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Journal of Paleontology 97 (6): 1251–1281. https://doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2023.58" title="A new eryopid temnospondyl from the Carboniferous - Permian boundary of Germany." volume="97" year="2023">Werneburg et al. 2023</bibRefCitation> +, after +<bibRefCitation id="E1A018E97AC2A8F1DC0188869D1E1763" author="Sawin" firstAuthor="Sawin" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College" pagination="405-464" refId="B24" refString="Sawin HJ (1941) The cranial anatomy of Eryops megacephalus. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College 88: 405–464." title="The cranial anatomy of Eryops megacephalus." volume="88" year="1941">Sawin 1941</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="A3D2623914F9027AC73D7536B3E1D6EB" author="Romer" firstAuthor="Romer" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard" pagination="1-367" refId="B21" refString="Romer AS (1947) Review of the Labyrinthodontia. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard 99: 1–367." title="Review of the Labyrinthodontia." volume="99" year="1947">Romer 1947</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="6EEAE1C679B14078621899678537372F" DOI="10.1007/BF02985720" author="Boy" firstAuthor="Boy" journalOrPublisher="Paläontologische Zeitschrift" pagination="287-312" refId="B1" refString="Boy JA (1990) Über einige Vertreter der Eryopoidea (Amphibia: Temnospondyli) aus dem europäischen Rotliegend (? höchstes Karbon-Perm). 3. Onchiodon. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 64: 287–312. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02985720" title="Über einige Vertreter der Eryopoidea (Amphibia: Temnospondyli) aus dem europäischen Rotliegend (? höchstes Karbon-Perm). 3. Onchiodon." volume="64" year="1990">Boy 1990</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="A731312DE0BDB08A8255F415BD40650A" author="Milner" firstAuthor="Milner" journalOrPublisher="Acta Musei Reginaehradecensis" pagination="131-137" refId="B16" refString="Milner AR (1989) The relationships of the eryopoid – grade temnospondyl amphibians from the Permian of Europe. Acta Musei Reginaehradecensis 22: 131–137." title="The relationships of the eryopoid - grade temnospondyl amphibians from the Permian of Europe." volume="22" year="1989">Milner 1989</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="29348E1AF0CF2B3A9B39079C9361EA58" DOI="10.1093/oso/9780198577188.003.0015" author="Milner" editor="Taylor PD & Larwood GP" firstAuthor="Milner" journalOrPublisher="Systematics Association Special Volume" pagination="321-349" refId="B17" refString="Milner AR (1990) Chapter 15. The radiations of temnospondyl amphibians. In: Taylor PD, Larwood GP (Eds) Major Evolutionary Radiations. 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Veröffentlichungen Naturhistorisches Museum Schleusingen 22: 3–40." title="Der “ Manebacher Saurier ” - ein neuer großer Eryopide (Onchiodon) aus dem Rotliegend (Unter-Perm) des Thüringer Waldes." volume="22" year="2007">Werneburg 2007</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="2EFC3091F838121CC30E1886DAA8A5A5" DOI="10.2992/007.081.0103" author="Werneburg and Berman" firstAuthor="Werneburg" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Carnegie Museum" pagination="45-72" refId="B43" refString="Werneburg R, Berman DS (2012) Revision of the aquatic eryopid temnospondyl Glaukerpeton avinoffi Romer, 1952, from the Upper Pennsylvanian of North America. Annals of Carnegie Museum 81 (1): 45–72. https://doi.org/10.2992/007.081.0103" title="Revision of the aquatic eryopid temnospondyl Glaukerpeton avinoffi Romer, 1952, from the Upper Pennsylvanian of North America." volume="81" year="2012">Werneburg and Berman 2012</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="3D7B33A8963782FBB7188968BF8D0E01" author="Schoch and Milner" firstAuthor="Schoch" journalOrPublisher="Friedrich Pfeil, Munich" refId="B31" refString="Schoch RR, Milner AR (2014) Encyclopedia of Paleoherpetology, Part 3 A 2, Temnospondyli I. Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, Munich, 150 pp." title="Encyclopedia of Paleoherpetology, Part 3 A 2, Temnospondyli I. Verlag Dr." year="2014">Schoch and Milner 2014</bibRefCitation> +): (1) Enlarged choana medially wide; (2) Ectopterygoid, palatine and vomer only with two or three fangs (without subsequent smaller teeth); (3) Lacrimal reaches anteriorly to the naris or septomaxilla; (4) Enlarged posterior width of skull (pS +<subScript id="538849DEA56C296F649B203FB61F64F0">w</subScript> +/ S +<subScript id="B97F6BC8DB9DE2C2782F7A5F0C2DCE88">l</subScript> += 0.92–1.10; compare Fig. +<figureCitation id="7A8985848EDA132F93624B4527C8D48F" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Reconstructed eryopid skull roof with measured distances. Abbreviations: aS w, anterior width of skull at level of maxilla-premaxilla sutures; H l, postorbital midline length of skull from level of posterior margins of orbits; H w, postorbital width of skull between lateral margins of supratemporals; IN w, minimum internarial width; IO w, minimum interorbital width; J w, transverse width of jugal at maximum lateral lacrimal extent of orbit; La l, maximum length of lacrimal; La w, maximum transverse width of lacrimal; mS w, midlength width of skull at midlength level of orbits; O l, maximum length of orbit; p, number of dermal skull pits or valleys per inch 2 (6.452 cm 2) mainly from frontal and jugal at midlength level of orbits; PO l, preorbital midline length of skull from level of anterior margins of orbits; Po l, maximum posterior length of postorbital from posteriormost extent of orbit; Po w, maximum transverse width of postorbital at contribution to orbital margin; pS w, maximum posterior width of skull at level of posterolateral margins of cheeks; S l, midline skull length; Th l, length of tabular horn region between levels of posterior tabular corner and occipital midline margin; W w, maximum transverse width of cheek from lateral margin of supratemporal anterior to otic notch." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208656">2</figureCitation> +); (5) Posterior part of the cultriform process widened (partly); (6) Interclavicle of adults proportionally small and broadly-ovate in outline; (7) Ilium with vertically directed dorsal process, which is anteroposteriorly widened dorsally. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="814EC0FB2B43774832EF417B3547DD9F"> +All three species to be revised, +<taxonomicName id="36F906BF75ABC0A1B018892F72DEDCD0" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus"> +<emphasis id="67EE2AA8187B479D9B90F0207734FDFD" italics="true">Clamorosaurus nocturnus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="DFC5E702BDC4E6AF07FD7B16C455DFC0" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis"> +<emphasis id="56DB165642A147FBF263807DAFDCFDA2" italics="true">C. borealis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="A5A17FC4A04F98CB2E2CBD5296163CE8" class="Amphibia" family="Intasuchidae" genus="Syndyodosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tetricus"> +<emphasis id="1E1FDB9478D0FBF0853B4405B9074504" italics="true">Syndyodosuchus tetricus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, fulfill the first four criteria of the family diagnosis. The fifth diagnostic feature is not present in all eryopid genera, only in +<taxonomicName id="C3232362A344500CE8A08F608A251F37" baseAuthorityName="Warren" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B0FB288DF2FA9102A6DAFCD649964ED4" italics="true">Eryops</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="3D4AB5999592877732AF02F98B430A4E" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Onchiodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="E1CD5F8C556803D8F0A96DC2F9E1A443" italics="true">Onchiodon</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. The sixth and seventh diagnostic features concern the interclavicle and ilium, which have not been recorded in all three species. In this respect, all these species can be assigned to the family +<taxonomicName id="DBAF3C49C8B1FB5A13A8043CB8DF401E" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1882" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Eryopidae</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/20/37/68/2037680B648056A3AC3BDBDAE287E493.xml b/data/20/37/68/2037680B648056A3AC3BDBDAE287E493.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c538061d098 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/20/37/68/2037680B648056A3AC3BDBDAE287E493.xml @@ -0,0 +1,1430 @@ +<document id="F7EA9BCE5A7DC28942D1AE136BEC5822" ID-DOI="10.3897/fr.27.e125460" ID-ZooBank="09729723-9CEC-4FBF-B0B1-FB8103534379" ID-publisher-id="125460" URI-arpha="2CB3E290-131D-5E15-A8A9-D678E2CCA8EC" URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/09729723-9CEC-4FBF-B0B1-FB8103534379" XM.bibliography_approvedBy="admin" 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id="600E4C3A81D3446A634B85B1DF715F23" type="volume"> +<mods:number id="9AA56E088385FE4A90BFE9ED9B4B5D84">27</mods:number> +</mods:detail> +<mods:detail id="3DAF669C4EF3234CC0807AA1667F6765" type="issue"> +<mods:number id="72531C338DB16513D05BCE3009DD32EE">3</mods:number> +</mods:detail> +<mods:extent id="FBF6DFD23FDDDEB1687D0DC4A37270E3" unit="page"> +<mods:start id="989AC4D56A2B5BC3EA1972659D0EBFBB">353</mods:start> +<mods:end id="82AFA3D0439D5F10A312D81B62EE87C7">380</mods:end> +</mods:extent> +</mods:part> +</mods:relatedItem> +<mods:classification id="63936D1452722F18170DC619803DD268">journal article</mods:classification> +<mods:identifier id="FA2EEE699603E01E26657E0F1936B38B" type="DOI">10.3897/fr.27.e125460</mods:identifier> +<mods:identifier id="F55F56B2119FEC939BEE000D151FC9E3" type="ZooBank">09729723-9CEC-4FBF-B0B1-FB8103534379</mods:identifier> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="2037680B648056A3AC3BDBDAE287E493" ID-arpha="2037680B-6480-56A3-AC3B-DBDAE287E493" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2037680B648056A3AC3BDBDAE287E493" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2037680B648056A3AC3BDBDAE287E493" scope_class="Amphibia" scope_family="Eryopidae" scope_order="Temnospondyli"> +<subSubSection id="9BFF93F0D0773F2670AC76F3FD904BF7" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="0D3B1852A31FF5A60BB0FF56E49ACD68"> +<taxonomicName id="02F8C7CD671DB84C3FC74A14999343D2" authority="Gubin, 1983" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus"> +<emphasis id="AA1420357EC7B5EE893D0C6E3739FF73" italics="true">Clamorosaurus nocturnus</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="A632CEDF7571A0F58987CB9E74A82D75" author="Gubin YM" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontologiceskij Zhurnal" pagination="110-115" refId="B6" refString="Gubin YM (1983) The first eryopids from the Permian of the East-European Platform. Palaeontologiceskij Zhurnal 1983: 110 - 115. [in Russian]" title="The first eryopids from the Permian of the East-European Platform." volume="1983" year="1983">Gubin, 1983</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="E3FE0A31E688B9A5975BD3C635D67448" type="description"> +<paragraph id="8C2049DABD824694F2DFF1BE07AB1F7B"> +<figureCitation id="67BA46AF461538894BA7CD99E4E1548C" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Clamorosaurus nocturnus Gubin, 1983, skull roof in dorsal view, with scapulocoracoid, clavicle and ventral scales (A, B), holotype PIN 1582 / 1, from the Sheshminskian Gorizont (late Kungurian, Permian) of the Pechora River (Komi Republic, Russia). Abbreviations: cl, clavicle; f, frontal; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; n, nasal; p, parietal; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pp, postparietal; prf, prefrontal; pt, pterygoid; ptf, postfrontal; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sc, scapulocoracoid; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; t, tabular; vs, ventral scales." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208657">Figs 3</figureCitation> +, +<figureCitation id="63BD75AB88BCBE94C135A3C9D15B490E" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Clamorosaurus nocturnus Gubin, 1983, second specimen PIN 1582 / 4, with skull roof in dorsal view (A, B), and palate in ventral view (C, D), from the Sheshminskian Gorizont (late Kungurian, Permian) of the Pechora River (Komi Republic, Russia). Abbreviations: ap, anterior palatal depression; bp, basal plate of parasphenoid; ch, choane; cp, cultriform process; ec, ectopterygoid; ept, epipterygoid; f, frontal; faci, furrow for carotid artery; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pt, pterygoid; ptf, postfrontal; qj, quadratojugal; sm, septomaxilla; sq, squamosal; v, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208658">4</figureCitation> +, +<figureCitation id="3758FC40CEF538A0C32D81D0E275AB30" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Clamorosaurus nocturnus Gubin, 1983, further specimens, an anterior skull (PIN 1582 / 6) with skull roof in dorsal view (A, B), and palatal remains in ventral view (C, D), basal plate of parasphenoid and clavicular blade of the holotype in ventral view (PIN 1582 / 1, E), and postcranial bones from an additional specimen (PIN 1582 / 2 a – b, F) with remains of the scapulacoracoid, clavicle and ribs, all from the Sheshminskian Gorizont (late Kungurian, Permian) of the Pechora River (Komi Republic, Russia). Abbreviations: ap, anterior palatal depression; bp, basal plate of parasphenoid; ch, choane; cl, clavicle; ec, ectopterygoid; faci, furrow for carotid artery; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; ms, median suture; n, nasal; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; r, rib; sc, scapulocoracoid; sm, septomaxilla; v, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208659">5</figureCitation> +, +<figureCitation id="3DBCD4579DD3BBE16A3ED4C0EBE8DDB0" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Clamorosaurus nocturnus Gubin, 1983, tentative reconstruction of the skull roof in dorsal view (A), and of the palate in ventral view (B). Abbreviations: ap, anterior palatal depression; bp, basal plate of parasphenoid; ch, choane; cp, cultriform process; ec, ectopterygoid; f, frontal; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; p, parietal; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pp, postparietal; prf, prefrontal; pt, pterygoid; ptf, postfrontal; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sm, septomaxilla; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; t, tabular; v, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208660">6</figureCitation> +, +<figureCitation id="DF7C4296FC7A57C65D0009EC9FB7C42B" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Comparison of the revised Russian eryopid skulls in dorsal and palatal view, Clamorosaurus nocturnus (A, B), Clamorosaurus borealis (C, D), Syndyodosuchus tetricus (E, F). Abbreviations: aci, foramen for carotid artery; bp, basal plate of parasphenoid; ch, choane; cp, cultriform process; ec, ectopterygoid; ept, epipterygoid; f, frontal; faci, furrows for carotid artery; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; p, parietal; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pp, postparietal; prf, prefrontal; pt, pterygoid; ptf, postfrontal; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sm, septomaxilla; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; t, tabular; v, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208668">14 A, B</figureCitation> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="SECID0EM1AE" type="Holotype"> +<paragraph id="371B319669C9B94038893208B268350B"> +<heading id="A3F19ACECC66A6B05EDC4A05194D3800" reason="title"> +<typeStatus id="57874CE0D78E7706A27946B1C96A0DAE" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus> +. +</heading> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="3922C2AFD69A8EBF68A00EAB11EC73D1"> +<materialsCitation id="063506778A055A6441208A2C42AF97BB" collectionCode="PIN" specimenCode="PIN 1582/1" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype"> +<specimenCode id="BFC03D9DAEFB685B69E1FF809308178A" collectionCode="PIN" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kjjc-ziy5" name="Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences" type=""> +<named-content id="CDBC40C3101C85B64882D3965B59924F" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/paleontological-institute-russian-academy-sciences" xlink_title="Paleontological Institute, Academy of Sciences, Moscow">PIN</named-content> +1582/1 +</specimenCode> +, consisting of the skull roof (skull length +<quantity id="1CDB96959F6822B74F47C097CF212B82" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8199999999999998" unit="cm" value="18.2">18.2 cm</quantity> +), scapulocoracoid and ventral scales, together with undetermined bony remains, and a partly prepared section of the basal plate of the parasphenoid and the clavicle, both in ventral view. +</materialsCitation> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="SECID0EW1AE" type="material"> +<paragraph id="39004D31E4852AD430ABC25F58E23A5B"> +<heading id="0D2C3604C0F1920FF6E70C329A370A8E" reason="title">Other material.</heading> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="C94DDB37EC01C5F4441426DD413514DF"> +<specimenCode id="46123DDAB694F2EC7B058EECAA8C1615"> +<named-content id="4ACEBDC68A454CF821638FEE1BA9726C" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/paleontological-institute-russian-academy-sciences" xlink_title="Paleontological Institute, Academy of Sciences, Moscow"> +<collectionCode id="0C7A5726E7A2E8591362D1E1EFB4F671" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kjjc-ziy5" name="Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences" type="">PIN</collectionCode> +</named-content> +1582/4 +</specimenCode> +, consisting of the anterior part of a skull with the skull roof in dorsal and the palate in ventral view; +<specimenCode id="691CC65358A8DA779EB9356CCA1F5208"> +<named-content id="2123F2FD6F78D4A9B1F3CE73EB46A068" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/paleontological-institute-russian-academy-sciences" xlink_title="Paleontological Institute, Academy of Sciences, Moscow"> +<collectionCode id="CF7E79015428BFF5F6EA1E61CA10041A" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kjjc-ziy5" name="Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences" type="">PIN</collectionCode> +</named-content> +1582/6 +</specimenCode> +, consisting of the anterior part of a skull with the skull roof in dorsal view and the fangs of ectopterygoid, palatine and vomer of the palate in ventral view; +<specimenCode id="E773ABC30DAC08D75E39F9F2FC618B07"> +<named-content id="71D7F37AFD281A51D8BF4A154C2EB10B" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/paleontological-institute-russian-academy-sciences" xlink_title="Paleontological Institute, Academy of Sciences, Moscow"> +<collectionCode id="711DF234D8B26F0D7D6346E5409E125F" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kjjc-ziy5" name="Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences" type="">PIN</collectionCode> +</named-content> +1582/2 +</specimenCode> +a, consisting of a scapulacoracoid with ribs, +<specimenCode id="BCD93B60791FEDA696E2D747F672693B"> +<named-content id="03606E694CDCE6F69E2FE93D8D6B5A62" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/paleontological-institute-russian-academy-sciences" xlink_title="Paleontological Institute, Academy of Sciences, Moscow"> +<collectionCode id="762FB78D77579E1712D5A2A0A1ADDE34" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kjjc-ziy5" name="Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences" type="">PIN</collectionCode> +</named-content> +1582/2 +</specimenCode> +b representing a clavicle, and +<specimenCode id="C79AFC55B0F99DF3253893D6E50BB83D"> +<named-content id="81A3EF5B538F23B45376697DE7F36370" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/paleontological-institute-russian-academy-sciences" xlink_title="Paleontological Institute, Academy of Sciences, Moscow"> +<collectionCode id="8F9558F1F8D43770BA620C1DD4AA70D0" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kjjc-ziy5" name="Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences" type="">PIN</collectionCode> +</named-content> +1582/2 +</specimenCode> +c consisting of a possible humerus-fragment in two parts). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="SECID0EQ2AE" type="Occurrence"> +<paragraph id="48A526C2D71B7754BBD99F164BC1BDC7"> +<heading id="C9BD5399408104A0011020FA19FCD3BE" reason="title">Occurrence.</heading> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="03E5062BB9BF1D691EE5DC40C49ACE58"> +All this referred material was discovered near the town of Pechora on the lower Pechora River ( +<collectingRegion id="7CA09251D2921C0A862858E0297B04F0" country="Russia" name="Komi">Komi Republic</collectingRegion> +, +<collectingCountry id="B7B841B76CC64E1FCF198C8C61C13E1B" name="Russia">Russia</collectingCountry> +) in the Sheshminskian Gorizont (Ufimian), late Kungurian (Cisuralian, Permian). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="SECID0EV2AE" type="diagnosis"> +<paragraph id="C14CAC8C296393CB616498C7B01AE6C9"> +<heading id="15A5F5BC183E341FF656E215A2FFF7A9" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="3737031A2280EFFCCE3D67024F91C16F"> +<taxonomicName id="A87C84D5CC500D63A8D3148B64ACA817" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus"> +<emphasis id="55A578B4A50DA0A32EDBCF76010C549E" italics="true">C. nocturnus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +has no autapomorphies, but a unique combination of characters: (1) Density of sculpture pattern quantified as the number of pits per in +<superScript id="91582408405DE9CEF15BB74FF5F6F516">2</superScript> +on frontal plus jugal range between 3.08 and 4.07, shared with +<taxonomicName id="FD64EF78EE23081B982660D0FA9DE7D3" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis"> +<emphasis id="DEF4D2BA0B96899111DFBCB14C976EED" italics="true">C. borealis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="A311A1F2B7C4D77764B5B0E6E44F7B6C" baseAuthorityName="Werneburg and Berman" baseAuthorityYear="2012" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Glaukerpeton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="801E5536A0F33219F66AED6A6B72D5BB" italics="true">Glaukerpeton</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and close to +<taxonomicName id="C07497FBAEC758758B2B4248B52FA568" authorityName="Konzhukova" authorityYear="1956" class="Amphibia" family="Intasuchidae" genus="Syndyodosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B9CE26070A4BDEBD8017CD8AC80F3506" italics="true">Syndyodosuchus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, but in contrast to all other eryopids; (2) Premaxillary and maxillary teeth are small and circular in cross section, in contrast to +<taxonomicName id="DA9A86C6C7A35506EB590387755D2FE8" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis"> +<emphasis id="502C0A3621ECBB8ACE04FEC3F417E092" italics="true">C. borealis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="889DDE927C81BF3AC2979DCA618970AF" baseAuthorityName="Boy" baseAuthorityYear="1990" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Onchiodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="labyrinthicus"> +<emphasis id="A4F750B6B11F26B99B37938EF11981BD" italics="true">O. labyrinthicus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="01A4C61558DCE57501C0515436B4AD9B" baseAuthorityName="Warren" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="79F7FF983726EEBD53DB42662045BCD5" italics="true">Eryops</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; (3) Teeth no. 8 and 9 are the largest in the premaxilla, in contrast to +<taxonomicName id="09D881CA307E417EF5F908C2CFA120CD" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis"> +<emphasis id="826F24494E5D19B0FEFE2C497693D3CA" italics="true">C. borealis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and many other eryopids; (4) Tooth no. 6 is the largest in the maxilla, in contrast to +<taxonomicName id="F86644F63600B272F5AD6C7AB5F786FD" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis"> +<emphasis id="7A082BC8256196231511F3FEB8421042" italics="true">C. borealis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and many other eryopids; (5) Equal internarial and interorbital width, in contrast to +<taxonomicName id="41C21A95D2C7A0AE5E6BA70B60AE64D6" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis"> +<emphasis id="2380692E1378CA1CD7907F9A57F79337" italics="true">C. borealis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="AD9D7DB6F09257EE790B1A713C886C81" authorityName="Konzhukova" authorityYear="1956" class="Amphibia" family="Intasuchidae" genus="Syndyodosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="0162485DF7D53472C569DC3937F3F242" italics="true">Syndyodosuchus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="D37DD5BFCB5745A32D38977A414B42DE" baseAuthorityName="Werneburg and Berman" baseAuthorityYear="2012" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Glaukerpeton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6E4722668D8EC85BA0EAD6114611CE11" italics="true">Glaukerpeton</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="A2F323E1383D76A33B1CC29BE5910736" baseAuthorityName="Sawin" baseAuthorityYear="1941" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megacephalus"> +<emphasis id="B744CA1B032C1E7BE39AD02BE2357686" italics="true">E. megacephalus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; (6) Narrow interorbital width, shared with +<taxonomicName id="835856ECA1092EDDA0FC96D86278064F" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis"> +<emphasis id="5DF285F04932665E87EF829515038576" italics="true">C. borealis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4F902F3BAAF742C5E2036D6D9AEFEDB3" authorityName="Konzhukova" authorityYear="1956" class="Amphibia" family="Intasuchidae" genus="Syndyodosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="699770776A49C5E0B4212AE53A6704F3" italics="true">Syndyodosuchus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="2347A5D8D447D45D8348A064471634CA" authorityName="Gaudry" authorityYear="1867" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Actinodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="D5174E0605DEA60625ED56F296007750" italics="true">Actinodon</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="E1BFCC7286D7CE12A23526792597C3F5" baseAuthorityName="Sawin" baseAuthorityYear="1941" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megacephalus"> +<emphasis id="C27DE97C0C63AEC135AF2C753765BBF2" italics="true">E. megacephalus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; (7) Jugal very wide, shared with +<taxonomicName id="CFD88C8E0582ACAFC726A0B035CC9252" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis"> +<emphasis id="CF16E03C409EB5F994081A4032C03D9C" italics="true">C. borealis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="0F0874B6DC30266CAF478C85537F2891" baseAuthorityName="Werneburg" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Onchiodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thuringiensis"> +<emphasis id="CE5424F54F8FA3163C0C79F24A7E3AD1" italics="true">O. thuringiensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="5AADC458253620B752BC1DED0E2C15C9" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined"> +<emphasis id="E82349B0038F09CFC37109F186E5DE08" italics="true">Eryops</emphasis> +sp. +</taxonomicName> +from the Moran Formation ( +<collectionCode id="D5C012A927EBF83AB4B55F573B8A0719" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" type="Museum">MCZ</collectionCode> +1914; Werneburg 2008; +<bibRefCitation id="A35881E1FEBD3DEBF27AA1A4E594C308" author="Schoch and Milner" firstAuthor="Schoch" journalOrPublisher="Friedrich Pfeil, Munich" refId="B31" refString="Schoch RR, Milner AR (2014) Encyclopedia of Paleoherpetology, Part 3 A 2, Temnospondyli I. Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, Munich, 150 pp." title="Encyclopedia of Paleoherpetology, Part 3 A 2, Temnospondyli I. Verlag Dr." year="2014">Schoch and Milner 2014</bibRefCitation> +); (8) Septomaxilla is completely unsculptured and ventrally directed, shared with +<taxonomicName id="85B37331CDB2EB1FE943AC1456264A40" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis"> +<emphasis id="D6B834E017D89DCCB1EFE247104C7DA1" italics="true">C. borealis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="78050EF9919229F76F0BCBD6B8017570" baseAuthorityName="Warren" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="8CBBFA53F9FD71690D1B208992D6F57C" italics="true">Eryops</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="4990ECF1EBCFC3A78EB4F9CAC0288EC8" baseAuthorityName="Werneburg and Berman" baseAuthorityYear="2012" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Glaukerpeton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="2C10852C973EEB25FBF27C5D808649F6" italics="true">Glaukerpeton</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; (9) Short contact between jugal and prefrontal, shared with +<taxonomicName id="833566990ECCE2544DD0E4A88F0EA7B0" authorityName="Konzhukova" authorityYear="1956" class="Amphibia" family="Intasuchidae" genus="Syndyodosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="43FF86731AD7D85F58584A943BAD4D85" italics="true">Syndyodosuchus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="3D79F7262B4FA0C361A30EAD96E1E1D5" baseAuthorityName="Werneburg and Berman" baseAuthorityYear="2012" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Glaukerpeton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="7DBB966D0B8F47EEEE9E5B832903AB7C" italics="true">Glaukerpeton</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="AC14906F196BF37C69DC8C57B2596C13" authorityName="Gaudry" authorityYear="1867" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Actinodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="D9766130ADDFE30B0158D1C555A01289" italics="true">Actinodon</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="364EE4FE1FA160AC1B4873729F35D70E" baseAuthorityName="Boy" baseAuthorityYear="1990" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Onchiodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="labyrinthicus"> +<emphasis id="23274087DD9C18EC218C211C187A6EAE" italics="true">O. labyrinthicus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, but in contrast to +<taxonomicName id="55F36CDD2C0E5BA68BF0BE63C2A0074D" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis"> +<emphasis id="0D885745CA32F2C27C9ADEC8997DE2CE" italics="true">C. borealis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="05AB1DBEFD370E8038CA48E3B5C65B1C" baseAuthorityName="Werneburg" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Onchiodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thuringiensis"> +<emphasis id="BD7D3EC600ACDDF1AEE92FBE39695CE5" italics="true">O. thuringiensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="B8F915292D091EF49A7FDF4991D3E342" baseAuthorityName="Sawin" baseAuthorityYear="1941" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megacephalus"> +<emphasis id="0B63B13B800C4A8FE630E7C085AED9A2" italics="true">E. megacephalus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; (10) Supratemporal wide, but longer than wide, in contrast to +<taxonomicName id="20FB59B339E5602968A270AA4A35C802" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis"> +<emphasis id="859B1926255A92ABC4FD399D59D99BCD" italics="true">C. borealis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; (11) No interfrontal, in contrast to +<taxonomicName id="CC6B1B8C123E1DC797956FA688304A1B" baseAuthorityName="Warren" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="D4E90310EF38768FCF67ED9FCFEAFCB2" italics="true">Eryops</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="37CE0A06B5C4F164622D63461000D475" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Osteophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="838C41B8030FD9D16DD8E15600AEC2C8" italics="true">Osteophorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; (12) No lateral line sulci, in contrast to +<taxonomicName id="14E39C66994E3B52B52A511E9FF1C0AC" baseAuthorityName="Werneburg and Berman" baseAuthorityYear="2012" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Glaukerpeton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="546D46E2996423FE755D389DACA723E7" italics="true">Glaukerpeton</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="FAC6CABE3859E27FB1B2F759A31972D1" authorityName="Gaudry" authorityYear="1867" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Actinodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="A0173876FA414EEFBF2437E1311C5E16" italics="true">Actinodon</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; (13) Interchoanal width is equal to internarial width, in contrast to +<taxonomicName id="EBD4F120394D8D758C31B0256CAA027B" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis"> +<emphasis id="66D65263322DACEB48EFCAEF5F768601" italics="true">C. borealis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; (14) Short and wide palatine, only slightly longer than wide; (15) Ectopterygoid much longer than palatine; (16) Narrow basal plate of parasphenoid, in contrast to +<taxonomicName id="0D2A71BA26690DE264D86AEBC0C123DE" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis"> +<emphasis id="A9A109925417973CB3A2F2C71C306A04" italics="true">C. borealis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="E0BCC3C618793AD1C286EBDACE99AD3D" authority=", Stenokranio" authorityName="Stenokranio" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Onchiodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="A225E221856AD6D51B23DC1C935417D8" italics="true">Onchiodon</emphasis> +, +<emphasis id="11FEB76AB58BF1C382133C8AD781D361" italics="true">Stenokranio</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="8E55E02BC79B22958DEC095971D1B222" baseAuthorityName="Werneburg and Berman" baseAuthorityYear="2012" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Glaukerpeton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="0ECE558B1FCF699EF734012225E3E99F" italics="true">Glaukerpeton</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; (17) Cultriform process of parasphenoid longer than median length of vomer, shared with nearly all eryopids, but in contrast to +<taxonomicName id="A41F4469E2D19A6B788A4AE82D3CE314" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis"> +<emphasis id="96A7C166FC63903AA4762C21872D12AA" italics="true">C. borealis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="SECID0EVHAG" type="description"> +<paragraph id="34247AA3A6686332B9DCA5E5BFD8B6F4"> +<heading id="907E502EEFB728CEC920843060633519" reason="title">Comparative description.