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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.101.1133" ID-GBIF-Dataset="75c91bde-91db-46c1-bafd-9eaa41db4380" ID-PMC="PMC3118702" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-101-1" ID-PubMed="21747669" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-101-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 101" ModsDocTitle="Annotated type catalogue of the Orthalicoidea (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Royal Belgian Institute of Sciences, Brussels, with descriptions of two new species" checkinTime="1451250351161" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Breure, Abraham S. H." docDate="2011" docId="60184EA1FC57F04D4A24ED854E1B2D94" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 101: 1-50" docOrigin="ZooKeys 101" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.101.1133" docTitle="Thaumastus alausiensis Cousin 1887" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="6" masterDocId="FFE6FFCFFF94FFD6FF9DFFFFFFD0FF80" masterDocTitle="Annotated type catalogue of the Orthalicoidea (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Royal Belgian Institute of Sciences, Brussels, with descriptions of two new species" masterLastPageNumber="50" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1668149715901" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Annotated type catalogue of the Orthalicoidea (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Royal Belgian Institute of Sciences, Brussels, with descriptions of two new species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Breure, Abraham S. H.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>101</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>50</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.101.1133</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.101.1133</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-101-1</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152029443" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:60184EA1FC57F04D4A24ED854E1B2D94" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/60184EA1FC57F04D4A24ED854E1B2D94" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Thaumastus_alausiensis" authority="Cousin, 1887" authorityName="Cousin" authorityYear="1887" class="Gastropoda" family="Megaspiridae" genus="Thaumastus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thaumastus alausiensis" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="alausiensis">Thaumastus alausiensis Cousin, 1887</taxonomicName>
Figs 10
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
, 10i
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Megaspiridae" genus="Thaumastus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thaumastus alausiensis" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="alausiensis">Thaumastus alausiensis</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Cousin, A" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="187 - 287" title="Faune malacologique de la republique de l'Equateur." volume="12" year="1887">Cousin 1887</bibRefCitation>
: 228, pl. 4 fig. 13.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Bulimulidae" genus="Peronaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peronaeus (Lissoacme) alausiensis" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="alausiensis" subGenus="Lissoacme">Peronaeus (Lissoacme) alausiensis</taxonomicName>
(Cousin);
<bibRefCitation author="Breure, ASH" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle Paris (3) 331, Zoologie" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1137 - 1187" title="Types of Bulimulidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris." volume="233" year="1975 b">Breure 1975b</bibRefCitation>
: 1141, pl. 6 fig. 4 (lectotype designation).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Bulimulidae" genus="Bostryx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bostryx alausiensis" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="alausiensis">Bostryx alausiensis</taxonomicName>
(Cousin);
<bibRefCitation author="Breure, ASH" journalOrPublisher="Basteria" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="241 - 252" title="Mysterious or confusing: enigmatic species in the Orthalicidae (Gastropoda, Pulmonata)." volume="72" year="2008">Breure 2008</bibRefCitation>
: 244, figs 1-5.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
[Ecuador] &quot;sur le versant du mont Hacu, entre Achapallas et la
<normalizedToken originalValue="rivière">riviere</normalizedToken>
Sula, sur le territoire Alausi, province de Chimborazo&quot;.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="label">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Label.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
&quot;Racu, descente de Achupalla / au Rio Sula&quot;, in
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cousin’s">Cousin's</normalizedToken>
handwriting.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="dimensions">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Dimensions.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
&quot;long. 25 mm; diam. 9
<normalizedToken originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
10 mm&quot;; figured specimen H 25.2, D 11.0, W 8.2.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="6" start="start">Type</pageBreakToken>
material.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">RBINS/MT2333, paralectotype; MT2334, 12 paralectotypes (partly juvenile), Cousin leg. (Dautzenberg coll.).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
The material which Breure (1975) used to select a lectotype, came from the Jousseaume collection and originated from Cousin. However, the locality was imprecise (
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Équateur”">&quot;Equateur&quot;</normalizedToken>
[Ecuador]). At that time, no other material from Cousin was known. In RBINS, material originating from Cousin and exactly corresponding to the type locality has been found. Therefore it may now be questioned if the Jousseaume material was validly regarded as the prime type material. However, in the inventory of
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cousin’s">Cousin's</normalizedToken>
collection, a total of 30 specimens is mentioned and it cannot be excluded that
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jousseaume’s">Jousseaume's</normalizedToken>
material originated from the Cousin collection.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="current systematic position">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Current systematic position.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName family="Bulimulidae" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="family">Bulimulidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Bulimulidae" genus="Bostryx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bostryx alausiensis" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="alausiensis">Bostryx alausiensis</taxonomicName>
