From a4f5d3342f5e6f81af03f8b01e7a2eaf2e5d6da3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ggserver Date: Fri, 20 Dec 2024 12:24:37 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Add updates up until 2024-12-20 12:18:30 --- .../87/C83887DDFFB5875DE5C38D81FDC39799.xml | 95 -- .../87/C83887DDFFB5875EE5C38D81FD8B90AF.xml | 88 ++ .../87/C83887DDFFB68757E5C38E96FD0590DF.xml | 1039 ++++++++++++++++ .../87/C83887DDFFBD8748E5C38DCBFD27938E.xml | 1071 +++++++++++++++++ 4 files changed, 2198 insertions(+), 95 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 data/C8/38/87/C83887DDFFB5875DE5C38D81FDC39799.xml create mode 100644 data/C8/38/87/C83887DDFFB5875EE5C38D81FD8B90AF.xml create mode 100644 data/C8/38/87/C83887DDFFB68757E5C38E96FD0590DF.xml create mode 100644 data/C8/38/87/C83887DDFFBD8748E5C38DCBFD27938E.xml diff --git a/data/C8/38/87/C83887DDFFB5875DE5C38D81FDC39799.xml b/data/C8/38/87/C83887DDFFB5875DE5C38D81FDC39799.xml deleted file mode 100644 index d94fbff88da..00000000000 --- a/data/C8/38/87/C83887DDFFB5875DE5C38D81FDC39799.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,95 +0,0 @@ - - - -Two new species of Sigambra (Annelida, Pilargidae) from the Andaman coast and the Gulf of Thailand - - - -Author - -Plathong, Jintana -Marine Ecosearch Management Co., Ltd., & Namnoi, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand. & Marine Science Leaning Center, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand. - - - -Author - -Plathong, Sakanan -Marine Science Leaning Center, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand. - - - -Author - -Klangnurak, Wanlada -Department of Animal Production Technology and Fishery, School of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand. - - - -Author - -Dean, Harlan K. -Marine Ecosearch Management Co., Ltd., & / 31 Moo & Museum of Comparative Zoology, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, 26 Oxford St. Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. & Marine Ecosearch Management Co., Ltd., & Namnoi, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand. - -text - - -Zootaxa - - -2024 - -2024-12-17 - - -5555 - - -1 - - -1 -23 - - - - -https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5555.1.1 - -journal article -10.11646/zootaxa.5555.1.1 -1175-5326 -14508418 -72770210-D654-4E6A-922B-B49EC990BE37 - - - - - - -Genus - -Sigambra -Müller, 1858 - - - - - - - -Diagnosis -(after -Glasby & Salazar-Vallejo 2022 -). Pilargids with body depressed, integument smooth to papillated, papillae restricted to anterior segments, arranged in a single transverse row per segment. Lateral and median cirriform antennae present. Palps unfused, biarticulate, palpostyles directed ventrally. Paired ventrolateral palpal papillae present. Pharynx with distal terminal papillae as well as proximal papillae. Two pairs of tentacular cirri. Dorsal and ventral cirri present, ventral cirri may be absent on chaetiger 2. Notochaetae include hooks and sometimes shorter spines or capillaries; dorsal hooks present along the body, beginning in anterior or median regions. Neurochaetae limbate capillaries of varying size. - - - -TABLE 3. -Taxa and their NCBI accession numbers for the COI and 16S rDNA sequences used to construct phylogenetic - - -trees and calculate sequence divergences. - - - \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/C8/38/87/C83887DDFFB5875EE5C38D81FD8B90AF.xml b/data/C8/38/87/C83887DDFFB5875EE5C38D81FD8B90AF.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..7d901d00c40 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/C8/38/87/C83887DDFFB5875EE5C38D81FD8B90AF.xml @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ + + + +Two new species of Sigambra (Annelida, Pilargidae) from the Andaman coast and the Gulf of Thailand + + + +Author + +Plathong, Jintana +Marine Ecosearch Management Co., Ltd., & Namnoi, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand. & Marine Science Leaning Center, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand. + + + +Author + +Plathong, Sakanan +Marine Science Leaning Center, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand. + + + +Author + +Klangnurak, Wanlada +Department of Animal Production Technology and Fishery, School of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand. + + + +Author + +Dean, Harlan K. +Marine Ecosearch Management Co., Ltd., & / 31 Moo & Museum of Comparative Zoology, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, 26 Oxford St. Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. & Marine Ecosearch Management Co., Ltd., & Namnoi, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand. + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2024 + +2024-12-17 + + +5555 + + +1 + + +1 +23 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5555.1.1 + +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5555.1.1 +1175-5326 +14508418 +72770210-D654-4E6A-922B-B49EC990BE37 + + + + + + +Genus + +Sigambra +Müller, 1858 + + + + + + + +Diagnosis +(after +Glasby & Salazar-Vallejo 2022 +). Pilargids with body depressed, integument smooth to papillated, papillae restricted to anterior segments, arranged in a single transverse row per segment. Lateral and median cirriform antennae present. Palps unfused, biarticulate, palpostyles directed ventrally. Paired ventrolateral palpal papillae present. Pharynx with distal terminal papillae as well as proximal papillae. Two pairs of tentacular cirri. Dorsal and ventral cirri present, ventral cirri may be absent on chaetiger 2. Notochaetae include hooks and sometimes shorter spines or capillaries; dorsal hooks present along the body, beginning in anterior or median regions. Neurochaetae limbate capillaries of varying size. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/C8/38/87/C83887DDFFB68757E5C38E96FD0590DF.xml b/data/C8/38/87/C83887DDFFB68757E5C38E96FD0590DF.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..7e3f765341a --- /dev/null +++ b/data/C8/38/87/C83887DDFFB68757E5C38E96FD0590DF.xml @@ -0,0 +1,1039 @@ + + + +Two new species of Sigambra (Annelida, Pilargidae) from the Andaman coast and the Gulf of Thailand + + + +Author + +Plathong, Jintana +Marine Ecosearch Management Co., Ltd., & Namnoi, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand. & Marine Science Leaning Center, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand. + + + +Author + +Plathong, Sakanan +Marine Science Leaning Center, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand. + + + +Author + +Klangnurak, Wanlada +Department of Animal Production Technology and Fishery, School of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand. + + + +Author + +Dean, Harlan K. +Marine Ecosearch Management Co., Ltd., & / 31 Moo & Museum of Comparative Zoology, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, 26 Oxford St. Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. & Marine Ecosearch Management Co., Ltd., & Namnoi, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand. + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2024 + +2024-12-17 + + +5555 + + +1 + + +1 +23 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5555.1.1 + +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5555.1.1 +1175-5326 +14508418 +72770210-D654-4E6A-922B-B49EC990BE37 + + + + + + + +Sigambra pakbaraensis + +sp. nov. + + + + + + +Figs 2–5 + + + + + +Material examined. + +Andaman Coast, southern + +Thailand +. + +Intertidal zone at +Pak Bara +, +Mu Ko Phetra National Park +; +muddy sediments mixed with sand +; coll. +Marine National Park Operation Center +; +Libong Island +, seagrass beds, coll. Marine Ecosearch Management Company. 58 specimens. +Holotype +: +PSUZC-POL-0423 +, Sta. PAKC2 (B2) ( +6°51’8”N +, +99°43’38”E +), + +16 Nov. 2019 + + + +. + +57 +paratypes +: +Pak Bara +, mudflat; +PSUZC-POL-0424 +(3), Sta. PAK-1B (B3) (6°51’25”, 99°43’11”), + +20 Jan. 2018 + + +; + +PSUZC-POL-0425 +(7, 4 on SEM stubs), Sta. PAK-2A (B1) ( +6°51’22.19”N +, +99°43’14”E +) + +; + +PSUZC-POL-0426 +(3), Sta. PAK-2B (B2) ( +6°51’20”N +, +99°43’12”E +) + +; + +Sta. PAK-2C ( +6°51’18”N +, +99°43’10”E +): +PSUZC-POL-0427 +(4, 1 on SEM stub) + +, + +Sta. PAK-2C (B1); +PSUZC-POL-0428 +(3) + +; + +Sta. PAK-2C (B2); +PSUZC-POL-0429 +(3) + +, + +Sta. PAK-3C (B3); Sta. PAK-C2 ( +6°51’08”N +, +99°43’38”E +), + +16 Nov. 2019 + + +: + +PSUZC-POL-0430 +(3), Sta. PAK-C2 (B1) + +; + +PSUZC-POL-0431 +(5), Sta. PAK-C2 (B3) + +; + +Libong Island +, + +19 Jan. 2022 + +: +PSUZC-POL-0432 +(2), Sta. PC2 ( +7°15’55”N +, +99°25’54”E +) + +; + +PSUZC-POL-0433 +(3), Sta. PC3 ( +7°15’52”N +, +99°25’53”E +); + +20 Jan. 2022 + +; + + +PSUZC-POL-0434 +(1), Sta. PC4 ( +7°15’54”N +, +99°25’58”E +) + +; + +PSUZC-POL-0435 +(1), Sta. HT2 (7°15’19”, 99°27’37”) + +; +18 specimens +fixed for DNA analyses, +Pak Bara +, mudflat, + +1–2 Dec. 2020 + +: PSUZC-POL-0700 (5 fixed for DNA analyses, 2 used), +Sta. +PAK-C2 ( +6°51’08”N +, +99°43’38”E +); PSUZC-POL-0701 (2 fixed for DNA analyses, used), +Sta. +PAK-B2 ( +6°51’08”N +, +99°43’38”E +), + +2 Dec. 2020 + +; PSUZC-POL-0702 (3 fixed for DNA analyses, 1 used), +Sta. +PAK-A2 ( +6°51’09”N +, +99°43’33”E +); PSUZC-POL-0703 (2 fixed for DNA analyses used), +Sta. +PAK-L2S3 ( +6°51’14”N +, +99°43’17”E +); PSUZC-POL-0704 (6 fixed for DNA analyses), +Sta. +PAK-L3S2 ( +6°51’16”N +, +99°43’12”E +); +AM +W.52916 (2), Sta. PAK-S2 ( +6°51’09”N +, +99°43’34”E +), + +4 Jul. 2019 + +, mudflat. + + + +FIGURE 2. + +Sigambra pakbaraensis + + +sp. nov. + +light photographs (A, holotype: PSUZC-POL-0423; B, PSUZC-POL-0433). A. Whole specimen, anterior lateral view, posterior flips; B. Same, anterior dorsal view, posterior flips. Abbreviations: 