</heading> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="EF727920ABBE5E4DEBFCAACCE7669CAA"> +Three incompletely preserved skulls with median lengths of +<quantity id="1BC92EDDEEDFB124C443B7C3EF2A5A16" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.6" unit="cm" value="17.0" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="16.0">16 to 18 cm</quantity> +show the skull roof in dorsal view and parts of the palate in ventral view. They have complementary, congruent features, such as a small, dense dermal sculpture, small, almost oval orbitae, a very narrow interorbital region (IOw / Sl = 0.21), a very wide jugal, a wide lacrimal that reaches to the naris in front, and rather small teeth in the maxilla and premaxilla. Therefore, all these skulls belong to the same species. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="7A2BA7BD417A3D1C57BC2825CB541477"> +<emphasis id="E593EAFD68896350E4946841FC90C394" bold="true"> +<emphasis id="467838AF3E47C246218FE38F80BB13CA" bold="true" italics="true">General skull morphology</emphasis> +. +</emphasis> +The dermal sculpture of the dorsal surface of the skull roof corresponds to the relatively fine sculpture pattern known from some eryopids such as +<taxonomicName id="2BB5BCDB4329A2F5B729239000C4FC0A" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis"> +<emphasis id="164E7BEFE8C161039D37B1DF9D47723B" italics="true">Clamorosaurus borealis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="6E9ED43AEC14ADD102139E7992F34DD5" class="Amphibia" family="Intasuchidae" genus="Syndyodosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tetricus"> +<emphasis id="B9B5766FBB72DE07DA764DD675DE1EA9" italics="true">Syndyodosuchus tetricus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="789834EE0124D44FADDCFBCF69C868F0" authority="(Werneburg and Berman 2012)" baseAuthorityName="Werneburg and Berman" baseAuthorityYear="2012" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Glaukerpeton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="avinoffi"> +<emphasis id="BF6B313D8C1343B9E0A29E2431D89FCC" italics="true">Glaukerpeton avinoffi</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="A2E1B2617A66CAA844D4B539C3A27642" DOI="10.2992/007.081.0103" author="Werneburg and Berman" firstAuthor="Werneburg" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Carnegie Museum" pagination="45-72" refId="B43" refString="Werneburg R, Berman DS (2012) Revision of the aquatic eryopid temnospondyl Glaukerpeton avinoffi Romer, 1952, from the Upper Pennsylvanian of North America. Annals of Carnegie Museum 81 (1): 45–72. https://doi.org/10.2992/007.081.0103" title="Revision of the aquatic eryopid temnospondyl Glaukerpeton avinoffi Romer, 1952, from the Upper Pennsylvanian of North America." volume="81" year="2012">Werneburg and Berman 2012</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +(Table +<tableCitation id="5D049850FE8B482B6794D3C4F9FBAFA3" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Ranges of density counts of dermal sculpture pits (p) and valleys per in 2 (6.452 cm 2) of frontal and jugal in relation to the skull length (S l in cm) given separately and combined for eryopids and grouped by genus, species, and maturity (Werneburg and Berman 2012; Werneburg et al. 2023)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/16816ABE791A2A67C12BD40F633C60A1" tableUuid="16816ABE791A2A67C12BD40F633C60A1">1</tableCitation> +). It consists of a reticulated pattern of small pits and valleys separated by narrow ridges (Figs +<figureCitation id="3A07A7D6E9AA82845A5048EDBB6E53D6" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Stratigraphic position of the Sheshminskian horizon (A) and geographical map with the position of the locations Inta and Pechora at the NW-margin of the Ural Mountains in the Komi Republic of Russia (B)." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208655">1</figureCitation> +– +<figureCitation id="F0EBF9FAD988D703E7385AB928CD77DD" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Clamorosaurus nocturnus Gubin, 1983, skull roof in dorsal view, with scapulocoracoid, clavicle and ventral scales (A, B), holotype PIN 1582 / 1, from the Sheshminskian Gorizont (late Kungurian, Permian) of the Pechora River (Komi Republic, Russia). Abbreviations: cl, clavicle; f, frontal; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; n, nasal; p, parietal; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pp, postparietal; prf, prefrontal; pt, pterygoid; ptf, postfrontal; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sc, scapulocoracoid; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; t, tabular; vs, ventral scales." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208657">3</figureCitation> +). The nasal, jugal and squamosal show much more radially directed ridges. The density of the sculpture pattern is quantified as the number of pits per in +<superScript id="B2A34066B2F09428B18380CF4EF73A05">2</superScript> +( +<quantity id="FBDED40E6ABED9C40AD87958AB7AC1EC" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.452" unit="cm" value="6.452">6.452 cm</quantity> +<superScript id="C53A727C8642B4D10E58F1265392BCA5">2</superScript> +) on the frontal and jugal, which are typically well-preserved bones in eryopid skulls, and as a proportion of those counts to skull length. These intraspecific indices range between elements and specimens of +<taxonomicName id="6EBD12795E5853441FF91C5AD3A89421" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus"> +<emphasis id="87401E1A2572B5F9A8A57D1D47F57D86" italics="true">C. nocturnus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +between 3.08 and 4.07, which are very similar in +<taxonomicName id="1190E286AD82E2B81B064E42641B810F" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis"> +<emphasis id="EB5030E1F46A0E93382D0C2F6E7538AD" italics="true">C. borealis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="850A812051A38EB31A56A0085463A70F" class="Amphibia" family="Intasuchidae" genus="Syndyodosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tetricus"> +<emphasis id="D83A75D2F68006E47BD022DFCBFCE7EF" italics="true">S. tetricus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="ACE441DEE91DA84C1F7DFAABED6A1207" baseAuthorityName="Werneburg and Berman" baseAuthorityYear="2012" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Glaukerpeton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="avinoffi"> +<emphasis id="8778E3E1C1458C9C891EFCD573AF1F4F" italics="true">G. avinoffi</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(Table +<tableCitation id="B3AFB429A163FC8BA73D38550B799D7F" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Ranges of density counts of dermal sculpture pits (p) and valleys per in 2 (6.452 cm 2) of frontal and jugal in relation to the skull length (S l in cm) given separately and combined for eryopids and grouped by genus, species, and maturity (Werneburg and Berman 2012; Werneburg et al. 2023)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/16816ABE791A2A67C12BD40F633C60A1" tableUuid="16816ABE791A2A67C12BD40F633C60A1">1</tableCitation> +). The dermal sculpture of the dorsal surface of the skull roof in other eryopid species has a much coarser pattern with indices from 0.4 up to 1.7. Higher indices between 1.2 and 4.3 occur only in the subadult +<taxonomicName id="5F93651FE424958977982DB7223B068D" baseAuthorityName="Warren" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="DD0A89F38BBD448F462B5F36028CED98" italics="true">Eryops</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(Table +<tableCitation id="5B46A12DEB3EB763D42EB3D346959754" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Ranges of density counts of dermal sculpture pits (p) and valleys per in 2 (6.452 cm 2) of frontal and jugal in relation to the skull length (S l in cm) given separately and combined for eryopids and grouped by genus, species, and maturity (Werneburg and Berman 2012; Werneburg et al. 2023)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/16816ABE791A2A67C12BD40F633C60A1" tableUuid="16816ABE791A2A67C12BD40F633C60A1">1</tableCitation> +). +</paragraph> +<caption id="8BAC63E3827C08C4AEAD7B52362F4435" ID-DOI="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure3" ID-arpha="6E3AFC1C-6457-5CC9-9F9A-3544EF6B561F" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208657" startId="F3"> +<paragraph id="E9B19C991F078BB3E561DEB1AA98637F"> +<label id="F81AF543A0C828B120AE1D58798EDCAF">Figure 3.</label> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="EF17A07D58F226E8DB11CB40DEABB40E"> +<taxonomicName id="9BE1356991432A504547F48AEDF9DEFA" authority="Gubin, 1983" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus"> +<emphasis id="43DEAEF9D086B390DC4DAB13E43018F1" italics="true">Clamorosaurus nocturnus</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="B15FAB43079271F5A1AB7DF2C3EFF743" author="Gubin YM" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontologiceskij Zhurnal" pagination="110-115" refId="B6" refString="Gubin YM (1983) The first eryopids from the Permian of the East-European Platform. Palaeontologiceskij Zhurnal 1983: 110 - 115. [in Russian]" title="The first eryopids from the Permian of the East-European Platform." volume="1983" year="1983">Gubin, 1983</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +, skull roof in dorsal view, with scapulocoracoid, clavicle and ventral scales ( +<emphasis id="088728D4FCB9F21A68C78FDD0B5E0CCB" bold="true">A, B</emphasis> +), holotype +<specimenCode id="9E3373D195DFC0FB47FD24BFA8E916A8"> +<named-content id="DA63029A0DA7AB18BA0C2FFA8C137729" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/paleontological-institute-russian-academy-sciences" xlink_title="Paleontological Institute, Academy of Sciences, Moscow">PIN</named-content> +1582/1 +</specimenCode> +, from the Sheshminskian Gorizont (late Kungurian, Permian) of the Pechora River (Komi Republic, Russia). Abbreviations: cl, clavicle; f, frontal; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; n, nasal; p, parietal; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pp, postparietal; prf, prefrontal; pt, pterygoid; ptf, postfrontal; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sc, scapulocoracoid; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; t, tabular; vs, ventral scales. +</paragraph> +</caption> +<paragraph id="ACB2C27C59164FC137A39BD033BF15B5"> +The dorsal strutting pattern with large ridges on the skull roof is well developed (Fig. +<figureCitation id="8D1FE4B2DD4B3D50878BA166F4446764" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Clamorosaurus nocturnus Gubin, 1983, tentative reconstruction of the skull roof in dorsal view (A), and of the palate in ventral view (B). Abbreviations: ap, anterior palatal depression; bp, basal plate of parasphenoid; ch, choane; cp, cultriform process; ec, ectopterygoid; f, frontal; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; p, parietal; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pp, postparietal; prf, prefrontal; pt, pterygoid; ptf, postfrontal; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sm, septomaxilla; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; t, tabular; v, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208660">6 A</figureCitation> +) and probably increased the mechanical stability of the skull ( +<bibRefCitation id="8EBE0383947C153229A91802FB01D905" author="Sawin" firstAuthor="Sawin" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College" pagination="405-464" refId="B24" refString="Sawin HJ (1941) The cranial anatomy of Eryops megacephalus. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College 88: 405–464." title="The cranial anatomy of Eryops megacephalus." volume="88" year="1941">Sawin 1941</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="8A951EF4841B23FCF7AD42AE35B566E5" DOI="10.1007/BF02985720" author="Boy" firstAuthor="Boy" journalOrPublisher="Paläontologische Zeitschrift" pagination="287-312" refId="B1" refString="Boy JA (1990) Über einige Vertreter der Eryopoidea (Amphibia: Temnospondyli) aus dem europäischen Rotliegend (? höchstes Karbon-Perm). 3. Onchiodon. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 64: 287–312. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02985720" title="Über einige Vertreter der Eryopoidea (Amphibia: Temnospondyli) aus dem europäischen Rotliegend (? höchstes Karbon-Perm). 3. Onchiodon." volume="64" year="1990">Boy 1990</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="762D1376EA3F975559FEA9F1B75891AF" author="Werneburg" firstAuthor="Werneburg" journalOrPublisher="Veröffentlichungen Naturhistorisches Museum Schleusingen" pagination="3-40" refId="B40" refString="Werneburg R (2007) Der “ Manebacher Saurier ” – ein neuer großer Eryopide (Onchiodon) aus dem Rotliegend (Unter-Perm) des Thüringer Waldes. Veröffentlichungen Naturhistorisches Museum Schleusingen 22: 3–40." title="Der “ Manebacher Saurier ” - ein neuer großer Eryopide (Onchiodon) aus dem Rotliegend (Unter-Perm) des Thüringer Waldes." volume="22" year="2007">Werneburg 2007</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="DA44F82F02D0CEB3779BC5429093F508" DOI="10.1017/jpa.2021.51" author="Schoch and Sobral" firstAuthor="Schoch" issue="6" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Paleontology" pagination="1308-1320" refId="B32" refString="Schoch RR, Sobral G (2021) A new species of Sclerocephalus with a fully ossified endocranium gives insight into braincase evolution in temnospondyls. Journal of Paleontology 95 (6): 1308–1320. https://doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2021.51" title="A new species of Sclerocephalus with a fully ossified endocranium gives insight into braincase evolution in temnospondyls." volume="95" year="2021">Schoch and Sobral 2021</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="087F8A6D19FA808E4AC724BC40F42117" DOI="10.1017/jpa.2023.58" author="Werneburg" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Werneburg" issue="6" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Paleontology" pagination="1251-1281" refId="B45" refString="Werneburg R, Witzmann F, Rinehart L, Fischer J, Voigt S (2023) A new eryopid temnospondyl from the Carboniferous – Permian boundary of Germany. Journal of Paleontology 97 (6): 1251–1281. https://doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2023.58" title="A new eryopid temnospondyl from the Carboniferous - Permian boundary of Germany." volume="97" year="2023">Werneburg et al. 2023</bibRefCitation> +). A large longitudinal ridge extends from the lateral portion of the tabular and supratemporal to the postorbital. It then runs on the anterior skull table from the suture between prefrontal / frontal and on the lateral part of the nasal to the medial margin of the naris. Additional transverse ridges occur between the longitudinal ridges on frontals and nasals (Figs +<figureCitation id="2A6B74C9646D14C1ADE3DB4F4B278CD2" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Clamorosaurus nocturnus Gubin, 1983, skull roof in dorsal view, with scapulocoracoid, clavicle and ventral scales (A, B), holotype PIN 1582 / 1, from the Sheshminskian Gorizont (late Kungurian, Permian) of the Pechora River (Komi Republic, Russia). Abbreviations: cl, clavicle; f, frontal; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; n, nasal; p, parietal; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pp, postparietal; prf, prefrontal; pt, pterygoid; ptf, postfrontal; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sc, scapulocoracoid; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; t, tabular; vs, ventral scales." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208657">3</figureCitation> +, +<figureCitation id="96346020E957AF0D141419FE9B466B63" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Clamorosaurus nocturnus Gubin, 1983, second specimen PIN 1582 / 4, with skull roof in dorsal view (A, B), and palate in ventral view (C, D), from the Sheshminskian Gorizont (late Kungurian, Permian) of the Pechora River (Komi Republic, Russia). Abbreviations: ap, anterior palatal depression; bp, basal plate of parasphenoid; ch, choane; cp, cultriform process; ec, ectopterygoid; ept, epipterygoid; f, frontal; faci, furrow for carotid artery; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pt, pterygoid; ptf, postfrontal; qj, quadratojugal; sm, septomaxilla; sq, squamosal; v, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208658">4 A, B</figureCitation> +). The areas between these ridges are depressed. Additionally, a short ridge on the jugal is traceable (Fig. +<figureCitation id="D11533167ED00444A27437F70B631E52" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Clamorosaurus nocturnus Gubin, 1983, second specimen PIN 1582 / 4, with skull roof in dorsal view (A, B), and palate in ventral view (C, D), from the Sheshminskian Gorizont (late Kungurian, Permian) of the Pechora River (Komi Republic, Russia). Abbreviations: ap, anterior palatal depression; bp, basal plate of parasphenoid; ch, choane; cp, cultriform process; ec, ectopterygoid; ept, epipterygoid; f, frontal; faci, furrow for carotid artery; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pt, pterygoid; ptf, postfrontal; qj, quadratojugal; sm, septomaxilla; sq, squamosal; v, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208658">4 B</figureCitation> +). The degree of skull roof ossification appears to be relatively low and the bones may be intermediate between the normally thick bones as in most other eryopids and the 30–50 % thinner skull roof bones of +<taxonomicName id="89F561D4C8E83F5A60660EAED2F72C93" authority="(Werneburg and Berman 2012)" baseAuthorityName="Werneburg and Berman" baseAuthorityYear="2012" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Glaukerpeton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="C5A68949672F15F57992582A4E10C409" italics="true">Glaukerpeton</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="7FD4CDEA63B617C4AB5D29E799C1EDCB" DOI="10.2992/007.081.0103" author="Werneburg and Berman" firstAuthor="Werneburg" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Carnegie Museum" pagination="45-72" refId="B43" refString="Werneburg R, Berman DS (2012) Revision of the aquatic eryopid temnospondyl Glaukerpeton avinoffi Romer, 1952, from the Upper Pennsylvanian of North America. Annals of Carnegie Museum 81 (1): 45–72. https://doi.org/10.2992/007.081.0103" title="Revision of the aquatic eryopid temnospondyl Glaukerpeton avinoffi Romer, 1952, from the Upper Pennsylvanian of North America." volume="81" year="2012">Werneburg and Berman 2012</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +<caption id="E88CD6B8B5095A3A5031873FE4BABB28" ID-DOI="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure4" ID-arpha="82A25DB1-5351-586F-A073-A50843F67549" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208658" startId="F4"> +<paragraph id="F50C215AFA776CF6B9D0763DA95540C9"> +<label id="07F8C79EF4786C7B0E5A9A01D680114C">Figure 4.</label> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="B207DBBBFF6198CC868D3D64BF5725F6"> +<taxonomicName id="7FD8595438FD7FD419A783CF159467A4" authority="Gubin, 1983" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus"> +<emphasis id="603A3F8CCEB2238B3EF6AA25156B7483" italics="true">Clamorosaurus nocturnus</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="03F144C51031DF15E21D8B87BF38756F" author="Gubin YM" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontologiceskij Zhurnal" pagination="110-115" refId="B6" refString="Gubin YM (1983) The first eryopids from the Permian of the East-European Platform. Palaeontologiceskij Zhurnal 1983: 110 - 115. [in Russian]" title="The first eryopids from the Permian of the East-European Platform." volume="1983" year="1983">Gubin, 1983</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +, second specimen +<specimenCode id="855D06C3E5F7E5F71CAD4D5523C12C24"> +<named-content id="B07947C195878D2227BFC1714F4C1F9F" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/paleontological-institute-russian-academy-sciences" xlink_title="Paleontological Institute, Academy of Sciences, Moscow">PIN</named-content> +1582/4 +</specimenCode> +, with skull roof in dorsal view ( +<emphasis id="43DC5920A569C4EE543AEB225CC8192F" bold="true">A, B</emphasis> +), and palate in ventral view ( +<emphasis id="7A8B662AF03C625AD835FEB04D9C9150" bold="true">C, D</emphasis> +), from the Sheshminskian Gorizont (late Kungurian, Permian) of the Pechora River (Komi Republic, Russia). Abbreviations: ap, anterior palatal depression; bp, basal plate of parasphenoid; ch, choane; cp, cultriform process; ec, ectopterygoid; ept, epipterygoid; f, frontal; faci, furrow for carotid artery; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pt, pterygoid; ptf, postfrontal; qj, quadratojugal; sm, septomaxilla; sq, squamosal; v, vomer. +</paragraph> +</caption> +<paragraph id="6C6CB912070CBF3E79BC087C0A24CC51"> +The combination of the three known skulls of +<taxonomicName id="8F9CC47643CD48D95C22DE2CC4AC8889" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus"> +<emphasis id="FE848E8B280E91961E89966FF35F98F6" italics="true">C. nocturnus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +allowed a tentative reconstruction of the skull roof in dorsal view and of the palate in ventral view (Fig. +<figureCitation id="5EE3F93C068EDAD1CA8D06C4BA2802C0" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Clamorosaurus nocturnus Gubin, 1983, tentative reconstruction of the skull roof in dorsal view (A), and of the palate in ventral view (B). Abbreviations: ap, anterior palatal depression; bp, basal plate of parasphenoid; ch, choane; cp, cultriform process; ec, ectopterygoid; f, frontal; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; p, parietal; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pp, postparietal; prf, prefrontal; pt, pterygoid; ptf, postfrontal; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sm, septomaxilla; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; t, tabular; v, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208660">6 A, B</figureCitation> +). The skull is slightly wider than long (Table +<tableCitation id="319DA9DCE2C015B7B09A2003A25A8D20" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Comparative measurements of adult eryopid skulls (largest and smallest values in bold; after Boy 1990; Werneburg 1997, 2007; Werneburg and Berman 2012; Werneburg et al. 2023, and the present study). Institutional abbreviations. — CM, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; CMNH, Cleveland Museum of Natural History, Cleveland, Ohio; FMNH, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois; MCZ, Museum of Comparative Zoology of the Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; MHNA, Museum of Natural History, Autun, France; MMG, Museum für Mineralogie und Geologie, Dresden, Germany; NHMMZ / LS, Natural History Museum Mainz / State Collection of Natural History of Rhineland – Palatinate, Germany; NHMS, Naturhistorisches Museum Schloss Bertholdsburg, Schleusingen, Germany; NMMNH, New Mexico Museum of Natural History, Albuquerque, New Mexico; PIN, Paleontological Institute, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; UGKU, Urweltmuseum GEOSKOP / Lichtenberg Castle near Kusel, Germany. For anatomical abbreviations, see Fig. 2." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/4C2805F73BC2AE5930F9CBC7944E27F4" tableUuid="4C2805F73BC2AE5930F9CBC7944E27F4">2</tableCitation> +; pS +<subScript id="8B204FDCF7BFCB10730B4A7EDAE22FDB">w</subScript> +/ S +<subScript id="A709C4C224B11C12619BDFEF66C0B872">l</subScript> += 1.04). The lateral margin of the skull is convex in dorsal view. The snout margin is laterally constricted at the level of the naris like in +<taxonomicName id="F6A96F77E098B7DE2CDB6D0796CE90CA" baseAuthorityName="Sawin" baseAuthorityYear="1941" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megacephalus"> +<emphasis id="FEF5426FFD130E14CE8C6511787BFD96" italics="true">Eryops megacephalus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="034FF06285864342D559995EDCAC89E1" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Osteophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="61DA4279F496F353EBBCED0B6AD798F1" italics="true">Osteophorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="607076647B1EA647BE41A1E38F3EC407" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis"> +<emphasis id="92960F1A2CEFECAA8A2DCB39333B51CA" italics="true">C. borealis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. The postorbital region of the skull roof is relatively long (H +<subScript id="3C8D27251A8B3750045E6C5401419EA4">l</subScript> +/ S +<subScript id="FFE41585AF788ADBCEF330ED33B0B758">l</subScript> += 0.26) and wide (H +<subScript id="523DA58D47443500BBAA33000B5742B5">w</subScript> +/ S +<subScript id="0895B2EB40EC45EEE5E78C2992AD3204">l</subScript> += 0.50) in contrast to that of +<taxonomicName id="B68E112F18ADC4D92B8861E102E94F6F" baseAuthorityName="Sawin" baseAuthorityYear="1941" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megacephalus"> +<emphasis id="B8F98D0270EF9C0A18808BCDBA3C061E" italics="true">E. megacephalus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<emphasis id="479AC53A3E6C7A5A3DEBA9C205DD4A2E" italics="true">Stenokranio</emphasis> +. The preorbital skull is relatively elongate (PO +<subScript id="559EAA73F7E22787925E3C0D59664A9A">l</subScript> +/ S +<subScript id="3BC87E3EC44A059DE6EF99755FD37F11">l</subScript> += 0.57). The internarial and interorbital width are nearly equal (IN +<subScript id="606E7837164ED32079A1088742ADCD85">w</subScript> +/ S +<subScript id="15945D9A765DEC09CBFEDBD851FDCAC2">l</subScript> += IO +<subScript id="7BD93D4CEDE0D04E59E18FC0648FA1A1">w</subScript> +/ S +<subScript id="C3A333C4F50E51FBCC843D03A60C5D27">l</subScript> += 0.21–22) as in many eryopids, but in contrast to +<taxonomicName id="1E07D38F6C3FDEC532B1515471829766" baseAuthorityName="Werneburg and Berman" baseAuthorityYear="2012" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Glaukerpeton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="82AC3D86E4B31ED81800033EB0FD1457" italics="true">Glaukerpeton</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in which the internarial width is smaller, and to +<taxonomicName id="209AACD837A56EACA685F15A8B69960C" baseAuthorityName="Sawin" baseAuthorityYear="1941" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megacephalus"> +<emphasis id="5086EF1EED1B5C8494500F3197FC4354" italics="true">E. megacephalus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="BABB7E28B5364CBB0461F923107B5422" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis"> +<emphasis id="C31401016702C0B9F5D3FF4E6680BCE8" italics="true">C. borealis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="14D5E35ED3D089CF1FF82F819978D590" class="Amphibia" family="Intasuchidae" genus="Syndyodosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tetricus"> +<emphasis id="9A5BE26AF7260170547F5E9FDE4342E7" italics="true">S. tetricus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +with a smaller interorbital width (Table +<tableCitation id="165E35839AC40A65ABE260B243B14E16" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Comparative measurements of adult eryopid skulls (largest and smallest values in bold; after Boy 1990; Werneburg 1997, 2007; Werneburg and Berman 2012; Werneburg et al. 2023, and the present study). Institutional abbreviations. — CM, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; CMNH, Cleveland Museum of Natural History, Cleveland, Ohio; FMNH, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois; MCZ, Museum of Comparative Zoology of the Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; MHNA, Museum of Natural History, Autun, France; MMG, Museum für Mineralogie und Geologie, Dresden, Germany; NHMMZ / LS, Natural History Museum Mainz / State Collection of Natural History of Rhineland – Palatinate, Germany; NHMS, Naturhistorisches Museum Schloss Bertholdsburg, Schleusingen, Germany; NMMNH, New Mexico Museum of Natural History, Albuquerque, New Mexico; PIN, Paleontological Institute, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; UGKU, Urweltmuseum GEOSKOP / Lichtenberg Castle near Kusel, Germany. For anatomical abbreviations, see Fig. 2." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/4C2805F73BC2AE5930F9CBC7944E27F4" tableUuid="4C2805F73BC2AE5930F9CBC7944E27F4">2</tableCitation> +). The occipital margin of the skull roof is only slightly concave as in +<taxonomicName id="E77FDD8F86BA230DEA0F563B589E8210" baseAuthorityName="Werneburg" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Onchiodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thuringiensis"> +<emphasis id="088016C0E9C95BDECF4081BE6F448C8E" italics="true">Onchiodon thuringiensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="41D9ADEB5C804D19BEAB859068B382AC" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis"> +<emphasis id="0152A1914A43E50DDDDA4A64F56F5423" italics="true">C. borealis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. The quadrate condyles lie distinctly posterior to the occipital condyles (Qc +<subScript id="BB6D1DC82C5FD96998F48D4D93C42233">l</subScript> +/ S +<subScript id="480F28689B494BBF930B31627AC00A9E">l</subScript> += 0.17; Table +<tableCitation id="0708F8230340136C1049C5DDB14C5FB2" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Comparative measurements of adult eryopid skulls (largest and smallest values in bold; after Boy 1990; Werneburg 1997, 2007; Werneburg and Berman 2012; Werneburg et al. 2023, and the present study). Institutional abbreviations. — CM, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; CMNH, Cleveland Museum of Natural History, Cleveland, Ohio; FMNH, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois; MCZ, Museum of Comparative Zoology of the Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; MHNA, Museum of Natural History, Autun, France; MMG, Museum für Mineralogie und Geologie, Dresden, Germany; NHMMZ / LS, Natural History Museum Mainz / State Collection of Natural History of Rhineland – Palatinate, Germany; NHMS, Naturhistorisches Museum Schloss Bertholdsburg, Schleusingen, Germany; NMMNH, New Mexico Museum of Natural History, Albuquerque, New Mexico; PIN, Paleontological Institute, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; UGKU, Urweltmuseum GEOSKOP / Lichtenberg Castle near Kusel, Germany. For anatomical abbreviations, see Fig. 2." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/4C2805F73BC2AE5930F9CBC7944E27F4" tableUuid="4C2805F73BC2AE5930F9CBC7944E27F4">2</tableCitation> +). The long oval orbits are relatively small compared to other eryopids (O +<subScript id="F8BCA8D24EAF4CC421CD0CB4824B94D2">l</subScript> +/ S +<subScript id="99E39E992053A65CD1787635E8B5DF49">l</subScript> += 0.16). +</paragraph> +<caption id="4C2805F73BC2AE5930F9CBC7944E27F4" ID-Table-UUID="4C2805F73BC2AE5930F9CBC7944E27F4" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/4C2805F73BC2AE5930F9CBC7944E27F4" startId="T2" targetIsTable="true"> +<paragraph id="8AA8D2E3837E95A95855CE088E409B1A"> +<label id="F0BE0009FFC41138B63717E659306089">Table 2.</label> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="9E20404D278974A79C8C4DC62E4B4788"> +Comparative measurements of adult eryopid skulls (largest and smallest values in bold; after +<bibRefCitation id="8C8F9E39FF23F1D94246FA4880AA815D" DOI="10.1007/BF02985720" author="Boy" firstAuthor="Boy" journalOrPublisher="Paläontologische Zeitschrift" pagination="287-312" refId="B1" refString="Boy JA (1990) Über einige Vertreter der Eryopoidea (Amphibia: Temnospondyli) aus dem europäischen Rotliegend (? höchstes Karbon-Perm). 3. Onchiodon. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 64: 287–312. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02985720" title="Über einige Vertreter der Eryopoidea (Amphibia: Temnospondyli) aus dem europäischen Rotliegend (? höchstes Karbon-Perm). 3. Onchiodon." volume="64" year="1990">Boy 1990</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="919AE38F18943F3F22E730F44661DD13" author="Werneburg" firstAuthor="Werneburg" journalOrPublisher="Freiberger Forschungshefte C" pagination="167-181" refId="B39" refString="Werneburg R (1997) Der Eryopide Onchiodon (Amphibia) aus dem Rotliegend des Beckens von Autun (Frankreich). Freiberger Forschungshefte C 466: 167–181." title="Der Eryopide Onchiodon (Amphibia) aus dem Rotliegend des Beckens von Autun (Frankreich)." volume="466" year="1997">Werneburg 1997</bibRefCitation> +, +<bibRefCitation id="217453AE05DC746E6C9532E2A598F3B2" author="Werneburg" firstAuthor="Werneburg" journalOrPublisher="Veröffentlichungen Naturhistorisches Museum Schleusingen" pagination="3-40" refId="B40" refString="Werneburg R (2007) Der “ Manebacher Saurier ” – ein neuer großer Eryopide (Onchiodon) aus dem Rotliegend (Unter-Perm) des Thüringer Waldes. Veröffentlichungen Naturhistorisches Museum Schleusingen 22: 3–40." title="Der “ Manebacher Saurier ” - ein neuer großer Eryopide (Onchiodon) aus dem Rotliegend (Unter-Perm) des Thüringer Waldes." volume="22" year="2007">2007</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="D45B9FE895D37BC0AE9EA156110156CD" DOI="10.2992/007.081.0103" author="Werneburg and Berman" firstAuthor="Werneburg" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Carnegie Museum" pagination="45-72" refId="B43" refString="Werneburg R, Berman DS (2012) Revision of the aquatic eryopid temnospondyl Glaukerpeton avinoffi Romer, 1952, from the Upper Pennsylvanian of North America. Annals of Carnegie Museum 81 (1): 45–72. https://doi.org/10.2992/007.081.0103" title="Revision of the aquatic eryopid temnospondyl Glaukerpeton avinoffi Romer, 1952, from the Upper Pennsylvanian of North America." volume="81" year="2012">Werneburg and Berman 2012</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="9D2E1393EFC62837E3D81C953C0A0F62" DOI="10.1017/jpa.2023.58" author="Werneburg" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Werneburg" issue="6" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Paleontology" pagination="1251-1281" refId="B45" refString="Werneburg R, Witzmann F, Rinehart L, Fischer J, Voigt S (2023) A new eryopid temnospondyl from the Carboniferous – Permian boundary of Germany. Journal of Paleontology 97 (6): 1251–1281. https://doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2023.58" title="A new eryopid temnospondyl from the Carboniferous - Permian boundary of Germany." volume="97" year="2023">Werneburg et al. 2023</bibRefCitation> +, and the present study). Institutional abbreviations. — CM, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; CMNH, Cleveland Museum of Natural History, Cleveland, Ohio; FMNH, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois; MCZ, Museum of Comparative Zoology of the Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; MHNA, Museum of Natural History, Autun, France; MMG, Museum für Mineralogie und Geologie, Dresden, Germany; NHMMZ / LS, Natural History Museum Mainz / State Collection of Natural History of Rhineland – Palatinate, Germany; NHMS, Naturhistorisches Museum Schloss Bertholdsburg, Schleusingen, Germany; NMMNH, New Mexico Museum of Natural History, Albuquerque, New Mexico; +<named-content id="01E0096F403B1BA814BF2B82654AD4C1" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/paleontological-institute-russian-academy-sciences" xlink_title="Paleontological Institute, Academy of Sciences, Moscow">PIN</named-content> +, Paleontological Institute, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; UGKU, Urweltmuseum GEOSKOP / Lichtenberg Castle near Kusel, Germany. For anatomical abbreviations, see Fig. +<figureCitation id="7D3CF8DB685DD2CEF8B7B2A2BA4C57F0" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Reconstructed eryopid skull roof with measured distances. Abbreviations: aS w, anterior width of skull at level of maxilla-premaxilla sutures; H l, postorbital midline length of skull from level of posterior margins of orbits; H w, postorbital width of skull between lateral margins of supratemporals; IN w, minimum internarial width; IO w, minimum interorbital width; J w, transverse width of jugal at maximum lateral lacrimal extent of orbit; La l, maximum length of lacrimal; La w, maximum transverse width of lacrimal; mS w, midlength width of skull at midlength level of orbits; O l, maximum length of orbit; p, number of dermal skull pits or valleys per inch 2 (6.452 cm 2) mainly from frontal and jugal at midlength level of orbits; PO l, preorbital midline length of skull from level of anterior margins of orbits; Po l, maximum posterior length of postorbital from posteriormost extent of orbit; Po w, maximum transverse width of postorbital at contribution to orbital margin; pS w, maximum posterior width of skull at level of posterolateral margins of cheeks; S l, midline skull length; Th l, length of tabular horn region between levels of posterior tabular corner and occipital midline margin; W w, maximum transverse width of cheek from lateral margin of supratemporal anterior to otic notch." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208656">2</figureCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</caption> +<paragraph id="F741967C9599FE4D4B43EF7144416D7B"> +<table id="TID0EE2AI" rules="all"> +<tbody id="456DCE1B5338F7F5F942881F583EDE84"> +<tr id="F16919DB16C574E3A758C607A4AF2766"> +<th id="EDC5604C7520DCEA32ACF250F408A560" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" rowspan="2">-</th> +<emphasis id="6CA42520CC5533FEAF0087674A643327" italics="true"> +<th id="0D3945FCFD3DBCBD5A107CF46351D76B" colspan="1" rowspan="1"> +Stenokranio +<taxonomicName id="5C691B21EA4C41ED5C554AEF84521F8C" class="Amphibia" family="Intasuchidae" genus="Syndyodosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boldi">boldi</taxonomicName> +</th> +<th id="03DC147328299A68BFE18E4246C312DB" colspan="1" rowspan="1"> +<taxonomicName id="82AD1B5E5DAEE6302C3B42CB419C3D5E" baseAuthorityName="Werneburg and Berman" baseAuthorityYear="2012" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Glaukerpeton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="avinoffi">Glaukerpeton avinoffi</taxonomicName> +</th> +<th id="8ED63C3B0EE3D7E1C0A5205870E3F74E" colspan="1" rowspan="1"> +<taxonomicName id="A6A89D991AC7868C83A9A8ACE71A0373" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">Eryops sp.</taxonomicName> +- MCZ 1914 +</th> +</emphasis> +<emphasis id="92CCFE10010F6D1901E4F0EA530F34FA" italics="true"> +<th id="29479EBE992E5D8DAC01C6651298DDE9" colspan="1" rowspan="1"> +<taxonomicName id="6D1C43F0158D0C3C028CF630508759F3" baseAuthorityName="Sawin" baseAuthorityYear="1941" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megacephalus">Eryops megacephalus</taxonomicName> +</th> +<th id="DA0002F7016FB70E57F4CEED25A26AE5" colspan="1" rowspan="1"> +<taxonomicName id="1B593C7B23F58429D2BFB52AF32203FD" baseAuthorityName="Werneburg" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Onchiodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thuringiensis">Onchiodon thuringiensis</taxonomicName> +</th> +<th id="734B562C1BC9C8FB256287309F3DAECC" colspan="1" rowspan="1"> +<taxonomicName id="1FFB0BB95A37EFDA307EF888218039EE" baseAuthorityName="Boy" baseAuthorityYear="1990" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Onchiodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="labyrinthicus">Onchiodon labyrinthicus</taxonomicName> +</th> +<th id="F0AC490D8A41D38CE6FC4FA6911F884D" colspan="1" rowspan="1"> +<taxonomicName id="993D6951EC8174F17301E93FF9BEDC89" baseAuthorityName="Werneburg and Steyer" baseAuthorityYear="1999" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Actinodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="frossardi">Actinodon frossardi</taxonomicName> +</th> +<th id="F84526B899F45BA3C5031CDEAB121A62" colspan="1" rowspan="1"> +<taxonomicName id="2785A9576DED8EC3D5A388017DD1C130" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus">Clamorosaurus nocturnus</taxonomicName> +</th> +<th id="396E2D2E3A339E0E34B361ED3D7586E8" colspan="1" rowspan="1"> +<taxonomicName id="68255FEEDC0935C6A15038A4FC98340F" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis">Clamorosaurus borealis</taxonomicName> +</th> +<taxonomicName id="B4BCA8CDD33C5E744792552C58A91BE8" authority="NHM MZ" authorityName="NHM MZ" class="Amphibia" family="Intasuchidae" genus="Syndyodosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tetricus"> +<th id="B508D593DF857223B27155D3C8C10EA2" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Syndyodosuchus tetricus</th> +<tr id="72B0CB26421F96852215C18FDE5C4B36"> +<th id="02C23F00F35420588B5904D733FEF52C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">NHM MZ / LS PW 2019 / 5025, / 5022</th> +<th id="72D6FA03044B978B2DBDB25CFDCFD5FD" colspan="1" rowspan="1">CM 8539, CMNH 11025</th> +<th id="14492B5F115184344181F02228242948" colspan="1" rowspan="1">MCZ 1914</th> +<th id="6EA2148F5D2AE7E1C2EBA7CD70D0A143" colspan="1" rowspan="1">MCZ 1129, holo-type</th> +<th id="38FC9A77E3A7CEC9E6D7BA2456828C7C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">NHMS-WP 2140 a</th> +<th id="A4F5818097E97EE25AEBE38612735617" colspan="1" rowspan="1"> +<bibRefCitation id="CC9EBB441B103F71F8A7066C6BD28C9C" DOI="10.1007/BF02985720" author="Boy" firstAuthor="Boy" journalOrPublisher="Paläontologische Zeitschrift" pagination="287-312" refId="B1" refString="Boy JA (1990) Über einige Vertreter der Eryopoidea (Amphibia: Temnospondyli) aus dem europäischen Rotliegend (? höchstes Karbon-Perm). 3. Onchiodon. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 64: 287–312. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02985720" title="Über einige Vertreter der Eryopoidea (Amphibia: Temnospondyli) aus dem europäischen Rotliegend (? höchstes Karbon-Perm). 3. Onchiodon." volume="64" year="1990">Boy (1990</bibRefCitation> +: Abb. 2 F) +</th> +<th id="9179A6C0E03EB4BF8DBBBC75101D2FB3" colspan="1" rowspan="1"> +<specimenCode id="D8ABADCC2F9D77B2F5287BFD1A8BB334">MHNA 15/10/62</specimenCode> +, MMG FrP 1 +</th> +<th id="0A41F243F7DE589A31D69BF7CBC171D5" colspan="1" rowspan="1"> +<specimenCode id="9DE94E8D8C09271704DE3FDE65337494"> +<named-content id="A685B4CC6373BEFE202E34E5F28C982A" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/paleontological-institute-russian-academy-sciences" xlink_title="Paleontological Institute, Academy of Sciences, Moscow">PIN</named-content> +1582/1 +</specimenCode> +</th> +<th id="582C13B45D998B2E656DF66F91C1901F" colspan="1" rowspan="1"> +<specimenCode id="2E92A0CB3C1871F550E3B27E3B98AA28"> +<named-content id="F7F4C292D44C76D67525B6B27DE47C57" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/paleontological-institute-russian-academy-sciences" xlink_title="Paleontological Institute, Academy of Sciences, Moscow">PIN</named-content> +3950/1 +</specimenCode> +</th> +<th id="9F78E159122F42FFED9CDAA1AABD1F5A" colspan="1" rowspan="1"> +<specimenCode id="0AF4C5D06CB833F5FC5DA95180B02095"> +<named-content id="63665502711CDE29D3A61D8AD99485A4" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/paleontological-institute-russian-academy-sciences" xlink_title="Paleontological Institute, Academy of Sciences, Moscow">PIN</named-content> +570/40 +</specimenCode> +</th> +</tr> +</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +</tr> +<tr id="6D4E2EDBD242E79C8C2D38548B314074"> +<td id="86A93FBC5360FBA80740980C47DD7F02" colspan="1" rowspan="1"> +<emphasis id="18823CE51990BB4BC78ECB8104915E09" bold="true"> +S +<subScript id="E48C080155CEFBC6C9A6F051D0084BE6">l</subScript> +</emphasis> +in mm +</td> +<td id="4A5A9669F58C5E956BCF2DA1C3B33D29" colspan="1" rowspan="1">247–270</td> +<td id="8FB7E3DF46C20AA549C73FE430442102" colspan="1" rowspan="1">230</td> +<td id="C83D9BD153B4BB6EE4A8250BA9760091" colspan="1" rowspan="1">333</td> +<td id="B8229E5AF66AC677A21442C14A9F8FFA" colspan="1" rowspan="1"> +<emphasis id="37B0708734FE1C504563DE096E9FD781" bold="true">364</emphasis> +</td> +<td id="65B0425CBC30A225E9402E919A77DF5E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">285</td> +<td id="F96F82356F124423C29EE82D1DAA604B" colspan="1" rowspan="1">160</td> +<td id="600996C4E1E7229A7F0AAE54E03FD208" colspan="1" rowspan="1"> +<emphasis id="4E026F0BDDA45CDEEC850FF9B988B8F2" bold="true">111</emphasis> +–123 +</td> +<td id="E7748D1BED328A71FBB9788BDE91F819" colspan="1" rowspan="1">182</td> +<td id="814B1049C7C6352CD4D12D71201E637C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">153</td> +<td id="0DD02E3A9CFBEADE56B0A32C2050E116" colspan="1" rowspan="1">162</td> +</tr> +<tr id="EF35EF293D02732FA4F923A73B4AC869"> +<emphasis id="4C9C146628E73EAB286A95E4BE95ACCE" bold="true"> +<td id="160166544DD0710358CAAC6389680230" colspan="1" rowspan="1"> +pS +<subScript id="E450CE1D5EFD0DA3E6761EA1B76BA27A">w</subScript> +/ S +<subScript id="D30A6367E7BDEC360F8235BB5B8A7992">l</subScript> +</td> +<td id="0AAACD01A5679F101B6C526FA78F44B6" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.92</td> +</emphasis> +<td id="99C99ED1A312C4EEDC6DAE82EE16E0BF" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.99</td> +<td id="01D77A31828EE00D91C812D089CFCBEA" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.94</td> +<td id="BB6801C57D6D9D0E58FC437780707AF3" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.94</td> +<td id="1A4408D3DD8F1A0FD37AB83D3DA5DF47" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1.06</td> +<td id="6C7F021F128DCF6F107B73FAEF476CDF" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1.07</td> +<td id="0CB11AAC37C6D00CC571400F3AC7EF69" colspan="1" rowspan="1"> +<emphasis id="805B48785D4728F0EBCC7F78A53DA8AC" bold="true">1.</emphasis> +09– +<emphasis id="54922D3C5AC211F91F6F866F6B4DE68F" bold="true">10</emphasis> +</td> +<td id="67E2CFABBF8DB557920CC4C0D2942AD7" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1.04</td> +<td id="2CB6C44933CE39D844587448A618759F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1.08</td> +<td id="F4335BFF2E74F96B1BED9D080EEA3DA9" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1.01</td> +</tr> +<tr id="9C1E78EB81F9E7F9EFBB06B5AF8AFBDE"> +<td id="8CDB15FD5908AF8B0F406293EFB68C24" colspan="1" rowspan="1"> +<emphasis id="7B663A538EEE8A293457E11637F48B5B" bold="true"> +mS +<subScript id="45646F1650A45F463D324BEB9EADD2B4">w</subScript> +/ S +<subScript id="9E63F9D17E0C96ABC688787AF628AEC6">l</subScript> +</emphasis> +</td> +<td id="FFA44236D40782E3378A6207FB1F9F85" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.85–91</td> +<td id="311C57D168B13F28BCB84AD854EC07B3" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.89</td> +<td id="155DC6D6609506D2503FEE4217A5E696" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.94</td> +<td id="7D112321A3A44F2D56183C2AFB61E703" colspan="1" rowspan="1"> +<emphasis id="15037ECA3D167B0F02F3A1595FE9B98D" bold="true">0.83</emphasis> +</td> +<td id="CB3F8417E4F5F66EB1E6A41CF4864C74" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.97</td> +<td id="8DCC385E5E8C32D7BC53D86769D0623E" colspan="1" rowspan="1"> +<emphasis id="811C85CDE58E18F09D0CA600B90B136E" bold="true">1.00</emphasis> +</td> +<td id="C5356C312A479B7D9ED04BE80E4BFD76" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.88–90</td> +<td id="0586FB147D68BFF55E5BA220D16B7CD2" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.98</td> +<td id="6586900B30D6026E5EC341B094513023" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.98</td> +<td id="510E51BC57F8841C4C46F92E46C86A1B" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.86</td> +</tr> +<tr id="417029D749DA94B05B2F8205B3E475AB"> +<emphasis id="EFD32F220F521E7A15DD8CED0E5D5EC8" bold="true"> +<td id="69AD8801C45A6CEB7573E34C8EF25A04" colspan="1" rowspan="1"> +aS +<subScript id="395101331A7BEA41D8C6820FCCB09CAD">w</subScript> +/ S +<subScript id="BC52FA427BD074EDEFCD246F7A827052">l</subScript> +</td> +<td id="7C24DC9D3D80F344FBBF9EF6C7943C32" colspan="1" rowspan="1"> +0.47– +<emphasis id="012C9DC54169F1D3CFDBB4C47EAABA4D" bold="true">52</emphasis> +</td> +</emphasis> +<td id="F9084AB08CF224EA2BE8920C1C1F8D76" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.49–50</td> +<td id="46CED71456FD5F426C5BF715F7AEC907" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.47</td> 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colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.40–42</td> +<td id="BDF47964BF1D760BC8FE2F004A8E047A" colspan="1" rowspan="1"> +<emphasis id="C66F0ABA720CC6C2EE588D24944A34F2" bold="true">0.56</emphasis> +</td> +<td id="454C55110F8F6FFAF7EDFA214A9E0681" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.44</td> +<td id="65090D3F531D82C3773625C2441B4EF7" colspan="1" rowspan="1"> +<emphasis id="934315FB59734DA6DF1190BBA21CEADB" bold="true">0.38</emphasis> +</td> +<td id="F6B44CB941AA97BEC3B9CE833245459B" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.43</td> +<td id="860E482EDF2C39C61D198A07EF5E3DBD" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.47</td> +<td id="6E28C963609152D97B81809863E8A47B" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.53–54</td> +<td id="6A889B7BE64666AFF06D9FEE662B7B72" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.50</td> +<td id="9D9C7D43696172053363F2429DB350A5" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.52</td> +<td id="3FEE022F96051C9353A5200EDEADCE92" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.45</td> +</tr> +<tr id="6486FF39E53CB64CB1754CB903BC6DE1"> +<td id="45873B6A5FB8CAF01FAA8C7B7ADD6187" colspan="1" 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colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.55</td> +<td id="36141542787EB5AC3726CA570C4F380B" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.63</td> +<td id="65E8E4EA33265FE52BD608ECD4C36107" colspan="1" rowspan="1"> +<emphasis id="07DD80E7F932D1CADD0813D48D6A1E57" bold="true">0.68</emphasis> +</td> +<td id="EF861AA2CDDF7F9D97C774B617046E86" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.62</td> +<td id="C334F8A54FF2330AE5673F9D67416324" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.58</td> +<td id="1D5D2F6AE963E79CEB04A91D047820B4" colspan="1" rowspan="1"> +<emphasis id="6F64681B1000B23401C392289B58F690" bold="true">0.53</emphasis> +–54 +</td> +<td id="E29F11C7F77FC8E4E0AAAE245B77B570" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.57</td> +<td id="C8F397CE37D3AFAD7D3317CF7E38922F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.60</td> +<td id="DECDA3C1046B29D8D5891AA33D23D3FF" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.60</td> +</tr> +<tr id="F45C6A617F86D5F2D4279566147EA97D"> +<td id="8F23358AAB18F9950236C480935992EA" colspan="1" rowspan="1"> +<emphasis id="FE2660FFFB78849C9B8A1238C19B44E5" bold="true"> +IN 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rowspan="1">0.15</td> +<td id="A33841D6A150E108C73EA44F813DBF2F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.14</td> +<td id="A6B87614CE47AAEB154F26D5E7A9A688" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.15</td> +<td id="DEC1D538A57B4C868478F44FEEA65F97" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.18</td> +<td id="139EF769C7EEEC3BFD336DD4B4277851" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.18–19</td> +<td id="F886EDEC226962C4EB40D3626EC4EBC6" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.16</td> +<td id="F7C3FA6727825625A9FB05FB9D442878" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.14</td> +<emphasis id="2DC44B04BD21A4DE7E2D78FD9087D2C2" bold="true"> +<td id="00E36097B4CBF56E8F7010E1FE57847D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.12</td> +<tr id="9BC77A6456F5B17DC461C9BC30DA6120"> +<td id="788403A4D46AA0FFB70E3E72D41522FC" colspan="1" rowspan="1"> +La +<subScript id="4AE4FCF1B3D30DBB18334F0DBC5977BC">w</subScript> +/ La +<subScript id="D82488D6B07DF27119334280623C1520">l</subScript> +</td> +<td id="6490711CAFA0D6B1789BB51D3CAB5BFE" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.51–54</td> +<td 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colspan="1" rowspan="1"> +Po +<subScript id="563DB0C57EE3894E43535187A61764D1">w</subScript> +/ Po +<subScript id="7FFB976327BB17F3361F5356899206AC">l</subScript> +</td> +<td id="7698A4D1EBEFC2696BD2D23A05418912" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.8–1.0</td> +<td id="E60F4D541ECFC248C3EB35FF17FF706A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.8–1.0</td> +<td id="D7C75F3E378248B7FF3B966947D983F9" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1.06</td> +<td id="639AF75F2E29FEC973B86C562C8FE4C2" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1.20</td> +<td id="6032988637CC68449E2BB77FE1A3669F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.80</td> +<td id="20B8F2CB6A5960A86B765070FAC678C9" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1.23</td> +<td id="2D881FA72DDFFE773FD9B075DC13E49B" colspan="1" rowspan="1"> +0.9– +<emphasis id="CE50AA2FB7C1AFD693E473AC2BF3FB2C" bold="true">1.3</emphasis> +</td> +<td id="6591C91432B84648D3C335F28942D79C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.75</td> +<td id="AD385123AC0B5C58A0AF0C116FFE0A4A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.73</td> +<emphasis id="AA797325075DEA37D12DBA1E4D669B71" bold="true"> +<td id="64101212B512F238D1A48348D05B00D0" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.54</td> +<tr id="1B328C85320E3F7C771AFFA9D467525C"> +<td id="11822FF50349557D3FF19E243D1FEA5D" colspan="1" rowspan="1"> +Ju +<subScript id="FC48706C599B592EE3C1C3C39A75005D">w</subScript> +/ S +<subScript id="FCF20EAF84C4448990543754B997A57F">l</subScript> +</td> +<td id="8B6D22E6CA8342F633D3B38E3A45B63A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.16</td> +<emphasis id="C46268AC5995ACAAF7E9142BAD34D715" bold="true"> +<td id="C3262712C3A6CCC6A1DDE6F6D33ECB2E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.11</td> +<td id="D9D74C6719F750E98E9FF17A6C4E47D7" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.23</td> +</emphasis> +<td id="DEC95103721F533CD2F878B4D558CE48" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.14</td> +<td id="54DB776616FD614A0CA0676671F8FDEC" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.20</td> +<td id="FFD41D2A16814A1C89E4193478A54680" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.17</td> +<td id="B5BA16CA3EE4945D9325D9381B99BF14" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.15–16</td> +<td id="5F272E194724220593AC1D510BF38F15" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.22</td> +<td id="0CCD92DB5BE9A7FC3235EE77AB5083BB" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.20</td> +<td id="957A3B2A603E62E8C36CC3034F1D42A3" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.14</td> +</tr> +</emphasis> +</tr> +</emphasis> +</tr> +</emphasis> +</tr> +<tr id="6F47AD4BB3E90DB6AB18DA91576172C3"> +<td id="8B85EFC1B181CAC135B0446F0C109441" colspan="1" rowspan="1"> +<emphasis id="12C8458FF30555B2987E1C6C03BDAA78" bold="true"> +W +<subScript id="B7E98017C42A0C82A6BC2211F5ACF13E">w</subScript> +/ S +<subScript id="E3287F0149EEFEABAD82641FA0B046A1">l</subScript> +</emphasis> +</td> +<td id="E37C47977B529BFE6659BF3F452CA0E5" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.26</td> +<td id="334933A6DF099DFC3D2A83381FF85796" colspan="1" rowspan="1"> +<emphasis id="73E1B8083B9C64DCBA2A6BA0182E6E1C" bold="true">0.20</emphasis> +–22 +</td> +<td id="270739C0081B5FA8BD2087E9EADC43D3" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.28</td> +<td id="5CBF45E19DF5F281BDFCFD08D61F6856" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.26</td> +<td id="BB184F2572E81E739A3578F454883333" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.31</td> +<td id="CED827930A625BF129EDD1E2EF014EF9" colspan="1" rowspan="1"> +<emphasis id="7D85580233BCDEE6F2DDF0156B85250C" bold="true">0.32</emphasis> +</td> +<td id="D13C0096EE9D1BF683838D71A7DC0EF1" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.28–29</td> +<td id="F59CCCBD32AED64885DAEED502EF931C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.30</td> +<td id="D1F11032C656BCCBB8F23A14C24996FD" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.26</td> +<td id="CDC31F7A6939D3ADBA52CE423E0F7E11" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.27</td> +</tr> +<tr id="9B9E2B6D46914761D9BAEBA71D0FEFEA"> +<emphasis id="B4D694EDA815F10FE7984AA8CE1B73D1" bold="true"> +<td id="589F3C24DB5A6469116D3F6AA2A62FEE" colspan="1" rowspan="1"> +Th +<subScript id="885A644CA1E092752AF383AB576B3392">l</subScript> +/ S +<subScript id="AF2E5387BF19357D9C8D25466B45F2F2">l</subScript> +</td> +<td id="11108C9AC259F6B14BAC429A55243AAF" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.06</td> +<td id="4458666019EA34DAC692D5B701F2C453" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.12</td> +</emphasis> +<td id="41F4127481F6F8629FDFDE79A8DB667C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.07</td> +<td id="63F443DA523E194672D73C051206D0B0" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.09</td> +<td id="1A4C7E83936732615B1D89F8A31F98C6" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.08</td> +<td id="0C8D8DF58DC8B21E28198812EC864894" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.10</td> +<td id="2F65BB8A25500778BD01B807BAC4AB7E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.08–10</td> +<td id="7FAFD5807BB946BE7BD382AFAF5C946F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.09</td> +<td id="AE0F59EE671A7BBDEE18D501912F8E6C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.09</td> +<td id="98C69BD6BD0FCE1F4672AB463A3E78B4" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.09</td> +</tr> +<tr id="4FC0B1AF82BD00ECCD7B170276524679"> +<td id="9160F0D3F2E6527598E812ABE92E96B1" colspan="1" rowspan="1"> +<emphasis id="6D2D2666592151732F99B25409654D25" bold="true"> +Qc +<subScript id="63BA427670585AA646A1FE37601AAE57">l</subScript> +/ S +<subScript id="6B73E6E97C16B91CB12025B4E0F1BBE9">l</subScript> +</emphasis> +</td> +<td id="91E08539615B0276F6951AD2DBD8EE41" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.20</td> +<td id="0702B94561E4DAC182EF7976AD1104D9" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.16</td> +<emphasis id="B82EFCF457407CBCC7F7DEF42BFDFF5F" bold="true"> +<td id="EC6B6EEDC8CF8E8033918DF926503819" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.10</td> +<td id="9051630B79E1DEEDB3BAEA029FCA1CB5" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.25</td> +</emphasis> +<td id="E780001598A66044DBFFBA7D0AB52C9E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.18</td> +<td id="1894085D3F6963A16A740516EBB39F98" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.21</td> +<td id="8EF1B66EC701C7D3B702FD4A46D9294B" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.11</td> +<td id="72C7BEB993FAEC5AC56854B21E0044E4" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.17</td> +<td id="FD760B8A33482185F11D997836ABF670" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.22</td> +<td id="84167B860E1521BF5801571926F8471C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.14</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="3B98848E48CDF263F608F063454F8453"> +<emphasis id="F26DF5ACB84DD1C1CDE8CFEDF990A745" bold="true"> +<emphasis id="FAB645CFDDD98347A7CE3BA7DE571723" bold="true" italics="true">Growth stage</emphasis> +. +</emphasis> +The three skulls of +<taxonomicName id="5F1BFE0DE47107337A59C0A3319BBB3B" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus"> +<emphasis id="29B78320F744E7B912024358DC6D4FDF" italics="true">Clamorosaurus nocturnus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<specimenCode id="50A2A4A6E9C16C4BD01AF1BF7CAA5259"> +<named-content id="D64CCF51446C8E89A22D01E9B702B0B9" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/paleontological-institute-russian-academy-sciences" xlink_title="Paleontological Institute, Academy of Sciences, Moscow"> +<collectionCode id="1C4C79AF845D1CE296FD2E14E73891D3" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kjjc-ziy5" name="Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences" type="">PIN</collectionCode> +</named-content> +1582/1 +</specimenCode> +, 1582/4 and 1582/6) clearly belong to adult animals, as indicated by the following features: (a) The dermal sculpture consists of a reticulated pattern of small pits and valleys separated by narrow ridges; (b) The quadrate condyles lie distinctly posterior to the occipital condyles; (c) The quadrate is ossified dorsally; (d) The orbits are relatively small compared to other eryopids; (e) The pterygoid has a pronounced transverse process; (f) The scapulocoracoid is well ossified (Figs +<figureCitation id="D2F937B922F7B6234C0222275641A288" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Clamorosaurus nocturnus Gubin, 1983, skull roof in dorsal view, with scapulocoracoid, clavicle and ventral scales (A, B), holotype PIN 1582 / 1, from the Sheshminskian Gorizont (late Kungurian, Permian) of the Pechora River (Komi Republic, Russia). Abbreviations: cl, clavicle; f, frontal; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; n, nasal; p, parietal; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pp, postparietal; prf, prefrontal; pt, pterygoid; ptf, postfrontal; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sc, scapulocoracoid; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; t, tabular; vs, ventral scales." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208657">3</figureCitation> +, +<figureCitation id="3ACDE154000ABA677E3659BB4950962A" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Clamorosaurus nocturnus Gubin, 1983, further specimens, an anterior skull (PIN 1582 / 6) with skull roof in dorsal view (A, B), and palatal remains in ventral view (C, D), basal plate of parasphenoid and clavicular blade of the holotype in ventral view (PIN 1582 / 1, E), and postcranial bones from an additional specimen (PIN 1582 / 2 a – b, F) with remains of the scapulacoracoid, clavicle and ribs, all from the Sheshminskian Gorizont (late Kungurian, Permian) of the Pechora River (Komi Republic, Russia). Abbreviations: ap, anterior palatal depression; bp, basal plate of parasphenoid; ch, choane; cl, clavicle; ec, ectopterygoid; faci, furrow for carotid artery; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; ms, median suture; n, nasal; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; r, rib; sc, scapulocoracoid; sm, septomaxilla; v, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208659">5 F</figureCitation> +); (g) The skull length of +<quantity id="DC9E8F16EEC3F5D1CE6000CD1BACD3C9" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.6" unit="cm" value="17.0" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="16.0">16–18 cm</quantity> +is relatively large and ranged in the middle-sized group in the family +<taxonomicName id="874EF48B6508ECAA0C0627DB2E5E2938" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1882" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Eryopidae</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="133E4A76CFDDF3D799AF12ED6521940B" authorityName="Gaudry" authorityYear="1867" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Actinodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="D85B758D4F4509E4B2CC9099EEEB369C" italics="true">Actinodon</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="7CC20E7E9761544763B66CCEA82C571F" baseAuthorityName="Boy" baseAuthorityYear="1990" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Onchiodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="labyrinthicus"> +<emphasis id="E0BCF8F963175769EE9EA8D445F21344" italics="true">Onchiodon labyrinthicus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +have no larger skulls. However, the degree of ossification of the neurocranium indicates that the +<specimenCount id="F1A05245D1E800D09A0F6A4D4A9A3E49" count="3" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount> +were early adults: (h) Sphenethmoid and basioccipital are not preserved and were probably not ossified in this stage. +</paragraph> +<caption id="0C59A88A901CED65865B90600AD214D2" ID-DOI="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure5" ID-arpha="12A3F6C7-5A9A-580C-A6CB-E7FC132D9DE0" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208659" startId="F5"> +<paragraph id="C05660C0875BC5D122C6C6EAD65548B1"> +<label id="1891AAC5C52E0EDE1F47C018FF0CECB0">Figure 5.</label> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="D22782F81280B0DEF2CDE7ADA1DD9B29"> +<taxonomicName id="B9EFD0A9745075330D10A97E19620676" authority="Gubin, 1983" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus"> +<emphasis id="F3D30DBC7C905E389FCBD68C3111076B" italics="true">Clamorosaurus nocturnus</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="5A775D67500C318E78F27CA8C2F3820B" author="Gubin YM" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontologiceskij Zhurnal" pagination="110-115" refId="B6" refString="Gubin YM (1983) The first eryopids from the Permian of the East-European Platform. Palaeontologiceskij Zhurnal 1983: 110 - 115. [in Russian]" title="The first eryopids from the Permian of the East-European Platform." volume="1983" year="1983">Gubin, 1983</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +, further specimens, an anterior skull ( +<specimenCode id="E05745EF1E089A22C46933C9A477C6D3"> +<named-content id="2894C56FBA62E3321817E1ADDFF8F07F" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/paleontological-institute-russian-academy-sciences" xlink_title="Paleontological Institute, Academy of Sciences, Moscow">PIN</named-content> +1582/6 +</specimenCode> +) with skull roof in dorsal view ( +<emphasis id="6379DB7E5B01A011BD42951F7DCEDFAD" bold="true">A, B</emphasis> +), and palatal remains in ventral view ( +<emphasis id="2E48CA6B85E79723B6E7F77EBEE48313" bold="true">C, D</emphasis> +), basal plate of parasphenoid and clavicular blade of the holotype in ventral view ( +<specimenCode id="2BBFD8BE1B437CCEEFCFE0AA8782619F"> +<named-content id="8701E2560E07FBC6469FF8D11A120256" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/paleontological-institute-russian-academy-sciences" xlink_title="Paleontological Institute, Academy of Sciences, Moscow">PIN</named-content> +1582/1 +</specimenCode> +, +<emphasis id="4AC44365E34B0A91A3402E460E52B845" bold="true">E</emphasis> +), and postcranial bones from an additional specimen ( +<specimenCode id="5321D5C465CD5124C9AA1129EA923907"> +<named-content id="8156D433CBC68FDEB34886C18A278F9B" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/paleontological-institute-russian-academy-sciences" xlink_title="Paleontological Institute, Academy of Sciences, Moscow">PIN</named-content> +1582/2 +</specimenCode> +a – b, +<emphasis id="D98F129C7A622C09C6221A1E3F146383" bold="true">F</emphasis> +) with remains of the scapulacoracoid, clavicle and ribs, all from the Sheshminskian Gorizont (late Kungurian, Permian) of the Pechora River (Komi Republic, Russia). Abbreviations: ap, anterior palatal depression; bp, basal plate of parasphenoid; ch, choane; cl, clavicle; ec, ectopterygoid; faci, furrow for carotid artery; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; ms, median suture; n, nasal; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; r, rib; sc, scapulocoracoid; sm, septomaxilla; v, vomer. +</paragraph> +</caption> +<paragraph id="F36CC573DCA27E3E12A5B5E10DF8B459"> +<emphasis id="6C905DB3B62270CCB3F182AB24D682C3" bold="true"> +<emphasis id="2D43F6E27287CD81F8C57E67EE5CDE7B" bold="true" italics="true">Skull roof</emphasis> +. +</emphasis> +The interpremaxillary suture is short and accounts for 7.4 % of the midline length of the skull. The alary process of the premaxilla is wide and short. +<taxonomicName id="2CE1539DF9EA1E897A304D61D9CF0918" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis"> +<emphasis id="2CCBE7BE443719194AB0294DDE408B35" italics="true">C. borealis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="7F81B6DE495330A05A273EE3C4FE9EAF" authorityName="Gaudry" authorityYear="1867" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Actinodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="9892C37EA03210B4CB3A3F50A2751CE8" italics="true">Actinodon</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +have no alary process. The premaxillary tooth arcade has nine tooth loci (only six in +<taxonomicName id="2F9BC071EB2D19C50257C51E9D7A8F10" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis"> +<emphasis id="DF4D195B6BB11AC689AAA8A3C6610144" italics="true">C. borealis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +). The relatively small teeth have a circular cross-section, and only the two posteriormost teeth are slightly larger. This type of dentition contrasts with that of +<taxonomicName id="DE3950D2B8A4F81F216D917A1898A298" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis"> +<emphasis id="8959F8D5C4FA8D78047F0CCE0783052E" italics="true">C. borealis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="154FAD6220ED9C8919FE4A86A6DEDE01" baseAuthorityName="Sawin" baseAuthorityYear="1941" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megacephalus"> +<emphasis id="8B28463270B712BF72B101D1667CD07C" italics="true">E. megacephalus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="03DFCFDDBC20C2016826AA169BE85888" baseAuthorityName="Boy" baseAuthorityYear="1990" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Onchiodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="labyrinthicus"> +<emphasis id="FC46BDF85269B51F6EAED7ADC5538112" italics="true">O. labyrinthicus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, which consists of much larger teeth that are long-oval in cross-section. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="0DE005197CE868EF9CB2BAC9953C6AEB"> +The maxilla has a relatively narrow dorsal shelf and is ventrally in contact with the quadratojugal. Its tooth arcade has about 25 tooth loci (only +<quantity id="725D6B2D7D22841B9CD7F968EE7B16B2" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.334" unit="in" value="21.0">21 in</quantity> +<taxonomicName id="8DF511A28C65B64E19C48BCA50E6ADBC" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis"> +<emphasis id="CB83B1EAC35BB1A5E837FC1579BC7794" italics="true">C. borealis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +). The teeth have a circular cross-section and they are relatively small. Only the sixth tooth is slightly larger, similar in size to the two larger ones of the premaxilla. This type of dentition contrasts with that of +<taxonomicName id="F3B0100396487A871442C1661D215DC9" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis"> +<emphasis id="9476DDC23922EE9BE172FB8224F45AA6" italics="true">C. borealis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="36225209232468BB38A588ED3DEE780D" baseAuthorityName="Sawin" baseAuthorityYear="1941" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megacephalus"> +<emphasis id="F987666439FC0DFC2F98BEBCE904DF2B" italics="true">E. megacephalus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="B4CFCFEB3DD862BAEC60F6A713DA801D" baseAuthorityName="Boy" baseAuthorityYear="1990" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Onchiodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="labyrinthicus"> +<emphasis id="AB428F11802ADDD6E68FC1BAADFAA387" italics="true">O. labyrinthicus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, which has much larger teeth that are long-oval in cross-section. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="E25B83C1D75162E2F1A227DF263D1A88"> +The circular naris is of similar proportional length as in +<taxonomicName id="A6D5BB5F85F0F1D1624DEF041C96315F" baseAuthorityName="Werneburg and Berman" baseAuthorityYear="2012" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Glaukerpeton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="66FBBE459B9DC7884936D22DB94E98E4" italics="true">Glaukerpeton</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +or +<taxonomicName id="D73642327601D7BAB6EC6CB7DAFD48CB" baseAuthorityName="Sawin" baseAuthorityYear="1941" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megacephalus"> +<emphasis id="121D25403579EE598183F8501458C1B9" italics="true">E. megacephalus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, comprising 10 % of the midline length of the skull. The small septomaxilla is not sculptured (Figs +<figureCitation id="41551BF1999FED26376C2115F20AC5DB" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Clamorosaurus nocturnus Gubin, 1983, second specimen PIN 1582 / 4, with skull roof in dorsal view (A, B), and palate in ventral view (C, D), from the Sheshminskian Gorizont (late Kungurian, Permian) of the Pechora River (Komi Republic, Russia). Abbreviations: ap, anterior palatal depression; bp, basal plate of parasphenoid; ch, choane; cp, cultriform process; ec, ectopterygoid; ept, epipterygoid; f, frontal; faci, furrow for carotid artery; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pt, pterygoid; ptf, postfrontal; qj, quadratojugal; sm, septomaxilla; sq, squamosal; v, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208658">4 A, B</figureCitation> +, +<figureCitation id="92956FC491938C065AB9C2264457F7B0" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Clamorosaurus nocturnus Gubin, 1983, further specimens, an anterior skull (PIN 1582 / 6) with skull roof in dorsal view (A, B), and palatal remains in ventral view (C, D), basal plate of parasphenoid and clavicular blade of the holotype in ventral view (PIN 1582 / 1, E), and postcranial bones from an additional specimen (PIN 1582 / 2 a – b, F) with remains of the scapulacoracoid, clavicle and ribs, all from the Sheshminskian Gorizont (late Kungurian, Permian) of the Pechora River (Komi Republic, Russia). Abbreviations: ap, anterior palatal depression; bp, basal plate of parasphenoid; ch, choane; cl, clavicle; ec, ectopterygoid; faci, furrow for carotid artery; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; ms, median suture; n, nasal; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; r, rib; sc, scapulocoracoid; sm, septomaxilla; v, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208659">5 A, B</figureCitation> +) and may be ventrally directed inside the naris (shared with +<taxonomicName id="4C5A1797F3F79938EB4981E183A55B55" baseAuthorityName="Warren" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="88E9242E9683D744236CFA27594D0BB0" italics="true">Eryops</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +). The posterior margin of the naris is clearly formed by the nasal, lacrimal and maxilla (Fig. +<figureCitation id="10B75F91641E044A952C5E1F70956E3D" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Clamorosaurus nocturnus Gubin, 1983, further specimens, an anterior skull (PIN 1582 / 6) with skull roof in dorsal view (A, B), and palatal remains in ventral view (C, D), basal plate of parasphenoid and clavicular blade of the holotype in ventral view (PIN 1582 / 1, E), and postcranial bones from an additional specimen (PIN 1582 / 2 a – b, F) with remains of the scapulacoracoid, clavicle and ribs, all from the Sheshminskian Gorizont (late Kungurian, Permian) of the Pechora River (Komi Republic, Russia). Abbreviations: ap, anterior palatal depression; bp, basal plate of parasphenoid; ch, choane; cl, clavicle; ec, ectopterygoid; faci, furrow for carotid artery; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; ms, median suture; n, nasal; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; r, rib; sc, scapulocoracoid; sm, septomaxilla; v, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208659">5 A, B</figureCitation> +). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="7E30BE06319363720061B770BC9C41EF"> +The lacrimal is roughly diamond-shaped. It is separated from the orbit by a short contact between jugal and prefrontal. The medial part of the lacrimal is wide (La +<subScript id="4D192D79AD2E82B3448413F518233DC0">w</subScript> +/ La +<subScript id="033CB2F048D31E80451AF5BD71400942">l</subScript> += 0.49), and this bone participates in the posterolateral narial margin. The frontal is long and narrow like in most other eryopids and gets narrower in its posterior part where it is restricted by the medially expanding postfrontals. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="0FFA8F2CA1D4D4F53F41AC53E07B84F6"> +The jugal is proportionally wider (Ju +<subScript id="96FB71C7695607225F61EB8CC456DCA1">w</subScript> +/ S +<subScript id="FF7F632535AEC57E9FC6B8C2905DD932">l</subScript> += 0.22) than in all other eryopids apart from +<taxonomicName id="4254E92671F577A1E1592CFDF3592E8D" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined"> +<emphasis id="FDD77A0A61624A7A4AC29FDF70B1ED23" italics="true">Eryops</emphasis> +sp. +</taxonomicName> +( +<collectionCode id="8E1F610FA97AFEF3F0E2D8D13F803675" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" type="Museum">MCZ</collectionCode> +1914) from the Moran Formation (Table +<tableCitation id="316036C2258BE8DB451C232786C74708" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Comparative measurements of adult eryopid skulls (largest and smallest values in bold; after Boy 1990; Werneburg 1997, 2007; Werneburg and Berman 2012; Werneburg et al. 2023, and the present study). Institutional abbreviations. — CM, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; CMNH, Cleveland Museum of Natural History, Cleveland, Ohio; FMNH, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois; MCZ, Museum of Comparative Zoology of the Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; MHNA, Museum of Natural History, Autun, France; MMG, Museum für Mineralogie und Geologie, Dresden, Germany; NHMMZ / LS, Natural History Museum Mainz / State Collection of Natural History of Rhineland – Palatinate, Germany; NHMS, Naturhistorisches Museum Schloss Bertholdsburg, Schleusingen, Germany; NMMNH, New Mexico Museum of Natural History, Albuquerque, New Mexico; PIN, Paleontological Institute, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; UGKU, Urweltmuseum GEOSKOP / Lichtenberg Castle near Kusel, Germany. For anatomical abbreviations, see Fig. 2." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/4C2805F73BC2AE5930F9CBC7944E27F4" tableUuid="4C2805F73BC2AE5930F9CBC7944E27F4">2</tableCitation> +). The postorbital is triangular in outline. The postfrontal and prefrontal clearly contact one another as in all eryopids. The prefrontal is anteriorly relatively wide. The width of the supratemporal is striking; this bone is only 1.1 times longer than wide. Only in +<taxonomicName id="3156EA774D2312119A758ECB45D5672A" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis"> +<emphasis id="90D34B5FCB9DDD9E1F86E87CEE106D81" italics="true">C. borealis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +the supratemporal is much wider than long (see below). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="91450D3C92805068C23B5E2E827D0A47"> +The parietals anteriorly approach the level of the posterior orbital margin, and the postparietals and tabulars are comparatively short. The tabular horn is modestly elongated (Th +<subScript id="800BE013E1EAB2411150A50F5F232A24">l</subScript> +/ S +<subScript id="9377F3D226815918C82DC75C7DC6DDB3">l</subScript> += 0.09), narrow and its rounded tip points posteriorly and slightly laterally. The width of the cheek is pronounced (W +<subScript id="977947D42FB9BF3DD8C474F4B7AC2F29">w</subScript> +/ S +<subScript id="980237D7715ACBB3A987B9FBEDF36F1D">l</subScript> += 0.30) and is only exceeded by the relative cheek width in +<taxonomicName id="5886F9A298DD00090871F32A19566C8A" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Onchiodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="11912C2986BF5069B40FDCDE54D6D25D" italics="true">Onchiodon</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(Table +<tableCitation id="2B5B558539C710D5D2F88AB2AF42A6A3" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Comparative measurements of adult eryopid skulls (largest and smallest values in bold; after Boy 1990; Werneburg 1997, 2007; Werneburg and Berman 2012; Werneburg et al. 2023, and the present study). Institutional abbreviations. — CM, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; CMNH, Cleveland Museum of Natural History, Cleveland, Ohio; FMNH, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois; MCZ, Museum of Comparative Zoology of the Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; MHNA, Museum of Natural History, Autun, France; MMG, Museum für Mineralogie und Geologie, Dresden, Germany; NHMMZ / LS, Natural History Museum Mainz / State Collection of Natural History of Rhineland – Palatinate, Germany; NHMS, Naturhistorisches Museum Schloss Bertholdsburg, Schleusingen, Germany; NMMNH, New Mexico Museum of Natural History, Albuquerque, New Mexico; PIN, Paleontological Institute, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; UGKU, Urweltmuseum GEOSKOP / Lichtenberg Castle near Kusel, Germany. For anatomical abbreviations, see Fig. 2." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/4C2805F73BC2AE5930F9CBC7944E27F4" tableUuid="4C2805F73BC2AE5930F9CBC7944E27F4">2</tableCitation> +). The squamosal is relatively narrow and the quadratojugal is very wide, especially in its anterior part. The quadratojugal reaches far posterior so that its posterior end comes to lie posterior to the squamosal and roofs the quadrate (Fig. +<figureCitation id="F273249EAE4AA2AC2B4913AEA64E9E0D" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Clamorosaurus nocturnus Gubin, 1983, tentative reconstruction of the skull roof in dorsal view (A), and of the palate in ventral view (B). Abbreviations: ap, anterior palatal depression; bp, basal plate of parasphenoid; ch, choane; cp, cultriform process; ec, ectopterygoid; f, frontal; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; p, parietal; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pp, postparietal; prf, prefrontal; pt, pterygoid; ptf, postfrontal; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sm, septomaxilla; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; t, tabular; v, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208660">6 A, B</figureCitation> +). +</paragraph> +<caption id="369F9BB6EB339B8F3A5DCFC0B6C17380" ID-DOI="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure6" ID-arpha="DBBEF5C7-1D60-51D3-A1EA-D2088918BE5F" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208660" startId="F6"> +<paragraph id="AF4E1D7506C7DB3E35CB22119AF14654"> +<label id="E86C3DE5529D935CE65496B1F3503B61">Figure 6.</label> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="83580D5FC8686923155DEB6F3757951E"> +<taxonomicName id="866ACFD8E93FBC32BE97003203A9333B" authority="Gubin, 1983" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus"> +<emphasis id="E05424BE683A1913F40F25A64A777970" italics="true">Clamorosaurus nocturnus</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="0FC078513E1F4116B96C08E5A2A94006" author="Gubin YM" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontologiceskij Zhurnal" pagination="110-115" refId="B6" refString="Gubin YM (1983) The first eryopids from the Permian of the East-European Platform. Palaeontologiceskij Zhurnal 1983: 110 - 115. [in Russian]" title="The first eryopids from the Permian of the East-European Platform." volume="1983" year="1983">Gubin, 1983</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +, tentative reconstruction of the skull roof in dorsal view ( +<emphasis id="95027A3166A2544E5416F2869B024659" bold="true">A</emphasis> +), and of the palate in ventral view ( +<emphasis id="E7AFEA625EC0E8347A0BE639722875D0" bold="true">B</emphasis> +). Abbreviations: ap, anterior palatal depression; bp, basal plate of parasphenoid; ch, choane; cp, cultriform process; ec, ectopterygoid; f, frontal; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; p, parietal; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pp, postparietal; prf, prefrontal; pt, pterygoid; ptf, postfrontal; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sm, septomaxilla; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; t, tabular; v, vomer. +</paragraph> +</caption> +<paragraph id="40417BFD3C0D08516F8DEF3F245B0B8F"> +The exposure of the quadrate on the occipital surface of the cheek (Fig. +<figureCitation id="BF94C489FF5593FBC0BB191B1F3088DF" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Stratigraphic position of the Sheshminskian horizon (A) and geographical map with the position of the locations Inta and Pechora at the NW-margin of the Ural Mountains in the Komi Republic of Russia (B)." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208655">1</figureCitation> +) consists of a narrow strip of bone that is directed anteromedially between the squamosal and the quadrate ramus of the pterygoid. A boss-like protuberance at the ventral margin of the dorsal quadrate process like in +<emphasis id="5D26E7BAF521C030F1BBCF04DB8572F3" italics="true">Stenokranio</emphasis> +or +<taxonomicName id="DA9367E4775FD28461EF3E0E8CD02450" baseAuthorityName="Werneburg and Berman" baseAuthorityYear="2012" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Glaukerpeton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="3912D57F5FC56758D31569F82ECE7FC9" italics="true">Glaukerpeton</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +might have been developed (Fig. +<figureCitation id="9157D1F5E8A42A254E9B078B381C33DA" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Clamorosaurus nocturnus Gubin, 1983, skull roof in dorsal view, with scapulocoracoid, clavicle and ventral scales (A, B), holotype PIN 1582 / 1, from the Sheshminskian Gorizont (late Kungurian, Permian) of the Pechora River (Komi Republic, Russia). Abbreviations: cl, clavicle; f, frontal; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; n, nasal; p, parietal; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pp, postparietal; prf, prefrontal; pt, pterygoid; ptf, postfrontal; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sc, scapulocoracoid; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; t, tabular; vs, ventral scales." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208657">3 B</figureCitation> +). Quadratojugal foramina cannot be determined with certainty. Like in most adult eryopids, lateral line sulci are not present ( +<bibRefCitation id="5121245C239663DC7F41720175931A9F" DOI="10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00599.x" author="Witzmann" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Witzmann" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pagination="302-340" refId="B51" refString="Witzmann F, Scholz H, Müller J, Kardjilov N (2010) Sculpture and vascularization of dermal bones, and the implications for the physiology of basal tetrapods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 160: 302–340. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00599.x" title="Sculpture and vascularization of dermal bones, and the implications for the physiology of basal tetrapods." volume="160" year="2010">Witzmann et al. 2010</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="C5B53EF475FB87C48CBA42E4240C3A43" DOI="10.1017/jpa.2023.58" author="Werneburg" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Werneburg" issue="6" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Paleontology" pagination="1251-1281" refId="B45" refString="Werneburg R, Witzmann F, Rinehart L, Fischer J, Voigt S (2023) A new eryopid temnospondyl from the Carboniferous – Permian boundary of Germany. Journal of Paleontology 97 (6): 1251–1281. https://doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2023.58" title="A new eryopid temnospondyl from the Carboniferous - Permian boundary of Germany." volume="97" year="2023">Werneburg et al. 2023</bibRefCitation> +). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="A7299FEA682F1D31225FD2D0574A6894"> +<emphasis id="8FA35C699E19DDC9062A99CFE79ADE06" bold="true"> +<emphasis id="80B595C7DA1515E57F6CE4AD40EE0E01" bold="true" italics="true">Palate and braincase</emphasis> +. +</emphasis> +From the palate, large parts of the vomers, palatines, ectopterygoids, pterygoids and the basal plate of the parasphenoid are preserved. Longitudinal ridges on the palatal bones are not developed. Immediately anterior to the level of the anterior vomerine tusks, the rounded posterior end of the anterior palatal fossae extends on the anterior part of the vomers (Fig. +<figureCitation id="9C1D0E2895C3EE6B74907BCB16098980" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Clamorosaurus nocturnus Gubin, 1983, second specimen PIN 1582 / 4, with skull roof in dorsal view (A, B), and palate in ventral view (C, D), from the Sheshminskian Gorizont (late Kungurian, Permian) of the Pechora River (Komi Republic, Russia). Abbreviations: ap, anterior palatal depression; bp, basal plate of parasphenoid; ch, choane; cp, cultriform process; ec, ectopterygoid; ept, epipterygoid; f, frontal; faci, furrow for carotid artery; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pt, pterygoid; ptf, postfrontal; qj, quadratojugal; sm, septomaxilla; sq, squamosal; v, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208658">4 D</figureCitation> +) and probably on the dental shelf of the premaxilla. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="DFFEAB85343E8A4A4BF7D453F1A24A92"> +The vomer is elongated and narrow. The smallest width of both vomers (= interchoanal width ICw / Sl = 0.22) is equal to the smallest width between the narial openings (internarial width) and nearly the same as the interorbital width. The posterolateral corner of the vomer encloses the anterior tip of the pterygoid as in +<taxonomicName id="C8B773B14F3F25DD8EFBAB3AF923B8F2" baseAuthorityName="Warren" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="07985786010E180CEB7FBBC7A575ACEC" italics="true">Eryops</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. The suture between vomer and palatine is much more elongated than in +<taxonomicName id="8FEE7F324E5C07C0A1EA0C13A03D4BE8" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis"> +<emphasis id="43A019F7524852AC655746059733BA9E" italics="true">C. borealis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="E790997C1828C362C610FEEFC714C222" baseAuthorityName="Werneburg and Berman" baseAuthorityYear="2012" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Glaukerpeton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="66091CD7C2C2C3DADB5D275679861F4D" italics="true">Glaukerpeton</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="6D77C2D7F6E9B9FFD9787AB8379AD0D3" authorityName="Gaudry" authorityYear="1867" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Actinodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="757D80F9805DCD3BEA02E8326A42CAA2" italics="true">Actinodon</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. The short palatine is only slightly longer than wide. The ectopterygoid is elongated and c. 1.5 times longer than the palatine. Its posteriormost part is equal in width to the medially neighbouring pterygoid. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5A7B69D294453FF9AA0359BE4857FD2F"> +The dentition of palatine and ectopterygoid is interesting. The palatine bears a conspicuous fang anteriorly and a much smaller one posteriorly, which has the same size as the two fangs on the anterior part of the ectopterygoid. The fangs on the vomer are of equal or smaller size than those on the ectopterygoid. They are located on two separate circular tooth pits; the slightly larger one is located medial to the anterior edge of the choanae and has space for two small fangs. On the right vomer, only one tooth is preserved in this pit, but there is space for another one. Two teeth have been recorded on the left vomer. A further, slightly smaller tooth pit with one tooth is positioned medial to the choana at its midlength. Apart from +<taxonomicName id="77F14EE1AECA8606CB62514D123C0DDB" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus"> +<emphasis id="CE310CD98DCBDDC022B7567098B4AE35" italics="true">C. nocturnus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, this second tooth pit on the vomer is only known in +<taxonomicName id="A95DCA578823B1A02CE6214FD32C4583" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis"> +<emphasis id="AD8F5808349B984F3E37531446D3140B" italics="true">C. borealis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(here with a pair of fangs) and +<taxonomicName id="54E47A23F2331C9DB09302217CEA347F" authorityName="Konzhukova" authorityYear="1956" class="Amphibia" family="Intasuchidae" genus="Syndyodosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="F03150B5FCA3191B8ECC08845FC30EED" italics="true">Syndyodosuchus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="A4EB3B44C7EDF1D941CFE86EDF81BEF5"> +The relatively small choana is of irregular outline, medially expanded and slightly longer than wide. The choanae of +<taxonomicName id="93E7655A7B0140D77242871B2F21FF7A" baseAuthorityName="Werneburg and Berman" baseAuthorityYear="2012" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Glaukerpeton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="ACD05EA41F02CBEF9F205E970432FC62" italics="true">Glaukerpeton</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="6BA5B4089F3E2CA1411459A35A55AB3F" authorityName="Gaudry" authorityYear="1867" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Actinodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6D03E69D4666EC3D034FAE0976CF334F" italics="true">Actinodon</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="5BCD9E3288A2F041A1FC6101E21DA021" baseAuthorityName="Warren" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="0FC66F885AE9C123892F130A5EFEE39D" italics="true">Eryops</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +are larger and more elongate, and in the case of +<emphasis id="F5748C6F6D8E73D12184166452FC5AAD" italics="true">Stenokranio</emphasis> +about as long as wide (Fig. +<figureCitation id="676F57486690BD52B80ABE4274ACC969" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Comparison of related eryopid skulls in dorsal view (A – F) and palatal view (G – L); (A, K) after Werneburg et al. (2023); (B, L) after Werneburg and Berman (2012); (C, G) after Sawin (1941); (D) after Werneburg (1997); (E, I) after Werneburg (2007); (F, J) after Boy (1991); (H) after Werneburg and Steyer (1999). Abbreviations: ch, choane; cp, cultriform process; ec, ectopterygoid; eo, exoccipital; f, frontal; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; p, parietal; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pp, postparietal; prf, prefrontal; ps, parasphenoid; pt, pterygoid; ptf, postfrontal; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; se, sphenethmoid; sm, septomaxilla; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; t, tabular; v, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208669">15</figureCitation> +). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="18A555FAC275844011502D02D312C24B"> +The pterygoid has a narrow palatinal ramus; its most anterior part forms a narrow, anteromedially directed tip, which may overlap the posterolateral corner of the vomer. The transverse flange of the pterygoid exhibits a low, angular expansion. In +<taxonomicName id="8D87707F07AF8D56A7C01A1FC656A22C" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis"> +<emphasis id="53A9D74BB6C38225E3919286D41F9AD1" italics="true">C. borealis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="BFED44E1170F78874FEF75D5F726DEB4" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Onchiodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="4DE09DE9688D0841C7A2EB79B8B3636F" italics="true">Onchiodon</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="4639658EA7ECB6BB45730D633BEA8A91" authorityName="Gaudry" authorityYear="1867" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Actinodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B2138B996F3CDFEC786B1EC142FD4D31" italics="true">Actinodon</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, the entire free lateral margin of the pterygoid is greatly expanded into a right-angled projection. The palatinal ramus and the elongated basipterygoid ramus are strongly curved; thus, the interpterygoid vacuities are extremely wide, especially in their anterior part. The orbitae are not concealed by the pterygoids in ventral view. These characters are shared with +<taxonomicName id="3F168D409036985610EF8B2A4332C426" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis"> +<emphasis id="2A17B902D76D3DB78739EF909F41405B" italics="true">C. borealis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +but are unknown in other eryopids. The stereospondylomorph +<taxonomicName id="A89D72F35AEBD258C562A8C8BC73F748" authorityName="Konzhukova" authorityYear="1953" class="Amphibia" family="Intasuchidae" genus="Intasuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="43373BF15F7C415CEEB1E47986BC00A4" italics="true">Intasuchus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<bibRefCitation id="8393AA568EA9A15DBE20C38B6750716A" author="Konzhukova" firstAuthor="Konzhukova" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR" pagination="5-50" refId="B11" refString="Konzhukova ED (1956) The Intan Lower Permian fauna of the northern Ural region. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR 62: 5–50. [in Russian]" title="The Intan Lower Permian fauna of the northern Ural region." volume="62" year="1956">Konzhukova 1956</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="1466B0E45752EDDC16469A0A1A0EE86D" DOI="10.37520/fi.2020.019" author="Werneburg" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Werneburg" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="Fossil Imprint" pagination="217-242" refId="B44" refString="Werneburg R, Štamberg S, Steyer J-S (2020) A new stereospondylomorph, Korkonterpeton kalnense gen. et sp. nov., from lower Permian of the Czech Krkonoše Piedmont Basin and a redescription of Intasuchus silvicola from the lower Permian of Russia (Temnospondyli, Amphibia). Fossil Imprint 76 (2): 217–242. https://doi.org/10.37520/fi.2020.019" title="A new stereospondylomorph, Korkonterpeton kalnense gen. et sp. nov., from lower Permian of the Czech Krkonoše Piedmont Basin and a redescription of Intasuchus silvicola from the lower Permian of Russia (Temnospondyli, Amphibia)." volume="76" year="2020">Werneburg et al. 2020</bibRefCitation> +) presents similar features, but especially the anteriorly widened interpterygoid vacuities in +<taxonomicName id="6581AB2A93CA99DFF77C2EDAB2CA7806" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="33294873DC2323D1B7EAA71D2CCDBBF6" italics="true">Clamorosaurus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +contrast with +<taxonomicName id="E5118B6FFFCBD0D95BCFE00E0FB920B2" authorityName="Konzhukova" authorityYear="1953" class="Amphibia" family="Intasuchidae" genus="Intasuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="E33D57ACDE0DF549990E3319F0F53D9C" italics="true">Intasuchus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. Polygonal bony plates covering the interpterygoid vacuities are not preserved. Three larger bony plates are accumulated in the anterior part of the interpterygoid vacuities (Fig. +<figureCitation id="E4349C4033641C109E880287A95FDD74" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Clamorosaurus nocturnus Gubin, 1983, second specimen PIN 1582 / 4, with skull roof in dorsal view (A, B), and palate in ventral view (C, D), from the Sheshminskian Gorizont (late Kungurian, Permian) of the Pechora River (Komi Republic, Russia). Abbreviations: ap, anterior palatal depression; bp, basal plate of parasphenoid; ch, choane; cp, cultriform process; ec, ectopterygoid; ept, epipterygoid; f, frontal; faci, furrow for carotid artery; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pt, pterygoid; ptf, postfrontal; qj, quadratojugal; sm, septomaxilla; sq, squamosal; v, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208658">4 C, D</figureCitation> +), which may represent remains of the epipterygoid. Similar bones are known from +<taxonomicName id="E2A5CC66F54D89C5D3044810C1C1BCC1" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis"> +<emphasis id="9F3DA43A01A392748B916648ADE94FDD" italics="true">C. borealis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="DBED8BC62A4E4264E1661A1E3345D935" authorityName="Konzhukova" authorityYear="1956" class="Amphibia" family="Intasuchidae" genus="Syndyodosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B17D7CE50AC0CCC8D56CC08C4E4B4A63" italics="true">Syndyodosuchus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(see below). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="7DD309E84466ECEEC5F2A93EB5CEB445"> +The basicranial articulation is firmly sutured (Fig. +<figureCitation id="80B11CA35615C9C0A971578FB2D8C958" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Clamorosaurus nocturnus Gubin, 1983, second specimen PIN 1582 / 4, with skull roof in dorsal view (A, B), and palate in ventral view (C, D), from the Sheshminskian Gorizont (late Kungurian, Permian) of the Pechora River (Komi Republic, Russia). Abbreviations: ap, anterior palatal depression; bp, basal plate of parasphenoid; ch, choane; cp, cultriform process; ec, ectopterygoid; ept, epipterygoid; f, frontal; faci, furrow for carotid artery; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pt, pterygoid; ptf, postfrontal; qj, quadratojugal; sm, septomaxilla; sq, squamosal; v, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208658">4 C, D</figureCitation> +). The cultriform process of the parasphenoid is generally narrow in contrast to +<taxonomicName id="744CB1FA5B943D8E8336791B8581A5C3" baseAuthorityName="Boy" baseAuthorityYear="1990" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Onchiodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="labyrinthicus"> +<emphasis id="1C5D23240F3255C464BE1180ED6FF08D" italics="true">O. labyrinthicus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="B73C79898203E13B1CC78C072C89A448" baseAuthorityName="Warren" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6B89490D99B8B1A9340A37E6AC44CA8A" italics="true">Eryops</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, in which the process is swollen in its posterior half with convex lateral margins. The basal plate has a narrow rectangular shape like in +<taxonomicName id="7183278497436D7E28063D6109CE2068" baseAuthorityName="Warren" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B80290F3F5D8E15BF937D100636A2F69" italics="true">Eryops</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="233B0863C86C8A06749E79EA03A819A6" authorityName="Konzhukova" authorityYear="1956" class="Amphibia" family="Intasuchidae" genus="Syndyodosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="22A3AD6AF886DB763A1ED09C092737C4" italics="true">Syndyodosuchus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. The ventral surface of the parasphenoidal basal plate has curved furrows for the carotid artery below the basipterygoid pockets, but their foramina lie more anterodorsally near the pockets. A large denticle field is developed between these furrows, which may taper anteriorly like in +<taxonomicName id="939A07CE3678A51012D19552C98ACC8E" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis"> +<emphasis id="761E8D8205FA4A9AF508378082ECB2E1" italics="true">C. borealis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +to attain a triangular shape. Numerous denticles are present on the vomer, on the palatinal ramus of the pterygoid, partly on the palatine and probably on the ectopterygoid. The basioccipital and exoccipitals were apparently not ossified in this growth stage. The articular condyle of the quadrate is transversely expanded. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="7C2A0CA17B8A7A2EDC903CDF016AEF87">The visceral skeleton and mandibles are not preserved.</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8F1CB5B7DB32A490B4A5AA4396516212"> +<emphasis id="52F65B024A06BEEFE779E6DDF0B09A5B" bold="true"> +<emphasis id="8A61F4D4ADBD07221DE819EE6D07F0D4" bold="true" italics="true">Postcranium</emphasis> +. +</emphasis> +Few bones of the anterior part of the postcranial skeleton are associated with the skulls: ribs, clavicles, scapulocoracoids and ventral scales. One narrow rib and one rib with expanded proximal and distal ends are preserved. The clavicle has a relatively narrow ventral blade with remains of dermal sculpture (Fig. +<figureCitation id="430FDBADEEE511D6AB08F07D3B98395F" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Clamorosaurus nocturnus Gubin, 1983, further specimens, an anterior skull (PIN 1582 / 6) with skull roof in dorsal view (A, B), and palatal remains in ventral view (C, D), basal plate of parasphenoid and clavicular blade of the holotype in ventral view (PIN 1582 / 1, E), and postcranial bones from an additional specimen (PIN 1582 / 2 a – b, F) with remains of the scapulacoracoid, clavicle and ribs, all from the Sheshminskian Gorizont (late Kungurian, Permian) of the Pechora River (Komi Republic, Russia). Abbreviations: ap, anterior palatal depression; bp, basal plate of parasphenoid; ch, choane; cl, clavicle; ec, ectopterygoid; faci, furrow for carotid artery; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; ms, median suture; n, nasal; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; r, rib; sc, scapulocoracoid; sm, septomaxilla; v, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208659">5 F</figureCitation> +). The scapulocoracoid (Figs +<figureCitation id="02CC45C2D8E6F702C9D2BC62F6407406" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Clamorosaurus nocturnus Gubin, 1983, skull roof in dorsal view, with scapulocoracoid, clavicle and ventral scales (A, B), holotype PIN 1582 / 1, from the Sheshminskian Gorizont (late Kungurian, Permian) of the Pechora River (Komi Republic, Russia). Abbreviations: cl, clavicle; f, frontal; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; n, nasal; p, parietal; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pp, postparietal; prf, prefrontal; pt, pterygoid; ptf, postfrontal; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sc, scapulocoracoid; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; t, tabular; vs, ventral scales." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208657">3</figureCitation> +, +<figureCitation id="ECD7D03416C1DABD0C98F81A36D4102A" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Clamorosaurus nocturnus Gubin, 1983, further specimens, an anterior skull (PIN 1582 / 6) with skull roof in dorsal view (A, B), and palatal remains in ventral view (C, D), basal plate of parasphenoid and clavicular blade of the holotype in ventral view (PIN 1582 / 1, E), and postcranial bones from an additional specimen (PIN 1582 / 2 a – b, F) with remains of the scapulacoracoid, clavicle and ribs, all from the Sheshminskian Gorizont (late Kungurian, Permian) of the Pechora River (Komi Republic, Russia). Abbreviations: ap, anterior palatal depression; bp, basal plate of parasphenoid; ch, choane; cl, clavicle; ec, ectopterygoid; faci, furrow for carotid artery; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; ms, median suture; n, nasal; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; r, rib; sc, scapulocoracoid; sm, septomaxilla; v, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208659">5 F</figureCitation> +) has an angle of about 90 ° between the supraglenoid buttress and the anterior margin of the scapular blade. Such an angle is known in most +<taxonomicName id="19B5552B7976C294A56B5BBFD621F875" baseAuthorityName="Warren" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="84140EC717F05EFC9B4F3F42BC015C3C" italics="true">Eryops</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +specimens and +<emphasis id="B64D51D22875B365B26A35AB2025E5B9" italics="true">Stenokranio</emphasis> +(see discussion in +<bibRefCitation id="72266A10508C7731E05E3E18B68DA8EC" DOI="10.1017/jpa.2023.58" author="Werneburg" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Werneburg" issue="6" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Paleontology" pagination="1251-1281" refId="B45" refString="Werneburg R, Witzmann F, Rinehart L, Fischer J, Voigt S (2023) A new eryopid temnospondyl from the Carboniferous – Permian boundary of Germany. Journal of Paleontology 97 (6): 1251–1281. https://doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2023.58" title="A new eryopid temnospondyl from the Carboniferous - Permian boundary of Germany." volume="97" year="2023">Werneburg et al. 2023</bibRefCitation> +). This angle is less than 90 ° in +<taxonomicName id="EB8F7348C905BAC087EAC646E786086C" baseAuthorityName="Werneburg and Berman" baseAuthorityYear="2012" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Glaukerpeton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B86EF33EEF08A7F6A0952E0E93E240FC" italics="true">Glaukerpeton</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="3DE40DEC6D75EEB7DA0FE786AA1E57A2" baseAuthorityName="Boy" baseAuthorityYear="1990" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Onchiodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="labyrinthicus"> +<emphasis id="8EB49ACFC809354BB3DDF0375DF14FF4" italics="true">O. labyrinthicus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/4A/79/26/4A7926CDA7EB5F5089735786542DF4B2.xml 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Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR 62: 5 - 50. [in Russian]" title="The Intan Lower Permian fauna of the northern Ural region." volume="62" year="1956">Konzhukova, 1956</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="SECID0EWGCI" type="type_taxon"> +<paragraph id="F331F8F4E93311D751E863205E6242C8"> +<heading id="CC55473B69B6AD38C4A3A4AFF7589277" reason="title">Type species.</heading> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="076A1294462EEC1846783FE2992D4439"> +<taxonomicName id="EEFF979F438F4CE8BB3CBC3FD79E4263" authority="Konzhukova, 1956" authorityName="Konzhukova" authorityYear="1956" class="Amphibia" family="Intasuchidae" genus="Syndyodosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tetricus"> +<emphasis id="5D9A703A441E023402B8C5FEF45358F7" italics="true">Syndyodosuchus tetricus</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="12A032AF6D1FFEFDAECB76165A8F5BC8" author="Konzhukova ED" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR" pagination="5-50" refId="B11" refString="Konzhukova ED (1956) The Intan Lower Permian fauna of the northern Ural region. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR 62: 5 - 50. [in Russian]" title="The Intan Lower Permian fauna of the northern Ural region." volume="62" year="1956">Konzhukova, 1956</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="SECID0EHHCI" type="diagnosis"> +<paragraph id="70521F1382C8CDA2FB6DE2F9CB4ED5F0"> +<heading id="079C28AC6A6A7E1A7C8ECD967D9AA601" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="B7321CED46217BA41ECD65C768E7C987">As for species by monotypy.</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="SECID0EMHCI" type="remarks"> +<paragraph id="EC36911B6448D09FC5D83AA2B29B69D7"> +<heading id="606EFDCA8FA53DD7E9BE3C536EAC5F91" reason="title">Remarks.</heading> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="42651064128867F9B99E694DD33604BD"> +<taxonomicName id="FA64312A8E86428A3680886781EAC618" authorityName="Konzhukova" authorityYear="1956" class="Amphibia" family="Intasuchidae" genus="Syndyodosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="F100A6574D81AA3846370BC7BD999B63" italics="true">Syndyodosuchus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +was interpreted as a basal stereospondylomorph by +<bibRefCitation id="D737027F3B8A71FF90CCDE360F03A08A" author="Konzhukova ED" firstAuthor="Konzhukova" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR" pagination="5-50" refId="B11" refString="Konzhukova ED (1956) The Intan Lower Permian fauna of the northern Ural region. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR 62: 5–50. [in Russian]" title="The Intan Lower Permian fauna of the northern Ural region." volume="62" year="1956">Konzhukova (1956)</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="5B93297DC42AC45D01D05AA93BBD8968" author="Gubin YM" firstAuthor="Gubin" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="Paleontologicheskiy zhurnal" pagination="118-120" refId="B7" refString="Gubin YM (1984) On the systematic position of the intasuchids. Paleontologicheskiy zhurnal 1984 (2): 118–120. [in Russian]" title="On the systematic position of the intasuchids." volume="1984" year="1984">Gubin (1984)</bibRefCitation> +and all later workers (e. g. +<bibRefCitation id="A71B611767C2A8BAFBFBBB9AB661A3DA" author="Shishkin" editor="Benton MJ & Shishkin MA & Unwin DM & Kurochkin EN" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Shishkin" journalOrPublisher="Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK" pagination="35-59" refId="B35" refString="Shishkin MA, Novikov IV, Gubin YM (2000) Permian and Triassic temnospondyls from Russia. In: Benton MJ, Shishkin MA, Unwin DM, Kurochkin EN (Eds) The age of dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 35–59." title="Permian and Triassic temnospondyls from Russia." volumeTitle="The age of dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia." year="2000">Shishkin et al. 2000</bibRefCitation> +and +<bibRefCitation id="9DCC8E2FFD7022AB4AA340A9875D5BC7" author="Schoch and Milner" firstAuthor="Schoch" journalOrPublisher="Friedrich Pfeil, Munich" refId="B30" refString="Schoch RR, Milner AR (2000) Encyclopedia of Paleoherpetology, Part 3 B, Stereospondyli. Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, Munich, 203 pp." title="Encyclopedia of Paleoherpetology, Part 3 B, Stereospondyli. Verlag Dr." year="2000">Schoch and Milner 2000</bibRefCitation> +) followed this assignment. However, +<taxonomicName id="4E777CAD5A4D515C350FD11D0FD403D5" authorityName="Konzhukova" authorityYear="1956" class="Amphibia" family="Intasuchidae" genus="Syndyodosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="52D7F77E7A984E3F7743177344EC6A99" italics="true">Syndyodosuchus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +bears the first four characters listed in the eryopid diagnosis (see above). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/70/FE/70/70FE7088F39D5AAD8AE70193B47174D6.xml b/data/70/FE/70/70FE7088F39D5AAD8AE70193B47174D6.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..6db95249988 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/70/FE/70/70FE7088F39D5AAD8AE70193B47174D6.xml @@ -0,0 +1,1036 @@ +<document id="B4FAB08BC7E568C895A2CE9D114F94D7" ID-DOI="10.3897/fr.27.e125460" ID-ZooBank="09729723-9CEC-4FBF-B0B1-FB8103534379" ID-publisher-id="125460" URI-arpha="2CB3E290-131D-5E15-A8A9-D678E2CCA8EC" 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(1983) The first eryopids from the Permian of the East-European Platform. Palaeontologiceskij Zhurnal 1983: 110 - 115. [in Russian]" title="The first eryopids from the Permian of the East-European Platform." volume="1983" year="1983">Gubin, 1983</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="0556BA80777E65409D759BBB879EF7FE" type="description"> +<paragraph id="82C953E59777C19A23886BDF69A4EE9E"> +<figureCitation id="EC06071F2B7B9C404504B5155B716670" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Clamorosaurus borealis Gubin, 1983, holotype PIN 3950 / 1 with skull roof in dorsal view (A, B), sphenethmoid in ventral view (C, D), and both stapes (E – K), from the Ufimian Intinskaya Svita (late Kungurian, Permian) of Inta (coal mine 9, Komi Republic, Russia). Abbreviations: f, frontal; fo. pq + fo. pqa, paraquadrate and accessory paraquadrate foramina of quadratojugal; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; md, mandible; n, nasal; p, parietal; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pp, postparietal; prf, prefrontal; pt, pterygoid; ptf, postfrontal; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; t, tabular." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208661">Figs 7</figureCitation> +, +<figureCitation id="CF867BC14368FF15B04E964C67F3E6EE" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Clamorosaurus borealis Gubin, 1983, holotype PIN 3950 / 1 with palate and mandibles in ventral view (A, B), and the quadrate condyle in medial view (C), from the Ufimian Intinskaya Svita (late Kungurian, Permian) of Inta (coal mine 9, Komi Republic, Russia). Abbreviations: bp, basal plate of parasphenoid; ch, choane; cp, cultriform process; d, dentary; ec, ectopterygoid; ept, epipterygoid; fo. pq + fo. pqa, paraquadrate and accessory paraquadrate foramina of quadratojugal; fo. q, foramen in quadrate; m, maxilla; md, mandible; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; t, tabular; v, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208662">8</figureCitation> +, +<figureCitation id="AE3A8E48B77C7FCE1B8A3C66C1C8DDB8" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Clamorosaurus borealis Gubin, 1983, tentative reconstruction of the skull roof in dorsal view (A), and of the palate in ventral view (B). Abbreviations: bp, basal plate of parasphenoid; ch, choana; cp, cultriform process; ec, ectopterygoid; ept, epipterygoid; f, frontal; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; p, parietal; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pp, postparietal; prf, prefrontal; pt, pterygoid; ptf, postfrontal; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sm, septomaxilla; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; t, tabular; v, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208663">9</figureCitation> +, +<figureCitation id="F706D1883C6665DFE45AC68F57621731" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Comparison of the revised Russian eryopid skulls in dorsal and palatal view, Clamorosaurus nocturnus (A, B), Clamorosaurus borealis (C, D), Syndyodosuchus tetricus (E, F). Abbreviations: aci, foramen for carotid artery; bp, basal plate of parasphenoid; ch, choane; cp, cultriform process; ec, ectopterygoid; ept, epipterygoid; f, frontal; faci, furrows for carotid artery; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; p, parietal; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pp, postparietal; prf, prefrontal; pt, pterygoid; ptf, postfrontal; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sm, septomaxilla; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; t, tabular; v, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208668">14 C, D</figureCitation> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="SECID0EIMAI" type="Holotype"> +<paragraph id="C4F7C9DA43CD8525C57CE085D0E2438C"> +<heading id="C7A5954FAC8FC393270D09E9FBED2556" reason="title"> +<typeStatus id="2F8337B3FE84F20B3F102E36F2DA0B16" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus> +. +</heading> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="F53159F242A86530D30F1624BF0F0B89"> +<materialsCitation id="53898FABEFAB18FE184382B19990CED3" collectionCode="PIN" specimenCode="PIN 3950/1" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype"> +<specimenCode id="9513E0F25AA5D45416A3AB5A47C72455" collectionCode="PIN" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kjjc-ziy5" name="Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences" type=""> +<named-content id="D26936B60E027357384697297824DEA7" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/paleontological-institute-russian-academy-sciences" xlink_title="Paleontological Institute, Academy of Sciences, Moscow">PIN</named-content> +3950/1 +</specimenCode> +, consisting of the skull in dorsal and palatal view (skull length +<quantity id="FA8B6BAEBE0099C4FEBFF3589DEEE0F0" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.53" unit="cm" value="15.3">15.3 cm</quantity> +) with associated isolated bones such as sphenethmoid, stapes and left quadrate. +</materialsCitation> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="SECID0ESMAI" type="material"> +<paragraph id="E660F1664DCA454D367CFD6F02B578B3"> +<heading id="5F2AAE5508B7542EDCF49C1917B4EE0E" reason="title">Other material.</heading> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="6A5B48057F5756B9D85AC93128C8948D">None.</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="SECID0EXMAI" type="Occurrence"> +<paragraph id="255B42098C8E2D52B8449924654F9440"> +<heading id="93DAEE923A573D16C195B80D91395209" reason="title">Occurrence.</heading> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="BD4AFDB093DA1A7BD0E9AD8F5939519C"> +The holotypic material was found near the town of Inta ( +<collectingRegion id="63D99A0178976AEA4394FFEB07EF2700" country="Russia" name="Komi">Komi Republic</collectingRegion> +, +<collectingCountry id="7C5FB360955019CD726DBBECBF67CE06" name="Russia">Russia</collectingCountry> +) in a limestone from the coal mine number nine of the Ufimian Intinskaya Svita, late Kungurian (Cisuralian, Permian) in 1961. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="SECID0E3MAI" type="diagnosis"> +<paragraph id="7F76F4BA051FDCCFB5BA311C67B258D4"> +<heading id="7BAD1467A458243F36BFF00F6789BD97" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="43BFAFC740A11728E13FCF306350D833">Autapomorphies: (1) Premaxilla with only six teeth, in contrast to nine to 15 premaxillary tooth loci in all other eryopids; (2) Maxilla with only 21 teeth, in contrast to 25 to 43 maxillary tooth loci in all other eryopids; (3) Supratemporal much wider than long; (4) Cultriform process of parasphenoid much shorter than median length of vomer.