(Cousin, 1887).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="292499" ID-GBIF-Dataset="be1b0f9f-6964-4184-9e92-5243a5c744fd" checkinTime="1706626311646" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Info Flora" docDate="2021" docId="6018554C72E1A6A074755FDAAC003BA8" docLanguage="de" docName="InfoFlora.Asteraceae.xml" docOrigin="https://www.infoflora.ch/de/flora/asteraceae.html (accessed 2023-10-20)" docSource="https://www.infoflora.ch/de/flora/asteraceae.html" docTitle="Cirsium erisithales Scop." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" id="858B0CC8E7E221B7CA651A71EE7C56E3" masterDocId="726559447A88CFA27342DA99178CB9AD" masterDocTitle="Info Flora Schweiz - Asteraceae" updateTime="1712196430618" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="9149B3DB324728F2A7FFF9CA2729781B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="F67ACBDA4BEACBCCCC011F65BEA0AC78">
<mods:title id="6AAB747FD5C1111763D5B008656E0A91">Info Flora Schweiz - Asteraceae</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="AEA294A61DB948290A2C5F66833ED109" type="personal">
<mods:role id="23E03A4FB63C58D8C1A52C0A4620A89E">
<mods:roleTerm id="34C68935D83454F8A0A92739DC0CFEC8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="0D7032DCD7DC6E62DC8D7368B6153B0A">Info Flora</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="73005F97A50C53A1DBEC006C84D889BA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:originInfo id="BD62896B0FBD50B4524579F92241C645">
<mods:dateIssued id="B5CA4AED11E8148DC955320E68B38641">2021</mods:dateIssued>
<mods:dateCaptured id="62678D64B004A73866BB8E5E0C2165D8">2023-10-20</mods:dateCaptured>
<mods:publisher id="9619D2E219BAEFD22EDAA4E5E5BA7D49">Info Flora Schweiz</mods:publisher>
<mods:place id="7120921494AD24C3800E4121C7235698">
<mods:placeTerm id="DE14BAF9634EA3D4039980B8D667D1B1">Geneve</mods:placeTerm>
</mods:place>
</mods:originInfo>
<mods:location id="7C9384C64A27FB1ADBF1936AA81A2483">
<mods:url id="597F96AA8E245EDB6A47EFADC95C8BE6">https://www.infoflora.ch/de/flora/asteraceae.html</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="4ABD762C46AA63D79F6F7A462FAD5153">url</mods:classification>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="6018554C72E1A6A074755FDAAC003BA8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10917152" ID-GBIF-Taxon="224774796" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10917152" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6018554C72E1A6A074755FDAAC003BA8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6018554C72E1A6A074755FDAAC003BA8">
<subSubSection id="C8948A0CD63DB570BC6C4380C2C93D4E" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="4B828032DBC4DC602E79CF99C93F23B2">
<taxonomicName id="BAC89043A24D525B569AAABA49D0274C" ID-CoL="VHW2" authority="(Jacq.) Scop." authorityName="Scop." baseAuthorityName="Jacq." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erisithales">
<emphasis id="7739B4EFC3F0257264748CE5380DD5E5" italics="true">Cirsium erisithales</emphasis>
(Jacq.) Scop.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="97311D83E0B176CFB5208E2BF2E74AFE" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="639FFC67FDBB401A7053A9F4045B0C1D">
<vernacularName id="E3734FC59F74F87D3DF7CBB366EEE6B9">Klebrige Kratzdistel</vernacularName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="799959994AF05889E991E4D103A56AAC" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="2E071BB1697B4DB760F4DF1A0D444187">
Art ISFS: 114300 Checklist: 1012360
<taxonomicName id="167473745F42E73ADC26B9FED812B01D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="77C5606A0463A75C247CC453CF730516" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cirsium</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="A55297DC95D62DABE140AF9434F69485" authority="(Jacq.) Scop." authorityName="Scop." baseAuthorityName="Jacq." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erisithales">Cirsium erisithales (Jacq.) Scop.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5776C710A2029F99887E2CAD66CC25AC">
<heading id="2F21CCE66AF88E6912BBDDD185B56571">
<normalizedToken id="6061C2F2B68E5A7ED8B0ABFE74D50542" originalValue="Bestimmungsschlüssel">Bestimmungsschluessel</normalizedToken>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0A08E5440AF43D6D1260FA18580AAB59">
<heading id="94EB477AE4663566470CC2C4E7A8BEA3">Zusammenfassung</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9169CCE7871505D09DEA696F2ABB65B8" type="description">
<paragraph id="EE2D08C6AE806236679BEA306B34C5AB">
Artbeschreibung
<emphasis id="0F5982DA81BE21D268CA1F6381A2AAA9" italics="true">
(nach
<bibRefCitation id="41955BF7E27D0B6A66750731E85A4993" ID-ISBN="978-3-258-08047-5" author="Lauber, K. &amp; Wagner, G. &amp; Gygax, A." location="Bern" publisher="Haupt Verlag" refString="Lauber, K., Wagner, G., Gygax, A. 2018. Flora Helvetica. Haupt Verlag, Bern. ISBN: 978-3-258-08047-5." title="Flora Helvetica" year="2018">Lauber &amp; al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
:
<quantity id="40A5754662B5623334B44E6C6028B725" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" unit="cm" value="100.0" valueMax="150.0" valueMin="50.0">50-150 cm</quantity>
hoch.
<normalizedToken id="0D8A0C3DEB5CDDFE1117E96952FB0650" originalValue="Stängel">Staengel</normalizedToken>
oben wenig
<normalizedToken id="1C5434B4648821E361EA2EC08B1CBCCA" originalValue="beblättert">beblaettert</normalizedToken>
, ohne Stacheln,
<emphasis id="F615B9847DD816240BEBBB1E47E0720D" bold="true">
klebrig.
<normalizedToken id="C7B4B3810C17C3067051609732EFFA3D" originalValue="Blätter">Blaetter</normalizedToken>
tief fiederteilig bis fiederschnittig
</emphasis>
, mit zahlreichen, stachelig
<normalizedToken id="FA8795EA4F626BD2CD2387183B8673B3" originalValue="gezähnten">gezaehnten</normalizedToken>
Abschnitten.
<emphasis id="DFE7867FDB4AB2482A47AEEBE755EB1E" bold="true">
<normalizedToken id="AD3196DAC8C57C2335CC39773AD70F86" originalValue="Blüten">Blueten</normalizedToken>
hellgelb.
<normalizedToken id="81F0DBD24FDE2D8C724037A3F54E9C8F" originalValue="Köpfe">Koepfe</normalizedToken>
einzeln oder zu 2-3
<normalizedToken id="F60F6EE4E56E8C8BE232C0817EBDB6D8" originalValue="genähert">genaehert</normalizedToken>
, nickend, nicht von
<normalizedToken id="BA511D027F624AE4EC203E3A9089734F" originalValue="Hochblättern">Hochblaettern</normalizedToken>
umgeben
</emphasis>
.
<normalizedToken id="2986E541B051C4E08A773256539D27CF" originalValue="Hülle">Huelle</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="451D7137E153FCEDFB602DD36937F06D" originalValue="bräunlich-grün">braeunlich-gruen</normalizedToken>
, 1,5-2,5 cm lang, klebrig.
<normalizedToken id="7C1C60120F7C3D360C811CAC15BA0A3F" originalValue="Äussere">Aeussere</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="C79994B21858116ECEF58FC88F364188" originalValue="Hüllblätter">Huellblaetter</normalizedToken>
mit abstehenden, weichen Stacheln.
<normalizedToken id="1C39B650CF477C92F81A636B4373B695" originalValue="Früchte">Fruechte</normalizedToken>