1 +st +dc, first dorsal cirrus; la, lateral antenna; ma, median antenna; py, pygidium; tc, tentacular cirri; tp, terminal papilla; vpp, ventrolateral palpal papilla. + + + + +FIGURE 3. + +Sigambra pakbaraensis + + +sp. nov. + +(A–D, PSUZC-POL-0425). A. Anterior region, dorsal view; B. Same, ventral view; C. Prostomium, dorsal view; D. Same, frontal view. Abbreviations: 1 +st +dc, first dorsal cirrus; 1 +st +dh, first dorsal hook; dc, dorsal cirrus; la, lateral antenna; ldp, lateral distal papilla; ma, median antenna; pa, palp; pap, papilla; tc, tentacular cirri; tp, terminal papilla; vc, ventral cirrus; vg, ventral groove; vpp, ventrolateral palpal papilla. + + + +Additional material +. +596 specimens +. Pak Bara intertidal zone (412 specs.): +21 Oct. 2017 +, 323 specs.: 4 specs., Sta. PAK-1A ( +6°51’25”N +, +99°43’11”E +); 10 specs., Sta. PAK-2C ( +6°51’18”N +, +99°43’10”E +); 6 specs., Sta. PAK-3B ( +6°51’16”N +, +99°43’16”E +); +20 Jan. 2018 +, 5 specs., Sta. PAK-1A ( +6°51’25”N +, +99°43’11”E +); 13 specs., Sta. PAK-1B ( +6°51’23”N +, +99°43’09”E +); 2 specs., +Sta. +PAK-1C ( +6°51’20”N +, +99°43’08”E +); 2 specs., +Sta. +PAK-2A ( +6°51’22”N +, +99°43’14”E +), 81 specs., +Sta. +PAK-2B ( +6°51’20”N +, +99°43’12”E +); 64 specs., +Sta. +PAK-2C ( +6°51’18”N +, +99°43’10”E +); 19 specs., +Sta. +PAK-3A ( +6°51’18”N +, +99°43’18”E +); 73 specs., +Sta. +PAK-3B ( +6°51’16”N +, +99°43’16”E +); 44 specs., +Sta. +PAK-3C ( +6°51’14”N +, +99°43’14”E +); + +2 Feb. 2024 + +: 16 specs., +Sta. +PAK-A ( +6°51’13”N +, +99°43’24”E +), 2 specs., +Sta. +PAK-B ( +6°51’13”N +, +99°43’27”E +), 9 specs., +Sta. +PAK-C ( +6°51’12”N +, +99°43’28”E +); + +3 Feb. 2024 + +: 27 specs. +Sta. +PAK-D1 ( +6°51’11”N +, +99°43’29”E +), 15 specs., +Sta. +PAK-D2 ( +6°51’10”N +, +99°43’28”E +), +1 spec. +Sta. PAK-D3 ( +6°51’08”N +, +99°43’28”E +); + +4 Feb. 2024 + +: 10 specs, +Sta. +PAK-E1 ( +6°51’10”N +, +99°43’34”E +), 8 specs., +Sta. +PAK-E2 ( +6°51’08”N +, +99°43’35”E +), +1 spec. +Sta. PAK-E3 ( +6°51’07”N +, +99°43’34”E +). +Ao Nun +, intertidal zone (33 specs.): + +3 Feb. 2024 + +, 20 specs., +Sta. Phetra +1 ( +6°50’06”N +, +99°45’20”E +); + +7 Feb. 2024 + +, 9 specs., +Sta. Phetra +2 ( +6°50’08”N +, +99°45’20”E +); 4 specs., +Sta. Phetra +3 ( +6°50’13”N +, +99°45’22”E +). +Pak Bara Bay +(6 specs.): + +17 Feb. 2018 + +, +1 spec. +, +Sta. +PAK05 ( +6°50’33”N +, +99°43’07”E +), + +2.7 m + +; 4 specs., +Sta. +PAK06 ( +6°50’14”N +, +99°43’59”E +), + +6.4 m + +; +1 spec. +, +Sta. +PAK07 ( +6°49’12”N +, +99°42’50”E +), + + +3 m + +. + +Libong Island +, seagrass bed (intertidal zone) (145 specs.): 17 specs., +Sta. +HT ( +7°15’20”N +, +99°27’36”E +); 6 specs., +Sta. +KN ( +7°16’09”N +, +99°27’20”E +); 51 specs., +Sta. +MT +( +7°17’46”N +, +99°25’13”E +); 5 specs., +Sta. +NK ( +7°13’08”N +, +99°23’50”E +); 56 specs., +Sta. +PC1 ( +7°15’57”N +, +99°25’56”E +); 7 specs., +Sta. +PL1 +( +7°13’58”N +, +99°26’38”E +); 3 specs., +Sta. +TG1 ( +7°13’49”N +, +99°24’31”E +). + + + + +Diagnosis. + +Sigambra + +with median antenna reaching to chaetiger 4, 1.9–2.7 times as long as lateral antennae; dorsal cirri larger than ventral cirri; chaetiger 2 lacking ventral cirri; notopodia with dorsal hook from chaetiger 8; capillary chaetae in middle–posterior chaetigers; pharynx with 14 marginal papillae. + + + + +Description. +Holotype +complete, largest specimen +14.2 mm +long and +1 mm +wide, 102 chaetigers ( +Fig. 2A +). +Paratypes +, complete specimens +5.3–8.2 mm +long, +0.5–0.8 mm +wide, 45–84 chaetigers; incomplete specimens, +3.2– 5.5 mm +long, +0.5–0.7 mm +wide, 31–56 chaetigers. + + +Eighteen paratypes +were fixed for DNA analyses, seven complete specimens used for whole body extraction.All specimens with pharynx everted possessing 14 terminal papillae, first dorsal hooks from chaetiger 8 and notopodial capillary chaetae present. Others characters not observed. + + +Body elongate, annulated, tapering posteriorly; anterior region with deep transverse grooves, integument with small papillae on dorsal parapodia surface. Ventral groove present from chaetiger 4 ( +Fig. 3B +). Noto-capillaries start from chaetiger 83 ( +19–67 in +paratypes +). Specimens white, or light tan–light brown in alcohol ( +Fig. 2A–B +). + + +Prostomium short, wider than long, trilobed, median lobe blunt and lateral lobes with curved tips ( +Fig. 3A, C–D +). Three long cirriform antennae with basal ceratophore located on posterior of prostomium. Median antenna located on median lobe at posterior edge of prostomium, extending to chaetiger 3 (chaetigers +2–5 in +paratypes +), twice longer than lateral antennae (499 μm: 245 μm) (2–2.7 times in +paratypes +) ( +Figs 2A–B +, +3A, C–D +, +4A +). Eyespots absent. Prostomium separated from peristomium by shallow transverse groove ( +Fig. 3A, C +). + + +Palps biarticulate, palpophores