</paragraph> +<paragraph id="4D4BE1A428FD4E07B8CC7C1F3DB997E3"> +Synapomorphies with some other eryopids: (1) Density of sculpture pattern quantified as the number of pits per in +<superScript id="9E42BA14624DB13E3408A288453CA68B">2</superScript> +on frontal plus jugal range between 3.40 and 5.23, shared with +<taxonomicName id="733EADBD5DE1AF6BF7EDF231481116A4" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus"> +<emphasis id="EBC75AF5F914EDDE34BB3799F5D1D697" italics="true">C. nocturnus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="26F5002FB79BCDAB608E17F81212BED9" baseAuthorityName="Werneburg and Berman" baseAuthorityYear="2012" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Glaukerpeton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="2C09F737B91305CB296652F8F752E1F2" italics="true">Glaukerpeton</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="D9E0559266283AB7A2927C2AD08046FB" authorityName="Konzhukova" authorityYear="1956" class="Amphibia" family="Intasuchidae" genus="Syndyodosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="AECA96FD8ED76271489AA0BB89FB6EF5" italics="true">Syndyodosuchus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, but in contrast to all other eryopids; (2) Premaxilla without alary process, shared with +<taxonomicName id="142E23029B260D2B174345B3813A4F64" authorityName="Gaudry" authorityYear="1867" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Actinodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="A7E183E349FF787221BFE0A49BE839EA" italics="true">Actinodon</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; (3) Some teeth have a long-oval cross-section in labial-lingual direction, shared with +<taxonomicName id="4232C3F2D9C9F582A4524A71DE61B5B0" baseAuthorityName="Boy" baseAuthorityYear="1990" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Onchiodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="labyrinthicus"> +<emphasis id="450B25DBF5F2B3C91C8A614EE4E332AC" italics="true">O. labyrinthicus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="11DBD506FDFC998145CC7F9B9939D18E" baseAuthorityName="Warren" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="DC71D198D02B0EC5D7B8205FFFE3910F" italics="true">Eryops</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; (4) Teeth four to six are the largest premaxillary teeth, in contrast to +<taxonomicName id="AB7B76BB74E208515E6CC2BCC8FF91F3" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus"> +<emphasis id="B47293F511573C83EE01579064D3EEB8" italics="true">C. nocturnus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and many other eryopids; (5) The third tooth is the largest in the maxilla, in contrast to +<taxonomicName id="4E329DE7BEEA74133EF1D0D1A502DB7B" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus"> +<emphasis id="81D4F60665DA5D290284245DC10418D9" italics="true">C. nocturnus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and many other eryopids; (6) Lacrimal wide, its width is only exceeded in +<taxonomicName id="9639F5A07A4BFD71F798AE802947CCA9" baseAuthorityName="Werneburg" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Onchiodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thuringiensis"> +<emphasis id="FFCB2AE4497647377D8767BFC3A58CD2" italics="true">O. thuringiensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; (7) Internarial and interorbital width differ, shared with +<taxonomicName id="AD6508BC3F92807880C07ADE0249CABC" authorityName="Konzhukova" authorityYear="1956" class="Amphibia" family="Intasuchidae" genus="Syndyodosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="79B9D54E8658BE1BBBDBA825BEB77ABF" italics="true">Syndyodosuchus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="31DA56D529F856D830D6DE5E095CF7E8" baseAuthorityName="Werneburg and Berman" baseAuthorityYear="2012" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Glaukerpeton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="43BC3328A1C1007419B47F9D78F7BC64" italics="true">Glaukerpeton</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="28D73A127AAE2DBF84F306267EAF6314" baseAuthorityName="Sawin" baseAuthorityYear="1941" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megacephalus"> +<emphasis id="D2E77FCCB8FFFCBDCB243898DEE10D54" italics="true">E. megacephalus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, but in contrast to +<taxonomicName id="8BDCB731893A01757AA58F76BEA36204" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus"> +<emphasis id="0CD17924D9280B8BA84154311CFA2DB6" italics="true">C. nocturnus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; (8) Very narrow interorbital width, shared with +<taxonomicName id="C63B406B7705DB16C1F0E53538E67174" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus"> +<emphasis id="9EB1BE8FEEE33CBC8DF3A6524E9335FF" italics="true">C. nocturnus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="7E5771BD7D9247600F7E403DA1307A33" authorityName="Konzhukova" authorityYear="1956" class="Amphibia" family="Intasuchidae" genus="Syndyodosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="182469DBFEEA9111EC0D4A898C506810" italics="true">Syndyodosuchus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="BD179A49A194F24FB653B005117D21CE" authorityName="Gaudry" authorityYear="1867" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Actinodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="DD6C1CEEC6C72FC260CD12AEEB5D2FF5" italics="true">Actinodon</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="C0453390F7A9C44475898081350BB8C8" baseAuthorityName="Sawin" baseAuthorityYear="1941" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megacephalus"> +<emphasis id="6306FB7927645DC16119939AB29BB7C5" italics="true">E. megacephalus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; (9) Small orbits, only +<taxonomicName id="AD8C6D52C48A85DFAC80D986DC7BC646" authorityName="Konzhukova" authorityYear="1956" class="Amphibia" family="Intasuchidae" genus="Syndyodosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="F2162F424848F2052BE43101AC486F23" italics="true">Syndyodosuchus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +has relatively smaller orbits; (10) Jugal wide, shared with +<taxonomicName id="C98EE5F1E9B32E289E2217A761CC5048" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus"> +<emphasis id="6CE0CFA78B77E47DD1A195431DCD5BDF" italics="true">C. nocturnus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="4FD6DF97AD7806ED6817F0CFD6C85EED" baseAuthorityName="Werneburg" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Onchiodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thuringiensis"> +<emphasis id="50D83CD5A01CB2CA99F0BEC0E56B7717" italics="true">O. thuringiensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="6A1DE9FBD4EB6E64C36A300AF2E93FD1" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined"> +<emphasis id="A42B8E51B2A6146F3CEE81CFE8FCC7DA" italics="true">Eryops</emphasis> +sp. +</taxonomicName> +from the Moran Formation ( +<collectionCode id="9639B3F2DDE26942560A6E1FD6E83943" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" type="Museum">MCZ</collectionCode> +1914); (11) Septomaxilla is completely unsculptured and ventrally directed, shared with +<taxonomicName id="A6FAE6ACF5E6D6B1E235A2426AF22DD1" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus"> +<emphasis id="1930481203572A5708C5CC8500F63D29" italics="true">C. nocturnus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="A26F0E595311A2F0409F25AD540BA8BC" baseAuthorityName="Warren" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="C0899C1F4E3FE2B25F3C04F063794D56" italics="true">Eryops</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; (12) Elongated contact between jugal and prefrontal, shared with +<taxonomicName id="E4B536C713A8B5A2CE6F740672838BD3" baseAuthorityName="Werneburg" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Onchiodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thuringiensis"> +<emphasis id="9EC0A297E233E7993D864C92A6C77646" italics="true">O. thuringiensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="E1217F976743984703155A135F6A41CA" baseAuthorityName="Sawin" baseAuthorityYear="1941" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megacephalus"> +<emphasis id="CE318AB652907A8A17D0DEE8D5A59A38" italics="true">E. megacephalus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; (13) No interfrontal, in contrast to +<taxonomicName id="358CDB3762D9E5B08DB6589A3B0A4A85" baseAuthorityName="Warren" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="1B4095B83065183CEA8662DA63FC605F" italics="true">Eryops</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="BD7CF20E8918657F3404955711185EAD" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Osteophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="EA037BE590ABFF1DB7424A439BC84A72" italics="true">Osteophorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; (14) Tabular with elongated tabular horn, shared with +<emphasis id="D36872BDC4BBF5CCA6E4796F163C02AD" italics="true">Stenokranio</emphasis> +and +<taxonomicName id="FD44C82B666F2A34BBBF24A697E8707F" baseAuthorityName="Werneburg" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Onchiodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thuringiensis"> +<emphasis id="4158240290D6795B68F2417943FE17AB" italics="true">O. thuringiensis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; (15) Quadrate condyles lie far posterior to the occipital condyles, only in +<taxonomicName id="D01FEEE86491EC0D467CD5AD46FE9759" baseAuthorityName="Sawin" baseAuthorityYear="1941" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megacephalus"> +<emphasis id="6FC227E5449C08C99F27AD72224DD2E7" italics="true">E. megacephalus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is the distance larger; (16) No lateral line sulci, in contrast to +<taxonomicName id="D7F2ED2181D7E9B6B8978CBD8BFBEC41" baseAuthorityName="Werneburg and Berman" baseAuthorityYear="2012" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Glaukerpeton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="CB35EB8808E0A722F3CC25FE248BD153" italics="true">Glaukerpeton</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="17A94335FAE69A0FF99BFCDC86946D9F" authorityName="Gaudry" authorityYear="1867" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Actinodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="0005D052EA6F1D1E282DAE80447C2135" italics="true">Actinodon</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; (17) Interchoanal width wider than internarial width, in contrast to +<taxonomicName id="49FD62FA67AC642A27B1B5319D5F3D2E" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus"> +<emphasis id="FE6F7F9DE7B275AE148F7846388B7672" italics="true">C. nocturnus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; (18) Elongated and narrow palatine, much longer than wide, shared with +<taxonomicName id="9CCB63EBDCD5B4A64AC9EA5B8DC83BDE" authorityName="Konzhukova" authorityYear="1956" class="Amphibia" family="Intasuchidae" genus="Syndyodosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="31694F7B0198EC20CCCC44B2B9501EEE" italics="true">Syndyodosuchus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="6F699F029D4804AD1B38E532D40D07D1" authorityName="Gaudry" authorityYear="1867" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Actinodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="1B654DD3E4E6A879FBCF44576491C25B" italics="true">Actinodon</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, but in contrast to +<taxonomicName id="3C01B144F42EE126204C7B54541DB698" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus"> +<emphasis id="9D08E946B9C3F89CB0F8B1A2E3694B9B" italics="true">C. nocturnus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; (19) Ectopterygoid and palatine about equal in length; (20) Greatly expanded transverse flange of pterygoid into a right-angled projection, shared with +<taxonomicName id="0D07E91479A6249C671D74A0E7C24687" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Onchiodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="C82A97011EC2BB167240258B8AFE1763" italics="true">Onchiodon</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="0438669581B377469B5C587D077CE795" authorityName="Gaudry" authorityYear="1867" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Actinodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="8AA4D03A9C5BDA46B7A2FC752074F32B" italics="true">Actinodon</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and much more pronounced than in +<taxonomicName id="DA8AFD9E65D308B90C4A4B065E2A7233" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus"> +<emphasis id="B545331426359C5AEE6EF421CD8EEE25" italics="true">C. nocturnus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +or +<taxonomicName id="2DBAF59EFEE61D65EA8D66B0313CF438" authorityName="Konzhukova" authorityYear="1956" class="Amphibia" family="Intasuchidae" genus="Syndyodosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="D510C22EAE7ECB399262840BBB1C7323" italics="true">Syndyodosuchus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. (21) Wide basal plate of parasphenoid, in contrast to +<taxonomicName id="F5CF75BBDAB518E9D28CC09BB755405F" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus"> +<emphasis id="7890E3B6ED42638DA28A524BDDB6E78A" italics="true">C. nocturnus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="6820E4D6CE6D967A7813E4FB76999DB0" authority=", Stenokranio" authorityName="Stenokranio" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Onchiodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="858F97E466136D69B97E8B9B81C4E6FC" italics="true">Onchiodon</emphasis> +, +<emphasis id="8718AC2AED713B576273AB2B06556C5F" italics="true">Stenokranio</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="5B9044C29D196AAAE530EBA88C3E04E7" baseAuthorityName="Werneburg and Berman" baseAuthorityYear="2012" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Glaukerpeton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="F0DC78D81DF856E157C34C153F644662" italics="true">Glaukerpeton</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; (22) Triangular denticle field, shared with +<taxonomicName id="896D5121622B45CF5E0BCFAF9EA45E42" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Onchiodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6D1004A9268FFA3C898F5835FF078E2D" italics="true">Onchiodon</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="SECID0EQZAI" type="description"> +<paragraph id="14A712CF8D7C088A14FA4866C1F046D1"> +<heading id="B757549AC0CF659CD0DFE7784D6AB5EE" reason="title">Comparative description.</heading> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="00E65CFE4934EC0CF27BC4488366C845"> +<emphasis id="4A869C5EB485E50BDB41984457CA74A6" bold="true"> +<emphasis id="DE8DB6EB492058A1DFF87915C442316C" bold="true" italics="true">General Skull Morphology</emphasis> +. +</emphasis> +The dermal sculpture of the dorsal surface of the skull roof corresponds to the fine sculpture pattern known from eryopids such as +<taxonomicName id="1A908AA0673487669140452B6DC0DDFF" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus"> +<emphasis id="E1486FB7A5ACD3B6F898404F0BF398C7" italics="true">Clamorosaurus nocturnus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="59A6A84F66DC7042F4030E34FAEAB772" class="Amphibia" family="Intasuchidae" genus="Syndyodosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tetricus"> +<emphasis id="D908C3E9C325434ABB1327DEF4C5EEBB" italics="true">Syndyodosuchus tetricus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="837248F3D92F1949D88E74DC8DBD9724" authority="(Werneburg and Berman 2012)" baseAuthorityName="Werneburg and Berman" baseAuthorityYear="2012" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Glaukerpeton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="avinoffi"> +<emphasis id="AD57B12819358905D30651C88C61E8CE" italics="true">Glaukerpeton avinoffi</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="AE4313676BFA312CB5D430DE56C9740F" DOI="10.2992/007.081.0103" author="Werneburg and Berman" firstAuthor="Werneburg" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Carnegie Museum" pagination="45-72" refId="B43" refString="Werneburg R, Berman DS (2012) Revision of the aquatic eryopid temnospondyl Glaukerpeton avinoffi Romer, 1952, from the Upper Pennsylvanian of North America. Annals of Carnegie Museum 81 (1): 45–72. https://doi.org/10.2992/007.081.0103" title="Revision of the aquatic eryopid temnospondyl Glaukerpeton avinoffi Romer, 1952, from the Upper Pennsylvanian of North America." volume="81" year="2012">Werneburg and Berman 2012</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +(Table +<tableCitation id="6DE3198707F8F25700D877367FE3AEC4" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Ranges of density counts of dermal sculpture pits (p) and valleys per in 2 (6.452 cm 2) of frontal and jugal in relation to the skull length (S l in cm) given separately and combined for eryopids and grouped by genus, species, and maturity (Werneburg and Berman 2012; Werneburg et al. 2023)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/16816ABE791A2A67C12BD40F633C60A1" tableUuid="16816ABE791A2A67C12BD40F633C60A1">1</tableCitation> +). It consists of a reticulated pattern of small pits and valleys separated by narrow ridges on nearly all skull roof bones (Fig. +<figureCitation id="F5356F6CE194B01A644CF297E3C28789" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Clamorosaurus borealis Gubin, 1983, holotype PIN 3950 / 1 with skull roof in dorsal view (A, B), sphenethmoid in ventral view (C, D), and both stapes (E – K), from the Ufimian Intinskaya Svita (late Kungurian, Permian) of Inta (coal mine 9, Komi Republic, Russia). Abbreviations: f, frontal; fo. pq + fo. pqa, paraquadrate and accessory paraquadrate foramina of quadratojugal; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; md, mandible; n, nasal; p, parietal; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pp, postparietal; prf, prefrontal; pt, pterygoid; ptf, postfrontal; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; t, tabular." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208661">7 A, B</figureCitation> +). The density of the sculpture pattern is quantified as the number of pits per in +<superScript id="F771C4D7A1EAF1B67E6B172855B08941">2</superScript> +( +<quantity id="5AB3D7BFDC160CD3CFD29A03FD195A02" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.452" unit="cm" value="6.452">6.452 cm</quantity> +<superScript id="D17CC3C4DE01EDA2546C8500E1706C73">2</superScript> +) on the frontal and jugal, which are typically well-preserved bones in eryopid skulls, and as a proportion of those counts to skull length. These intraspecific indices range between both elements of +<taxonomicName id="126116F730D8270F301BE0A83ED2534B" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis"> +<emphasis id="54D06059C9A0AADFA98ABF117DDF3B93" italics="true">C. borealis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +between 3.40 and 5.23, and on the prefrontal this ratio is 7.84 (Table +<tableCitation id="AC5849D18F2D4AF40FF419E623B78F0E" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Ranges of density counts of dermal sculpture pits (p) and valleys per in 2 (6.452 cm 2) of frontal and jugal in relation to the skull length (S l in cm) given separately and combined for eryopids and grouped by genus, species, and maturity (Werneburg and Berman 2012; Werneburg et al. 2023)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/16816ABE791A2A67C12BD40F633C60A1" tableUuid="16816ABE791A2A67C12BD40F633C60A1">1</tableCitation> +). The dermal sculpture of the dorsal skull roof in other eryopid specimens consists of a much coarser pattern with indices ranging from 0.4 up to 1.7. Higher indices between 1.2 and 4.3 occur only in subadult +<taxonomicName id="3CC96A2B2CD7204F11716B3FA5090DA9" baseAuthorityName="Warren" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="559FF004DF33813A9508B250F0CA548F" italics="true">Eryops</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(Table +<tableCitation id="7DDAB4BD7B9F4DCF9198DD10EE883188" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Ranges of density counts of dermal sculpture pits (p) and valleys per in 2 (6.452 cm 2) of frontal and jugal in relation to the skull length (S l in cm) given separately and combined for eryopids and grouped by genus, species, and maturity (Werneburg and Berman 2012; Werneburg et al. 2023)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/16816ABE791A2A67C12BD40F633C60A1" tableUuid="16816ABE791A2A67C12BD40F633C60A1">1</tableCitation> +). +</paragraph> +<caption id="564F6520B4EB608A60C5A8C6A6E50193" ID-DOI="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure7" ID-arpha="FD300B0A-FF02-5283-B481-A47F6D3CB8CA" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208661" startId="F7"> +<paragraph id="B527CC73C22B835DA1123FB9C1582F7A"> +<label id="D808186EFE436F516A6F6EB454E0B281">Figure 7.</label> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="B9AA42898612146BA6404863E555F530"> +<taxonomicName id="D8D53EFDC0911B91821F0EBEEE1150F1" authority="Gubin, 1983" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis"> +<emphasis id="84BB6998FBF7007A9AB31C5755F4C590" italics="true">Clamorosaurus borealis</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="E0F04408980301C09B854803D582AF1B" author="Gubin YM" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontologiceskij Zhurnal" pagination="110-115" refId="B6" refString="Gubin YM (1983) The first eryopids from the Permian of the East-European Platform. Palaeontologiceskij Zhurnal 1983: 110 - 115. [in Russian]" title="The first eryopids from the Permian of the East-European Platform." volume="1983" year="1983">Gubin, 1983</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +, holotype +<specimenCode id="B732D490B101E174DFE7963915949BB7"> +<named-content id="8DA9973214976C3FB208B1E51679B951" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/paleontological-institute-russian-academy-sciences" xlink_title="Paleontological Institute, Academy of Sciences, Moscow">PIN</named-content> +3950/1 +</specimenCode> +with skull roof in dorsal view ( +<emphasis id="57D147D0FE7F3804269A6F484DCD5D06" bold="true">A, B</emphasis> +), sphenethmoid in ventral view ( +<emphasis id="2A2BA3B9F1E7980E282406A92F283C8E" bold="true">C, D</emphasis> +), and both stapes ( +<emphasis id="D61D1561D910E76A352BA74FE7C2AADB" bold="true">E – K</emphasis> +), from the Ufimian Intinskaya Svita (late Kungurian, Permian) of Inta (coal mine 9, Komi Republic, Russia). Abbreviations: f, frontal; fo. pq + fo. pqa, paraquadrate and accessory paraquadrate foramina of quadratojugal; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; md, mandible; n, nasal; p, parietal; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pp, postparietal; prf, prefrontal; pt, pterygoid; ptf, postfrontal; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; t, tabular. +</paragraph> +</caption> +<paragraph id="75862B4E9ECE8CCA806A212B8F90BA9D"> +The dorsal strutting pattern with large ridges on the skull roof is well developed (Figs +<figureCitation id="3E79534B194AA33E40554B2C68E5DBB8" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Clamorosaurus borealis Gubin, 1983, holotype PIN 3950 / 1 with skull roof in dorsal view (A, B), sphenethmoid in ventral view (C, D), and both stapes (E – K), from the Ufimian Intinskaya Svita (late Kungurian, Permian) of Inta (coal mine 9, Komi Republic, Russia). Abbreviations: f, frontal; fo. pq + fo. pqa, paraquadrate and accessory paraquadrate foramina of quadratojugal; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; md, mandible; n, nasal; p, parietal; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pp, postparietal; prf, prefrontal; pt, pterygoid; ptf, postfrontal; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; t, tabular." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208661">7 A, B</figureCitation> +, +<figureCitation id="7512B9039E5BCC8CD2DFB395B1099AEE" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Clamorosaurus borealis Gubin, 1983, tentative reconstruction of the skull roof in dorsal view (A), and of the palate in ventral view (B). Abbreviations: bp, basal plate of parasphenoid; ch, choana; cp, cultriform process; ec, ectopterygoid; ept, epipterygoid; f, frontal; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; p, parietal; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pp, postparietal; prf, prefrontal; pt, pterygoid; ptf, postfrontal; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sm, septomaxilla; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; t, tabular; v, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208663">9 A</figureCitation> +). A large longitudinal ridge extends from the lateral portion of the tabular and supratemporal to the postorbital. It then runs on the anterior skull table from the suture between prefrontal / frontal and on the lateral part of the nasal to the medial margin of the naris. A transverse ridge connects the longitudinal ridges on the frontals, and anterior and posterior to it the surface of the frontals is depressed. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="BC373D8B243E94B6026814722187CA64"> +The degree of skull roof ossification is probably relatively high and the bones may have the thickness commonly present in other eryopids with the exception of +<taxonomicName id="2EFE147F5A31AFD299F0DAA222C9F406" baseAuthorityName="Werneburg and Berman" baseAuthorityYear="2012" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Glaukerpeton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="2B0ACD8706C2C304D640B55D87AF935F" italics="true">Glaukerpeton</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="8D48B027EF41F378AC971CEA4817A1CF" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus"> +<emphasis id="536C4E4CBA58518C362BB5EEC06EB8EE" italics="true">C. nocturnus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(see above). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="834DBFB9A409F3B68F9C3B83F459185B"> +The well-preserved skull of +<taxonomicName id="DD9BD18E904FC70CEC8D3AB317E09DD4" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis"> +<emphasis id="4D53345BD00046056681E4EE1ACA893E" italics="true">C. borealis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +allows a tentative reconstruction of the skull roof in dorsal view and of the palate in ventral view (Fig. +<figureCitation id="237086A6D84F0FD6A85BA6C2BF0E53D6" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Clamorosaurus borealis Gubin, 1983, tentative reconstruction of the skull roof in dorsal view (A), and of the palate in ventral view (B). Abbreviations: bp, basal plate of parasphenoid; ch, choana; cp, cultriform process; ec, ectopterygoid; ept, epipterygoid; f, frontal; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; p, parietal; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pp, postparietal; prf, prefrontal; pt, pterygoid; ptf, postfrontal; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sm, septomaxilla; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; t, tabular; v, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208663">9</figureCitation> +). The skull is slightly wider than long (Table +<tableCitation id="7D024E1FEBA82DFE165798559A683A53" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Comparative measurements of adult eryopid skulls (largest and smallest values in bold; after Boy 1990; Werneburg 1997, 2007; Werneburg and Berman 2012; Werneburg et al. 2023, and the present study). Institutional abbreviations. — CM, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; CMNH, Cleveland Museum of Natural History, Cleveland, Ohio; FMNH, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois; MCZ, Museum of Comparative Zoology of the Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; MHNA, Museum of Natural History, Autun, France; MMG, Museum für Mineralogie und Geologie, Dresden, Germany; NHMMZ / LS, Natural History Museum Mainz / State Collection of Natural History of Rhineland – Palatinate, Germany; NHMS, Naturhistorisches Museum Schloss Bertholdsburg, Schleusingen, Germany; NMMNH, New Mexico Museum of Natural History, Albuquerque, New Mexico; PIN, Paleontological Institute, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; UGKU, Urweltmuseum GEOSKOP / Lichtenberg Castle near Kusel, Germany. For anatomical abbreviations, see Fig. 2." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/4C2805F73BC2AE5930F9CBC7944E27F4" tableUuid="4C2805F73BC2AE5930F9CBC7944E27F4">2</tableCitation> +; Fig. +<figureCitation id="62BB9F5E81761308590EA657742FBBAA" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Clamorosaurus nocturnus Gubin, 1983, tentative reconstruction of the skull roof in dorsal view (A), and of the palate in ventral view (B). Abbreviations: ap, anterior palatal depression; bp, basal plate of parasphenoid; ch, choane; cp, cultriform process; ec, ectopterygoid; f, frontal; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; p, parietal; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pp, postparietal; prf, prefrontal; pt, pterygoid; ptf, postfrontal; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sm, septomaxilla; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; t, tabular; v, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208660">6 B</figureCitation> +; pS +<subScript id="F5C6D37E02727B703E8C3EFCFF7BC710">w</subScript> +/ S +<subScript id="17A56617DB54D7539705A191606D9F92">l</subScript> += 1.08). The lateral margins of the skull are convex in dorsal view. The snout margin is laterally markedly constricted at the level of the naris like in +<taxonomicName id="59A5AB53665FC268E35D4BF2F32FC3BE" baseAuthorityName="Sawin" baseAuthorityYear="1941" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megacephalus"> +<emphasis id="32C53BD76DCEA28C379CE36BCFC00B43" italics="true">Eryops megacephalus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="26DBA51DCB24641882634BCD620AC047" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Osteophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B1C8A7E0C8C160DEE1270C1218671BF9" italics="true">Osteophorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. The postorbital region of the skull roof is relatively long (H +<subScript id="7AA87FD5CB724FFE919E80470FABCC25">l</subScript> +/ S +<subScript id="8B986AA7FE0655750578D048CD6E6F80">l</subScript> += 0.25) and wide (H +<subScript id="571284FA1D4489A10D0D6215D71B3E3A">w</subScript> +/ S +<subScript id="F1E5D450C62E7AE09F7CB143DFDF9022">l</subScript> += 0.52). The preorbital skull is relatively elongate (PO +<subScript id="ED6314107424EC0732895EDC24F53F5C">l</subScript> +/ S +<subScript id="8D030CD65ED374ADE073C8F04CFB40B8">l</subScript> += 0.60). The internarial and interorbital width differ from each other (IN +<subScript id="F46763813C4190C84B31F956DEE2DB12">w</subScript> +/ S +<subScript id="217307B118DA94C7C1E20CD1E4EDE288">l</subScript> += 0.27, IO +<subScript id="AB0C000EA8BE4C6F4D0A2D09B6255AA6">w</subScript> +/ S +<subScript id="91E4F8C6746B6631EF1D8EBA44A55629">l</subScript> += 0.21) with a smaller relative interorbital width. Both species of +<taxonomicName id="0D1B6E34B676E4C0EEA1EF8BA3D08DFD" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="D62B725A7437377EAE8509C08D270F30" italics="true">Clamorosaurus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +share with +<taxonomicName id="5B6050E6904FD175A2AE6CEB2927B963" authorityName="Gaudry" authorityYear="1867" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Actinodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="7B8B658DBA67A1B1997E91A2D9ABE01E" italics="true">Actinodon</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(IO +<subScript id="EF0FE00DF1B8A709E5D211C0D56C312F">w</subScript> +/ S +<subScript id="2C5BAE2438E292A33C2164EAE6F85275">l</subScript> += 0.20–0.21) the narrowest interorbital region in eryopids. The occipital margin of the skull roof is only slightly concave. The quadrate condyles lie distinctly posterior to the occipital condyles (Qc +<subScript id="A2D244E65ACBA204317BD60C04893DDF">l</subScript> +/ S +<subScript id="CC74F6B2D45CC9D9B8DEB0DD4D3418D9">l</subScript> += 0.22; Table +<tableCitation id="DE408BD1A9FC2503F64923984EB8DB2F" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Comparative measurements of adult eryopid skulls (largest and smallest values in bold; after Boy 1990; Werneburg 1997, 2007; Werneburg and Berman 2012; Werneburg et al. 2023, and the present study). Institutional abbreviations. — CM, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; CMNH, Cleveland Museum of Natural History, Cleveland, Ohio; FMNH, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois; MCZ, Museum of Comparative Zoology of the Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; MHNA, Museum of Natural History, Autun, France; MMG, Museum für Mineralogie und Geologie, Dresden, Germany; NHMMZ / LS, Natural History Museum Mainz / State Collection of Natural History of Rhineland – Palatinate, Germany; NHMS, Naturhistorisches Museum Schloss Bertholdsburg, Schleusingen, Germany; NMMNH, New Mexico Museum of Natural History, Albuquerque, New Mexico; PIN, Paleontological Institute, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; UGKU, Urweltmuseum GEOSKOP / Lichtenberg Castle near Kusel, Germany. For anatomical abbreviations, see Fig. 2." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/4C2805F73BC2AE5930F9CBC7944E27F4" tableUuid="4C2805F73BC2AE5930F9CBC7944E27F4">2</tableCitation> +) as in +<taxonomicName id="2A7840DBB9A99647674FFE560A874B55" baseAuthorityName="Warren" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6BE3053E3EE12FD0FF942FF795C79257" italics="true">Eryops</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. The circular orbits are small compared to other eryopids (O +<subScript id="5F947354B76355CE1A86B39103048FD2">l</subScript> +/ S +<subScript id="A17A89142E91792E0916AFC0DE7FAB9E">l</subScript> += 0.14). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="29AD22E2156750CA680B5BF39C042542"> +<emphasis id="48FB184E1D15CAB9451AB5EC72002FF8" bold="true"> +<emphasis id="3AF1DB1B647749E63F522F2E5B1379B8" bold="true" italics="true">Growth stage</emphasis> +. +</emphasis> +The single skull of +<taxonomicName id="DEC6C6A7CBAA85D0A6ACC1B75EAE1DA4" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis"> +<emphasis id="51EE6E3E500B2C6F6D0F5CB9E5075968" italics="true">Clamorosaurus borealis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +can be interpreted as adult for the following reasons: (a) The dermal sculpture consists of a dense reticulated pattern of small pits and valleys separated by narrow ridges; (b) The quadrate condyles lie far posterior to the occipital condyles; (c) The quadrate is ossified dorsally; (d) The orbits are small compared to other eryopids. Admittedly, small orbits could also represent a taxon-specific character and not necessarily an ontogenetic one. In general, however, larval and juvenile temnospondyls have proportionally larger orbits than adults, and thus the small orbits in +<taxonomicName id="7800A8F583CCBE0C26686ED7ACDEF630" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus"> +<emphasis id="82A81DB1B8D9102433937C71D8F10A63" italics="true">C. nocturnus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +support our interpretation; (e) the pterygoid bears a pronounced transverse process; (f) The epipterygoid is ossified with a large plate. With a skull length of +<quantity id="2EED071354610241CCCF9707C18CE51D" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity> +, +<taxonomicName id="0743BD60FA53AA694A56A1D18549ED4C" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis"> +<emphasis id="5B7998B34FB5A93581D1110360EE441A" italics="true">C. borealis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is a middle-sized eryopid similar to +<taxonomicName id="86C81DBA3DAAA261A3F8D6E1A27389B8" authorityName="Gaudry" authorityYear="1867" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Actinodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="764577082EACFC4DCA4DACD10DB96255" italics="true">Actinodon</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="32B07CC5DFFD5D7A76595799694C5253" baseAuthorityName="Boy" baseAuthorityYear="1990" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Onchiodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="labyrinthicus"> +<emphasis id="34EE239B895168BD34203E34DF98C49A" italics="true">Onchiodon labyrinthicus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="06EAA2A88EF956559FF2392A64E0F7A5"> +<emphasis id="1B1C100AEE6CBC2BBADA3CCC8684E4D3" bold="true" italics="true">Skull roof</emphasis> +. The interpremaxillary suture is moderately long and accounts for 11.0 % of the midline length of the skull. An alary process of the premaxilla cannot be discerned, and the only other eryopid without this process is +<taxonomicName id="7F16539A0E7172E7B7F088A45EE5D0ED" authorityName="Gaudry" authorityYear="1867" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Actinodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="F954CDAECF8DC74FEA32BFC585766BDC" italics="true">Actinodon</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. Both premaxillaries are strongly curved, leading to a narrow snout with a strongly arched tooth arcade and a lateral constriction anterior to the maxilla. The premaxilla has only six tooth loci, whereas all other eryopids have nine to 15 premaxillary tooth loci (Table +<tableCitation id="4CAF8996DA75C51C6601F8E314AB6CAC" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Tooth places (largest and smallest values in bold), position of largest teeth (numbered from anterior) and general kind of dentition in premaxilla and maxilla of the eryopids (compare Figs 12, 13). Abbreviations. — Le, left lateral side; ri, right lateral side." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/198F31F35CB446DC0A807B3B4167B910" tableUuid="198F31F35CB446DC0A807B3B4167B910">3</tableCitation> +). Similar to the small orbits, it cannot be ruled out that this is an ontogenetic character since tooth number frequently increases in temnospondyl ontogeny from larvae to adults in the context of proportional snout elongation (see e. g., +<bibRefCitation id="35D085860B36A7BFE8BA7F28B114833B" DOI="10.1017/S0263593300001279" author="Witzmann F" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh" pagination="131-162" refId="B47" refString="Witzmann F (2005 b) Cranial morphology and ontogeny of the Permo-Carboniferous temnospondyl Archegosaurus decheni Goldfuss, 1847 from the Saar – Nahe Basin, Germany. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh 96 (2): 131–162. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0263593300001279" title="Cranial morphology and ontogeny of the Permo-Carboniferous temnospondyl Archegosaurus decheni Goldfuss, 1847 from the Saar - Nahe Basin, Germany." volume="96">Witzmann 2005 b</bibRefCitation> +). However, this possibility is regarded as unlikely by us because (1) +<bibRefCitation id="59CA70B3465846FD93199B739A220904" DOI="10.1007/BF02985720" author="Boy JA" firstAuthor="Boy" journalOrPublisher="Paläontologische Zeitschrift" pagination="287-312" refId="B1" refString="Boy JA (1990) Über einige Vertreter der Eryopoidea (Amphibia: Temnospondyli) aus dem europäischen Rotliegend (? höchstes Karbon-Perm). 3. Onchiodon. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 64: 287–312. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02985720" title="Über einige Vertreter der Eryopoidea (Amphibia: Temnospondyli) aus dem europäischen Rotliegend (? höchstes Karbon-Perm). 3. Onchiodon." volume="64" year="1990">Boy (1990)</bibRefCitation> +did not document any increase of premaxillary teeth during ontogeny of +<taxonomicName id="FF820F6CE8F4DFF2062E48F1076DDF41" baseAuthorityName="Boy" baseAuthorityYear="1990" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Onchiodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="labyrinthicus"> +<emphasis id="571D48342AE15C8C294F3BAABDF1B09E" italics="true">Onchiodon labyrinthicus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and (2) the other characters listed here argue against a larval or juvenile state of the specimens under study. Only the first two small teeth and the following middle-sized tooth have a circular cross-section. Teeth number four to six are the largest ones and possess a long-oval cross-section in labial-lingual direction, shared with +<taxonomicName id="FA63B59295FB49B9BD8D9505C585AF29" baseAuthorityName="Sawin" baseAuthorityYear="1941" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megacephalus"> +<emphasis id="C448FB8B7A4AB545C297FB4ECF72176F" italics="true">Eryops megacephalus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="88869F90B0E88C843AB865B331800250" baseAuthorityName="Boy" baseAuthorityYear="1990" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Onchiodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="labyrinthicus"> +<emphasis id="63402EF0DBF02D5F99E61A396ADB9180" italics="true">O. labyrinthicus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +<caption id="198F31F35CB446DC0A807B3B4167B910" ID-Table-UUID="198F31F35CB446DC0A807B3B4167B910" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/198F31F35CB446DC0A807B3B4167B910" startId="T3" targetIsTable="true"> +<paragraph id="9AA8E3C3D9FA0FB866EE7766A1D008D0"> +<label id="F34A9330A18BD8A1811E338D5D0FDED5">Table 3.</label> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="C1FF7F236136EB9019A19BB5E6C51609"> +Tooth places (largest and smallest values in bold), position of largest teeth (numbered from anterior) and general kind of dentition in premaxilla and maxilla of the eryopids (compare Figs +<figureCitation id="65FA37984ED03453176203B49173CDC9" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Syndyodosuchus tetricus Konzhukova, 1956, further specimens, a right-anterior part of a skull with choana (PIN 570 / 6) in ventral view (A, B), and dorsolateral view (C), and an anterior dentary with symphyseal tusk in labial view (D) and lingual view (E), from the Ufimian Intinskaya Svita (late Kungurian, Permian) of Inta (coal mine at ‘ Greater Inta River’, Komi Republic, Russia) (PIN 570 / 41). Abbreviations: ch, choana; m, maxilla; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; v, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208666">12</figureCitation> +, +<figureCitation id="BB0CBE6D58BBD31075BAEECB64456A92" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Syndyodosuchus tetricus Konzhukova, 1956, tentative reconstruction of the skull roof in dorsal view (A), and of the palate in ventral view (B). Abbreviations: aci, foramen for carotid artery; bp, basal plate of parasphenoid; ch, choane; cp, cultriform process; ec, ectopterygoid; ept, epipterygoid; f, frontal; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; p, parietal; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pp, postparietal; prf, prefrontal; pt, pterygoid; ptf, postfrontal; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sm, septomaxilla; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; t, tabular; v, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208667">13</figureCitation> +). Abbreviations. — Le, left lateral side; ri, right lateral side. +</paragraph> +</caption> +<paragraph id="CC23530E30061D52AFEE7840805234AD"> +<table id="TID0E26BI" rules="all"> +<tbody id="69DB35C3C2D920A69EB5110D1E9A3B16"> +<tr id="FCB68718E6937C78EB1F75D8FCCDD646"> +<th id="627C0F4E99CC12ED5FBAF3FCD0BF1F3E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Eryopids</th> +<th id="5E6F23F4F3451E8104DF0A4C0675E059" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Premaxilla tooth places</th> +<th id="8A3695A90A98B0B24DE26FC2B2383CEA" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Largest teeth</th> +<th id="0FF1019E76FDD6E7812B5052A0489E00" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Maxilla tooth places</th> +<th id="42B53DC6735FEC167BA1A35D64FB6E7D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Largest teeth</th> +<th id="E2251145E46E53021DDDCAAA90940740" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Dentition</th> +</tr> +<tr id="B12DCAD534E1425656D32B22FC9A77EC"> +<td id="AC21363648F3AE523443AE8BBBE2AA18" colspan="1" rowspan="1"> +<taxonomicName id="AAB322561A15DE3D410A2D1E453EDCC6" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus"> +<emphasis id="95F0259EC04B6D64B0E92D0712F6BE7A" bold="true" italics="true">Clamorosaurus nocturnus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(this paper) +</td> +<td id="66AD12DED8C6A9593B15E6B02B53A126" colspan="1" rowspan="1">9</td> +<td id="3103BCCC2F37FD7CD94E8F19ADC19259" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8. – 9.</td> +<td id="E4738C9769FEC07E069642BFDEB71B4F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">25</td> +<td id="EF80051B6C0447885BF4DFB3A53DB9D3" colspan="1" rowspan="1">6.</td> +<td id="75FA6FA7B1D8DC5FD7470EDE5773C702" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Small, circular cross-section</td> +</tr> +<tr id="AF0787A23A21D3B103B6698530612DCA"> +<td id="E327FE6CBE783273FF8B0C61F3E346B6" colspan="1" rowspan="1"> +<taxonomicName id="649A22B70941F537054643654254143C" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis"> +<emphasis id="2A4142B8366E2BECCD65A364373A413E" bold="true" italics="true">Clamorosaurus borealis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(this paper) +</td> +<td id="D06892AF917ECD4891D393AD77F3EF83" colspan="1" rowspan="1"> +<emphasis id="665C7E64591A7050D1078F5217331064" bold="true">6</emphasis> +</td> +<td id="70B5492915BAF1F1DB4DCE7867093F72" colspan="1" rowspan="1">4. – 6.</td> +<td id="7D957C1E32F6388BA0D57EA6D5EEA453" colspan="1" rowspan="1"> +<emphasis id="B8E71AD069615C6C0C6C78FA7989626F" bold="true">21</emphasis> +</td> +<td id="0D30AB6D8D7D4F93AB8D2A0482E6829C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3.</td> +<td id="66D948BB6F3BEE927F6002ABE60FBE60" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Large, long-oval cross-section</td> +</tr> +<tr id="AFF8BE27A7542E060834C42685218FC3"> +<td id="A9F37447FFA002470C1F95C2E158A509" colspan="1" rowspan="1"> +<taxonomicName id="3DB10BAAA092C659A0B96C4CF2673885" class="Amphibia" family="Intasuchidae" genus="Syndyodosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tetricus"> +<emphasis id="F28B2DC868C6E31CC4467BCBC71DE482" bold="true" italics="true">Syndyodosuchus tetricus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(this paper) +</td> +<td id="C36630BB1450FFC92C1C4FE4FDDEF2ED" colspan="1" rowspan="1">10 (? 11)</td> +<td id="77E75EE6AF45B686F62F3226D46B7D1D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">9. – 10.</td> +<td id="6C6F550CD02732DD0A936C471C434E43" colspan="1" rowspan="1">25 (? 26)</td> +<td id="9907AB4C895EE9C8BD211728607C5AEB" colspan="1" rowspan="1">6. – 10.</td> +<td id="857287DBACD08EC8948168AA8DE44D75" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Small, circular cross-section</td> +</tr> +<tr id="C25959FDB961F9A289212DEE0A99F05A"> +<td id="3E7B298AE3F323E6FA246A5E0B0992E9" colspan="1" rowspan="1"> +<emphasis id="6521A2135911379E8000C87CFFE1B337" bold="true" italics="true"> +Stenokranio +<taxonomicName id="2E81D3D989752EF25DB96732D20CDF91" authority="(Werneburg et al. 2023)" baseAuthorityName="Werneburg" baseAuthorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Intasuchidae" genus="Syndyodosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boldi"> +boldi ( +<bibRefCitation id="D26726DF554E153BF09C42BC9691C1B5" DOI="10.1017/jpa.2023.58" author="Werneburg" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Werneburg" issue="6" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Paleontology" pagination="1251-1281" refId="B45" refString="Werneburg R, Witzmann F, Rinehart L, Fischer J, Voigt S (2023) A new eryopid temnospondyl from the Carboniferous – Permian boundary of Germany. Journal of Paleontology 97 (6): 1251–1281. https://doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2023.58" title="A new eryopid temnospondyl from the Carboniferous - Permian boundary of Germany." volume="97" year="2023">Werneburg et al. 2023</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +</td> +<td id="A539CCDE44D5A5716315F49A2E23F564" colspan="1" rowspan="1">13</td> +<td id="1AAE7613E2579824F8F958185CC2A72C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td> +<td id="230DD7767F78D13559EC55ED891F7CA7" colspan="1" rowspan="1">40 – 42</td> +<td id="82F2AEAFCF5FC111E4D4648BE6337B55" colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td> +<td id="F44A571B5404175AC4ABB8320CD11FA6" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Small, circular cross-section</td> +</tr> +<tr id="AED548E2E89643EF47A6E210D9BAB468"> +<td id="6545C647B89105DBE9E7B8E30FAE6BE3" colspan="1" rowspan="1"> +<taxonomicName id="A2560FA5F2EA00AC956CD967A6EA007D" authority="(Werneburg and Berman 2012)" baseAuthorityName="Werneburg and Berman" baseAuthorityYear="2012" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Glaukerpeton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="avinoffi"> +<emphasis id="6CE2C5D1CEA65D5F4E67F5793C314489" bold="true" italics="true">Glaukerpeton avinoffi</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="AE480FC2DF2FBF36C0729A00AB35E7B1" DOI="10.2992/007.081.0103" author="Werneburg and Berman" firstAuthor="Werneburg" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Carnegie Museum" pagination="45-72" refId="B43" refString="Werneburg R, Berman DS (2012) Revision of the aquatic eryopid temnospondyl Glaukerpeton avinoffi Romer, 1952, from the Upper Pennsylvanian of North America. Annals of Carnegie Museum 81 (1): 45–72. https://doi.org/10.2992/007.081.0103" title="Revision of the aquatic eryopid temnospondyl Glaukerpeton avinoffi Romer, 1952, from the Upper Pennsylvanian of North America." volume="81" year="2012">Werneburg and Berman 2012</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +</td> +<td id="EE7460C6A879D7A07ABC7E23905B6C7D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">10 or 11 elong. teeth</td> +<td id="5B87DBF753068F74603B322083764C1D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td> +<td id="7C789DE801C787AD36A0364FEF6CD90C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">37</td> +<td id="42F3309D19EDEDEA43E58AC946C0EF2A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td> +<td id="4964F858FD73295A6B09BC6858416D68" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Small, circular cross-section</td> +</tr> +<tr id="2DD9B76FE6CE938005EB334DB2B3B970"> +<td id="3AAC4BAE36AADABAA069BC61F64F3ABB" colspan="1" rowspan="1"> +<taxonomicName id="B2B4B7117637452C3B2CE7909B35C39E" authority="(Sawin 1941)" baseAuthorityName="Sawin" baseAuthorityYear="1941" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megacephalus"> +<emphasis id="D1F8BB117A7F8B4482B571E080112280" bold="true" italics="true">Eryops megacephalus</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="FDA697269CB04F406CEDFC3AC8E79B23" author="Sawin" firstAuthor="Sawin" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College" pagination="405-464" refId="B24" refString="Sawin HJ (1941) The cranial anatomy of Eryops megacephalus. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College 88: 405–464." title="The cranial anatomy of Eryops megacephalus." volume="88" year="1941">Sawin 1941</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +</td> +<td id="3634E8C7091482B0986CD083DEC90B5A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">14</td> +<td id="282E83851AFD4498828863D82F1985CA" colspan="1" rowspan="1">7. – 12.</td> +<td id="92141B33A0D2099AEC7A1E9F11AFA79F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">35–36</td> +<td id="24CE86BB5746B40BB06A7300E9EE8D9C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">4. – 7. / 8.</td> +<td id="A10788A70E1E9A334CF048CF76E39290" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Large, long-oval cross-section</td> +</tr> +<tr id="CEB1729FCDAEA199AEF57E595D4F216E"> +<td id="608CC9A67522C1AFBA1B7EA8E29C46F8" colspan="1" rowspan="1"> +<emphasis id="1C57E150BA7FFD6EDB5C69925E0896C2" bold="true"> +<taxonomicName id="C602D754902F9DC356E96404FF5903ED" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined"> +<emphasis id="BF86EFB66F468D0442CF48C9AA3391DF" bold="true" italics="true">Eryops</emphasis> +sp. +</taxonomicName> +- New Mexico +</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="B9F3A5CCC8A393742B06F94840F29F64" author="Werneburg" editor="Lucas SG & Schneider JW & Spielmann JA" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Werneburg" journalOrPublisher="New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin" pagination="129-135" refId="B41" refString="Werneburg R, Lucas S, Schneider JW, Rinehart LF (2010) First Pennsylvanian Eryops (Temnospondyli) and its Permian record from New Mexico. In: Lucas SG, Schneider JW, Spielmann JA (Eds) Carboniferous-Permian transition in Canõn del Cobre, northern New Mexico. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin 49: 129–135." title="First Pennsylvanian Eryops (Temnospondyli) and its Permian record from New Mexico." volume="49" volumeTitle="Carboniferous-Permian transition in Canõn del Cobre, northern New Mexico." year="2010">Werneburg et al. 2010</bibRefCitation> +: fig. 2) +</td> +<td id="7CB3C32BB9FE0DB38BFF4FE46EFF6E80" colspan="1" rowspan="1">11</td> +<td id="CD5A6099E1529452BA7C85F82943B713" colspan="1" rowspan="1">7. – 11.</td> +<td id="79D5AF4AF0972E187E3E2A75FC16DD7B" colspan="1" rowspan="1">34 lat. blades</td> +<td id="CBE5B144E5D2342C36B69534FBABE253" colspan="1" rowspan="1">le. 4. – 8., ri. 3. – 10.</td> +<td id="78D967B2CEEE794561EC5C93D543026B" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Large, long-oval cross-section</td> +</tr> +<tr id="06256C7902ECD0E4D022CB16D2C071B5"> +<td id="65439A1AC773C6D6FAA5E27316E7D52B" colspan="1" rowspan="1"> +? +<emphasis id="6D38CB858F001E9882C0EBB9A09811D0" bold="true"> +<taxonomicName id="F66CF21F707D8EBAAA64C94179F89351" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined"> +<emphasis id="AC8E9D3AA512FCE3B758FD54FFB99323" bold="true" italics="true">Eryops</emphasis> +sp. +</taxonomicName> +- MCZ 1914 +</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="BCE42FBEB6A96CBFC344E1CD7C7DEF20" author="Werneburg" firstAuthor="Werneburg" journalOrPublisher="Veröffentlichungen Naturhistorisches Museum Schleusingen" pagination="3-40" refId="B40" refString="Werneburg R (2007) Der “ Manebacher Saurier ” – ein neuer großer Eryopide (Onchiodon) aus dem Rotliegend (Unter-Perm) des Thüringer Waldes. Veröffentlichungen Naturhistorisches Museum Schleusingen 22: 3–40." title="Der “ Manebacher Saurier ” - ein neuer großer Eryopide (Onchiodon) aus dem Rotliegend (Unter-Perm) des Thüringer Waldes." volume="22" year="2007">Werneburg 2007</bibRefCitation> +: fig. 7 b) +</td> +<td id="ED8B93C5200CD5A8EE3845D1AF2D643A" colspan="1" rowspan="1"> +<emphasis id="F0CE63215BBE004B75CF1429C5D495B6" bold="true">14–15</emphasis> +</td> +<td id="659A7E70296268334516BD4F44D52760" colspan="1" rowspan="1">9. – 14.</td> +<td id="F51957792E56C63B523AC34F7B5750EC" colspan="1" rowspan="1">25–26</td> +<td id="7928BA6075024E43A31D509CD344040C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3. – 6.</td> +<td id="89EA57CE91C10D85CCE18E1E8F5D50B6" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Large, long-oval cross-section</td> +</tr> +<tr id="B3A62C02E4A5AB515AE71EE701A1F1C2"> +<td id="D3E04751DED98C49181703B88807148F" colspan="1" rowspan="1"> +<taxonomicName id="3CF9C1E195424D4F8633EB3201148A7E" authority="(Werneburg 2007)" baseAuthorityName="Werneburg" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Onchiodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thuringiensis"> +<emphasis id="2901CC417609DD11B0B2C76BE56CE4A4" bold="true" italics="true">Onchiodon thuringiensis</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="F6BE5FF79E65FA176BFFA7804DAFF726" author="Werneburg" firstAuthor="Werneburg" journalOrPublisher="Veröffentlichungen Naturhistorisches Museum Schleusingen" pagination="3-40" refId="B40" refString="Werneburg R (2007) Der “ Manebacher Saurier ” – ein neuer großer Eryopide (Onchiodon) aus dem Rotliegend (Unter-Perm) des Thüringer Waldes. Veröffentlichungen Naturhistorisches Museum Schleusingen 22: 3–40." title="Der “ Manebacher Saurier ” - ein neuer großer Eryopide (Onchiodon) aus dem Rotliegend (Unter-Perm) des Thüringer Waldes." volume="22" year="2007">Werneburg 2007</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +</td> +<td id="6919572C3C3871244E3CC5E2DEDE0513" colspan="1" rowspan="1">12–13</td> +<td id="3CE63C982EE8030B200C4201122EE0AA" colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td> +<td id="CA950E3334BC9F41709A0C1ED349DBE9" colspan="1" rowspan="1">? 30 – 40</td> +<td id="3F9A547E7452B53A64D63F13A98CE442" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5. – 9.</td> +<td id="192297CCD414D1AC12A20AF790522654" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Small, circular cross-section</td> +</tr> +<tr id="9DC11B8910160030FE3F3A35C8AE42F8"> +<td id="0CAB196D40611411A1CF9ED93DD72BC4" colspan="1" rowspan="1"> +<taxonomicName id="F4ABA38CE029BF6B414898692C8F2CC6" authority="(Boy 1990)" baseAuthorityName="Boy" baseAuthorityYear="1990" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Onchiodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="labyrinthicus"> +<emphasis id="41A79CD330F4995B2D3C70E7325D18D1" bold="true" italics="true">Onchiodon labyrinthicus</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="30FB9653E0337130CEAA6DE7FC6E6242" DOI="10.1007/BF02985720" author="Boy" firstAuthor="Boy" journalOrPublisher="Paläontologische Zeitschrift" pagination="287-312" refId="B1" refString="Boy JA (1990) Über einige Vertreter der Eryopoidea (Amphibia: Temnospondyli) aus dem europäischen Rotliegend (? höchstes Karbon-Perm). 3. Onchiodon. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 64: 287–312. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02985720" title="Über einige Vertreter der Eryopoidea (Amphibia: Temnospondyli) aus dem europäischen Rotliegend (? höchstes Karbon-Perm). 3. Onchiodon." volume="64" year="1990">Boy 1990</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +</td> +<td id="2F915B4DB36391F867DD406D5470CA22" colspan="1" rowspan="1">12</td> +<td id="D8179287C5A7BE40E6F2DD2EAA0CC1BA" colspan="1" rowspan="1">le. 6. – 11., ri. 8. – 12.</td> +<td id="C74F6522504B6E7B994A619594186BA1" colspan="1" rowspan="1"> +<emphasis id="CFFFE511D897188CFB00DA47F05AFB3F" bold="true">42–43</emphasis> +</td> +<td id="3DEEF2D44AE910A903D14F40C883A39A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">le. 3. – 5., ri. 2. – 3.</td> +<td id="EC878BFBF21320B81CA069A2767BA01D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Large, long-oval cross-section</td> +</tr> +<tr id="C85675201F157B473F57494FB33C1D93"> +<td id="399B1BE46D56D03E252782CBE793C283" colspan="1" rowspan="1"> +<taxonomicName id="F3DED702D2A813E463F6D6105022D187" authority="(Werneburg and Steyer 1999)" baseAuthorityName="Werneburg and Steyer" baseAuthorityYear="1999" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Actinodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="frossardi"> +<emphasis id="3967D3A1C15C66EBA6E9B176F4C2529C" bold="true" italics="true">Actinodon frossardi</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="9F5358AF93B9C47DC0280C975C4135A5" DOI="10.1016/S0016-6995(99)80009-6" author="Werneburg and Steyer" firstAuthor="Werneburg" issue="4" journalOrPublisher="Geobios" pagination="599-607" refId="B42" refString="Werneburg R, Steyer JS (1999) Redescription of the holotype of Actinodon frossardi (Amphibian, Temnospondyli) from the Lower Rotliegend of the Autun Basin (Lower Permian, France). Geobios 32 (4): 599–607. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-6995 (99) 80009-6" title="Redescription of the holotype of Actinodon frossardi (Amphibian, Temnospondyli) from the Lower Rotliegend of the Autun Basin (Lower Permian, France)." volume="32" year="1999">Werneburg and Steyer 1999</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +</td> +<td id="A4BF4C4B739B062C83CADD5CE5B8CEFB" colspan="1" rowspan="1">?</td> +<td id="8F517421204745ACEE761E1223BA4E59" colspan="1" rowspan="1">?</td> +<td id="26680C476954FE4D98523F40ABA477F1" colspan="1" rowspan="1">37</td> +<td id="5B59D57998E921F37F26FB40B2B0A8C6" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3. – 4.</td> +<td id="07DDA48EB965C02953910B37E8DF6A7B" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Small, circular cross-section</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="02B5888645AF40E31B18F5BCE3179F38"> +The maxilla has a slightly wider dorsal shelf than +<taxonomicName id="FC9A76A0C70733BDDB432FFC370DD253" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus"> +<emphasis id="D71B67C2E3EFDB168A76C1A5D06CF8C2" italics="true">C. nocturnus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and it is ventrally in contact with the quadratojugal. Its tooth arcade has only about 21 tooth loci in contrast to all other eryopids having 25–43 tooth loci. All maxillary teeth are much smaller than the largest premaxillary teeth but are similar in size to the smallest premaxillary teeth. The 3 +<superScript id="8CD2D30A9CAAA9C3D4C5FB99D957B034">rd</superScript> +posterior maxillary tooth is the largest one and causes a small lateral expansion of the skull margin, but this tooth is slightly smaller than the third tooth of the premaxilla. The maxillary teeth are mostly circular in cross-section with few exceptions on the right maxilla which possess a long-oval cross-section in labial-lingual direction. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="F07900F6F377929F566B19FA17153994"> +The circular to oval shaped naris is relatively small as in +<taxonomicName id="BE5531CD218BF93A20B76FEA71DA1D59" baseAuthorityName="Boy" baseAuthorityYear="1990" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Onchiodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="labyrinthicus"> +<emphasis id="512C01ED9E4256591FBC85A9748ABE4F" italics="true">O. labyrinthicus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, its length comprising 8 % of the midline length of the skull. The small septomaxilla is not sculptured (Fig. +<figureCitation id="0353D93572F669023BC5872E2D6C7540" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Clamorosaurus borealis Gubin, 1983, holotype PIN 3950 / 1 with skull roof in dorsal view (A, B), sphenethmoid in ventral view (C, D), and both stapes (E – K), from the Ufimian Intinskaya Svita (late Kungurian, Permian) of Inta (coal mine 9, Komi Republic, Russia). Abbreviations: f, frontal; fo. pq + fo. pqa, paraquadrate and accessory paraquadrate foramina of quadratojugal; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; md, mandible; n, nasal; p, parietal; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pp, postparietal; prf, prefrontal; pt, pterygoid; ptf, postfrontal; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; t, tabular." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208661">7 A, B</figureCitation> +) and lies ventrally directed inside the naris (shared with +<taxonomicName id="400AE7404FD0866CC15602C93B6F5F6A" baseAuthorityName="Warren" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="463327975BEE3E74CDBF25C35EA9AC3D" italics="true">Eryops</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="A17E13A38476C9127E329E4EEC0EACE9" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus"> +<emphasis id="766E429E6A71962BB88237CACD3824FB" italics="true">C. nocturnus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +). The posterior margin of the naris is clearly formed by the nasal, lacrimal and maxilla (Fig. +<figureCitation id="D52F2FD4B541BAEE8E78964269B146B7" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Clamorosaurus borealis Gubin, 1983, tentative reconstruction of the skull roof in dorsal view (A), and of the palate in ventral view (B). Abbreviations: bp, basal plate of parasphenoid; ch, choana; cp, cultriform process; ec, ectopterygoid; ept, epipterygoid; f, frontal; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; p, parietal; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pp, postparietal; prf, prefrontal; pt, pterygoid; ptf, postfrontal; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sm, septomaxilla; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; t, tabular; v, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208663">9 A</figureCitation> +). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="9F1EB88CBEBB8C19586444C7B13CD34D"> +The lacrimal is triangular with a wide posterior part (La +<subScript id="B1EF3F11B55DEC496F3B09BBD19645DE">w</subScript> +/ La +<subScript id="1F1474466FD078C13433237B83B27920">l</subScript> += 0.54). It is separated from the orbit by an elongated contact between jugal and prefrontal. The frontal is narrow like in most other eryopids and does not reach anteriorly to the level of the anterior ends of prefrontal and jugal. The jugal is wide (Ju +<subScript id="8A79699B03BCF9E7A34388BD7E43DC38">w</subScript> +/ S +<subScript id="388E8E44EF429FBBF2F03FAC4884D208">l</subScript> += 0.20) and proportionally only slightly narrower than in +<taxonomicName id="66BE17F1A93580C7B2EE06C19D21E5D9" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus"> +<emphasis id="35E5B07D9C2C76BB415D76D9F3A8C84C" italics="true">C. nocturnus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. Therefore, the width of the skull at its midlength is similarly large in both species of +<taxonomicName id="E806EB8175A12B6BB30CB34107B09FC1" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="F34FB4F426CD2376CDC8F401B46B8C2E" italics="true">Clamorosaurus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(mS +<subScript id="86DDF2EB356FEFA9ADEDFF0525E2393D">w</subScript> +/ S +<subScript id="F669BC8741E40447B260C839858FFFC5">l</subScript> += 0.98), comparable to +<taxonomicName id="1BE3A438018DD7B5C92B7004DF3DE26A" baseAuthorityName="Boy" baseAuthorityYear="1990" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Onchiodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="labyrinthicus"> +<emphasis id="C96CC3179C6237AE6212EE0C873ED4C6" italics="true">O. labyrinthicus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(mS +<subScript id="CBDE36CBD092359B912E42D3E74BF2AC">w</subScript> +/ S +<subScript id="D88E8AFD57AEBB515478C0F707D568FD">l</subScript> += 1.00). The postorbital is triangular in outline. The postfrontal and prefrontal clearly contact each other as in all eryopids. The prefrontal is anteriorly relatively narrow and extends further anterior than the frontal. The posteromedial part of the postfrontal is expanded. The supratemporal is much wider than long – a unique character in eryopids. The tiny parietals extend anterior to the level of the posterior orbital margin. Posteriorly, they do not reach the level of the posterior margin of the supratemporals. +<taxonomicName id="051D9EAA597AE95625B4F91EAAD002D2" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis"> +<emphasis id="F883C85ED76B7B827159F79FEBA0FBB9" italics="true">C. borealis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +bears a relatively short postparietal but an elongated tabular with a marked, slender tabular horn (Th +<subScript id="55D4E6CB530E6652F53B3BC337108154">l</subScript> +/ S +<subScript id="C8738188C91633699E3E59AA473B3652">l</subScript> += 0.09). The cheek is narrower (W +<subScript id="742C5859C8513B850C23F6FDAFEEB4AC">w</subScript> +/ S +<subScript id="BAC9E0CA1BD5AFC50F1EA5B35AF7EA88">l</subScript> += 0.26) than in +<taxonomicName id="6851C836D1EEB4BBD9C478B362FECB93" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus"> +<emphasis id="533C1ACF83C9BA427E19310582B948F1" italics="true">C. nocturnus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(Table +<tableCitation id="98C7A5CFE82DC7E68DC53BFEE33D469D" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Comparative measurements of adult eryopid skulls (largest and smallest values in bold; after Boy 1990; Werneburg 1997, 2007; Werneburg and Berman 2012; Werneburg et al. 2023, and the present study). Institutional abbreviations. — CM, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; CMNH, Cleveland Museum of Natural History, Cleveland, Ohio; FMNH, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois; MCZ, Museum of Comparative Zoology of the Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; MHNA, Museum of Natural History, Autun, France; MMG, Museum für Mineralogie und Geologie, Dresden, Germany; NHMMZ / LS, Natural History Museum Mainz / State Collection of Natural History of Rhineland – Palatinate, Germany; NHMS, Naturhistorisches Museum Schloss Bertholdsburg, Schleusingen, Germany; NMMNH, New Mexico Museum of Natural History, Albuquerque, New Mexico; PIN, Paleontological Institute, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; UGKU, Urweltmuseum GEOSKOP / Lichtenberg Castle near Kusel, Germany. For anatomical abbreviations, see Fig. 2." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/4C2805F73BC2AE5930F9CBC7944E27F4" tableUuid="4C2805F73BC2AE5930F9CBC7944E27F4">2</tableCitation> +). The squamosal and the quadratojugal are narrow. Similar to +<taxonomicName id="9B90FEADC6DE84DF448B085FA1EE741E" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus"> +<emphasis id="008E353966B6983E96C0BED775B3C3A5" italics="true">C. nocturnus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, the quadratojugal reaches far posterior so that the quadrate condyle occupies a position (Qc +<subScript id="DEDD7A637BE0939F55998E267D2ECC84">l</subScript> +/ S +<subScript id="9227687268E988D04BAB2A0CEA126C5C">l</subScript> += 0.22) similar to +<taxonomicName id="3020C445737987DE6BB8C81F708A8F5C" baseAuthorityName="Sawin" baseAuthorityYear="1941" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megacephalus"> +<emphasis id="85A407AC1C387980D80E4230E599376F" italics="true">E. megacephalus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="20CA8CEAAD85384D5E8CB1AA71841F84"> +The dorsal exposure of the quadrate consists of a narrow, short process that is directed anteromedially between the squamosal, quadratojugal and the quadrate ramus of the pterygoid. Similar to +<taxonomicName id="A108FE318A7045D37D984D9CE8CAD563" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus"> +<emphasis id="BB04479B2F7A47472B4795D802986824" italics="true">C. nocturnus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, a possible boss-like protuberance is developed at the ventral margin of the dorsal quadrate process (Fig. +<figureCitation id="605867D889DFDCEA376F6CB078A1910D" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Clamorosaurus borealis Gubin, 1983, holotype PIN 3950 / 1 with palate and mandibles in ventral view (A, B), and the quadrate condyle in medial view (C), from the Ufimian Intinskaya Svita (late Kungurian, Permian) of Inta (coal mine 9, Komi Republic, Russia). Abbreviations: bp, basal plate of parasphenoid; ch, choane; cp, cultriform process; d, dentary; ec, ectopterygoid; ept, epipterygoid; fo. pq + fo. pqa, paraquadrate and accessory paraquadrate foramina of quadratojugal; fo. q, foramen in quadrate; m, maxilla; md, mandible; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; t, tabular; v, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208662">8 C</figureCitation> +). Two quadratojugal foramina are detectable close together in posterior view – the paraquadrate foramen and the accessory paraquadrate foramen (Figs +<figureCitation id="A1A5E69D867525169A91180B1597DF09" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Clamorosaurus borealis Gubin, 1983, holotype PIN 3950 / 1 with skull roof in dorsal view (A, B), sphenethmoid in ventral view (C, D), and both stapes (E – K), from the Ufimian Intinskaya Svita (late Kungurian, Permian) of Inta (coal mine 9, Komi Republic, Russia). Abbreviations: f, frontal; fo. pq + fo. pqa, paraquadrate and accessory paraquadrate foramina of quadratojugal; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; md, mandible; n, nasal; p, parietal; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pp, postparietal; prf, prefrontal; pt, pterygoid; ptf, postfrontal; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; t, tabular." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208661">7 B</figureCitation> +, +<figureCitation id="4A45636B7B119235DF7D77063D6F5989" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Clamorosaurus borealis Gubin, 1983, holotype PIN 3950 / 1 with palate and mandibles in ventral view (A, B), and the quadrate condyle in medial view (C), from the Ufimian Intinskaya Svita (late Kungurian, Permian) of Inta (coal mine 9, Komi Republic, Russia). Abbreviations: bp, basal plate of parasphenoid; ch, choane; cp, cultriform process; d, dentary; ec, ectopterygoid; ept, epipterygoid; fo. pq + fo. pqa, paraquadrate and accessory paraquadrate foramina of quadratojugal; fo. q, foramen in quadrate; m, maxilla; md, mandible; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; t, tabular; v, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208662">8 C</figureCitation> +). Both foramina are rarely visible together in other eryopids. However, +<bibRefCitation id="4421F0402768CFCCAD42D8C4A3427A46" DOI="10.1002/ar.23373" author="Čerňanský A & Witzmann F & Klembara J & Van Heteren AH" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Cernansky" issue="8" journalOrPublisher="Anatomical Record" pagination="1073-1079" refId="B3" refString="Čerňanský A, Witzmann F, Klembara J, Van Heteren AH (2016) The quadratojugal of Eryops studied by computed tomography and the morphological variability of foramina and canals in the quadratojugal of basal tetrapods. Anatomical Record 299 (8): 1073–1079. https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.23373" title="The quadratojugal of Eryops studied by computed tomography and the morphological variability of foramina and canals in the quadratojugal of basal tetrapods." volume="299" year="2016">Cernansky et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation> +reported four internal foramina in the quadratojugal of +<taxonomicName id="02962AEFBFA8BA9215010587772C1A1C" baseAuthorityName="Warren" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="064F597C3BDA4B07992BBA81A72D603B" italics="true">Eryops</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, so that this feature complex is probably more variable than previously thought. Lateral line sulci are not present. +</paragraph> +<caption id="A824DD9111C1DD0DAFCE6752DCE38DA2" ID-DOI="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure8" ID-arpha="FB446AA9-E7BA-58E9-9EC8-7D87365524E2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208662" startId="F8"> +<paragraph id="ADBC6059C6AF4DD74A158C753EB14D04"> +<label id="751F7B4D79BB5073E313FA99ADA26EB9">Figure 8.</label> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="A929C3F68939ABCE236607176ADF8416"> +<taxonomicName id="64310C5F9D03E84C7CB2CC3157F07C04" authority="Gubin, 1983" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis"> +<emphasis id="469393EC5DD63D82DE1453D455380FEA" italics="true">Clamorosaurus borealis</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="B7DF10AE96F9A1183FD3E32ADB299F29" author="Gubin YM" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontologiceskij Zhurnal" pagination="110-115" refId="B6" refString="Gubin YM (1983) The first eryopids from the Permian of the East-European Platform. Palaeontologiceskij Zhurnal 1983: 110 - 115. [in Russian]" title="The first eryopids from the Permian of the East-European Platform." volume="1983" year="1983">Gubin, 1983</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +, holotype +<specimenCode id="3D6021020FBDECE952D5B2306ED479F3"> +<named-content id="FC5EC7A152F935BD9F19831AF7C9E3EE" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/paleontological-institute-russian-academy-sciences" xlink_title="Paleontological Institute, Academy of Sciences, Moscow">PIN</named-content> +3950/1 +</specimenCode> +with palate and mandibles in ventral view ( +<emphasis id="F4CFB4A4D19738B8651FEEE8EB67F8A3" bold="true">A, B</emphasis> +), and the quadrate condyle in medial view ( +<emphasis id="1735021E3D1DB30EDBC843943C48CAE2" bold="true">C</emphasis> +), from the Ufimian Intinskaya Svita (late Kungurian, Permian) of Inta (coal mine 9, Komi Republic, Russia). Abbreviations: bp, basal plate of parasphenoid; ch, choane; cp, cultriform process; d, dentary; ec, ectopterygoid; ept, epipterygoid; fo. pq + fo. pqa, paraquadrate and accessory paraquadrate foramina of quadratojugal; fo. q, foramen in quadrate; m, maxilla; md, mandible; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; t, tabular; v, vomer. +</paragraph> +</caption> +<paragraph id="D1AA250E98FC5410491666B145D9BF6F"> +<emphasis id="59E1742CA5D7CDF4B4C6DB2DF62CF0C9" bold="true"> +<emphasis id="EE80C36E5640934DE0EEC4DDD8F7F03C" bold="true" italics="true">Palate and braincase</emphasis> +. +</emphasis> +The palate is well preserved so that a reconstruction is possible (Fig. +<figureCitation id="079A1DBE393121CAB94B34FA17D48129" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Clamorosaurus borealis Gubin, 1983, tentative reconstruction of the skull roof in dorsal view (A), and of the palate in ventral view (B). Abbreviations: bp, basal plate of parasphenoid; ch, choana; cp, cultriform process; ec, ectopterygoid; ept, epipterygoid; f, frontal; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; p, parietal; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pp, postparietal; prf, prefrontal; pt, pterygoid; ptf, postfrontal; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sm, septomaxilla; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; t, tabular; v, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208663">9 B</figureCitation> +). Longitudinal ridges on the palatal bones and traces of the anterior palatal fossae on the anterior part of the vomers are not preserved. +</paragraph> +<caption id="CC35FB3F88C4061514155F311EB67A06" ID-DOI="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure9" ID-arpha="3FFA5703-1AD7-5C24-B1CB-2B210D95A15D" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208663" startId="F9"> +<paragraph id="B068138B1BE2BB7D4B837FF4E8248FE3"> +<label id="D39BC83C18FA62D5B19A7345FF9F28B3">Figure 9.</label> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="D03E0F4A6F30743D66F869C0386A051B"> +<taxonomicName id="3F0B918681A48593A58AD7B04339CE3B" authority="Gubin, 1983" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis"> +<emphasis id="9708F80EE943F60E4CA2528D15ADE6EE" italics="true">Clamorosaurus borealis</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="B8BB01153C8B23670F81C5614ACAE27A" author="Gubin YM" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontologiceskij Zhurnal" pagination="110-115" refId="B6" refString="Gubin YM (1983) The first eryopids from the Permian of the East-European Platform. Palaeontologiceskij Zhurnal 1983: 110 - 115. [in Russian]" title="The first eryopids from the Permian of the East-European Platform." volume="1983" year="1983">Gubin, 1983</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +, tentative reconstruction of the skull roof in dorsal view ( +<emphasis id="CA43ECF64B2FA538ECE698D51FFFC38C" bold="true">A</emphasis> +), and of the palate in ventral view ( +<emphasis id="420689900359F225792F61F2BFC8D5B0" bold="true">B</emphasis> +). Abbreviations: bp, basal plate of parasphenoid; ch, choana; cp, cultriform process; ec, ectopterygoid; ept, epipterygoid; f, frontal; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; p, parietal; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pp, postparietal; prf, prefrontal; pt, pterygoid; ptf, postfrontal; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sm, septomaxilla; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; t, tabular; v, vomer. +</paragraph> +</caption> +<paragraph id="5042BACA2C5F569DF2C735B0F1723EEA"> +The vomer is elongated and relatively narrow. The smallest width of both vomers (= interchoanal width ICw / S +<subScript id="E24E10087972FFD2D2DF467785B0A591">l</subScript> += 0.32) is wider than the smallest width between the narial openings (internarial width INw / S +<subScript id="86DFCF1000A5DEE9546C41C8D51D64C0">l</subScript> += 0.27). In +<taxonomicName id="F4079B34C4D15239B48753EB4B586CFF" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus"> +<emphasis id="B1F4DBBC1987EEF17E898C89D7FD3E1B" italics="true">C. nocturnus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +both ratios are smaller and equal (0.22). The suture between vomer and palatine is much shorter than in +<taxonomicName id="50F05365A94AE2036E5CF7E422B1B6FA" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus"> +<emphasis id="CA8CC41BFFA32B789A20886573E7EAC9" italics="true">C. nocturnus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. The palatine is relatively narrow and elongated, much longer than wide, like in +<taxonomicName id="CA1B2325383D624B15896BE04CCAE89E" authorityName="Gaudry" authorityYear="1867" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Actinodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="4E605C09C457F52E7F1F23594DEBD9E2" italics="true">Actinodon</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="B00D0BC4150A246B4466CCF5BD7C8FB4" authorityName="Konzhukova" authorityYear="1956" class="Amphibia" family="Intasuchidae" genus="Syndyodosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="86A575D4A9320B5D8F6884E640507077" italics="true">Syndyodosuchus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, but in contrast to the short and wide palatine in +<taxonomicName id="7F1CE45FD312EB73380B5AE8017284C7" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus"> +<emphasis id="5B7CB524FB45FAB5210190DB6436B279" italics="true">C. nocturnus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. The ectopterygoid is longer than wide and of almost equal length as the palatine. Its posteriormost part is narrower than the adjacent part of the pterygoid. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="64D3455375A5DC55DF7CB71B2E80EE00"> +The palatal dentition corresponds to that of +<taxonomicName id="823029AD7D3B332F19832125A6730F2D" authorityName="Konzhukova" authorityYear="1956" class="Amphibia" family="Intasuchidae" genus="Syndyodosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="196B31CA817315661DAC899499C65D55" italics="true">Syndyodosuchus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and differs in a few characters from that of +<taxonomicName id="56FC8031908164B93289ACD5042DD1BC" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus"> +<emphasis id="6D424372C99701135BA6AAF477FFA5EC" italics="true">C. nocturnus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. The palatine bears a larger fang anteriorly and a slightly smaller fang posteriorly. The large palatine fang is smaller than the largest teeth of the premaxilla. The ectopterygoid fangs are of nearly the same size as those from the palatine. The fangs on the vomer are of equal or smaller size than those on the ectopterygoid. One fang is located anteromedial to the anterior edge of the choanae on both vomers, at the same level next to the posteriormost premaxillary teeth. A further, somewhat smaller tooth locus with two fangs on both vomers is positioned medial to the choana at its mid-length. This fang pair is located on a prominent ridge which forms the posteromedial margin of the choana and almost reaches the anterior palatine fang. This second tooth locus on the vomer medial to the choana is only known from +<taxonomicName id="07A02C1DA58F47C995CB21D4FCF6B138" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus"> +<emphasis id="F34DC578CDB284FF165DBAD5CD4D5E5A" italics="true">C. nocturnus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="E83604C6E3B7EA7A2A71A04E88512F20" class="Amphibia" family="Intasuchidae" genus="Syndyodosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tetricus"> +<emphasis id="B7CE9DEAE6BE0A5A76C7620E214E7C14" italics="true">Syndyodosuchus tetricus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(however, as described in the present study, only with one fang in these species). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8156969CCEC91C7932E4B6F2CD48D056"> +The large choana is longer than wide and medially expanded; it is larger than the choana of +<taxonomicName id="4428C9821BB13501FA153DF4F61B3C9C" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus"> +<emphasis id="3073A7AFBEB5B3CF91DE0EA1A15F785F" italics="true">C. nocturnus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="C2FD6F664FACCCB8A994A5B3C2108330" class="Amphibia" family="Intasuchidae" genus="Syndyodosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tetricus"> +<emphasis id="6C53089E624F646984AC9B043BAD7310" italics="true">S. tetricus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="99ECADFAFCA31FB1A3F6D8F6BD8D7B2E"> +The anteriormost part of the palatinal ramus of the pterygoid is relatively broad and blunt. The transverse flange of the pterygoid is greatly expanded into a right-angled projection, which is more pronounced than in +<taxonomicName id="DA6F8120DE8CA0171CEAA5D963B17F6B" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus"> +<emphasis id="53BFB87D04E5149DA8BD918CD99EF95F" italics="true">C. nocturnus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +or +<taxonomicName id="94781FB1AFE36429C5040BE4790C0EB7" authorityName="Konzhukova" authorityYear="1956" class="Amphibia" family="Intasuchidae" genus="Syndyodosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="850EB7A016E35598EF542FD766A11A69" italics="true">Syndyodosuchus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, but similar to +<taxonomicName id="6F9343BC714179CD329C863CF273DAA8" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Onchiodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="28B6DCCFBE47504CB2B93BC96E550257" italics="true">Onchiodon</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="DEA16AFC37701F218C25794778D3789E" authorityName="Gaudry" authorityYear="1867" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Actinodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="D999B4E1061710D96DBD54C754DAF0EF" italics="true">Actinodon</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. The palatinal ramus and the elongated basipterygoid ramus are strongly curved, leading to the great width of the interpterygoid vacuities, also in their anterior part. The orbitae are not obscured by the pterygoids in ventral view. Among eryopids, these characters are shared only with +<taxonomicName id="EB26518332F98CC438B2A28AA1EE5CC6" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus"> +<emphasis id="8C9E239B78F2C53C7C7B40741C89BEE3" italics="true">C. nocturnus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(see above); additionally, the stereospondylomorph +<taxonomicName id="137A75719C9694CCD614670AF3C1A7F7" authorityName="Konzhukova" authorityYear="1953" class="Amphibia" family="Intasuchidae" genus="Intasuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="BF3E36A5544D8F4BE8B45F2E3B996966" italics="true">Intasuchus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<bibRefCitation id="0E474E94BC1DF45D26F0735A9A6B7C90" author="Konzhukova" firstAuthor="Konzhukova" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR" pagination="5-50" refId="B11" refString="Konzhukova ED (1956) The Intan Lower Permian fauna of the northern Ural region. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR 62: 5–50. [in Russian]" title="The Intan Lower Permian fauna of the northern Ural region." volume="62" year="1956">Konzhukova 1956</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="5B43FE08A3D304F294F634A1349FF616" DOI="10.37520/fi.2020.019" author="Werneburg" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Werneburg" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="Fossil Imprint" pagination="217-242" refId="B44" refString="Werneburg R, Štamberg S, Steyer J-S (2020) A new stereospondylomorph, Korkonterpeton kalnense gen. et sp. nov., from lower Permian of the Czech Krkonoše Piedmont Basin and a redescription of Intasuchus silvicola from the lower Permian of Russia (Temnospondyli, Amphibia). Fossil Imprint 76 (2): 217–242. https://doi.org/10.37520/fi.2020.019" title="A new stereospondylomorph, Korkonterpeton kalnense gen. et sp. nov., from lower Permian of the Czech Krkonoše Piedmont Basin and a redescription of Intasuchus silvicola from the lower Permian of Russia (Temnospondyli, Amphibia)." volume="76" year="2020">Werneburg et al. 2020</bibRefCitation> +) presents similar features except for the anteriorly widened interpterygoid vacuities. Polygonal bony plates that covered the interpterygoid vacuities are not preserved. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="74C2C6899DECEDF423E9DB0540BF971E"> +The large bony plate lying between the basipterygoid ramus of the pterygoid plus parasphenoid on one side and the skull roof on the other side is interpreted as footplate of the epipterygoid (Fig. +<figureCitation id="EA31C1014FF9C84233211B6C8565382B" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Clamorosaurus borealis Gubin, 1983, holotype PIN 3950 / 1 with palate and mandibles in ventral view (A, B), and the quadrate condyle in medial view (C), from the Ufimian Intinskaya Svita (late Kungurian, Permian) of Inta (coal mine 9, Komi Republic, Russia). Abbreviations: bp, basal plate of parasphenoid; ch, choane; cp, cultriform process; d, dentary; ec, ectopterygoid; ept, epipterygoid; fo. pq + fo. pqa, paraquadrate and accessory paraquadrate foramina of quadratojugal; fo. q, foramen in quadrate; m, maxilla; md, mandible; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; t, tabular; v, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208662">8 A, B</figureCitation> +). Remains of the ascending process are not preserved. A similar large footplate is known from +<taxonomicName id="29DD7882344BED42F9585C672F779AE1" baseAuthorityName="Warren" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6E7E91E943FFCF1510A40B1935FF77DE" italics="true">Eryops</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<bibRefCitation id="C0F665B6E0D51F21A60A8DD41FB977DB" author="Sawin" firstAuthor="Sawin" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College" pagination="405-464" refId="B24" refString="Sawin HJ (1941) The cranial anatomy of Eryops megacephalus. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College 88: 405–464." title="The cranial anatomy of Eryops megacephalus." volume="88" year="1941">Sawin 1941</bibRefCitation> +: pl. 9; +<bibRefCitation id="9A23289D816D9B92CF266EFA0C2D4BED" DOI="10.1017/jpa.2021.51" author="Schoch and Sobral" firstAuthor="Schoch" issue="6" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Paleontology" pagination="1308-1320" refId="B32" refString="Schoch RR, Sobral G (2021) A new species of Sclerocephalus with a fully ossified endocranium gives insight into braincase evolution in temnospondyls. Journal of Paleontology 95 (6): 1308–1320. https://doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2021.51" title="A new species of Sclerocephalus with a fully ossified endocranium gives insight into braincase evolution in temnospondyls." volume="95" year="2021">Schoch and Sobral 2021</bibRefCitation> +: fig. 6). +<taxonomicName id="999AA0FAE05F9ADD7FAE16D9355374D6" authorityName="Konzhukova" authorityYear="1956" class="Amphibia" family="Intasuchidae" genus="Syndyodosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="A05857EAADD651430C6D650EF13D2854" italics="true">Syndyodosuchus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +presents a similar large footplate (see description below and Fig. +<figureCitation id="A7D830B7C496A867688CA29F9E05A296" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Syndyodosuchus tetricus Konzhukova, 1956, holotype PIN 570 / 40 with palate in ventral view and premaxilla plus maxilla in lateral view (A, B), from the Ufimian Intinskaya Svita (late Kungurian, Permian) of Inta (coal mine at ‘ Greater Inta River’, Komi Republic, Russia). Abbreviations: aci, foramen for carotid artery; bp, basal plate of parasphenoid; ch, choane; cp, cultriform process; ec, ectopterygoid; ept, epipterygoid; pq, paraquadrate foramen of quadratojugal; j, jugal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; o, orbita; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; stp, stapes; v, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208665">11 A, B</figureCitation> +). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="AE0C56DD3D639E9838E51BA6ECE7C93E"> +The elongated transverse, rod-like basipterygoid process of the pterygoid overlapped the wide basipterygoid pocket of the parasphenoidal basal plate and might have formed a movable articulation (Figs +<figureCitation id="1C442EEF242C49D4E92435B052CDF6D8" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Clamorosaurus borealis Gubin, 1983, holotype PIN 3950 / 1 with palate and mandibles in ventral view (A, B), and the quadrate condyle in medial view (C), from the Ufimian Intinskaya Svita (late Kungurian, Permian) of Inta (coal mine 9, Komi Republic, Russia). Abbreviations: bp, basal plate of parasphenoid; ch, choane; cp, cultriform process; d, dentary; ec, ectopterygoid; ept, epipterygoid; fo. pq + fo. pqa, paraquadrate and accessory paraquadrate foramina of quadratojugal; fo. q, foramen in quadrate; m, maxilla; md, mandible; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; t, tabular; v, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208662">8 A, B</figureCitation> +, +<figureCitation id="3EDB06D4998BC318B02CDD4B6564D3DA" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Clamorosaurus borealis Gubin, 1983, tentative reconstruction of the skull roof in dorsal view (A), and of the palate in ventral view (B). Abbreviations: bp, basal plate of parasphenoid; ch, choana; cp, cultriform process; ec, ectopterygoid; ept, epipterygoid; f, frontal; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; p, parietal; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pp, postparietal; prf, prefrontal; pt, pterygoid; ptf, postfrontal; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sm, septomaxilla; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; t, tabular; v, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208663">9 B</figureCitation> +). The cultriform process of the parasphenoid is relatively narrow and much shorter than the vomer in contrast to all other eryopids. The sphenethmoid (Fig. +<figureCitation id="FCDFE22916DB41440F47E46850429EB2" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Clamorosaurus borealis Gubin, 1983, holotype PIN 3950 / 1 with skull roof in dorsal view (A, B), sphenethmoid in ventral view (C, D), and both stapes (E – K), from the Ufimian Intinskaya Svita (late Kungurian, Permian) of Inta (coal mine 9, Komi Republic, Russia). Abbreviations: f, frontal; fo. pq + fo. pqa, paraquadrate and accessory paraquadrate foramina of quadratojugal; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; md, mandible; n, nasal; p, parietal; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pp, postparietal; prf, prefrontal; pt, pterygoid; ptf, postfrontal; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; t, tabular." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208661">7 C, D</figureCitation> +) is clearly wider ( +<quantity id="66EC6FD15C5E54474CB36F98C27782DE" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity> +) than the cultriform process ( +<quantity id="51955156D205D6DF9023203449BA0960" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5–6 mm</quantity> +). Its posterior part was probably attached to the underside of the skull roof in the mid-part of the interorbital region. It bears a longitudinal ridge in ventral view. The basal plate of the parasphenoid has a relatively wide rectangular shape like in +<taxonomicName id="5F183CBD62E4339C28CFA5329415064F" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Onchiodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="40C869CFC2C07AC96AA7E6FA8A5451EE" italics="true">Onchiodon</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +but unlike +<taxonomicName id="B76E1789FDEEE9F54957018BACEC8BCE" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus"> +<emphasis id="7F70327C21D9F10327AE03DCE6D9465C" italics="true">C. nocturnus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="6AC12E73C778B11EA4659B20F22793A3" baseAuthorityName="Warren" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="447833EB00EEF2720BA0DC04ADE97775" italics="true">Eryops</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="796C4849A748D135277DACAC3EBC0506" authorityName="Konzhukova" authorityYear="1956" class="Amphibia" family="Intasuchidae" genus="Syndyodosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="DEEA6F495F1E1EAADDFAC355CDC1DB4E" italics="true">Syndyodosuchus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. Its ventral surface has curved furrows for the carotid artery below the basipterygoid pockets, but their foramina lie more anteromedially near the pockets. A large denticle field is developed between these furrows, which has a triangular shape like in +<taxonomicName id="F8583967CF0DAB5AAD25DB82F369124F" baseAuthorityName="Boy" baseAuthorityYear="1990" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Onchiodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="labyrinthicus"> +<emphasis id="69F282CD648A4F64EC1A16F9DBE844A8" italics="true">O. labyrinthicus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. Numerous denticles are present on the vomer and on the palatinal branch of the pterygoid. The articular condyle of the quadrate is bilobed and transversely expanded. The posteromedial part of the quadrate bears a foramen near a narrow boss-like process. The basioccipital and the exoccipitals are not preserved. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="2278816E866A5B184912F8D08CC8C07B"> +<emphasis id="C95211212BF286F16C2B5BE2FD7ACBE4" bold="true"> +<emphasis id="6AF0E377FF77C590D1E1EBBA6B990843" bold="true" italics="true">Visceral skeleton</emphasis> +. +</emphasis> +The stapes has a slender, elongated shaft without a quadrate process. It is proximally pierced by a stapedial foramen and has a wide footplate in which dorsal and ventral proximal heads can be well distinguished. In general morphology it is similar to +<taxonomicName id="005ED861598C65B4F72A93A274B1AEDA" authority="(Werneburg and Berman 2012)" baseAuthorityName="Werneburg and Berman" baseAuthorityYear="2012" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Glaukerpeton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="F8CC588761A8BBBE864F71D2C32CF01D" italics="true">Glaukerpeton</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="9E8A4CCE713F7EFCD3F1BF4F9B117F35" DOI="10.2992/007.081.0103" author="Werneburg and Berman" firstAuthor="Werneburg" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Carnegie Museum" pagination="45-72" refId="B43" refString="Werneburg R, