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data/60/56/00/6056006FC07280D9F4370123EE2DB87E.xml
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<mods:title id="9A2F0C1799CAFD28BC0564A4B8477BAE">Sopra alcuni miriapodi cavernicoli italiani raccolti dai Sign. A. Vacca e R. Barberi</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F8E6DE82856D9153F85E3C74158C6868">R. Latzel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="8060503C178EF9EAE5188F648E1667DA">1889</mods:date>
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<treatment id="6056006FC07280D9F4370123EE2DB87E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6293581" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100078186" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6293581" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6056006FC07280D9F4370123EE2DB87E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6056006FC07280D9F4370123EE2DB87E" lastPageNumber="360" pageId="0" pageNumber="360">
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<pageBreakToken id="3AACB3A4AE31E1B90665411E653CF54E" pageId="0" pageNumber="360" start="start">2</pageBreakToken>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="5A692B6FA4A9007B540D27C0FD488A78" ID-CoL="3GCQF" class="Diplopoda" family="Glomeridae" genus="Glomeris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Glomerida" pageId="0" pageNumber="360" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inferorum">Glomeris inferorum</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="BF37F3C029BCFDEF45A48F90DB43BB39" pageId="0" pageNumber="360" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
<authority id="CE913E99CE9EE65260C8060459380289" pageId="0" pageNumber="360">Latzel</authority>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="5758A800C0EFFA0ABF782B1ADB1F03C6" pageId="0" pageNumber="360" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="4456D53AA1D5F65E23D4221DA848FB0D" pageId="0" pageNumber="360" type="mainText">
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Laevigata, nitida, vix impresso-punctata, pallide brunnea, subimmaculata, marginibus scutorum et ventre cum pedibus pallidioribus. Oculi nigri, utrimque sex (1+5). Scutum primum transverse unisulcatum (an semper?), secundum utrinque sulco profundo unico exaratum; scuta cetera lateribus 2-3-striatis. Mas: Scutum ultimum vix emarginatum, vix impressum. Organa copulativa iisdem Glom. connexae subsimilia. - Longit. corp.
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<quantity id="4573A55499FC3FB7B2F9F8293A2F3B9D" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="360" unit="mm" value="10.5" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="10.0">10-11 mm</quantity>
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, lat.
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<quantity id="6080CBE9AB78565D6808F97821AF4537" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="0" pageNumber="360" unit="mm" value="65.0">6,5 mm</quantity>
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.
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<subSubSection id="9AB5EF30828D3EC2904F2E6DE39C398A" pageId="0" pageNumber="360" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="2BC2A249465BC646E19279696DC0BA99" pageId="0" pageNumber="360" type="mainText">Habitat in caverna Italiae superioris, dicta Casotto in provincia Montis Regalis (Mondovi).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</document>
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data/60/56/2F/60562F263940FF9975A616D68A5B57BF.xml
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248
data/60/56/2F/60562F263940FF9975A616D68A5B57BF.xml
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@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
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<document id="2588F610AD3B6256BC1A2BEE43CA4375" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.177754" ID-GBIF-Dataset="012c6978-bff7-4821-a8d0-1b9e19966dc8" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="177754" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459873558272" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gibbs, David" docDate="2007" docId="60562F263940FF9975A616D68A5B57BF" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01533p068.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1533" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Mythenteles andalusica Gibbs, 2007, sp.n." docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="66" masterDocId="9C6F575E3941FF9A7531166C8B4A5360" masterDocTitle="Mythenteles andalusica sp. n. (Diptera, Mythicomyiidae) from Southern Spain and the first description of the male of M. infrequens Evenhuis & Blasco-Zumeta, 2003" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="63" pageNumber="64" updateTime="1698226821705" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="C1A85419B0B7C90627A48F2FD0F1136E">Mythenteles andalusica sp. n. (Diptera, Mythicomyiidae) from Southern Spain and the first description of the male of M. infrequens Evenhuis & Blasco-Zumeta, 2003</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2D02D47F5AD541234A449E364846E4E9">Gibbs, David</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="CF3CB533C2C71891327E7B8A720FD4E9">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="6B9D7C17E06544CD608F6F5FC996EFF1">
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<mods:date id="6620DA644995171FAC3FD92C66865D1D">2007</mods:date>
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<treatment id="60562F263940FF9975A616D68A5B57BF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6244303" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119369874" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6244303" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:60562F263940FF9975A616D68A5B57BF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/60562F263940FF9975A616D68A5B57BF" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
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<subSubSection id="A0E5CDBB3940FF9B75A616D68ABD53B4" box="[151,503,186,212]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="E8409E303940FF9B75A616D68ABD53B4" blockId="1.[151,503,186,212]" box="[151,503,186,212]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
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<heading id="B308295C3940FF9B75A616D68ABD53B4" bold="true" box="[151,503,186,212]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" reason="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8B42223940FF9B75A616D68ABD53B4" bold="true" box="[151,503,186,212]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFFE5B33940FF9B75A616D68AFF53B4" box="[151,437,186,212]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Mythenteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andalusica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8B42223940FF9B75A616D68AFF53B4" bold="true" box="[151,437,186,212]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">Mythenteles andalusica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
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||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C1B8FF593940FF9B748D16D68ABD53B4" box="[444,503,186,212]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A0E5CDBB3940FF9B75A617698E345157" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E8409E303940FF9B75A617698E345157" blockId="1.[151,1436,261,567]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8B42223940FF9B75A617698A5D527F" bold="true" box="[151,279,261,287]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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||||
Using the key in
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<bibRefCitation id="8C6EE3C13940FF9B74D8176989E1527F" author="Evenhuis" box="[489,683,261,287]" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" refString="Evenhuis, N. L. (2003) World revision of the microbombyliid genus Mythenteles Hall & Evenhuis (Diptera: Mythicomyiidae). Zootaxa 346: 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="2003">Evenhuis (2003)</bibRefCitation>
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this species will run to couplet 7 with
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<taxonomicName id="2FFFE5B33940FF9B714717698E2F527F" authority="Brunetti" authorityName="Brunetti" box="[1142,1381,261,287]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Mythenteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8B42223940FF9B714717698FAD527E" box="[1142,1255,261,286]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">M. indica</emphasis>
|
||||
(Brunetti)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFFE5B33940FF9B75A617418A875227" authority="Evenhuis." authorityName="Evenhuis." box="[151,461,301,327]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Mythenteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coptopheles">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8B42223940FF9B75A617418A075226" box="[151,333,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">M. coptopheles</emphasis>
|
||||
Evenhuis.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
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||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFFE5B33940FF9B74E6174189C85226" box="[471,642,301,326]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Mythenteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andalusica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8B42223940FF9B74E6174189C85226" box="[471,642,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">M. andalusica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
differs from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFFE5B33940FF9B7616174188D05226" box="[807,922,301,326]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Mythenteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8B42223940FF9B7616174188D05226" box="[807,922,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">M. indica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in its shorter proboscis, shorter than head height (1.5 times head height in
|
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<taxonomicName id="2FFFE5B33940FF9B772B173989C6520E" box="[538,652,341,366]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Mythenteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8B42223940FF9B772B173989C6520E" box="[538,652,341,366]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">M. indica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) and entirely dark tibia (yellow apically in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFFE5B33940FF9B71A417398E4C520E" box="[1173,1286,341,366]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Mythenteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8B42223940FF9B71A417398E4C520E" box="[1173,1286,341,366]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">M. indica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). It is rather closer to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFFE5B33940FF9B743417118AF052F6" box="[261,442,381,406]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Mythenteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coptopheles">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8B42223940FF9B743417118AF052F6" box="[261,442,381,406]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">M. coptopheles</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
but has a longer proboscis about two thirds the height of the head (barely reaching beyond the mouth margin in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFFE5B33940FF9B74DB17C989D752DE" box="[490,669,421,446]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Mythenteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coptopheles">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8B42223940FF9B74DB17C989D752DE" box="[490,669,421,446]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">M. coptopheles</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), basal tergites with narrow, often obscure, yellowish apical margins laterally (without yellow fasciae in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFFE5B33940FF9B77BD17A1880E5286" box="[652,836,461,486]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Mythenteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coptopheles">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8B42223940FF9B77BD17A1880E5286" box="[652,836,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">M. coptopheles</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), female with differently shaped furca and three approximately equal spermathecae (only two spermathecae in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFFE5B33940FF9B764617998F61516E" box="[887,1067,501,526]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Mythenteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coptopheles">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8B42223940FF9B764617998F61516E" box="[887,1067,501,526]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">M. coptopheles</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). The closely related
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFFE5B33940FF9B701D17998B8F5156" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Mythenteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deemingi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8B42223940FF9B701D17998B8F5156" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">M. deemingi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E8DEA03940FF9B743D14718A2B5157" box="[268,353,541,567]" name="Cyprus" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">Cyprus</collectingCountry>
|
||||
has crossvein dm-cu present and a shorter proboscis, barely exceeding the mouth margin.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<caption id="BC80CEB83940FF9B75A613EA89D656FE" box="[151,668,1414,1438]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E8409E303940FF9B75A613EA89D656FE" blockId="1.[151,668,1414,1438]" box="[151,668,1414,1438]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8B42223940FF9B75A613EA8A5356FE" bold="true" box="[151,281,1414,1438]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||||
Male
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFFE5B33940FF9B746C13EA891056FD" box="[349,602,1414,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Mythenteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andalusica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8B42223940FF9B746C13EA891056FD" box="[349,602,1414,1437]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">Mythenteles andalusica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C1B8FF593940FF9B775113EA89D656FE" box="[608,668,1414,1438]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A0E5CDBB3940FF9975A613BC8B8A5017" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E8409E303940FF9B75A613BC8A185463" blockId="1.[151,1437,1488,1995]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8B42223940FF9B75A613BC8A3F568A" bold="true" box="[151,373,1488,1514]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">Description. Male</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="70C482B53940FF9B74B513BD8A8B568B" box="[388,449,1489,1515]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,255,1414,1438]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Male Mythenteles andalusica sp. n." pageId="1" pageNumber="64">Fig 1</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Wing Length:
|
||||
<quantity id="2F0733D53940FF9B77B313BD8847568B" box="[642,781,1489,1515]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="1.6" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.4">1.4-1.8 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. Head. Black; eyes dichoptic, separated at vertex by distance between lateral ocelli; frons depressed, yellow to yellow-white often with a brown spot or streak in front of the front ocellus; face yellow becoming more brown towards the slightly protuberant oral margin; antennae black; first flagellomere similar to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFFE5B33940FF9B771E1025898B5502" box="[559,705,1609,1634]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Mythenteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deemingi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8B42223940FF9B771E1025898B5502" box="[559,705,1609,1634]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">M. deemingi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(see
|
||||
<figureCitation id="70C482B53940FF9B76311025880F5503" box="[768,837,1609,1635]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 8" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[239,1336,381,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[239,1341,362,1899]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 8. Mythenteles andalusica sp. n. male and female genitalia. 2. epandrium, ventral view, 3. epandrium, lateral view, 4. gonocoxite, dorsal view, 5. gonocoxite, lateral view, 6. epiphallic complex, ventral view, 7 epiphallic complex, lateral view, 8. female genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177755/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
|
||||
Fig.
|
||||
<quantity id="2F0733D53940FF9B76071025880F5503" box="[822,837,1609,1635]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.032" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" unit="in" value="8.0">8</quantity>
|
||||
</figureCitation>
|
||||
in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6EE3C13940FF9B765B10258F505503" author="Evenhuis" box="[874,1050,1609,1635]" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" refString="Evenhuis, N. L. (2003) World revision of the microbombyliid genus Mythenteles Hall & Evenhuis (Diptera: Mythicomyiidae). Zootaxa 346: 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="2003">Evenhuis 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) ovoid, length about 1.5 x greatest width; style variable about one third to a little over half length of first flagellomere, with apical sensillum; occiput and mentum subshining black, with some thin grey dusting behind the eyes; proboscis black to dark brown, relatively thin, distinctly produced beyond oral margin; labrum sclerotized, stiff, pointed apically; palpus not evident.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E8409E303940FF9B75F7117D8BA654AB" blockId="1.[151,1437,1488,1995]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8B42223940FF9B75F7117D8A51544A" box="[198,283,1809,1834]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||||
. Mesonotum and scutellum subshining to black dulled by thin brownish dust, with scattered dark hairs; post pronotal lobe, thin notopleural line to wing base, postalar callus, propleuron, posterior portion of anepimeron, posterodorsal corner of katepisternum, and upper half of meron yellow; coxae and legs dark brown to black, only tips of femora (especially fore femora) yellow; halter stem yellowbrown, knob whitish yellow.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E8409E303943FF9875F716F48E735232" blockId="2.[151,1436,152,338]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8B42223943FF9875F716F48A4B53D1" box="[198,257,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Wing</emphasis>
|
||||
. Hyaline; veins blackish brown; costa ends slightly more than one-third way between end of R4+5 and M1; vein Sc incomplete, ending at about two fifths the way between origin of Rs and end of vein R2+3; Rs connected to R1; R4+5 straight to wing margin; vein M1 gently curved, straight only for apical quarter; M2 slightly sinuous to wing margin; cell dm open apically; CuA1 well developed to wing margin; A1 straight, curving slightly to wing margin at its tip; fringe of hair on posterior margin of wing normal in length.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="BC80CEB83943FF9875A61106896254A1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177755/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" targetBox="[239,1336,381,1897]" targetPageId="2">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E8409E303943FF9875A61106896254A1" blockId="2.[151,1436,1898,1985]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8B42223943FF9875A611068A0954E2" bold="true" box="[151,323,1898,1922]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">FIGURES 2–8.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFFE5B33943FF98747B1106890D54E1" box="[330,583,1898,1921]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Mythenteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andalusica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8B42223943FF98747B1106890D54E1" box="[330,583,1898,1921]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Mythenteles andalusica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8B42223943FF98777F110689C054E2" bold="true" box="[590,650,1898,1922]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C1B8FF593943FF98777F110689C054E2" box="[590,650,1898,1922]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
male and female genitalia. 2. epandrium, ventral view, 3. epandrium, lateral view, 4. gonocoxite, dorsal view, 5. gonocoxite, lateral view, 6. epiphallic complex, ventral view, 7 epiphallic complex, lateral view, 8. female genitalia.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E8409E303942FF9975F716D989195227" blockId="3.[151,1437,181,647]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8B42223942FF9975F716D98A7F53AE" box="[198,309,181,206]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
. Black to dark brown, with scattered brownish hairs; tergites I –III entirely dark dorsally but with narrow (sometimes obscure) yellow apical margins laterally on reflexed part; tergites IV–VII with yellow apical margins dorsally becoming progressively wider; sternites similar, blackish brown with all except stergite I with a yellow apical margin.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E8409E303942FF9975F7173988FD52F7" blockId="3.[151,1437,181,647]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8B42223942FF9975F717398A7F520E" box="[198,309,341,366]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Genitalia</emphasis>
|
||||
. Genitalia. Dark brown to black with,
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8B42223942FF99763517398804520E" box="[772,846,341,366]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">in situ</emphasis>
|
||||
, the two paramedian processes (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="70C482B53942FF9971E217398E5E520F" box="[1235,1300,341,367]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 8" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[239,1336,381,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[239,1341,362,1899]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 8. Mythenteles andalusica sp. n. male and female genitalia. 2. epandrium, ventral view, 3. epandrium, lateral view, 4. gonocoxite, dorsal view, 5. gonocoxite, lateral view, 6. epiphallic complex, ventral view, 7 epiphallic complex, lateral view, 8. female genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177755/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Fig 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
- A) of the gonocoxite contrastingly yellow-white. Dissected genitalia
|
||||
<figureCitation id="70C482B53942FF99767E171188F952F7" box="[847,947,381,407]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 8" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[239,1336,381,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[239,1341,362,1899]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 8. Mythenteles andalusica sp. n. male and female genitalia. 2. epandrium, ventral view, 3. epandrium, lateral view, 4. gonocoxite, dorsal view, 5. gonocoxite, lateral view, 6. epiphallic complex, ventral view, 7 epiphallic complex, lateral view, 8. female genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177755/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Figs 2-7</figureCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E8409E303942FF9975F717C98A4F51E7" blockId="3.[151,1437,181,647]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8B42223942FF9975F717C98A6B52DF" bold="true" box="[198,289,421,447]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Female</emphasis>
|
||||
. As male except that there is a tendency for the yellow apical margins of the tergites to be more conspicuous. Female genitalia (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="70C482B53942FF99773917A189045287" box="[520,590,461,487]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 8" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[239,1336,381,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[239,1341,362,1899]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 8. Mythenteles andalusica sp. n. male and female genitalia. 2. epandrium, ventral view, 3. epandrium, lateral view, 4. gonocoxite, dorsal view, 5. gonocoxite, lateral view, 6. epiphallic complex, ventral view, 7 epiphallic complex, lateral view, 8. female genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177755/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||||
) very similar to that of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFFE5B33942FF99765217A188BF5286" box="[867,1013,461,486]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Mythenteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deemingi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8B42223942FF99765217A188BF5286" box="[867,1013,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">M. deemingi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with vaginal furca U-shaped, rather well sclerotized, with inwardly pointing medial processes. Two well developed lateral spermathecae (only one shown in illustration), middle duct reduced, simple with merely a swollen ‘sleeve’ basally. Spermathecal reservoirs ovoid, sclerotized brown, each with a circular clear ‘window’ at rather more than 90° from the duct insertion.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E8409E303942FF9975F714D18B8A5017" blockId="3.[151,1436,700,1247]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8B42223942FF9975F714D18ADD51B7" bold="true" box="[198,407,701,727]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="374420923942FF9975F714D18A4751B7" box="[198,269,701,727]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Types</typeStatus>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<typeStatus id="374420923942FF99741614D18ADD51B7" box="[295,407,701,727]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
ɗ
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E8DEA03942FF9974FE14D1896E51B7" box="[463,548,701,727]" name="Spain" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">SPAIN</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, Andalucia, Cortija del Alcazar,
|
||||
<quantity id="2F0733D53942FF9976E414D18F3A51B7" box="[981,1136,701,727]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.095" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.99" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" unit="m" value="1095.0" valueMax="1200.0" valueMin="990.0">990-1200 m</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="8DCBF8F73942FF9971B714D18E5A51B7" box="[1158,1296,701,727]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" precision="15" value="36.920834">N36°55'15"</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="8DCBF8F73942FF99701014D18EDD51B7" box="[1313,1431,701,727]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" precision="15" value="-4.0883336">W4°5'18"</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="9C41B8F03942FF9975A614898A43519F" box="[151,265,741,767]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" value="2006-06-09">9.vi.2006</date>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<typeStatus id="374420923942FF99742714898AC2519F" box="[278,392,741,767]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
3ɗ 5Ψ data as
|
||||
<typeStatus id="374420923942FF997777148989FA519F" box="[582,688,741,767]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
; Mirador de las Vibodes,
|
||||
<quantity id="2F0733D53942FF9976D114898F70519F" box="[992,1082,741,767]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.527" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" unit="m" value="1527.0">1527 m</quantity>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="8DCBF8F73942FF99717314898FF7519F" box="[1090,1213,741,767]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" precision="15" value="37.139725">N37°8'23"</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="8DCBF8F73942FF9971F414898E0D519F" box="[1221,1351,741,767]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" precision="15" value="-3.456389">W3°27'23"</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<date id="9C41B8F03942FF99707E14898B985047" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" value="2006-06-06">6 June 2006</date>
|
||||
1Ψ (leg. D.J. Gibbs).
|
||||
<typeStatus id="374420923942FF9974EC156189005047" box="[477,586,781,807]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
in National Museum of
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E8DEA03942FF997642156188F05047" box="[883,954,781,807]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Wales</collectingCountry>
|
||||
Cardiff (NMWC),
|
||||
<typeStatus id="374420923942FF99719315618E5E5047" box="[1186,1300,781,807]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
in NMWC 2Ψ, Bishop Museum Honolulu 1ɗ 1Ψ, Oxford University Museum 1ɗ 1Ψ, private collection D.J. Gibbs 1ɗ 2Ψ.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A0E5CDBB3942FF9975F715E98AC450A7" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E8409E303942FF9975F715E98AC450A7" blockId="3.[151,1436,700,1247]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8B42223942FF9975F715E98A1950FF" bold="true" box="[198,339,901,927]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||||
The specific epithet refers to Andalusia, the region of southern
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E8DEA03942FF99717015E98FCE50FF" box="[1089,1156,901,927]" name="Spain" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||||
where all known specimens were collected.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A0E5CDBB3942FF9975F715B988185777" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E8409E303942FF9975F715B988185777" blockId="3.[151,1436,700,1247]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8B42223942FF9975F715B98A2D508F" bold="true" box="[198,359,981,1007]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||||
So far only known from two localities in Andalusia, Southern
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E8DEA03942FF99716415B98FD1508F" box="[1109,1179,981,1007]" name="Spain" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, the Sierra de Tejeda, Málaga Province and the Sierra Nevada,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E8DEA03942FF997749159189915777" box="[632,731,1021,1047]" name="Grenada" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Granada</collectingCountry>
|
||||
Province.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A0E5CDBB3942FF9975F712498A5B57BF" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E8409E303942FF9975F712498A5B57BF" blockId="3.[151,1436,700,1247]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8B42223942FF9975F712498A1B575F" bold="true" box="[198,337,1061,1087]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||||
Although this species lacks crossvein dm-cu, so runs to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFFE5B33942FF9976C412498FE3575E" box="[1013,1193,1061,1086]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Mythenteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coptopheles">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8B42223942FF9976C412498FE3575E" box="[1013,1193,1061,1086]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">M. coptopheles</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in the key by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6EE3C13942FF99706712498A6B5707" author="Evenhuis" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refString="Evenhuis, N. L. (2003) World revision of the microbombyliid genus Mythenteles Hall & Evenhuis (Diptera: Mythicomyiidae). Zootaxa 346: 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="2003">Evenhuis (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, the structure of both male and female genitalia confirm a close relationship with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFFE5B33942FF9971DB12218E3F5706" box="[1258,1397,1101,1126]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Mythenteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deeming">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8B42223942FF9971DB12218E3F5706" box="[1258,1397,1101,1126]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">M. deeming</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
i in which crossvein dm-cu is clearly evident. The female genitalia in particular are close to those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFFE5B33942FF99703812198ED657EE" box="[1289,1436,1141,1166]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Mythenteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deemingi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8B42223942FF99703812198ED657EE" box="[1289,1436,1141,1166]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">M. deemingi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with three spherical spermathecae of similar size but with the duct from the middle one much simplified and shortened.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
129
data/60/56/2F/60562F263942FF9F75A613518EDD53BA.xml
Normal file
129
data/60/56/2F/60562F263942FF9F75A613518EDD53BA.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
|
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<taxonomicName id="2FFFE5B33942FF9975A6135188585637" authority="Evenhuis & Blasco-Zumeta" authorityName="Evenhuis & Blasco-Zumeta" box="[151,786,1341,1367]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Mythenteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infrequens">
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<emphasis id="DA8B42223942FF9975A613518AF95637" bold="true" box="[151,435,1341,1367]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Mythenteles infrequens</emphasis>
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Evenhuis & Blasco-Zumeta
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<emphasis id="DA8B42223942FF9975A613E18AED56C6" box="[151,423,1421,1446]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Mythenteles infrequens</emphasis>
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Evenhuis & Blasco-Zumeta
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in
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<treatmentCitation id="695EB8213942FF99762913E188B156C7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3503181" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3503181" author="Evenhuis" box="[792,1019,1421,1447]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ED7B287866FF88FE8C0944FE8E6075" page="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" year="2003">
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<bibRefCitation id="8C6EE3C13942FF99762913E1889956C7" author="Evenhuis" box="[792,979,1421,1447]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refString="Evenhuis, N. L. (2003) World revision of the microbombyliid genus Mythenteles Hall & Evenhuis (Diptera: Mythicomyiidae). Zootaxa 346: 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="2003">Evenhuis, 2003</bibRefCitation>
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: 18
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A single pair of this microbombyliid was swept from a
|
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<taxonomicName id="2FFFE5B33942FF99762B13B188295696" box="[794,867,1501,1526]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cistaceae" genus="Cistus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="DA8B42223942FF99762B13B188295696" box="[794,867,1501,1526]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Cistus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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flower along the edge of a pine plantation above Alcaucin,
|
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="8DCBF8F73942FF99749C1069897D557F" box="[429,567,1541,1567]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" precision="15" value="36.912224">N36°54'44"</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="8DCBF8F73942FF99770E106989F8557F" box="[575,690,1541,1567]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" precision="15" value="-4.104722">W4°6'17"</geoCoordinate>
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in the Sierra de Tejeda, Málaga Province, Andalusia,
|
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<collectingCountry id="90E8DEA03942FF99701C10698E39557F" box="[1325,1395,1541,1567]" name="Spain" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Spain</collectingCountry>
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, on
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<date id="9C41B8F03942FF9975A610418A435527" box="[151,265,1581,1607]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" value="2006-06-07">7.vi.2006</date>
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. The female (
|
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) is a striking insect, boldly patterned with black and yellow, notably with large yellow notopleural patches, yellow sternites and broad, bright yellow marginal bands to the tergites, particularly the distal ones. The male specimen was somewhat damaged during collection but is substantially the same as the female although the abdomen is rather darker, each sternite infuscated basally.
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The unique
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of
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<emphasis id="DA8B42223942FF9974EC10A189345586" box="[477,638,1741,1766]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">M. infrequens</emphasis>
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was collected in Zaragoza Province in northern
|
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<collectingCountry id="90E8DEA03942FF99718310A18FBF5587" box="[1202,1269,1741,1767]" name="Spain" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Spain</collectingCountry>
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so the present record represents a southern extention of its range by more than
|
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.
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<paragraph id="E8409E303945FF9E75A6151888EB50EB" blockId="4.[151,929,884,908]" box="[151,929,884,908]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
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<emphasis id="DA8B42223945FF9E75A615188A5350EC" bold="true" box="[151,281,884,908]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
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Female
|
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<taxonomicName id="2FFFE5B33945FF9E744D151888EB50EB" authority="Evenhuis & Blasco-Zumeta" authorityName="Evenhuis & Blasco-Zumeta" box="[380,929,884,907]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Mythenteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infrequens">
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<emphasis id="DA8B42223945FF9E744D1518893950EB" box="[380,627,884,907]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Mythenteles infrequens</emphasis>
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Evenhuis & Blasco-Zumeta
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<paragraph id="E8409E303945FF9E75A611F68A505492" blockId="4.[151,1436,1946,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
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<emphasis id="DA8B42223945FF9E75A611F68A1454D2" bold="true" box="[151,350,1946,1970]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">FIGURES 10–14.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="2FFFE5B33945FF9E745411F788C654D2" authority="Evenhuis & Blasco-Zumeta" authorityName="Evenhuis & Blasco-Zumeta" box="[357,908,1947,1970]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Mythenteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infrequens">
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<emphasis id="DA8B42223945FF9E745411F7891654D2" box="[357,604,1947,1970]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Mythenteles infrequens</emphasis>
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Evenhuis & Blasco-Zumeta
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
||||
male genitalia. Fig. 10. epandrium, ventral view, 11. gonocoxite, dorsal view, 12. gonocoxite, lateral view, 13. epiphallic complex, ventral view, 14. epiphallic complex, lateral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="E8409E303944FF9F75F716F48EDD53BA" blockId="5.[151,1436,152,218]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">
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The male genitalia do not suggest a particularly close affinity to any of the species illustrated by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6EE3C13944FF9F701E16F48BA353BA" author="Evenhuis" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" refString="Evenhuis, N. L. (2003) World revision of the microbombyliid genus Mythenteles Hall & Evenhuis (Diptera: Mythicomyiidae). Zootaxa 346: 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="2003">Evenhuis (2003)</bibRefCitation>
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. They are certainly of a quite different
|
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than the male genitalia of
|
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<taxonomicName id="2FFFE5B33944FF9F712D16AC8F8F53B9" box="[1052,1221,192,217]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Mythenteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andalusica">
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<emphasis id="DA8B42223944FF9F712D16AC8F8F53B9" box="[1052,1221,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">M. andalusica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
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<taxonomicName id="2FFFE5B33944FF9F71CC16AC8EC553B9" box="[1277,1423,192,217]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Mythenteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deemingi">
|
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<emphasis id="DA8B42223944FF9F71CC16AC8EC553B9" box="[1277,1423,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">M. deemingi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document>
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149
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|
||||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.1.e1015</mods:url>
|
||||
</mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.1.e1015</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2828-1-1015</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:60564CAA4385BC1D64345D71EC36C875" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/60564CAA4385BC1D64345D71EC36C875" lastPageNumber="1015" pageId="0" pageNumber="1015">
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1015" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1015">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Roesler, Nguyen, Vu, Ngo & Ziegler, 2008" authorityName="Roesler, Nguyen, Vu, Ngo & Ziegler" authorityYear="2008" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Cyrtodactylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyrtodactylus pseudoquadrivirgatus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1015" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudoquadrivirgatus">
|
||||
Cyrtodactylus pseudoquadrivirgatus
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rösler">Roesler</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, Nguyen, Vu, Ngo & Ziegler, 2008
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1015" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1015">Materials</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1015">
|
||||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2012-05-20" collectionCode="IEBR, NUOL" collectorName="T. Calame" country="Laos" latitude="16.156666" location="Laos" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="106.82612" pageId="0" pageNumber="1015" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" typeStatus="Other material">
|
||||
Type status:
|
||||
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="1015">Other material</typeStatus>
|
||||
. Occurrence: recordedBy:
|
||||
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="1015">T. Calame</collectorName>
|
||||
; individualCount:
|
||||
<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="1015">2</specimenCount>
|
||||
; sex:
|
||||
<specimenCount type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
|
||||
; Location: country:
|
||||
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="1015">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||||
; stateProvince: Salavan; verbatimLocality: Xe Sap National Protected Area; verbatimElevation: 960 m; verbatimLatitude:
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="16.156666">16°09.400'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
; verbatimLongitude:
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="106.82612">106°49.567'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
; Event: eventDate:
|
||||
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="1015" value="2012-05-20">2012-05-20</collectingDate>
|
||||
; Record Level: institutionCode:
|
||||
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="1015">IEBR, NUOL</collectionCode>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1015" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1015">Description</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1015">(Fig. 4)</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1015">
|
||||
Specimens examined (n = 2). Two adult females (IEBR A.2013.91 & NUOL R-2013.4), collected by T. Calame on 20 May 2012 from Xe Sap NPA, Salavan Province (
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="16.156666">16°09.400'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="106.82612">106°49.567'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, elevation ca. 960 m a.s.l.).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1015">
|
||||
Morphological characters. SVL 70.7-83.8 mm, tail regenerated (TaL 72.1-72.6 mm); head depressed (HL/HD 1.6), distinguished from neck; loreal region inflated; snout longer than diameter of orbit (SE/OD 1.9); snout scales small, homogeneous, granular, larger than those in frontal and parietal regions; rostral wider than high with a median suture; supranasals separated from each other posteriorly by a pentagonal internasal; rostral bordered by first supralabial and nostril on each side; nares oval, surrounded by supranasal, rostral, first supralabial, and three enlarged postnasals; eyelid fringe with tiny spines posteriorly; ear
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="oval–shaped">oval-shaped</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, somewhat angular; mental triangular, slightly wider than rostral; postmentals in one pair, enlarged, in broad contact posteriorly, bordered by mental anteriorly, first two infralabials laterally, and one pair of distinctly enlarged gular scales posteriorly, which is separated from each other by two small gular scales; supralabials 8-10; infralabials 7-10; dorsal scales granular to flattened; dorsal tubercles triangular, conical, present on occiput, back and tail base, each surrounded by 10-11 granular scales, in 17-18 irregular longitudinal rows at midbody; ventral scales smooth, medial scales 2-3 times larger than dorsal scales, round, subimbricate, in 39-40 longitudinal rows at midbody; ventrolateral folds with interspersed tubercles; gular region with homogeneous smooth scales; precloacal groove absent; enlarged femoral scales and femoral pores absent; precloacal pores 7-9; postcloacal tubercles 2-3; subcaudals slightly enlarged; dorsal surface of fore and hind limbs with tubercles; fingers and toes without distinct webbing; lamellae under fourth finger 16-19, under fourth toe 17-20. Coloration in preservative: Ground coloration of dorsal head and back blackish brown; a narrow curved black stripe from posterior corner of eye, running above tympanum to the neck, interrupted posteriorly; shoulders, dorsal body blotched, irregular from oval to elongate, dark brown; fore and hind limbs with dark bars; dorsal tail grey with dark brown bands; chin, throat, chest and belly brown; ventral tail marked with light and dark bands; upper and lower lips dark brown (determination after
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Roesler, H" journalOrPublisher="Hamadryad" pageId="0" pageNumber="1015" pagination="48 - 63" title="A new Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Central Vietnam" volume="33" year="2008">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rösler">Roesler</normalizedToken>
|
||||
et al. 2008
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1015" type="ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1015">Ecology</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1015">
|
||||
Specimens were found between 19:40 and 20:10 on a small bush stem ca. 40 cm above the ground, approximately 3 m away from a rocky stream. The surrounding habitat was hill evergreen forest at an elevation of 960 m a.s.l. Within the hill evergreen forest in western Xe Sap NPA the canopy is characterized, in many areas, by the conspicuous presence of emergents of the restricted range conifer
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus dalatensis" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1015" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dalatensis">Pinus dalatensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1015" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1015">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1015">
|
||||
This species was previously known in Central Vietnam from Quang Tri province southwards to Kon Tum Province (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Roesler, H" journalOrPublisher="Hamadryad" pageId="0" pageNumber="1015" pagination="48 - 63" title="A new Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Central Vietnam" volume="33" year="2008">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rösler">Roesler</normalizedToken>
|
||||
et al. 2008
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Therefore, our record of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Cyrtodactylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyrtodactylus pseudoquadrivirgatus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1015" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudoquadrivirgatus">Cyrtodactylus pseudoquadrivirgatus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from Salavan Province is the first country record for Laos.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
264
data/60/56/56/6056567CF2F25E199321D037C398CDA7.xml
Normal file
264
data/60/56/56/6056567CF2F25E199321D037C398CDA7.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,264 @@
|
|||
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.160.54993" ID-GBIF-Dataset="53f0253b-d9b6-4762-8a9f-e29eed511301" ID-PMC="PMC7492195" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-160-131" ID-Pensoft-UUID="DD1B956F4EC95F78A3D81151A220FBE9" ID-PubMed="32982554" ModsDocID="1314-2003-160-131" checkinTime="1599644669125" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Guevara Andino, Juan Ernesto & Fernandez-Fernandez, Diana" docDate="2020" docId="6056567CF2F25E199321D037C398CDA7" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 160: 131-139" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 160" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.160.54993" docTitle="Sloanea cayapensis J. Jaram. & J. E. Guevara 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="DD1B956F4EC95F78A3D81151A220FBE9" lastPageNumber="131" masterDocId="DD1B956F4EC95F78A3D81151A220FBE9" masterDocTitle="A new rare and endemic species of Sloanea (Elaeocarpaceae) from the Choco region of Ecuador" masterLastPageNumber="139" masterPageNumber="131" pageNumber="131" updateTime="1668140026354" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>A new rare and endemic species of Sloanea (Elaeocarpaceae) from the Choco region of Ecuador</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Guevara Andino, Juan Ernesto</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Grupo de Investigacion en Biodiversidad, Medio Ambiente y Salud-BIOMAS- Universidad de las Americas, Campus Queri, Quito, Ecuador & Keller Science Action Center, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Dr., Chicago, IL 60605 - 2496, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5433-6218</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">jguevara@fieldmuseum.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Fernandez-Fernandez, Diana</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Herbario Nacional del Ecuador QCNE, Quito, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part>
|
||||
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number>160</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start>131</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end>139</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.160.54993</mods:url>
|
||||
</mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.160.54993</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-160-131</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">DD1B956F4EC95F78A3D81151A220FBE9</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="167521002" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6056567CF2F25E199321D037C398CDA7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6056567CF2F25E199321D037C398CDA7" lastPageNumber="131" pageId="0" pageNumber="131">
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="131" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="131">
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="6056567C-F2F2-5E19-9321-D037C398CDA7" authority="J. Jaram. & J. E. Guevara" authorityName="J. Jaram. & J. E. Guevara" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Elaeocarpaceae" genus="Sloanea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sloanea cayapensis" order="Oxalidales" pageId="0" pageNumber="131" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cayapensis" status="sp. nov.">Sloanea cayapensis J.Jaram. & J.E. Guevara</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="131">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Map of the geographic distribution of Sloanea cayapensis J. Jaramillo ex J. E. Guevara, sp. nov. (red squares), Sloanea fragrans Rusby (black circles) and Sloanea grandiflora Sm. (grey inverted triangles)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.160.54993.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/450563" pageId="0" pageNumber="131">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Sloanea cayapensis. Image from the holotype at QCA (J. Jaramillo 24200)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.160.54993.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/450564" pageId="0" pageNumber="131">, 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Sloanea cayapensis. Image from the holotype at QCA (J. Jaramillo 24200)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.160.54993.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/450565" pageId="0" pageNumber="131">, 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Sloanea cayapensis A detail of ovary and sepals B dorsal view of stamen C ventral view of stamen (A-C from J. Jaramillo 24200 QCA)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.160.54993.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/450566" pageId="0" pageNumber="131">, 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="131" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="131">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="131">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="J. Jaram. & J. E. Guevara" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Elaeocarpaceae" genus="Sloanea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sloanea cayapensis" order="Oxalidales" pageId="0" pageNumber="131" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cayapensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="131">Sloanea cayapensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
resembles
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. grandiflora" pageId="0" pageNumber="131" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="131">S. grandiflora</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Smith and
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. fragrans" pageId="0" pageNumber="131" rank="species" species="fragrans">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="131">S. fragrans</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Rusby, the most morphologically similar taxa, but can be differentiated from them by having short petioles (2-7.5 cm), obovate-spatulate leaves, 6-8 free sepals, shorter thick and acute-obtuse anthers (1.5-2 mm), densely hirsute filaments and styles and by having capsules with large, flexible, curled bristles (2.8-6 cm).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.160.54993.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/450563" pageId="0" pageNumber="131" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="131">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="131">Figure 1.</emphasis>
|
||||
Map of the geographic distribution of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="J. Jaram. & J. E. Guevara" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Elaeocarpaceae" genus="Sloanea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sloanea cayapensis" order="Oxalidales" pageId="0" pageNumber="131" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cayapensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="131">Sloanea cayapensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
J. Jaramillo ex J.E. Guevara, sp. nov. (red squares),
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rusby" authorityYear="1927" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Elaeocarpaceae" genus="Sloanea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sloanea fragrans" order="Oxalidales" pageId="0" pageNumber="131" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fragrans">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="131">Sloanea fragrans</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Rusby (black circles) and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Elaeocarpaceae" genus="Sloanea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sloanea grandiflora" order="Oxalidales" pageId="0" pageNumber="131" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="131">Sloanea grandiflora</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Sm. (grey inverted triangles).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="131" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="131">Type.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="131">
|
||||
Ecuador. Esmeraldas:
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Borbón-Río">Borbon-Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Cayapas,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.833336">78°50'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="5" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.0833334">1°5'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 10 m elev., 3 May 2003,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="131">Jaime Jaramillo, A. Sola, S. Yandun 24200</emphasis>
|
||||
(holotype [2 sheets]: QCA7007914! (fl, fr); QCA7007917!; isotypes QCA7007915!,QCA7007916! (fl), QCA204513!).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="131">Medium-sized trees up to 15-18 m tall. Trunk striated, bark rough, brownish. Branchlets glabrous, quadrangular and covered by ovoid, cream-coloured lenticels. Leaves alternate; petioles 2-7.5 cm long, semi-terete, striated, shortly pubescent, thickened at the insertion with the blade; blades (18.8-)42-52(-61.8) cm long, (9.5-)17-26(-32) wide, coriaceous obovate-spatulate, attenuate-subcordate or rounded at base, obtuse-retuse at apex, the margins entire, slightly revolute; foliaceous stipules persistent at the top of the individual branchlets, 3.9-13 cm long, 2.1-3.9 cm wide, elliptical with acuminate apex, the margin entire or shallowly sinuate; primary vein prominent on the adaxial surface, very prominent and angular on the abaxial surface, secondary venation eucamptodromous, 11-20 secondary veins, prominent on the abaxial surface and ascendant (angle> 45°), flat on the adaxial surface, tertiary veins prominent on the abaxial surface, slightly flat on the adaxial surface. Inflorescence axillary, racemose; peduncles 2-6 cm long; rachis 5-18.5 cm long, slightly pubescent, deeply striated and quadrangular; pedicels 1-7 cm, stout, shortly pubescent, finely striate and quadrangular, pedicels, 1-1.5 cm long, navicular bracts at the base of individual pedicels, 4-4.5 mm long, dense appressed pubescence on both abaxial and adaxial surfaces, apex acute, commonly deciduous. Flowers with the receptacle large, expanded; sepals 6-8, free, 3-5 mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide, greenish coloured, ovate, apex acute-acuminate, margins entire, slightly involute, yellow on the outer surface, not covering the reproductive organs before anthesis. Stamens 5-6 mm long, yellow with orange anthers; filaments 3-3.5 mm long, densely hirsute, striated and angulate; anthers 1.5-2 mm long, densely hirsute, thick, the connective thin on the abaxial surface of the anther sacs, extended as an acute or obtuse awn, very short, up to 0.5 mm long; anther sacs not opening widely along entire length. Ovary 2-4 mm long, 1.5-2.7 wide, with four locules, 4-angled, ovoid, densely hirsute; placentation axillary; style to 8 mm long, densely hirsute at the base, becoming sparsely hirsute towards the apex. Fruits globose capsules 1.2-2.5 cm long, 1-2 cm wide, rounded, opening by 4 rigid valves; bristles 2.8-6 cm long, curled, contorted and flexible, laterally flattened, densely hirsute at the base, more sparse and appressed pubescence towards the apex, easily detached. Seeds not studied.</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.160.54993.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/450564" pageId="0" pageNumber="131" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="131">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="131">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="J. Jaram. & J. E. Guevara" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Elaeocarpaceae" genus="Sloanea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sloanea cayapensis" order="Oxalidales" pageId="0" pageNumber="131" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cayapensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="131">Sloanea cayapensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Image from the holotype at QCA (
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="131">J. Jaramillo 24200</emphasis>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="131" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="131">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="131">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="131">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="131">Paratypes</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Ecuador: Esmeraldas: La Chiquita, bosque secundario, 45 m elev.,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="131">Jaime Jaramillo</emphasis>
|
||||
24422 (QCA-236170!); Esmeraldas: Localidad
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Borbón">Borbon</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, entre Punta Piedra y Maldonado,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.96667">78°58'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="4" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.0666667">1°4'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 60 m elev., febrero 13 de 1993,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="131">Jaime Jaramillo 15016</emphasis>
|
||||
(QCA-204514!).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="131" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="131">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="131">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="J. Jaram. & J. E. Guevara" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Elaeocarpaceae" genus="Sloanea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sloanea cayapensis" order="Oxalidales" pageId="0" pageNumber="131" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cayapensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="131">Sloanea cayapensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is a medium-sized tree only known from two localities on high alluvial terraces along the Cayapas River in the Lowland Evergreen Forests of Equatorial
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chocó">Choco</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador" journalOrPublisher="Brittonia" pageId="0" pageNumber="131" refId="B10" refString="Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador, 2013. Sistema de Clasificacion de los Ecosistemas del Ecuador Continental. Subsecretaria de Patrimonio Natural. Quito." title="Sistema de Clasificacion de los Ecosistemas del Ecuador Continental. Subsecretaria de Patrimonio Natural. Quito." year="2013">Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). This area lies in the
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chocó">Choco</normalizedToken>
|
||||
floristic province, where forest structure is characterised by a canopy 25-30 m high, with occasional emergent trees reaching 40 m. High levels of endemism and dominance of families, such as
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Moraceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="131" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Fabaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="131" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Meliaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="131" rank="family">Meliaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Myristicaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="131" rank="family">Myristicaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Lecythidaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="131" rank="family">Lecythidaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, have been reported for this area (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Gentry, AH" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="131" refId="B4" refString="Gentry, AH, 1982. Phytogeographic patterns as evidence for a Choco refuge. In: Biological Diversification in the Tropics. In: Prance GT (Ed.) Columbia University Press, New York, 112-136." title="Phytogeographic patterns as evidence for a Choco refuge. In: Biological Diversification in the Tropics. In: Prance GT (Ed.) Columbia University Press, New York, 112 - 136." year="1982">Gentry 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador" journalOrPublisher="Brittonia" pageId="0" pageNumber="131" refId="B10" refString="Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador, 2013. Sistema de Clasificacion de los Ecosistemas del Ecuador Continental. Subsecretaria de Patrimonio Natural. Quito." title="Sistema de Clasificacion de los Ecosistemas del Ecuador Continental. Subsecretaria de Patrimonio Natural. Quito." year="2013">Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) and the label of the type specimen indicates that
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. cayapensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="131" rank="species" species="cayapensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="131">S. cayapensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
co-occurs with the following tree species:
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="131">Terminalia amazonia</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Combretaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="131" rank="family">Combretaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Swartzia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Swartzia littlei" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="131" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="littlei">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="131">Swartzia littlei</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Fabaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="131" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Matisia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Matisia cordata" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="131" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordata">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="131">Matisia cordata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Malvaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="131" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cordiaceae" genus="Cordia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cordia alliodora" order="Boraginales" pageId="0" pageNumber="131" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alliodora">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="131">Cordia alliodora</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Boraginaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="131" rank="family">Boraginaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). The climate of this area is rainy near the Ecuador-Colombia border and becomes more seasonal to the south, where it transitions into the Lowland Seasonal Evergreen Forests of the Equatorial
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chocó">Choco</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador" journalOrPublisher="Brittonia" pageId="0" pageNumber="131" refId="B10" refString="Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador, 2013. Sistema de Clasificacion de los Ecosistemas del Ecuador Continental. Subsecretaria de Patrimonio Natural. Quito." title="Sistema de Clasificacion de los Ecosistemas del Ecuador Continental. Subsecretaria de Patrimonio Natural. Quito." year="2013">Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.160.54993.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/450565" pageId="0" pageNumber="131" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="131">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="131">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="J. Jaram. & J. E. Guevara" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Elaeocarpaceae" genus="Sloanea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sloanea cayapensis" order="Oxalidales" pageId="0" pageNumber="131" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cayapensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="131">Sloanea cayapensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Image from the holotype at QCA (
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="131">J. Jaramillo 24200</emphasis>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="131" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="131">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="131">
|
||||
From the Spanish word Cayapa, with reference to the Chachi indigenous group that inhabits a great portion of the evergreen lowland forests of the Equatorial
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chocó">Choco</normalizedToken>
|
||||
in Ecuador. The word Chachi means
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘pure’">'pure'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
in the
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cha’palaachi">Cha'palaachi</normalizedToken>
|
||||
language. The species name was first proposed by the late Ecuadorian botanist J. Jaramillo as a written annotation on herbarium specimens, but was never validly published.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="131" type="conservation status">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="131">Conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="131">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="J. Jaram. & J. E. Guevara" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Elaeocarpaceae" genus="Sloanea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sloanea cayapensis" order="Oxalidales" pageId="0" pageNumber="131" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cayapensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="131">Sloanea cayapensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
may be catalogued as Endangered (EN) following
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="Brittonia" pageId="0" pageNumber="131" refId="B8" refString="IUCN, 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, [iv +] 32 pp." title="IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, [iv +] 32 pp." year="2012">IUCN (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
criterion A2c, which indicates: "An observed, estimated, inferred or suspected population size reduction of ≥ 50% over the last 10 years or three generations, whichever is the longer, where the reduction or its causes may not have ceased or may not be understood or may not be reversible" and criterion B1ab(iii), which indicates: "Extent of occurrence (EOO) estimated to be less than 5,000 km2 and estimates indicating continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected, in area, extent and/or quality of habitat". The analysis using the GeoCat tool for geospatial conservation assessment determined an EOO of 2000 km2 (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.150.2109" author="Bachman, S" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="131" pagination="117 - 126" refId="B1" refString="Bachman, S, Moat, J, Hill, AW, de Torre, J, Scott, B, 2011. Supporting Red List threat assessments with GeoCAT: Geospatial conservation assessment tool. ZooKeys 150: 117 - 126, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.150.2109" title="Supporting Red List threat assessments with GeoCAT: Geospatial conservation assessment tool." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.150.2109" volume="150" year="2011">Bachman et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="J. Jaram. & J. E. Guevara" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Elaeocarpaceae" genus="Sloanea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sloanea cayapensis" order="Oxalidales" pageId="0" pageNumber="131" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cayapensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="131">Sloanea cayapensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is only known from two localities on the banks of the Cayapas River, in the lowland evergreen forest of the Equatorial
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chocó">Choco</normalizedToken>
|
||||
. The area has suffered extensive clear-cutting in the last 30 years, leading to a drastic reduction of native forests and expansion of oil palm plantations and illegal logging, these being the major threats faced by the species. Since collection of the types in 2003, no other specimens of this species have been recorded despite the fact that subsequent field trips have sampled the same habitat occupied by this species. Over the last 26 years, the annual rate of deforestation in the lowland evergreen forest of the Equatorial
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chocó">Choco</normalizedToken>
|
||||
in Ecuador has been 1.7-2.9% and the remnant forests in this area cover just 24% of their original extent (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Sierra, R" journalOrPublisher="dh Books, England" pageId="0" pageNumber="131" refId="B16" refString="Sierra, R, 2013. Patrones y factores de deforestacion en el Ecuador continental, 1990-2010. Y un acercamiento a los proximos 10 anos. Conservacion Internacional Ecuador y Forest Trends. Quito." title="Patrones y factores de deforestacion en el Ecuador continental, 1990 - 2010. Y un acercamiento a los proximos 10 anos. Conservacion Internacional Ecuador y Forest Trends. Quito." year="2013">Sierra 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Consequently, the habitat occupied by this species in Ecuador has been drastically reduced. However, the species is likely to occur in similar habitats in the Colombian
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chocó">Choco</normalizedToken>
|
||||
where the dynamic of deforestation is less drastic but a cause for concern.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.160.54993.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/450566" pageId="0" pageNumber="131" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="131">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="131">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="J. Jaram. & J. E. Guevara" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Elaeocarpaceae" genus="Sloanea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sloanea cayapensis" order="Oxalidales" pageId="0" pageNumber="131" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cayapensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="131">Sloanea cayapensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="131">A</emphasis>
|
||||
detail of ovary and sepals
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="131">B</emphasis>
|
||||
dorsal view of stamen
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="131">C</emphasis>
|
||||
ventral view of stamen (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="131">A-C</emphasis>
|
||||
from
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="131">J. Jaramillo 24200</emphasis>
|
||||
QCA).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
117
data/60/56/65/605665D5A6E29DE6B55173D1992B4D97.xml
Normal file
117
data/60/56/65/605665D5A6E29DE6B55173D1992B4D97.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
|
|||
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|
||||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>Annotated type catalogue of the Chrysididae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) deposited in the collection of Radoszkowski in the Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Rosa, Paolo</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Wisniowski, Bogdan</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Xu, Zai-fu</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part>
|
||||
<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number>486</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end>100</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.486.8753</mods:url>
|
||||
</mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.486.8753</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-486-1</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">27F6744E308F415FA6B92D67B2AA4A18</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">27F6744E308F415FA6B92D67B2AA4A18</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152058525" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:605665D5A6E29DE6B55173D1992B4D97" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/605665D5A6E29DE6B55173D1992B4D97" lastPageId="77" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="multiple">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Chrysididae</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Radoszkowski, 1893" authorityName="Radoszkowski" authorityYear="1893" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Notozus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Notozus komarowi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="komarowi">Notozus komarowi Radoszkowski, 1893</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Plate 64
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Notozus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Notozus Komarowi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="Komarowi">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="77" pageNumber="78" start="start">Notozus</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
Komarowi
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Radoszkowski, O" journalOrPublisher="Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="38 - 81" title="Faune hymenopterologique Transcaspienne." volume="27" year="1893 b">Radoszkowski 1893b</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
(1892): 79.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="type locality">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Type locality.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Merw”">"Merw"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="holotype">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Holotype</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||||
♀ [box 59]: golden rounded label // Semsau Merw [printed] [yellow label] //
|
||||
<taxonomicName genus="Komarowi" lsidName="Komarowi" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" rank="genus">Komarowi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Rd [handwritten by Radoszkowski].