large, palpostyles small, terminating in small digitate ventrolateral papillae, palpophores with oblique ciliated band ( +Figs 2B +, +3B, D +). + + +Pharynx with 14 heteromorphic terminal papillae, five smaller along mid-dorsal area, four larger lateral, two per side, and 5 ventral alternating in size, two smaller, three larger ( +Fig. 3B +; other specimens with less heteromorphic papillae, +Fig. 3D +). + + +Peristomium annulated, 5–6.2 times wider than long, slightly longer than following segment; anterior peristomium with two pairs of tentacular cirri, dorsal tentacular cirri slightly longer than ventral tentacular cirri. Transverse band of uniseriate papillae on mid-peristomium ( +Figs 3A, C +, +4A +), posterior margin of peristomium separated from anterior part and first chaetiger by a deep transverse groove. + + +Parapodial cirri triangular, longer than wide. Dorsal cirri long, cylindrical, longer than ventral cirri throughout. First dorsal cirrus reaching chaetiger 5 (chaetigers +3–6 in +paratypes +). Chaetiger 2 with tiny dorsal cirri, without ventral cirri. Dorsal and ventral cirri with rows of pores along dorsal and ventral sides ( +Fig. 4A, C +). + + +Parapodia sub-biramous, notopodia reduced, neuropodia well-developed. First dorsal hooks from chaetiger +8 in +all specimens ( +Figs 3A +, +4A +) continuing along body to last two pre-pygidial chaetigers; dorsal hooks longer in posterior chaetigers. Chaetigers 1–7 without hooks, notopodia with acicular and dorsal cirri; dorsal hooks accompanied by acicula from chaetiger 8 onwards to middle chaetigers; notopodia with single dorsal hook and one capillary chaeta from chaetiger 86 to posterior chaetigers, dorsal hooks longer in posterior chaetigers ( +Figs 3A, C +, +4A, D–E +). Parapodial glands present. + + +Neurochaetae present from chaetiger 1, neurochaetae with numerous limbate capillaries, up to 40 per fascicle, of various +types +and sizes, especially in middle chaetigers ( +Fig. 5A–D +). + + + +FIGURE 4. + +Sigambra pakbaraensis + + +sp. nov. + +(PSUZC-POL-0425) A. Anterior region, lateral view; B. Close up of body papillae, lateral view; C. Close up of pores on dorsal cirrus, dorsal view; D. Midbody notopodia, arrows point to gonopores, lateral view; E. Far posterior notopodium, dorsal view. Abbreviations: 1 +st +dc, first dorsal cirrus; cc, capillary notochaeta; dc, dorsal cirrus; dh, dorsal hook; la, lateral antenna; ma, median antenna; pap, papilla; tc, tentacular cirri. + + + + +FIGURE 5. + +Sigambra pakbaraensis + + +sp. nov. + +A. Anterior neurochaetae, ventral view; B. Close-up of pectinate chaetae, lateral view; C–E. Close up of various types of limbate capillary chaetae, lateral view; C. Short teeth chaeta; D. Inferior limbate chaeta with thin and long teeth, lateral view; E. Long limbate chaeta; F. Posterior end, dorsal view. Abbreviations: cc, capillary notochaeta; dh, dorsal hook; lc, limbate chaeta. + + + +Holotype +and +paratypes +mature females, with oocytes ( +Fig. 2A, B +), hypertrophied gonopores occur ventral of parapodia located between dorsal cirrus and neuropodia in +paratypes +( +Fig. 4D +). + + +Pygidium with two slender, elongate lateral anal cirri (579 µm in length, left side), reaches to chaetiger 10 from posterior end (chaetigers +6 to 10 in +paratypes +) ( +Figs 2A–B +, +5F +). + + +Variations. +Additional materials included large specimens and juveniles. All show first dorsal hooks fixed at chaetiger 8 and 14 pharynx marginal papillae. Notopodial capillary present. Other characters not observed. + + + + +Etymology. +This species was named after Pak Bara, the locality where the specimens were collected for the first time. + + +Habitat. +The intertidal zone at Pak Bara, Mu Ko Phetra National Park; seagrass bed in Andaman coast of Southern +Thailand +(fine muddy and fine sand sediments). + + + + +Distribution. +Only known from the Andaman Coast, Southern +Thailand +( +Fig. 1 +). + + +Genetic data +. GenBank OP437496-OP437498 for COI and OP445021-OP445024 for 16S—no identical matches on GenBank for COI or 16S. + + + + +Remarks. + +Sigambra pakbaraensis + + +sp. nov. + +belongs to the group of + +Sigambra + +which lack ventral cirri at chaetiger 2, have 14 pharyngeal papillae, and notopodial capillary chaetae ( +Table 1 +). It resembles the species in subgroup A ( +Day 1963 +; +Hartman 1945 +; +Kitamori 1960 +; +Licher & Westheide 1997 +; + +Salazar-Vallejo +et al. +2019 + +; Southern 1921; +Treadwell 1941 +) by the presence of 14 pharyngeal papillae and notopodial capillary: + +S. bassi +Hartman, 1945 + +, + +S. constricta + +Southern, 1921, + +S. diazi +Salazar-Vallejo, Rizzo, León-González & Brauko, 2019 + +, + +S. hanaokai +Kitamori, 1960 + +, + +S. parva +Day, 1963 + +, + +S. phuketensis +Licher & Westheide, 1997 + +, and + +S. tentaculata +Treadwell, 1941 + +( +Table 