<quantity id="EC5CBA79CBAA675673F9FBA4C3AEA9AA" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4-5 mm</quantity>
,
<taxonomicName id="7AEB9E701E2A456FB665534DE66DD3DB" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Pappus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pappus</taxonomicName>
ca. 1,5 cm lang.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0AF86D33E19BD90B281D459C9A010FB0" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8CAB4EBDEA37CD12A588CD66D49DB9D1">
<normalizedToken id="441FA43CAC41980C64D67074092D3F4E" originalValue="Blütezeit">Bluetezeit</normalizedToken>
<emphasis id="0B2C2460D139BABDC1A2B0AB8A39C410" italics="true">
(nach
<bibRefCitation id="3B5281E9D947F6E75C5927D94E90A9A0" ID-ISBN="978-3-258-08047-5" author="Lauber, K. &amp; Wagner, G. &amp; Gygax, A." location="Bern" publisher="Haupt Verlag" refString="Lauber, K., Wagner, G., Gygax, A. 2018. Flora Helvetica. Haupt Verlag, Bern. ISBN: 978-3-258-08047-5." title="Flora Helvetica" year="2018">Lauber &amp; al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
: 7-9
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0129662594758BACB406E6639D88034E">
Standort und Verbreitung in der Schweiz
<emphasis id="D716700535E1DE88E151C8314306B255" italics="true">
(nach
<bibRefCitation id="293677EE410F38EB61B7B6900D9BF9A9" ID-ISBN="978-3-258-08047-5" author="Lauber, K. &amp; Wagner, G. &amp; Gygax, A." location="Bern" publisher="Haupt Verlag" refString="Lauber, K., Wagner, G., Gygax, A. 2018. Flora Helvetica. Haupt Verlag, Bern. ISBN: 978-3-258-08047-5." title="Flora Helvetica" year="2018">Lauber &amp; al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
: Lichte
<normalizedToken id="B0A58F7D97E66BD2F26238E18376D665" originalValue="Wälder">Waelder</normalizedToken>
, Hochstaudenfluren / (kollin-)montan-subalpin / JS,
<normalizedToken id="E89E13D97E193BFE52244951ECE84F17" originalValue="südliches">suedliches</normalizedToken>
TI, GR (Misox, Unterengadin,
<normalizedToken id="1C28B0457D06729662691DFE0DC13968" originalValue="Münstertal">Muenstertal</normalizedToken>
, Puschlav)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EF375E1EB13A4F5F87347A2E28C8AAD5" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="F27A466A3132E2D756812682330E6673">
Verbreitung global
<emphasis id="C548E8A1EB0687D09F8862606EDC1EFB" italics="true">
(nach
<bibRefCitation id="856011628D194D6892D17BE100835195" ID-ISBN="978-3-258-08047-5" author="Lauber, K. &amp; Wagner, G. &amp; Gygax, A." location="Bern" publisher="Haupt Verlag" refString="Lauber, K., Wagner, G., Gygax, A. 2018. Flora Helvetica. Haupt Verlag, Bern. ISBN: 978-3-258-08047-5." title="Flora Helvetica" year="2018">Lauber &amp; al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
:
<normalizedToken id="D066FB33CBF1A37A5C0C3F0A7151D31E" originalValue="Osteuropäisch">Osteuropaeisch</normalizedToken>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="67586A859DD604D7CF1A98237F5EE6E1" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="9865B58ED2E9ABEEE1C498660B0FDB02">
<normalizedToken id="EFDE6FC3C6B897B48C0607696D6FB40C" originalValue="Ökologische">Oekologische</normalizedToken>
Zeigerwerte
<emphasis id="5538DFFDC69547EC50E5CEE804C56667" italics="true">
(nach
<bibRefCitation id="A5397F892E32A1242243D9E84EFD79A4" author="Landolt, E. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Erhardt, A. &amp; Hegg, O. &amp; Klötzli, F. &amp; Lämmler, W. &amp; Nobis, M. &amp; Rudmann-Maurer, K. &amp; Theurillat, J.P. &amp; Urmi, E. &amp; Vust, M. &amp; Wohlgemuth, T." publicationUrl="https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" refString="Landolt, E., Bäumler, B., Erhardt, A., Hegg, O., Klötzli, F., Lämmler, W., Nobis, M., Rudmann-Maurer, K., Theurillat, J.P., Urmi, E., Vust, M., Wohlgemuth, T. 2010. Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen (2nd ed.). https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" title="Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen" year="2010">Landolt &amp; al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
3 + w43-22 + 4.g.2n=34
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0EE97FBF2A395A058A28734F7BDCB6E6" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="F4CFBADA86F42CCD045CCB5BFB07B0D6">Status</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D88C841DEF38C9113B6B0EB32C5188E3" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="E2F7829F861C2B186C5664E202F052C9">
<heading id="EF31212ED4408F778C903F801E6EDC91">Status IUCN</heading>
: Nicht
<normalizedToken id="9B58252A9798B2BDEE149E5D968C6E90" originalValue="gefährdet">gefaehrdet</normalizedToken>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C5E4AD5523186E4B05A2506979674C0F" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="0AC130E9A1A10CB3A77EC435C58F5AAC">
<heading id="47AE1675BE13E13C873DAE497BE25B94">
<normalizedToken id="EB8E2156E865C760076CA69D3F648F26" originalValue="Ökologie">Oekologie</normalizedToken>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D89443CFAE25305C6E39E201DB5A70AF">Lebensform Geophyt</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED8B5B0E62C94E3264515743F2657537">
<heading id="DEA0F99FA29EBCB73B9FF3450B6B5DA0">Lebensraum Lebensraum</heading>
nach
<bibRefCitation id="E262AC291158C27CDBB2FA7A2B7AB98C" author="Delarze, R. &amp; Gonseth, Y. &amp; Eggenberger, S. &amp; Vust, M." location="Bad Hersfeld, Germany" publisher="Ott Verlag" refString="Delarze, R., Gonseth, Y., Eggenberger, S., Vust, M. 2015. Lebensräume der Schweiz: Oekologie – Gefährdung – Kennarten (3rd edition). Ott Verlag, Bad Hersfeld, Germany, 456 pp." title="Lebensräume der Schweiz: Oekologie – Gefährdung – Kennarten (3rd edition)" year="2015">Delarze &amp; al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DBF113671384E4BF59DA595B2E03ADC3">
<table id="1784C5BE285512AC335970D51715EE18" class="table" inLine="true">
<tbody id="6C88F9F43F0F1E03357D1D24C163FC85">
<tr id="62C229EDF79E1D91D82FDED0AD712006">
<td id="469A639F1DEC8CDCB554DE34C49F887A">
5.1.4 - Feuchter Krautsaum (
<normalizedToken id="C5821744ED8969A83FAF534A0D3989FC" originalValue="höheren">hoeheren</normalizedToken>
Lagen) (
<taxonomicName id="DCFE20A183A83894933B75665FB73229" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Petasition" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="officinalis">
<emphasis id="DEBDEAF121580C6A00F61E90FEEF5E21" italics="true">Petasition officinalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A4D02979FD54124E9BBAAC55A446964">
<tableNote id="7B79520972E3F5BA9A8389B8AD45BCCA">
<emphasis id="E31FF2CA1D2B9B8616B88414AA7878FE" bold="true">fett</emphasis>
<emphasis id="88081B9D13D6A54BA180088588309CEC" italics="true">
Dominante Art, welche das Aussehen des Lebensraumes
<normalizedToken id="4BCDEDFFABA14FE6DF1E19482BDDE9F8" originalValue="mitprägt">mitpraegt</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="BBEC5C24EFE8E81BB7B91E219A6A84DD" italics="true">Charakterart</emphasis>
<emphasis id="0B82800A126D42003D1AB1DF468C7782" italics="true">Weniger strikt an den Lebensraum gebundene Art</emphasis>
</tableNote>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AE5E837278E44FF5B5317DE45034C534" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="C263A7B64B79E82F937459474A73B803">
<normalizedToken id="605D13DDCDDDD1459B732C91A7766B3C" originalValue="Ökologische">Oekologische</normalizedToken>
Zeigerwerte nach
<bibRefCitation id="21C8CE65BA921F4A9F208E2F7C8C5C38" author="Landolt, E. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Erhardt, A. &amp; Hegg, O. &amp; Klötzli, F. &amp; Lämmler, W. &amp; Nobis, M. &amp; Rudmann-Maurer, K. &amp; Theurillat, J.P. &amp; Urmi, E. &amp; Vust, M. &amp; Wohlgemuth, T." publicationUrl="https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" refString="Landolt, E., Bäumler, B., Erhardt, A., Hegg, O., Klötzli, F., Lämmler, W., Nobis, M., Rudmann-Maurer, K., Theurillat, J.P., Urmi, E., Vust, M., Wohlgemuth, T. 2010. Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen (2nd ed.). https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" title="Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen" year="2010">Landolt &amp; al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A53DAF974E82C44B4BB2A704EA40F7FC">
<table id="9F672869B120F85E4022B1D316F7B165" class="table" inLine="true">
<tbody id="12C1713EEB90C68D38A5535454B828D5">
<tr id="9C8D1307AF9C9D3472A81C38BCF0539F">
<th id="61AEC49AC57839B88D28C16C47655EAD" colspan="2">
<emphasis id="0A5E45371598A8AC1174FA5E23B03D1C" bold="true">Bodenfaktoren</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="67F03499EA155CBB80A88016E6E070B9" colspan="2">
<emphasis id="D410E811316F8FF13A815B65F1319FAE" bold="true">Klimafaktoren</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="1535E37442983C48D2468B7B49EBF7CE" colspan="2">
<emphasis id="9832EBF4E0A4F97E6EF011A711D63539" bold="true">Salztoleranz</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="1B19A213028BF7A3A3CC9A1496E55F53">
<td id="79EF2F5E31D01EF2C73C4CC305F0F450">Feuchtezahl F</td>
<td id="29C9DB9828FE16C32D5DCD14B1AD48BE" style="text-align:left;width:100px">
feucht; Feuchtigkeit
<normalizedToken id="135F4C78B94B96C4D4AA11A1E83755DB" originalValue="mässig">maessig</normalizedToken>
wechselnd (
<normalizedToken id="EA35CA2EE4DBEEC602EA89415AE00EA5" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1-2 Stufen)
</td>
<td id="D1D32254896822BC0902F5672E1398D9">Lichtzahl L</td>
<td id="1EC0A9FAED5451C3E4707D46E17F746D" style="text-align:left;width:60px">schattig</td>
<td id="45296EE6FF5B6051BD90C06162DAB12C">Salzzeichen</td>
<td id="9375DF521F7E06E351F41A74C7F6CF7E" style="text-align:left;width:60px">--</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2B240EA9D5C777C73261DDDE5EE8CE84">
<td id="C6C2451AF20FC7D55C4704F9FD8C3719">Reaktionszahl R</td>
<td id="3FC9B6FB2DE827361EC5BE04BB9FA857" style="text-align:left">neutral bis basisch (pH 5.5-8.5)</td>
<td id="73B6185A903CC0966B8A408E8D3387B7">Temperaturzahl T</td>
<td id="1BBC402F8066C654AC1F8E918549FBED" style="text-align:left">unter-subalpin und ober-montan</td>
</tr>
<tr id="66C0360DACBBCE8CF47C1E95E2BC4706">
<td id="A9A4D451A6CD201CF3EAEF9A6BE0E985">
<normalizedToken id="45F6A01B5DEEFBF2558832AA0772B56E" originalValue="Nährstoffzahl">Naehrstoffzahl</normalizedToken>
N
</td>
<td id="FB94979D6EA73F485A0F8933F3BB1D88" style="text-align:left">
<normalizedToken id="35DF7E8B9431F49F5495D2AD77149A38" originalValue="mässig">maessig</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="89789FAD67358A9D5C76A7146717F2D4" originalValue="nährstoffarm">naehrstoffarm</normalizedToken>
bis
<normalizedToken id="83C011EDFB44711AF69EE73E6E39973D" originalValue="mässig">maessig</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="217F4E59DAD9CE09B0E03F2A8993FB1C" originalValue="nährstoffreich">naehrstoffreich</normalizedToken>
</td>
<td id="BE6E4BF257E3D504AA0E11AAD316112F">
<normalizedToken id="1394654A25150D9ECA0508264E7D9A56" originalValue="Kontinentalitätszahl">Kontinentalitaetszahl</normalizedToken>
K
</td>
<td id="E6A3033AB27F7DDAFCDD6C4F19A2F975" style="text-align:left">subkontinental (niedrige relative Luftfeuchtigkeit, grosse Temperaturschwankungen, eher kalte Winter)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="60D36743D63A3F541CF184F71316A242" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="9FD9F758E0187F0457716A74C427069C">
<heading id="F8051C2055B348ABBFAB2A3A1DAB1B05">Nomenklatur</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8AA31A043A3DC84275499C9361352858">
<treatmentCitation id="EA6C846002E8113280364BA7B154E3C2">
<heading id="48204C80F3F8DD183A2002A3629CA5D7">
<normalizedToken id="3196D28C9731F35E94635E1C27F04420" originalValue="Gültiger">Gueltiger</normalizedToken>
Name (
<bibRefCitation id="9DBCFAADFDE14EA537F554D07C9F7072" author="Juillerat, P. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Bornand, C. &amp; Gygax, A. &amp; Jutzi, M. &amp; Möhl, A. &amp; Nyffeler, R. &amp; Sager, L. &amp; Santiago, H. &amp; Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
)
</heading>
:
<taxonomicName id="B1C90A2F9D251A4EA2497753D04026C1" ID-CoL="VHW2" authority="(Jacq.) Scop." authorityName="Scop." baseAuthorityName="Jacq." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erisithales">
<emphasis id="31A9306FD3323642946FB1A193D18756" italics="true">Cirsium erisithales</emphasis>
(Jacq.) Scop.
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A0E01A3E9D32FF525CA02128A2B2A27A" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="871E422B7BE836587EBBD086A0BDDC07">
Volksname Deutscher Name:
<vernacularName id="570555CC26D51B6C19D7C7FC807F7D49" language="deu">Klebrige Kratzdistel</vernacularName>
Nom
<normalizedToken id="27F5054C6EF1BA402FF23315888B4D41" originalValue="français">francais</normalizedToken>
:
<vernacularName id="B02C16888DFF11E5EAC9F4DB613A8809" language="fra">Cirse glutineux</vernacularName>
Nome italiano:
<vernacularName id="54D9A49F7C9676DE1C90161322E367FA" language="ita">Cardo zampa d'orso</vernacularName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6A3003E66705CF9D83BEBC2D7EF38835" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="4995F9A45FA774B66923C2C0488EE58C">
<normalizedToken id="B869D606FB688F7407E8A4D3D3912813" originalValue="Übereinstimmung">Uebereinstimmung</normalizedToken>
mit anderen Referenzwerken
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3612862F9B72CA9ECF4D1E4DDB1E2CC3">
<table id="2C4AE353C5490A86F628D139E3117BED" class="table table-condensed" inLine="true">
<tbody id="A8D05B4010E5AAC8088B45CC52017683">
<tr id="3BFE8DCFE272713D1015CF59D3AC895C">
<th id="D3EAA20B5BD3FF1AB7C13B8DEDF7A2FF" width="80px">Relation</th>
<th id="F00EE51BB0130A35544EB4B714DA7DAB">Nom</th>
<th id="559CBC36495B11E10A86EAEEF3E70C86">Referenzwerke</th>
<th id="8106122C001A93F465036B4D163F804D" width="90px">No</th>
</tr>
<tr id="6D4B304EF874FFCC8B3607A89023E4DF">
<td id="C611D76D759FF04CDCCD8D874301EA41" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="D5FE0268F25A91980BD0A69219DC0C78">
<taxonomicName id="3FD40112E2B65139597DE599F7E780DA" authority="(Jacq.) Scop." authorityName="Scop." baseAuthorityName="Jacq." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erisithales">Cirsium erisithales (Jacq.) Scop.</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="1A48CB815B46F53953012B331CF4FAEC">
<treatmentCitation id="BB31681149862787ED644EA360C84DA0">
<bibRefCitation id="5FD782307BEB92D0CD0EF5D327B07DE9" author="Juillerat, P. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Bornand, C. &amp; Gygax, A. &amp; Jutzi, M. &amp; Möhl, A. &amp; Nyffeler, R. &amp; Sager, L. &amp; Santiago, H. &amp; Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="177BA197022B90559BDB41784F15FB07">114300</td>
</tr>
<tr id="51D3E4710ADE210BC402A029A77A316F">
<td id="A29B2AAE98E297442879761504D77B73" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="F6DDDC5F16878656FE94E725F99F4E40">
<taxonomicName id="1D33DF95715C6B3125DFA59A9063F9D9" authority="(Jacq.) Scop." authorityName="Scop." baseAuthorityName="Jacq." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erisithales">Cirsium erisithales (Jacq.) Scop.</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="799FD91321674586D23FA35ED739D7CF">
<treatmentCitation id="653FFB19D22D118E09B6B0D767E0F03B">
<bibRefCitation id="7380638CC5508C318C5864B977BD9BCF">Flora Helvetica 2001</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="9B6CAEBF810AB3F32CF060538FE127CC">2226</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C8AE1CDD36A9969A1166062958C1123C">
<td id="6BDC84F6CFCE0B00B20D931C32F10518" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="32781453B270D70D63E02C87C449BA2F">
<taxonomicName id="2EEFED54F159B4F2321467AD5CDCBF75" authority="(Jacq.) Scop." authorityName="Scop." baseAuthorityName="Jacq." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erisithales">Cirsium erisithales (Jacq.) Scop.</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="FB392774FE254595AD6AE3CDE6234007">
<treatmentCitation id="9D26AE0CD1BBD5949177D7E5DC9C8E55">
<bibRefCitation id="9664C60E21BF5EB99C63779F7104E001">Flora Helvetica 2012</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="E8AB96E886100D477FF8DCF2411265A5">2218</td>
</tr>
<tr id="ECA52BDFBAC71CEAB8C0977B5D190DB6">
<td id="162A402C736C3E26AF8B302979EDA936" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="01719E8D9052BD8B1A67D694048A5F91">
<taxonomicName id="5F46258071DF9CAA60F2FF5F8F7D9355" authority="(Jacq.) Scop." authorityName="Scop." baseAuthorityName="Jacq." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erisithales">Cirsium erisithales (Jacq.) Scop.</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="207E9CDDC58AB9707A987056BBFE304F">
<treatmentCitation id="935CB083FB0576B342608CBD6EEB2058" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E73F4B0660C63422CDE42CCE8984C4D">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCA73CF3C35CD3325811FA5BB99C2C">Flora Helvetica 2018</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="223F51517A67FFC93F46E644E7C86621">2218</td>
</tr>
<tr id="937524A06EA1BE8D0C9A4FFACE95866C">
<td id="B4F9730E7A2294DAF543EFC106ABD79E" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="E3D166F98713288425871922972524B2">
<taxonomicName id="483F1CF813C473F5301A24B5E961ADB8" authority="(Jacq.) Scop." authorityName="Scop." baseAuthorityName="Jacq." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erisithales">Cirsium erisithales (Jacq.) Scop.</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="67D93236176E6F74422D9C7FDE422F7C">
<treatmentCitation id="C859BB618218DF1F6B81C455D3F60A29">
<bibRefCitation id="B60E1CEC88D72908036222A1E85C3625">Index synonymique 1996</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="63D47F59CB0C92FEC590EC420450B931">114300</td>
</tr>
<tr id="FF8AA78DF038B2915097F74D49F5365E">
<td id="A0385A70016B6721A912215C61A16827" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="C7260816A7B69CD689E79D6E5379408F">
<taxonomicName id="380B2CB91D5296F72703D016F038A9EB" authority="(Jacq.) Scop." authorityName="Scop." baseAuthorityName="Jacq." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erisithales">Cirsium erisithales (Jacq.) Scop.</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="3BFCAF759D9A138CCD5F4B42A88EA5B2">
<treatmentCitation id="1F0B7F65313F0614C95BC12E2B7539A0">
<bibRefCitation id="0666F665398F0570A39EF1286D283021">Landolt 1977</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="8C1C441F6370A1C41F471315872716C7">2970</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7F36A34B9F7FD7442398715F398624CA">
<td id="82FD66D2AFE8D29992DF5549FE066206" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="9FF7D93D69586D342F39787CBA18880F">
<taxonomicName id="02EE85551C3E0DF328A18EDCB4D634B7" authority="(Jacq.) Scop." authorityName="Scop." baseAuthorityName="Jacq." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erisithales">Cirsium erisithales (Jacq.) Scop.</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="773BD71D108B33A9C1899E4794782A42">
<treatmentCitation id="B34D21760BB1BCA7E243E9D4A8EB050A">
<bibRefCitation id="1A09884446946AEA0C8DB4FE205B543E">Landolt 1991</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="1553EA99920C80DACB9F36E2F226A71A">2397</td>
</tr>
<tr id="E437F1F2B92B79BD16590211AFD87C43">
<td id="9C71C619E6AAA2B8C0933E6912F2559E" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="FB9A4045F56AB0530B4CCBAB0C25C84B">
<taxonomicName id="CAE57C15A3F8B26CA7B17BBAFD1A9B46" authority="(Jacq.) Scop." authorityName="Scop." baseAuthorityName="Jacq." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erisithales">Cirsium erisithales (Jacq.) Scop.</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="0CCE31124272684CDB7DDA06AC6BFC65">
<treatmentCitation id="7D65999C2ED87E5C7C01794F41C7F6C6">
<bibRefCitation id="8C262FCB0CBB25BC2E61C679D9E2A860">SISF/ISFS 2</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="D777FBCBC55691BC5792FB8E40C821F5">114300</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3A55264EC377D2BD202832337328DC5C">
<td id="0159FB35BE58CB6A6B3AE5D5CA348222" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="3C4859B2B17A434BEAD8E2BAC2831192">
<taxonomicName id="27170B9A119797314A9E0CE9A4AE275F" authority="(Jacq.) Scop." authorityName="Scop." baseAuthorityName="Jacq." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erisithales">Cirsium erisithales (Jacq.) Scop.</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="C663063685AE6B263988CCACA7A6D658">
<treatmentCitation id="0B7E09B4E34BE29D03C06E886163F2F1">
<bibRefCitation id="10A9F3E2688E204B798DD2C88E8190DA">Welten &amp; Sutter 1982</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="068E000B540505EA00256205F46A85FC">1877</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4DA535261E66F1EF4921CCBD519CB8E2">
<tableNote id="3969B395EA5E2D9090A2CFE4178872AF">
= Taxon stimmt mit akzeptiertem Taxon
<normalizedToken id="32585758276EA457B13F7824249784D3" originalValue="überein">ueberein</normalizedToken>
(
<bibRefCitation id="BA6C74B54D8167342A4D4C2009C99FF6" author="Juillerat, P. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Bornand, C. &amp; Gygax, A. &amp; Jutzi, M. &amp; Möhl, A. &amp; Nyffeler, R. &amp; Sager, L. &amp; Santiago, H. &amp; Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
) &lt;Taxon ist im akzeptierten Taxon (
<bibRefCitation id="9DCFCB944955F643F0AE3406DE932C1E" author="Juillerat, P. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Bornand, C. &amp; Gygax, A. &amp; Jutzi, M. &amp; Möhl, A. &amp; Nyffeler, R. &amp; Sager, L. &amp; Santiago, H. &amp; Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
) enthalten&gt; Taxon
<normalizedToken id="B76159F827742CD333BB690EBA190EA8" originalValue="enthält">enthaelt</normalizedToken>
(neben anderen) auch das akzeptierte Taxon (
<bibRefCitation id="5E729AD3B1B6A8A1B67C807076D6BC34" author="Juillerat, P. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Bornand, C. &amp; Gygax, A. &amp; Jutzi, M. &amp; Möhl, A. &amp; Nyffeler, R. &amp; Sager, L. &amp; Santiago, H. &amp; Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
)
</tableNote>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CA151D1E3C169398B5C6B17211441EA8" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="725A91AB250DCA5A2DACD356A67B949F">
<heading id="2A7B9E5CF68C3E50B904493654191FA8">Status Indigenat</heading>
: Indigen
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="70E0803C854CE22694A39D73608D0FE3">
<emphasis id="70C95E75D3FEE92694731C14B583F921" bold="true">
<heading id="AFD4324BF4208A64F1FC42579056D102">
Liste der
<normalizedToken id="F22DB3414A80641D90AD52A71E21483C" originalValue="gefährdeten">gefaehrdeten</normalizedToken>
Pflanzen IUCN
</heading>
(nach
<bibRefCitation id="13A62EBC2DE24086E73FDEEEA00F9C06" author="Walter, K.S. &amp; Gillett, H.J." location="Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK" publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.44833" publisher="IUCN" refString="Walter, K.S. and Gillett, H.J. (editors). 1998. 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.44833" title="IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants" year="1997">Walter &amp; Gillett 1997</bibRefCitation>
):
</emphasis>
Nein
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="682111B164990EC195B7AE65E6DB01E2">
<heading id="520A72141C0CDBBB4FE71F562E8C1D41">Status Rote Liste national 2016</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="21C1152F936C78202C7B086CA5E3A3B6">
<heading id="FD394712D91C41B298E0288A371171B6">Status IUCN</heading>
: Nicht
<normalizedToken id="832E56B0A88E379E2A9967477999D722" originalValue="gefährdet">gefaehrdet</normalizedToken>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="19B2B179AC961AB646DA83810F86D00B">
<heading id="5BF268712879DB96217050AB12503379">
<normalizedToken id="E77E6010502F021EE4534EC49E119F1A" originalValue="Zusätzliche">Zusaetzliche</normalizedToken>
Informationen
</heading>
Kriterien IUCN: --
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD658B7866AA0AD5E96D3C21FBF90C2E">
<heading id="C7FB5AD00F16F00ED06B3B72670F870E">Status Rote Liste regional 2019</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A1AF3BB1C5B35EAE2A44BAAE8B4781E">
<table id="692AE24F9065D990A7781ABD547B4A17" class="table table-condensed" inLine="true">
<tbody id="374FB0006AE9753EC3A3AF51FD42FEEB">
<tr id="9F7E35575DB8C3FB3E6600D857AE71B3">
<th id="395E8A757AD771140F9358B6605D9970">Biogeografische Regionen</th>
<th id="973431B576E0C8B769D0425E468B1D89">Status</th>
<th id="943A76F4287770488C98E38E8DF0F248">Kriterien IUCN</th>
</tr>
<tr id="462C053F83C2C64A09E5D122950C80D7">
<td id="28E564056F3CEAF25374D80F2F3A1365" class="regional_status">Jura (JU)</td>
<td id="474864047557BBC51410BD84CC30DB7C">
nicht
<normalizedToken id="98F0838884AC3DD5516EAC5878CEEDBF" originalValue="gefährdet">gefaehrdet</normalizedToken>
(Least Concern)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8848F8BBA6CF0B7A935FE127DF56FB87">
<td id="9905601CD3F05BA2558329CD4F7D6817" class="regional_status">Mittelland (MP)</td>
<td id="7337045ECFDB220DD8B5F82CC0ED946A">--</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2B64543A4B16991501D61B60B51DE1CA">
<td id="7C50620159183ED653BBADD2D79CF8B6" class="regional_status">Alpennordflanke (NA)</td>
<td id="CB7A37FCAAE8F0DB3A5E69D23E3E56BF">--</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3D6D63D4E39C5A98CD94619934BB0370">
<td id="D3665AA1CA765C5CE9E80AEF91B59160" class="regional_status">
<normalizedToken id="87F63E5D14B0698CFE5FA9CBAD393DFA" originalValue="Alpensüdflanke">Alpensuedflanke</normalizedToken>
(SA)
</td>
<td id="A4951CC2FF321E47364C68AD331D17AF">
nicht
<normalizedToken id="165CF6EBF6A575C0B66DD88335E98F8C" originalValue="gefährdet">gefaehrdet</normalizedToken>
(Least Concern)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="5C54C0361AC31C007CF325551927C06C">
<td id="C60D0A347FCD4ECB14480821242D0346" class="regional_status">
<normalizedToken id="1D6F42B4AF6FA2DDB0986188D0E31D4C" originalValue="Östliche">Oestliche</normalizedToken>
Zentralalpen (EA)
</td>
<td id="82F5402D10A0CBCF807A743B340471D4">
nicht
<normalizedToken id="37CE581D8C2E3633F150E9502EDC274B" originalValue="gefährdet">gefaehrdet</normalizedToken>
(Least Concern)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="4D7F6213FA01DCD9681723F574851BA4">
<td id="B71AD986A15E433E77DBED10CF25DA08" class="regional_status">Westliche Zentralalpen (WA)</td>
<td id="0419C7AC5C9DE890EF082ADA7BB380B3">--</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="21663DEEBF20D7D92D302B78E53DAB42">
<heading id="D93DF0B6F28433321323052182BC02EC">
Status nationale
<normalizedToken id="6ED6F1A9DE56B90B8755B1601CE50B5B" originalValue="Priorität">Prioritaet</normalizedToken>
/Verantwortung
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9F049F9093CD4BF2F8FFD4694B9A201F">
<table id="8353A182E5427666847594A58CD05BFB" class="table" inLine="true">
<tr id="51312A128772BD9D5B8F81E7F11A5083">
<td id="B33DCE9018CE5740DD3C4EEBFC3709BE">
Keine nationale
<normalizedToken id="86CAF59FF1467F9C577F0B0C0240D6D7" originalValue="Priorität">Prioritaet</normalizedToken>
oder internationale Verantwortung
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1C233FBBAB773EB7C77B9D5EFC5BB5FE">
<heading id="B4305363EE0FE4470B587D978A1A0F0F">Schutzstatus</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA7C25FE1AD9E391E20C0A6496DE9DA6">
<table id="66BF31CA2EC9018BC5686829E4EC089A" class="table" inLine="true">
<tr id="656C08504CE5F8EA22F586409209AA29">
<td id="E2ED582F2407D0E2B86AC43A83C97938">Kein internationaler, nationaler oder kantonaler Schutz</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

124
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<bibCitation author="Linnaeus" pagination="119" title="Oldenlandia corymbosa" volumeTitle="Species Plantarum 1" year="1753">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="492ZP" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Oldenlandia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="corymbosa">
<emphasis bold="true" pageNumber="698">Oldenlandia corymbosa</emphasis>
Linnaeus
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageNumber="698">Species Plantarum</emphasis>
1
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: 119. 1753
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.