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||||
The type is damaged, missing antennae and femora of the fore- and mid-legs. The metasoma is glued on a label. It corresponds to the female of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Elampus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elampus obesus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obesus">Elampus obesus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mocsáry">Mocsary</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 1890). Here it is proposed as new synonym of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Elampus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elampus komarowi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="komarowi">Elampus komarowi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Radoszkowski, 1893) =
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Elampus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elampus obesus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obesus">Elampus obesus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mocsáry">Mocsary</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 1890).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||||
Plate 64.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Notozus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Notozus komarowi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="komarowi">Notozus komarowi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Radoszkowski, 1893, holotype. A Mesosoma, dorso-lateral view B metasoma, dorsal view C third metasomal tergite, posterior view.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="current status">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Current status.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Elampus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elampus obesus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obesus">Elampus obesus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mocsáry">Mocsary</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 1890).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
80
data/60/56/87/6056877FFF8DFFF0FE461C42816EB2C1.xml
Normal file
80
data/60/56/87/6056877FFF8DFFF0FE461C42816EB2C1.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
|
|||
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<treatment id="6056877FFF8DFFF0FE461C42816EB2C1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6056877FFF8DFFF0FE461C42816EB2C1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6056877FFF8DFFF0FE461C42816EB2C1" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="826" pageId="26" pageNumber="825">
|
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<subSubSection id="A0E565E2FF8DFFF1FE461C4281D0B495" pageId="26" pageNumber="825" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E8403669FF8DFFF1FE461C428610B461" blockId="26.[479,836,1615,1642]" box="[479,836,1615,1642]" pageId="26" pageNumber="825">
|
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<heading id="B3088105FF8DFFF1FE461C428610B461" box="[479,836,1615,1642]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="825" reason="5">
|
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<taxonomicName id="2FFF4DEAFF8DFFF1FE461C428610B461" ID-CoL="NNTM" authority="(Truxal, 1953)" baseAuthorityName="Truxal" baseAuthorityYear="1953" box="[479,836,1615,1642]" class="Insecta" family="Notonectidae" genus="Buenoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="825" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rostra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEA7BFF8DFFF1FE461C4287C2B461" bold="true" box="[479,662,1615,1642]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="825">Buenoa rostra</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B98FF8DFFF1FD3D1C42866FB461" author="Truxal F" box="[676,827,1615,1642]" pageId="26" pageNumber="825" pagination="1351 - 1523" refId="ref31155" refString="Truxal F. 1953. A revision of the genus Buenoa (Hemiptera: Notonectidae). Univ Kans Sci Bull. 35: 1351 - 1523." type="journal article" year="1953">Truxal, 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E8403669FF8DFFF1FF591C8881D0B495" blockId="26.[160,1156,1669,1728]" box="[192,1156,1669,1694]" pageId="26" pageNumber="825">
|
||||
This species has previously been reported from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E876F9FF8DFFF1FD781C888600B495" box="[737,852,1669,1694]" name="Venezuela" pageId="26" pageNumber="825">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E876F9FF8DFFF1FC161C8886BFB495" box="[911,1003,1669,1694]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="26" pageNumber="825">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B98FF8DFFF1FC601C88812AB495" author="Truxal F" box="[1017,1150,1669,1694]" pageId="26" pageNumber="825" pagination="1351 - 1523" refId="ref31155" refString="Truxal F. 1953. A revision of the genus Buenoa (Hemiptera: Notonectidae). Univ Kans Sci Bull. 35: 1351 - 1523." type="journal article" year="1953">Truxal 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A0E565E2FF8DFFF0FF391CAA816EB2C1" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="826" pageId="26" pageNumber="825" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E8403669FF8DFFF1FF391CAA81D0B4CB" blockId="26.[160,1156,1669,1728]" box="[160,1156,1703,1728]" pageId="26" pageNumber="825">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B98FF8DFFF1FF391CAA847CB4CB" author="Nieser N" box="[160,296,1703,1728]" pageId="26" pageNumber="825" pagination="157 - 189" refId="ref27806" refString="Nieser N. 1967. The Heteroptera of the Netherlands Antilles - VI Notonectidae. Stud Fauna Curacao Carib Isl. 24 (1): 157 - 189." type="journal article" year="1967">Nieser 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). We present the first records of this species from the
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E876F9FF8DFFF1FC231CAA81D4B4CB" box="[954,1152,1703,1728]" name="US Virgin Islands" pageId="26" pageNumber="825">US Virgin Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E8403669FF8CFFF0FF391A83816EB2C1" blockId="27.[160,1155,142,202]" pageId="27" pageNumber="826">collected from brackish pools adjacent to estuaries at Red Hook Salt Pond and in the mangroves at Magens Beach, where it co-occurred with the previous two species.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
82
data/60/56/87/6056877FFF8DFFF1FE44181687DDB0FE.xml
Normal file
82
data/60/56/87/6056877FFF8DFFF1FE44181687DDB0FE.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
|
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|
||||
(Bare, 1925)
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A0E565E2FF8DFFF1FF59185C87DDB0FE" pageId="26" pageNumber="825" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E8403669FF8DFFF1FF59185C87DDB0FE" blockId="26.[160,1156,593,757]" pageId="26" pageNumber="825">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4DEAFF8DFFF1FF59185C843AB061" ID-CoL="NNTP" baseAuthorityName="Bare" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[192,366,593,618]" class="Insecta" family="Notonectidae" genus="Buenoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="825" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scimitra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEA7BFF8DFFF1FF59185C843AB061" box="[192,366,593,618]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="825">Buenoa scimitra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is widespread across North America and the Antilles, where it has been recorded in at least 15 different islands (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B98FF8DFFF1FDE9187987A2B086" author="Truxal F" box="[624,758,628,653]" pageId="26" pageNumber="825" pagination="1351 - 1523" refId="ref31155" refString="Truxal F. 1953. A revision of the genus Buenoa (Hemiptera: Notonectidae). Univ Kans Sci Bull. 35: 1351 - 1523." type="journal article" year="1953">Truxal 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B98FF8DFFF1FC9C187986DFB086" author="Nieser N" box="[773,907,628,653]" pageId="26" pageNumber="825" pagination="157 - 189" refId="ref27806" refString="Nieser N. 1967. The Heteroptera of the Netherlands Antilles - VI Notonectidae. Stud Fauna Curacao Carib Isl. 24 (1): 157 - 189." type="journal article" year="1967">Nieser 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B98FF8DFFF1FC0018798688B086" author="Nieser N" box="[921,988,628,653]" pageId="26" pageNumber="825" pagination="88 - 98" refId="ref27902" refString="Nieser N. 1969 c. Notes on Antillean Notonectidae. Stud Fauna Curacao Carib Isl. 30 (1): 88 - 98." type="journal article" year="1969">1969c</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B98FF8DFFF1FC7318798583B0BB" author="Naranjo C & Munoz Riviaux S & Figueiredo Moreira FF & Correa Court R" pageId="26" pageNumber="825" pagination="897 - 907" refId="ref27678" refString="Naranjo C, Munoz Riviaux S, Figueiredo Moreira FF, Correa Court R. 2010. Taxonomy and distribution of aquatic and semiaquatic Heteroptera (Insecta) from Cuba. Rev Biol Trop. 58 (3): 897 - 907. doi: 10.15517 / rbt. v 58 i 2.5253." type="journal article" year="2010">Naranjo et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B98FF8DFFF1FF7A189A84AAB0BB" author="Lanigan AC & Hyslop EJ" box="[227,510,663,688]" pageId="26" pageNumber="825" pagination="295 - 297" refId="ref26282" refString="Lanigan AC, Hyslop EJ. 2011. The aquatic and semiaquatic Hemiptera of Jamaica. J Freshw Ecol. 26 (2): 295 - 297. doi: 10.1080 / 02705060.2011.559335." type="journal article" year="2011">Lanigan and Hyslop 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B98FF8DFFF1FD88189A87E4B0BB" author="Nieser N" box="[529,688,663,688]" pageId="26" pageNumber="825" pagination="88 - 98" refId="ref27902" refString="Nieser N. 1969 c. Notes on Antillean Notonectidae. Stud Fauna Curacao Carib Isl. 30 (1): 88 - 98." type="journal article" year="1969">Nieser (1969c)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
reported it from St. Thomas and St. Croix. We collected this species from the water hazards at the Herman E. Moore Golf Course on the University of the
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E876F9FF8DFFF1FE1718D18777B0FE" box="[398,547,732,757]" name="Virgin Islands" pageId="26" pageNumber="825">Virgin Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||||
campus.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
158
data/60/56/87/6056877FFF90FFE3FE48196D8655B08B.xml
Normal file
158
data/60/56/87/6056877FFF90FFE3FE48196D8655B08B.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
|
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<mods:title id="D1938481CECAEC3E79EFF7403C0A98B0">A preliminary survey of the inland aquatic macroinvertebrate biodiversity of St. Thomas, US Virgin Islands</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6EC73D53D76CFABAEA52D783F281B2B1">Cruz-Rivera, Edwin</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="A0E565E2FF90FFECFE48196D8101B656" pageId="7" pageNumber="806" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E8403669FF90FFECFE48196D8606B170" blockId="7.[465,850,864,891]" box="[465,850,864,891]" pageId="7" pageNumber="806">
|
||||
<heading id="B3088105FF90FFECFE48196D8606B170" box="[465,850,864,891]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="806" reason="5">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4DEAFF90FFECFE48196D8606B170" ID-CoL="7TMBH" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[465,850,864,891]" class="Gastropoda" family="Neritidae" genus="Vitta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cycloneritida" pageId="7" pageNumber="806" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="virginea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEA7BFF90FFECFE48196D87D5B170" bold="true" box="[465,641,864,891]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="806">Vitta virginea</emphasis>
|
||||
(Linnaeus, 1758)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E8403669FF90FFECFF59199B8101B656" blockId="7.[160,1156,918,1117]" pageId="7" pageNumber="806">
|
||||
This species is reported as common in the Caribbean (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B98FF90FFECFCD3199B8583B1D9" author="Quintero-Galvis J & Castro LR" pageId="7" pageNumber="806" pagination="307 - 318" refId="ref28819" refString="Quintero-Galvis J, Castro LR. 2013. Molecular phylogeny of the Neritidae (Gastropoda: Neritimorpha) based on the mitochondrial genes Cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and 16 s rRNA. Acta Biolo Colomb. 8: 307 - 318." type="journal article" year="2013">Quintero-Galvis and Castro 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), but we found it only in one location. This species was common in the lower reaches of Dorothea ghut, covering large boulders with as many as thirty per square metre. It occurred in both the primary channel and in pools cut off from the main flow. These pools often had high amounts of decomposing vegetation. Between the main channel and peripheral cut off pools, we found this snail in water with pH ranges from 6.5 to 8.5.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A0E565E2FF90FFE3FF391E958655B08B" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="807" pageId="7" pageNumber="806" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E8403669FF90FFECFF391E9586D5B6DE" blockId="7.[160,897,1176,1237]" box="[160,897,1176,1237]" pageId="7" pageNumber="806">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4DEAFF90FFECFF391E958444B6B9" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1871" box="[160,272,1176,1202]" class="Gastropoda" family="Thiaridae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="806" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEA7BFF90FFECFF391E958444B6B9" bold="true" box="[160,272,1176,1202]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="806">Thiaridae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4DEAFF90FFECFE381EB786D5B6DE" authority="(Muller, 1774)" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[417,897,1210,1237]" class="Gastropoda" family="Thiaridae" genus="Melanoides" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="806" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tuberculata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEA7BFF90FFECFE381EB78784B6DE" bold="true" box="[417,720,1210,1237]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="806">Melanoides tuberculata</emphasis>
|
||||
(Müller, 1774)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E8403669FF90FFECFF591EFD868BB468" blockId="7.[160,1156,1264,1635]" pageId="7" pageNumber="806">
|
||||
This is one of two globally invasive freshwater snail species and is endemic to eastern Africa, portions of the Middle East, and southern and southeastern Asia (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B98FF90FFECFC221F1F8122B720" author="Facon B & Pointier J-P & Glaubrecht M & Poux C & Jarne P & David P" box="[955,1142,1298,1323]" pageId="7" pageNumber="806" pagination="3027 - 3039" refId="ref24691" refString="Facon B, Pointier J-P, Glaubrecht M, Poux C, Jarne P, David P. 2003. A molecular phylogeography approach to biological invasions of the New World by parthenogenetic thiarid snails. Mol Ecol. 12: 3027 - 3039. doi: 10.1046 / j. 1365 - 294 X. 2003.01972. x." type="journal article" year="2003">Facon et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). It is widespread through the American tropics, including the Caribbean, where it has been introduced as an agent of biocontrol to compete with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4DEAFF90FFECFC8D1F558158B77A" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[788,1036,1368,1393]" class="Gastropoda" family="Planorbidae" genus="Biomphalaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="806" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="glabrata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEA7BFF90FFECFC8D1F558158B77A" box="[788,1036,1368,1393]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="806">Biomphalaria glabrata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, the intermediate host of the schistosomiasis parasite (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B98FF90FFECFD061F778627B798" author="Pointier JP & David P & Jarne P" box="[671,883,1402,1427]" pageId="7" pageNumber="806" pagination="215 - 238" refId="ref28592" refString="Pointier JP, David P, Jarne P. 2011. The biological control of the snail hosts of schistosomes: the role of competitor snails and biological invasions. In: Toledo R, Fried B, editors. Biomphalaria Snails and Larval Trematodes. New York (USA): Springer; p. 215 - 238. doi: 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4419 - 7028 - 2 _ 9." type="book chapter" year="2011">Pointier et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B98FF90FFECFC191F778583B7BD" author="Hewitt R & Willingham AL" pageId="7" pageNumber="806" pagination="24" refId="ref25545" refString="Hewitt R, Willingham AL. 2019. Status of schistosomiasis elimination in the Caribbean region. Trop Med Infect Dis. 4 (1): 24. doi: 10.3390 / tropicalmed 4010024." type="journal article" year="2019">Hewitt and Willingham 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). It has been reported previously from St John (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B98FF90FFECFCAA1F9086A0B7BD" author="Muchmore WB" box="[819,1012,1437,1462]" pageId="7" pageNumber="806" pagination="30 - 38" refId="ref27570" refString="Muchmore WB. 1993. List of terrestrial invertebrates of St. John, US Virgin Islands (exclusive of Acarina and Insecta), with some records of freshwater species. Caribb J Sci. 29 (1 - 2): 30 - 38." type="journal article" year="1993">Muchmore 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B98FF90FFECFB911F90841BB7D2" author="Smith DG & Brousseau DJ" pageId="7" pageNumber="806" pagination="33 - 42" refId="ref30275" refString="Smith DG, Brousseau DJ. 1996. Survey of the freshwater mollusks of St. John, U. S. Virgin Islands, with descriptions and anatomical details of two species. Caribb J Sci. 32: 33 - 42." type="journal article" year="1996">Smith and Brousseau 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) and
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E876F9FF90FFECFE151FCD84ABB7D2" box="[396,511,1472,1497]" name="Virgin Islands" pageId="7" pageNumber="806">St Thomas</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B98FF90FFECFD921FCD8789B7D2" author="Nemeth D & Platenberg R & Mathurin R & Hodge D" box="[523,733,1472,1497]" pageId="7" pageNumber="806" pagination="70 - 74" refId="ref27733" refString="Nemeth D, Platenberg R, Mathurin R, Hodge D. 2007. Impact of watershed development on diversity of freshwater fish and crustaceans on St. Thomas, US Virgin Islands. In: Hwang S, editor. Proc 7 th Caribbean Islands Water Resources Congress; Oct 25 - 26 2007; St. Croix, U. S. Virgin Islands. p. 70 - 74." type="book chapter" year="2007">Nemeth et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). It is also a popular aquarium subject. We found
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4DEAFF90FFECFE8C1FEF84E0B7F0" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[277,436,1506,1531]" class="Gastropoda" family="Thiaridae" genus="Melanoides" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="806" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tuberculata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEA7BFF90FFECFE8C1FEF84E0B7F0" box="[277,436,1506,1531]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="806">M. tuberculata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
to be widespread in freshwaters of St. Thomas Island, occurring in all ghuts at all elevations, natural ponds and impoundments, as well as in ditches, drains, water gardens, and artificial fishponds in residential and commercial areas. This was the most widespread and abundant freshwater species on the
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E876F9FF90FFECFC0E1C478688B468" box="[919,988,1610,1635]" name="Iceland" pageId="7" pageNumber="806">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E8403669FF9FFFE3FF391A8386D1B2C0" blockId="8.[160,901,142,203]" box="[160,901,142,203]" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4DEAFF9FFFE3FF391A83846EB2A3" authorityName="Tryon" authorityYear="1866" box="[160,314,142,168]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEA7BFF9FFFE3FF391A83846EB2A3" bold="true" box="[160,314,142,168]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">Cochliopidae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4DEAFF9FFFE3FE061ABD86D1B2C0" authority="(Pfeiffer, 1840)" baseAuthorityName="Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[415,901,176,203]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cochliopidae" genus="Pyrgophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="coronatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEA7BFF9FFFE3FE061ABD879EB2C0" bold="true" box="[415,714,176,203]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">Pyrgophorus coronatus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Pfeiffer, 1840)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E8403669FF9FFFE3FF591AEB85B0B3A7" blockId="8.[160,1156,230,428]" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">
|
||||
We found specimens referable to this species in an upper reach of Turpentine Run ghut (St. Thomas). The taxon has been reported widely from the Caribbean Islands, and
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E876F9FF9FFFE3FBAA1B0581D7B32A" box="[1075,1155,264,289]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||||
south to
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E876F9FF9FFFE3FE901B26842BB34F" box="[265,383,299,324]" name="Venezuela" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, but it needs to be examined to determine if it represents multiple species (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B98FF9FFFE3FF671B4384E2B36C" author="Thompson FG" box="[254,438,334,359]" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" pagination="1 - 299" refId="ref30831" refString="Thompson FG. 2011. An annotated checklist and bibliography of the land and freshwater snails of Mexico and Central America. Bull Fla Mus Nat Hist. 50: 1 - 299." type="journal article" year="2011">Thompson 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). It has previously been reported from brackish and freshwaters in the
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E876F9FF9FFFE3FF701B7D842BB382" box="[233,383,368,393]" name="Virgin Islands" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">Virgin Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E876F9FF9FFFE3FE201B7D876EB382" box="[441,570,368,393]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B98FF9FFFE3FDDE1B7D86DDB382" author="Ferguson FF & Richards CS" box="[583,905,368,393]" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" pagination="391 - 395" refId="ref24776" refString="Ferguson FF, Richards CS. 1963. Fresh-water mollusks of Puerto Rico and the U. S Virgin Islands Trans Am Microsc Soc. 82: 391 - 395. doi: 10.2307 / 3224199." type="journal article" year="1963">Ferguson and Richards 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B98FF9FFFE3FC0F1B7D8583B3A7" author="Smith DG & Brousseau DJ" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" pagination="33 - 42" refId="ref30275" refString="Smith DG, Brousseau DJ. 1996. Survey of the freshwater mollusks of St. John, U. S. Virgin Islands, with descriptions and anatomical details of two species. Caribb J Sci. 32: 33 - 42." type="journal article" year="1996">Smith and Brousseau 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E8403669FF9FFFE3FF391BD68464B3FE" blockId="8.[160,1156,475,640]" box="[160,304,475,501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4DEAFF9FFFE3FF391BD68464B3FE" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[160,304,475,501]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEA7BFF9FFFE3FF391BD68464B3FE" bold="true" box="[160,304,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">Lymnaeidae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E8403669FF9FFFE3FF391BF28655B08B" blockId="8.[160,1156,475,640]" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">
|
||||
Two species are reported from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E876F9FF9FFFE3FD941BF287C4B013" box="[525,656,511,536]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and the
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E876F9FF9FFFE3FD671BF286CDB013" box="[766,921,511,536]" name="Virgin Islands" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">Virgin Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||||
. One we found (see below) the other
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4DEAFF9FFFE3FEF3182C87B5B031" authority="(Pfeiffer, 1839)" baseAuthorityName="Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[362,737,545,570]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Lymnaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cubensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEA7BFF9FFFE3FEF3182C8766B031" box="[362,562,545,570]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">Lymnaea cubensis</emphasis>
|
||||
(Pfeiffer, 1839)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, also known from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E876F9FF9FFFE3FC2E182C86A0B031" box="[951,1012,545,570]" name="Cuba" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E876F9FF9FFFE3FB99182C81D7B031" box="[1024,1155,545,570]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and St. Croix (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B98FF9FFFE3FEDB184984B2B056" author="Simpson CT" box="[322,486,580,605]" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" pagination="423 - 450" refId="ref30099" refString="Simpson CT. 1895. Distribution of the land and fresh-water mollusks of the West Indian region, and their evidence with regard to past changes of land and sea. Proc US Nat Mus. 17: 423 - 450. doi: 10.5479 / si. 00963801.17 - 1011.423." type="journal article" year="1895">Simpson 1895</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B98FF9FFFE3FE6C1849866FB056" author="Ferguson FF & Richards CS" box="[501,827,580,605]" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" pagination="391 - 395" refId="ref24776" refString="Ferguson FF, Richards CS. 1963. Fresh-water mollusks of Puerto Rico and the U. S Virgin Islands Trans Am Microsc Soc. 82: 391 - 395. doi: 10.2307 / 3224199." type="journal article" year="1963">Ferguson and Richards 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B98FF9FFFE3FCD31849812AB056" author="Harry HW & Hubendick B" box="[842,1150,580,605]" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" pagination="1 - 77" refId="ref25430" refString="Harry HW, Hubendick B. 1964. The freshwater pulmonate Mollusca of Puerto Rico. K Vet O Vitterh Samh Handl. 9 (5): 1 - 77." type="journal article" year="1964">Harry and Hubendick 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B98FF9FFFE3FF39186A8403B08B" author="Thompson FG" box="[160,343,615,640]" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" pagination="1 - 299" refId="ref30831" refString="Thompson FG. 2011. An annotated checklist and bibliography of the land and freshwater snails of Mexico and Central America. Bull Fla Mus Nat Hist. 50: 1 - 299." type="journal article" year="2011">Thompson 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) was not encountered in our surveys.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
248
data/60/56/87/6056877FFFB3FFCEFE0B1C4286FAB418.xml
Normal file
248
data/60/56/87/6056877FFFB3FFCEFE0B1C4286FAB418.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
|
|||
<document id="9BFE8AAD415FD406D9E6D29D2C63E592" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2021.1923850" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5464704" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630916377261" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Rogers, D. Christopher & Cruz-Rivera, Edwin" docDate="2021" docId="6056877FFFB3FFCEFE0B1C4286FAB418" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.55.13-14.799-850.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 55 (13 - 14)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2021.1923850" docStyle="DocumentStyle:3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62.3:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Tanytarsus bromelicola" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="836" masterDocId="9C6FFF07FF97FFEBFF991A0D8554B20B" masterDocTitle="A preliminary survey of the inland aquatic macroinvertebrate biodiversity of St. Thomas, US Virgin Islands" masterLastPageNumber="850" masterPageNumber="799" pageNumber="835" updateTime="1699282100853" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
|
||||
<mods:mods id="3D41B4DB8B7E73DAC0C936684D966E50" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
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<mods:titleInfo id="69648A49299910585B5B0E932E932BD7">
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<mods:title id="FA3AC64BFB97118CBD7F7668185D3C62">A preliminary survey of the inland aquatic macroinvertebrate biodiversity of St. Thomas, US Virgin Islands</mods:title>
|
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</mods:titleInfo>
|
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<mods:name id="95036E61A774AA2F86E293B7AF52F0D2" type="personal">
|
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<mods:roleTerm id="FAEA59B67D0D8977E6837281B15E5A9C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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|
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<mods:namePart id="A2648672992536289CDCC96C65B5C35A">Rogers, D. Christopher</mods:namePart>
|
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</mods:name>
|
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<mods:roleTerm id="7A8097612D586E66D0F1CDBD75B96642">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
|
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<mods:namePart id="811726F3AAFA8C894BD37C4A3683BE0E">Cruz-Rivera, Edwin</mods:namePart>
|
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</mods:name>
|
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<mods:typeOfResource id="6A49EAAF78891C3481D943391D96CAF0">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="9F85D83BD836B28F36E3E3BA3544077C">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
|
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</mods:titleInfo>
|
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<mods:part id="365B3E339992BD766F854EFFFA0F6FD4">
|
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<mods:date id="4B8123D9B667EEF74173C260CD3E8CC8">2021</mods:date>
|
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<mods:detail id="BC528DEF7BEFF22C9B9EFE22E14A5EE2" type="pubDate">
|
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<mods:number id="2A2AA416BE359FACABBD4CA8BB02CE2F">2021-06-16</mods:number>
|
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|
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<mods:detail id="B35B865C6C806D90ABA6DF7934F17DF8" type="volume">
|
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<mods:number id="166855059323330D6AECFB9049498D14">55</mods:number>
|
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|
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<mods:detail id="6A0D4FFF4E04D58AA56295EDC8C80D67" type="issue">
|
||||
<mods:number id="A2D4848B87628851E96066AEC1400445">13 - 14</mods:number>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<mods:location id="3B9FEFAF5308BE55E93F738EB4EE9C79">
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|
||||
<mods:identifier id="EC24654FE552E72866E85B1A1656FA8D" type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2021.1923850</mods:identifier>
|
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<mods:identifier id="DAFB5887EE270E5E6162BBADAA5D142F" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
|
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<mods:identifier id="E7D6D453586F13C59D7ABC3034C05A84" type="Zenodo-Dep">5464704</mods:identifier>
|
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|
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<treatment id="6056877FFFB3FFCEFE0B1C4286FAB418" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6056877FFFB3FFCEFE0B1C4286FAB418" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6056877FFFB3FFCEFE0B1C4286FAB418" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="836" pageId="36" pageNumber="835">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A0E565E2FFB3FFCFFE0B1C4281D7B495" pageId="36" pageNumber="835" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E8403669FFB3FFCFFE0B1C4286C5B461" blockId="36.[402,913,1615,1642]" box="[402,913,1615,1642]" pageId="36" pageNumber="835">
|
||||
<heading id="B3088105FFB3FFCFFE0B1C4286C5B461" box="[402,913,1615,1642]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="36" pageNumber="835" reason="5">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4DEAFFB3FFCFFE0B1C4286C5B461" ID-CoL="54QKN" authority="(Cranston, 2007)" baseAuthorityName="Cranston" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[402,913,1615,1642]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tanytarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="835" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bromelicola">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEA7BFFB3FFCFFE0B1C4287EAB461" bold="true" box="[402,702,1615,1642]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="835">Tanytarsus bromelicola</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B98FFB3FFCFFD571C4286DCB461" author="Cranston PS" box="[718,904,1615,1642]" pageId="36" pageNumber="835" pagination="617 - 622" refId="ref23777" refString="Cranston PS. 2007. A new species for a bromeliad phytotelm-dwelling Tanytarsus (Diptera: Chironomidae). Ann Entomol Soc Am. 100 (5): 617 - 622. doi: 10.1603 / 0013 - 8746 (2007) 100 [617: ANSFAB] 2.0. CO; 2." type="journal article" year="2007">Cranston, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E8403669FFB3FFCFFF591C8881D7B495" blockId="36.[160,1155,1669,1728]" box="[192,1155,1669,1694]" pageId="36" pageNumber="835">This chironomid is a predator and was found in ornamental bromeliad phytotelmata in</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A0E565E2FFB3FFCEFF391CAA86FAB418" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="836" pageId="36" pageNumber="835" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E8403669FFB3FFCEFF391CAA85A7B339" blockId="36.[160,1155,1669,1728]" lastBlockId="37.[160,1156,142,306]" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="836" pageId="36" pageNumber="835">
|
||||
Mahogany Run on St. Thomas. This is the only species in the genus known from bromeliads, and is reported from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E876F9FFB2FFCEFDB81A8387F7B2AC" box="[545,675,142,167]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="37" pageNumber="836">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and Florida (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B98FFB2FFCEFCA21A8386B5B2AC" author="Cranston PS" box="[827,993,142,167]" pageId="37" pageNumber="836" pagination="617 - 622" refId="ref23777" refString="Cranston PS. 2007. A new species for a bromeliad phytotelm-dwelling Tanytarsus (Diptera: Chironomidae). Ann Entomol Soc Am. 100 (5): 617 - 622. doi: 10.1603 / 0013 - 8746 (2007) 100 [617: ANSFAB] 2.0. CO; 2." type="journal article" year="2007">Cranston 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B98FFB2FFCEFC6F1A8381D0B2AC" author="Miller AC" box="[1014,1156,142,167]" pageId="37" pageNumber="836" pagination="391 - 396" refId="ref27369" refString="Miller AC. 1971. Observations on the Chironomidae (Diptera) inhabiting the leaf axils of two species of Bromeliaceae on St. John, US Virgin Islands. Can Entomol. 103 (3): 391 - 396. doi: 10.4039 / Ent 103391 - 3." type="journal article" year="1971">Miller (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
identified a chironomid from St. John bromeliads as possibly
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4DEAFFB2FFCEFC111ABC8153B2C1" authorityName="Malloch" authorityYear="1915" box="[904,1031,177,202]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tanytarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confusus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEA7BFFB2FFCEFC111ABC8153B2C1" box="[904,1031,177,202]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="836">T. confusus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. However,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B98FFB2FFCEFF391AD98407B2E6" author="Cranston PS" box="[160,339,212,237]" pageId="37" pageNumber="836" pagination="617 - 622" refId="ref23777" refString="Cranston PS. 2007. A new species for a bromeliad phytotelm-dwelling Tanytarsus (Diptera: Chironomidae). Ann Entomol Soc Am. 100 (5): 617 - 622. doi: 10.1603 / 0013 - 8746 (2007) 100 [617: ANSFAB] 2.0. CO; 2." type="journal article" year="2007">Cranston (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
argues the identification was likely mistaken and those specimens were
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4DEAFFB2FFCEFF391AFB846EB304" baseAuthorityName="Cranston" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[160,314,246,271]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tanytarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bromelicola">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEA7BFFB2FFCEFF391AFB846EB304" box="[160,314,246,271]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="836">T. bromelicola</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. As such, this is the first confirmed record of this species from the
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E876F9FFB2FFCEFBD81AFB85BBB339" name="Virgin Islands" pageId="37" pageNumber="836">Virgin Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E8403669FFB2FFCEFF391B5384BFB373" blockId="37.[160,1155,350,479]" box="[160,491,350,376]" pageId="37" pageNumber="836">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEA7BFFB2FFCEFF391B5384BFB373" bold="true" box="[160,491,350,376]" pageId="37" pageNumber="836">
|
||||
Odontomyia
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEA7BFFB2FFCEFEA11B538415B373" bold="true" box="[312,321,350,376]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="836">/</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4DEAFFB2FFCEFEDB1B5384B4B373" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1914" box="[322,480,350,376]" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" genus="Hedriodiscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hedriodiscus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEA7BFFB2FFCEFE461B5384BFB373" bold="true" box="[479,491,350,376]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="836">?</emphasis>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E8403669FFB2FFCEFF391B8C86B5B3D4" blockId="37.[160,1155,350,479]" pageId="37" pageNumber="836">
|
||||
Little is known about the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4DEAFFB2FFCEFE7B1B8C872AB391" box="[482,638,385,410]" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Stratiomyidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
of the Caribbean.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B98FFB2FFCEFCF01B8C815CB391" author="Curran CH" box="[873,1032,385,410]" pageId="37" pageNumber="836" pagination="1 - 118" refId="ref24134" refString="Curran CH. 1928. Insects of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands: diptera or two-winged flies. Sci Surv Porto Rico Virgin Islands. 11: 1 - 118." type="journal article" year="1928">Curran (1928)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
described
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4DEAFFB2FFCEFF391BA9843AB3B6" authorityName="Curran" authorityYear="1928" box="[160,366,420,445]" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" genus="Nemotelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEA7BFFB2FFCEFF391BA9843AB3B6" box="[160,366,420,445]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="836">Nemotelus thomae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from saline pools on St. Thomas. We collected early instar stratiomyid larvae from freshwater in Bolongo pond, from dense marginal vegetation.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E8403669FFB2FFCEFF3918068412B02E" blockId="37.[160,1155,523,653]" box="[160,326,523,549]" pageId="37" pageNumber="836">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4DEAFFB2FFCEFF3918068412B02E" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1835" box="[160,326,523,549]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEA7BFFB2FFCEFF3918068412B02E" bold="true" box="[160,326,523,549]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="836">Cecidomyidae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E8403669FFB2FFCEFF3918228457B086" blockId="37.[160,1155,523,653]" pageId="37" pageNumber="836">
|
||||
Unidentified larvae of this family were found on St. Thomas at the University of the
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E876F9FFB2FFCEFBD8182285B8B061" name="Virgin Islands" pageId="37" pageNumber="836">Virgin Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||||
in moss clumps in a concrete drainage behind the Classroom Administration Building.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E8403669FFB2FFCEFF3918B48471B0D8" blockId="37.[160,1156,697,1138]" box="[160,293,697,723]" pageId="37" pageNumber="836">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4DEAFFB2FFCEFF3918B48471B0D8" authorityName="Zetterstedt" authorityYear="1837" box="[160,293,697,723]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEA7BFFB2FFCEFF3918B48471B0D8" bold="true" box="[160,293,697,723]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="836">Ephydridae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E8403669FFB2FFCEFF3918D18420B679" blockId="37.[160,1156,697,1138]" pageId="37" pageNumber="836">
|
||||
Unidentified larvae from the subfamily
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4DEAFFB2FFCEFDFD18D187B7B0FE" authorityName="Zetterstedt" authorityYear="1837" box="[612,739,732,757]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ephydrinae">Ephydrinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
were found in bromeliads from the Yacht Haven Grande Marina. Species in this family known from the US Virgin Islands, include
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4DEAFFB2FFCEFF64192F873EB130" authority="Loew, 1878" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1878" box="[253,618,802,827]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Paralimna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decipiens">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEA7BFFB2FFCEFF64192F848FB130" box="[253,475,802,827]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="836">Paralimna decipiens</emphasis>
|
||||
Loew, 1878
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4DEAFFB2FFCEFDEE192F86C9B130" authority="Williston, 1896" authorityName="Williston" authorityYear="1896" box="[631,925,802,827]" class="Insecta" family="Nepidae" genus="Ranatra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscura">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEA7BFFB2FFCEFDEE192F87BEB130" box="[631,746,802,827]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="836">P. obscura</emphasis>
|
||||
Williston, 1896
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4DEAFFB2FFCEFC32192F846AB156" authority="Cresson, 1941" authorityName="Cresson" authorityYear="1941" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Discocerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEA7BFFB2FFCEFC32192F81D7B130" box="[939,1155,802,827]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="836">Discocerina flavipes</emphasis>
|
||||
Cresson, 1941
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4DEAFFB2FFCEFED01949878FB156" authority="(Fallen, 1813)" baseAuthorityName="Fallen" baseAuthorityYear="1813" box="[329,731,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Discocerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurella">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEA7BFFB2FFCEFED01949876FB156" box="[329,571,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="836">Discocerina obscurella</emphasis>
|
||||
(Fallén, 1813)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4DEAFFB2FFCEFD7F194981D4B156" authority="(Loew, 1862)" baseAuthorityName="Loew" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[742,1152,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Cressonomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aciculata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEA7BFFB2FFCEFD7F194986B3B156" box="[742,999,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="836">Cressonomyia aciculata</emphasis>
|
||||
(Loew, 1862)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4DEAFFB2FFCEFF39196A8741B18B" authority="Williston, 1896" authorityName="Williston" authorityYear="1896" box="[160,533,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Discomyza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubia">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEA7BFFB2FFCEFF39196A840AB18B" box="[160,350,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="836">Discomyza dubia</emphasis>
|
||||
Williston, 1896
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4DEAFFB2FFCEFDBD196A8174B18B" authority="(Wiedemann, 1824)" baseAuthorityName="Wiedemann" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[548,1056,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Discomyza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculipennis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEA7BFFB2FFCEFDBD196A8660B18B" box="[548,820,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="836">Discomyza maculipennis</emphasis>
|
||||
(Wiedemann, 1824)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4DEAFFB2FFCEFBB6196A84E4B1A8" authority="(Williston, 1987)" baseAuthorityName="Williston" baseAuthorityYear="1987" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Parydra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humilis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEA7BFFB2FFCEFBB6196A85BAB1A8" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="836">Parydra humilis</emphasis>
|
||||
(Williston, 1987)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and an unidentified species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4DEAFFB2FFCEFCBF198786DEB1A8" box="[806,906,906,931]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Ochthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEA7BFFB2FFCEFCBF198786DEB1A8" box="[806,906,906,931]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="836">Ochthera</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B98FFB2FFCEFC021987817EB1A8" author="Curran CH" box="[923,1066,906,931]" pageId="37" pageNumber="836" pagination="1 - 118" refId="ref24134" refString="Curran CH. 1928. Insects of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands: diptera or two-winged flies. Sci Surv Porto Rico Virgin Islands. 11: 1 - 118." type="journal article" year="1928">Curran 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B98FFB2FFCEFBA319878583B1CE" author="Barber HG" pageId="37" pageNumber="836" pagination="264 - 441" refId="ref22283" refString="Barber HG. 1939. Insects of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands: Hemiptera-Heteroptera (excepting the Miridae and Corixidae). Sci Surv Porto Rico Virgin Islands. 14: 264 - 441." type="journal article" year="1939">Barber 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B98FFB2FFCEFF7E19A18427B1CE" author="Mathis WN" box="[231,371,940,965]" pageId="37" pageNumber="836" pagination="1 - 77" refId="ref26965" refString="Mathis WN. 1997. Shore Flies of the Belizean Cays (Diptera: Ephydridae). Smithson Contrib Zool. 592: 1 - 77. doi: 10.5479 / si. 00810282.592." type="journal article" year="1997">Mathis 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B98FFB2FFCEFE1B19A187EBB1CE" author="Ale-Rocha R & Mathis WN" box="[386,703,940,965]" pageId="37" pageNumber="836" pagination="1 - 149" refId="ref22105" refString="Ale-Rocha R, Mathis WN. 2015. A revision of the New World species of Paralimna Loew (Diptera: Ephydridae). Smithson Contrib Zool. 643: 1 - 149." type="journal article" year="2015">Ale-Rocha and Mathis 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B98FFB2FFCEFD5719A186CAB1CE" author="Mathis WN & Rodrigues FDA Jr. & Couri MS" box="[718,926,940,965]" pageId="37" pageNumber="836" pagination="752 - 770" refId="ref27000" refString="Mathis WN, Rodrigues FDA Jr., Couri MS. 2016. Family Ephydridae. Zootaxa. 4122 (1): 752 - 770. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4122.1.64." type="journal article" year="2016">Mathis et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4DEAFFB2FFCEFC2C19A1842EB1E3" authority="(Wiedemann, 1830)" authorityName="Ale-Rocha and Mathis" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Wiedemann" baseAuthorityYear="1830" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Paralimna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEA7BFFB2FFCEFC2C19A181D7B1CE" box="[949,1155,940,965]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="836">Paralimna thomae</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B98FFB2FFCEFF3F19C28427B1E3" author="Wiedemann CRW" box="[166,371,975,1000]" pageId="37" pageNumber="836" refId="ref31761" refString="Wiedemann CRW. 1830. Aussereuropaische zweiflugelige Insecten, Vol. 2. Hamm (GER): Schulz; p. 648." type="journal volume" year="1830">Wiedemann, 1830</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was originally described from St. Thomas (as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4DEAFFB2FFCEFCE419C28165B1E3" authorityName="Wiedemann" authorityYear="1830" box="[893,1073,975,1000]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Ephydra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEA7BFFB2FFCEFCE419C28165B1E3" box="[893,1073,975,1000]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="836">Ephydra thomae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) and is the most widespread member of the genus in the Americas (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B98FFB2FFCEFCDD19FC8122B601" author="Ale-Rocha R & Mathis WN" box="[836,1142,1009,1034]" pageId="37" pageNumber="836" pagination="1 - 149" refId="ref22105" refString="Ale-Rocha R, Mathis WN. 2015. A revision of the New World species of Paralimna Loew (Diptera: Ephydridae). Smithson Contrib Zool. 643: 1 - 149." type="journal article" year="2015">Ale-Rocha and Mathis 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Several other
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4DEAFFB2FFCEFEA71E1984E9B626" authorityName="Zetterstedt" authorityYear="1837" box="[318,445,1044,1069]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ephydridae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are known from Puerto Rico and could also occur in the
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E876F9FFB2FFCEFBD61E1981D7B626" box="[1103,1155,1044,1069]" name="Virgin Islands" pageId="37" pageNumber="836">USVI</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B98FFB2FFCEFF3F1E3A8461B65B" author="Curran CH" box="[166,309,1079,1104]" pageId="37" pageNumber="836" pagination="1 - 118" refId="ref24134" refString="Curran CH. 1928. Insects of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands: diptera or two-winged flies. Sci Surv Porto Rico Virgin Islands. 11: 1 - 118." type="journal article" year="1928">Curran 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B98FFB2FFCEFEDC1E3A8484B65B" author="Barber HG" box="[325,464,1079,1104]" pageId="37" pageNumber="836" pagination="264 - 441" refId="ref22283" refString="Barber HG. 1939. Insects of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands: Hemiptera-Heteroptera (excepting the Miridae and Corixidae). Sci Surv Porto Rico Virgin Islands. 14: 264 - 441." type="journal article" year="1939">Barber 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B98FFB2FFCEFE781E3A867BB65B" author="Mathis WN & Zatwarnicki T" box="[481,815,1079,1104]" pageId="37" pageNumber="836" pagination="1 - 116" refId="ref27035" refString="Mathis WN, Zatwarnicki T. 2012. A revision of the new world species of Polytrichophora Cresson and Facitrichophora, new genus (Diptera, Ephydridae). ZooKeys. 231: 1 - 116. doi: 10.3897 / zookeys. 231.3687." type="journal article" year="2012">Mathis and Zatwarnicki 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B98FFB2FFCEFCD91E3A812AB65B" author="Ale-Rocha R & Mathis WN" box="[832,1150,1079,1104]" pageId="37" pageNumber="836" pagination="1 - 149" refId="ref22105" refString="Ale-Rocha R, Mathis WN. 2015. A revision of the New World species of Paralimna Loew (Diptera: Ephydridae). Smithson Contrib Zool. 643: 1 - 149." type="journal article" year="2015">Ale-Rocha and Mathis 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B98FFB2FFCEFF391E548433B679" author="Mathis WN & Rodrigues FDA Jr. & Couri MS" box="[160,359,1113,1138]" pageId="37" pageNumber="836" pagination="752 - 770" refId="ref27000" refString="Mathis WN, Rodrigues FDA Jr., Couri MS. 2016. Family Ephydridae. Zootaxa. 4122 (1): 752 - 770. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4122.1.64." type="journal article" year="2016">Mathis et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E8403669FFB2FFCEFF391E938442B6B3" blockId="37.[160,1156,1182,1555]" box="[160,278,1182,1208]" pageId="37" pageNumber="836">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4DEAFFB2FFCEFF391E938442B6B3" box="[160,278,1182,1208]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEA7BFFB2FFCEFF391E938442B6B3" bold="true" box="[160,278,1182,1208]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="836">Syrphidae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E8403669FFB2FFCEFF391ECF847BB7A0" blockId="37.[160,1156,1182,1555]" pageId="37" pageNumber="836">
|
||||
Unidentified larvae were found on St. Thomas in brackish pools with decomposing vegetation in the mangroves at Magens Beach and Red Hook. A freshwater form very similar to
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEA7BFFB2FFCEFE961F0A840EB72B" box="[271,346,1287,1312]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="836">Erstalis</emphasis>
|
||||
sp. was encountered in the dense, rotting vegetation of an embayment part of a small ghut at Raphune Hill (which also had evidence of septic contamination).
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B98FFB2FFCEFF391F41846CB76E" author="Curran CH" box="[160,312,1356,1381]" pageId="37" pageNumber="836" pagination="1 - 118" refId="ref24134" refString="Curran CH. 1928. Insects of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands: diptera or two-winged flies. Sci Surv Porto Rico Virgin Islands. 11: 1 - 118." type="journal article" year="1928">Curran (1928)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
reported two species of
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEA7BFFB2FFCEFDD41F4187CCB76E" box="[589,664,1356,1381]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="836">Erstalis</emphasis>
|
||||
from St. Thomas. Other syrphid larvae were found in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4DEAFFB2FFCEFE8C1F6284B1B783" box="[277,485,1391,1416]" class="Liliopsida" family="Heliconiaceae" genus="Heliconia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="37" pageNumber="836" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caribaea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEA7BFFB2FFCEFE8C1F6284B1B783" box="[277,485,1391,1416]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="836">Heliconia caribaea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4DEAFFB2FFCEFDB51F628649B783" box="[556,797,1391,1416]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Billbergia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="37" pageNumber="836" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pyramidalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEA7BFFB2FFCEFDB51F628649B783" box="[556,797,1391,1416]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="836">Billbergia pyramidalis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
phytotelmata at the Etelman Observatory.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E8403669FFB2FFCEFF591FB986FAB418" blockId="37.[160,1156,1182,1555]" pageId="37" pageNumber="836">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B98FFB2FFCEFF591FB9840DB7C6" author="Curran CH" box="[192,345,1460,1485]" pageId="37" pageNumber="836" pagination="1 - 118" refId="ref24134" refString="Curran CH. 1928. Insects of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands: diptera or two-winged flies. Sci Surv Porto Rico Virgin Islands. 11: 1 - 118." type="journal article" year="1928">Curran (1928)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
reported several syrphid species from Puerto Rico and the
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E876F9FFB2FFCEFC6C1FB98178B7C6" box="[1013,1068,1460,1485]" name="Virgin Islands" pageId="37" pageNumber="836">USVI</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, including
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4DEAFFB2FFCEFF551FDA870BB7FB" authority="Wiedemann, 1830" authorityName="Wiedemann" authorityYear="1830" box="[204,607,1495,1520]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Palpada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albifrons">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEA7BFFB2FFCEFF551FDA84DFB7FB" box="[204,395,1495,1520]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="836">Palpada albifrons</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B98FFB2FFCEFE0A1FDA870BB7FB" author="Wiedemann CRW" box="[403,607,1495,1520]" pageId="37" pageNumber="836" refId="ref31761" refString="Wiedemann CRW. 1830. Aussereuropaische zweiflugelige Insecten, Vol. 2. Hamm (GER): Schulz; p. 648." type="journal volume" year="1830">Wiedemann, 1830</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4DEAFFB2FFCEFD001FDA8167B7FB" authority="(Walker, 1852)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[665,1075,1495,1520]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Meromacrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laconicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEA7BFFB2FFCEFD001FDA86D8B7FB" box="[665,908,1495,1520]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="836">Meromacrus laconicus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Walker, 1852)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(a tree hole species) from St. Thomas (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B98FFB2FFCEFE671FF7878AB418" author="van Doesburg PH" box="[510,734,1530,1555]" pageId="37" pageNumber="836" pagination="90 - 101" refId="ref31261" refString="van Doesburg PH. 1970. Records of Syrphidae (Diptera) from the Lesser Antilles. Stud Fauna Curacao Carib Isl. 34: 90 - 101." type="journal article" year="1970">Van Doesburg 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B98FFB2FFCEFD721FF786F6B418" author="Thompson FC" box="[747,930,1530,1555]" pageId="37" pageNumber="836" pagination="1 - 200" refId="ref30802" refString="Thompson FC. 1981. The flower flies of the West Indies (Diptera: Syrphidae). Mem Entomol Soc Wash. 9: 1 - 200." type="journal article" year="1981">Thompson 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
340
data/60/56/87/605687A7FFF4FFC1FF0CF62FFCD1FDD8.xml
Normal file
340
data/60/56/87/605687A7FFF4FFC1FF0CF62FFCD1FDD8.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,340 @@
|
|||
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<mods:title id="D117A50616C8123A0A3F5E76E130B11E">Lepidoptera pests of sapodilla (Manilkara zapota (L.) van Royen) in south Florida, with some comments on life history and natural control</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF4FFC0FF0CF62FFFCDFDE6" authority="(Hewitson, 1874)" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[192,746,554,578]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Electrostrymon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angelia">
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<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF4FFC0FF0CF62FFCD8FDE6" bold="true" box="[192,511,554,578]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Electrostrymon angelia</emphasis>
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(
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E84036B1FFF4FFC0FF0CF65CFF34FDCB" blockId="6.[192,815,601,741]" box="[192,531,601,624]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="C8EF119FFFF4FFC0FF0CF65CFF34FDCB" box="[192,531,601,624]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF4FFC0FF0CF65CFF34FDCB" ID-CoL="5663J" authority="Hewitson, 1874" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1874" box="[192,531,601,624]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Thecla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angelia">
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<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF4FFC0FF0CF65CFC44FDCA" box="[192,355,601,622]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Thecla angelia</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="695E10A0FFF4FFC0FEA7F65FFF34FDCB" author="Hewitson" box="[363,531,602,624]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" year="1874">
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<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF4FFC0FEA7F65FFF34FDCB" author="Hewitson" box="[363,531,602,624]" firstAuthor="Hewitson" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="104 - 107" refId="ref14540" refString="Hewitson, W. C. 1874. Descriptions of new species of Lycaenidae from South America. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 11: 104 - 107." type="journal article" year="1874">Hewitson, 1874</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E84036B1FFF4FFC0FF0CF672FF6FFD28" blockId="6.[192,815,601,741]" box="[192,584,631,653]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="C8EF119FFFF4FFC0FF0CF672FF6FFD28" box="[192,584,631,653]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF4FFC0FF0CF672FF6FFD28" authority="Clench, 1941" authorityName="Clench" authorityYear="1941" box="[192,584,631,653]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Strymon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="angelia" subSpecies="dowi">
|
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<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF4FFC0FF0CF672FC94FD28" box="[192,435,631,652]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Strymon angelia dowi</emphasis>
|
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<treatmentCitation id="695E10A0FFF4FFC0FE76F672FF6FFD28" author="Clench" box="[442,584,631,653]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" year="1874">
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<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF4FFC0FE76F672FF6FFD28" author="Clench" box="[442,584,631,653]" firstAuthor="Clench" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="3 - 7" refId="ref13307" refString="Clench, H. K. 1941. Notes on two Bahama Lycaenidae, with description of a new subspecies. Torreia (Havana) 7: 3 - 7." type="journal article" year="1941">Clench, 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="E84036B1FFF4FFC0FF0CF691FE08FD0E" blockId="6.[192,815,601,741]" box="[192,815,660,682]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="C8EF119FFFF4FFC0FF0CF691FE08FD0E" box="[192,815,660,682]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF4FFC0FF0CF691FE08FD0E" ID-CoL="9DZSL" authority="Comstock and Huntington, 1943" authorityName="Comstock and Huntington" authorityYear="1943" box="[192,815,660,682]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Thecla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="angelia" subSpecies="pantoni">
|
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<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF4FFC0FF0CF691FC98FD0E" box="[192,447,660,682]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Thecla angelia pantoni</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="695E10A0FFF4FFC0FE0AF691FE08FD0E" author="Comstock & Huntington" box="[454,815,660,682]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" year="1943">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF4FFC0FE0AF691FE08FD0E" author="Comstock and Huntington" box="[454,815,660,682]" firstAuthor="Comstock" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="49 - 130" refId="ref13402" refString="Comstock, W. P., and E. I. Huntington. 1943. Lycaenidae of the Antilles (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera). Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 45: 49 - 130." type="journal article" year="1943">Comstock and Huntington, 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
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</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFF4FFC0FF0CF6B4FE3AFD63" blockId="6.[192,815,601,741]" box="[192,797,689,712]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="C8EF119FFFF4FFC0FF0CF6B4FE3AFD63" box="[192,797,689,712]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
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<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF4FFC0FF0CF6B4FE3AFD63" ID-CoL="5LHFK" authority="Comstock and Huntington, 1943" authorityName="Comstock and Huntington" authorityYear="1943" box="[192,797,689,712]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Thecla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="angelia" subSpecies="boyeri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF4FFC0FF0CF6B4FC8AFD62" box="[192,429,689,710]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Thecla angelia boyeri</emphasis>
|
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<treatmentCitation id="695E10A0FFF4FFC0FE78F6B7FE3AFD63" author="Comstock & Huntington" box="[436,797,690,712]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" year="1943">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF4FFC0FE78F6B7FE3AFD63" author="Comstock and Huntington" box="[436,797,690,712]" firstAuthor="Comstock" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="49 - 130" refId="ref13402" refString="Comstock, W. P., and E. I. Huntington. 1943. Lycaenidae of the Antilles (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera). Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 45: 49 - 130." type="journal article" year="1943">Comstock and Huntington, 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
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</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFF4FFC0FF0CF6CAFFF2FD40" blockId="6.[192,815,601,741]" box="[192,725,719,741]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="C8EF119FFFF4FFC0FF0CF6CAFFF2FD40" box="[192,725,719,741]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF4FFC0FF0CF6CAFF6FFD41" authority="(Hewitson, 1874)" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[192,584,719,741]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Callicista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angelia">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF4FFC0FF0CF6CAFCA4FD40" box="[192,387,719,740]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Callicista angelia</emphasis>
|
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(
|
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<treatmentCitation id="695E10A0FFF4FFC0FE5EF6CAFF67FD41" author="Hewitson" box="[402,576,719,741]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" year="1874">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF4FFC0FE5EF6CAFF67FD41" author="Hewitson" box="[402,576,719,741]" firstAuthor="Hewitson" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="104 - 107" refId="ref14540" refString="Hewitson, W. C. 1874. Descriptions of new species of Lycaenidae from South America. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 11: 104 - 107." type="journal article" year="1874">Hewitson, 1874</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="695E10A0FFF4FFC0FD9EF6CAFFF2FD40" author="Lewis" box="[594,725,719,741]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" year="1974">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF4FFC0FD9EF6CAFFF2FD40" author="Lewis" box="[594,725,719,741]" firstAuthor="Lewis" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" refId="ref15356" refString="Lewis, H. L. 1974. Butterflies of the World. Harrap. London, United Kingdom. 328 p." type="book" year="1974">Lewis, 1974</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
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</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="A0E5653AFFF4FFC0FF24F6FBF998FC93" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFF4FFC0FF24F6FBF887FCB2" blockId="6.[192,1440,766,823]" box="[232,1440,766,790]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF4FFC0FF24F6FBFF24FCB2" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[232,515,766,790]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Electrostrymon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angelia">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF4FFC0FF24F6FBFF24FCB2" box="[232,515,766,790]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Electrostrymon angelia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was described as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF4FFC0FD2FF6FBFEB0FCB2" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1874" box="[739,919,766,790]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Thecla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angelia">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF4FFC0FD2FF6FBFEB0FCB2" box="[739,919,766,790]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Thecla angelia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF4FFC0FC08F6FBF9AAFCB2" author="Hewitson" box="[964,1165,766,790]" firstAuthor="Hewitson" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="104 - 107" refId="ref14540" refString="Hewitson, W. C. 1874. Descriptions of new species of Lycaenidae from South America. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 11: 104 - 107." type="journal article" year="1874">Hewitson (1874)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and recorded in H. G.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFF4FFC0FF0CF71AF998FC93" blockId="6.[192,1440,766,823]" box="[192,1215,799,823]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Smith’s collections at the BMNH and various publications under several synonyms.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A0E5653AFFF4FFC0FF0CF74AFE1FFA15" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFF4FFC0FF0CF74AFE1FFA15" blockId="6.[192,1441,847,1457]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF4FFC0FF0CF74AFC8BFCC3" bold="true" box="[192,428,847,871]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Description. Egg.</emphasis>
|
||||
Green encircled by small white spines.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF4FFC0FC40F74AFEC2FCC3" bold="true" box="[908,997,847,871]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Larva.</emphasis>
|
||||
First instar grayish-green with long white setae; second instar with body orange with some purple spots and medium sized black setae; third instar body completely orange and setae small and numerous; fourth instar similar to third except body purple with some orange spots; length is
|
||||
<quantity id="2F079B54FFF4FFC0FD04F7B4FE7EFC6C" box="[712,857,945,969]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.1" metricValueMax="9.3" metricValueMin="8.9" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="9.1" valueMax="9.3" valueMin="8.9">8.9–9.3 mm</quantity>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="70C42A34FFF4FFC0FCA0F7B4FEEEFC6D" box="[876,969,945,969]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="25.[192,275,1819,1841]" captionTargetBox="[377,1254,213,1785]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[377,1254,213,1785]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 1. Larvae of Lepidoptera pests of sapodilla. A) Dichrorampha sapodilla Heppner. B) Comotia torsicornis Dyar. C) Holcocera crassicornella Dietz. D) Zamagiria laidion (Zeller). E) Electrostrymon angelia (Hewitson). F) Phidotricha erigens Ragonot. G) Banisia myrsusalis Walker. H) Banisia argutula Whalley. I) Pyroderces badia (Hodges). J) Erinnyis ello (Linnaeus)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3676601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3676601/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF4FFC0FC2EF7B4F94EFC6D" bold="true" box="[994,1129,945,969]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Pre-pupa.</emphasis>
|
||||
Darker than last instar.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF4FFC0FF0CF7D4FC28FC4D" bold="true" box="[192,271,977,1001]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Pupa.</emphasis>
|
||||
Completely purple with white setae covering whole body.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF4FFC0FC70F7D4F929FC4D" bold="true" box="[956,1038,977,1001]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Adult.</emphasis>
|
||||
Sexually dimorphic in size, males larger than females.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF4FFC0FE72F7F7FF43FBAD" box="[446,612,1010,1033]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Wing expanse</emphasis>
|
||||
: males
|
||||
<quantity id="2F079B54FFF4FFC0FD0EF7F7FE7CFBAD" box="[706,859,1010,1034]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.21" metricValueMax="2.32" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="22.1" valueMax="23.2" valueMin="21.0">21–23.2 mm</quantity>
|
||||
, females
|
||||
<quantity id="2F079B54FFF4FFC0FC00F7F7F95BFBAD" box="[972,1148,1010,1034]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.045" metricValueMax="2.11" metricValueMin="1.98" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="20.45" valueMax="21.1" valueMin="19.8">19.8–21.1 mm</quantity>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF4FFC0FB4BF7F7F9C6FBAE" bold="true" box="[1159,1249,1010,1034]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Wings.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF4FFC0FB25F7F7F8BFFBAE" box="[1257,1432,1010,1034]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Dorsal surface</emphasis>
|
||||
: Forewings dark brown with large reddish-orange triangular markings between inner margin and cell M1; these markings reduced or absent in the female. Hindwings completely dark-brown with two tails; lobe reddish-orange; base of tails with submarginal white line.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF4FFC0FC62F056F941FBCF" box="[942,1126,1107,1131]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Ventral surface</emphasis>
|
||||
: All wings reddish-brown. Female paler brown than male; submarginal line and outer margin brown; crossed near middle by a dark brown outlined with pale-brown. Hindwings crossed near middle by dark-brown line margined with white spots; lobe surrounded by white margin and the next black spot covered with minute white spots; large black spot between the tails and the next three small spots surrounded by orange; outer margin black, bordered internally with white.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF4FFC0FCCCF0F3FE77FAAA" bold="true" box="[768,848,1270,1294]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Head.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF4FFC0FC94F0F3FEECFAA9" box="[856,971,1270,1293]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Antennae</emphasis>
|
||||
: Brown, elongate, clubbed with white lines among the flagellum segments; club of antenna with three colors: orange apically, brown in the middle and white basally.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF4FFC0FDCEF13DFF68FAEB" box="[514,591,1336,1359]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Vertex</emphasis>
|
||||
: Dark-brown.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF4FFC0FD33F132FEA9FAEB" box="[767,910,1335,1359]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Mouthparts</emphasis>
|
||||
: Labial palp with first segment larger than second and third.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF4FFC0FE6DF15DFCC8FAD4" bold="true" box="[417,495,1368,1392]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Body.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF4FFC0FE34F15DFF77FAD4" box="[504,592,1368,1392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Dark-brown above and pale grayish-brown below.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF4FFC0FB1EF15DF82EFACB" box="[1234,1289,1368,1391]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Legs</emphasis>
|
||||
: Black with horizontal white lines.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF4FFC0FE1DF17DFF64FA34" box="[465,579,1400,1424]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: Dark-brown above and pale grayish-brown below; from the mid-ventral area towards tip abdomen orangish-brown (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="70C42A34FFF4FFC0FD14F19CFE0DFA15" box="[728,810,1433,1457]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="26.[192,275,1790,1812]" captionTargetBox="[379,1254,213,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[379,1254,213,1756]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 2. Adults of Lepidoptera pests of sapodilla. The unlabeled images in the top half of the figure are to scale, whereas the labeled images in the bottom half of the figure have been resized. A) Dichrorampha sapodilla Heppner. B) Comotia torsicornis Dyar. C) Holcocera crassicornella Dietz. D) Zamagiria laidion (Zeller). E) Pyroderces badia (Hodges). F) Phidotricha erigens Ragonot. G) Banisia myrsusalis Walker. H) Banisia argutula Whalley. I) Electrostrymon angelia (Hewitson). J) Erinnyis ello (Linnaeus)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3676603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3676603/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2I</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A0E5653AFFF4FFC0FF0CF1CCFC43F9C0" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFF4FFC0FF0CF1CCFC43F9C0" blockId="6.[192,1440,1481,1636]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF4FFC0FF0CF1CCFC54FA45" bold="true" box="[192,371,1481,1505]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF4FFC0FEB4F1CCFFB6FA45" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[376,657,1481,1505]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Electrostrymon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angelia">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF4FFC0FEB4F1CCFFB6FA45" box="[376,657,1481,1505]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Electrostrymon angelia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has been recorded in the
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFF4FFC0FC0FF1CFF9ABFA46" box="[963,1164,1482,1506]" name="Cayman Islands" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Cayman Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFF4FFC0FB5BF1CFF9FCFA46" box="[1175,1243,1482,1506]" name="Cuba" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFF4FFC0FB29F1CFF800FA46" box="[1253,1319,1482,1506]" name="Haiti" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Haiti</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFF4FFC0FAFEF1CFF8BCFA46" box="[1330,1435,1482,1506]" name="Jamaica" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFF4FFC0FF0CF1EEFC77F9A6" box="[192,336,1514,1538]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFF4FFC0FE95F1EFFCDEF9A6" box="[345,505,1514,1538]" name="Bahamas" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">the Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and the
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFF4FFC0FDACF1EFFE29F9A6" box="[608,782,1514,1538]" name="Virgin Islands" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Virgin Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF4FFC0FCD7F1EFFEF4F9A6" author="Hewitson" box="[795,979,1514,1538]" firstAuthor="Hewitson" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="104 - 107" refId="ref14540" refString="Hewitson, W. C. 1874. Descriptions of new species of Lycaenidae from South America. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 11: 104 - 107." type="journal article" year="1874">Hewitson 1874</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF4FFC0FC11F1EFF953F9A6" author="Clench" box="[989,1140,1514,1538]" firstAuthor="Clench" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="3 - 7" refId="ref13307" refString="Clench, H. K. 1941. Notes on two Bahama Lycaenidae, with description of a new subspecies. Torreia (Havana) 7: 3 - 7." type="journal article" year="1941">Clench 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF4FFC0FBB3F1EFFC0BF987" author="Comstock and Huntington" firstAuthor="Comstock" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="49 - 130" refId="ref13402" refString="Comstock, W. P., and E. I. Huntington. 1943. Lycaenidae of the Antilles (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera). Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 45: 49 - 130." type="journal article" year="1943">Comstock and Huntington 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF4FFC0FEFAF20EFCEBF987" author="Askew, R. R." box="[310,460,1547,1571]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural His- tory" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="875 - 881" part="22" refId="ref12608" refString="Askew, R. R. 1988. Butterflies of Grand Cayman, a dynamic island fauna. Journal of Natural His- tory 22: 875 - 881." title="Butterflies of Grand Cayman, a dynamic island fauna" type="journal article" year="1988">Askew 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF4FFC0FE1AF20EFFCCF987" author="Miller, L. D. & J. Y. Miller" bookContentInfo="878 p." box="[470,747,1547,1571]" editor="C. A. Woods" journalOrPublisher="Sandhill Crane Press; Gainesville, FL" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="229 - 262" refId="ref15871" refString="Miller, L. D., and J. Y. Miller. 1989. The biogeography of West Indian butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papi- lionoidea, Hesperioidea): a vicariance model. p. 229 - 262. In: C. A. Woods (ed.). Biogeography of the West Indies: past, present, and future. Sandhill Crane Press; Gainesville, FL. 878 p." title="The biogeography of West Indian butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papi- lionoidea, Hesperioidea): a vicariance model" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Biogeography of the West Indies: past, present, and future" year="1989">Miller and Miller 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF4FFC0FD39F20EFE14F987" author="Miller, L. D. & J. Y. Miller" box="[757,819,1547,1571]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="184 - 187" part="51" refId="ref15948" refString="Miller, L. D., and J. Y. Miller. 1997. You caught what in your backyard? Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 51: 184 - 187" title="You caught what in your backyard?" type="journal article" year="1997">1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF4FFC0FCF2F20EFED2F987" author="Schwartz, A." bookContentInfo="580 p." box="[830,1013,1547,1571]" journalOrPublisher="University of Florida Press; Gainesville, FL" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" refId="ref17587" refString="Schwartz, A. 1989. The Butterflies of Hispaniola. University of Florida Press; Gainesville, FL. 580 p." title="The Butterflies of Hispaniola" type="book" year="1989">Schwartz 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF4FFC0FC33F20EF9BFF987" author="Ramos, S. J." box="[1023,1176,1547,1571]" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="217 - 238" part="776" refId="ref17077" refString="Ramos, S. J. 1996. An annotated checklist of the butterflies of Puerto Rico. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 776: 217 - 238." title="An annotated checklist of the butterflies of Puerto Rico" type="journal article" year="1996">Ramos 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). It has been recorded in just in two
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFF4FFC0FEA6F229FCB8F9E0" box="[362,415,1580,1604]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">U.S.</collectingCountry>
|
||||
states:
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="2A3BF853FFF4FFC0FE33F22EFFA6F9E7" box="[511,641,1579,1603]" country="United States of America" name="Minnesota" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Minnesota</collectingRegion>
|
||||
and (South)
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="2A3BF853FFF4FFC0FCECF22EFE5EF9E7" box="[800,889,1579,1603]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF4FFC0FC45F22EF962F9E0" author="Anderson, R. A." box="[905,1093,1579,1604]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society." pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="354 - 358" part="28" refId="ref12568" refString="Anderson, R. A. 1974. Three new United States records (Lycaenidae and Nymphalidae) and other unusual captures from the lower Florida Keys. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society. 28: 354 - 358." title="Three new United States records (Lycaenidae and Nymphalidae) and other unusual captures from the lower Florida Keys" type="journal article" year="1974">Anderson 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF4FFC0FB9DF22EF9C5F9E0" author="Miller, L. D." box="[1105,1250,1579,1604]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="140 - 141" part="32" refId="ref15767" refString="Miller, L. D. 1978. Electrostrymon angelia angelia (Lycaenidae): the oldest Florida record? Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 32: 140 - 141." title="Electrostrymon angelia angelia (Lycaenidae): the oldest Florida record?" type="journal article" year="1978">Miller 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF4FFC0FB22F22EF8BBF9E0" author="Calhoun, J. V." box="[1262,1436,1579,1604]" journalOrPublisher="Holarctic Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="39 - 50" part="4" refId="ref13026" refString="Calhoun, J. V. 1997. Updated list of the Butterflies and Skippers of Florida. Holarctic Lepidoptera 4: 39 - 50." title="Updated list of the Butterflies and Skippers of Florida" type="journal article" year="1997">Calhoun 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
; Powell 1997).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A0E5653AFFF4FFC1FF0CF279FCD1FDD8" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFF4FFC0FF0CF279FFC3F8B2" blockId="6.[192,1440,1660,1815]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF4FFC0FF0CF279FC32F930" bold="true" box="[192,277,1660,1684]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Hosts.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF4FFC0FED7F279FE7BF930" authority="Raddi" authorityName="Raddi" box="[283,860,1660,1684]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Schinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="terebinthifolius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF4FFC0FED7F279FF19F930" box="[283,574,1660,1684]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Schinus terebinthifolius</emphasis>
|
||||
Raddi (Anacardiaceae)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF4FFC0FCABF279F967F930" box="[871,1088,1660,1684]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Piscidia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="piscipula">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF4FFC0FCABF279F967F930" box="[871,1088,1660,1684]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Piscidia piscipula</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(L.) Sarg. (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF4FFC0FB0AF279F81AF930" box="[1222,1341,1660,1684]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
);
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF4FFC0FA9CF279FC5CF911" authority="Kunth." authorityName="Kunth." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Salvia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="misella">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF4FFC0FA9CF279FC3EF911" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Salvia misella</emphasis>
|
||||
Kunth.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF4FFC0FE45F298FE32F911" authority="Vahl." authorityName="Vahl." box="[393,789,1693,1717]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Salvia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="micrantha">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF4FFC0FE45F298FF0CF911" box="[393,555,1693,1717]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">S. micrantha</emphasis>
|
||||
Vahl. (Lamiaceae)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF4FFC0FCEAF298FE84F911" author="Pyle, R. M." bookContentInfo="916 p." box="[806,931,1693,1717]" journalOrPublisher="Knopf; New York, NY" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" refId="ref16832" refString="Pyle, R. M. 1981. Field guide to North American butterflies, National Audubon Society. Knopf; New York, NY. 916 p." title="Field guide to North American butterflies, National Audubon Society" type="book" year="1981">Pyle 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF4FFC0FC7DF298F82CF911" author="Fernandez-Hernandez" box="[945,1291,1693,1717]" firstAuthor="Fernandez-Hernandez" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="43 - 75" refId="ref14123" refString="Fernandez-Hernandez, D. M. 2007. Butterflies of the agricultural experiment station of tropical roots and tubers, and Santa Ana, Camaguey, Cuba: an annotated list. Acta Zoologica Mexicana 23: 43 - 75." type="journal article" year="2007">Fernández-Hernández 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF4FFC0FAD4F298FDD9F971" author="Allen, T. J. & J. P. Brock & J. Glassberg" bookContentInfo="232 p." journalOrPublisher="Oxford University Press; Oxford, United Kingdom" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" refId="ref12461" refString="Allen, T. J., J. P. Brock, and J. Glassberg. 2005. Caterpillars in the field and garden: a field guide to the butterfly caterpillars of North America. Oxford University Press; Oxford, United Kingdom. 232 p." title="Caterpillars in the field and garden: a field guide to the butterfly caterpillars of North America" type="book" year="2005">
|
||||
Allen
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF4FFC0FAAFF298F8BEF911" box="[1379,1433,1693,1717]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2005
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
);
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF4FFC0FEDBF2B8FCD1F971" box="[279,502,1725,1749]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Manilkara" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zapota">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF4FFC0FEDBF2B8FCD1F971" box="[279,502,1725,1749]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Manilkara zapota</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(L.) van Royen (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF4FFC0FD1CF2BBFE79F972" box="[720,862,1726,1750]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Sapotaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF4FFC0FCBAF2BBF97AF972" bold="true" box="[886,1117,1726,1750]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">new host record</emphasis>
|
||||
; and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF4FFC0FB65F2B8FF27F952" authority="(Thunb.) Lindl." authorityName="Lindl." baseAuthorityName="Thunb." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Eriobotrya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF4FFC0FB65F2B8F8B8F971" box="[1193,1439,1725,1749]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Eriobotrya japonica</emphasis>
|
||||
(Thunb.) Lindl. (Rosaceae)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF4FFC0FDC6F2DBFFC4F952" bold="true" box="[522,739,1758,1782]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">new host record</emphasis>
|
||||
. The two new host records are also the first time
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF4FFC0FAEBF2DAF887F952" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[1319,1440,1758,1782]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Electrostrymon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angelia">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF4FFC0FAEBF2DAF887F952" box="[1319,1440,1758,1782]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">E. angelia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has been found on
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF4FFC0FE69F2FAFF08F8B3" box="[421,559,1791,1815]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Sapotaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF4FFC0FDA0F2FAFFC7F8B2" box="[620,736,1791,1814]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFF4FFC1FF0CF32AFF0CFEB6" blockId="6.[192,1441,1839,1928]" lastBlockId="7.[192,1440,217,340]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF4FFC0FF0CF32AFC86F8E3" bold="true" box="[192,417,1839,1863]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Natural history.</emphasis>
|
||||
Adults were observed during most of the dry and rainy season (March–July) in
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="2A3BF853FFF4FFC0FF0CF355FC3AF8CC" box="[192,285,1872,1896]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||||
. Females lay eggs in the flower and leaf buds. When the eggs hatch, the caterpillars feed on the entire flower, including branches, leaf buds, mature flowers and leaves, but not on the fruits. The caterpillars complete development in 22–24 days. When the caterpillars reach the last instar, they pupate on branches or leaves.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFF5FFC1FF24F519FE26FEF0" blockId="7.[192,1440,217,340]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Pupa duration is 24–29 days. The adults live for about three or four months feeding on nectar; males also drink water and puddling salts in wet soil.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFF5FFC1FF0CF568FE9EFDAD" blockId="7.[192,1441,365,521]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FF0CF568FC10FE21" bold="true" box="[192,311,365,389]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Damage.</emphasis>
|
||||
This species has been recorded feeding on leaves of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF5FFC1FC6CF568F864FE21" box="[928,1347,365,389]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Schinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="terebinthifolius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FC6CF568F95FFE21" box="[928,1144,365,389]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">S. terebinthifolius</emphasis>
|
||||
(Anacardiaceae)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF5FFC1FAA6F568FC37FE03" author="Pyle, R. M." bookContentInfo="916 p." journalOrPublisher="Knopf; New York, NY" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" refId="ref16832" refString="Pyle, R. M. 1981. Field guide to North American butterflies, National Audubon Society. Knopf; New York, NY. 916 p." title="Field guide to North American butterflies, National Audubon Society" type="book" year="1981">Pyle (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. However, in southern
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="2A3BF853FFF5FFC1FDE2F58BFFADFE02" box="[558,650,398,422]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||||
, it has become a problem in the production of sapodilla, as most caterpillars feed on flower buds and mature flowers. They eat everything except the pedicels in mature flowers and all the flower buds except the branches. It is very difficult to find caterpillars as they are reddish purple, the same color as the flower and the leaf buds.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFF5FFC1FF0CF627FCD1FDD8" blockId="7.[192,1441,546,636]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FF0CF627FC5EFD9E" bold="true" box="[192,377,546,570]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Management.</emphasis>
|
||||
This sapodilla pest could be controlled by pesticides, but no trials have been completed. Furthermore, we observed that they are natural prey of some spiders (e.g.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF5FFC1FBF6F646F993FDFF" authorityName="Blackwall" authorityYear="1841" box="[1082,1204,579,603]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Salticidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF5FFC1FB20F646FCD6FDD8" authority="(Linnaeus))" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Gasteracantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cancriformis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FB20F646FC7DFDD8" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Gasteracantha cancriformis</emphasis>
|
||||
(Linnaeus))
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
228
data/60/56/87/605687A7FFF5FFC1FF0CF733FF95F82C.xml
Normal file
228
data/60/56/87/605687A7FFF5FFC1FF0CF733FF95F82C.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
|
|||
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<mods:mods id="F46F42A8DDD838BDFD127466BE2ADBAE" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="03B101FC071D8E050D4DC13C3B1027A4">
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<mods:title id="A7CCC9A14378B52453E9279A0FFA5255">Lepidoptera pests of sapodilla (Manilkara zapota (L.) van Royen) in south Florida, with some comments on life history and natural control</mods:title>
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|
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<mods:namePart id="7FC1FDC7E11C266E2BBCCF0DA5AEB36D">Crane, Jonathan H.</mods:namePart>
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|
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</mods:role>
|
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<mods:namePart id="0B2081310117A2AAD2719B84E20D13DE">Wasielewski, Jeff</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="29B1B98B07DA210089181CB7DF56FEA5">Miller, Jacqueline Y.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6B4FA7FCD20C54ABBA671612B208BC33">Carrillo, Daniel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="FA2683100A27D499675A048DBF02DCED">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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|
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|
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<mods:number id="8856C755A301D62265D5D15AC4E38358">739</mods:number>
|
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|
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|
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<mods:number id="84CF643064EFDC502FFBD2A034B59F38">739</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="57D110D25D4AB3F8E9CE600695F96D2B">journal article</mods:classification>
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|
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|
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<treatment id="605687A7FFF5FFC1FF0CF733FF95F82C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3681449" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162233514" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3681449" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:605687A7FFF5FFC1FF0CF733FF95F82C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/605687A7FFF5FFC1FF0CF733FF95F82C" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
|
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<subSubSection id="A0E5653AFFF5FFC1FF0CF733FF97FCEB" box="[192,688,822,847]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
|
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<paragraph id="E84036B1FFF5FFC1FF0CF733FF97FCEB" blockId="7.[192,688,822,847]" box="[192,688,822,847]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
|
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<heading id="B30881DDFFF5FFC1FF0CF733FF97FCEB" bold="true" box="[192,688,822,847]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" reason="3">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF5FFC1FF0CF733FF97FCEB" ID-CoL="6LXVD" authority="Dietz, 1910" authorityName="Dietz" authorityYear="1910" box="[192,688,822,847]" class="Insecta" family="Blastobasidae" genus="Holcocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassicornella">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FF0CF733FF97FCEB" bold="true" box="[192,688,822,847]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FF0CF733FF33FCEA" bold="true" box="[192,532,822,846]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Holcocera crassicornella</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF5FFC1FDD0F732FF97FCEB" author="Dietz" box="[540,688,823,847]" firstAuthor="Dietz" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref13815" refString="Dietz, W. G. 1910. Revision of Blastobasidae of North America. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 36: 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1910">Dietz, 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A0E5653AFFF5FFC1FF0CF763FF69FCD8" box="[192,590,870,893]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFF5FFC1FF0CF763FF69FCD8" blockId="7.[192,590,870,893]" box="[192,590,870,893]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="C8EF119FFFF5FFC1FF0CF763FF69FCD8" box="[192,590,870,893]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF5FFC1FF0CF763FF69FCD8" ID-CoL="68MFQ" authority="Busck, 1915" authorityName="Busck" authorityYear="1915" box="[192,590,870,893]" class="Insecta" family="Blastobasidae" genus="Blastobasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eriobotryae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FF0CF763FCE5FCDF" box="[192,450,870,891]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Blastobasis eriobotryae</emphasis>
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="695E10A0FFF5FFC1FE05F762FF69FCD8" author="Busck" box="[457,590,870,893]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" year="1915">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF5FFC1FE05F762FF69FCD8" author="Busck, A." box="[457,590,870,893]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" pagination="79 - 94" part="17" refId="ref12974" refString="Busck, A. 1915. Descriptions of new North American Microlepidoptera. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 17: 79 - 94." title="Descriptions of new North American Microlepidoptera" type="journal article" year="1915">Busck, 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A0E5653AFFF5FFC1FF24F793FCC1FC6B" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFF5FFC1FF24F793FCC1FC6B" blockId="7.[192,1440,918,975]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF5FFC1FF24F793FF29FC0A" box="[232,526,918,942]" class="Insecta" family="Blastobasidae" genus="Holcocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassicornella">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FF24F793FF29FC0A" box="[232,526,918,942]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Holcocera crassicornella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was described by W. G.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF5FFC1FCE0F793FE98FC0A" author="Dietz" box="[812,959,918,942]" firstAuthor="Dietz" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref13815" refString="Dietz, W. G. 1910. Revision of Blastobasidae of North America. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 36: 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1910">Dietz (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
from a single specimen found in
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="2A3BF853FFF5FFC1FA8BF793F887FC0A" box="[1351,1440,918,942]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||||
in the USNM collection.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A0E5653AFFF5FFC1FF0CF7EDFE85FAEE" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFF5FFC1FF0CF7EDFE85FAEE" blockId="7.[192,1440,1000,1354]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FF0CF7EDFC96FBA4" bold="true" box="[192,433,1000,1024]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Description. Egg.</emphasis>
|
||||
Remarkable small size; completely pearly white and turning dark-pink close to emergence.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FE83F00CFC8EFB85" bold="true" box="[335,425,1033,1057]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Larva.</emphasis>
|
||||
First and second instars dark-yellow, thorax and head dark-brown. Third to seventh instars dark grayish-brown, head nearly black. Last instar length
|
||||
<quantity id="2F079B54FFF5FFC1FBCCF02FF9B6FBE5" box="[1024,1169,1066,1090]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.9" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="3.2" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="2.9">2.9–3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="70C42A34FFF5FFC1FB68F02FF827FBE6" box="[1188,1280,1066,1090]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="25.[192,275,1819,1841]" captionTargetBox="[377,1254,213,1785]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[377,1254,213,1785]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 1. Larvae of Lepidoptera pests of sapodilla. A) Dichrorampha sapodilla Heppner. B) Comotia torsicornis Dyar. C) Holcocera crassicornella Dietz. D) Zamagiria laidion (Zeller). E) Electrostrymon angelia (Hewitson). F) Phidotricha erigens Ragonot. G) Banisia myrsusalis Walker. H) Banisia argutula Whalley. I) Pyroderces badia (Hodges). J) Erinnyis ello (Linnaeus)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3676601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3676601/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FAD5F02FF887FBE6" bold="true" box="[1305,1440,1066,1090]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Pre-pupa.</emphasis>
|
||||
Similar in size to last instar, but body dark grayish-purple; head brown.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FBF6F04EF9ADFBC7" bold="true" box="[1082,1162,1099,1123]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Pupa.</emphasis>
|
||||
Dark-brown; spiracles protruding from the body like spines.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FDB3F06EFFF5FB27" bold="true" box="[639,722,1131,1155]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Adult.</emphasis>
|
||||
Not sexually dimorphic.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FC30F069F987FB27" box="[1020,1184,1132,1155]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Wing expanse</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<quantity id="2F079B54FFF5FFC1FB61F069F81AFB27" box="[1197,1341,1132,1156]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.65" metricValueMax="5.1" metricValueMin="4.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="4.65" valueMax="5.1" valueMin="4.2">4.2–5.1 mm</quantity>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FA8AF06EF887FB27" bold="true" box="[1350,1440,1131,1155]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Wings.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FF0CF089FC52FB01" box="[192,373,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Dorsal surface</emphasis>
|
||||
: Forewings
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FDDEF088FF39FB00" box="[530,542,1165,1188]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">c</emphasis>
|
||||
ompletely gray with overlaid dark-gray scales; a black discal spot; two postdiscal black spots. Hindwings, pale-gray; fringe with very long gray scales.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FB55F0A8F872FB62" box="[1177,1365,1197,1222]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Ventral surface</emphasis>
|
||||
: Both wings pale-gray.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FE5AF0CAFCC1FB43" bold="true" box="[406,486,1231,1255]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Head.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FE23F0CAFF45FB42" box="[495,610,1231,1254]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Antennae</emphasis>
|
||||
: Filiform; the scape large, flattened and inwardly concave.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FA80F0CAF8BEFB42" box="[1356,1433,1231,1254]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Vertex</emphasis>
|
||||
: Tawny.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FEEDF0EAFC97FAA3" box="[289,432,1263,1287]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Mouthparts</emphasis>
|
||||
: Labial palpi tawny with second and third segment longer than first.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FB38F0F5F865FAAC" bold="true" box="[1268,1346,1264,1288]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Body.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FA84F0EAFC41FA8C" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Thorax and abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: Tawny; dorsal view with horizontal row of small spines at the posterior margin of each segment.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FEFAF137FC4AFAED" box="[310,365,1330,1353]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Legs</emphasis>
|
||||
: Similar to labial palpi in coloration (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="70C42A34FFF5FFC1FCF5F137FEB2FAEE" box="[825,917,1330,1354]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="26.[192,275,1790,1812]" captionTargetBox="[379,1254,213,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[379,1254,213,1756]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 2. Adults of Lepidoptera pests of sapodilla. The unlabeled images in the top half of the figure are to scale, whereas the labeled images in the bottom half of the figure have been resized. A) Dichrorampha sapodilla Heppner. B) Comotia torsicornis Dyar. C) Holcocera crassicornella Dietz. D) Zamagiria laidion (Zeller). E) Pyroderces badia (Hodges). F) Phidotricha erigens Ragonot. G) Banisia myrsusalis Walker. H) Banisia argutula Whalley. I) Electrostrymon angelia (Hewitson). J) Erinnyis ello (Linnaeus)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3676603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3676603/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A0E5653AFFF5FFC1FF0CF167FE3BFADF" box="[192,796,1378,1403]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFF5FFC1FF0CF167FE3BFADF" blockId="7.[192,796,1378,1403]" box="[192,796,1378,1403]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FF0CF167FC54FADE" bold="true" box="[192,371,1378,1402]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||||
Southern
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="2A3BF853FFF5FFC1FE3FF166FF6BFADF" box="[499,588,1379,1403]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF5FFC1FD97F166FE37FADF" author="Adamski, D." box="[603,784,1379,1403]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" pagination="731 - 741" part="100" refId="ref12278" refString="Adamski, D. 1998. On the identity of Holcocera guilandinae (Busck, 1900) (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Coleophoridae: Blastobasinae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 100: 731 - 741." title="On the identity of Holcocera guilandinae (Busck, 1900) (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Coleophoridae: Blastobasinae)" type="journal article" year="1998">Adamski 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A0E5653AFFF5FFC1FF0CF191FF95F82C" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFF5FFC1FF0CF191F937FA68" blockId="7.[192,1440,1427,1485]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FF0CF191FC32FA08" bold="true" box="[192,277,1428,1452]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Hosts.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF5FFC1FED7F196FE72FA08" authority="(Thunb.) Lindl." authorityName="Lindl." baseAuthorityName="Thunb." box="[283,853,1427,1452]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Eriobotrya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FED7F196FF2BFA0F" box="[283,524,1427,1451]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Eriobotrya japonica</emphasis>
|
||||
(Thunb.) Lindl. (Rosaceae)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF5FFC1FC5CF191F90CFA0F" box="[912,1067,1427,1451]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubrum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FC5CF191F90CFA0F" box="[912,1067,1427,1451]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Acer rubrum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L. (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF5FFC1FB95F191F9D3FA08" box="[1113,1268,1428,1452]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Sapindaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF5FFC1FAC7F191F8BBFA08" author="Busck, A." box="[1291,1436,1428,1452]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" pagination="79 - 94" part="17" refId="ref12974" refString="Busck, A. 1915. Descriptions of new North American Microlepidoptera. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 17: 79 - 94." title="Descriptions of new North American Microlepidoptera" type="journal article" year="1915">Busck 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF5FFC1FF0CF1B0FC54FA69" author="Adamski, D." box="[192,371,1461,1485]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" pagination="731 - 741" part="100" refId="ref12278" refString="Adamski, D. 1998. On the identity of Holcocera guilandinae (Busck, 1900) (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Coleophoridae: Blastobasinae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 100: 731 - 741." title="On the identity of Holcocera guilandinae (Busck, 1900) (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Coleophoridae: Blastobasinae)" type="journal article" year="1998">Adamski 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF5FFC1FE4BF1B1FF46FA68" box="[391,609,1460,1484]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Manilkara" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sapota">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FE4BF1B1FF46FA68" box="[391,609,1460,1484]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Manilkara sapota</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(L.) van Royen,
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FCE6F1B0F92FFA69" bold="true" box="[810,1032,1461,1485]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">new host record</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFF5FFC1FF0CF1E3FE21F926" blockId="7.[192,1440,1509,1732]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FF0CF1E3FCBAFA59" bold="true" box="[192,413,1509,1534]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Natural history.</emphasis>
|
||||
The adults are nocturnal and reach their highest population levels from late spring (June) to early summer (July) in
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="2A3BF853FFF5FFC1FD9EF202FF88F9BB" box="[594,687,1543,1567]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||||
. Females lay their eggs inside the flowers.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF5FFC1FB75F202F81BF9BB" box="[1209,1340,1543,1567]" genus="The" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="larvae">The larvae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
develop inside the flowers feeding on everything except the sepals.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF5FFC1FCB9F22DFED2F9E4" box="[885,1013,1576,1600]" genus="The" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="larvae">The larvae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
produce silk tunnels among flowers to avoid predators. The larval stage lasts 19–23 days depending on the availability of the food resources and can be extended for a longer period of time.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFF5FFC1FF24F28EFF00F967" blockId="7.[192,1440,1509,1732]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Pupation occurs inside the flowers where the larva rolls up a sepal and makes a silk cocoon. The pupal stage lasts 22–26 days.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFF5FFC1FF0CF2D9FE7BF892" blockId="7.[192,1440,1756,1847]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FF0CF2D9FC10F950" bold="true" box="[192,311,1756,1780]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Damage.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF5FFC1FEF2F2D9FF42F950" box="[318,613,1756,1780]" class="Insecta" family="Blastobasidae" genus="Holcocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassicornella">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FEF2F2D9FF42F950" box="[318,613,1756,1780]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Holcocera crassicornella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is a serious pest in sapodilla, and during this study it was one of the most aggressive species, after
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF5FFC1FDFFF2FBFFE7F8B1" box="[563,704,1789,1813]" class="Insecta" family="Thyrididae" genus="Banisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argutula">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FDFFF2FBFFE7F8B1" box="[563,704,1789,1813]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">B. argutula</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF5FFC1FD31F2FBFE53F8B1" box="[765,884,1790,1813]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Phidotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erigens">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FD31F2FBFE53F8B1" box="[765,884,1790,1813]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">P. erigens</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The damage is very similar to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF5FFC1FB34F2FBF848F8B1" box="[1272,1391,1790,1813]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Phidotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erigens">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FB34F2FBF848F8B1" box="[1272,1391,1790,1813]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">P. erigens</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; we saw many larvae of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF5FFC1FE79F31AFFA4F892" box="[437,643,1822,1846]" class="Insecta" family="Blastobasidae" genus="Holcocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassicornella">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FE79F31AFFA4F892" box="[437,643,1822,1846]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">H. crassicornella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF5FFC1FD12F31AFE73F892" box="[734,852,1823,1846]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Phidotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erigens">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FD12F31AFE73F892" box="[734,852,1823,1846]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">P. erigens</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFF5FFC1FF0CF34AFF95F82C" blockId="7.[192,1440,1871,1929]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FF0CF34AFC5EF8C3" bold="true" box="[192,377,1871,1895]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Management.</emphasis>
|
||||
We reared two unidentified parasitoid wasps, a mymarid and a braconid, that parasit- ized eggs and larvae of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF5FFC1FE12F374FF8CF82C" box="[478,683,1904,1928]" class="Insecta" family="Blastobasidae" genus="Holcocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassicornella">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FE12F374FF8CF82C" box="[478,683,1904,1928]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">H. crassicornella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
194
data/60/56/87/605687A7FFF8FFCDFF0CF73EFF9BFE60.xml
Normal file
194
data/60/56/87/605687A7FFF8FFCDFF0CF73EFF9BFE60.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
|
|||
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<mods:titleInfo id="4448F36B01C1C3DAF3F1E4B7F95D0296">
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<mods:title id="5FC59CFF74F4F116EFEFA5B150D676E6">Lepidoptera pests of sapodilla (Manilkara zapota (L.) van Royen) in south Florida, with some comments on life history and natural control</mods:title>
|
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|
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|
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<mods:role id="A43FED2D9568AA4ECAF2438253EA6F4E">
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<mods:roleTerm id="3E6D42A91C3E986D4B689D2DE585BBA7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
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</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="EA1582654DD42677A875CC42CE3C83BA">Martinez, Jose I.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="5DC5E6A7EECBDACFC04BA3743C80C37D" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="2DEEC6D6B6342FE9C278BD41C0E2863C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="FD10249D9C005FBBA4C71AA83DA554EA">Crane, Jonathan H.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="F723E6579BC1285AA451F6D4FDFA48C9" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F26752938B1901A5F66697969B049AEE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
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</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="112C69EC124DF8847836D989F0CA7CF4">Wasielewski, Jeff</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="82DABF3F202C2A247CF617EBE649357E" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="5401E290762C84BFE63F40903E39DCFB">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="B3887FD430B9FB10BD1A66A1A10DEABA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="F9C0228D2F383B614C32158177312852">Miller, Jacqueline Y.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="FEA4FF60FE65317D76AFAF07E959C205" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="E3FB1BF2F2CF67B4D0F7118D96455964">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="A33F17C15E68EF659FE910A75E8D97CD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="0277CACF715F55C12A50216B604C1E8D">Carrillo, Daniel</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource id="0E6DE94263CB4DB6B7A5F9A5DDD1DAC4">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||||
<mods:relatedItem id="DBEBDD64FACF24382E5EC768539DB350" type="host">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo id="1CE21399593FC85B836114C273583F59">
|
||||
<mods:title id="09B6063550FD2CE5135A619C1293B451">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part id="3A00715217810D588DFBFBFD5D6D8271">
|
||||
<mods:date id="4B8A39025552ACA15287A53FC6742713">2019</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="A15BB6910559F7D9FC1120E43E65946A" type="pubDate">
|
||||
<mods:number id="1807539E7E6393D06353E028379D2E7C">2019-12-03</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="47AF94464E27C0538B1E9B7BDA55C55F" type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number id="CF4DF3B342B0A85DC3AAD16E980B251A">739</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="304D40BA1C08AAA4D051D0D5FDA6CBB1" type="issue">
|
||||
<mods:number id="F4827A62E570623B02862A263D381632">739</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent id="33FB8682E291BB320C0922456978BDD5" unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start id="134B7ECA52702B6BC1A80754C647CE85">1</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end id="7E44BADF07133C162712163AE2DE585E">26</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:classification id="36393075F60FEC86E38DF5EE6B87FDEF">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="46433C7573841B49AE91ABBDC1E8295C" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.3676599</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="132A6AA6BE3F0EC95A965214744D22B2" type="GBIF-Dataset">81fddc1b-649c-4455-a6da-e6a4ca9c0291</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="87DB5B6DE0ED6ACEE3A3C9929D8479EC" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="529F798BB1AD5CA94E5E125D101B3798" type="Zenodo-Dep">3676599</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="C26ACBFCE6728BEC33B1FA01F1320F17" type="ZooBank">9C545611-FC84-414F-A162-74E4CCE63A00</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="605687A7FFF8FFCDFF0CF73EFF9BFE60" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3681451" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162233511" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3681451" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:605687A7FFF8FFCDFF0CF73EFF9BFE60" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/605687A7FFF8FFCDFF0CF73EFF9BFE60" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A0E5653AFFF8FFCCFF0CF73EFF42FCF0" box="[192,613,827,852]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFF8FFCCFF0CF73EFF42FCF0" blockId="10.[192,613,827,852]" box="[192,613,827,852]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
<heading id="B30881DDFFF8FFCCFF0CF73EFF42FCF0" bold="true" box="[192,613,827,852]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" reason="3">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF8FFCCFF0CF73EFF42FCF0" ID-CoL="5ZSBQ" authority="Dyar, 1914" authorityName="Dyar. C" authorityYear="1914" box="[192,613,827,852]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Comotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="torsicornis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF8FFCCFF0CF73EFF42FCF0" bold="true" box="[192,613,827,852]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF8FFCCFF0CF73EFCEAFCF7" bold="true" box="[192,461,827,851]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Comotia torsicornis</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF8FFCCFE19F739FF42FCF0" author="Dyar" box="[469,613,828,852]" firstAuthor="Dyar" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" pagination="139 - 350" refId="ref13939" refString="Dyar, H. G. 1914. Report on the Lepidoptera of the Smithsonian Biological Survey of the Panama Canal Zone. Proceeding of The United States National Museum 47: 139 - 350." type="journal article" year="1914">Dyar, 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A0E5653AFFF8FFCCFF24F768FFA5FC00" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFF8FFCCFF24F768FFA5FC00" blockId="10.[192,1440,876,932]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF8FFCCFF24F768FC50FC20" author="Dyar" box="[232,375,876,901]" firstAuthor="Dyar" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" pagination="139 - 350" refId="ref13939" refString="Dyar, H. G. 1914. Report on the Lepidoptera of the Smithsonian Biological Survey of the Panama Canal Zone. Proceeding of The United States National Museum 47: 139 - 350." type="journal article" year="1914">Dyar (1914)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
described
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF8FFCCFE3BF769FFC4FC27" authorityName="Dyar. C" authorityYear="1914" box="[503,739,876,899]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Comotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="torsicornis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF8FFCCFE3BF769FFC4FC27" box="[503,739,876,899]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Comotia torsicornis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
based on Busck’s specimens from the USNM. This species is monotypic by original designation.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A0E5653AFFF8FFCCFF0CF7B9F869FA13" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFF8FFCCFF0CF7B9F869FA13" blockId="10.[192,1440,956,1463]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF8FFCCFF0CF7B9FC8BFC70" bold="true" box="[192,428,956,980]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Description. Egg.</emphasis>
|
||||
White and flat when fresh, changing to grayish-green when they are close to hatch- ing.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF8FFCCFF39F7D9FC68FC50" bold="true" box="[245,335,988,1012]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Larva.</emphasis>
|
||||
First and second instar are white with brown head and prothorax with lateral black spots on each side close to head. Third instar yellowish-orange, with thoracic black spots; head changing to orange with black makings in posterior area and close to stemmata. Fourth and fifth instars greenishbrown with black thoracic spots; head greenish-orange with markings as on third instar. Mature larva length
|
||||
<quantity id="2F079B54FFF8FFCCFEDFF058FCBDFBD1" box="[275,410,1117,1141]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.15" metricValueMax="7.4" metricValueMin="6.9" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="7.15" valueMax="7.4" valueMin="6.9">6.9–7.4mm</quantity>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="70C42A34FFF8FFCCFE64F058FF27FBD1" box="[424,512,1117,1141]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="25.[192,275,1819,1841]" captionTargetBox="[377,1254,213,1785]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[377,1254,213,1785]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 1. Larvae of Lepidoptera pests of sapodilla. A) Dichrorampha sapodilla Heppner. B) Comotia torsicornis Dyar. C) Holcocera crassicornella Dietz. D) Zamagiria laidion (Zeller). E) Electrostrymon angelia (Hewitson). F) Phidotricha erigens Ragonot. G) Banisia myrsusalis Walker. H) Banisia argutula Whalley. I) Pyroderces badia (Hodges). J) Erinnyis ello (Linnaeus)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3676601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3676601/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF8FFCCFDD8F058FFBDFBD1" bold="true" box="[532,666,1117,1141]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Pre-pupa.</emphasis>
|
||||
Paler and wider than the last instar.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF8FFCCFB94F058F980FBD1" bold="true" box="[1112,1191,1117,1141]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Pupa.</emphasis>
|
||||
Dark-brown.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF8FFCCFA80F058F8B8FBD1" bold="true" box="[1356,1439,1117,1141]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Adult.</emphasis>
|
||||
Sexually dimorphic, male is darker and slightly larger.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF8FFCCFCBBF07BF907FB31" box="[887,1056,1150,1173]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Wing expanse</emphasis>
|
||||
: males
|
||||
<quantity id="2F079B54FFF8FFCCFB4EF078F813FB31" box="[1154,1332,1149,1173]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.125" metricValueMax="1.16" metricValueMin="1.09" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="11.25" valueMax="11.6" valueMin="10.9">10.9–11.6 mm</quantity>
|
||||
, females
|
||||
<quantity id="2F079B54FFF8FFCCFF0CF098FC55FB11" box="[192,370,1181,1205]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.08" metricValueMax="1.1099999999999999" metricValueMin="1.05" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="10.8" valueMax="11.1" valueMin="10.5">10.5–11.1 mm</quantity>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF8FFCCFEB3F098FCFCFB10" bold="true" box="[383,475,1181,1205]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Wings.</emphasis>
|
||||
Forewings very narrow and long.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF8FFCCFC46F098F91BFB11" box="[906,1084,1181,1205]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Dorsal surface</emphasis>
|
||||
: gray, with veins dark-gray; separated discal black spots and matte obscure lines; black spots in outer margin. Hindwings gray with darker veins and outer margin.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF8FFCCFD40F0D8FE60FB51" box="[652,839,1245,1269]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Ventral surface</emphasis>
|
||||
: Both wings pale gray with the veins dark-gray.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF8FFCCFF0CF0FBFC37FAB1" bold="true" box="[192,272,1278,1302]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Head.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF8FFCCFED5F0FBFCABFAB1" box="[281,396,1278,1301]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Antennae</emphasis>
|
||||
: Elongate, ⅓ body length; male with the basal segment triangular, flagellum with a small spine on exterior angle; second segment of flagellum flat, well developed, excavated behind into a pocket, followed by a line of ridges on the next segments. Female, basal segment with curved projection in mesal area; second segment less developed than male; flagellum simple.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF8FFCCFBACF15AF98AFAD2" box="[1120,1197,1375,1398]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Vertex</emphasis>
|
||||
: Gray.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF8FFCCFAC5F15BF8BFFAD2" box="[1289,1432,1374,1398]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Mouthparts</emphasis>
|
||||
: Labial palp with third segment larger than first and second.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF8FFCCFC66F17BFEDEFA31" bold="true" box="[938,1017,1406,1430]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Body.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF8FFCCFBCCF17BF821FA32" box="[1024,1286,1406,1430]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Thorax and abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: Gray above and pale-gray below.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF8FFCCFE09F19AFCDBFA12" box="[453,508,1439,1462]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Legs</emphasis>
|
||||
: Gray, male middle tibia with fold containing grayish hairs (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="70C42A34FFF8FFCCFB29F19BF866FA13" box="[1253,1345,1438,1463]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="26.[192,275,1790,1812]" captionTargetBox="[379,1254,213,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[379,1254,213,1756]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 2. Adults of Lepidoptera pests of sapodilla. The unlabeled images in the top half of the figure are to scale, whereas the labeled images in the bottom half of the figure have been resized. A) Dichrorampha sapodilla Heppner. B) Comotia torsicornis Dyar. C) Holcocera crassicornella Dietz. D) Zamagiria laidion (Zeller). E) Pyroderces badia (Hodges). F) Phidotricha erigens Ragonot. G) Banisia myrsusalis Walker. H) Banisia argutula Whalley. I) Electrostrymon angelia (Hewitson). J) Erinnyis ello (Linnaeus)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3676603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3676603/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A0E5653AFFF8FFCCFF0CF1CBFE21F983" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFF8FFCCFF0CF1CBFE21F983" blockId="10.[192,1440,1486,1575]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF8FFCCFF0CF1CBFC54FA42" bold="true" box="[192,371,1486,1510]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF8FFCCFEB0F1CAFF4BFA42" authorityName="Dyar. C" authorityYear="1914" box="[380,620,1487,1510]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Comotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="torsicornis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF8FFCCFEB0F1CAFF4BFA42" box="[380,620,1487,1510]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Comotia torsicornis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is native to the Neotropical Region and occurs mainly in Central America, part of sapodilla’s native range. However, this species was also reported in south Florida (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF8FFCCFF04F20AFC4CF983" author="Halbert" box="[200,363,1551,1575]" firstAuthor="Halbert" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" pagination="5 - 17" refId="ref14351" refString="Halbert, S. E. 2008. Entomology Section. TRI-OLOGY 47: 5 - 17." type="journal article" year="2008">Halbert 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) and
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFF8FFCCFE7CF20AFF22F982" box="[432,517,1551,1574]" name="France" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">France</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF8FFCCFDD9F20AFF88F983" author="Leraut" box="[533,687,1551,1575]" firstAuthor="Leraut" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" pagination="149 - 166" refId="ref15303" refString="Leraut, P. 2008. Ebauche d'une liste des pyrales de France (Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea). Revue Francaise d'Entomologie 29: 149 - 166." type="journal article" year="2008">Leraut 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF8FFCCFD77F20AFFDDF983" author="Leraut" box="[699,762,1551,1575]" firstAuthor="Leraut" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" refId="ref15331" refString="Leraut, P. 2014. Moths of Europe. Vol. 4. Pyralids 2. NAP Editions; Paris. 441 p." type="book" year="2014">2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A0E5653AFFF8FFCDFF0CF23AFF9BFE60" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFF8FFCCFF0CF23AF937F9F3" blockId="10.[192,1040,1599,1624]" box="[192,1040,1599,1624]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF8FFCCFF0CF23AFC32F9F3" bold="true" box="[192,277,1599,1623]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Hosts.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF8FFCCFED0F23AFCD0F9F3" box="[284,503,1599,1623]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Manilkara" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zapota">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF8FFCCFED0F23AFCD0F9F3" box="[284,503,1599,1623]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Manilkara zapota</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(L.) van Royen, recorded by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF8FFCCFC99F23AF92CF9F3" author="Halbert" box="[853,1035,1599,1623]" firstAuthor="Halbert" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" pagination="5 - 17" refId="ref14351" refString="Halbert, S. E. 2008. Entomology Section. TRI-OLOGY 47: 5 - 17." type="journal article" year="2008">Halbert (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFF8FFCCFF0CF26AFF21F88C" blockId="10.[192,1440,1647,1928]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF8FFCCFF0CF26AFCB8F923" bold="true" box="[192,415,1647,1671]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Natural history.</emphasis>
|
||||
Adults are nocturnal. The highest population was seen during the early spring in March, after that they had a period of decline for two months, but then appeared again in summer (late June) in
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="2A3BF853FFF8FFCCFEA6F2B5FCE4F96C" box="[362,451,1712,1736]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||||
when the flowers started to emerge. The females lay eggs on sepals and petals of flowers and leaf buds. The eggs hatch after six days and the caterpillar bores into the flowers and floral buds. The caterpillar stays in the flower during all stages of development until they reach the pre-pupal stage at about 16–21 days.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFF8FFCDFF24F335FE6AFEF7" blockId="10.[192,1440,1647,1928]" lastBlockId="11.[192,1440,217,339]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
During the pre-pupal stage, the caterpillar, after feeding on the flower or floral buds, finds a leaf, where it pupates. The pupal stage lasts around 18–24 days. When the adult emerges, it can live for around four or five days with water provided; however, there is little information about feeding habits of adults.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF9FFCDFF0CF4DCFC10FF55" bold="true" box="[192,311,217,241]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Damage.</emphasis>
|
||||
The damage occurs during the larval period when there is boring inside of the flowers and floral buds. The caterpillars feed on all floral parts, even within the pedicels, but do not feed on the sepals. Most of the flower damage is internal and not visible until the infested flowers get soft, at the time when larvae come out to look for another flower.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFF9FFCDFF0CF56EFF9BFE60" blockId="11.[192,1440,363,452]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF9FFCDFF0CF56EFC5EFE27" bold="true" box="[192,377,363,387]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Management.</emphasis>
|
||||
We found an unidentified species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF9FFCDFC85F56EF939FE27" authority="Fabricius" authorityName="Fabricius" box="[841,1054,363,387]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Bracon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF9FFCDFC85F56EFE87FE26" box="[841,928,363,386]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Bracon</emphasis>
|
||||
Fabricius
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
parasitizing
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF9FFCDFB08F56EF840FE26" authorityName="Dyar. C" authorityYear="1914" box="[1220,1383,363,386]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Comotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="torsicornis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF9FFCDFB08F56EF840FE26" box="[1220,1383,363,386]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">C. torsicornis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. We also found a species of spider (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF9FFCDFDFDF58EFE40FE07" authority="(Koch))" baseAuthorityName="Koch" box="[561,871,395,419]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Eriophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ravilla">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF9FFCDFDFDF58EFE20FE07" box="[561,775,395,419]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Eriophora ravilla</emphasis>
|
||||
(Koch))
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
feeding on
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF9FFCDFC3FF58EF9B3FE07" authorityName="Dyar. C" authorityYear="1914" box="[1011,1172,395,419]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Comotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="torsicornis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF9FFCDFC3FF58EF9B3FE07" box="[1011,1172,395,419]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">C. torsicornis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The use of pesticides for this species has not been well studied.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
303
data/60/56/87/605687A7FFF9FFCAFF0CF5E9F964FD17.xml
Normal file
303
data/60/56/87/605687A7FFF9FFCAFF0CF5E9F964FD17.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,303 @@
|
|||
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<mods:title id="50D9E7859EADE63A37D8D0F76C89E34A">Lepidoptera pests of sapodilla (Manilkara zapota (L.) van Royen) in south Florida, with some comments on life history and natural control</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8E30A957137B830201ED6EEE24B8E693">Crane, Jonathan H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B916A9B05F29900D540EDDB962582E82">Wasielewski, Jeff</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="563A22B063209A26E1ED7B5894F345A6">Miller, Jacqueline Y.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6C37C0D2A72E5CF2515B19C0AAEC37C8">Carrillo, Daniel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="B5F8358264176C62E2749D9D3E854DCA">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="A0E5653AFFF9FFCDFF0CF5E9FF5FFDA7" box="[192,632,491,516]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="nomenclature">
|
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<paragraph id="E84036B1FFF9FFCDFF0CF5E9FF5FFDA7" blockId="11.[192,632,491,516]" box="[192,632,491,516]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
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|
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<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF9FFCDFF0CF5E9FF5FFDA7" ID-CoL="7GDK7" authority="(Zeller, 1881)" baseAuthorityName="Zeller" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[192,632,491,516]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Zamagiria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laidion">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF9FFCDFF0CF5E9FF5FFDA7" bold="true" box="[192,632,491,516]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF9FFCDFF0CF5E9FC98FDA7" bold="true" box="[192,447,491,516]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Zamagiria laidion</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF9FFCDFE03F5EEFF48FDA7" author="Zeller, P. C." box="[463,623,491,515]" journalOrPublisher="Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="154 - 256" part="16" refId="ref18501" refString="Zeller, P. C. 1881. Columbische, Chiloniden, Crambiden und Phycideen. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae 16: 154 - 256" title="Columbische, Chiloniden, Crambiden und Phycideen" type="journal article" year="1881">Zeller, 1881</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A0E5653AFFF9FFCDFF0CF61FFF2BFDCE" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFF9FFCDFF0CF61FFCD6FD94" blockId="11.[192,524,538,618]" box="[192,497,538,561]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="C8EF119FFFF9FFCDFF0CF61FFCD6FD94" box="[192,497,538,561]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF9FFCDFF0CF61FFCD6FD94" authority="Zeller, 1881" authorityName="Zeller" authorityYear="1881" box="[192,497,538,561]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Myelois" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laidion">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF9FFCDFF0CF61FFC4DFD8B" box="[192,362,538,559]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Myelois laidion</emphasis>
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="695E10A0FFF9FFCDFEBDF61EFCD6FD94" author="Zeller" box="[369,497,539,561]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" year="1881">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF9FFCDFEBDF61EFCD6FD94" author="Zeller, P. C." box="[369,497,539,561]" journalOrPublisher="Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="154 - 256" part="16" refId="ref18501" refString="Zeller, P. C. 1881. Columbische, Chiloniden, Crambiden und Phycideen. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae 16: 154 - 256" title="Columbische, Chiloniden, Crambiden und Phycideen" type="journal article" year="1881">Zeller, 1881</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFF9FFCDFF0CF63DFCCAFDE9" blockId="11.[192,524,538,618]" box="[192,493,567,589]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="C8EF119FFFF9FFCDFF0CF63DFCCAFDE9" box="[192,493,567,589]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF9FFCDFF0CF63DFCCAFDE9" ID-CoL="98PLR" authority="Dyar, 1919" authorityName="Dyar" authorityYear="1919" box="[192,493,567,589]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Zamagiria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deia">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF9FFCDFF0CF63DFC49FDE8" box="[192,366,567,589]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Zamagiria deia</emphasis>
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="695E10A0FFF9FFCDFEB9F63DFCCAFDE9" author="Dyar" box="[373,493,568,589]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" year="1919">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF9FFCDFEB9F63DFCCAFDE9" author="Dyar" box="[373,493,568,589]" firstAuthor="Dyar" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="40 - 63" refId="ref13975" refString="Dyar, H. G. 1919. Some tropical American Phycitinae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Insecutor inscitiae menstruus 7: 40 - 63." type="journal article" year="1919">Dyar, 1919</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFF9FFCDFF0CF650FF2BFDCE" blockId="11.[192,524,538,618]" box="[192,524,597,618]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="C8EF119FFFF9FFCDFF0CF650FF2BFDCE" box="[192,524,597,618]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF9FFCDFF0CF650FF2BFDCE" ID-CoL="98PLS" authority="Dyar, 1919" authorityName="Dyar" authorityYear="1919" box="[192,524,597,618]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Zamagiria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striella">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF9FFCDFF0CF650FCAAFDCE" box="[192,397,597,618]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Zamagiria striella</emphasis>
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="695E10A0FFF9FFCDFE58F650FF2BFDCE" author="Dyar" box="[404,524,597,618]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" year="1919">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF9FFCDFE58F650FF2BFDCE" author="Dyar" box="[404,524,597,618]" firstAuthor="Dyar" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="40 - 63" refId="ref13975" refString="Dyar, H. G. 1919. Some tropical American Phycitinae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Insecutor inscitiae menstruus 7: 40 - 63." type="journal article" year="1919">Dyar, 1919</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A0E5653AFFF9FFCDFF24F681FF07FD18" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFF9FFCDFF24F681FF07FD18" blockId="11.[192,1440,643,700]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF9FFCDFF24F681FCA5FD38" author="Zeller, P. C." box="[232,386,644,668]" journalOrPublisher="Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="154 - 256" part="16" refId="ref18501" refString="Zeller, P. C. 1881. Columbische, Chiloniden, Crambiden und Phycideen. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae 16: 154 - 256" title="Columbische, Chiloniden, Crambiden und Phycideen" type="journal article" year="1881">Zeller (1881)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
described
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF9FFCDFDCEF681FFC5FD3F" baseAuthorityName="Zeller" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[514,738,643,667]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Zamagiria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laidion">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF9FFCDFDCEF681FFC5FD3F" box="[514,738,643,667]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Zamagiria laidion</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
based on a specimen captured by Petersen from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFF9FFCDFAE0F681F887FD38" box="[1324,1440,644,668]" name="Colombia" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and deposited in the BMNH.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A0E5653AFFF9FFCDFF0CF6D1FF4BFAF7" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFF9FFCDFF0CF6D1FF4BFAF7" blockId="11.[192,1441,724,1363]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF9FFCDFF0CF6D1FC8BFD48" bold="true" box="[192,428,724,748]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Description. Egg.</emphasis>
|
||||
Whitish-green and flat changing to grayish green just before hatching.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF9FFCDFAC9F6D1F879FD48" bold="true" box="[1285,1374,724,748]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Larva.</emphasis>
|
||||
First and second instar grayish-green with dark lines throughout the body. Third to fifth instar variable in color; yellowish-green, reddish-brown or brownish-black; the latter color form with grayish mid dorsal line; the head mottled with white dots. Mature larva length,
|
||||
<quantity id="2F079B54FFF9FFCDFC61F730F96CFCE9" box="[941,1099,821,845]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.03" metricValueMax="1.1099999999999999" metricValueMin="0.95" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="10.3" valueMax="11.1" valueMin="9.5">9.5–11.1 mm</quantity>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="70C42A34FFF9FFCDFB90F730F99EFCEA" box="[1116,1209,821,846]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="25.[192,275,1819,1841]" captionTargetBox="[377,1254,213,1785]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[377,1254,213,1785]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 1. Larvae of Lepidoptera pests of sapodilla. A) Dichrorampha sapodilla Heppner. B) Comotia torsicornis Dyar. C) Holcocera crassicornella Dietz. D) Zamagiria laidion (Zeller). E) Electrostrymon angelia (Hewitson). F) Phidotricha erigens Ragonot. G) Banisia myrsusalis Walker. H) Banisia argutula Whalley. I) Pyroderces badia (Hodges). J) Erinnyis ello (Linnaeus)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3676601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3676601/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF9FFCDFB03F730F870FCE9" bold="true" box="[1231,1367,821,845]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Pre-pupa.</emphasis>
|
||||
Paler and wider than the last instar.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF9FFCDFDF3F753FFA8FCCA" bold="true" box="[575,655,854,878]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Pupa.</emphasis>
|
||||
Greenish-brown and changing to dark-brown before emergence.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF9FFCDFF0CF773FC33FC2A" bold="true" box="[192,276,886,910]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Adult.</emphasis>
|
||||
Sexually dimorphic, males are larger than females.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF9FFCDFC45F773F909FC2A" box="[905,1070,886,910]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Wing expanse</emphasis>
|
||||
: males
|
||||
<quantity id="2F079B54FFF9FFCDFB45F773F810FC2A" box="[1161,1335,886,910]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.155" metricValueMax="2.29" metricValueMin="2.02" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="21.549999999999997" valueMax="22.9" valueMin="20.2">20.2–22.9 mm</quantity>
|
||||
, females
|
||||
<quantity id="2F079B54FFF9FFCDFF0CF793FC49FC0A" box="[192,366,918,942]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.935" metricValueMax="2.05" metricValueMin="1.8199999999999998" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="19.35" valueMax="20.5" valueMin="18.2">18.2–20.5 mm</quantity>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF9FFCDFEBBF793FCF5FC09" bold="true" box="[375,466,918,942]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Wings.</emphasis>
|
||||
Forewings elongated, very narrow posterad and gently extended without a sharp tip.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF9FFCDFF3EF7B3FC84FC6B" box="[242,419,950,975]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Dorsal surface</emphasis>
|
||||
: whitish-gray basally; costal margin mottled with scattered gray scales; two darkbrown transverse curved lines, which are serrated distally (First on postdiscal area and the second on discal area); fold with rough scales from the inner edge to ¾ of the wing width; yellow patch between two dark-brown transverse curved lines; two long dark black bands with a brown patch inside them equidistant from the two transverse lines; whitish line in inner margin along with brown shadows; outer margin with dark line and small square dots; fringe pale brownish-gray anterad and darker posterad. Hindwings glassy; yellowish shimmer along the costal margin gray; anal margin with scattered brown scales.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF9FFCDFEA2F09CFF0EFB15" box="[366,553,1177,1201]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Ventral surface</emphasis>
|
||||
: both wings pale-gray, forewings darker than hindwings.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF9FFCDFB3BF09CF860FB15" bold="true" box="[1271,1351,1177,1201]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Head.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF9FFCDFA83F09CFDCCFB75" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Antennae</emphasis>
|
||||
: Filiform; length extended to middle of body; male with tuft of scales modified at the base.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF9FFCDFA80F0BFF8BEFB75" box="[1356,1433,1210,1233]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Vertex</emphasis>
|
||||
: Grayish-brown.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF9FFCDFE44F0DFFF30FB56" box="[392,535,1242,1266]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Mouthparts</emphasis>
|
||||
: Labial palp marbled in gray and brown; elongated with second segment larger than first and third.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF9FFCDFDC5F0FFFF7FFAB6" bold="true" box="[521,600,1274,1298]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Body.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF9FFCDFD92F0FFFE46FAB6" box="[606,865,1274,1298]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Thorax and abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: Grayish-brown dorsally and pale whitish-gray ventrally.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF9FFCDFEF1F11EFC53FA96" box="[317,372,1307,1330]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Legs</emphasis>
|
||||
: Forelegs dark-brown dorsally and pale grayish-brown ventrally; mid-legs and hindlegs uniformly grayish-brown (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="70C42A34FFF9FFCDFDCDF13EFF78FAF7" box="[513,607,1339,1363]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="26.[192,275,1790,1812]" captionTargetBox="[379,1254,213,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[379,1254,213,1756]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 2. Adults of Lepidoptera pests of sapodilla. The unlabeled images in the top half of the figure are to scale, whereas the labeled images in the bottom half of the figure have been resized. A) Dichrorampha sapodilla Heppner. B) Comotia torsicornis Dyar. C) Holcocera crassicornella Dietz. D) Zamagiria laidion (Zeller). E) Pyroderces badia (Hodges). F) Phidotricha erigens Ragonot. G) Banisia myrsusalis Walker. H) Banisia argutula Whalley. I) Electrostrymon angelia (Hewitson). J) Erinnyis ello (Linnaeus)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3676603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3676603/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A0E5653AFFF9FFCDFF0CF16EFCA0F981" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFF9FFCDFF0CF16EFCA0F981" blockId="11.[192,1440,1387,1573]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF9FFCDFF0CF16EFC54FA27" bold="true" box="[192,371,1387,1411]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF9FFCDFEB7F169FF79FA27" baseAuthorityName="Zeller" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[379,606,1387,1411]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Zamagiria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laidion">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF9FFCDFEB7F169FF79FA27" box="[379,606,1387,1411]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Zamagiria laidion</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has been reported in Neotropical regions especially in Central and South America and some Caribbean Islands (
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFF9FFCDFD14F189FE02FA00" box="[728,805,1420,1444]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFF9FFCDFCE3F189FEA0FA00" box="[815,903,1420,1444]" name="Bolivia" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFF9FFCDFC5DF189F921FA00" box="[913,1030,1420,1444]" name="Colombia" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFF9FFCDFBC3F189F975FA00" box="[1039,1106,1420,1444]" name="Cuba" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFF9FFCDFB90F189F9CDFA00" box="[1116,1258,1420,1444]" name="El Salvador" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">El Salvador</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, Guana Island,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFF9FFCDFF0CF1A9FC6CFA60" box="[192,331,1452,1476]" name="Guatemala" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, Hispaniola;
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFF9FFCDFE21F1A9FF72FA67" box="[493,597,1452,1475]" name="Panama" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFF9FFCDFDAEF1A9FE7DFA60" box="[610,858,1452,1476]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Dominican Republic</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFF9FFCDFC55F1A9F93EFA60" box="[921,1049,1452,1476]" name="Venezuela" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||||
) by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF9FFCDFB82F1A9F9CAFA60" author="Zeller, P. C." box="[1102,1261,1452,1476]" journalOrPublisher="Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="154 - 256" part="16" refId="ref18501" refString="Zeller, P. C. 1881. Columbische, Chiloniden, Crambiden und Phycideen. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae 16: 154 - 256" title="Columbische, Chiloniden, Crambiden und Phycideen" type="journal article" year="1881">Zeller (1881)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF9FFCDFB35F1A9FC37FA40" author="Rubio-Espina, E." journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Facultad de Agronomia (LUZ)" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 24" part="1" refId="ref17404" refString="Rubio-Espina, E. 1968. Estudio preliminar de los insectos perjudiciales a los arboles de nispero (Achras Zapota Linnaeus) en el estado Zulia, Venezuela. Revista de la Facultad de Agronomia (LUZ) 1: 1 - 24." title="Estudio preliminar de los insectos perjudiciales a los arboles de nispero (Achras Zapota Linnaeus) en el estado Zulia, Venezuela" type="journal article" year="1968">Rubio-Espina (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF9FFCDFED6F1C9FC9CFA40" author="Marin" box="[282,443,1484,1508]" firstAuthor="Marin" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" refId="ref15498" refString="Marin, J. C. 1973. Preliminary list of pests of Annonaceae, sapodilla (Achras zapota L.) and guava" type="book" year="1973">Marin (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF9FFCDFE09F1C8FF9FFA40" author="Iruegas" box="[453,696,1484,1509]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Iruegas" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="394 - 397" refId="ref14896" refString="Iruegas, R., B. Gomez, L. Cruz-Lopez, E. A. Malo, and J. C. Rojas. 2002. A new record of a moth attacking sapodilla, with descriptions of female genitalia and the last instar larva. Florida Entomologist 85: 394 - 397." type="journal article" year="2002">Iruegas et al. (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF9FFCDFD0FF1C9FE59FA40" author="Neunzig, H. H." box="[707,894,1484,1508]" journalOrPublisher="Tropical Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="7 - 12" part="11" refId="ref16357" refString="Neunzig, H. H. 2000. New Phycitine records for the Dominican Republic and description of a new species of Nefundella (Lepidoptera: Phycitinae). Tropical Lepidoptera 11: 7 - 12" title="New Phycitine records for the Dominican Republic and description of a new species of Nefundella (Lepidoptera: Phycitinae)" type="journal article" year="2000">Neunzig (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF9FFCDFC45F1C9F9ACFA40" author="Carneiro, J. S. & P. H. S. Silva & H. U. Sousa" box="[905,1163,1484,1508]" journalOrPublisher="Embrapa: Comunicado Tecnico" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 3" part="156" refId="ref13052" refString="Carneiro, J. S., P. H. S. Silva, and H. U. Sousa. 2003. Ocorrencia de Zamagiria laidion (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) atacando sapotizeiros na Regiao dos Tabuleiros Costeiros do Piaui. Embrapa: Comunicado Tecnico 156: 1 - 3." title="Ocorrencia de Zamagiria laidion (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) atacando sapotizeiros na Regiao dos Tabuleiros Costeiros do Piaui" type="journal article" year="2003">Carneiro et al. (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF9FFCDFB59F1C9F8BCFA40" author="Monteiro, R. F. & M. V. Macedo & M. D. S. Nascimento & R. S. Cury" box="[1173,1435,1484,1508]" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Entomologia" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="313 - 320" part="51" refId="ref15981" refString="Monteiro, R. F., M. V. Macedo, M. D. S. Nascimento, and R. S. Cury. 2007. Composicao, abundancia e notas sobre a ecologia de especies de larvas de lepidopteros associadas a cinco especies de plantas hospedeiras no Parque Nacional da Restinga de Jurubatiba, RJ. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 51: 313 - 320." title="Composicao, abundancia e notas sobre a ecologia de especies de larvas de lepidopteros associadas a cinco especies de plantas hospedeiras no Parque Nacional da Restinga de Jurubatiba, RJ" type="journal article" year="2007">Monteiro et al. (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF9FFCDFF0CF1E8FC5AF9A1" accessDate="invalid" author="Vanegas, M. J." box="[192,381,1517,1541]" journalOrPublisher="Direccion de Innovacion y Calidad del Ministerio de Economia (MINEC)" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 63" publicationUrl="http://www.innovacion.gob.sv/inventa/attachments/article/4319/A4743E.pdf" refId="ref17952" refString="Vanegas, M. J. 2008. Oportunidades de las cadenas fruticolas para contribuir al desarrollo rural de la zona alta de Chalatenango. Direccion de Innovacion y Calidad del Ministerio de Economia (MINEC). 1 - 63. Available at http: // www. innovacion. gob. sv / inventa / attachments / article / 4319 / A 4743 E. pdf. (Last accessed October 6, 2015)." title="Oportunidades de las cadenas fruticolas para contribuir al desarrollo rural de la zona alta de Chalatenango" type="book chapter" year="2008">Vanegas (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and Núñez and Barro (2003). It has also been recorded in the
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFF9FFCDFB4EF1E8F99BF9A1" box="[1154,1212,1517,1541]" name="United States of America" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(south
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="2A3BF853FFF9FFCDFAD5F1E8F854F9A1" box="[1305,1395,1517,1541]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||||
) by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF9FFCDFF0CF208FCA4F981" author="Heppner" box="[192,387,1549,1573]" firstAuthor="Heppner" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" refId="ref14453" refString="Heppner, J. B. 2003. Lepidoptera of Florida. Part 1. Introduction and catalog. Arthropods of Florida and neighboring land areas Vol. 17. Florida Department of Agriculture; Gainesville, FL. 670 p." type="book" year="2003">Heppner (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A0E5653AFFF9FFCAFF0CF238F964FD17" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFF9FFCDFF0CF238F81AF932" blockId="11.[192,1440,1597,1687]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF9FFCDFF0CF238FC32F9F1" bold="true" box="[192,277,1597,1621]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Hosts.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF9FFCDFED1F238FFC9F9F1" authority="Lindl." authorityName="Lindl." box="[285,750,1597,1621]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Eriobotyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF9FFCDFED1F238FF37F9F1" box="[285,528,1597,1621]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Eriobotyra japonica</emphasis>
|
||||
Lindl. (Rosaceae)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF9FFCDFD36F238F99CF9F1" box="[762,1211,1597,1621]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Manilkara" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="jaimiqui" subSpecies="emarginata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF9FFCDFD36F238FEC8F9F1" box="[762,1007,1597,1621]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Manilkara jaimiqui</emphasis>
|
||||
ssp.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF9FFCDFBE2F23BF99CF9F1" box="[1070,1211,1598,1621]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">emarginata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(L.) Cronquist,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF9FFCDFA4CF23BFF24F9D2" authority="(Mart.) Dubard" authorityName="Dubard" authorityYear="1915" baseAuthorityName="Mart." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Manilkara" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subsericea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF9FFCDFA4CF23BFC19F9D1" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">M. subsericea</emphasis>
|
||||
(Mart.) Dubard
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF9FFCDFDDCF25BFFAEF9D1" box="[528,649,1630,1653]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Manilkara" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zapota">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF9FFCDFDDCF25BFFAEF9D1" box="[528,649,1630,1653]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">M. zapota</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(L.) van Royen,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF9FFCDFC9DF25BF938F9D1" box="[849,1055,1629,1653]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Mimusops" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elengi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF9FFCDFC9DF25BF938F9D1" box="[849,1055,1629,1653]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Mimusops elengi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L., (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF9FFCDFB9AF25BF9C6F9D2" box="[1110,1249,1630,1654]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Sapotaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF9FFCDFB35F25BFDD9F932" author="Rubio-Espina, E." journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Facultad de Agronomia (LUZ)" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 24" part="1" refId="ref17404" refString="Rubio-Espina, E. 1968. Estudio preliminar de los insectos perjudiciales a los arboles de nispero (Achras Zapota Linnaeus) en el estado Zulia, Venezuela. Revista de la Facultad de Agronomia (LUZ) 1: 1 - 24." title="Estudio preliminar de los insectos perjudiciales a los arboles de nispero (Achras Zapota Linnaeus) en el estado Zulia, Venezuela" type="journal article" year="1968">Rubio-Espina 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF9FFCDFEC6F27BFCE7F932" author="Robinson, G. S." box="[266,448,1662,1686]" journalOrPublisher="Nota Lepidopterologica" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="35 - 47" part="22" refId="ref17139" refString="Robinson, G. S. 1999. HOSTS-a database of the hostplants of the world's Lepidoptera. Nota Lepidopterologica 22: 35 - 47." title="HOSTS-a database of the hostplants of the world's Lepidoptera" type="journal article" year="1999">Robinson 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF9FFCDFE00F27AFF48F932" author="Iruegas" box="[460,623,1662,1687]" firstAuthor="Iruegas" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="394 - 397" refId="ref14896" refString="Iruegas, R., B. Gomez, L. Cruz-Lopez, E. A. Malo, and J. C. Rojas. 2002. A new record of a moth attacking sapodilla, with descriptions of female genitalia and the last instar larva. Florida Entomologist 85: 394 - 397." type="journal article" year="2002">Iruegas 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF9FFCDFDB6F27BFE56F932" author="Carneiro, J. S. & P. H. S. Silva & H. U. Sousa" box="[634,881,1662,1686]" journalOrPublisher="Embrapa: Comunicado Tecnico" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 3" part="156" refId="ref13052" refString="Carneiro, J. S., P. H. S. Silva, and H. U. Sousa. 2003. Ocorrencia de Zamagiria laidion (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) atacando sapotizeiros na Regiao dos Tabuleiros Costeiros do Piaui. Embrapa: Comunicado Tecnico 156: 1 - 3." title="Ocorrencia de Zamagiria laidion (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) atacando sapotizeiros na Regiao dos Tabuleiros Costeiros do Piaui" type="journal article" year="2003">Carneiro et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF9FFCDFCB0F27BF951F932" author="Monteiro, R. F. & M. V. Macedo & M. D. S. Nascimento & R. S. Cury" box="[892,1142,1662,1686]" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Entomologia" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="313 - 320" part="51" refId="ref15981" refString="Monteiro, R. F., M. V. Macedo, M. D. S. Nascimento, and R. S. Cury. 2007. Composicao, abundancia e notas sobre a ecologia de especies de larvas de lepidopteros associadas a cinco especies de plantas hospedeiras no Parque Nacional da Restinga de Jurubatiba, RJ. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 51: 313 - 320." title="Composicao, abundancia e notas sobre a ecologia de especies de larvas de lepidopteros associadas a cinco especies de plantas hospedeiras no Parque Nacional da Restinga de Jurubatiba, RJ" type="journal article" year="2007">Monteiro et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF9FFCDFB4DF27AF817F932" accessDate="invalid" author="Vanegas, M. J." box="[1153,1328,1662,1687]" journalOrPublisher="Direccion de Innovacion y Calidad del Ministerio de Economia (MINEC)" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 63" publicationUrl="http://www.innovacion.gob.sv/inventa/attachments/article/4319/A4743E.pdf" refId="ref17952" refString="Vanegas, M. J. 2008. Oportunidades de las cadenas fruticolas para contribuir al desarrollo rural de la zona alta de Chalatenango. Direccion de Innovacion y Calidad del Ministerio de Economia (MINEC). 1 - 63. Available at http: // www. innovacion. gob. sv / inventa / attachments / article / 4319 / A 4743 E. pdf. (Last accessed October 6, 2015)." title="Oportunidades de las cadenas fruticolas para contribuir al desarrollo rural de la zona alta de Chalatenango" type="book chapter" year="2008">Vanegas 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFF9FFCDFF0CF2ABFF01F8EC" blockId="11.[192,1440,1710,1928]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF9FFCDFF0CF2ABFCBAF962" bold="true" box="[192,413,1710,1734]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Natural history.</emphasis>
|
||||
Adults are nocturnal and were observed mostly during the summer (late August) to fall (early November) in
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="2A3BF853FFF9FFCDFE27F2CAFF63F943" box="[491,580,1743,1767]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||||
when there was a considerable increase in population. The population decreased in the winter and increased again in early spring (March-April) but spring populations were still smaller than in the summer. The females commonly oviposit on floral buds, mature flowers, leaf buds, and leaves of sapodilla.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFF9FFCAFF24F355F861FEF6" blockId="11.[192,1440,1710,1928]" lastBlockId="12.[192,1440,217,434]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
The egg hatches after three to four days and immediately the caterpillar begins boring into the flow- ers and leaves, which gives the caterpillar a characteristic coloration depending upon what it feeds on. Individuals that feed on floral parts are reddish green, and those that eat leaf buds are grayish green.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFEFFCAFF0CF4FFFC64FEB6" box="[192,323,250,274]" genus="The" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="larvae">The larvae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
that feed on mature flowers are dark brown with a paler mid-dorsal line and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFEFFCAFB27F4FFF841FEB6" box="[1259,1382,250,274]" genus="The" pageId="12" pageNumber="15" rank="species" species="larvae">the larvae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
that feed on leaves are yellowish green. Some larvae stay inside the flower during all development stages (18–24 days) until they reach the pupal stage and others prefer to make a cocoon in the leaves.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFEFFCAFF24F55FFF45FE15" blockId="12.[192,1440,217,434]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">The pupal stage is about 19–23 days. The adult life span is seven to nine days feeding only on sugar water. However, we observed some adults feeding on the nectar of sapodilla flowers, but we do not know how this affect the adult life span.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFEFFCAFF0CF5CFFEACFDE6" blockId="12.[192,1440,458,579]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFF0CF5CFFC12FE46" bold="true" box="[192,309,458,482]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Damage.</emphasis>
|
||||
This species feeds on everything inside the flowers, including sepals and pedicels; these flowers turn reddish green then desiccate and abscise. The entire inflorescence, including leaf buds, is destroyed, with silk tunnels and frass attached to the outside.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFEFFCAFCF7F60FFE98FD86" box="[827,959,522,546]" genus="The" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="larvae">The larvae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
also feed on leaves, preferring the new leaves and sometimes eating every part except the midrib.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFEFFCAFF0CF65FF964FD17" blockId="12.[192,1440,602,691]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFF0CF65FFC5EFDD6" bold="true" box="[192,377,602,626]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Management.</emphasis>
|
||||
Some species of parasitic wasps were observed parasitizing
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFEFFCAFB9EF65EF9EEFDD6" baseAuthorityName="Zeller" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[1106,1225,602,626]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Zamagiria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laidion">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFB9EF65EF9EEFDD6" box="[1106,1225,602,626]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Z. laidion</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
including
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFEFFCAFA85F65EF887FDD6" box="[1353,1440,603,626]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Bracon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFA85F65EF887FDD6" box="[1353,1440,603,626]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Bracon</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFEFFCAFED0F67EFFBBFD36" authority="(Ashmead)" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" box="[284,668,634,658]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Goniozus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floridanus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFED0F67EFF28FD36" box="[284,527,634,658]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Goniozus floridanus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Ashmead)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. We also found some adults eaten by
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFEFFCAFB99F67EF8BAFD37" authority="(Lucas)" baseAuthorityName="Lucas" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[1109,1437,634,659]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Neoscona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crucifera">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFB99F67EF81EFD36" box="[1109,1337,634,658]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Neoscona crucifera</emphasis>
|
||||
(Lucas)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Additionally, some pesticides have been used without a significant result.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
402
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402
data/60/56/87/605687A7FFFAFFCFFF0CF55EFEBFFE90.xml
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@ -0,0 +1,402 @@
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<mods:title id="F168943C5882B0B9829707E857D8FC9E">Lepidoptera pests of sapodilla (Manilkara zapota (L.) van Royen) in south Florida, with some comments on life history and natural control</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFAFFCEFF0CF55EFF5DFED7" ID-CoL="947YJ" authority="(Hodges, 1962)" baseAuthorityName="Hodges" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[192,634,347,371]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Pyroderces" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="badia">
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<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFAFFCEFF0CF55EFC8BFED7" bold="true" box="[192,428,347,371]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Pyroderces badia</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFAFFCEFE70F55EFF56FED7" author="Hodges" box="[444,625,347,371]" firstAuthor="Hodges" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 171" refId="ref14635" refString="Hodges, R. W. 1962. A revision of the Cosmopterigidae of America north of Mexico, with a definition of Momphidae and Walshiidae (Lepidoptera, Gelechioidea). Entomologica Americana 42: 1 - 171." type="journal article" year="1962">Hodges, 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A0E5653AFFFAFFCEFF0CF58FFE17FE1A" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFAFFCEFF0CF58FFF0FFE05" blockId="8.[192,816,394,447]" box="[192,552,394,417]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
|
||||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="C8EF119FFFFAFFCEFF0CF58FFF0FFE05" box="[192,552,394,417]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFAFFCEFF0CF58FFF0FFE05" ID-CoL="6Y2MY" authority="Hodges, 1962" authorityName="Hodges" authorityYear="1962" box="[192,552,394,417]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Sathrobrota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="badia">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFAFFCEFF0CF58FFCABFE3B" box="[192,396,394,415]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Sathrobrota badia</emphasis>
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="695E10A0FFFAFFCEFE5FF58EFF0FFE05" author="Hodges" box="[403,552,395,417]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" year="1962">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFAFFCEFE5FF58EFF0FFE05" author="Hodges" box="[403,552,395,417]" firstAuthor="Hodges" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 171" refId="ref14635" refString="Hodges, R. W. 1962. A revision of the Cosmopterigidae of America north of Mexico, with a definition of Momphidae and Walshiidae (Lepidoptera, Gelechioidea). Entomologica Americana 42: 1 - 171." type="journal article" year="1962">Hodges, 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
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</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFAFFCEFF0CF5ADFE17FE1A" blockId="8.[192,816,394,447]" box="[192,816,424,447]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
|
||||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="C8EF119FFFFAFFCEFF0CF5ADFE17FE1A" box="[192,816,424,447]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFAFFCEFF0CF5ADFF73FE1B" authority="(Hodges, 1962)" baseAuthorityName="Hodges" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[192,596,424,447]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Anatrachyntis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="badia">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFAFFCEFF0CF5ADFC83FE19" box="[192,420,424,445]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Anatrachyntis badia</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="695E10A0FFFAFFCEFE7FF5ACFF6BFE1B" author="Hodges" box="[435,588,425,447]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" year="1962">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFAFFCEFE7FF5ACFF6BFE1B" author="Hodges" box="[435,588,425,447]" firstAuthor="Hodges" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 171" refId="ref14635" refString="Hodges, R. W. 1962. A revision of the Cosmopterigidae of America north of Mexico, with a definition of Momphidae and Walshiidae (Lepidoptera, Gelechioidea). Entomologica Americana 42: 1 - 171." type="journal article" year="1962">Hodges, 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="695E10A0FFFAFFCEFDA9F5ACFE17FE1A" author="Zimmerman" box="[613,816,425,447]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" year="1978">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFAFFCEFDA9F5ACFE17FE1A" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[613,816,425,447]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" refId="ref18549" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. 1978. Microlepidoptera. In: Insects of Hawaii. Vol. 9. University of Hawaii Press; Honolulu. 1903 p." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A0E5653AFFFAFFCEFF24F5DDFC4BFDB5" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFAFFCEFF24F5DDFC4BFDB5" blockId="8.[192,1440,472,529]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFAFFCEFF24F5DDFC90FE54" baseAuthorityName="Hodges" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[232,439,472,496]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Pyroderces" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="badia">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFAFFCEFF24F5DDFC90FE54" box="[232,439,472,496]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Pyroderces badia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was described by R.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFAFFCEFD7EF5DDFE78FE54" author="Hodges" box="[690,863,472,496]" firstAuthor="Hodges" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 171" refId="ref14635" refString="Hodges, R. W. 1962. A revision of the Cosmopterigidae of America north of Mexico, with a definition of Momphidae and Walshiidae (Lepidoptera, Gelechioidea). Entomologica Americana 42: 1 - 171." type="journal article" year="1962">Hodges (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
from a specimen from the J. K. Small collection at the USNM.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A0E5653AFFFAFFCEFF0CF62FF924FC6A" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFAFFCEFF0CF62FF924FC6A" blockId="8.[192,1440,554,974]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFAFFCEFF0CF62FFC94FDE6" bold="true" box="[192,435,554,578]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Description. Egg.</emphasis>