1 +). However, it differs from all those species in the subgroup by having its first dorsal hook at chaetiger 8. Whereas other species have first dorsal hooks at chaetigers 3–5 and chaetigers 15–40 ( +Hartman 1945 +; +Licher & Westheide 1997 +; +Moreira & Parapar 2002 +; + +Nishi +et al. +2007 + +; + +Salazar-Vallejo +et al. +2019 + +; Southern 1921) ( +Table 1 +). + +Pores on the dorsal and ventral cirri are herein described for the first time, these pores may or may not open and close. + +Phylogenetic analysis. +A phylogenetic tree was generated from each of 3 COI and +4 16S +rDNA sequences of + +S. pakbaraensis + + +sp. nov. + +and other related taxa ( +Figs 6–7 +). DNA barcoding assessments in both COI and 16s rDNA clearly classified all + +S. pakbaraensis + + +sp. nov. + +samples to the + +Sigambra + +clade. All + +S. pakbaraensis + + +sp. nov. + +samples were designated to a monophyletic clade. The + +S. magnuncus + +clade was the sister group. The COI data revealed that the clade of +Pilargidae +does not cluster with the +Microphthalmidae +. + +S. pakbaraensis + + +sp. nov. + +forms the sister clade with other + +Sigambra +species + +, but with low bootstrap support. In contrast, the 16S rDNA phylogenetic tree shows that + +S. pakbaraensis + + +sp. nov. + +is distinctly clustered from other + +Sigambra +species + +, supported by high bootstrap values, with the + +Sigambra + +clade clearly separated from other families. These findings, based on both COI and 16S rDNA gene analyses, provide strong molecular evidence that + +S. pakbaraensis + + +sp. nov. + +represents a genetically distinct species within the genus + +Sigambra + +. The genetic divergence observed across both markers highlights the evolutionary separation of + +S. pakbaraensis + + +sp. nov. + +from other + +Sigambra + +in the available sequence databases, supporting its designation as a new species. + + +Inter- and intraspecific genetic distances of + +Sigambra +spp. + +were investigated from both COI and 16S rDNA sequences. For the COI gene, nucleotide substitutions occurred at eight positions within the 429-bp fragment, and all positions were singleton variables leading to 1.86% intraspecific genetic distances for + +S. pakbaraensis + + +sp. nov. + +Intraspecific variation from the closest related species, + +S. magnuncus + +, was 4.2%. The average interspecific distance between the + +S. pakbaraensis + + +sp. nov. + +clade and the + +S. magnuncus + +clade was 22.29%, while differences between the proposed new species and + +S. parva + +and + +S. +cf. +tentaculata + +were 20.59% and 17.87%, respectively. + + +For the 16S rDNA gene, nucleotide substitutions occurred at five positions within the 444-bp fragment, and all positions were singleton variables, leading to 1.13% intraspecific genetic distances for + +S. pakbaraensis + + +sp. nov. + +, whereas the distance for + +S. magnuncus + +was 1.78%. The average interspecific distance between the + +S. pakbaraensis + + +sp. nov. + +clade and the + +S. magnuncus + +clade was 22.7%. + + +Since there is no recorded genetic data for + +S. sundarbanensis + +, a comparison with the new species cannot be made based on DNA analysis. We were able to separate + +S. pakbaraensis + + +sp. nov. + +from + +S. sundarbanensis + +by the presence of notopodial capillary chaetae in the new species. This is a major morphological character that is absent in + +S. sundarbanensis +( + +Bhowmik +et al., +2021 + +) + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/C8/38/87/C83887DDFFBD8748E5C38DCBFD27938E.xml b/data/C8/38/87/C83887DDFFBD8748E5C38DCBFD27938E.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..94bcfec1ffa --- /dev/null +++ b/data/C8/38/87/C83887DDFFBD8748E5C38DCBFD27938E.xml @@ -0,0 +1,1071 @@ + + + +Two new species of Sigambra (Annelida, Pilargidae) from the Andaman coast and the Gulf of Thailand + + + +Author + +Plathong, Jintana +Marine Ecosearch Management Co., Ltd., & Namnoi, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand. & Marine Science Leaning Center, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand. + + + +Author + +Plathong, Sakanan +Marine Science Leaning Center, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand. + + + +Author + +Klangnurak, Wanlada +Department of Animal Production Technology and Fishery, School of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand. + + + +Author + +Dean, Harlan K. +Marine Ecosearch Management Co., Ltd., & / 31 Moo & Museum of Comparative Zoology, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, 26 Oxford St. Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. & Marine Ecosearch Management Co., Ltd., & Namnoi, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand. + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2024 + +2024-12-17 + + +5555 + + +1 + + +1 +23 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5555.1.1 + +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5555.1.1 +1175-5326 +14508418 +72770210-D654-4E6A-922B-B49EC990BE37 + + + + + + + +Sigambra sirilukae + +sp. nov. + + + + + + +Figs 8–11 + + + + +Material examined. + + +Thailand +, +Gulf of Thailand +, +Songkhla +Sea. + +Fifty-three specimens, coll. +Marine Ecosearch Management Company +and +Tetra Tech Inc. +, mud mixed with sand and shell fragments. +Holotype +: +PSUZC-POL-0236 +, Sta. S10–3 ( +7°28’32”N +, +100°36’22”E +), + +5 Jun. 2010 + +, + +18.5 m + + +. + +52 +paratypes +: +PSUZC-POL-0237–0239 +(5), Sta. S01 ( +7°46’29”N +, +100°24’42”E +), + +9.5 m + +: + +16 Oct. 2013 + +(1 on SEM stub) + +, + +8 Oct. 2014 +(3, 1 on SEM stub), +16 Mar. 2016 +(1); +PSUZC-POL-0240 +(1), Sta. S02 ( +7°31’44”N +, +100°28’15”E +), + +12 Sep. 2016 + +, + +10 m + + +; + +PSUZC-POL-0241–0243 +(3), Sta. S03 ( +7°21’02”N +, +100°31’45”E +), + +9 m + +: + +30 Jan. 2012 + +(1), + +11 Oct. 2012 + +(1), + +2 Jun. 2013 + +(1) + +; + +PSUZC-POL-0244–0248 +(5, 4 on SEM stubs), Sta. S04 ( +7°49’22”N +, +100°29’11”E +), + +17.5 m + +: + +11 Oct. 2012 + +(1 on SEM stub), + +12 Mar. 2013 + +(1 on SEM stub), + +1 Jun. 2013 + +(1 on SEM stub), + +3 Mar. 2015 + +(1), + +14 Oct. 2015 + +(1 on SEM stub) + +; + +PSUZC-POL-0249–0252 +(7, 2 on SEM stubs), Sta. S06 ( +7°20’10”N +, +100°36’59”E +), + +15.5 m + +: + +3 Mar. 2011 + +(1 on SEM stub), + +10 Oct 2012 + +(3, 1 on SEM stub), + +2 Jun. 2013 + +(2), + +6 Feb. 2014 + +(1) + +; + +PSUZC-POL-0253 +(1), Sta. S31 ( +7°29’27”N +, +100°31’22”E +), + +11 Sep. 2011 + +, + +13 m + + +; + +PSUZC-POL-0254 +(1), Sta. S69 ( +7°30’17”N +, +100°40’50”E +), + +16 Sep. 2014 + +, + +21.6 m + + +; + +PSUZC-POL-0255 +(1), Sta. S46 ( +7°40’58”N +, +100°29’39”E +), + +22 Feb. 2015 + +, 14.5 + +; + +PSUZC-POL-0256 +(1), Sta. S53 ( +7°27’59”N +, +100°31’47”E +), + +23 Feb. 2015 + +, + +14.3 m + + +; + +PSUZC-POL-0257 +(1), Sta. S28 ( +7°25’55”N +, +100°33’35”E +), + +23 Feb. 2015 + +, + +14.2 m + + +; + +PSUZC-POL-0258 +(2), Sta. S29 ( +7°23’18”N +, +100°34’20”E +), + +24 Feb 2015 + +, + +13.4 m + + +; + +PSUZC-POL-0259 +(1), Sta. S63 ( +7°30’40”N +, +100°35’01”E +), + +8 Oct. 2015 + +, + +16.5 m + + +; + +PSUZC-POL-0260 +(1), Sta. S45 ( +7°47’46”N +, +100°28’10”E +), + +23 Feb 2015 + +, + +14.3 m + + +; + +AM W.52917 +(1), Sta. S29 ( +7°23’18”N +, +100°34’20”E +), + +27 Jan. 2015 + +, + +13.4 m + + +; + +AM W.52918 +(1), Sta. S09-1 ( +7°32’13”N +, +100°42’42”E +), + +8 Mar. 2014 + +, + + +24 m + +. + + + + + +Additional materials +. +Gulf +of +Thailand +, +Songkhla +Sea. + +64 specimens +: 8 specs., +Sta. S +01 (same locality as paratypes): + +21 Feb. 2013 + +(1), + +1 Jun. 2013 + +(3), + +8 Oct. 2014 + +(2), + +26 Feb. 2015 + +(1), + +14 Oct. 2015 + +(1); 15 specs., +Sta. S +02 (same locality as +paratypes +): + +29 Jan. 2012 + +(1), + +11 Oct. 2012 + +(1), + +21 Feb. 2013 + +(3), + +2 Jun. 2013 + +(4), + +17 Oct. 2013 + +(2), + +6 Feb. 2014 + +(2), + +5 Jun. 2014 + +(2); 15 specs., +Sta. +S03 (same locality as +paratypes +): + +30 Jan. 2012 + +(3), + +24 May 2012 + +(1), + +20 Feb. 2013 + +(2); + +6 Feb. 2014 + +(3), + +21 May 2015 + +(1), + +17 May 2016 + +(4), + +18 Oct. 2016 + +(1); 10 specs., +Sta. +S04 (same locality as +paratypes +): + +11 Oct. 2012 + +(1), + +21 Feb. 2013 + +(2), + +1 Jun. 2013 + +(1), + +16 Oct. 2013 + +(2); + +5 Feb. 2014 + +(3), + +4 Jun. 2014 + +(1); 9 specs., +Sta. +S06 (same locality as +paratypes +): + +30 Jan. 2012 + +(1), + +6 Feb. 2014 + +(3), + +12 Feb. 2015 + +(3), + +19 May 2015 + +(2); +1 spec. +, +Sta. S +07 (same locality as paratypes), + +16 Oct. 2013 + +; 3 specs., +Sta. S +09 (same locality as +paratypes +): + +17 Mar. 2013 + +(1), + +18 Mar. 2013 + +(2); +1 spec. +, +Sta. +S12 ( +7°34’19”N +, +100°36’34”E +), + +4 Mar. 2014 + +, + +20 m + +; +1 spec. +, +Sta. +S14 ( +7°26’14”N +, +100°36’13”E +), + +4 Mar. 2014 + +, + +15.5 m + +; +1 spec. +, +Sta. +S68 ( +7°47’06”N +, +100°41’37”E +), + +29 Feb. 2016 + +, + + +22 m + +. + + + + + +Diagnosis. + +Sigambra + +without ventral cirri at chaetiger 2, with an elongate median antenna with ceratophore as long as 2.8–5x of lateral antennae, dorsal hooks present from middle chaetigers, notopodial capillary chaetae present from chaetiger 4–5, up to five chaetae per parapodium, and pharynx with 12 marginal papillae. Body lacking pigmentation. + + + + +Description. +All specimens incomplete. +Holotype +the longest specimen with coiled median and posterior regions; total length of the specimen +19.3 mm +long and +0.6 mm +wide, about 180 chaetigers ( +Fig. 8A +). +Paratypes +, 14–85 chaetigers, 2.0– +15.4 mm +long and +0.6–1.3 mm +wide. Body long, annulated, with a wide ventral groove posteriorly ( +Figs 8A +, +9A–B +). Color in alcohol white to light tan ( +Fig. 8A–B +). + + +Prostomium bilobed, wider than long, separated from peristomium by a deep transverse groove. Three tapering antennae, median antenna with large annulated, long ceratophore about 99 µm in length ( +Fig. 9A, D +), 5 times longer than lateral antennae (1.84: +0.37 mm +) (2.8–4.7 times as long in +paratypes +) extending to chaetiger 11 ( +10–12 in +paratypes +) ( +Figs 8A–B +, +9A +). Lateral antennae longer than palps ( +Figs 8B +, +9A, D +). Palpostyles long, ventrolateral palpal papillae thin, digitate ( +Figs 8A–B +, +9A–D +). Nuchal organs deep ciliated grooves, along lateral side of the posterior end of prostomium and above anterior end of peristomium ( +Fig. 9A, D +). +Paratype +with pharynx everted; with 12 ciliated papillae, the four lateral papillae are slightly larger than dorsal and ventral papillae and bear subdistal papillae on the first ring of proboscis ( +Fig. 9B–C +). Eyespot absent. + + +Peristomium with two pairs of slender tentacular cirri, shorter than lateral antennae; dorsal tentacular cirri longer than ventrals. A transverse row of small ciliated papillae (about 4–7 µm in diameter) located dorsally near the posterior margin of peristomium ( +Figs 8A–B +, +9A–D +). + + +Parapodia biramous, strongly annulated with dorsal and ventral cirri slender, tapered distally ( +Figs 8A–C +, +9A– B +, +10A–B, D +); notopodia with strong curved acicular tips and dorsal cirrus; dorsal hooks from chaetiger 61 ( +50–62 in +paratypes +) continued to posterior chaetigers. Dorsal hooks small, transparent, first dorsal hooks small, subdermal ( +Fig. 8C +). + + +Dorsal cirrus bearing dorsal pores (seen only in SEM images), with 2–5 capillary chaetae from chaetiger 4 (chaetigers +4–5 in +paratypes +) ( +Fig. 10A, C–E +). Dorsal cirrus of chaetiger 1 longer than lateral antennae and tentacular cirri, about twice longer than dorsal tentacular cirri and up to 6 times as long as dorsal cirrus of chaetiger 2; longer than all dorsal cirri. Chaetiger 2 with short dorsal cirrus, shorter than those of following segments ( +Figs 8A–B +, +9A, D +, +10A, C +, +11A, C +). + + + +FIGURE 8. + +Sigambra sirilukae + + +sp. nov. + +light photographs (A, C, holotype: PSUZC-POL-0236; B, PSUZC-POL-0252). A. Whole specimen, lateral view; B. Anterior region, dorsal view; C. Posterior region, lateral view. Abbreviations: 1 +st +dc, first dorsal cirrus; dc, dorsal cirrus; dh, dorsal hook; la, lateral antenna; ma, median antenna; tc, tentacular cirri. + + + + +FIGURE 9. + +Sigambra sirilukae + + +sp. nov. + +(A, PSUZC-POL-0238; B–C, PSUZC-POL-0244; D, PSUZC-POL-0245). A. Anterior region, dorsal view; B. Same, ventral view; C. Pharynx papillae, top view; D. Anterior end, lateral view. Abbreviations: 1 +st +dc, first dorsal cirrus; cp, ceratophore; dc, dorsal cirri; ddp, dorsal distal papillae; la, lateral antenna; ldp, lateral distal papillae; ma, median antenna; mpp, mount papillae; no, nuchal organ; pe, peristomium; pr, prostomium; sp, subdistal papilla; tc, tentacular cirri; vc, ventral cirrus; vdp, ventral distal papillae; vg, ventral groov; vpp, ventrolateral palpal papilla. + + + +Each chaetiger with rows of small epidermal papillae along posterior dorsolateral margin of parapodia, at the base of parapodium, larger than papillae over prostomium ( +Figs 8A +, +10B, D +, +11A +). + + +Neuropodia well developed with ventral cirrus smaller than dorsal cirrus, lacking at chaetiger 2. Each ventral cirrus bears pores similar in shape to those on dorsal cirrus. Ventral cirri slender, longer than neurochaetal lobes in posterior chaetigers. Neuropodia with straight acicula in a conical parapodial lobe and numerous simple neurochaetae in a bundle, variable in length and up to 60 chaetae per bundle ( +Figs 9B +, +10A, E +). + + +Neuropodia with +four types +of capillary chaetae, pectinate with long spinous chaeta, limbate chaetae with short, deep, upwardly oriented serrated teeth, limbate chaeta with 1–2 minute teeth between the main teeth, and long capillary chaeta. Supra-acicular chaetae pectinate, up to 9 chaetae per parapodium ( +Fig. 11A +), limbate, and long limbate chaetae. Inferior subacicular chaetae shorter than superiors, with 1–2 minute teeth between main teeth ( +Fig. 11B–C +). Superior subacicular chaetae long, limbate, lacking minute teeth between main teeth, limbate chaetae ventrally ( +Fig. 11A–C +). + + + +FIGURE 10. + +Sigambra sirilukae + + +sp. nov. + +(PSUZC-POL-0328).A. Anterior parapodia, chaetigers 7–9 (from left to right), in circles are pores, dorsal view; B. Close up papillae on cheatiger, dorsal; C. Close up notopodial capilary chaeta, lateral view; D. Close up parapodia, arrows point to gonopores, dorsal view; E. Neurochaetae, dorsal view. Abbreviations: cc, capillary notochaeta; dc, dorsal cirrus; ne, neurochaetae; pp, papillae; vc, ventral