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<subSubSection pageNumber="698" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageNumber="698">&quot;Habitat in America meridionali.&quot; RCN: 983.</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageNumber="698" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageNumber="698">
<typeStatus>
<typeStatus>Lectotype</typeStatus>
</typeStatus>
(Verdcourt in Polhill,
<emphasis italics="true" pageNumber="698">
Fl. Trop. E. Africa,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rubiaceae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
1: 308. 1976): [icon]
<emphasis italics="true" pageNumber="698">
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Oldenlandia”">&quot;Oldenlandia&quot;</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
in Plumier, Nov. Pl. Amer.: 42, t. 36. 1703.
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<subSubSection pageNumber="698" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageNumber="698">
<typeStatus>
<typeStatus>Generitype</typeStatus>
</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Oldenlandia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageNumber="698">Oldenlandia</emphasis>
Linnaeus
</taxonomicName>
(vide Hitchcock,
<emphasis italics="true" pageNumber="698">Prop. Brit. Bot.</emphasis>
: 125. 1929).
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<subSubSection pageNumber="698" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageNumber="698">
Current name:
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="492ZP" ID-ENA="43536" authority="L." authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Oldenlandia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="corymbosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageNumber="698">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageNumber="698">Oldenlandia corymbosa</emphasis>
</emphasis>
L.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rubiaceae</taxonomicName>
).
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<paragraph pageNumber="698">
<emphasis italics="true" pageNumber="698">Note:</emphasis>
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choice of type appears to be the earliest though some later authors (e.g. Nazimuddin &amp; Qaiserin (in Nasir &amp; Ali,
<emphasis italics="true" pageNumber="698">Fl. Pakistan</emphasis>
190: 15. 1989) have erroneously treated the post-1753
<specimenReference collectionCode="LINN" specimenCode="155.9">
Herb. Linn. 155.9 (
<collectionCode>LINN</collectionCode>
)
</specimenReference>
as
<normalizedToken originalValue="“type”">&quot;type&quot;</normalizedToken>
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Champion, 1906b: 34
</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 46–54" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 46 - 54. Variation in eye shape. 46 Poecilogaster brevis [ARTSYS 0000805] with relatively vertical, separated eyes 47 Arachnomorpha circumlineata [ARTSYS 0000535] showing subcontiguous eyes separated at the top by a broad interocular space 48 Archocopturus medeterae [ASUHIC 0086637] with subcontiguous eyes separated at the top by a thin lanceolate space 49 Cylindrocopturus quercus [ASUHIC 0016905] with vertical, separated eyes 50 Helleriella longicollis [ASUHIC 0065241] with widely separated eyes and a very thin rostrum 51 Larides cavifrons [ASUHIC 0016882], showing a strongly depressed interocular space 52 Male Lissoderes cecropiae [ASUHIC 0064708] showing oval, subcontiguous eyes and an apical antennal insertion on the rostrum 53 Philenis fuscofemorata [ARTSYS 0000659] showing ovoid eyes and slender antennae 54 Zygopsella ruficauda [ARTSYS 0000526] with a sinuous lateral and mesal margin of the eyes which is strongly inflexed at the lower lateral margin." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.683.12080.figures46–54" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143830" pageId="40" pageNumber="91">Figs 51</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 95–98" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figures 95 - 98. Lateral and dorsal habitus images of Zygopini. Scale bars = 2 mm unless otherwise specified. 95 a-b Cylindrocopturus quercus [ARTSYS 0000819]; scale bars = 1 mm 96 a-b Helleriella longicollis [ASUHIC 0065241] 97 a-b Larides cavifrons [ASUHIC 0016882] 98 a-b Lissoderes subnudus [SSAC 0001136]; scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.683.12080.figures95–98" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143839" pageId="40" pageNumber="91">, 97</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="91" type="type species">
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="91">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="91">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Larides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Larides cavifrons" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavifrons">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="91">Larides cavifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Champion, 1906 [by original designation].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="91" type="gender">
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="91">Gender.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="91">Masculine.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="91" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="91">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="91">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Larides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Larides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="91">Larides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinct from all other zygopine genera treated here with the exception of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Phileas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phileas" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="91">Phileas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with the short, stout, arcuate rostrum that does not extend much beyond the procoxae, more strongly developed ocular lobes that partially cover the eye, and eyes widely separated at the top and strongly concave in between (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 46–54" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 46 - 54. Variation in eye shape. 46 Poecilogaster brevis [ARTSYS 0000805] with relatively vertical, separated eyes 47 Arachnomorpha circumlineata [ARTSYS 0000535] showing subcontiguous eyes separated at the top by a broad interocular space 48 Archocopturus medeterae [ASUHIC 0086637] with subcontiguous eyes separated at the top by a thin lanceolate space 49 Cylindrocopturus quercus [ASUHIC 0016905] with vertical, separated eyes 50 Helleriella longicollis [ASUHIC 0065241] with widely separated eyes and a very thin rostrum 51 Larides cavifrons [ASUHIC 0016882], showing a strongly depressed interocular space 52 Male Lissoderes cecropiae [ASUHIC 0064708] showing oval, subcontiguous eyes and an apical antennal insertion on the rostrum 53 Philenis fuscofemorata [ARTSYS 0000659] showing ovoid eyes and slender antennae 54 Zygopsella ruficauda [ARTSYS 0000526] with a sinuous lateral and mesal margin of the eyes which is strongly inflexed at the lower lateral margin." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.683.12080.figures46–54" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143830" pageId="40" pageNumber="91">51</figureCitation>
). The antennae are inserted near the middle of the rostrum, the second antennal funicular article is not longer than the first, the mesoventrite is unmodified, and the hind femora are ventrally toothed and faintly carinate in the distal half. The distinction given by
<bibRefCitation author="Champion, GC" journalOrPublisher="The Canadian Entomologist" pageId="52" pageNumber="103" refId="B20" refString="Champion, GC, 1906b. Insecta - Coleoptera - Rhychophora - Curculionidae - Curculioninae (part). In: Champion GC (Ed.) Biologia Centrali-Americana (Vol. 4, part 5). 1-136." title="Insecta - Coleoptera - Rhychophora - Curculionidae - Curculioninae (part). In: Champion GC (Ed.) Biologia Centrali-Americana (Vol. 4, part 5). 1 - 136." year="1906 b">Champion (1906b</bibRefCitation>
: 35) between
<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Larides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Larides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="91">Larides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Phileas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phileas" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="91">Phileas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in their original descriptions is that
<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Larides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Larides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="91">Larides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the eyes &quot;less acuminate below and more widely separated above, the antennal club shorter and relatively stouter, and the prothorax and elytra subtruncate at the base&quot; seem insufficient for generic distinction, especially when considering the intrageneric variation of those characters in other conoderine genera. Both
<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Larides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Larides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="91">Larides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Phileas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phileas" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="91">Phileas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are monotypic, but
<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Larides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Larides cavifrons" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavifrons">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="91">Larides cavifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be easily separated from
<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Phileas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phileas granulatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granulatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="91">Phileas granulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Champion by the more strongly depressed interocular space and the metatibial apex that has a premucro oriented along the longitudinal axis of the tibia (at a 45° angle in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Phileas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phileas granulatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granulatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="91">Phileas granulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="91" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="91">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="91">
Couplet 38 in the below key serves to distinguish the genera
<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Larides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Larides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="91">Larides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Phileas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phileas" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="91">Phileas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, however, few specimens of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Larides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Larides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="91">Larides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and only one of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Phileas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phileas" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="91">Phileas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were observed in this study. Whether the tibial apex character, which easily separates the observed specimens but was not mentioned by Champion in the original descriptions, will hold for generic distinction when additional specimens and species are observed remains to be seen.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="91" type="phylogenetic relationships">
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="91">Phylogenetic relationships.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="91">
Very similar to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Phileas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phileas" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="91">Phileas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and as noted by R.S.