|
||||
Very small size; completely silvery white and changing to snowy white before hatching.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFAFFCEFEF6F64EFCB4FDC7" bold="true" box="[314,403,587,611]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Larva.</emphasis>
|
||||
First instar is dark-pink, head and last abdominal segment dark-brown, thorax black with silver band in pronotum; Second to fifth instars similar to first, except color soft pink and length
|
||||
<quantity id="2F079B54FFFAFFCEFF0CF688FC76FD00" box="[192,337,653,677]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.35" metricValueMax="8.9" metricValueMin="5.8" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="7.35" valueMax="8.9" valueMin="5.8">5.8–8.9 mm</quantity>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="70C42A34FFFAFFCEFEAFF688FC92FD01" box="[355,437,653,677]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="25.[192,275,1819,1841]" captionTargetBox="[377,1254,213,1785]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[377,1254,213,1785]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 1. Larvae of Lepidoptera pests of sapodilla. A) Dichrorampha sapodilla Heppner. B) Comotia torsicornis Dyar. C) Holcocera crassicornella Dietz. D) Zamagiria laidion (Zeller). E) Electrostrymon angelia (Hewitson). F) Phidotricha erigens Ragonot. G) Banisia myrsusalis Walker. H) Banisia argutula Whalley. I) Pyroderces badia (Hodges). J) Erinnyis ello (Linnaeus)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3676601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3676601/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Fig. 1I</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFAFFCEFE03F688FF70FD01" bold="true" box="[463,599,653,677]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Pre-pupa.</emphasis>
|
||||
Similar in size and color to that of last instar but wider and paler.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFAFFCEFF0CF6ABFC37FD62" bold="true" box="[192,272,686,710]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Pupa.</emphasis>
|
||||
Elongate, similar size to last larval instar.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFAFFCEFCD0F6ABFE48FD62" bold="true" box="[796,879,686,710]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Adult.</emphasis>
|
||||
Sexually dimorphic, female larger and darker than male.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFAFFCEFE82F6CAFCD2FD42" box="[334,501,719,742]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Wing expanse</emphasis>
|
||||
: males
|
||||
<quantity id="2F079B54FFFAFFCEFD9AF6CAFFCFFD42" box="[598,744,719,743]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.05" metricValueMax="4.7" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="4.05" valueMax="4.7" valueMin="3.4">3.4–4.7 mm</quantity>
|
||||
, females
|
||||
<quantity id="2F079B54FFFAFFCEFC90F6CAFED7FD42" box="[860,1008,719,743]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.35" metricValueMax="5.8" metricValueMin="4.9" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="5.35" valueMax="5.8" valueMin="4.9">4.9–5.8 mm</quantity>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFAFFCEFC30F6CAF970FD43" bold="true" box="[1020,1111,719,743]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Wings.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFAFFCEFB93F6CAF837FD43" box="[1119,1296,719,743]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Dorsal surface</emphasis>
|
||||
: Forewings pale-brown with a series of transverse markings of different color shades ranging from dark-brown to white occasionally overlain with golden-brown or dark-gray scales. Hindwings dark-brown with overlaid with dark-gray or white scales.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFAFFCEFD8BF737FE25FCEE" box="[583,770,818,842]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Ventral surface</emphasis>
|
||||
: Both wings dark-brown with overlaid with dark-gray or white scales.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFAFFCEFE47F756FCFCFCCF" bold="true" box="[395,475,851,875]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Head.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFAFFCEFE28F756FF70FCCE" box="[484,599,851,874]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Antennae</emphasis>
|
||||
: Filiform; nearly ¾ length of the body.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFAFFCEFB86F756F9B0FCCE" box="[1098,1175,851,874]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Vertex</emphasis>
|
||||
: Brown.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFAFFCEFAC5F757F8BFFCCE" box="[1289,1432,850,874]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Mouthparts</emphasis>
|
||||
: Labial palpi with second and third segment longer than first; lines with different shades present.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFAFFCEFA9EF771F887FC28" bold="true" box="[1362,1440,884,908]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Body.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFAFFCEFF0CF791FCE3FC08" box="[192,452,916,940]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Thorax and abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: Generally reddish-brown but sometimes pale-brown or brown blended with gray and dark-brown.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFAFFCEFE5FF7B3FCEDFC69" box="[403,458,950,973]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Legs</emphasis>
|
||||
: Similar to labial palps in coloration (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="70C42A34FFFAFFCEFC56F7B3FED1FC6A" box="[922,1014,950,974]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="26.[192,275,1790,1812]" captionTargetBox="[379,1254,213,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[379,1254,213,1756]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 2. Adults of Lepidoptera pests of sapodilla. The unlabeled images in the top half of the figure are to scale, whereas the labeled images in the bottom half of the figure have been resized. A) Dichrorampha sapodilla Heppner. B) Comotia torsicornis Dyar. C) Holcocera crassicornella Dietz. D) Zamagiria laidion (Zeller). E) Pyroderces badia (Hodges). F) Phidotricha erigens Ragonot. G) Banisia myrsusalis Walker. H) Banisia argutula Whalley. I) Electrostrymon angelia (Hewitson). J) Erinnyis ello (Linnaeus)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3676603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3676603/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A0E5653AFFFAFFCEFF0CF7E3F877FB61" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFAFFCEFF0CF7E3F877FB61" blockId="8.[192,1440,998,1221]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFAFFCEFF0CF7E3FC54FC5A" bold="true" box="[192,371,998,1022]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFAFFCEFEB6F7E3FF6CFC5A" baseAuthorityName="Hodges" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[378,587,998,1022]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Pyroderces" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="badia">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFAFFCEFEB6F7E3FF6CFC5A" box="[378,587,998,1022]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Pyroderces badia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is found in the
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFFAFFCEFCC0F7E2FE6EFC5B" box="[780,841,999,1023]" name="United States of America" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, mainly in
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="2A3BF853FFFAFFCEFC1EF7E2F909FC5B" box="[978,1070,999,1023]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||||
, but has also been reported in
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="2A3BF853FFFAFFCEFF0CF00DFC1AFB84" box="[192,317,1032,1056]" country="United States of America" name="Louisiana" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Louisiana</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="2A3BF853FFFAFFCEFE86F00DFCC6FB84" box="[330,481,1032,1056]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Washington</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="2A3BF853FFFAFFCEFE23F00DFF49FB84" box="[495,622,1032,1056]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">California</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="2A3BF853FFFAFFCEFDB7F00DFFD4FB84" box="[635,755,1032,1056]" country="United States of America" name="Maryland" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Maryland</collectingRegion>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="2A3BF853FFFAFFCEFCF8F00DFEAAFB84" box="[820,909,1032,1056]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFAFFCEFC52F00DF96FFB84" author="Hodges" box="[926,1096,1032,1056]" firstAuthor="Hodges" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" refId="ref14675" refString="Hodges, R. W. 1978. The moths of America north of Mexico, fasc. 6.1: Gelechioidea: Cosmoptergidae. E. W. Classey Ltd. and the Wedge Entomological Research Foundation; London. ix + 166 p." type="book" year="1978">Hodges, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFAFFCEFB9AF00DF875FB84" author="Adamski, D. & J. W. Brown & H. W. White" box="[1110,1362,1032,1056]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="341 - 346" part="108" refId="ref12318" refString="Adamski, D., J. W. Brown, and H. W. White. 2006. Description of the immature stages of Pyroderces badia (Hodges) (Lepidoptera: Cosmopterigidae), with a new host record from Louisiana. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 108: 341 - 346." title="Description of the immature stages of Pyroderces badia (Hodges) (Lepidoptera: Cosmopterigidae), with a new host record from Louisiana" type="journal article" year="2006">Adamski et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFAFFCEFAACF00DFCB2FBE5" author="Bella, S. & G. Mazzeo" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino di Zoologia agraria e di Bachicoltura, Milano" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="255 - 260" part="38" refId="ref12637" refString="Bella, S., and G. Mazzeo. 2006. First record of Anatrachyntis badia (Hodges, 1962) (Lepidoptera Cosmopterigidae) in Italy. Bollettino di Zoologia agraria e di Bachicoltura, Milano, Serie II 38: 255 - 260." title="First record of Anatrachyntis badia (Hodges, 1962) (Lepidoptera Cosmopterigidae) in Italy" type="journal article" year="2006">Bella and Mazzeo 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). It has also been observed in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFFAFFCEFD36F02CFE5BFBE5" box="[762,892,1065,1089]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(Quesada-Jiménez 2013),
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFFAFFCEFB70F02CF9DAFBE5" box="[1212,1277,1065,1089]" name="Cuba" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFAFFCEFAC6F02CFDD9FBC6" author="Alonso, O. & R. Nunez & J. C. Lezcano & M. Suris" journalOrPublisher="Pastos y Forrajes." pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="182 - 184" part="38" refId="ref12511" refString="Alonso, O., R. Nunez, J. C. Lezcano, and M. Suris. 2015. Ithome lassula Hodges (Lepidoptera: Cosmopterigidae), una nueva especie para Cuba asociada a Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit. Pastos y Forrajes. 38: 182 - 184." title="Ithome lassula Hodges (Lepidoptera: Cosmopterigidae), una nueva especie para Cuba asociada a Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit" type="journal article" year="2015">Alonso et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFFAFFCEFEDDF04FFCA2FBC6" box="[273,389,1098,1122]" name="Barbados" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Barbados</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFAFFCEFE5FF04FFF9EFBC6" author="Bennett, F. D. & M. M. Alam" bookContentInfo="81 p." box="[403,697,1098,1122]" journalOrPublisher="Caribbean Agricultural Research and Development Institute (CARDI); Saint Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" refId="ref12753" refString="Bennett, F. D., and M. M. Alam. 1985. An annotated check list of insects and terrestrial arthropods of Barbados. Caribbean Agricultural Research and Development Institute (CARDI); Saint Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago. 81 p." title="An annotated check list of insects and terrestrial arthropods of Barbados" type="book" year="1985">Bennett and Alam, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) and
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFFAFFCEFD37F04FFE52FBC6" box="[763,885,1098,1122]" name="Honduras" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Honduras</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFAFFCEFC4EF04FF973FBC6" author="Miller, J. Y. & D. L. Matthews & A. D. Warren & M. A. Solis & D. J. Harvey & P. Gentili-Poole & R. Lehman & T. C. Emmel & C. V. Covell, Jr." box="[898,1108,1098,1122]" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Mundi 0205" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref15798" refString="Miller, J. Y., D. L. Matthews, A. D. Warren, M. A. Solis, D. J. Harvey, P. Gentili-Poole, R. Lehman, T. C. Emmel, and C. V. Covell, Jr. 2012. An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Honduras. Insecta Mundi 0205: 1 - 72." title="An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Honduras" type="book chapter" year="2012">Miller et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Additionally,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFAFFCEFAC6F04FF848FBC5" baseAuthorityName="Hodges" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[1290,1391,1097,1121]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Pyroderces" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="badia">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFAFFCEFAC6F04FF848FBC5" box="[1290,1391,1097,1121]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">P. badia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has been recorded in nine European countries:
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFFAFFCEFD07F06EFE04FB26" box="[715,803,1131,1154]" name="France" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">France</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFFAFFCEFCE3F06EFEA1FB27" box="[815,902,1131,1155]" name="Greece" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFFAFFCEFC5DF06EFEE9FB27" box="[913,974,1131,1155]" name="Italy" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFFAFFCEFC16F06EF901FB27" box="[986,1062,1131,1155]" name="Malta" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Malta</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFFAFFCEFBFDF06EF9EAFB27" box="[1073,1229,1131,1155]" name="Netherlands" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Netherlands</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFFAFFCEFB15F06EF861FB27" box="[1241,1350,1131,1155]" name="Portugal" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Portugal</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFFAFFCEFA9DF06EF8BCFB27" box="[1361,1435,1131,1155]" name="Spain" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, and the
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFFAFFCEFEEFF089FC6AFB07" box="[291,333,1164,1187]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">UK</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFAFFCEFE97F089FFB1FB00" author="Koster and Sammut" box="[347,662,1164,1188]" firstAuthor="Koster" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="49 - 63" refId="ref15243" refString="Koster, S. J. C., and P. Sammut. 2006. Faunistic notes on Momphidae, Batrachedridae, Stathmopodidae and Cosmopterigidae from the Maltese Islands. Nota lepidopterologica 29: 49 - 63." type="journal article" year="2006">Koster and Sammut 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFAFFCEFD6DF089FEC3FB00" author="Seguna, A. & P. Sammut" box="[673,996,1164,1188]" journalOrPublisher="SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="287 - 288" part="35" refId="ref17610" refString="Seguna, A., and P. Sammut. 2007. Eteobalea dohrnii (Zeller, 1847) a new moth for the Maltese Islands (Lepidoptera: Cosmopterigidae). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia 35: 287 - 288." title="Eteobalea dohrnii (Zeller, 1847) a new moth for the Maltese Islands (Lepidoptera: Cosmopterigidae)" type="journal article" year="2007">Seguna and Sammut 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFAFFCEFC23F089F800FB00" author="Huemer and Wieser" box="[1007,1319,1164,1188]" firstAuthor="Huemer" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="139 - 164" refId="ref14832" refString="Huemer, P., and C. Wieser. 2010. Beitrag zur Faunistik der Schmetterlinge (Lepidoptera) in der Region Valencia (Spanien) Teil II. Denisia 29: 139 - 164." type="journal article" year="2010">Huemer and Wieser 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFAFFCEFAFEF089FC03FB61" author="Corley" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Corley" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="489 - 511" refId="ref13468" refString="Corley, M. F. V., T. Merckx, J. P. Cardoso, M. J. Dale, E. Marabuto, E. Maravalhas, and P. Pires. 2012. New and interesting Portuguese Lepidoptera records from 2011 (Insecta: Lepidoptera). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia 40: 489 - 511." type="journal article" year="2012">Corley et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFAFFCEFEE3F0A8FC9BFB61" author="Davis" box="[303,444,1197,1221]" firstAuthor="Davis" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" refId="ref13728" refString="Davis, A. M. 2012. A Review of the Status of Microlepidoptera in Britain. (Butterfly Conservation Report no. S 12 - 02). Butterfly Conservation; Wareham, United Kingdom. 34 p." type="book" year="2012">Davis 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). It was also reported in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFFAFFCEFD26F0A8FE79FB61" box="[746,862,1197,1221]" name="Australia" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFAFFCEFC45F0A8F86CFB61" author="Herbison-Evans and Crossley" box="[905,1355,1197,1221]" firstAuthor="Herbison-Evans" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" refId="ref14495" refString="Herbison-Evans, D. and S. Crossley. 2014. Families of Moths in Australia. Available at http: // lepidoptera. butterflyhouse. com. au / cosm / cosmopterigidae. html. (Last accessed September 3, 2015)." type="url" year="2014">Herbison-Evans and Crossley (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A0E5653AFFFAFFCFFF0CF0DBFEBFFE90" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFAFFCEFF0CF0DBFCECFA5A" blockId="8.[192,1440,1245,1534]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFAFFCEFF0CF0DBFC32FB52" bold="true" box="[192,277,1246,1270]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Hosts.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFAFFCEFED2F0DBFCF6FB51" authorityName="Linneo" authorityYear="1753" box="[286,465,1245,1269]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Cocos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nucifera">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFAFFCEFED2F0DBFCF6FB51" box="[286,465,1245,1269]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Cocos nucifera</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L. (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFAFFCEFDCFF0DBFFA4FB52" box="[515,643,1246,1270]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Arecaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
);
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFAFFCEFD55F0DBFE48FB51" box="[665,879,1245,1269]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Brassica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oleracea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFAFFCEFD55F0DBFE48FB51" box="[665,879,1245,1269]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Brassica oleracea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L. (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFAFFCEFC6EF0DBF963FB52" authorityName="G.T.Burnett" authorityYear="1835" box="[930,1092,1246,1270]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Brassicaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
);
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFAFFCEFB96F0DBF801FB51" box="[1114,1318,1246,1269]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Ananas" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="comosus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFAFFCEFB96F0DBF801FB51" box="[1114,1318,1246,1269]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Ananas comosus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(L.) Merr (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFAFFCEFF04F0FAFC55FAB3" box="[200,370,1279,1303]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Bromeliaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
);
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFAFFCEFE46F0FAFF83FAB3" authority="Thunb." authorityName="Thunb." box="[394,676,1278,1303]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Cycadaceae" genus="Cycas" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="revoluta">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFAFFCEFE46F0FAFF67FAB2" box="[394,576,1278,1302]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Cycas revoluta</emphasis>
|
||||
Thunb.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFAFFCEFD24F0FAFE8AFAB2" box="[744,941,1278,1302]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Cycadaceae" genus="Cycas" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="circinalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFAFFCEFD24F0FAFE8AFAB2" box="[744,941,1278,1302]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Cycas circinalis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L. (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFAFFCEFC28F0FAF95FFAB3" box="[996,1144,1279,1303]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Cycadaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cycadaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
);
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFAFFCEFB43F0FAF85BFAB2" box="[1167,1404,1278,1302]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Cassia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFAFFCEFB43F0FAF85BFAB2" box="[1167,1404,1278,1302]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Cassia occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L. (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFAFFCEFF04F125FC18FA9C" box="[200,319,1312,1336]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
);
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFAFFCEFE9FF125FF0EFA93" box="[339,553,1312,1335]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Punica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="granatum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFAFFCEFE9FF125FF0EFA93" box="[339,553,1312,1335]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Punica granatum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L. (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFAFFCEFD94F125FFC1FA9C" authorityName="J.Saint-Hilaire" authorityYear="1805" box="[600,742,1312,1336]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lythraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
);
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFAFFCEFD36F125FE19FA93" box="[762,830,1312,1335]" class="Liliopsida" family="Musaceae" genus="Musa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFAFFCEFD36F125FE19FA93" box="[762,830,1312,1335]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Musa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
ssp. (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFAFFCEFC4FF125F927FA9C" box="[899,1024,1312,1336]" class="Liliopsida" family="Musaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Musaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
);
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFAFFCEFBD8F125F80EFA9C" authority="Engelm." authorityName="Engelm." box="[1044,1321,1311,1336]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elliottii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFAFFCEFBD8F125F99EFA93" box="[1044,1209,1311,1335]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Pinus elliottii</emphasis>
|
||||
Engelm.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFAFFCEFAF8F125FC17FAFD" authority="Mill." authorityName="Mill." class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palustris">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFAFFCEFAF8F125FDCDFAFC" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">P. palustris</emphasis>
|
||||
Mill.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFAFFCEFEF3F144FF87FAFD" authority="Aiton" authorityName="Aiton" box="[319,672,1345,1369]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pinaster">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFAFFCEFEF3F144FCE1FAFC" box="[319,454,1345,1368]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">P. pinaster</emphasis>
|
||||
Aiton (Pinaceae)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFAFFCEFD63F145FE5BFAFC" box="[687,892,1344,1368]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Sorghum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFAFFCEFD63F145FE5BFAFC" box="[687,892,1344,1368]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Sorghum bicolor</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(L.) Moench (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFAFFCEFBE1F144F9B3FAFD" box="[1069,1172,1345,1369]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
);
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFAFFCEFB67F145FC5BFADE" authority="(Thunb.) Lindl." authorityName="Lindl." baseAuthorityName="Thunb." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Eriobotrya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFAFFCEFB67F145F887FAFC" box="[1195,1440,1344,1368]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Eriobotrya japonica</emphasis>
|
||||
(Thunb.) Lindl.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFAFFCEFE4BF167FF1AFADD" box="[391,573,1378,1401]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="persica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFAFFCEFE4BF167FF1AFADD" box="[391,573,1378,1401]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Prunus persica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(L.) Bastch (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFAFFCEFD14F167FE6AFADE" box="[728,845,1378,1402]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
);
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFAFFCEFCACF167FE8AFADD" box="[864,941,1378,1401]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Citrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFAFFCEFCACF167FE8AFADD" box="[864,941,1378,1401]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Citrus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
spp. (L.) Swingle (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFAFFCEFB41F167F825FADE" box="[1165,1282,1378,1402]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rutaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
);
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFAFFCEFAD9F164F840FADD" box="[1301,1383,1377,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Ulmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFAFFCEFAD9F164F840FADD" box="[1301,1383,1377,1401]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Ulmus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
spp. (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFAFFCEFF04F186FC62FA3F" box="[200,325,1411,1435]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Ulmaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
);
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFAFFCEFE97F186FCDBFA3E" box="[347,508,1410,1434]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Vitales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vinifera">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFAFFCEFE97F186FCDBFA3E" box="[347,508,1410,1434]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Vitis vinifera</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L. (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFAFFCEFDE3F186FFBDFA3F" authorityName="de Jussieu" authorityYear="1789" box="[559,666,1411,1435]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Vitales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Vitaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFAFFCEFD7FF186FE74FA3F" author="Hodges" box="[691,851,1411,1435]" firstAuthor="Hodges" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 171" refId="ref14635" refString="Hodges, R. W. 1962. A revision of the Cosmopterigidae of America north of Mexico, with a definition of Momphidae and Walshiidae (Lepidoptera, Gelechioidea). Entomologica Americana 42: 1 - 171." type="journal article" year="1962">Hodges 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFAFFCEFC97F186FEBEFA3F" author="Hodges" box="[859,921,1411,1435]" firstAuthor="Hodges" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" refId="ref14675" refString="Hodges, R. W. 1978. The moths of America north of Mexico, fasc. 6.1: Gelechioidea: Cosmoptergidae. E. W. Classey Ltd. and the Wedge Entomological Research Foundation; London. ix + 166 p." type="book" year="1978">1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFAFFCEFC6BF186F826FA3F" author="Heckford and Sterling" box="[935,1281,1411,1435]" firstAuthor="Heckford" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="81 - 89" refId="ref14369" refString="Heckford, R. J., and P. H. Sterling. 2004. Anatrachyntis badia (Hodges, 1962) (Lepidoptera: Cosmopterigidae) an adventive species new to the British Isles, possibly the second record from Spain and a larval description. Entomologist's Gazette 55: 81 - 89." type="journal article" year="2004">Heckford and Sterling 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFAFFCEFAC2F186FDD9FA1F" author="White, W. H. & D. Adamski & J. Brown & T. E. Reagan & J. A. Villanueva-Jimenez & M. Mendez-Lopez & M. O. Way" journalOrPublisher="Southwestern Entomologist." pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="85 - 91" part="30" refId="ref18286" refString="White, W. H., D. Adamski, J. Brown, T. E. Reagan, J. A. Villanueva-Jimenez, M. Mendez-Lopez, and M. O. Way. 2005. Survey results for the sugarcane pest, Blastobasis graminea (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae), in Texas and Louisiana in 2002. Southwestern Entomologist. 30: 85 - 91." title="Survey results for the sugarcane pest, Blastobasis graminea (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae)" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Texas and Louisiana in 2002" year="2005">White et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFAFFCEFEC6F1A1FF24FA18" author="Adamski, D. & J. W. Brown & H. W. White" box="[266,515,1444,1468]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="341 - 346" part="108" refId="ref12318" refString="Adamski, D., J. W. Brown, and H. W. White. 2006. Description of the immature stages of Pyroderces badia (Hodges) (Lepidoptera: Cosmopterigidae), with a new host record from Louisiana. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 108: 341 - 346." title="Description of the immature stages of Pyroderces badia (Hodges) (Lepidoptera: Cosmopterigidae), with a new host record from Louisiana" type="journal article" year="2006">Adamski et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFAFFCEFDC3F1A1FE08FA18" author="Bella, S. & G. Mazzeo" box="[527,815,1444,1468]" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino di Zoologia agraria e di Bachicoltura, Milano" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="255 - 260" part="38" refId="ref12637" refString="Bella, S., and G. Mazzeo. 2006. First record of Anatrachyntis badia (Hodges, 1962) (Lepidoptera Cosmopterigidae) in Italy. Bollettino di Zoologia agraria e di Bachicoltura, Milano, Serie II 38: 255 - 260." title="First record of Anatrachyntis badia (Hodges, 1962) (Lepidoptera Cosmopterigidae) in Italy" type="journal article" year="2006">Bella and Mazzeo 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFAFFCEFCF7F1A1F9BFFA18" author="Navarro-Campos, C. & C. Marzal & A. Aguilar & F. Garcia Mari" box="[827,1176,1444,1468]" journalOrPublisher="Levante Agricola" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="270 - 276" part="49" refId="ref16314" refString="Navarro-Campos, C., C. Marzal, A. Aguilar, and F. Garcia Mari. 2010. Incidence and description of Anatrachyntis badia in citrus, and damage in fruits. Levante Agricola 49: 270 - 276." title="Incidence and description of Anatrachyntis badia in citrus, and damage in fruits" type="journal article" year="2010">Navarro-Campos et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFAFFCEFB68F1A1FC49FA79" author="Herbison-Evans and Crossley" firstAuthor="Herbison-Evans" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" refId="ref14495" refString="Herbison-Evans, D. and S. Crossley. 2014. Families of Moths in Australia. Available at http: // lepidoptera. butterflyhouse. com. au / cosm / cosmopterigidae. html. (Last accessed September 3, 2015)." type="url" year="2014">Herbison-Evans and Crossley 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
; Quesada-Jiménez 2013).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFAFFCEFD62F1C1FEAFFA78" box="[686,904,1476,1500]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Manilkara" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sapota">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFAFFCEFD62F1C1FEAFFA78" box="[686,904,1476,1500]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Manilkara sapota</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(L.) van Royen,
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFAFFCEFB9EF1C0F817FA79" bold="true" box="[1106,1328,1477,1501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">new host record</emphasis>
|
||||
and first record on
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFAFFCEFEF5F1E3FCE0FA5A" box="[313,455,1510,1534]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Sapotaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFAFFCEFF0CF212FEABF935" blockId="8.[192,1441,1558,1847]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFAFFCEFF0CF212FCBAF98A" bold="true" box="[192,413,1558,1583]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Natural history.</emphasis>
|
||||
The adults are polyphagous, and feed on many species, but almost all the resources that they consume are organic remains (dead flowers). Therefore, they are not a problem to most of their hosts, but sometimes they feed on some of the healthy flowers close to the dead ones. They were observed eating both healthy and dry flowers of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFAFFCEFCC0F27FFEA2F935" box="[780,901,1658,1681]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Manilkara" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zapota">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFAFFCEFCC0F27FFEA2F935" box="[780,901,1658,1681]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">M. zapota</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFAFFCEFF24F29FFEB7F892" blockId="8.[192,1441,1558,1847]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
|
||||
The adults are usually active at night or in the twilight in
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="2A3BF853FFFAFFCEFC51F29FFED1F916" box="[925,1014,1690,1714]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||||
during summer (June-September). The females lay eggs inside dry or healthy flowers. When
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFAFFCEFC58F2BEF935F977" box="[916,1042,1723,1747]" genus="The" pageId="8" pageNumber="15" rank="species" species="larvae">the larvae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
hatch, they start to feed on the organic remains inside the flower. The larval stage lasts about 18–21 days, but if the inserted larvae do not have enough resources, they may enter diapause. Pupation occurs inside the flower usually in a rolled sepal. The pupal stage has a duration of 23–29 days.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFAFFCEFF0CF34AFC61F82C" blockId="8.[192,1440,1871,1928]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFAFFCEFF0CF34AFC10F8C3" bold="true" box="[192,311,1871,1895]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Damage.</emphasis>
|
||||
The flowers infected by
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFAFFCEFD96F355FF98F8C3" baseAuthorityName="Hodges" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[602,703,1871,1895]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Pyroderces" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="badia">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFAFFCEFD96F355FF98F8C3" box="[602,703,1871,1895]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">P. badia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
do not show external damage but turn yellowish brown until desiccated.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFBFFCFFF0CF4DCFEBFFE90" blockId="9.[192,1441,217,308]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFF0CF4DCFC5EFF55" bold="true" box="[192,377,217,241]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Management.</emphasis>
|
||||
We observed an unidentified parasitoid (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFBFFCFFCB4F4DCF923FF55" box="[888,1028,217,241]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Braconidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) on
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFBFFCFFBF7F4DFF984FF55" baseAuthorityName="Hodges" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[1083,1187,217,241]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Pyroderces" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="badia">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFBF7F4DFF984FF55" box="[1083,1187,217,241]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">P. badia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The use of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFBFFCFFAF7F4DCFF30FEB7" authority="Berliner, 1915" authorityName="Berliner" authorityYear="1915" class="Insecta" family="Bacillidae" genus="Bacillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thuringiensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFAF7F4DCFC45FEB6" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Bacillus thuringiensis</emphasis>
|
||||
Berliner, 1915
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as a biological control agent has also been reported successfully (Quesada- Jiménez 2013). Chemical control has not been investigated.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
498
data/60/56/87/605687A7FFFBFFCCFF0CF5F5F9CFFD70.xml
Normal file
498
data/60/56/87/605687A7FFFBFFCCFF0CF5F5F9CFFD70.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,498 @@
|
|||
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<mods:mods id="4896A713F01BC21D54034E080A7CDB6D" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="3888160532B76094CF9D149FBD065B75">
|
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<mods:title id="87175338F2D9FAB9D2DB833AC800A3F2">Lepidoptera pests of sapodilla (Manilkara zapota (L.) van Royen) in south Florida, with some comments on life history and natural control</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
|
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<mods:name id="34D70A83378EBFD8A4556291D52E6312" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="2B283E01779E5B0B313ECE4AA4A0517F">
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<mods:namePart id="898362A8E1C7976EFF422C53A6CD0154">Martinez, Jose I.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="D6FDEB547E3465B5A5CC98E9A0C50847">Crane, Jonathan H.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
|
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<mods:name id="D78C7F2D1B6005BF25D52CF9E79C4F2D" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="A6CC9779EA1237CDE18C3EF42F9A67A5">Wasielewski, Jeff</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="9A5D9FE8C49C701598595A4624171BFD">Miller, Jacqueline Y.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="DBEC96606211D73A9A1ABB115F7F36E4">Carrillo, Daniel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="DA2C08F36870736A2D0DFD6941E3B74C">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="8B0A37338318EB77F46CCD1EB069BF04">
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<mods:date id="DC0BFB25009AEEE66F367C9A6A322F03">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="20F77E6B512DE08A8713A9C74D7DF2D0">2019-12-03</mods:number>
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|
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<mods:number id="8267B31C6D5D427722B98B20AB0107A3">739</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="B7BFF7DF5C6732C5EC9A02BF54BD6C81" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="CEF04BA54FF2A960B3F9BE867F0D100D">739</mods:number>
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<treatment id="605687A7FFFBFFCCFF0CF5F5F9CFFD70" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3681457" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162233507" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3681457" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:605687A7FFFBFFCCFF0CF5F5F9CFFD70" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/605687A7FFFBFFCCFF0CF5F5F9CFFD70" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
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<subSubSection id="A0E5653AFFFBFFCFFF0CF5F5FFBFFDAC" box="[192,664,496,520]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFBFFCFFF0CF5F5FFBFFDAC" blockId="9.[192,664,496,520]" box="[192,664,496,520]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
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<heading id="B30881DDFFFBFFCFFF0CF5F5FFBFFDAC" bold="true" box="[192,664,496,520]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" reason="3">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFBFFCFFF0CF5F5FFBFFDAC" ID-CoL="4G4H6" authority="Ragonot, 1888" authorityName="Ragonot" authorityYear="1888" box="[192,664,496,520]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Phidotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erigens">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFF0CF5F5FFBFFDAC" bold="true" box="[192,664,496,520]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFF0CF5F5FCF6FDAC" bold="true" box="[192,465,496,520]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Phidotricha erigens</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFBFFCFFE14F5F5FFBFFDAC" author="Ragonot, E. L." box="[472,664,496,520]" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe entomologique de France" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="8" part="6" refId="ref16923" refString="Ragonot, E. L. 1888. Les diagnoses de cinq especes nouvelles de microlepidopteres de Porto-Rico. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France 6 (8): cxxxviii-cxl." title="Les diagnoses de cinq especes nouvelles de microlepidopteres de Porto-Rico" type="journal article" year="1888">Ragonot, 1888</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A0E5653AFFFBFFCFFF0CF625FF4DFDF0" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFBFFCFFF0CF625FF56FD92" blockId="9.[192,625,544,596]" box="[192,625,544,566]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="C8EF119FFFFBFFCFFF0CF625FF56FD92" box="[192,625,544,566]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFBFFCFFF0CF625FF56FD92" authority="Lederer, 1863" authorityName="Lederer" authorityYear="1863" box="[192,625,544,566]" class="Insecta" genus="Hemimatia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atramentalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFF0CF625FCF6FD91" box="[192,465,544,565]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Hemimatia atramentalis</emphasis>
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="695E10A0FFFBFFCFFE14F625FF56FD92" author="Lederer" box="[472,625,544,566]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" year="1863">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFBFFCFFE14F625FF56FD92" author="Lederer" box="[472,625,544,566]" firstAuthor="Lederer" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="331 - 378" refId="ref15282" refString="Lederer, J. 1863. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Pyralidinen. Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift 7: 331 - 378." type="journal article" year="1863">Lederer, 1863</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFBFFCFFF0CF63AFF4DFDF0" blockId="9.[192,625,544,596]" box="[192,618,574,596]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="C8EF119FFFFBFFCFFF0CF63AFF4DFDF0" box="[192,618,574,596]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFBFFCFFF0CF63AFF4DFDF0" authority="Hampson, 1896" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1896" box="[192,618,574,596]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Pococera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atramentalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFF0CF63AFC91FDF7" box="[192,438,574,596]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Pococera atramentalis</emphasis>
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="695E10A0FFFBFFCFFE71F63AFF4DFDF0" author="Hampson" box="[445,618,574,596]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" year="1896">Hampson, 1896</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A0E5653AFFFBFFCFFF24F66AF81AFD22" box="[232,1341,622,647]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFBFFCFFF24F66AF81AFD22" blockId="9.[232,1341,622,647]" box="[232,1341,622,647]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFBFFCFFF24F66AFC86FD22" author="Ragonot, E. L." box="[232,417,622,647]" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe entomologique de France" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="8" part="6" refId="ref16923" refString="Ragonot, E. L. 1888. Les diagnoses de cinq especes nouvelles de microlepidopteres de Porto-Rico. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France 6 (8): cxxxviii-cxl." title="Les diagnoses de cinq especes nouvelles de microlepidopteres de Porto-Rico" type="journal article" year="1888">Ragonot (1888)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
described
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFBFFCFFDE8F66BFE35FD21" box="[548,786,622,646]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Phidotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erigens">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFDE8F66BFE35FD21" box="[548,786,622,646]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Phidotricha erigens</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
based in his own specimens of in the MNHP.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A0E5653AFFFBFFCFFF0CF69AF94EFB2F" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFBFFCFFF0CF69AF94EFB2F" blockId="9.[192,1440,671,1163]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFF0CF69AFC8DFD13" bold="true" box="[192,426,671,695]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Description. Egg.</emphasis>
|
||||
Yellow with black spots in newly laid eggs and pale-yellow before they hatch.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFA8BF69AF887FD13" bold="true" box="[1351,1440,671,695]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Larva.</emphasis>
|
||||
Five instars; first to third instar reddish-orange with a long yellowish-white line dorsally; fourth instar reddish-brown with the same yellowish-white line; the fifth instar is dark-brown with yellowish-orange line. Length
|
||||
<quantity id="2F079B54FFFBFFCFFE93F701FCC8FCBF" box="[351,495,772,796]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="4.2" valueMin="3.8">3.8–4.2 mm</quantity>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="70C42A34FFFBFFCFFDCDF706FF7CFCB8" box="[513,603,771,796]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="25.[192,275,1819,1841]" captionTargetBox="[377,1254,213,1785]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[377,1254,213,1785]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 1. Larvae of Lepidoptera pests of sapodilla. A) Dichrorampha sapodilla Heppner. B) Comotia torsicornis Dyar. C) Holcocera crassicornella Dietz. D) Zamagiria laidion (Zeller). E) Electrostrymon angelia (Hewitson). F) Phidotricha erigens Ragonot. G) Banisia myrsusalis Walker. H) Banisia argutula Whalley. I) Pyroderces badia (Hodges). J) Erinnyis ello (Linnaeus)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3676601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3676601/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFDBFF706FFDDFCBF" bold="true" box="[627,762,771,795]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Pre-pupa.</emphasis>
|
||||
Yellowish-orange with a yellowish-white line dorsally. Length as in the last instar, but wider on thoracic segments.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFC68F720FED3FC99" bold="true" box="[932,1012,805,829]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Pupa.</emphasis>
|
||||
Elongated dark-brown and similar in size to last larval instar.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFDE9F743FF5EFCFA" bold="true" box="[549,633,838,862]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Adult.</emphasis>
|
||||
Sexually dimorphic, female larger and darker than male.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFAACF742FC38FCDB" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Wing expanse</emphasis>
|
||||
: males
|
||||
<quantity id="2F079B54FFFBFFCFFEB3F76DFF07FCDB" box="[383,544,872,896]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.15" metricValueMax="10.4" metricValueMin="7.9" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="9.15" valueMax="10.4" valueMin="7.9">7.9–10.4 mm</quantity>
|
||||
, females
|
||||
<quantity id="2F079B54FFFBFFCFFD58F76DFE11FCDB" box="[660,822,872,896]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.18" metricValueMax="1.44" metricValueMin="0.9199999999999999" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="11.8" valueMax="14.4" valueMin="9.2">9.2–14.4 mm</quantity>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFC8EF762FEBBFCDB" bold="true" box="[834,924,871,895]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Wings.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFC69F762F97AFCDB" box="[933,1117,871,895]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Dorsal surface:</emphasis>
|
||||
Forewings pale-gray with black fine scattered scales; postdiscal purplish-brown band; purplish-brown band throughout basal and postbasal area; distinctive transverse lines (first one white, almost straight; second one purplish-gray with a strong angle) on discal and postdiscal area; outer margin gray with a wide broken line between veins; discal black spot; fringe gray. Hindwings pale-gray; dark-gray on outer margin; fringe pale-gray.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFF0CF00BFC5FFB82" box="[192,376,1038,1062]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Ventral surface</emphasis>
|
||||
: Forewings dark brownish-gray. Hindwings pale brownish-gray with outer margin darkgray.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFEC9F035FC72FBEC" bold="true" box="[261,341,1072,1096]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Head.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFE97F035FCE9FBE3" box="[347,462,1072,1095]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Antennae</emphasis>
|
||||
: Male plumose and female filiform, size ¾ body length.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFBBFF035F9E7FBE3" box="[1139,1216,1072,1095]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Vertex</emphasis>
|
||||
: Mottled gray and dark-gray.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFE89F054FCFCFBCD" box="[325,475,1105,1129]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Mouthparts.</emphasis>
|
||||
Large palps with mottled gray and dark-gray color.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFB8AF054F9B3FBCD" bold="true" box="[1094,1172,1105,1129]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Body.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFB55F054F8BFFBCD" box="[1177,1432,1105,1129]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Thorax and abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: Gray above and pale-gray below.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFD9BF076FFA9FB2E" box="[599,654,1139,1162]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Legs</emphasis>
|
||||
: Mottled gray and dark-gray (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="70C42A34FFFBFFCFFBCEF077F97BFB2F" box="[1026,1116,1138,1163]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="26.[192,275,1790,1812]" captionTargetBox="[379,1254,213,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[379,1254,213,1756]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 2. Adults of Lepidoptera pests of sapodilla. The unlabeled images in the top half of the figure are to scale, whereas the labeled images in the bottom half of the figure have been resized. A) Dichrorampha sapodilla Heppner. B) Comotia torsicornis Dyar. C) Holcocera crassicornella Dietz. D) Zamagiria laidion (Zeller). E) Pyroderces badia (Hodges). F) Phidotricha erigens Ragonot. G) Banisia myrsusalis Walker. H) Banisia argutula Whalley. I) Electrostrymon angelia (Hewitson). J) Erinnyis ello (Linnaeus)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3676603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3676603/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A0E5653AFFFBFFCFFF0CF0A6FC90FAE5" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFBFFCFFF0CF0A6FC90FAE5" blockId="9.[192,1440,1187,1345]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFF0CF0A6FC54FB1F" bold="true" box="[192,371,1187,1211]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFBFFCFFEB5F0A6FF40FB1F" box="[377,615,1187,1211]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Phidotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erigens">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFEB5F0A6FF40FB1F" box="[377,615,1187,1211]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Phidotricha erigens</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is native to the Neotropical Region and has been recorded in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFFBFFCFFA82F0A1F8BBFB18" box="[1358,1436,1188,1212]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFFBFFCFFF0CF0C0FC10FB79" box="[192,311,1221,1245]" name="Colombia" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFFBFFCFFE8EF0C0FCA1FB79" box="[322,390,1221,1245]" name="Cuba" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFFBFFCFFE5EF0C0FCDCFB79" box="[402,507,1221,1245]" name="Ecuador" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFFBFFCFFDCBF0C0FFA3FB79" box="[519,644,1221,1245]" name="Honduras" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Honduras</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFFBFFCFFD5CF0C0FFCEFB79" box="[656,745,1221,1245]" name="Mexico" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFFBFFCFFD38F0C3FE15FB79" box="[756,818,1222,1245]" name="Peru" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFFBFFCFFCF2F0C3FEF7FB79" box="[830,976,1221,1245]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFFBFFCFFC10F0C0F9F8FB79" box="[988,1247,1221,1245]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Trinidad and Tobago</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFFBFFCFFAEDF0C0F887FB79" box="[1313,1440,1221,1245]" name="Venezuela" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFBFFCFFF04F0E2FC55FB5B" author="Ragonot, E. L." box="[200,370,1255,1279]" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe entomologique de France" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="8" part="6" refId="ref16923" refString="Ragonot, E. L. 1888. Les diagnoses de cinq especes nouvelles de microlepidopteres de Porto-Rico. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France 6 (8): cxxxviii-cxl." title="Les diagnoses de cinq especes nouvelles de microlepidopteres de Porto-Rico" type="journal article" year="1888">Ragonot 1888</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFBFFCFFEB1F0E2FFBDFB5B" author="Kaye and Lamont" box="[381,666,1255,1279]" firstAuthor="Kaye" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="124 - 125" refId="ref15123" refString="Kaye, W. J., and W. Lamont. 1927. A catalogue of the Trinidad Lepidoptera: Heterocera. Memoirs of the Department of Agriculture 3: 124 - 125." type="journal article" year="1927">Kaye and Lamont 1927</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFBFFCFFD69F0E2FEEAFB5A" author="Palmer, W. A. & K. R. Pullen" box="[677,973,1254,1279]" journalOrPublisher="Biological Control" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="54 - 72" part="5" refId="ref16580" refString="Palmer, W. A., and K. R. Pullen. 1995. The phytophagous arthropods associated with Lantana camara, L. hirsuta, L. urticifolia, and L. urticoides (Verbenaceae) in North America. Biological Control 5: 54 - 72." title="The phytophagous arthropods associated with Lantana camara, L. hirsuta, L. urticifolia, and L. urticoides (Verbenaceae) in North America" type="journal article" year="1995">Palmer and Pullen 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFBFFCFFC14F0E6F874FB5B" accessDate="invalid" author="Roque-Albelo, L. & B. Landry" box="[984,1363,1251,1279]" editor="F. Bungartz & H. Herrera & P. Jaramillo & N. Tirado & G. Jimenez-Uzcategui & D. Ruiz & A. Guezou & F. Ziemmeck" journalOrPublisher="Charles Darwin Foundation / Fundacion Charles Darwin, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" publicationUrl="http://checklists.datazone.darwinfoundation.org/terrestrial-invertebrates/lepidoptera/" refId="ref17218" refString="Roque-Albelo, L., and B. Landry. 2012. CDF Checklist of Galapagos Butterflies and Moths - FCD Lista de especies de Mariposas y polillas de Galapagos. In: F. Bungartz, H. Herrera, P. Jaramillo, N. Tirado, G. Jimenez-Uzcategui, D. Ruiz, A. Guezou, and F. Ziemmeck. (eds.). Charles Darwin Foundation Galapagos Species Checklist - Lista de Especies de Galapagos de la Fundacion Charles Darwin. Charles Darwin Foundation / Fundacion Charles Darwin, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos. Available at http: // checklists. datazone. darwinfoundation. org / terrestrial-invertebrates / lepidoptera /. (Last accessed December 3, 2015.)" title="CDF Checklist of Galapagos Butterflies and Moths - FCD Lista de especies de Mariposas y polillas de Galapagos" type="url" volumeTitle="Charles Darwin Foundation Galapagos Species Checklist - Lista de Especies de Galapagos de la Fundacion Charles Darwin" year="2012">Roque-Álbelo and Landry 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFBFFCFFA91F0E2FC60FA84" author="Diniz" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Diniz" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" refId="ref13882" refString="Diniz, I. R., H. C. Morais, and J. D. Hay. 2009. Caterpillars and host plants of a tropical savanna (cerrado) in central Brazil. Available at http: // www. caterpillars. org. (Last accessed April 10, 2015.)" type="url" year="2009">Diniz et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
; Velázquez, et al. 2010;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFBFFCFFDBBF10DFE74FA84" author="Miller, J. Y. & D. L. Matthews & A. D. Warren & M. A. Solis & D. J. Harvey & P. Gentili-Poole & R. Lehman & T. C. Emmel & C. V. Covell, Jr." box="[631,851,1288,1312]" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Mundi 0205" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref15798" refString="Miller, J. Y., D. L. Matthews, A. D. Warren, M. A. Solis, D. J. Harvey, P. Gentili-Poole, R. Lehman, T. C. Emmel, and C. V. Covell, Jr. 2012. An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Honduras. Insecta Mundi 0205: 1 - 72." title="An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Honduras" type="book chapter" year="2012">Miller et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). It was also reported as an invasive species in Florida (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFBFFCFFEE5F12CFC8CFAE5" author="Solis, M. A." box="[297,427,1321,1345]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="645 - 686" part="101" refId="ref17795" refString="Solis, M. A. 1999. Key to selected Pyraloidea (Lepidoptera) larvae intercepted at U. S. ports of entry: revision of Pyraloidea in " Keys to some frequently intercepted Lepidopterous larvae " by Weisman 1986. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 101: 645 - 686." title="Key to selected Pyraloidea (Lepidoptera) larvae intercepted at U. S. ports of entry: revision of Pyraloidea in " Keys to some frequently intercepted Lepidopterous larvae " by Weisman 1986" type="journal article" year="1999">Solis 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A0E5653AFFFBFFCCFF0CF15EF9CFFD70" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFBFFCFFF0CF15EF9ADF82C" blockId="9.[192,1440,1370,1929]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFF0CF15EFC32FAD7" bold="true" box="[192,277,1371,1395]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Hosts.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFBFFCFFEECF15EFFB3FAD7" authority="Trel" authorityName="Trel" box="[288,660,1371,1395]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Agave" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cocui">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFEECF15EFC94FAD6" box="[288,435,1371,1394]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Agave cocui</emphasis>
|
||||
Trel (Agavaceae)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFBFFCFFD68F15FFE5BFAD6" box="[676,892,1370,1394]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Mangifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFD68F15FFE5BFAD6" box="[676,892,1370,1394]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Mangifera indica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L. (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFBFFCFFC78F15EF94AFAD7" box="[948,1133,1371,1395]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Anacardiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
);
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFBFFCFFB48F15EFF76FA30" authority="(Bert.) O. Ktze." authorityName="O. Ktze." baseAuthorityName="Bert." class="Pinopsida" family="Araucariaceae" genus="Araucaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustifolia">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFB48F15EF887FAD6" box="[1156,1440,1370,1394]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Araucaria angustifolia</emphasis>
|
||||
(Bert.) O. Ktze. (Araucariaceae)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFBFFCFFDACF179FE1CFA30" box="[608,827,1404,1428]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Mauritia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="flexuosa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFDACF179FE1CFA30" box="[608,827,1404,1428]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Mauritia flexuosa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L. (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFBFFCFFCBEF179FED5FA30" box="[882,1010,1404,1428]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Arecaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
);
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFBFFCFFBC5F179FC27FA11" authority="Engl." authorityName="Engl." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Protium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ovatum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFBC5F179F9F3FA37" box="[1033,1236,1404,1427]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Protium ovatum</emphasis>
|
||||
Engl. (Burseraceae)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFBFFCFFEC2F19BFF2CFA11" box="[270,523,1438,1461]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Calophyllaceae" genus="Mammea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="americana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFEC2F19BFF2CFA11" box="[270,523,1438,1461]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Mammea americana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L. (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFBFFCFFDF2F198FFDBFA11" authorityName="J.Agardh" authorityYear="1858" box="[574,764,1437,1461]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Calophyllaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Calophyllaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
);
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFBFFCFFCDDF198F811FA11" authority="Camb." authorityName="Camb." box="[785,1334,1437,1461]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryocaraceae" genus="Caryocar" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brasiliense">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFCDDF198F92BFA11" box="[785,1036,1437,1461]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Caryocar brasiliense</emphasis>
|
||||
Camb. (Caryocaraceae)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFBFFCFFA8FF198FE00FA73" authority="(Mart. ex Schult.) G. Don." authorityName="G. Don." baseAuthorityName="Schult." class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Salacia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="crassifolia">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFA8FF198FC1AFA72" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Salacia crassifolia</emphasis>
|
||||
(Mart. ex Schult.) G.Don. (Celastraceae)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFBFFCFFCFDF1BAF9E9FA73" authority="(Thunb.) Cogn." authorityName="Cogn." baseAuthorityName="Thunb." box="[817,1230,1470,1495]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Benincasa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hispida">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFCFDF1BAF937FA72" box="[817,1040,1470,1494]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Benincasa hispida</emphasis>
|
||||
(Thunb.) Cogn.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFBFFCFFB14F1BAF8A6FA72" box="[1240,1409,1470,1494]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Cucumis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melo">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFB14F1BAF8A6FA72" box="[1240,1409,1470,1494]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Cucumis melo</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L. (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFBFFCFFF04F1E5FC5BFA5C" box="[200,380,1504,1528]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cucurbitaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
);
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFBFFCFFE5CF1E5FFDBFA5C" authority="A. St." authorityName="A. St." box="[400,764,1504,1528]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Erythroxylaceae" genus="Erythroxylum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="deciduum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFE5CF1E5FF9EFA5C" box="[400,697,1504,1528]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Erythroxylum deciduum</emphasis>
|
||||
A.St.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
-Hil. (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFBFFCFFC8EF1E5F928FA5C" box="[834,1039,1504,1528]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Erythroxylaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Erythroxylaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
);
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFBFFCFFBEFF1E5F8BCFA5C" authority="(Jacq.) F. Muell." authorityName="F. Muell." baseAuthorityName="Jacq." box="[1059,1435,1504,1528]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Albizia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="saman">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFBEFF1E5F9F4FA53" box="[1059,1235,1504,1528]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Albizia saman</emphasis>
|
||||
(Jacq.) F.Muell.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFBFFCFFF0CF204FF02F9BD" authority="Benth." authorityName="Benth." box="[192,549,1537,1561]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dimorphandra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mollis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFF0CF204FCEEF9BD" box="[192,457,1537,1561]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Dimorphandra mollis</emphasis>
|
||||
Benth.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFBFFCFFDFCF207FE26F9BD" box="[560,769,1538,1561]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Mimosa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="asperata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFDFCF207FE26F9BD" box="[560,769,1538,1561]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Mimosa asperata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L.,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFBFFCFFCE2F207F905F9BD" authority="Benth" authorityName="Benth" box="[814,1058,1537,1561]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Mimosa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="claussenii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFCE2F207FEE9F9BD" box="[814,974,1537,1561]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">M. claussenii</emphasis>
|
||||
Benth
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFBFFCFFBE1F207F9B3F9BD" box="[1069,1172,1538,1561]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Mimosa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pigra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFBE1F207F9B3F9BD" box="[1069,1172,1538,1561]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">M. pigra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L.,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFBFFCFFB0DF204F887F9BD" box="[1217,1440,1537,1561]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Phaseolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lunatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFB0DF204F887F9BD" box="[1217,1440,1537,1561]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Phaseolus lunatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L.,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFBFFCFFF24F227FF0BF99F" authority="Benth" authorityName="Benth" box="[232,556,1570,1595]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pterodon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFF24F227FCF1F99E" box="[232,470,1570,1594]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Pterodon pubescens</emphasis>
|
||||
Benth
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFBFFCFFDF4F227FE02F99E" box="[568,805,1570,1594]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Tamarindus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFDF4F227FE02F99E" box="[568,805,1570,1594]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Tamarindus indica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L.,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFBFFCFFC99F226F91DF99E" box="[853,1082,1570,1594]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Vigna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="unguiculata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFC99F226F91DF99E" box="[853,1082,1570,1594]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Vigna unguiculata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(L.) Walp. (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFBFFCFFB07F226F865F99F" box="[1227,1346,1571,1595]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
);
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFBFFCFFA9AF227FF99F9F8" authority="Vahl." authorityName="Vahl." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Clerodendrum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="squamatum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFA9AF227FCEAF9F8" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Clerodendrum squamatum</emphasis>
|
||||
Vahl. (Lamiaceae)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFBFFCFFD02F241FEF5F9F8" box="[718,978,1604,1628]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Gossypium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirsutum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFD02F241FEF5F9F8" box="[718,978,1604,1628]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Gossypium hirsutum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L. (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFBFFCFFBC5F241F9B7F9F8" box="[1033,1168,1604,1628]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFBFFCFFB64F241F85BF9F8" box="[1192,1404,1604,1628]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Averrhoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bilimbi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFB64F241F85BF9F8" box="[1192,1404,1604,1628]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Averrhoa bilimbi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L. (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFBFFCFFF04F260FC46F9D9" box="[200,353,1637,1661]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Oxalidaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
);
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFBFFCFFEB9F260FE69F9D9" authority="Sims" authorityName="Sims" authorityYear="1818" box="[373,846,1637,1661]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="edulis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFEB9F260FF67F9D9" box="[373,576,1637,1661]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Passiflora edulis</emphasis>
|
||||
Sims (Passifloraceae)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFBFFCFFC96F263F909F9D9" box="[858,1070,1637,1661]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phytolaccaceae" genus="Petiveria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alliacea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFC96F263F909F9D9" box="[858,1070,1637,1661]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Petiveria alliacea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L. (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFBFFCFFB91F260F83BF9D9" box="[1117,1308,1637,1661]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phytolaccaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Phytolaccaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
);
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFBFFCFFAE3F260FC35F93B" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Sorghum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFAE3F260FC35F93B" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Sorghum bicolor</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(L.) Moench,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFBFFCFFE73F282FF13F93A" box="[447,564,1671,1694]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Zea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mays">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFE73F282FF13F93A" box="[447,564,1671,1694]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Zea mays</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L. (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFBFFCFFDABF282FFE9F93B" box="[615,718,1671,1695]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
);
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFBFFCFFD2FF282F990F93B" authority="Lindl." authorityName="Lindl." box="[739,1207,1671,1695]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Eriobotrya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFD2FF282FEF0F93A" box="[739,983,1671,1695]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Eriobotrya japonica</emphasis>
|
||||
Lindl. (Rosaceae)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFBFFCFFB08F282F850F93B" box="[1220,1399,1671,1695]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Coffea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arabica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFB08F282F850F93B" box="[1220,1399,1671,1695]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Coffea arabica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L.,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFBFFCFFF0CF2ADFFACF964" authority="Kunth" authorityName="Kunth" authorityYear="1819" box="[192,651,1704,1728]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Palicourea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rigida">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFF0CF2ADFCB0F964" box="[192,407,1704,1728]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Palicourea rigida</emphasis>
|
||||
Kunth (Rubiaceae)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFBFFCFFD54F2ADFFC2F91B" box="[664,741,1704,1727]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Citrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFD54F2ADFFC2F91B" box="[664,741,1704,1727]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Citrus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
spp. (L.) (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFBFFCFFCAAF2ADFEFCF964" box="[870,987,1704,1728]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rutaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
);
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFBFFCFFC3DF2ACF9E7F964" box="[1009,1216,1705,1728]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Lantana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="camara">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFC3DF2ACF9E7F964" box="[1009,1216,1705,1728]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Lantana camara</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L. (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFBFFCFFB3FF2ADF8B3F964" box="[1267,1428,1704,1728]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Verbenaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
);
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFBFFCFFF0CF2CCFCDBF945" authority="Mart." authorityName="Mart." box="[192,508,1737,1761]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vochysiaceae" genus="Qualea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFF0CF2CCFC8BF945" box="[192,428,1737,1761]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Qualea grandiflora</emphasis>
|
||||
Mart.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFBFFCFFDC6F2CFFFDFF945" authority="Mart." authorityName="Mart." box="[522,760,1737,1761]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vochysiaceae" genus="Qualea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parviflora">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFDC6F2CFFF80F945" box="[522,679,1737,1761]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Q. parviflora</emphasis>
|
||||
Mart.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFBFFCFFCC9F2CCF9DFF946" authority="Pohl" authorityName="Pohl" authorityYear="1831" box="[773,1272,1737,1762]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vochysiaceae" genus="Vochysia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thyrsoidea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFCC9F2CCFEDCF945" box="[773,1019,1737,1761]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Vochysia thyrsoidea</emphasis>
|
||||
Pohl (Vochysiaceae)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFBFFCFFAF4F2CCFF77F8A7" authority="Roscoe" authorityName="Roscoe" authorityYear="1807" class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Zingiber" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="officinale">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFAF4F2CCFC08F8A7" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Zingiber officinale</emphasis>
|
||||
Roscoe (Zingiberaceae)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFBFFCFFDADF2EEFE27F8A7" author="Achten, W." bookContentInfo="136 p." box="[609,768,1771,1795]" journalOrPublisher="Doctoral dissertation; Freiburg University" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" refId="ref12238" refString="Achten, W. 1995. Untersuchungen zur Okologie und Schadwirkung der Kleinschmetterlinge an der Araukarie (Araucaria Angustifolia (Bert.) O. Ktze.) in Sudbrasilien. Doctoral dissertation; Freiburg University. 136 p." title="Untersuchungen zur Okologie und Schadwirkung der Kleinschmetterlinge an der Araukarie (Araucaria Angustifolia (Bert.) O. Ktze.) in Sudbrasilien" type="book" year="1995">Achten 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFBFFCFFCC2F2EEF919F8A7" author="Palmer, W. A. & K. R. Pullen" box="[782,1086,1771,1795]" journalOrPublisher="Biological Control" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="54 - 72" part="5" refId="ref16580" refString="Palmer, W. A., and K. R. Pullen. 1995. The phytophagous arthropods associated with Lantana camara, L. hirsuta, L. urticifolia, and L. urticoides (Verbenaceae) in North America. Biological Control 5: 54 - 72." title="The phytophagous arthropods associated with Lantana camara, L. hirsuta, L. urticifolia, and L. urticoides (Verbenaceae) in North America" type="journal article" year="1995">Palmer and Pullen 1995</bibRefCitation>
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||||
;
|
||||
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||||
,
|
||||
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||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFBFFCFFAEAF2EEFC7DF880" author="Diniz and Morais" firstAuthor="Diniz" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="115 - 119" refId="ref13842" refString="Diniz, I. R., and H. C. Morais. 2002. Local pattern of host plant utilization by lepidopteran larvae in the cerrado vegetation. Boletin de Entomologia Venezolana 17: 115 - 119." type="journal article" year="2002">Diniz and Morais 2002</bibRefCitation>
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||||
;
|
||||
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||||
;
|
||||
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;
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;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFBFFCFFD93F32BFE0CF8E2" author="Diniz" box="[607,811,1838,1862]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Diniz" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" refId="ref13882" refString="Diniz, I. R., H. C. Morais, and J. D. Hay. 2009. Caterpillars and host plants of a tropical savanna (cerrado) in central Brazil. Available at http: // www. caterpillars. org. (Last accessed April 10, 2015.)" type="url" year="2009">Diniz et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFBFFCFFCFAF32BF901F8E2" author="Ferreira" box="[822,1062,1838,1862]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Ferreira" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="14 - 31" refId="ref14164" refString="Ferreira, G. A., V. R. S. Veloso, R. V. Naves, J. L. Nascimento, and L. J. Chaves. 2009. Biodiversidade de insetos em Pequizeiro (Caryocar brasiliense, Camb.) no cerrado do Estado de Goias, Brasil. Agrociencia 13: 14 - 31." type="journal article" year="2009">Ferreira et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
; Velázquez, et al. 2010;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFBFFCFFA87F32BFC60F8C3" author="Bolzan, A. & V. Sturza & S. T. B. Dequech" journalOrPublisher="Brazilian Journal of Biology" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="969" part="72" refId="ref12835" refString="Bolzan, A., V. Sturza, and S. T. B. Dequech. 2012. Occurrence of Phidotricha erigens Ragonot, 1889 (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in corn in Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology 72: 969." title="Occurrence of Phidotricha erigens Ragonot, 1889 (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in corn in Brazil" type="journal article" year="2012">Bolzan et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFBFFCFFE99F34AFF4DF8C3" author="Cock and Burris" box="[341,618,1871,1895]" firstAuthor="Cock" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 21" refId="ref13338" refString="Cock, M. J. W., and D. H. Burris. 2013. Neotropical palm-inflorescence feeding moths (Lepidoptera: Batrachedridae, Blastobasidae, Cosmopterigidae, Gelechiidae, Pyralidae, Tineidae): a review of the literature and new records from Trinidad, West Indies. Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera 46: 1 - 21." type="journal article" year="2013">Cock and Burris 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFBFFCFFDB4F34AFEEBF8C3" author="Paiva, P. E. B. & P. T. Yamamoto" box="[632,972,1871,1895]" journalOrPublisher="Citrus Research and Technology" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="11 - 17" part="35" refId="ref16538" refString="Paiva, P. E. B., and P. T. Yamamoto, 2014. Citrus caterpillars, with an emphasis on Helicoverpa armigera: a brief review. Citrus Research and Technology 35: 11 - 17." title="Citrus caterpillars, with an emphasis on Helicoverpa armigera: a brief review" type="journal article" year="2014">Paiva and Yamamoto 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). We also found
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFBFFCFFB51F34AF832F8C2" box="[1181,1301,1871,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Phidotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erigens">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFB51F34AF832F8C2" box="[1181,1301,1871,1894]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">P. erigens</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
feeding on
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFBFFCFFF0CF375FCBCF82C" box="[192,411,1904,1928]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Manilkara" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zapota">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFF0CF375FCBCF82C" box="[192,411,1904,1928]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Manilkara zapota</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(L.) van Royen, which is a
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFBFFCFFD2AF375FEE3F82C" bold="true" box="[742,964,1904,1928]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">new host record</emphasis>
|
||||
for this species.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFF8FFCCFF0CF4DCF908FE96" blockId="10.[192,1440,217,435]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF8FFCCFF0CF4DCFC87FF55" bold="true" box="[192,416,217,241]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Natural history.</emphasis>
|
||||
The adults can be observed during the rainy season (late May to late October in southern
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="2A3BF853FFF8FFCCFEF4F4FFFCB5FEB6" box="[312,402,250,274]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||||
) and during this time the population explodes. They can also be observed in early spring. They exhibit nocturnal habits but sometimes appear at twilight.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFF8FFCCFF24F53FFF00FE16" blockId="10.[192,1440,217,435]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">The females lay eggs inside the flower. When the larva hatches, it feeds on petals, sepals and the pistil. When it finishes, it begins to make silk tunnels towards other flowers to stick them together. The larval stage lasts 18–23 days. Pupation occurs inside the flower mainly in the unconsumed sepals. The pupal stage lasts 12–14 days.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFF8FFCCFF0CF5CFF886FD87" blockId="10.[192,1441,458,547]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF8FFCCFF0CF5CFFC10FE46" bold="true" box="[192,311,458,482]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Damage.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF8FFCCFE8DF5CFFF16FE46" box="[321,561,458,482]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Phidotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erigens">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF8FFCCFE8DF5CFFF16FE46" box="[321,561,458,482]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Phidotricha erigens</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is a well-known polyphagous species. It recently became a problem to sapodilla growers, mainly because of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF8FFCCFD44F5EEFE23FDA7" box="[648,772,491,515]" genus="The" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" rank="species" species="larvae">the larvae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
feeding in the flowers, which results in flower desicca- tion and death. When the population was large, we observed up to 6–
|
||||
<specimenCount id="FEF9FD38FFF8FFCCFBCEF60EF955FD87" box="[1026,1138,523,547]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" type="larva">12 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||||
in a single inflorescence.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFF8FFCCFF0CF63EF9CFFD70" blockId="10.[192,1440,571,724]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF8FFCCFF0CF63EFC5EFDF7" bold="true" box="[192,377,571,595]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Management.</emphasis>
|
||||
We found two parasitoids associated with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF8FFCCFCB6F63EFEC8FDF6" box="[890,1007,571,594]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Phidotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erigens">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF8FFCCFCB6F63EFEC8FDF6" box="[890,1007,571,594]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">P. erigens</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: a braconid wasp (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF8FFCCFB02F63EF802FDF6" box="[1230,1317,571,594]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Bracon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF8FFCCFB02F63EF802FDF6" box="[1230,1317,571,594]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Bracon</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp.) and a bethylid wasp (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF8FFCCFEB6F65EFE25FDD7" authority="(Ashmead))" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" box="[378,770,603,627]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Goniozus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floridanus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF8FFCCFEB6F65EFF48FDD7" box="[378,623,603,627]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Goniozus floridanus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Ashmead))
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
feeding on larvae. In
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFF8FFCCFBC5F65EF9ACFDD7" box="[1033,1163,603,627]" name="Venezuela" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, other parasitoids (e.g.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF8FFCCFF0CF67EFC10FD37" authorityName="Foerster" authorityYear="1862" box="[192,311,635,659]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF8FFCCFF0CF67EFC10FD37" box="[192,311,635,659]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Apanteles</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp.,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF8FFCCFEBDF67EFF20FD37" authorityName="Ratzeburg" authorityYear="1844" box="[369,519,635,659]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Copidosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF8FFCCFEBDF67EFF20FD37" box="[369,519,635,659]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Copidosoma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp.,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF8FFCCFD8DF67EFFEDFD37" authorityName="Cresson" authorityYear="1865" box="[577,714,635,659]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Eiphosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF8FFCCFD8DF67EFFEDFD37" box="[577,714,635,659]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Eiphosoma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp.,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF8FFCCFCC8F67EFEEEFD37" authorityName="Dalla Torre" authorityYear="1898" box="[772,969,635,659]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Hymenochaonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF8FFCCFCC8F67EFEEEFD37" box="[772,969,635,659]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Hymenochaonia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF8FFCCFBFDF67EF992FD37" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1832" box="[1073,1205,635,659]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Euplectrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF8FFCCFBFDF67EF992FD37" box="[1073,1205,635,659]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Euplectrus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp.) were observed parasitizing
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF8FFCCFE96F699FFCBFD10" authority="(Velazquez et al. 2010)" baseAuthorityName="Velazquez" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[346,748,667,692]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Phidotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erigens">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF8FFCCFE96F699FCE8FD17" box="[346,463,668,691]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">P. erigens</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF8FFCCFE12F69EFFC3FD10" author="Velazquez, J. & J. L., Garcia & Y. Romero & M. Medina" box="[478,740,667,692]" journalOrPublisher="Entomotropica" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" pagination="117 - 124" part="25" refId="ref18030" refString="Velazquez, J., J. L., Garcia, Y. Romero, and M. Medina. 2010. Phidotricha erigens Ragonot, 1888 (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), causando dano en Agave cocui Trelease, en el estado Falcon, Venezuela. Entomotropica 25: 117 - 124." title="Phidotricha erigens Ragonot, 1888 (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), causando dano en Agave cocui Trelease" type="journal article" volumeTitle="el estado Falcon, Venezuela" year="2010">Velázquez et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. We also observed a spider (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF8FFCCFBF1F69EF9E7FD17" box="[1085,1216,667,691]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Araneidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF8FFCCFB06F69EFC3EFD70" authority="(Koch))" baseAuthorityName="Koch" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Eriophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ravilla">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF8FFCCFB06F69EF887FD17" box="[1226,1440,667,691]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Eriophora ravilla</emphasis>
|
||||
(Koch))
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
feeding on adults. The use of insecticides has not been thoroughly investigated.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
396
data/60/56/87/605687A7FFFCFFC9FF0CF60AFF92FD9E.xml
Normal file
396
data/60/56/87/605687A7FFFCFFC9FF0CF60AFF92FD9E.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,396 @@
|
|||
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<mods:title id="25D5BCAD6DACF3235A939A8BAB67E31E">Lepidoptera pests of sapodilla (Manilkara zapota (L.) van Royen) in south Florida, with some comments on life history and natural control</mods:title>
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<mods:identifier id="22DB46FDF2304745A01F1F7A80FB8BED" type="Zenodo-Dep">3676599</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="CBC74A5A0ADFE8547E1E9F81F6E84369" type="ZooBank">9C545611-FC84-414F-A162-74E4CCE63A00</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="605687A7FFFCFFC9FF0CF60AFF92FD9E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3681459" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162233501" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3681459" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:605687A7FFFCFFC9FF0CF60AFF92FD9E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/605687A7FFFCFFC9FF0CF60AFF92FD9E" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A0E5653AFFFCFFC8FF0CF60AFFB6FD82" box="[192,657,526,551]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFCFFC8FF0CF60AFFB6FD82" blockId="14.[192,657,526,551]" box="[192,657,526,551]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<heading id="B30881DDFFFCFFC8FF0CF60AFFB6FD82" bold="true" box="[192,657,526,551]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" reason="3">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFCFFC8FF0CF60AFFB6FD82" ID-CoL="KKFZ" authority="(Walker, 1889)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[192,657,526,551]" class="Insecta" family="Thyrididae" genus="Banisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="myrsusalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFCFFC8FF0CF60AFFB6FD82" bold="true" box="[192,657,526,551]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFCFFC8FF0CF60AFCE1FD82" bold="true" box="[192,454,526,551]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Banisia myrsusalis</emphasis>
|
||||
(Walker, 1889)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A0E5653AFFFCFFC8FF0CF63BFF7CFC85" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFCFFC8FF0CF63BFF00FDF0" blockId="14.[192,808,574,802]" box="[192,551,574,596]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="C8EF119FFFFCFFC8FF0CF63BFF00FDF0" box="[192,551,574,596]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFCFFC8FF0CF63BFF00FDF0" authority="Walker, 1859" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1859" box="[192,551,574,596]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Pyralis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="myrsusalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFCFFC8FF0CF63BFCA9FDF7" box="[192,398,574,595]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Pyralis myrsusalis</emphasis>
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="695E10A0FFFCFFC8FE59F63BFF00FDF0" author="Walker" box="[405,551,574,596]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" year="1859">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFCFFC8FE59F63BFF00FDF0" author="Walker, F." box="[405,551,574,596]" journalOrPublisher="List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Heterocera" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" refId="ref18162" refString="Walker, F. 1859. Pyralides. List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Heterocera Series 4: 892." title="Pyralides" type="book" year="1859">Walker, 1859</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFCFFC8FF0CF65EFF24FDD5" blockId="14.[192,808,574,802]" box="[192,515,603,625]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="C8EF119FFFFCFFC8FF0CF65EFF24FDD5" box="[192,515,603,625]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFCFFC8FF0CF65EFF24FDD5" authority="Walker, 1859" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1859" box="[192,515,603,625]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Pyralis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elaralis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFCFFC8FF0CF65EFC4EFDD4" box="[192,361,603,624]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Pyralis elaralis</emphasis>
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="695E10A0FFFCFFC8FEBCF65EFF24FDD5" author="Walker" box="[368,515,603,625]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" year="1859">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFCFFC8FEBCF65EFF24FDD5" author="Walker, F." box="[368,515,603,625]" journalOrPublisher="List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Heterocera" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" refId="ref18162" refString="Walker, F. 1859. Pyralides. List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Heterocera Series 4: 892." title="Pyralides" type="book" year="1859">Walker, 1859</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFCFFC8FF0CF67CFE0FFD2B" blockId="14.[192,808,574,802]" box="[192,808,633,655]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="C8EF119FFFFCFFC8FF0CF67CFE0FFD2B" box="[192,808,633,655]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFCFFC8FF0CF67CFE0FFD2B" ID-CoL="9C2JG" authority="Felder, Felder and Rogenhofer, 1875" authorityName="Felder, Felder and Rogenhofer" authorityYear="1875" box="[192,808,633,655]" class="Insecta" family="Thyrididae" genus="Siculodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinereola">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFCFFC8FF0CF67CFCB3FD2A" box="[192,404,633,654]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Siculodes cinereola</emphasis>
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="695E10A0FFFCFFC8FE57F67CFE0FFD2B" author="Felder & Felder & Rogenhofer" box="[411,808,633,655]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" year="1875">Felder, Felder and Rogenhofer, 1875</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFCFFC8FF0CF693FF04FD08" blockId="14.[192,808,574,802]" box="[192,547,662,684]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="C8EF119FFFFCFFC8FF0CF693FF04FD08" box="[192,547,662,684]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFCFFC8FF0CF693FF04FD08" authority="Guenee, 1877" authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1877" box="[192,547,662,684]" class="Insecta" family="Thyrididae" genus="Siculodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scallula">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFCFFC8FF0CF693FCAFFD0F" box="[192,392,662,683]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Siculodes scallula</emphasis>
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="695E10A0FFFCFFC8FE43F693FF04FD08" author="Guenée" box="[399,547,662,684]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" year="1877">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFCFFC8FE43F693FF04FD08" author="Guenee" box="[399,547,662,684]" firstAuthor="Guenee" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="275 - 304" refId="ref14324" refString="Guenee, A. 1877. Ebauche d'une monographie de la famille Siculides. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France 7: 275 - 304." type="journal article" year="1877">Guenée, 1877</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFCFFC8FF0CF6B1FCDBFD6D" blockId="14.[192,808,574,802]" box="[192,508,692,713]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="C8EF119FFFFCFFC8FF0CF6B1FCDBFD6D" box="[192,508,692,713]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFCFFC8FF0CF6B1FCDBFD6D" ID-CoL="96MDX" authority="Moore, 1882" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1882" box="[192,508,692,713]" class="Insecta" family="Thyrididae" genus="Durdara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lobata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFCFFC8FF0CF6B1FC49FD6D" box="[192,366,692,713]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Durdara lobata</emphasis>
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="695E10A0FFFCFFC8FEB8F6B1FCDBFD6D" author="Moore" box="[372,508,692,713]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" year="1882">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFCFFC8FEB8F6B1FCDBFD6D" author="Moore, F." bookContentInfo="299 p." box="[372,508,692,713]" editor="C. W. Hewitson & F. Moore" journalOrPublisher="W. S. Atkinson. Asiatic Society of Bengal, Taylor and Francis; London. xi" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="89 - 198" refId="ref16052" refString="Moore, F. 1882. Descriptions of Indian Lepidoptera Heterocera from the collection of the late Mr. W. S. Atkinson. p. 89 - 198. In: C. W. Hewitson and F. Moore. Descriptions of new Indian lepidopterous insects from the collection of the late Mr. W. S. Atkinson. Asiatic Society of Bengal, Taylor and Francis; London. xi + 299 p." title="Descriptions of Indian Lepidoptera Heterocera from the collection of the late Mr. W. S. Atkinson" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Descriptions of new Indian lepidopterous insects from the collection of the late Mr" year="1882">Moore, 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFCFFC8FF0CF6D4FF3AFD43" blockId="14.[192,808,574,802]" box="[192,541,721,743]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="C8EF119FFFFCFFC8FF0CF6D4FF3AFD43" box="[192,541,721,743]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFCFFC8FF0CF6D4FF3AFD43" ID-CoL="96MDZ" authority="Moore, 1882" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1882" box="[192,541,721,743]" class="Insecta" family="Thyrididae" genus="Durdara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyraliata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFCFFC8FF0CF6D4FCA8FD42" box="[192,399,721,742]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Durdara pyraliata</emphasis>
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="695E10A0FFFCFFC8FE59F6D7FF3AFD43" author="Moore" box="[405,541,722,743]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" year="1882">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFCFFC8FE59F6D7FF3AFD43" author="Moore, F." bookContentInfo="299 p." box="[405,541,722,743]" editor="C. W. Hewitson & F. Moore" journalOrPublisher="W. S. Atkinson. Asiatic Society of Bengal, Taylor and Francis; London. xi" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="89 - 198" refId="ref16052" refString="Moore, F. 1882. Descriptions of Indian Lepidoptera Heterocera from the collection of the late Mr. W. S. Atkinson. p. 89 - 198. In: C. W. Hewitson and F. Moore. Descriptions of new Indian lepidopterous insects from the collection of the late Mr. W. S. Atkinson. Asiatic Society of Bengal, Taylor and Francis; London. xi + 299 p." title="Descriptions of Indian Lepidoptera Heterocera from the collection of the late Mr. W. S. Atkinson" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Descriptions of new Indian lepidopterous insects from the collection of the late Mr" year="1882">Moore, 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFCFFC8FF0CF6EBFF3CFCA1" blockId="14.[192,808,574,802]" box="[192,539,750,773]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="C8EF119FFFFCFFC8FF0CF6EBFF3CFCA1" box="[192,539,750,773]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFCFFC8FF0CF6EBFF3CFCA1" ID-CoL="96MF2" authority="Swinhoe, 1886" authorityName="Swinhoe" authorityYear="1886" box="[192,539,750,773]" class="Insecta" family="Thyrididae" genus="Durdara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zonula">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFCFFC8FF0CF6EBFC55FCA7" box="[192,370,750,771]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Durdara zonula</emphasis>
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="695E10A0FFFCFFC8FEB4F6EAFF3CFCA1" author="Swinhoe" box="[376,539,751,773]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" year="1886">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFCFFC8FEB4F6EAFF3CFCA1" author="Swinhoe, C." box="[376,539,751,773]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="447 - 476" refId="ref17881" refString="Swinhoe, C. 1886. On the Lepidoptera of Bombay and the Deccan. Pt. II. Heterocera (continued). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 447 - 476." title="On the Lepidoptera of Bombay and the Deccan. Pt. II. Heterocera (continued)" type="book chapter" year="1886">Swinhoe, 1886</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFCFFC8FF0CF709FF7CFC85" blockId="14.[192,808,574,802]" box="[192,603,780,802]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="C8EF119FFFFCFFC8FF0CF709FF7CFC85" box="[192,603,780,802]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFCFFC8FF0CF709FF7CFC85" ID-CoL="52ZZY" authority="Pagenstecher, 1892" authorityName="Pagenstecher" authorityYear="1892" box="[192,603,780,802]" class="Insecta" family="Thyrididae" genus="Striglina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="radiata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFCFFC8FF0CF709FC58FC85" box="[192,383,780,801]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Striglina radiata</emphasis>
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="695E10A0FFFCFFC8FE4AF709FF7CFC85" author="Pagenstecher" box="[390,603,780,802]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" year="1892">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFCFFC8FE4AF709FF7CFC85" author="Pagenstecher, A." box="[390,603,780,802]" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift " Iris" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="33 - 131" part="5" refId="ref16510" refString="Pagenstecher, A. 1892. Ueber die familie der Siculiden (Siculides) Guenee. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift " Iris " 5: 33 - 131." title="Ueber die familie der Siculiden (Siculides) Guenee" type="journal article" year="1892">Pagenstecher, 1892</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A0E5653AFFFCFFC8FF24F73EF8B0FCF7" box="[232,1431,827,851]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFCFFC8FF24F73EF8B0FCF7" blockId="14.[232,1431,827,851]" box="[232,1431,827,851]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFCFFC8FF24F73EFCB2FCF7" author="Walker, F." box="[232,405,827,851]" journalOrPublisher="List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Heterocera" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" refId="ref18162" refString="Walker, F. 1859. Pyralides. List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Heterocera Series 4: 892." title="Pyralides" type="book" year="1859">Walker (1859)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
described
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFCFFC8FDD4F739FE23FCF7" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[536,772,827,851]" class="Insecta" family="Thyrididae" genus="Banisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="myrsusalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFCFFC8FDD4F739FE23FCF7" box="[536,772,827,851]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Banisia myrsusalis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from specimens of Tweedie’s collection at the BMNH.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A0E5653AFFFCFFC8FF0CF769F9D6FAA8" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFCFFC8FF0CF769F9D6FAA8" blockId="14.[192,1440,876,1292]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFCFFC8FF0CF769FC8AFC20" bold="true" box="[192,429,876,900]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Description. Egg.</emphasis>
|
||||
Shiny pink and reddish-brown with white ridges. After hatching, they turn orange as in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFCFFC8FF32F788FCAEFC00" box="[254,393,908,932]" class="Insecta" family="Thyrididae" genus="Banisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argutula">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFCFFC8FF32F788FCAEFC00" box="[254,393,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">B. argutula</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFCFFC8FE59F788FCF1FC01" bold="true" box="[405,470,909,933]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Larv</emphasis>
|
||||
a. First and second instar are transparent yellow changing to green after feeding; thorax brown. Third and fourth instar as previous, but with two dark-brown lateral patches on thorax. Larva length
|
||||
<quantity id="2F079B54FFFCFFC8FEA4F7CBFCDFFC42" box="[360,504,974,998]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.85" metricValueMax="8.9" metricValueMin="6.8" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="7.85" valueMax="8.9" valueMin="6.8">6.8–8.9 mm</quantity>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="70C42A34FFFCFFC8FDC5F7CBFF41FC42" box="[521,614,974,998]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="25.[192,275,1819,1841]" captionTargetBox="[377,1254,213,1785]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[377,1254,213,1785]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 1. Larvae of Lepidoptera pests of sapodilla. A) Dichrorampha sapodilla Heppner. B) Comotia torsicornis Dyar. C) Holcocera crassicornella Dietz. D) Zamagiria laidion (Zeller). E) Electrostrymon angelia (Hewitson). F) Phidotricha erigens Ragonot. G) Banisia myrsusalis Walker. H) Banisia argutula Whalley. I) Pyroderces badia (Hodges). J) Erinnyis ello (Linnaeus)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3676601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3676601/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Fig. 1G</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFCFFC8FDB1F7CBFE23FC42" bold="true" box="[637,772,974,998]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Pre-pupa.</emphasis>
|
||||
Similar to the last instar but paler and wider.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFCFFC8FA80F7CBF8B8FC42" bold="true" box="[1356,1439,974,998]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Adult.</emphasis>
|
||||
Sexually dimorphic, male cinereous and slightly smaller than female; female reddish-cinereous.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFCFFC8FAACF7EAFC38FB83" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Wing expanse</emphasis>
|
||||
: males
|
||||
<quantity id="2F079B54FFFCFFC8FEB6F015FF00FB83" box="[378,551,1040,1064]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.975" metricValueMax="2.01" metricValueMin="1.94" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="19.75" valueMax="20.1" valueMin="19.4">19.4–20.1 mm</quantity>
|
||||
, females
|
||||
<quantity id="2F079B54FFFCFFC8FD59F015FE67FB83" box="[661,832,1040,1064]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.125" metricValueMax="2.17" metricValueMin="2.08" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="21.25" valueMax="21.7" valueMin="20.8">20.8–21.7 mm</quantity>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFCFFC8FC81F00AFE8EFB83" bold="true" box="[845,937,1039,1063]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Wings.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFCFFC8FC62F00AF97BFB83" box="[942,1116,1039,1063]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Dorsal surface</emphasis>
|
||||
: Forewings grayish-brown with strigiform markings and from one to three translucent small spots in postdiscal area, anterior spot larger than posterior, bilateral asymmetry may occur. Males sometimes without translucent spots; costal and median areas ochraceous brown. Hindwings without translucent spots; brownish-black strigiform markings and a thin pink marginal line present.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFCFFC8FCC7F097FEE4FB0E" box="[779,963,1170,1194]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Ventral surface</emphasis>
|
||||
: both wings pale-brown with brownishblack strigiform markings surrounded by pale orange.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFCFFC8FCA5F0B6FE9EFB6E" bold="true" box="[873,953,1203,1227]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Head.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFCFFC8FC0EF0B6F912FB6E" box="[962,1077,1203,1226]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Antennae</emphasis>
|
||||
: Diminutively ciliate.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFCFFC8FA80F0B6F8BEFB6E" box="[1356,1433,1203,1226]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Vertex</emphasis>
|
||||
: Cinereous.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFCFFC8FE87F0D6FCFDFB4F" box="[331,474,1235,1259]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Mouthparts</emphasis>
|
||||
: Labial palp cinereous with third segment smaller than second.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFCFFC8FB3EF0D1F866FB4F" bold="true" box="[1266,1345,1236,1260]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Body.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFCFFC8FA84F0D6FC41FAA8" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Thorax and abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: Cinereous dorsally and pale-brown ventrally.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFCFFC8FC69F0F0FEFBFAA8" box="[933,988,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Legs</emphasis>
|
||||
: Pale-brown (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="70C42A34FFFCFFC8FB4BF0F1F9C3FAA8" box="[1159,1252,1268,1292]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="26.[192,275,1790,1812]" captionTargetBox="[379,1254,213,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[379,1254,213,1756]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 2. Adults of Lepidoptera pests of sapodilla. The unlabeled images in the top half of the figure are to scale, whereas the labeled images in the bottom half of the figure have been resized. A) Dichrorampha sapodilla Heppner. B) Comotia torsicornis Dyar. C) Holcocera crassicornella Dietz. D) Zamagiria laidion (Zeller). E) Pyroderces badia (Hodges). F) Phidotricha erigens Ragonot. G) Banisia myrsusalis Walker. H) Banisia argutula Whalley. I) Electrostrymon angelia (Hewitson). J) Erinnyis ello (Linnaeus)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3676603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3676603/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A0E5653AFFFCFFC8FF0CF121FE9FF9E6" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFCFFC8FF0CF121FE9FF9E6" blockId="14.[192,1440,1316,1602]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFCFFC8FF0CF121FC54FA98" bold="true" box="[192,371,1316,1340]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFCFFC8FEB6F120FF42FA99" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[378,613,1317,1341]" class="Insecta" family="Thyrididae" genus="Banisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="myrsusalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFCFFC8FEB6F120FF42FA99" box="[378,613,1317,1341]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Banisia myrsusalis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is a species that it is native to the Neotropical Region, it was introduced to Asia and had been recorded in the
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFFCFFC8FD1EF143FE2BFAFA" box="[722,780,1350,1374]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
mainly in
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="2A3BF853FFFCFFC8FC42F143FEC0FAFA" box="[910,999,1350,1374]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFFCFFC8FC22F143F90FFAFA" box="[1006,1064,1350,1374]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFCFFC8FBFAF143F9C6FAFA" author="Whalley, P. E. S." bookContentInfo="194 p." box="[1078,1249,1350,1374]" journalOrPublisher="British Museum Natural History. The Gresham Press; London" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" refId="ref18191" refString="Whalley, P. E. S. 1976. Tropical leaf moths: a monograph of the subfamily Striglininae (Lepidoptera: Thyrididae). British Museum Natural History. The Gresham Press; London. 194 p. + 68 pls." title="Tropical leaf moths: a monograph of the subfamily Striglininae (Lepidoptera: Thyrididae)" type="book" year="1976">Whalley 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFCFFC8FB20F143FDD9FADA" author="Martinez, J. I. & J. E. Hayden & J. B. Heppner & J. E. Pena & L. Xiao & D. Carrillo" journalOrPublisher="Florida Entomologist" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="57 - 62" part="100" refId="ref15539" refString="Martinez, J. I., J. E. Hayden, J. B. Heppner, J. E. Pena, L. Xiao, and D. Carrillo. 2017. Banisia argutula (Lepidoptera: Thyrididae) is the dominant sapodilla borer in southern Florida. Florida Entomologist 100: 57 - 62." title="Banisia argutula (Lepidoptera: Thyrididae) is the dominant sapodilla borer in southern Florida" type="journal article" year="2017">Martinez et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFFCFFC8FEDEF163FC7AFADA" box="[274,349,1382,1406]" name="Brazil" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFCFFC8FEA7F163FF29FADA" author="Guenee" box="[363,526,1382,1406]" firstAuthor="Guenee" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="275 - 304" refId="ref14324" refString="Guenee, A. 1877. Ebauche d'une monographie de la famille Siculides. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France 7: 275 - 304." type="journal article" year="1877">Guenée 1877</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFCFFC8FDD4F163FE79FADA" accessDate="invalid" author="Soares-da Silva, P. H. & C. da Silva & H. U. de Sousa" box="[536,862,1382,1406]" journalOrPublisher="Ministerio da Agricultura, Pecuaria e Abastecimento. Comunicado tecnico 157. ISSN 0104" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" publicationUrl="http://ainfo.cnptia.embrapa.br/digital/bitstream/CPAMN-2009-09/18817/1/CT157.pdf" refId="ref17652" refString="Soares-da Silva, P. H., C. da Silva, and H. U. de Sousa. 2003. Ocorrencia de Banisia myrsusalis (Walker, 1895) Atacando Sapotizeiro na Regiao dos Tabuleiros Costeiros do Estado do Piaui. Ministerio da Agricultura, Pecuaria e Abastecimento. Comunicado tecnico 157. ISSN 0104 - 7647. Available at http: // ainfo. cnptia. embrapa. br / digital / bitstream / CPAMN- 2009 - 09 / 18817 / 1 / CT 157. pdf. (Last accessed June 23, 2015.)" title="Ocorrencia de Banisia myrsusalis (Walker, 1895) Atacando Sapotizeiro na Regiao dos Tabuleiros Costeiros do Estado do Piaui" type="book" year="2003">Soares-da Silva et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFCFFC8FCA5F163F946FADA" author="Monteiro, R. F. & M. V. Macedo & M. D. S. Nascimento & R. S. Cury" box="[873,1121,1382,1406]" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Entomologia" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="313 - 320" part="51" refId="ref15981" refString="Monteiro, R. F., M. V. Macedo, M. D. S. Nascimento, and R. S. Cury. 2007. Composicao, abundancia e notas sobre a ecologia de especies de larvas de lepidopteros associadas a cinco especies de plantas hospedeiras no Parque Nacional da Restinga de Jurubatiba, RJ. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 51: 313 - 320." title="Composicao, abundancia e notas sobre a ecologia de especies de larvas de lepidopteros associadas a cinco especies de plantas hospedeiras no Parque Nacional da Restinga de Jurubatiba, RJ" type="journal article" year="2007">Monteiro et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). It has also been reported in the West Indies (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFCFFC8FE7EF182FFBAFA3B" author="Pagenstecher, A." box="[434,669,1415,1439]" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift " Iris" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="33 - 131" part="5" refId="ref16510" refString="Pagenstecher, A. 1892. Ueber die familie der Siculiden (Siculides) Guenee. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift " Iris " 5: 33 - 131." title="Ueber die familie der Siculiden (Siculides) Guenee" type="journal article" year="1892">Pagenstecher 1892</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFCFFC8FD65F182FE73FA3B" author="Whalley, P. E. S." bookContentInfo="194 p." box="[681,852,1415,1439]" journalOrPublisher="British Museum Natural History. The Gresham Press; London" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" refId="ref18191" refString="Whalley, P. E. S. 1976. Tropical leaf moths: a monograph of the subfamily Striglininae (Lepidoptera: Thyrididae). British Museum Natural History. The Gresham Press; London. 194 p. + 68 pls." title="Tropical leaf moths: a monograph of the subfamily Striglininae (Lepidoptera: Thyrididae)" type="book" year="1976">Whalley 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFCFFC8FCACF182F94FFA3B" author="Bendicho-Lopez, A." box="[864,1128,1415,1439]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="214 - 215" part="52" refId="ref12726" refString="Bendicho-Lopez, A. 1998. New distributional and foodplant records for twenty Cuban moths. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 52: 214 - 215." title="New distributional and foodplant records for twenty Cuban moths" type="journal article" year="1998">Bendicho-Lopez 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
; Núñez-Águila 2004) and Asia including
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFFCFFC8FEBBF1ADFC9CFA64" box="[375,443,1448,1472]" name="India" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">India</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFFCFFC8FE0AF1ADFF66FA64" box="[454,577,1448,1472]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFCFFC8FD9CF1ADFE4BFA64" author="Sandhu, G. S. & C. S. Sran" box="[592,876,1448,1472]" journalOrPublisher="Plant Protection Bulletin, FAO" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="43 - 44" part="28" refId="ref17448" refString="Sandhu, G. S., and C. S. Sran. 1980. India-new records of Lepidoptera on sapota. Plant Protection Bulletin, FAO 28: 43 - 44." title="India-new records of Lepidoptera on sapota" type="journal article" year="1980">Sandhu and Sran 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFCFFC8FCBBF1ADF963FA64" author="Jhala" box="[887,1092,1448,1472]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Jhala" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="730 - 731" refId="ref15017" refString="Jhala, R. C., Z. P. Patel, and A. H. Shah. 1988. Pests of milk tree (Manilkara hexandra), a rootstock for sapodilla (Manilkara achras). Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 58: 730 - 731." type="journal article" year="1988">Jhala et al. 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFCFFC8FB83F1ADF83FFA64" author="Patel, B. S. & R. C. Jhala & H. V. Pandya & C. B. Patel" box="[1103,1304,1448,1472]" journalOrPublisher="Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="604 - 605" part="63" refId="ref16725" refString="Patel, B. S., R. C. Jhala, H. V. Pandya, and C. B. Patel. 1993. Biology of leaf-folder (Banisia myrsusalis elearalis) (Lepidoptera, Thyrididae), a pest of sapota (Achras zapota). Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 63: 604 - 605." title="Biology of leaf-folder (Banisia myrsusalis elearalis) (Lepidoptera, Thyrididae), a pest of sapota (Achras zapota)" type="journal article" year="1993">Patel et al. 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFCFFC8FAEFF1ADFC04FA44" author="Sathish, R. & D. J. Naik & K. Deepika" journalOrPublisher="Pest Management. Horticultural Ecosystems" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="160 - 163" part="19" refId="ref17482" refString="Sathish, R., D. J. Naik, and K. Deepika. 2013. Biology of sapota midrib folder, Banisia myrsusalis elearalis Walker (Thyrididae: Lepidoptera) infesting sapota under hill zone of Karnataka. Pest Management. Horticultural Ecosystems 19: 160 - 163." title="Biology of sapota midrib folder, Banisia myrsusalis elearalis Walker (Thyrididae: Lepidoptera) infesting sapota under hill zone of Karnataka" type="journal article" year="2013">Sathish et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFCFFC8FEE3F1CDFC4AFA44" author="Sathish, R. & D. J. Naik & A. C. Veerendra & A. S. Vidyashree" box="[303,365,1480,1504]" journalOrPublisher="Environment and Ecology" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="473 - 477" part="33" refId="ref17534" refString="Sathish, R., D. J. Naik, A. C. Veerendra, and A. S. Vidyashree. 2015. Seasonal incidence of sapota midrib folder (Banisia myrsusalis elearalis Walker) on different varieties of sapota. Environment and Ecology 33: 473 - 477." title="Seasonal incidence of sapota midrib folder (Banisia myrsusalis elearalis Walker) on different varieties of sapota" type="journal article" year="2015">2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFFCFFC8FE4DF1CDFCD6FA44" box="[385,497,1480,1504]" name="Malaysia" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFCFFC8FDCCF1CDFF85FA44" author="Corbett" box="[512,674,1480,1504]" firstAuthor="Corbett" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="261 - 276" refId="ref13442" refString="Corbett, G. H. 1929. Division of Entomology. Annual Report for 1928. Malayan Agricultural Journal 17: 261 - 276." type="journal article" year="1929">Corbett 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFCFFC8FD62F1CDFE42FA44" author="Holloway" box="[686,869,1480,1504]" firstAuthor="Holloway" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="259 - 286" refId="ref14720" refString="Holloway, J. D. 1970. The biogeographical analysis of a transect sample of the moth fauna of Mt. Kinabalu, Sabah, using numerical methods. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 2: 259 - 286." type="journal article" year="1970">Holloway 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFFCFFC8FCB6F1CCF925FA45" box="[890,1026,1481,1505]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFCFFC8FBDDF1CDF867FA44" author="Ades, G. W. J. & R. C. Kendrick" bookContentInfo="86 p." box="[1041,1344,1480,1504]" journalOrPublisher="Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden; Chai Wan, Hong Kong" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" refId="ref12376" refString="Ades, G. W. J., and R. C. Kendrick. 2004. Hong Kong fauna: a checklist of selected taxa: (including dragonflies, butterflies, moths, ladybird and rove beetles, stick insects, freshwater fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals). Farm and Botanic Garden. Fauna Conservation Department (2 nd edition). Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden; Chai Wan, Hong Kong. 86 p." title="Hong Kong fauna: a checklist of selected taxa: (including dragonflies, butterflies, moths, ladybird and rove beetles, stick insects, freshwater fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals). Farm and Botanic Garden. Fauna Conservation Department (2 nd edition)" type="book" year="2004">Ades and Kendrick 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFFCFFC8FA98F1CCF887FA44" box="[1364,1440,1481,1504]" name="Japan" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFCFFC8FF04F1ECFC4FF9A5" author="Hiroshi" box="[200,360,1513,1537]" firstAuthor="Hiroshi" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="271 - 287" refId="ref14567" refString="Hiroshi, I. 1998. The Zygaenidae, Hyblaeidae, Thyrididae, Limaeodidae, Uraniidae, Sphingidae, Aretiidae and Nolinae (Noctuidae) of the Ogasawara Islands, with additions and corrections to the Geometridae and Pyralidae (Lepidoptera) (Moths of Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands, Part IV). Transactions of the Lepidopterological Society of Japan 49: 271 - 287." type="journal article" year="1998">Hiroshi 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFFCFFC8FEB6F1ECFCD2F9A5" box="[378,501,1513,1537]" name="Indonesia" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFFCFFC8FDCEF1ECFFBDF9A5" box="[514,666,1513,1537]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFFCFFC8FD6BF1ECFE31F9A5" box="[679,790,1513,1537]" name="Thailand" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFCFFC8FCEBF1ECFEF6F9A5" author="Whalley, P. E. S." bookContentInfo="194 p." box="[807,977,1513,1537]" journalOrPublisher="British Museum Natural History. The Gresham Press; London" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" refId="ref18191" refString="Whalley, P. E. S. 1976. Tropical leaf moths: a monograph of the subfamily Striglininae (Lepidoptera: Thyrididae). British Museum Natural History. The Gresham Press; London. 194 p. + 68 pls." title="Tropical leaf moths: a monograph of the subfamily Striglininae (Lepidoptera: Thyrididae)" type="book" year="1976">Whalley 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) and
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFFCFFC8FBD4F1ECF9A5F9A5" box="[1048,1154,1513,1537]" name="Vietnam" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFCFFC8FB5EF1ECF8B3F9A5" author="Konvicka" box="[1170,1428,1513,1537]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Konvicka" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref15198" refString="Konvicka, M., K. Spitzer, and J. Jaros, 1998. Notes on Striglininae (Lepidoptera Thyrididae), tropical leaf moths from Vietnam with a description of a new species. Tropical Zoology 11: 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1998">Konvička et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Widely distributed in Africa (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFCFFC8FDFFF20FFFC5F986" author="Whalley, P. E. S." bookContentInfo="194 p." box="[563,738,1546,1570]" journalOrPublisher="British Museum Natural History. The Gresham Press; London" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" refId="ref18191" refString="Whalley, P. E. S. 1976. Tropical leaf moths: a monograph of the subfamily Striglininae (Lepidoptera: Thyrididae). British Museum Natural History. The Gresham Press; London. 194 p. + 68 pls." title="Tropical leaf moths: a monograph of the subfamily Striglininae (Lepidoptera: Thyrididae)" type="book" year="1976">Whalley 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFCFFC8FD3DF20FF97DF986" author="De Prins and De Prins" box="[753,1114,1546,1570]" firstAuthor="De Prins" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" refId="ref13769" refString="De Prins, J., and W. De Prins. 2019 Afromoths, online database of Afrotropical moth species (Lepidoptera). Available at http: // www. afromoths. net /. (Last accessed June 10, 2019.)" type="url" year="2019">De Prins and De Prins 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFFCFFC8FBBEF20FF840F986" box="[1138,1383,1546,1570]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFFCFFC8FF0CF22FFC13F9E6" box="[192,308,1578,1602]" name="Australia" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFCFFC8FE8FF22FFCC9F9E6" author="Whalley, P. E. S." bookContentInfo="194 p." box="[323,494,1578,1602]" journalOrPublisher="British Museum Natural History. The Gresham Press; London" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" refId="ref18191" refString="Whalley, P. E. S. 1976. Tropical leaf moths: a monograph of the subfamily Striglininae (Lepidoptera: Thyrididae). British Museum Natural History. The Gresham Press; London. 194 p. + 68 pls." title="Tropical leaf moths: a monograph of the subfamily Striglininae (Lepidoptera: Thyrididae)" type="book" year="1976">Whalley 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFCFFC8FE36F22FFE8CF9E6" author="Herbison-Evans and Crossley" box="[506,939,1578,1602]" firstAuthor="Herbison-Evans" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" refId="ref14495" refString="Herbison-Evans, D. and S. Crossley. 2014. Families of Moths in Australia. Available at http: // lepidoptera. butterflyhouse. com. au / cosm / cosmopterigidae. html. (Last accessed September 3, 2015)." type="url" year="2014">Herbison-Evans and Crossley 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A0E5653AFFFCFFC9FF0CF25EFF92FD9E" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFCFFC8FF0CF25EF927F8B2" blockId="14.[192,1440,1627,1815]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFCFFC8FF0CF25EFC32F9D7" bold="true" box="[192,277,1627,1651]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Hosts.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFCFFC8FED7F25EFF21F9D7" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[283,518,1627,1651]" class="Insecta" family="Thyrididae" genus="Banisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="myrsusalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFCFFC8FED7F25EFF21F9D7" box="[283,518,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Banisia myrsusalis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is an oligophagous moth previously associated only with plants of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFCFFC8FA97F25EFC29F937" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Sapotaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
including
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFCFFC8FE41F27EFF85F937" box="[397,674,1659,1683]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Chrysophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cainito">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFCFFC8FE41F27EFF85F937" box="[397,674,1659,1683]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Chrysophyllum cainito</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L.,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFCFFC8FD03F279FE4DF937" box="[719,874,1659,1683]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Chrysophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oliviforme">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFCFFC8FD03F279FE4DF937" box="[719,874,1659,1683]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">C. oliviforme</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L.,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFCFFC8FC5BF27EF8BBF930" authority="(J. Konig) J. F. Macbr." authorityName="J. F. Macbr." baseAuthorityName="J. Konig" box="[919,1436,1659,1684]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Madhuca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longifolia">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFCFFC8FC5BF27EF9A2F937" box="[919,1157,1659,1683]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Madhuca longifolia</emphasis>
|
||||
(J. Konig) J. F. Macbr.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFCFFC8FF0CF299FCB1F910" box="[192,406,1692,1716]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Manilkara" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zapota">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFCFFC8FF0CF299FCB1F910" box="[192,406,1692,1716]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Manilkara zapota</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(L.) van Royen,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFCFFC8FD98F298FE94F910" authority="(Mart.) Dubard" authorityName="Dubard" authorityYear="1915" baseAuthorityName="Mart." box="[596,947,1692,1716]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Manilkara" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subsericea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFCFFC8FD98F298FFD3F910" box="[596,756,1692,1716]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">M. subsericea</emphasis>
|
||||
(Mart.) Dubard
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFCFFC8FC71F298F9A3F910" box="[957,1156,1692,1716]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Mimusops" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elengi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFCFFC8FC71F298F9A3F910" box="[957,1156,1692,1716]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Mimusops elengi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L. and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFCFFC8FB17F298FC36F971" authority="Radlk." authorityName="Radlk." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Pouteria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caimito">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFCFFC8FB17F298F887F910" box="[1243,1440,1693,1716]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Pouteria caimito</emphasis>
|
||||
Radlk.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFCFFC8FEE4F2B8FF16F971" author="Bendicho-Lopez, A." box="[296,561,1725,1749]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="214 - 215" part="52" refId="ref12726" refString="Bendicho-Lopez, A. 1998. New distributional and foodplant records for twenty Cuban moths. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 52: 214 - 215." title="New distributional and foodplant records for twenty Cuban moths" type="journal article" year="1998">Bendicho-Lopez 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFCFFC8FDF1F2B8FFD4F971" author="Robinson, G. S." box="[573,755,1725,1749]" journalOrPublisher="Nota Lepidopterologica" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="35 - 47" part="22" refId="ref17139" refString="Robinson, G. S. 1999. HOSTS-a database of the hostplants of the world's Lepidoptera. Nota Lepidopterologica 22: 35 - 47." title="HOSTS-a database of the hostplants of the world's Lepidoptera" type="journal article" year="1999">Robinson 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFCFFC8FD33F2B8FEE0F971" accessDate="invalid" author="Soares-da Silva, P. H. & C. da Silva & H. U. de Sousa" box="[767,967,1725,1749]" journalOrPublisher="Ministerio da Agricultura, Pecuaria e Abastecimento. Comunicado tecnico 157. ISSN 0104" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" publicationUrl="http://ainfo.cnptia.embrapa.br/digital/bitstream/CPAMN-2009-09/18817/1/CT157.pdf" refId="ref17652" refString="Soares-da Silva, P. H., C. da Silva, and H. U. de Sousa. 2003. Ocorrencia de Banisia myrsusalis (Walker, 1895) Atacando Sapotizeiro na Regiao dos Tabuleiros Costeiros do Estado do Piaui. Ministerio da Agricultura, Pecuaria e Abastecimento. Comunicado tecnico 157. ISSN 0104 - 7647. Available at http: // ainfo. cnptia. embrapa. br / digital / bitstream / CPAMN- 2009 - 09 / 18817 / 1 / CT 157. pdf. (Last accessed June 23, 2015.)" title="Ocorrencia de Banisia myrsusalis (Walker, 1895) Atacando Sapotizeiro na Regiao dos Tabuleiros Costeiros do Estado do Piaui" type="book" year="2003">Silva et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFCFFC8FC1EF2B8F9EBF971" author="Monteiro, R. F. & M. V. Macedo & M. D. S. Nascimento & R. S. Cury" box="[978,1228,1725,1749]" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Entomologia" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="313 - 320" part="51" refId="ref15981" refString="Monteiro, R. F., M. V. Macedo, M. D. S. Nascimento, and R. S. Cury. 2007. Composicao, abundancia e notas sobre a ecologia de especies de larvas de lepidopteros associadas a cinco especies de plantas hospedeiras no Parque Nacional da Restinga de Jurubatiba, RJ. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 51: 313 - 320." title="Composicao, abundancia e notas sobre a ecologia de especies de larvas de lepidopteros associadas a cinco especies de plantas hospedeiras no Parque Nacional da Restinga de Jurubatiba, RJ" type="journal article" year="2007">Monteiro et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). However, it has also been reported feeding on
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFCFFC8FDE4F2D8F917F952" authority="Willd." authorityName="Willd." box="[552,1072,1757,1782]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elliptica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFCFFC8FDE4F2D8FE3DF951" box="[552,794,1757,1781]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Terminalia elliptica</emphasis>
|
||||
Willd. (Combretaceae)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFCFFC8FBF2F2DBF8B4F952" author="De Prins and De Prins" box="[1086,1427,1758,1782]" firstAuthor="De Prins" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" refId="ref13769" refString="De Prins, J., and W. De Prins. 2019 Afromoths, online database of Afrotropical moth species (Lepidoptera). Available at http: // www. afromoths. net /. (Last accessed June 10, 2019.)" type="url" year="2019">De Prins and De Prins 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), and
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFCFFC8FF3AF2FAFC1FF8B2" box="[246,312,1791,1814]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Ficus</emphasis>
|
||||
sp. (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFCFFC8FEBDF2FAFCCCF8B3" box="[369,491,1791,1815]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), the latter of which is a
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFCFFC8FCD6F2FBFEDFF8B2" bold="true" box="[794,1016,1790,1814]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">new host record</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFCFFC8FF0CF32AFEB7F82D" blockId="14.[192,1440,1839,1929]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFCFFC8FF0CF32AFCBDF8E3" bold="true" box="[192,410,1839,1863]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Natural history.</emphasis>
|
||||
The adults are active during late summer (early August in southern
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="2A3BF853FFFCFFC8FB1CF32AF80BF8E3" box="[1232,1324,1839,1863]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||||
), increasing their populations during the rainy season. The females have been observed laying eggs mainly on the twigs, leaf buds, and fruit (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFCFFC8FDF5F375FEA3F82D" accessDate="invalid" author="Soares-da Silva, P. H. & C. da Silva & H. U. de Sousa" box="[569,900,1904,1929]" journalOrPublisher="Ministerio da Agricultura, Pecuaria e Abastecimento. Comunicado tecnico 157. ISSN 0104" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" publicationUrl="http://ainfo.cnptia.embrapa.br/digital/bitstream/CPAMN-2009-09/18817/1/CT157.pdf" refId="ref17652" refString="Soares-da Silva, P. H., C. da Silva, and H. U. de Sousa. 2003. Ocorrencia de Banisia myrsusalis (Walker, 1895) Atacando Sapotizeiro na Regiao dos Tabuleiros Costeiros do Estado do Piaui. Ministerio da Agricultura, Pecuaria e Abastecimento. Comunicado tecnico 157. ISSN 0104 - 7647. Available at http: // ainfo. cnptia. embrapa. br / digital / bitstream / CPAMN- 2009 - 09 / 18817 / 1 / CT 157. pdf. (Last accessed June 23, 2015.)" title="Ocorrencia de Banisia myrsusalis (Walker, 1895) Atacando Sapotizeiro na Regiao dos Tabuleiros Costeiros do Estado do Piaui" type="book" year="2003">Soares-da Silva et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFDFFC9FF0CF4DFFC46FEF0" blockId="15.[192,1441,217,340]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Four or five days after hatching, the larva rolls up in a leaf and chew a small hole where it starts to feed. When the larva finishes feeding within the leaf, it makes a second hole and moves to another leaf. The larval stage lasts 12–15 days. The pupal stage lasts 16–21 days. Pupation occurs mainly inside rolled leaves.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFDFFC9FF0CF568F984FE02" blockId="15.[192,1440,365,423]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFDFFC9FF0CF568FC10FE21" bold="true" box="[192,311,365,389]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Damage.</emphasis>
|
||||
When leaves are infested with larvae, they are transparent green with many blotch mines. After
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFDFFC9FECBF58BFCA4FE02" box="[263,387,398,422]" genus="The" pageId="15" pageNumber="15" rank="species" species="larvae">the larvae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
emerge from the leaves, the leaves become pale yellowish brown.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFDFFC9FF0CF5BAFF92FD9E" blockId="15.[192,1440,447,570]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFDFFC9FF0CF5BAFC5EFE73" bold="true" box="[192,377,447,471]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Management.</emphasis>
|
||||
Contact pesticides are not effective because
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFDFFC9FC6DF5BAF939FE73" box="[929,1054,447,471]" genus="The" pageId="15" pageNumber="15" rank="species" species="larvae">the larvae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
feed inside the leaves. For this reason, control is very difficult.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFDFFC9FDF9F5E4FE34FE5C" author="Myers, L. & J. E. Pena & R. Duncan & J. B. Heppner" box="[565,787,480,505]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" pagination="10 - 13" part="121" refId="ref16182" refString="Myers, L., J. E. Pena, R. Duncan, and J. B. Heppner. 2008. Microlepidoptera complex affecting sapodilla (Manilkara zapota van Royen) in Florida. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society 121: 10 - 13." title="Microlepidoptera complex affecting sapodilla (Manilkara zapota van Royen) in Florida" type="journal article" year="2008">Myers et al. (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
used pesticides in sapodilla without significant effects. During our investigation we saw many predators that are natural enemies of both
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFDFFC9FB69F607F86CFDBD" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[1189,1355,513,537]" class="Insecta" family="Thyrididae" genus="Banisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="myrsusalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFDFFC9FB69F607F86CFDBD" box="[1189,1355,513,537]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">B. myrsusalis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFDFFC9FA49F607FC0CFD9E" class="Insecta" family="Thyrididae" genus="Banisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argutula">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFDFFC9FA49F607FC0CFD9E" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">B. argutula</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(see,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFDFFC9FEBDF626FCDAFD9E" box="[369,509,546,570]" class="Insecta" family="Thyrididae" genus="Banisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argutula">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFDFFC9FEBDF626FCDAFD9E" box="[369,509,546,570]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">B. argutula</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
management).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
247
data/60/56/87/605687A7FFFDFFD6FF0CF6F1FF6CFE66.xml
Normal file
247
data/60/56/87/605687A7FFFDFFD6FF0CF6F1FF6CFE66.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
|
|||
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<mods:titleInfo id="C851F7903E6FD1315A3B3090DFD8E72A">
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<mods:title id="5E8D5B134E4E75953EA494758B688025">Lepidoptera pests of sapodilla (Manilkara zapota (L.) van Royen) in south Florida, with some comments on life history and natural control</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9840FA716EA155BF739BA8C56838DC82">Crane, Jonathan H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CA6635307FCBF3669BDA3C3999338300">Wasielewski, Jeff</mods:namePart>
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|
||||
<mods:title id="2C4D8A803867FCCD962E8709DB9AA46C">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part id="E255DFFD862782BE8A7E19EA1AAAE524">
|
||||
<mods:date id="76F0E05E3273A0AA33A16D83E5926DF6">2019</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="ADBC123A8525AEE8B1C3F6F93F96F641" type="pubDate">
|
||||
<mods:number id="A47867208D53BC30A5725B93D926D3EA">2019-12-03</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="2D75C0A16789DA687B05BD08ED0F5D4B" type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number id="A0E54E1F42598F32A3740685FDD73496">739</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="CDFFEAE68D54FDA2C831FA4664F6B735" type="issue">
|
||||
<mods:number id="281836988391DADB6EC335A97EADCBFB">739</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent id="E72ABBE1704703799032600FFEB31333" unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start id="965B1C04A13394035F933F0AA2F10BF1">1</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end id="7684DFB8F7C0BACDDA3378920B021A17">26</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:classification id="2DDD40566F2B1609C332624BF4417907">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="7929F66ABB2954EF5B9C5B207B890EF3" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.3676599</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="F626DD1257B1FF307F3ED2A74EF6C52C" type="GBIF-Dataset">81fddc1b-649c-4455-a6da-e6a4ca9c0291</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="AA1103C2FFFEBA29CDC85022EB4F8207" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="9A7C9A5A87F51F832F0E811319E12117" type="Zenodo-Dep">3676599</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="A9D0FDAC80653D3A506195A9E4FECEE9" type="ZooBank">9C545611-FC84-414F-A162-74E4CCE63A00</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="605687A7FFFDFFD6FF0CF6F1FF6CFE66" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3681461" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162233497" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3681461" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:605687A7FFFDFFD6FF0CF6F1FF6CFE66" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/605687A7FFFDFFD6FF0CF6F1FF6CFE66" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A0E5653AFFFDFFC9FF0CF6F1FFC6FCA9" box="[192,737,756,781]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFDFFC9FF0CF6F1FFC6FCA9" blockId="15.[192,737,756,781]" box="[192,737,756,781]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<heading id="B30881DDFFFDFFC9FF0CF6F1FFC6FCA9" bold="true" box="[192,737,756,781]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" reason="3">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFDFFC9FF0CF6F1FFC6FCA9" ID-CoL="6D444" authority="Heppner, 1981" authorityName="Heppner. B" authorityYear="1981" box="[192,737,756,781]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Dichrorampha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sapodilla">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFDFFC9FF0CF6F1FFC6FCA9" bold="true" box="[192,737,756,781]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFDFFC9FF0CF6F1FF33FCA8" bold="true" box="[192,532,756,780]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Dichrorampha sapodilla</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFDFFC9FDD0F6F0FFC6FCA9" author="Heppner" box="[540,737,757,781]" firstAuthor="Heppner" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" pagination="271 - 276" refId="ref14425" refString="Heppner, J. B. 1981. Two New Dichrorampha (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from Florida. The Florida Entomologist 64: 271 - 276." type="journal article" year="1981">Heppner, 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A0E5653AFFFDFFC9FF0CF720FF21FC9E" box="[192,518,804,826]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFDFFC9FF0CF720FF21FC9E" blockId="15.[192,518,804,826]" box="[192,518,804,826]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="C8EF119FFFFDFFC9FF0CF720FF21FC9E" box="[192,518,804,826]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFDFFC9FF0CF720FC13FC9E" ID-CoL="95KK5" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1825" box="[192,308,805,826]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Hemimene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFDFFC9FF0CF720FC13FC9E" box="[192,308,805,826]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Hemimene</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp.,
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="695E10A0FFFDFFC9FEABF721FF21FC9E" author="Kimball" box="[359,518,804,826]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" year="1965">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFDFFC9FEABF721FF21FC9E" author="Kimball" box="[359,518,804,826]" firstAuthor="Kimball" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" refId="ref15158" refString="Kimball, C. P. 1965. The Lepidoptera of Florida: an annotated checklist. Arthropods of Florida and neighboring land areas. Vol 1. Florida Department of Agriculture; Gainesville, FL. 363 p." type="book" year="1965">Kimball, 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A0E5653AFFFDFFC9FF24F756FF12FC54" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFDFFC9FF24F756FF12FC54" blockId="15.[192,1441,851,1008]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFDFFC9FF24F756FF38FCCF" authorityName="Heppner. B" authorityYear="1981" box="[232,543,851,875]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Dichrorampha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sapodilla">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFDFFC9FF24F756FF38FCCF" box="[232,543,851,875]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Dichrorampha sapodilla</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was described by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFDFFC9FCDEF751FEFDFCC8" author="Heppner" box="[786,986,852,876]" firstAuthor="Heppner" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" pagination="271 - 276" refId="ref14425" refString="Heppner, J. B. 1981. Two New Dichrorampha (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from Florida. The Florida Entomologist 64: 271 - 276." type="journal article" year="1981">Heppner (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
along with another new species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFDFFC9FF0CF771FCFEFC29" authority="Guenee" authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1845" box="[192,473,884,909]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Dichrorampha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFDFFC9FF0CF771FC53FC28" box="[192,372,884,908]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Dichrorampha</emphasis>
|
||||
Guenée
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="2A3BF853FFFDFFC9FDEFF770FF5BFC29" box="[547,636,885,909]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||||
based on a specimen in the Baranowski collection at the USNM.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFDFFC9FF0CF793FC7EFC09" authorityName="Heppner. B" authorityYear="1981" box="[192,345,917,941]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Dichrorampha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sapodilla">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFDFFC9FF0CF793FC7EFC09" box="[192,345,917,941]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">D. sapodilla</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
feeds on sapodilla, while
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFDFFC9FD6AF793F933FC0A" authority="Heppner, 1981" authorityName="Heppner" authorityYear="1981" box="[678,1044,917,942]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Dichrorampha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manilkara">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFDFFC9FD6AF793FE77FC09" box="[678,848,917,941]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">D. manilkara</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFDFFC9FC97F793F933FC0A" author="Heppner" box="[859,1044,918,942]" firstAuthor="Heppner" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" pagination="271 - 276" refId="ref14425" refString="Heppner, J. B. 1981. Two New Dichrorampha (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from Florida. The Florida Entomologist 64: 271 - 276." type="journal article" year="1981">Heppner, 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
feeds on wild dilly (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFDFFC9FAD0F790FFB0FC6B" authority="(Baker) Lam. and Meusse" authorityName="Lam. and Meusse" baseAuthorityName="Baker" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Manilkara" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bahamensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFDFFC9FAD0F790FC76FC6A" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Manilkara bahamensis</emphasis>
|
||||
(Baker) Lam. and Meusse
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). It is a congener of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFDFFC9FC45F7B2F9C4FC6B" authority="Walsingham, 1914" authorityName="Walsingham" authorityYear="1914" box="[905,1251,951,975]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Dichrorampha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azteca">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFDFFC9FC45F7B2FEDFFC6A" box="[905,1016,951,974]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">D. azteca</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFDFFC9FC33F7B2F9C4FC6B" author="Walsingham, L. T. de" bookContentInfo="482 p." box="[1023,1251,951,975]" journalOrPublisher="Taylor and Francis; London" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" refId="ref18235" refString="Walsingham, L. T. de G. 1914. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta. Lepidoptera, Heterocera. Vol. IV. Tineina, Pterophorina, Orneodina, and Pyralidina and Hepialidina (part). Taylor and Francis; London. 482 p. + 10 pls." title="Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta. Lepidoptera, Heterocera. Vol. IV. Tineina, Pterophorina, Orneodina, and Pyralidina and Hepialidina (part)" type="book" year="1914">Walsingham, 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFDFFC9FAD3F7B2FF16FC54" authority="Brown and Zachariades, 2007" authorityName="Brown and Zachariades" authorityYear="2007" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Dichrorampha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="odorata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFDFFC9FAD3F7B2F887FC6A" box="[1311,1440,950,974]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">D. odorata</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFDFFC9FF0CF7DDFF16FC54" author="Brown, J. W. & C. Zachariades" box="[192,561,983,1008]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" pagination="938 - 947" part="109" refId="ref12921" refString="Brown, J. W., and C. Zachariades. 2007. A new species of Dichrorampha (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Grapholitini) from Jamaica: A potential biocontrol agent against Chromolaena odorata (Asteraceae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 109: 938 - 947." title="A new species of Dichrorampha (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Grapholitini) from Jamaica: A potential biocontrol agent against Chromolaena odorata (Asteraceae)" type="journal article" year="2007">Brown and Zachariades, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A0E5653AFFFDFFC9FF0CF00DFE22FA4A" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFDFFC9FF0CF00DFE22FA4A" blockId="15.[192,1441,1032,1518]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFDFFC9FF0CF00DFC88FB84" bold="true" box="[192,431,1032,1056]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Description. Egg.</emphasis>
|
||||
Translucent yellow in newly laid eggs and translucent golden-yellow before they hatch.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFDFFC9FEDDF02CFC4EFBE5" bold="true" box="[273,361,1065,1089]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Larva.</emphasis>
|
||||
Transparent yellowish-white with head dark-orange from first to fourth instar; fifth instar body not transparent; dark yellowish-white; head dark-orange. Mature larva length
|
||||
<quantity id="2F079B54FFFDFFC9FB1CF04EF878FBC6" box="[1232,1375,1099,1123]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.05" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.9" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="3.05" valueMax="3.2" valueMin="2.9">2.9–3.2 mm</quantity>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="70C42A34FFFDFFC9FABCF04FFDC2FB27" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="25.[192,275,1819,1841]" captionTargetBox="[377,1254,213,1785]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[377,1254,213,1785]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 1. Larvae of Lepidoptera pests of sapodilla. A) Dichrorampha sapodilla Heppner. B) Comotia torsicornis Dyar. C) Holcocera crassicornella Dietz. D) Zamagiria laidion (Zeller). E) Electrostrymon angelia (Hewitson). F) Phidotricha erigens Ragonot. G) Banisia myrsusalis Walker. H) Banisia argutula Whalley. I) Pyroderces badia (Hodges). J) Erinnyis ello (Linnaeus)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3676601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3676601/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFDFFC9FF34F06EFCA7FB27" bold="true" box="[248,384,1131,1155]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Pre-pupa.</emphasis>
|
||||
The same as the last instar, but thoracic segments wider and body paler.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFDFFC9FB34F06EF86FFB27" bold="true" box="[1272,1352,1131,1155]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Pupa.</emphasis>
|
||||
Yellow except for head, which is brown; some spines present dorsally on abdomen.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFDFFC9FBE2F089F9A7FB00" bold="true" box="[1070,1152,1164,1188]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Adult.</emphasis>
|
||||
Not sexually dimorphic.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFDFFC9FF0CF0ABFC4FFB61" box="[192,360,1198,1221]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Wing expanse</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<quantity id="2F079B54FFFDFFC9FEB5F0A8FF29FB61" box="[377,526,1197,1221]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.15" metricValueMax="4.7" metricValueMin="3.6" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="4.15" valueMax="4.7" valueMin="3.6">3.6–4.7 mm</quantity>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFDFFC9FDD6F0A8FF51FB60" bold="true" box="[538,630,1197,1221]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Wings.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFDFFC9FDB3F0A8FE16FB61" box="[639,817,1197,1221]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Dorsal surface</emphasis>
|
||||
: forewings narrow and long; gray with dark band angled toward apical area from middle of wing to basal third of inner margin; six to seven matte-black strigiform markings in costal area continue diagonally toward tornus, surrounded by orangish-yellow; costal margin with white borders; four apical black strigiform markings surrounded by orangish-yellow through tornus distad acute curve at radius; tornus without orangish-yellow; a large matte-dark spot with orangish-yellow on distal area of spot; speculum with five small dark spots in orangish-yellow area; matte-gray in fringe; hindwings dark-gray; fringe pale-gray.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFDFFC9FC37F176F990FA2F" box="[1019,1207,1395,1419]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Ventral surface</emphasis>
|
||||
: Both wings shiny bronze.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFDFFC9FED3F191FC48FA0F" bold="true" box="[287,367,1428,1452]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Head.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFDFFC9FEB8F191FCC0FA0F" box="[372,487,1428,1451]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Antennae</emphasis>
|
||||
: Filiform, distally brown and dark-gray, ⅓ body length.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFDFFC9FB4BF191F9F3FA0F" box="[1159,1236,1428,1451]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Vertex</emphasis>
|
||||
: Grayish-brown.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFDFFC9FF0CF1B0FC68FA69" box="[192,335,1461,1485]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Mouthparts</emphasis>
|
||||
: Palps small pale brownish-gray.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFDFFC9FD3AF1B0FE63FA68" bold="true" box="[758,836,1461,1485]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Body.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFDFFC9FC81F1B0F972FA69" box="[845,1109,1461,1485]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Thorax and abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: Brownish-gray above and pale-gray below.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFDFFC9FE5CF1D3FCE0FA49" box="[400,455,1494,1517]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Legs</emphasis>
|
||||
: Brownish-gray (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="70C42A34FFFDFFC9FD57F1D3FFDFFA4A" box="[667,760,1494,1518]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="26.[192,275,1790,1812]" captionTargetBox="[379,1254,213,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[379,1254,213,1756]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 2. Adults of Lepidoptera pests of sapodilla. The unlabeled images in the top half of the figure are to scale, whereas the labeled images in the bottom half of the figure have been resized. A) Dichrorampha sapodilla Heppner. B) Comotia torsicornis Dyar. C) Holcocera crassicornella Dietz. D) Zamagiria laidion (Zeller). E) Pyroderces badia (Hodges). F) Phidotricha erigens Ragonot. G) Banisia myrsusalis Walker. H) Banisia argutula Whalley. I) Electrostrymon angelia (Hewitson). J) Erinnyis ello (Linnaeus)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3676603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3676603/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A0E5653AFFFDFFC9FF0CF203FF4EF9E4" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFDFFC9FF0CF203FF4EF9E4" blockId="15.[192,1440,1542,1600]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFDFFC9FF0CF203FC54F9BA" bold="true" box="[192,371,1542,1566]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFDFFC9FEB5F203FF83F9BA" authorityName="Heppner. B" authorityYear="1981" box="[377,676,1542,1566]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Dichrorampha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sapodilla">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFDFFC9FEB5F203FF83F9BA" box="[377,676,1542,1566]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Dichrorampha sapodilla</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is native to the
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFFDFFC9FCABF202FE83F9BB" box="[871,932,1543,1567]" name="United States of America" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
. It has only been found it in south
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="2A3BF853FFFDFFC9FA8BF202F887F9BB" box="[1351,1440,1543,1567]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFDFFC9FF04F22DFC5EF9E4" author="Heppner" box="[200,377,1576,1600]" firstAuthor="Heppner" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" pagination="271 - 276" refId="ref14425" refString="Heppner, J. B. 1981. Two New Dichrorampha (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from Florida. The Florida Entomologist 64: 271 - 276." type="journal article" year="1981">Heppner 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFDFFC9FE49F22DFF7BF9E4" author="Myers, L. & J. E. Pena & R. Duncan & J. B. Heppner" box="[389,604,1576,1600]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" pagination="10 - 13" part="121" refId="ref16182" refString="Myers, L., J. E. Pena, R. Duncan, and J. B. Heppner. 2008. Microlepidoptera complex affecting sapodilla (Manilkara zapota van Royen) in Florida. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society 121: 10 - 13." title="Microlepidoptera complex affecting sapodilla (Manilkara zapota van Royen) in Florida" type="journal article" year="2008">Myers et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A0E5653AFFFDFFD6FF0CF25CFF6CFE66" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFDFFC9FF0CF25CF811F9D5" blockId="15.[192,1334,1624,1649]" box="[192,1334,1624,1649]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFDFFC9FF0CF25CFC32F9D5" bold="true" box="[192,277,1625,1649]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Hosts.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFDFFC9FED0F25DFCD0F9D4" box="[284,503,1624,1648]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Manilkara" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zapota">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFDFFC9FED0F25DFCD0F9D4" box="[284,503,1624,1648]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Manilkara zapota</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(L.) van Royen recorded by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFDFFC9FC81F25CF92AF9D5" author="Heppner" box="[845,1037,1625,1649]" firstAuthor="Heppner" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" pagination="271 - 276" refId="ref14425" refString="Heppner, J. B. 1981. Two New Dichrorampha (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from Florida. The Florida Entomologist 64: 271 - 276." type="journal article" year="1981">Heppner (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFDFFC9FB85F25CF815F9D5" author="Myers, L. & J. E. Pena & R. Duncan & J. B. Heppner" box="[1097,1330,1625,1649]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" pagination="10 - 13" part="121" refId="ref16182" refString="Myers, L., J. E. Pena, R. Duncan, and J. B. Heppner. 2008. Microlepidoptera complex affecting sapodilla (Manilkara zapota van Royen) in Florida. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society 121: 10 - 13." title="Microlepidoptera complex affecting sapodilla (Manilkara zapota van Royen) in Florida" type="journal article" year="2008">Myers et al. (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFDFFC9FF0CF28FFC76F8A1" blockId="15.[192,1441,1673,1929]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFDFFC9FF0CF28FFCBDF905" bold="true" box="[192,410,1673,1698]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Natural history.</emphasis>
|
||||
The adults have been observed flying year-round in
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="2A3BF853FFFDFFC9FBC6F28FF944F906" box="[1034,1123,1674,1698]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFDFFC9FBBDF28FF801F906" author="Heppner" box="[1137,1318,1674,1698]" firstAuthor="Heppner" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" pagination="271 - 276" refId="ref14425" refString="Heppner, J. B. 1981. Two New Dichrorampha (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from Florida. The Florida Entomologist 64: 271 - 276." type="journal article" year="1981">Heppner, 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Females lay eggs on the petals and sepals of mature flowers. Upon hatching, the neonate larva bores into the flowers and eat the petals and the base of the pistil. The duration of larval development ranges from 12–16 days.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFDFFC9FF24F30BF99DF82D" blockId="15.[192,1441,1673,1929]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
Pupation takes place inside of the sepals where the larva makes a silken cocoon utilizing its excrement. The duration of the pupal stage is close to 15–17 days. Adult moths usually feed on nectar from flowers and also drink water; however, the feeding habits of adult moths of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFDFFC9FB86F34AF9C1F8C3" baseAuthorityName="Heppner" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[1098,1254,1871,1895]" genus="The" pageId="15" pageNumber="2" rank="species" species="sapodilla">the sapodilla</taxonomicName>
|
||||
pod borer have not been studied. This species has been observed only in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFDFFC9FCBBF375F991F82D" authority="(Heppner, 1981)" baseAuthorityName="Heppner" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[887,1206,1904,1929]" genus="The" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" rank="species" species="sapodilla">
|
||||
sapodilla (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFDFFC9FC39F374F98AF82D" author="Heppner" box="[1013,1197,1905,1929]" firstAuthor="Heppner" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" pagination="271 - 276" refId="ref14425" refString="Heppner, J. B. 1981. Two New Dichrorampha (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from Florida. The Florida Entomologist 64: 271 - 276." type="journal article" year="1981">Heppner, 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFE2FFD6FF0CF4DCF9A9FE95" blockId="16.[192,1440,217,305]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFE2FFD6FF0CF4DCFC10FF55" bold="true" box="[192,311,217,241]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Damage.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFE2FFD6FEF3F4DCFCE4FF55" box="[319,451,217,241]" genus="The" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" rank="species" species="larvae">The larvae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
feed on mature flowers only, mainly on the petals and the base of pistil, damag- ing several flowers until they complete larval development and begin pupation. The petals in damaged flowers turn reddish brown, dry and die. This moth can cause significant losses.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFE2FFD6FF0CF54CFF6CFE66" blockId="16.[192,1440,329,450]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFE2FFD6FF0CF54CFC5EFEC5" bold="true" box="[192,377,329,353]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Management.</emphasis>
|
||||
Currently just one parasitoid, an unidentified species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFE2FFD6FBE7F54FF9A5FEC5" box="[1067,1154,330,353]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Bracon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFE2FFD6FBE7F54FF9A5FEC5" box="[1067,1154,330,353]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Bracon</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, has been found associated with larvae of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFE2FFD6FE7DF56CFF68FE25" baseAuthorityName="Heppner" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[433,591,361,385]" genus="The" pageId="16" pageNumber="2" rank="species" species="sapodilla">the sapodilla</taxonomicName>
|
||||
pod borer. There are other natural enemies (e.g.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFE2FFD6FB7CF56CFCE1FE05" authority="(Linnaeus))" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Gasteracantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cancriformis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFE2FFD6FB7CF56CFC09FE05" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Gasteracantha cancriformis</emphasis>
|
||||
(Linnaeus))
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Potential insecticides for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFE2FFD6FCC9F58CFE85FE05" baseAuthorityName="Heppner" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[773,930,393,417]" genus="The" pageId="16" pageNumber="2" rank="species" species="sapodilla">the sapodilla</taxonomicName>
|
||||
pod borer moth have not been thoroughly investigated (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFE2FFD6FEAAF5AFFF19FE66" author="Myers, L. & J. E. Pena & R. Duncan & J. B. Heppner" box="[358,574,425,450]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" pagination="10 - 13" part="121" refId="ref16182" refString="Myers, L., J. E. Pena, R. Duncan, and J. B. Heppner. 2008. Microlepidoptera complex affecting sapodilla (Manilkara zapota van Royen) in Florida. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society 121: 10 - 13." title="Microlepidoptera complex affecting sapodilla (Manilkara zapota van Royen) in Florida" type="journal article" year="2008">Myers et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
423
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Normal file
423
data/60/56/87/605687A7FFFEFFCBFF0CF76FFC44FD38.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,423 @@
|
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<mods:title id="CD36156C768E1D9188F8AA3D613FEBB5">Lepidoptera pests of sapodilla (Manilkara zapota (L.) van Royen) in south Florida, with some comments on life history and natural control</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFF0CF76FFC49FC26" bold="true" box="[192,366,874,898]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Erinnyis ello</emphasis>
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(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFEFFCAFEB2F76FFF69FC26" author="Linnaeus" box="[382,590,874,898]" firstAuthor="Linnaeus" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 824" refId="ref15410" refString="Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Halae Magdebvrgicae; Stockholm. 1 - 824 p." type="book chapter" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
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)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFEFFCAFF0CF79CFF2CFC0B" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[192,523,921,943]" class="Insecta" genus="Anceryx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ello">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFF0CF79CFC62FC0A" box="[192,325,921,942]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Anceryx ello</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="695E10A0FFFEFFCAFE98F79CFF24FC0B" author="Linnaeus" box="[340,515,921,943]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" year="1758">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFEFFCAFE98F79CFF24FC0B" author="Linnaeus" box="[340,515,921,943]" firstAuthor="Linnaeus" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 824" refId="ref15410" refString="Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Halae Magdebvrgicae; Stockholm. 1 - 824 p." type="book chapter" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="695E10A0FFFEFFCAFDD8F79CFF81FC0B" author="Walker" box="[532,678,921,943]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" year="1856">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFEFFCAFDD8F79CFF81FC0B" author="Walker, F." box="[532,678,921,943]" journalOrPublisher="List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Heterocera" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" pagination="224 - 225" refId="ref18131" refString="Walker, F. 1856. Sphingidae. List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Heterocera Series 2: 224 - 225." title="Sphingidae" type="book chapter" year="1856">Walker, 1856</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFEFFCAFF0CF7B3FE41FC6F" blockId="12.[192,870,921,1029]" box="[192,870,950,972]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="C8EF119FFFFEFFCAFF0CF7B3FE41FC6F" box="[192,870,950,972]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFEFFCAFF0CF7B3FF1CFC68" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[192,571,950,972]" class="Insecta" genus="Dilophonota" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ello">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFF0CF7B3FC52FC6F" box="[192,373,950,971]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Dilophonota ello</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="695E10A0FFFEFFCAFE48F7B3FF14FC68" author="Linnaeus" box="[388,563,950,972]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" year="1758">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFEFFCAFE48F7B3FF14FC68" author="Linnaeus" box="[388,563,950,972]" firstAuthor="Linnaeus" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 824" refId="ref15410" refString="Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Halae Magdebvrgicae; Stockholm. 1 - 824 p." type="book chapter" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="695E10A0FFFEFFCAFD89F7B3FE41FC6F" author="Godman & Salvin" box="[581,870,950,972]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" year="1881">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFEFFCAFD89F7B3FE41FC6F" author="Godman and Salvin" box="[581,870,950,972]" firstAuthor="Godman" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" refId="ref14272" refString="Godman, F. D., and O. Salvin. 1881. 1. Dilophonota ello. In: H. Druce. Biologia Centrali-Americana. Insecta. Lepidoptera-Heterocera. Vol. I. R. H. Porter; London, United Kingdom. xxxi + 490 p." type="book" year="1881">Godman and Salvin, 1881</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFEFFCAFF0CF7D6FCD2FC4C" blockId="12.[192,870,921,1029]" box="[192,501,979,1001]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="C8EF119FFFFEFFCAFF0CF7D6FCD2FC4C" box="[192,501,979,1001]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFEFFCAFF0CF7D6FCD2FC4C" authority="Zikan, 1934" authorityName="Zikan" authorityYear="1934" box="[192,501,979,1001]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Sphinx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinifera">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFF0CF7D6FC4FFC4C" box="[192,360,979,1000]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Sphinx cinifera</emphasis>
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="695E10A0FFFEFFCAFEA3F7D6FCD2FC4C" author="Zikán" box="[367,501,979,1001]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" year="1934">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFEFFCAFEA3F7D6FCD2FC4C" author="Zikan, J. F." box="[367,501,979,1001]" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Entomologia" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" pagination="157 - 162" part="4" refId="ref18526" refString="Zikan, J. F. 1934. Drei neue Lepidopteren aus Brasilien. Revista de Entomologia 4: 157 - 162." title="Drei neue Lepidopteren aus Brasilien" type="journal article" year="1934">Zikán, 1934</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFEFFCAFF0CF7F5FF25FBA1" blockId="12.[192,870,921,1029]" box="[192,514,1008,1029]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="C8EF119FFFFEFFCAFF0CF7F5FF25FBA1" box="[192,514,1008,1029]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFEFFCAFF0CF7F5FF25FBA1" authority="Mooser, 1942" authorityName="Mooser" authorityYear="1942" box="[192,514,1008,1029]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Sphinx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="omorfia">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFF0CF7F5FC4EFBA1" box="[192,361,1008,1029]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Sphinx omorfia</emphasis>
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="695E10A0FFFEFFCAFEBDF7F5FF25FBA1" author="Mooser" box="[369,514,1008,1029]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" year="1942">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFEFFCAFEBDF7F5FF25FBA1" author="Mooser, O." box="[369,514,1008,1029]" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Instituto de Biologia" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" pagination="205 - 211" part="13" refId="ref16131" refString="Mooser, O. 1942. Esfingidos nuevos de Mexico (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae). Anales del Instituto de Biologia 13: 205 - 211." title="Esfingidos nuevos de Mexico (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae)" type="journal article" year="1942">Mooser, 1942</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A0E5653AFFFEFFCAFF24F01BF87BFB92" box="[232,1372,1054,1078]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFEFFCAFF24F01BF87BFB92" blockId="12.[232,1372,1054,1078]" box="[232,1372,1054,1078]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFEFFCAFF24F01BFC89FB92" author="Linnaeus" box="[232,430,1054,1078]" firstAuthor="Linnaeus" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 824" refId="ref15410" refString="Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Halae Magdebvrgicae; Stockholm. 1 - 824 p." type="book chapter" year="1758">Linnaeus (1758)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
described
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFEFFCAFDFDF01AFFE9FB92" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[561,718,1054,1078]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Erinnyis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ello">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFDFDF01AFFE9FB92" box="[561,718,1054,1078]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Erinnyis ello</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from his own material in the collection of the MLUR.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A0E5653AFFFEFFCAFF0CF04BFE13FA03" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFEFFCAFF0CF04BFE13FA03" blockId="12.[192,1440,1102,1448]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFF0CF04BFC8CFBC2" bold="true" box="[192,427,1102,1126]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Description. Egg.</emphasis>
|
||||
Circular and pale green, changing to pale yellow before hatching.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFB0EF04BF83BFBC2" bold="true" box="[1218,1308,1102,1126]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Larva.</emphasis>
|
||||
All instars usually green, sometimes brown depending on food. The main characteristic of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFEFFCAFB55F06AF9C0FB22" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1177,1255,1134,1158]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Erinnyis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ello">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFB55F06AF9C0FB22" box="[1177,1255,1134,1158]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">E. ello</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
larvae is a big eyespot on the dorsal thorax that is divided by a thin vertical line (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="70C42A34FFFEFFCAFC39F08AF96EFB03" box="[1013,1097,1167,1191]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="25.[192,275,1819,1841]" captionTargetBox="[377,1254,213,1785]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[377,1254,213,1785]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 1. Larvae of Lepidoptera pests of sapodilla. A) Dichrorampha sapodilla Heppner. B) Comotia torsicornis Dyar. C) Holcocera crassicornella Dietz. D) Zamagiria laidion (Zeller). E) Electrostrymon angelia (Hewitson). F) Phidotricha erigens Ragonot. G) Banisia myrsusalis Walker. H) Banisia argutula Whalley. I) Pyroderces badia (Hodges). J) Erinnyis ello (Linnaeus)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3676601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3676601/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Fig. 1J</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFBADF08AF9CEFB03" bold="true" box="[1121,1257,1167,1191]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Pre-pupa.</emphasis>
|
||||
Similar to last instar but paler and wider.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFDDEF0ABFF41FB62" bold="true" box="[530,614,1198,1222]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Adult.</emphasis>
|
||||
Sexually dimorphic, male thinner with a black, medial uneven line on forewings extending from basal to apical area, female completely pale-gray, but similar size.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFAACF0CAFC38FAA2" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Wing expanse</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<quantity id="2F079B54FFFEFFCAFEE2F0EAFCF9FAA2" box="[302,478,1263,1287]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.025" metricValueMax="8.66" metricValueMin="7.39" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="80.25" valueMax="86.6" valueMin="73.9">73.9–86.6 mm</quantity>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFE25F0EBFF63FAA2" bold="true" box="[489,580,1262,1286]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Wings.</emphasis>
|
||||
Very narrow.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFD38F0EAFE83FAA3" box="[756,932,1263,1287]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Dorsal surface</emphasis>
|
||||
: Forewings completely whitish-gray with dark-gray and brown strigiform markings. Hindwings orange with a grayish-black wide line in outer margin.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFEE7F12AFCCFFAE3" box="[299,488,1327,1351]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Ventral surface</emphasis>
|
||||
: Both wings pale-brown with brown strigiform markings.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFB07F12AF83CFAE2" bold="true" box="[1227,1307,1327,1351]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Head.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFAE9F12AF8BFFAE2" box="[1317,1432,1327,1350]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Antennae</emphasis>
|
||||
: Whitish-gray; moderately clubbed.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFD4CF155FFE9FAC3" box="[640,718,1360,1383]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Vertex</emphasis>
|
||||
: Grayish-brown.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFC61F14AF919FAC3" box="[941,1086,1359,1383]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Mouthparts</emphasis>
|
||||
: Labial palps small.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFA9DF14AF887FAC2" bold="true" box="[1361,1440,1359,1383]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Body.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFF0CF16AFC3FFA23" box="[192,280,1391,1415]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Completely gray, without markings.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFD2BF16AFE7DFA23" box="[743,858,1391,1415]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: Gray with horizontal black lines and a median gray line dividing those.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFE23F195FF01FA03" box="[495,550,1424,1447]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Legs</emphasis>
|
||||
: Pale brown (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="70C42A34FFFEFFCAFD03F18AFE01FA03" box="[719,806,1423,1447]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="26.[192,275,1790,1812]" captionTargetBox="[379,1254,213,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[379,1254,213,1756]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 2. Adults of Lepidoptera pests of sapodilla. The unlabeled images in the top half of the figure are to scale, whereas the labeled images in the bottom half of the figure have been resized. A) Dichrorampha sapodilla Heppner. B) Comotia torsicornis Dyar. C) Holcocera crassicornella Dietz. D) Zamagiria laidion (Zeller). E) Pyroderces badia (Hodges). F) Phidotricha erigens Ragonot. G) Banisia myrsusalis Walker. H) Banisia argutula Whalley. I) Electrostrymon angelia (Hewitson). J) Erinnyis ello (Linnaeus)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3676603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3676603/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Fig. 2J</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A0E5653AFFFEFFCAFF0CF1BAF9FAF993" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFEFFCAFF0CF1BAF9FAF993" blockId="12.[192,1440,1471,1592]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFF0CF1BAFC54FA73" bold="true" box="[192,371,1471,1495]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFEFFCAFEB6F1C5FF30FA73" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[378,535,1471,1495]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Erinnyis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ello">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFEB6F1C5FF30FA73" box="[378,535,1471,1495]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Erinnyis ello</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was incorrectly noted as occurring in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFFEFFCAFC27F1BAF90BFA73" box="[1003,1068,1471,1495]" name="India" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">India</collectingCountry>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFEFFCAFB95F1BAF802FA73" author="Linnaeus" box="[1113,1317,1471,1495]" firstAuthor="Linnaeus" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 824" refId="ref15410" refString="Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Halae Magdebvrgicae; Stockholm. 1 - 824 p." type="book chapter" year="1758">Linnaeus (1758)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. This species is native to the Americas. It has been found in the
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFFEFFCAFCAAF1E5FE84FA5C" box="[870,931,1504,1528]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFFEFFCAFC62F1DAF920FA53" box="[942,1031,1503,1527]" name="Mexico" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFFEFFCAFBDFF1E5F95CFA53" box="[1043,1147,1504,1527]" name="Panama" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFFEFFCAFB44F1E5F828FA53" box="[1160,1295,1503,1528]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFFEFFCAFAD7F1DAFC09F9BC" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Dominican Republic</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, West Indies, French Antilles,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFFEFFCAFD6BF205FE8DF9BC" box="[679,938,1536,1560]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Trinidad and Tobago</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFFEFFCAFC7AF205F938F9BC" box="[950,1055,1536,1560]" name="Ecuador" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFFEFFCAFBE6F205F98EF9BC" box="[1066,1193,1536,1560]" name="Argentina" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFFEFFCAFB27F205F811F9BC" box="[1259,1334,1536,1560]" name="Brazil" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFEFFCAFA89F205FDD9F993" author="Walker, F." journalOrPublisher="List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Heterocera" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" pagination="224 - 225" refId="ref18131" refString="Walker, F. 1856. Sphingidae. List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Heterocera Series 2: 224 - 225." title="Sphingidae" type="book chapter" year="1856">Walker 1856</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFEFFCAFEC6F225FF65F99C" author="Godman and Salvin" box="[266,578,1568,1592]" firstAuthor="Godman" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" refId="ref14272" refString="Godman, F. D., and O. Salvin. 1881. 1. Dilophonota ello. In: H. Druce. Biologia Centrali-Americana. Insecta. Lepidoptera-Heterocera. Vol. I. R. H. Porter; London, United Kingdom. xxxi + 490 p." type="book" year="1881">Godman and Salvin 1881</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFEFFCAFD82F225FE0AF993" accessDate="2015-10-06" author="Zagatti, P. & B. Lalanne-Cassou & J. Duchat-d'Aubigny" box="[590,813,1567,1592]" journalOrPublisher="Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" publicationUrl="http://www7.inra.fr/papillon/indexeng.htm" refId="ref18440" refString="Zagatti, P., B. Lalanne-Cassou, and J. Duchat-d'Aubigny. 1995 - 2006. The Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of the French Antilles. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique. Available at http: // www 7. inra. fr / papillon / indexeng. htm. (Last accessed October 6 2015)." title="The Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of the French Antilles" type="url" year="1995">
|
||||
Zagatti et al.
|
||||
<date id="9C411071FFFEFFCAFD3FF21AFE0AF993" box="[755,813,1567,1591]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" value="1995" valueMax="2006">1995</date>
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
–2006;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFEFFCAFC4AF225F9F6F993" author="Lotts and Naberhaus" box="[902,1233,1567,1592]" firstAuthor="Lotts" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" refId="ref15459" refString="Lotts, K. and T. Naberhaus. 2015. Butterflies and Moths of North America. Available at http: // www. butterfliesandmoths. org /. (Last accessed July 12, 2015.)" type="url" year="2015">Lotts and Naberhaus 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A0E5653AFFFEFFCBFF0CF255FC44FD38" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFEFFCAFF0CF255FE6AF82D" blockId="12.[192,1440,1615,1929]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFF0CF255FC33F9CC" bold="true" box="[192,276,1616,1640]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Hosts.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFEFFCAFED5F24AFF05F9C3" box="[281,546,1615,1639]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Allamanda" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cathartica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFED5F24AFF05F9C3" box="[281,546,1615,1639]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Allamanda cathartica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L. (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFEFFCAFD81F255FFC9F9CC" box="[589,750,1616,1640]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Apocynaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
);
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFEFFCAFD32F255F9CFF9CC" authority="Brot." authorityName="Brot." box="[766,1256,1615,1640]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Araujia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sericofera">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFD32F255FEF3F9C3" box="[766,980,1615,1639]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Araujia sericofera</emphasis>
|
||||
Brot. (Asclepiadaceae)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFEFFCAFB3DF255F8B8F9C3" box="[1265,1439,1616,1639]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caricaceae" genus="Carica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Capparales" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="papaya">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFB3DF255F8B8F9C3" box="[1265,1439,1616,1639]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Carica papaya</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L. (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFEFFCAFF26F275FC53F92C" authorityName="Dumortier" authorityYear="1829" box="[234,372,1648,1672]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caricaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Capparales" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Caricaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
);
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFEFFCAFE46F26AFE23F923" authority="Torr." authorityName="Torr." box="[394,772,1647,1671]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Cnidoscolus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustidens">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFE46F26AFF9DF923" box="[394,698,1647,1671]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Cnidoscolus angustidens</emphasis>
|
||||
Torr.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFEFFCAFCDEF26AF9A1F92C" authority="Boiss." authorityName="Boiss." box="[786,1158,1647,1672]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gymnoclada">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFCDEF26AF915F923" box="[786,1074,1647,1671]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Euphorbia gymnoclada</emphasis>
|
||||
Boiss.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFEFFCAFB58F275F85FF92C" authority="Aiton" authorityName="Aiton" authorityYear="1789" box="[1172,1400,1648,1672]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="prostrata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFB58F275F80EF923" box="[1172,1321,1648,1671]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">E. prostrata</emphasis>
|
||||
Aiton
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFEFFCAFA49F275FF65F90C" authority="Willd. ex Klotzsch" authorityName="Klotzsch" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulcherrima">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFA49F275FC70F903" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">E. pulcherrima</emphasis>
|
||||
Willd. ex Klotzsch
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFEFFCAFD83F295FE55F90C" authority="Murray" authorityName="Murray" authorityYear="1786" box="[591,882,1679,1704]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cyathophora">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFD83F295FE2EF903" box="[591,777,1679,1703]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">E. cyathophora</emphasis>
|
||||
Murray
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFEFFCAFCB3F295F91DF903" box="[895,1082,1679,1703]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="heterophylla">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFCB3F295F91DF903" box="[895,1082,1679,1703]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">E. heterophylla</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L.,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFEFFCAFBA7F295FC5FF96C" authority="(Jacq.) Dugand" authorityName="Dugand" baseAuthorityName="Jacq." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mesembrianthemifolia">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFBA7F295F887F903" box="[1131,1440,1679,1703]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">E. mesembrianthemifolia</emphasis>
|
||||
(Jacq.) Dugand
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFEFFCAFE4EF2B5FFFFF963" authority="Mull. Arg." authorityName="Mull. Arg." box="[386,728,1712,1736]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Hevea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFE4EF2B5FF7CF96C" box="[386,603,1712,1736]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Hevea brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||||
Müll. Arg.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFEFFCAFD2AF2B5F99CF96C" authority="(Mill.) Mull. Arg." authorityName="Mull. Arg." baseAuthorityName="Mill." box="[742,1211,1712,1736]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Jatropha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gossypiifolia">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFD2AF2B5FED7F96C" box="[742,1008,1712,1736]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Jatropha gossypiifolia</emphasis>
|
||||
(Mill.) Müll.Arg.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFEFFCAFB08F2B5FC3FF94C" authority="Crantz" authorityName="Crantz" authorityYear="1766" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Manihot" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="esculenta">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFB08F2B5F887F96C" box="[1220,1440,1712,1736]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Manihot esculenta</emphasis>
|
||||
Crantz
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFEFFCAFEEAF2D5FFCDF94C" authority="(Mull. Arg.) Allem" authorityName="Allem" baseAuthorityName="Mull. Arg." box="[294,746,1744,1768]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Manihot" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carthaginensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFEEAF2D5FF24F94C" box="[294,515,1744,1768]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">M. carthaginensis</emphasis>
|
||||
(Müll.Arg.) Allem
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFEFFCAFD34F2D5FEFBF943" box="[760,988,1744,1767]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Ricinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Malpighiales" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="communis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFD34F2D5FEFBF943" box="[760,988,1744,1767]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Ricinus communis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L.,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFEFFCAFBDCF2D5F84FF94C" authority="Lundell" authorityName="Lundell" box="[1040,1384,1744,1768]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Sebastiana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confusa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFBDCF2D5F9D8F94C" box="[1040,1279,1744,1768]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Sebastiana confusa</emphasis>
|
||||
Lundell
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFEFFCAFF0CF2F5FFF2F8AC" authority="Jacq." authorityName="Jacq." box="[192,725,1776,1800]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Sapium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aucuparium">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFF0CF2F5FC9AF8A3" box="[192,445,1776,1799]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Sapium aucuparium</emphasis>
|
||||
Jacq. (Euphorbiaceae)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFEFFCAFD2DF2F5FE90F8AC" box="[737,951,1776,1800]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Arachis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hypogaea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFD2DF2F5FE90F8AC" box="[737,951,1776,1800]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Arachis hypogaea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L. (Leguminosae);
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFEFFCAFB6DF2F5FC74F88C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Gossypium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirsutum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFB6DF2F5F887F8AC" box="[1185,1440,1776,1800]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Gossypium hirsutum</emphasis>
|
||||
(Malvaceae)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFEFFCAFE91F315FF00F88C" box="[349,551,1808,1832]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Psidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guajava">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFE91F315FF00F88C" box="[349,551,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Psidium guajava</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L. (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFEFFCAFD9EF315FFF3F88C" box="[594,724,1808,1832]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
);
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFEFFCAFD2AF315F93CF88C" box="[742,1051,1808,1832]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Chrysophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oliviforme">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFD2AF315F93CF88C" box="[742,1051,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Chrysophyllum oliviforme</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L.,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFEFFCAFB89F315FC07F8EC" authority="(Mart.) Dubard" authorityName="Dubard" authorityYear="1915" baseAuthorityName="Mart." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Manilkara" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subsericea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFB89F315F861F88C" box="[1093,1350,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Manilkara subsericea</emphasis>
|
||||
(Mart.) Dubard
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFEFFCAFEE7F334FC85F8EC" box="[299,418,1841,1864]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Manilkara" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zapota">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFEE7F334FC85F8EC" box="[299,418,1841,1864]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">M. zapota</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(L.) van Royen,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFEFFCAFDA9F335F91CF8EC" authority="(Kunth) Penn" authorityName="Penn" baseAuthorityName="Kunth" box="[613,1083,1840,1864]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Sideroxylon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="celastrinum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFDA9F335FEABF8EC" box="[613,908,1840,1864]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Sideroxylon celastrinum</emphasis>
|
||||
(Kunth) Penn
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFEFFCAFB8AF335F9D1F8EC" box="[1094,1270,1840,1864]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Sideroxylon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salicifolium">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFB8AF335F9D1F8EC" box="[1094,1270,1840,1864]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">S. salicifolium</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(L.) Lam. and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFEFFCAFF0CF355FF95F8CC" authority="(Standl.) Penn." authorityName="Penn." baseAuthorityName="Standl." box="[192,690,1872,1896]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Sideroxylon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tepicense">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFF0CF355FC6BF8CC" box="[192,332,1872,1896]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">S. tepicense</emphasis>
|
||||
(Standl.) Penn. (Sapotaceae)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFEFFCAFD72F355FEF4F8CC" box="[702,979,1872,1896]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycopersicum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFEFFCAFD72F355FEF4F8CC" box="[702,979,1872,1896]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Solanum lycopersicum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L. (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFEFFCAFBCFF355F9AAF8CC" box="[1027,1165,1872,1896]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Solanaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFEFFCAFB69F355FDD9F82D" author="Bernays, E. A. & D. H. Janzen" journalOrPublisher="Ecology" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" pagination="1153 - 1160" part="69" refId="ref12801" refString="Bernays, E. A., and D. H. Janzen. 1988. Saturniid and sphingid caterpillars: Two ways to eat leaves. Ecology 69: 1153 - 1160." title="Saturniid and sphingid caterpillars: Two ways to eat leaves" type="journal article" year="1988">Bernays and Janzen 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFEFFCAFEC6F374FCEBF82C" author="Coto" box="[266,460,1904,1929]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Coto" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" refId="ref13532" refString="Coto, D., J. L. Saunders, C. L. Vargas, and A. B. King. 1995. Plagas invertebradas de cultivos tropicales con enfasis en America Central: un inventario (No. 12). CATIE; Turrialba, Costa Rica. 203 p." type="book" year="1995">Coto et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFEFFCAFE1BF375FFA9F82D" author="Robinson, G. S." box="[471,654,1904,1929]" journalOrPublisher="Nota Lepidopterologica" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" pagination="35 - 47" part="22" refId="ref17139" refString="Robinson, G. S. 1999. HOSTS-a database of the hostplants of the world's Lepidoptera. Nota Lepidopterologica 22: 35 - 47." title="HOSTS-a database of the hostplants of the world's Lepidoptera" type="journal article" year="1999">Robinson 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFEFFCAFD56F375FE66F82D" author="Jenkins" box="[666,833,1904,1929]" firstAuthor="Jenkins" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" refId="ref14952" refString="Jenkins, D. 2012. Erinnyis ello: a story about a pretty caterpillar, its host range, its parasitoids and parasitoids of its parasitoids. Entomology Lab PR. Available at http: // entomologylabpr. blogspot. com / 2012 / 10 / erinnyis-ello-story-about-pretty. html? vi ew = classic. (Last accessed November 16, 2015.)" type="url" year="2012">Jenkins 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFFFFCBFF0CF4DCF833FE97" blockId="13.[192,1441,217,308]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFFFFCBFF0CF4DCFCBAFF55" bold="true" box="[192,413,217,241]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Natural history.</emphasis>
|
||||
The adults are active all year, especially in spring and summer (March-September). Females lay eggs primarily on leaf buds or leaves. Larvae hatch five days later and feed on leaves. Larval development takes 19–28 days. The pupal stage occurs underground and lasts 27–29 days.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFFFFCBFF0CF549F8AFFE02" blockId="13.[192,1440,332,422]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFFFFCBFF0CF549FC10FEC0" bold="true" box="[192,311,332,356]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Damage.</emphasis>
|
||||
The larva chews the leaf buds and the leaves at any stage. The damage can be easily detected because this species does not consume the entire leaf. Therefore, the plants attacked by
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFFFFCBFB01F568F830FE21" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1229,1303,365,389]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Erinnyis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ello">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFFFFCBFB01F568F830FE21" box="[1229,1303,365,389]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">E. ello</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
have many chewed leaves similar to other sphingid larvae. Leaf damage can be extensive, weakening the plant.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFFFFCBFF0CF5BAFC44FD38" blockId="13.[192,1440,446,668]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFFFFCBFF0CF5BAFC5EFE73" bold="true" box="[192,377,447,471]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Management.</emphasis>
|
||||
Control of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFFFFCBFDC7F5BAFF7CFE72" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[523,603,446,470]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Erinnyis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ello">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFFFFCBFDC7F5BAFF7CFE72" box="[523,603,446,470]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">E. ello</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has been studied for many years. Growers initially used chemical pesticides, but due to uncontrolled use almost all are ineffective today. Currently there are many parasitoids (e.g.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFFFFCBFE45F605FFD8FDBD" authority="Riley" authorityName="Riley" authorityYear="1871" box="[393,767,512,537]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Trichogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFFFFCBFE45F605FF9EFDBC" box="[393,697,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Trichogramma minutum</emphasis>
|
||||
Riley
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFFFFCBFCF7F605F9F9FDBD" authority="Cameron" authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1913" box="[827,1246,512,537]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Telenomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dilophonotae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFFFFCBFCF7F605F944FDBC" box="[827,1123,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Telenomus dilophonotae</emphasis>
|
||||
Cameron
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), predators (e.g.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFFFFCBFF0CF624FF6DFD9D" authority="(Linnaeus))" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" box="[192,586,545,569]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadiensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFFFFCBFF0CF624FC93FD9D" box="[192,436,545,569]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Polistes canadiensis</emphasis>
|
||||
(Linnaeus))
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, nematodes and viruses (e.g.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFFFFCBFC63F624F98BFD9D" box="[943,1196,545,569]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Baculovirus erinnyis</emphasis>
|
||||
Bellotti, Reyes, and Arias) used as biological control that have had better results (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFFFFCBFC63F647F9B3FDFE" author="Bellotti, A. C. & B. Arias & O. L. Guzman" box="[943,1172,578,602]" journalOrPublisher="Florida Entomologist" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" pagination="506 - 515" part="75" refId="ref12684" refString="Bellotti, A. C., B. Arias, and O. L. Guzman. 1992. Biological control of the cassava hornworm Erinnyis ello (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae). Florida Entomologist 75: 506 - 515." title="Biological control of the cassava hornworm Erinnyis ello (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)" type="journal article" year="1992">Bellotti et al. 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFFFFCBFB53F646FC03FDDF" author="Da Silva-Carvalho & R. Ringenberg & V. Pietrowski" bookContentInfo="30 p." journalOrPublisher="Cruz das Almas: Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura; Cruz das Almas, Brazil" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" refId="ref13162" refString="Da Silva-Carvalho R., R. Ringenberg, and V. Pietrowski. 2015. Controle biologico do mandarova da mandioca Erinnyis ello. Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura-Folder / Folheto / Cartilha (INFOTECA-E). Cruz das Almas: Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura; Cruz das Almas, Brazil. 30 p." title="Controle biologico do mandarova da mandioca Erinnyis ello. Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura-Folder / Folheto / Cartilha (INFOTECA-E)" type="book" year="2015">Da Silva-Carvalho et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). In addition, some spider species, such as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFFFFCBFCE6F666F9A4FDDF" authority="(Linnaeus)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1767" box="[810,1155,611,635]" class="Arachnida" family="Nephilidae" genus="Nephila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavipes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFFFFCBFCE6F666FED3FDDF" box="[810,1012,611,635]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Nephila clavipes</emphasis>
|
||||
(Linnaeus)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, play an important role in its control.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
218
data/60/56/87/605687A7FFFFFFC8FF0CF753F9B5FE42.xml
Normal file
218
data/60/56/87/605687A7FFFFFFC8FF0CF753F9B5FE42.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
|
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<mods:title id="A252E79DFE07F3E5320F75A5E48DA6E4">Lepidoptera pests of sapodilla (Manilkara zapota (L.) van Royen) in south Florida, with some comments on life history and natural control</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="948A2274351B0921CC4F82EAC5C9366F">Crane, Jonathan H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FFF34E74508667423B2EC7390AD9D25D">Wasielewski, Jeff</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="605687A7FFFFFFC8FF0CF753F9B5FE42" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3681467" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162233500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3681467" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:605687A7FFFFFFC8FF0CF753F9B5FE42" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/605687A7FFFFFFC8FF0CF753F9B5FE42" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
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|
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<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFFFFCBFF0CF753FF57FCCA" ID-CoL="68CB6" authority="Whalley, 1976" authorityName="Whalley" authorityYear="1976" box="[192,624,854,879]" class="Insecta" family="Thyrididae" genus="Banisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argutula">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFFFFCBFF0CF753FF57FCCA" bold="true" box="[192,624,854,879]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFFFFCBFF0CF753FC89FCCA" bold="true" box="[192,430,854,878]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Banisia argutula</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFFFFCBFE79F752FF57FCCA" author="Whalley, P. E. S." bookContentInfo="194 p." box="[437,624,854,879]" journalOrPublisher="British Museum Natural History. The Gresham Press; London" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" refId="ref18191" refString="Whalley, P. E. S. 1976. Tropical leaf moths: a monograph of the subfamily Striglininae (Lepidoptera: Thyrididae). British Museum Natural History. The Gresham Press; London. 194 p. + 68 pls." title="Tropical leaf moths: a monograph of the subfamily Striglininae (Lepidoptera: Thyrididae)" type="book" year="1976">Whalley, 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A0E5653AFFFFFFCBFF24F79DFCF6FB97" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFFFFCBFF24F79DFCF6FB97" blockId="13.[192,1440,919,1075]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFFFFCBFF24F79DFC9DFC0B" box="[232,442,919,943]" class="Insecta" family="Thyrididae" genus="Banisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argutula">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFFFFCBFF24F79DFC9DFC0B" box="[232,442,919,943]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Banisia argutula</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was described by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFFFFCBFD54F79DFE76FC14" author="Whalley, P. E. S." bookContentInfo="194 p." box="[664,849,920,944]" journalOrPublisher="British Museum Natural History. The Gresham Press; London" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" refId="ref18191" refString="Whalley, P. E. S. 1976. Tropical leaf moths: a monograph of the subfamily Striglininae (Lepidoptera: Thyrididae). British Museum Natural History. The Gresham Press; London. 194 p. + 68 pls." title="Tropical leaf moths: a monograph of the subfamily Striglininae (Lepidoptera: Thyrididae)" type="book" year="1976">Whalley (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
based on Le Moult and Klages specimens in the BMNH.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFFFFCBFEE5F7BCFCDAFC74" box="[297,509,952,976]" class="Insecta" family="Thyrididae" genus="Banisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argutula">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFFFFCBFEE5F7BCFCDAFC74" box="[297,509,952,976]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Banisia argutula</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has been confused with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFFFFCBFCF8F7BCF966FC75" authority="Walker" authorityName="Walker" box="[820,1089,952,977]" class="Insecta" family="Thyrididae" genus="Banisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="myrsusalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFFFFCBFCF8F7BCFEFAFC74" box="[820,989,952,976]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">B. myrsusalis</emphasis>
|
||||
Walker
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
since
|
||||
<quantity id="2F079B54FFFFFFCBFB5EF7BCF9D7FC75" box="[1170,1264,953,977]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0546" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" unit="in" value="1990.0">1990 in</quantity>
|
||||
south
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="2A3BF853FFFFFFCBFA8BF7BCF887FC75" box="[1351,1440,953,977]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFFFFCBFF04F7DFFC85FC56" author="Myers, L. & J. E. Pena & R. Duncan & J. B. Heppner" box="[200,418,985,1010]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" pagination="10 - 13" part="121" refId="ref16182" refString="Myers, L., J. E. Pena, R. Duncan, and J. B. Heppner. 2008. Microlepidoptera complex affecting sapodilla (Manilkara zapota van Royen) in Florida. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society 121: 10 - 13." title="Microlepidoptera complex affecting sapodilla (Manilkara zapota van Royen) in Florida" type="journal article" year="2008">Myers et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). It also looks similar to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFFFFCBFD1EF7DFFEE3FC56" authority="Fryer" authorityName="Fryer" authorityYear="1912" box="[722,964,985,1010]" class="Insecta" family="Thyrididae" genus="Banisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aldabrana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFFFFCBFD1EF7DFFE52FC55" box="[722,885,985,1009]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">B. aldabrana</emphasis>
|
||||
Fryer
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, which is found in Africa (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFFFFCBFAC4F7DFF8B3FC56" author="Fryer" box="[1288,1428,986,1010]" firstAuthor="Fryer" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref14228" refString="Fryer, J. F. C. R. 1912. The Lepidoptera of Seychelles and Aldabra exclusive of the Orneodidae and Pterophoridae and of the Tortricina and Tineina. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15: 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="1912">Fryer 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Both of these other species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFFFFCBFDFBF7FEFFB1FBB6" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1863" box="[567,662,1019,1042]" class="Insecta" family="Thyrididae" genus="Banisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFFFFCBFDFBF7FEFFB1FBB6" box="[567,662,1019,1042]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Banisia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
can be distinguished from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFFFFCBFC27F7FEF95DFBB6" box="[1003,1146,1018,1042]" class="Insecta" family="Thyrididae" genus="Banisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argutula">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFFFFCBFC27F7FEF95DFBB6" box="[1003,1146,1018,1042]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">B. argutula</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by their male genitalia (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFFFFCBFF04F01EFCE3FB97" author="Martinez, J. I. & J. E. Hayden & J. B. Heppner & J. E. Pena & L. Xiao & D. Carrillo" box="[200,452,1051,1075]" journalOrPublisher="Florida Entomologist" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" pagination="57 - 62" part="100" refId="ref15539" refString="Martinez, J. I., J. E. Hayden, J. B. Heppner, J. E. Pena, L. Xiao, and D. Carrillo. 2017. Banisia argutula (Lepidoptera: Thyrididae) is the dominant sapodilla borer in southern Florida. Florida Entomologist 100: 57 - 62." title="Banisia argutula (Lepidoptera: Thyrididae) is the dominant sapodilla borer in southern Florida" type="journal article" year="2017">Martinez et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A0E5653AFFFFFFCBFF0CF049FF1DF9B4" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFFFFCBFF0CF049FF1DF9B4" blockId="13.[192,1441,1100,1552]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFFFFCBFF0CF049FC80FBC0" bold="true" box="[192,423,1100,1124]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Description. Egg.</emphasis>
|
||||
Conical and reddish orange with white ridges before eclosion, after which they change to orange with horizontal red wine lines.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFFFFCBFD7AF068FE28FB21" bold="true" box="[694,783,1133,1157]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Larva.</emphasis>
|
||||
First instar orange with gray spots, and a black band on mesothorax through to the dorsal view and dark brown head. Second instar white with black spots; head brown; mesothoracic band as in first instar. Third and fourth instars yellow with black spots; thorax and head copper. Length
|
||||
<quantity id="2F079B54FFFFFFCBFD91F0D5FFDAFB43" box="[605,765,1232,1256]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.55" metricValueMax="10.9" metricValueMin="8.2" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="9.55" valueMax="10.9" valueMin="8.2">8.2–10.9 mm</quantity>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="70C42A34FFFFFFCBFCDCF0D5FE57FB4C" box="[784,880,1232,1256]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="25.[192,275,1819,1841]" captionTargetBox="[377,1254,213,1785]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[377,1254,213,1785]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 1. Larvae of Lepidoptera pests of sapodilla. A) Dichrorampha sapodilla Heppner. B) Comotia torsicornis Dyar. C) Holcocera crassicornella Dietz. D) Zamagiria laidion (Zeller). E) Electrostrymon angelia (Hewitson). F) Phidotricha erigens Ragonot. G) Banisia myrsusalis Walker. H) Banisia argutula Whalley. I) Pyroderces badia (Hodges). J) Erinnyis ello (Linnaeus)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3676601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3676601/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Fig. 1H</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFFFFCBFC45F0D5F937FB4C" bold="true" box="[905,1040,1232,1256]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Pre-pupa.</emphasis>
|
||||
Similar to last instar but paler and wider.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFFFFCBFE81F0F5FC86FAAC" bold="true" box="[333,417,1264,1288]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Adult.</emphasis>
|
||||
Sexually dimorphic, the male smaller and darker than the female.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFFFFCBFB3CF0F4F8BFFAAC" box="[1264,1432,1265,1288]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Wing expanse</emphasis>
|
||||
: males
|
||||
<quantity id="2F079B54FFFFFFCBFEDEF114FCE3FA8D" box="[274,452,1297,1321]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6649999999999998" metricValueMax="1.7899999999999998" metricValueMin="1.54" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="16.65" valueMax="17.9" valueMin="15.4">15.4–17.9 mm</quantity>
|
||||
, females
|
||||
<quantity id="2F079B54FFFFFFCBFDF7F117FFCAFA8D" box="[571,749,1298,1322]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.87" metricValueMax="1.93" metricValueMin="1.81" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="18.7" valueMax="19.3" valueMin="18.1">18.1–19.3 mm</quantity>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFFFFCBFD37F114FE71FA8C" bold="true" box="[763,854,1297,1321]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Wings.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFFFFCBFCACF114F935FA8D" box="[864,1042,1297,1321]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Dorsal surface</emphasis>
|
||||
: Forewings grayish-brown with dark-brown strigiform markings and two translucent elongated spots in postdiscal area, anterior spot larger than posterior, males sometimes without translucent spots. Costal and median areas orangishbrown. Hindwings with black strigiform markings, no translucent areas.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFFFFCBFB86F171F822FA28" box="[1098,1285,1396,1420]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Ventral surface</emphasis>
|
||||
: Both wings pale-gray with black strigiform markings surrounded by pink lines.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFFFFCBFBD2F190F948FA08" bold="true" box="[1054,1135,1429,1453]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Head.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFFFFCBFBB5F190F9CBFA08" box="[1145,1260,1429,1452]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Antennae</emphasis>
|
||||
: Diminutively ciliate.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFFFFCBFEDBF1B3FC44FA69" box="[279,355,1462,1485]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Vertex</emphasis>
|
||||
: Grayish-brown.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFFFFCBFDF8F1B0FFE4FA69" box="[564,707,1461,1485]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Mouthparts</emphasis>
|
||||
: Labial palp copper; third segment smaller than second, with pinkish-purple dot on the tip.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFFFFCBFDE2F1D2FF5BFA4A" bold="true" box="[558,636,1495,1519]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Body.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFFFFCBFD4FF1D3FEAFFA4A" box="[643,904,1494,1518]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Thorax and abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: Grayish-brown above and pale-gray below.
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFFFFCBFF0CF1FDFDD0F9AB" box="[192,247,1528,1551]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Legs</emphasis>
|
||||
: Grayish-brown (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="70C42A34FFFFFFCBFE02F1FDFF0AF9B4" box="[462,557,1528,1552]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="26.[192,275,1790,1812]" captionTargetBox="[379,1254,213,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[379,1254,213,1756]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 2. Adults of Lepidoptera pests of sapodilla. The unlabeled images in the top half of the figure are to scale, whereas the labeled images in the bottom half of the figure have been resized. A) Dichrorampha sapodilla Heppner. B) Comotia torsicornis Dyar. C) Holcocera crassicornella Dietz. D) Zamagiria laidion (Zeller). E) Pyroderces badia (Hodges). F) Phidotricha erigens Ragonot. G) Banisia myrsusalis Walker. H) Banisia argutula Whalley. I) Electrostrymon angelia (Hewitson). J) Erinnyis ello (Linnaeus)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3676603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3676603/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Fig. 2H</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A0E5653AFFFFFFCBFF0CF22DF98FF926" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFFFFCBFF0CF22DF98FF926" blockId="13.[192,1440,1576,1666]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFFFFCBFF0CF22DFC57F9E4" bold="true" box="[192,368,1576,1600]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFFFFCBFEBAF22CFF63F9E4" box="[374,580,1576,1600]" class="Insecta" family="Thyrididae" genus="Banisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argutula">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFFFFCBFEBAF22CFF63F9E4" box="[374,580,1576,1600]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Banisia argutula</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is native to the Neotropics. This moth has been found in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFFFFFCBFB2FF22DF8BCF9E4" box="[1251,1435,1576,1600]" name="French Guiana" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFFFFFCBFF0CF24CFC06F9C5" box="[192,289,1609,1633]" name="Guyana" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFFFFFCBFEAEF24CFCFCF9C5" box="[354,475,1609,1633]" name="Suriname" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Suriname</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFFFFCBFE20F24CFFBDF9C5" author="Whalley, P. E. S." bookContentInfo="194 p." box="[492,666,1609,1633]" journalOrPublisher="British Museum Natural History. The Gresham Press; London" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" refId="ref18191" refString="Whalley, P. E. S. 1976. Tropical leaf moths: a monograph of the subfamily Striglininae (Lepidoptera: Thyrididae). British Museum Natural History. The Gresham Press; London. 194 p. + 68 pls." title="Tropical leaf moths: a monograph of the subfamily Striglininae (Lepidoptera: Thyrididae)" type="book" year="1976">Whalley 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFFFFCBFD63F24CFE99F9C5" author="Martinez, J. I. & J. E. Hayden & J. B. Heppner & J. E. Pena & L. Xiao & D. Carrillo" box="[687,958,1609,1633]" journalOrPublisher="Florida Entomologist" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" pagination="57 - 62" part="100" refId="ref15539" refString="Martinez, J. I., J. E. Hayden, J. B. Heppner, J. E. Pena, L. Xiao, and D. Carrillo. 2017. Banisia argutula (Lepidoptera: Thyrididae) is the dominant sapodilla borer in southern Florida. Florida Entomologist 100: 57 - 62." title="Banisia argutula (Lepidoptera: Thyrididae) is the dominant sapodilla borer in southern Florida" type="journal article" year="2017">Martinez et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
reported this species from the
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="90E87621FFFFFFCBFA89F24CF858F9C5" box="[1349,1407,1609,1633]" name="United States of America" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
in south
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="2A3BF853FFFFFFCBFEC0F26FFC42F926" box="[268,357,1642,1666]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||||
based on some specimens previously misidentified as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFFFFCBFC36F26EF986F926" box="[1018,1185,1642,1666]" class="Insecta" family="Thyrididae" genus="Banisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="myrsusalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFFFFCBFC36F26EF986F926" box="[1018,1185,1642,1666]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">B. myrsusalis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A0E5653AFFFFFFC8FF0CF29EF9B5FE42" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFFFFCBFF0CF29EFEEEF917" blockId="13.[192,969,1691,1716]" box="[192,969,1691,1716]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFFFFCBFF0CF29EFC32F917" bold="true" box="[192,277,1691,1715]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Hosts.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFFFFCBFED0F29EFCD0F917" box="[284,503,1691,1715]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Manilkara" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zapota">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFFFFCBFED0F29EFCD0F917" box="[284,503,1691,1715]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Manilkara zapota</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(L.) van Royen (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFFFFFCBFD0CF29EFE9BF917" author="Martinez, J. I. & J. E. Hayden & J. B. Heppner & J. E. Pena & L. Xiao & D. Carrillo" box="[704,956,1691,1715]" journalOrPublisher="Florida Entomologist" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" pagination="57 - 62" part="100" refId="ref15539" refString="Martinez, J. I., J. E. Hayden, J. B. Heppner, J. E. Pena, L. Xiao, and D. Carrillo. 2017. Banisia argutula (Lepidoptera: Thyrididae) is the dominant sapodilla borer in southern Florida. Florida Entomologist 100: 57 - 62." title="Banisia argutula (Lepidoptera: Thyrididae) is the dominant sapodilla borer in southern Florida" type="journal article" year="2017">Martinez et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFFFFCBFF0CF2C9F982F82C" blockId="13.[192,1441,1740,1929]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFFFFCBFF0CF2C9FCB9F940" bold="true" box="[192,414,1740,1764]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Natural history.</emphasis>
|
||||
Adults are active almost all year, mainly during the rainy season (late May to late October in south
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="2A3BF853FFFFFFCBFE5CF2E8FCCAF8A1" box="[400,493,1773,1797]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||||
). The females lay eggs primarily on the base of the floral buds or open flowers, but will also lay eggs on twigs, leaf buds, and on the fruit. Upon emerging from the egg (after four days), the larva chews a hole in a floral bud, enters the flower, and spins a silk plug covering the entrance hole. While the larva feeds, it covers the walls of flowers or fruits with silk. The larval stage lasts about 12–16 days. Pupation occurs mainly on fruits and flowers. Pupal stage lasts 17–20 days.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFCFFC8FF0CF4DCFF54FE31" blockId="14.[192,1440,217,405]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFCFFC8FF0CF4DCFC10FF55" bold="true" box="[192,311,217,241]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Damage.</emphasis>
|
||||
The larva chews holes in the base of floral buds or mature flowers, enters the flower, and consumes everything except the sepals. A single larva is able to join together several flowers and floral buds using silk to avoid exposure to predators. Larvae can also feed on leaves rolling them together as well, or bore into the fruit. It can complete its development in the rolled leaves, damaged flowers or inside of the fruit. When flowers are infested with larvae, they turn reddish brown and larval excrement is evident before drying completely.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFFCFFC8FF0CF5ABF9B5FE42" blockId="14.[192,1440,430,486]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFCFFC8FF0CF5ABFC5EFE62" bold="true" box="[192,377,430,454]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Management.</emphasis>
|
||||
Chemical insecticides have not been thoroughly investigated. There are many natural enemies that help to control
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFFCFFC8FDD2F5CAFF8CFE42" box="[542,683,462,486]" class="Insecta" family="Thyrididae" genus="Banisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argutula">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFFCFFC8FDD2F5CAFF8CFE42" box="[542,683,462,486]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">B. argutula</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(e.g. orb weaver spiders, lizards, birds).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
63
data/60/56/A8/6056A86F80762D40EC1AE982CBA50F19.xml
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63
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|
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@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
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<mods:title id="1E42D6E4EBEF5DF77CFFC0E2C0959270">Berlese's Primitive Oribatid Mites</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
|
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<mods:role id="8A7639E37F7AB817877B7DE9EA2C456D">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="43CAED5AF3F12010F7DEDAACF6ED0672">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
|
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<mods:namePart id="20A5D91583F3C9EA7B753D9C49A576BB">van der Hammen, L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="7B8EB12CDBB7451FE3671E2F587BF086">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem id="BDCB72FB0B68BD487C09DC09F93E3077" type="host">
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|
||||
<mods:title id="774A9449C09DD8B0F64BDE504905D039">Zoologische Verhandelingen</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part id="484C9F1D6B522E581E1AFD2CDFA017D5">
|
||||
<mods:date id="271B2A0E80AD4364914D17681FE93C4F">1959</mods:date>
|
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<mods:number id="B0893C19CAC24EDB5AD74458F11F1F8F">40</mods:number>
|
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|
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|
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<mods:location id="3C00D9AE6548E7047041D59524170A65">
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||||
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|
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<mods:identifier id="6A81B1D65B6A8FE9249C390F44312126" type="ZooBank">0DC6B575-3CB3-41C1-A3EC-850520AE4487</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="6056A86F80762D40EC1AE982CBA50F19" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6285569" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100122932" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6285569" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6056A86F80762D40EC1AE982CBA50F19" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6056A86F80762D40EC1AE982CBA50F19" lastPageNumber="69" pageNumber="69">
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<subSubSection id="3FE3C00E45B3521CCAEB87E4F9CC475B" type="nomenclature">
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|
||||
<taxonomicName id="81B713A77084B4D8BA6261A2AC88BFAC" authority="Berlese, 1917" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1917" class="Arachnida" family="Camisiidae" genus="Acronothrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Oribatida" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rothschildi">Acronothrus rothschildi Berlese</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, 1916
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="96E72394F11A7B7FD8776050468C56CE" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F6BCF02660D21F46E2C885744110F64A" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3E286D3A8F7670CEC57903ED64FF7E7F" class="Arachnida" family="Nothridae" genus="Nothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rothschildi" subGenus="Acronothrus">Nothrus (Acronothrus) rothschildi Berlese</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, 1916a, p. 175.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="03F3798BD4BBC71F19A4860794FDFFDF" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="67E6E52F882EE422C1DC2CDCAC261727" class="Arachnida" family="Nothridae" genus="Nothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rothschildi" subGenus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" subGenus.innerRound="1" subGenus.outerRound="1">Nothrus rothschildi, Berlese</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, 1922, p. 91, pl. A 6 fig. 2; Lombardini, 1936, p. 45.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="873AD24574AAED290FF4E3B5F18C0DBD" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="38D5D8DE89D5F735A8E2432F80CE9881" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">The type of the present species is also still present, viz. 110. 165/47 from "Ethiopia meridionale".</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B07F0487819A775EC573574FCDBF5230" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="27496743670FC924CED9FCCB568362D0" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||||
The species resembles
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B95EE5AC4B93363AAD7896D322CBD5C4" authority="Berlese, 1917" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1917" class="Arachnida" family="Camisiidae" genus="Acronothrus" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Oribatida" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alluaudi">A. alluaudi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
106
data/60/56/E3/6056E35B7F0C1ABC247843EFC2A39337.xml
Normal file
106
data/60/56/E3/6056E35B7F0C1ABC247843EFC2A39337.xml
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|
|
@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
|
|||
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.292.3867" ID-GBIF-Dataset="92d38eff-94a4-404e-a09c-d535155922c8" ID-PMC="PMC3677352" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-292-1" ID-PubMed="23794863" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-292-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 292" ModsDocTitle="Systematics of the parasitic wasp genus Oxyscelio Kieffer (Hymenoptera, Platygastridae s.l.), Part I: Indo-Malayan and Palearctic fauna" checkinTime="1451247388242" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Burks, Roger A., Masner, Lubomir, Johnson, Norman F. & Austin, Andrew D." docDate="2013" docId="6056E35B7F0C1ABC247843EFC2A39337" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 292: 1-263" docOrigin="ZooKeys 292" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.292.3867" docTitle="Oxyscelio fodiens Burks, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="118" masterDocId="FFB8FF92FF98D87CFFAE2F6B1E57FFC8" masterDocTitle="Systematics of the parasitic wasp genus Oxyscelio Kieffer (Hymenoptera, Platygastridae s. l.), Part I: Indo-Malayan and Palearctic fauna" masterLastPageNumber="263" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="117" updateTime="1668155704284" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>Systematics of the parasitic wasp genus Oxyscelio Kieffer (Hymenoptera, Platygastridae s. l.), Part I: Indo-Malayan and Palearctic fauna</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Burks, Roger A.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Masner, Lubomir</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Johnson, Norman F.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Austin, Andrew D.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part>
|
||||
<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number>292</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
||||
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||||
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|
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<mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.292.3867</mods:url>
|
||||
</mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.292.3867</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-292-1</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152043390" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:62A17BE6-2A4D-4C7C-85AE-547448203D46" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6056E35B7F0C1ABC247843EFC2A39337" lastPageId="117" lastPageNumber="118" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="116" pageNumber="117" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:62A17BE6-2A4D-4C7C-85AE-547448203D46" authority="Burks" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Oxyscelio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxyscelio fodiens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fodiens">Oxyscelio fodiens Burks</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="116" pageNumber="117">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
Figures 210-213Morphbank66
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="117" lastPageNumber="118" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Female. Body length 5.1 mm (n=1).</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Radicle color: same color as scape. Scape color: Yellowish. A4: longer than broad. A5: longer than broad. Antennal club: formed, segments compact.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Interantennal process: not elongate. Median longitudinal elevation in frontal depression: absent. Frontal depression: concave. Frontal depression sculpture: with 3-5 complete transverse carinae. Submedian carina: weak, shallow and rounded or formed by ledge. Submedian carina medially: without peak. Concavity across dorsal part of frontal depression: absent. Depression extending ventrally from median ocellus: absent. Upper frons: not hood-like. Malar area near antennal foramen: without carina or expansion. Malar area at mouth corner: without striae. Smooth strip along posterior side of malar sulcus: present, broad throughout its length. Middle genal carina: present. Direction of middle genal carina dorsally: parallel to eye margin. Major sculpture of gena anteriorly: umbilicate-foveate. Major sculpture of gena posteriorly: umbilicate-foveate; rugose. Microsculpture of gena anteroventrally: absent. Microsculpture of gena posteroventrally: absent. Median carina extending posteriorly from hyperoccipital carina: absent. Hyperoccipital carina: not indicated medially. Lateral connection between hyperoccipital and occipital carinae: absent. Area between vertex and occipital carina: umbilicate-foveate. Occipital carina medially: absent. Lateral corners of occipital carina: sharp and protruding.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="117" lastPageNumber="118" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
|
||||
Lateral pronotal area: without bulge projecting towards anterior pit. Epomial corner: strong. Netrion surface anteriorly: not inflexed. Mesoscutum anteriorly: steep. Mesoscutal median carina: absent or weak and incomplete in places. Longitudinal carina between median carina and notauli: absent. Major sculpture of medial mesoscutum anteriorly: umbilicate-foveate; longitudinally rugose. Major sculpture of medial mesoscutum posteriorly: umbilicate-foveate. Microsculpture of medial mesoscutum anteriorly: granulate. Microsculpture of medial mesoscutum posteriorly: absent. Major sculpture of mesoscutellum: umbilicate-foveate. Microsculpture of mesoscutellum medially: punctate. Microsculpture of mesoscutellum laterally: punctate. Mesoscutellar apex: roundly concave. Setae along anterior limit of femoral depression: arising from rows of foveae. Number of carinae crossing speculum above femoral depression: 4. Number of carinae crossing femoral depression: more than 5. Mesepimeral sulcus pits:
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="117" pageNumber="118" start="start">more</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
than 5. Metascutellum dorsally: convex. Metascutellar sculpture dorsally: with scattered rugae. Median carina of metascutellum: absent or branched. Metascutellar setae: absent. Metascutellar apex: deeply emarginate. Metapleuron above ventral metapleural area: crossed by carinae. Metasomal depression setae: absent. Lateral propodeal carinae anteromedially: strongly diverging. Anterior areoles of metasomal depression: absent. Anterior longitudinal carinae in metasomal depression: absent. Lateral propodeal areas: separated medially. Postmarginal vein: absent. Fore wing apex: reaching middle of T4.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="117" pageNumber="118">T1 midlobe: obscured by other raised sculpture. T1: with small rounded anterior bulge, not reaching metascutellum. T2: with long sublateral depressions. T6: longer than broad. Apical flange of T6: exposed apically. Metasomal apex: rounded. Major sculpture of T6: umbilicate-punctate. Microsculpture of T6: granulate.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Male. Unknown.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="117" pageNumber="118" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
|
||||
Female: Frontal depression crossed by a few carinae. Mesoscutellum without granulate areas. Mesoscutellum and metascutellum apically concave. Fore wings long enough to reach middle of T4. T1 with a strongly developed anterior horn that causes the longitudinal carinae to become broad and indistinct anteriorly. T2 with long sublateral depressions bordered medially by strong carinae. T5 and T6 elongate, nearly parallel-sided.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Oxyscelio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxyscelio fodiens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fodiens">Oxyscelio fodiens</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is similar to other members of the fossarum-group in having sublateral T2 depressions, but differs in having a broad metascutellum and nearly parallel-sided T5 and T6.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="117" pageNumber="118" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
|
||||
Latin participle, meaning
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“digging.”">"digging."</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Does not change spelling under different genders. Refers to the concave sublateral depressions of T2 and the concave posterior margins of the mesoscutellum and metascutellum.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="117" pageNumber="118" type="link to distribution map">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Link to distribution map.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="117" pageNumber="118">[http://hol.osu.edu/map-full.html?id=275547]</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="117" pageNumber="118" type="material examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Holotype, female: MALAYSIA: Sarawak St., lowland rainforest, Poring Hot Springs, VIII-1999, malaise trap, D. Quicke, OSUC 369042 (deposited in BMNH). Paratype: INDONESIA: 1 female, OSUC 247947 (ROME).</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
|
||||
Figures 210-213.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Oxyscelio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxyscelio fodiens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fodiens">Oxyscelio fodiens</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n., holotype female (OSUC 369042) 210 Head and mesosoma, lateral view 211 Head and mesosoma, dorsal view 212 Head, anterior view 213 Metasoma, dorsal view. Morphbank66
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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