +). The internal proximal raphe ends terminate with a slight curve into the stauros, which is continuous across the central area. The siliceous thickenings of the axial area continue along the raphe to the apices ( +Fig. 12 +). + + + + + +Stauroneis kingstonii + +is distinct by its linear valve shape characterized by the high length:breadth ratio of 7.6 to 10.8 ( +Table 1 +). + +Stauroneis acuta + +also has a high length:breadth ratio; however, the valve outline of + +S. acuta + +is distinctly rhombic, the striae are more radiate, proximal raphe ends are curved, and the areolae are less dense when compared to + +S. kingstonii +. +Stauroneis beeskova + +also has a similar valve outline with a high length:breadth ratio; however, + +S. beeskova + +differs from + +S. kingstonii + +by the more radiate striae pattern occurring in greater density, and the length:breadth ratio is typically less. While + +S. baconiana + +and + +S. indianopsis + +have similar length ranges to + +S. kingstonii + +, both species have higher breadth ranges and striae densities in addition to more rostrate valve apices. + +Stauroneis indianopsis + +has distinctly curved proximal raphe endings, whereas in + +S. kingstonii + +they are only sometimes slightly bent. + +Stauroneis gremmenii + +is similar in length to + +S. kingstonii + +; however, the valves in + +S. gremmenii + +are wider, with rostrate apices, and greater striae density. With breadth and narrowly lanceolate valve outline similar to + +S. kingstonii +, +S. angustilancea + +differs by having curved raphe endings, shorter lengths, and lower length:breadth ratio, and protracted apices. + + + + +Ecology and biogeography: +—Habitat is epidendric or epipelic. + +Stauroneis kingstonii + +was found occurring at less than 1% abundance at over half of the bio-indicator sampling stations, predominantly in the downstream portion of the CRW (13 out of 24 stations; +Fig. 1 +, +Table 2 +). Recognizing that our sample size is too small to draw robust ecological tolerances, we note specimens were found on both epidendric substrates and in benthic samples, with seven occurrences each on + +Taxodium + +and in the benthic samples, but only two observations on + +Nyssa + +. Across the multiple substrates, other diatom taxa found at 5% or greater abundance in communities with + +S. kingstonii + +include: + +Achnanthes inflata +(Kützing) +Grunow (1867: 7) + +, + +Diadesmis confervacea +Kützing (1844: 109) + +, + +Eolimna tantula +(Hustedt) Lange-Bertalot (2004: 147) + +, + +Eunotia bilunaris +(Ehrenberg) Schaarschmidt (1880: 159) + +, + +E. metamonodon +Lange-Bertalot (2011: 153) + +, + +Frustulia vulgaris +(Thwaites) +De Toni (1891: 280) + +, + +Gomphonema gracile +Ehrenberg (1838: 217) + +, + +Humidophila contenta +(Grunow) Lowe, Kociolek, Johansen, Van de Vijver, Lange-Bertalot & Kopalová (2014: 357) + +, + +Lemnicola hungarica +(Grunow) F.E.Round & P.W.Basson (1997: 77) + +, + +Nitzschia amphibia +Grunow (1862: 574) + +, and + +N. palea +(Kützing) W. +Smith (1856: 89) + +( +Burge 2014 +). + + +Wetlands were slightly acidic to circumneutral, and + +S. kingstonii + +tolerated both low dissolved oxygen conditions and elevated nutrients ( +Table 3 +). The lack of forest buffer and increased turbidity in the wetlands suggests some tolerance of + +S. kingstonii + +to moderate disturbance. Consistent with most + +Stauroneis + +taxa, + +S. kingstonii + +occurred predominantly in freshwater wetlands, with a few observations in fresh-brackish wetlands (range: 71.2–537.0 μS +cm-1 +; +Table 3 +). As this is the first description of the species, knowledge about its full ecological niche and biogeographical distribution is preliminary. + + + + +TABLE 1 +. Morphometric comparisons among + +Stauroneis kingstonii + +(n=44), + +S. acuta + +, + +S. angustilancea + +, + +S. baconiana + +, + +S. beeskova + +, + +S. gremmenii + +, and + +S. indianopsis + +. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+S. kingstonii + + +S. acuta + +1 + + +S. angustilancea + +2 + + +S. baconiana + +2 + + +S. beeskova + +2 + + +S. gremmenii + +1 + + +S. indianopsis + +2 +
Valve length (μm)118 –186.3130–18085–115115–14093–133119–152105–163
Valve breadth14.7–20.125–3214–1715–2214–2022–2420–27
(μm)
L:B Ratio7.59–10.85.3–6.75.2–6.67.6–9.36.5–7.75.1–6.35.0–6.4
Striae in 10 μm11–1315–1617–2016–2221–2416–1816–17
Areola in 10 μm16–2014–1616–1816–2218–2217–1816–18
Valve outlinelinear-lanceolaterhombic-lanceolatenarrowly lanceolaterhombic-lanceolatenarrowly lanceolatelanceolate to linear-lanceolate, undulate marginslinear-lanceolate
Apicesacutely-roundedbroadly rounded non-protractedrounded, protractedrostrate to sub-capitaterounded, subtly protracted,rostrate, strongly non-abruptly protractedpinched, barely protracted
Proximal Raphenearly straightcurvedcurvednearly straightnearly straightstraight, clearly expandedcurved
Striationradiate, strongly near the apicesradiate to strongly radiateradiateradiatesteeply radiatemoderately radiate in the middle, strongly towards the apicesradiate, strongly near the apices
+ + + +1 +Van de Vijver et al. 2004 +, +2 +Bahls 2010 + + + + +TABLE 2 +. Location, date, and percent abundance of + +Stauroneis kingstonii + +on + +Taxodium distichum + +(bald cypress), + +Nyssa aquatica + +(water tupelo), and benthic substrates. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
StationDateLatitudeLongitudeBald cypressWater tupeloBenthic
1128 Jun 201235.16688-91.30278-0.30.2
14*21 Jun 201235.13203-91.28310.50.2-
1625 Jun 201235.05811-91.29320.2--
1725 Jun 201235.00391-91.311390.2--
1822 Jun 201234.97034-91.30892--0.5
3820 Jun 201235.85646-90.92--0.2
5622 Jun 201235.29561-91.296570.2--
8626 Jun 201234.87577-91.389570.2--
8725 Jun 201234.89798-91.38904--0.5
30028 Jun 201234.97073-91.2982--0.7
40125 Jun 201234.794638-91.3898220.2-0.2
50027 Jun 201234.8601-91.337<0.1--
80028 Jun 201234.80901-91.37873--0.5
+ + +*: Type locality +-: Absent + + + +Etymology: +— + +Stauroneis kingstonii + +honors the diatomist John C. Kingston (1949–2004). Initially a student and then a regular visitor to the +Iowa +Lakeside Laboratory +Diatom Ecology and Systematics +course, Dr. Kingston is honored for his lifetime of contributions to diatom research by a teaching assistant fellowship, under which this work was conducted. As a diatom distinct within the genus, + +S. kingstonii + +is appropriately named in honor a scientist who stood out among his peers ( +Stoermer & Smol 2004 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file