cirrus. + + + + +FIGURE 11. + +Sigambra sirilukae + + +sp. nov. + +A. Long limbate and pectinated neurochaetae, lateral view; B. Inferior limbate neurochaetae, ventral-lateral view; C. Close up teeth of inferior limbate chaeta, lateral view. Abbreviations: llc, long limbate chaeta; pec, pectinated neurochaeta. + + +Pygidium unknown. + +Reproduction. +Oocytes were found in parapodial spaces in +holotype +and +paratypes +. + + +Variations. +In +additional materials +, all specimens are anterior regions; median antenna very long and lateral antennae longer than palps. When median antenna broken, the ceratophore remains. Dorsal hooks absent and capillary chaeta also present from chaetiger 4–5 as +holotype +and +paratypes +. Pharynx with 12 marginal papillae. + + + + +Etymology. +This species was named after Miss Siriluk Sutthinun, senior staff person at the Marine Ecosearch Management Company, for her initiation of taxonomy and establishment of database of benthic fauna from the Gulf +Thailand +. + + + + +Habitat. +Found in +10–26.5 m +depth, in muddy substrates mixed with sand and shell fragments. + + + + +Distribution. +Gulf of +Thailand +, Western Pacific. + + + + +Remarks. + +Sigambra sirilukae + + +sp. nov. + +belongs to the + +Sigambra + +group lacking ventral cirri on chaetiger 2 and with more than eight pharyngeal papillae ( +Table 1 +). It is a very distinctive species having 12 pharynx papillae, a median antenna 2.8–5x longer than lateral antennae, and with a large ceratophore extending to chaetiger 11–12. It also has up to 5 notopodial capillary chaetae present per parapodia from anterior to posterior chaetigers, and dorsal hooks from mid chaetigers (chaetiger 50 or greater). + +Sigambra sirilukae + + +sp. nov. + +differs from all + +Sigambra +species + +by possessing 12 marginal papillae on the pharynx. Other species have marginal papillae either lower (8) or higher (13–16) than the new species. Moreover, the number of notopodial capillary chaetae in + +S. sirilukae + + +sp. nov. + +is greater than other species (2–5: 1–2 chaetae per parapodium, respectively) ( +Table 1 +). + + +There are three previously described species: + +S. constricta + +Southern, 1921, + +S. olivai +Salazar-Vallejo, Rizzo, León-González & Brauko, 2019 + +, and + +S. rugosa +Fauchald, 1972 + +that have the dorsal hooks in middle chaetigers (starting from chaetiger 30–40, 30–39 and 43–46 respectively). In + +S. sirilukae + + +sp. nov. + +the first dorsal hooks begin more posteriorly, up to chaetiger 60. Moreover both + +S. constricta + +and + +S. olivai + +having greater than 12 marginal papillae (14 and 13–16, respectively) ( +Fauchald 1972 +; + +Salazar-Vallejo +et al. +2019 + +; Southern 1921). Additionally, + +S. constricta + +has capillary chaetae only in posterior chaetigers, while they are absent in both + +S. olivai + +and + +S. rugosa + +( + +Bhowmik +et al., +2021 + +; +Fauchald 1972 +; + +Salazar-Vallejo +et al. +2019 + +; Southern 1921). + +Sigambra sirilukae + + +sp. nov. + +also differs from those three species in median antenna length being 3–5x longer than lateral antennae. In + +S. constricta + +and + +S. olivai + +the median antenna is about 2x longer than the lateral antennae and in + +S. rugosa + +the median antenna is subequal in length to the lateral antennae ( + +Bhowmik +et al. +2021 + +; +Fauchald 1972 +; + +Salazar-Vallejo +et al. +2019 + +). Additionally, there are up to 60 chaetae per neuropodium in the new species with up to 9 chaetae per bundle in the other species. There are up to 5 notochaetae per parapodium which is greater than the other species. + + +Of the 26 known + +Sigambra +species + +and the proposed two new species, the number described from the Indo-Pacific region is quite high, totalling 11 species including the proposed new species. All these species are from the larger group that lack ventral cirri on chaetiger 2. Three of the ten species bear eight pharyngeal papillae: + +S. bidentata +Britaev & Saphronova, 1981 + +from +Japan +, + +S. papagayu +Bamber + +in +Muir & Bamber, 2008 +from +Hong Kong +, and + +S. qingdaoensis +Licher & Westheide, 1997 + +from +China +. One species, + +S. sirilukae + + +sp. nov. + +from the Gulf of +Thailand +bears 12 pharyngeal papillae. The other seven species bear 14 pharyngeal papillae. They include + +S. elegans +Britaev & Saphronova, 1981 + +and + +S. hanaokai +Kitamori, 1960 + +, both from +Japan +; + +S. constricta + +Southern, 1921 and + +S. sundarbanensis +Bhowmik, Ghoshal, Salazar-Vallejo & Mandal, 2021 + +, both from +India +; + +S. pettiboneae +Hartmann-Schröder, 1979 + +from Western Australia; and + +S. phuketensis +Licher & Westheide, 1997 + +and + +S. pakbaraensis + + +sp. nov +. + +both from the Andaman Sea, +Thailand +( +Table 1 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file