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939400770201" author="Anderson, RS" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="51" pageNumber="102" pagination="435 - 492" refId="B3" refString="Anderson, RS, 1994. A review of New World weevils associated with Viscaceae (mistletoes [in part]) including descriptions of new genera and new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Journal of Natural History 28 (2): 435 - 492, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939400770201" title="A review of New World weevils associated with Viscaceae (mistletoes [in part]) including descriptions of new genera and new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939400770201" volume="28" year="1994">Anderson (1994</bibRefCitation>
: 486) they are possibly congeneric, but insufficient material has been observed to comment further. Both genera share with the South American
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schonherr" authorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Timorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Timorus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="91">Timorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the short, robust rostrum, ocular lobes that are more developed than in other genera, and similarly shaped eyes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="91" type="host">
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="91">Host associations.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="91">
R.S.
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939400770201" author="Anderson, RS" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="51" pageNumber="102" pagination="435 - 492" refId="B3" refString="Anderson, RS, 1994. A review of New World weevils associated with Viscaceae (mistletoes [in part]) including descriptions of new genera and new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Journal of Natural History 28 (2): 435 - 492, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939400770201" title="A review of New World weevils associated with Viscaceae (mistletoes [in part]) including descriptions of new genera and new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939400770201" volume="28" year="1994">Anderson (1994</bibRefCitation>
: 486) reports specimens collected on the mistletoe
<taxonomicName authorityName="C.F.P.Martius" authorityYear="1830" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Loranthaceae" genus="Struthanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Struthanthus" order="Santalales" pageId="40" pageNumber="91" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="91">Struthanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
prob.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="91">quercicola</emphasis>
(Schltdl. &amp; Cham.) D.Don (
<taxonomicName authorityName="C.F.P.Martius" authorityYear="1830" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Loranthaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Santalales" pageId="40" pageNumber="91" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Loranthaceae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="91" type="described species">
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="91">Described species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="91">One.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="91" type="range">
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="91">Range.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="91">Mexico.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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21.
<taxonomicName id="0C0BE09AF3BD6CC28DD8D23F6815C42B" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:142796" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plagiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plagiolepis maura Santschi" lsidName-HNS="Plagiolepis maura Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maura">Plagiolepis maura Santschi</taxonomicName>
cf.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="51B89DCA680D4E0876C8D0A8B5858896" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="057246D344AC1147C9B13FD4B0BBB18F" lastPageNumber="122" pageNumber="121">
(1, w q m; 18, w; 22, w q; 28, w q; 31, w q; 34, w m; 35, w; 36, w q; 37, w; 38, w; 39, w; 41, w q; 44, w). This is a frequent ant at low altitudes although it was collected also at 600 m and 850 m. Nests are in soil, usually under stones or small wood debris. This identification is provisional. I have not used the name
<taxonomicName id="6DDCA24D54EB335FF01A0CB8ED45F486" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:142809" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plagiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plagiolepis barbara var. canariensis Santschi" lsidName-HNS="Plagiolepis barbara var. canariensis Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="barbara" subSpecies="canariensis">P. barbara canariensis</taxonomicName>
, used by Wellenius (1955) for his samples from El Hierro, because males and females of this species are much larger; in addition, the conspecificity of this last taxon with
<taxonomicName id="4C66FFAC88B0927AC8044893CFA25F8B" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:34202" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plagiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plagiolepis schmitzii Forel" lsidName-HNS="Plagiolepis schmitzii Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schmitzii">P. schmitzii</taxonomicName>
is highly probable (unpublished observations). This species has been exceedingly difficult to deal with. The West Mediterranean
<taxonomicName id="1CE3DE44EFDF559893682F45AD265302" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24789" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plagiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plagiolepis Mayr" lsidName-HNS="Plagiolepis Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Plagiolepis</taxonomicName>
sorely need a complete revision, as what follows attest. The key characteristic is aptery in sexuals: in early spring, small males were present in a nest at Arenas Blancas, running very rapidly. Its apterous aspect, suggested at first a social parasite. Thereafter, as all queens from El Hierro showed also to be apterous, their true nature was evident. Sexuals are not ergatoid: but for the lack of wings they have the characteristic male and gyne morphology. At Pie del Risco, one fully winged male was collected. This is the first free-living formicine ant in which wingless males have been noted. After checking material from other islands, it was soon clear that this is best interpreted as a case of wing polymorphism: in queens from the islands of Gran Canaria and La Gomera there is a variable degree of thoracic simplification, from a complete winged thorax to an apterous morphology, lacking tegulae and with a fused scutum and scutellum. An enhanced pilosity in pronotum and scutellum seems to be correlated with thorax simplification.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B15DD4E20187DD55140830D40BA7D6D0" pageNumber="122">
Aptery in ant males and queens has appeared independently several times under distinct selective pressures and its functional significance is also diverse (Heinze &amp; Ysuji, 1995; Espadaler 1997). Two other species in the genus
<taxonomicName id="8ECE90E71EC4A978039D00D99B4F3104" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24789" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plagiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plagiolepis Mayr" lsidName-HNS="Plagiolepis Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Plagiolepis</taxonomicName>
are known to have wingless males (
<taxonomicName id="D4FB9D57486AEADBBC226F35CD8A35B9" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:34213" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plagiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plagiolepis xene Stärcke" lsidName-HNS="Plagiolepis xene Stärcke" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xene">P. xene Staercke</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="8587F494DC65ACDBE852488EBE4FBF05" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:34157" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plagiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plagiolepis ampeloni (Faber)" lsidName-HNS="Plagiolepis ampeloni (Faber)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ampeloni">P. ampeloni (Faber)</taxonomicName>
or wingless females (
<taxonomicName id="F49F934B7376AECA837D0D91359D9ED8" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:34157" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plagiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plagiolepis ampeloni (Faber)" lsidName-HNS="Plagiolepis ampeloni (Faber)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ampeloni">P. ampeloni</taxonomicName>
) although this is probably related with the parasitic life of both species. It is legitimate to speculate on wing loss though none of the hypotheses exposed in Wagner &amp; Liebherr (1992) seems to apply in this case. Habitat stability is not applicable because of the recent volcanic eruptions and large-scale landslides at El Hierro (Gee et al., 2001). Habitat isolation neither seems to be appropriate as the numerous sites where this species has been collected attest. The energetic cost of flight is also to be rejected: El Hierro has not a cold climate and, even if the prevailing trade winds, from the Southwest are high, this admittedly ad-hoc explanation is invalidated by the fact that the similarly sized males and females of
<taxonomicName id="AB046C28FB4F2A42780AF8B58BAA4DFC" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:36246" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Solenopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Solenopsis canariensis Forel" lsidName-HNS="Solenopsis canariensis Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canariensis">Solenopsis canariensis</taxonomicName>
have retained full wings. The possibility of winged queens at El Hierro cannot be rejected.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>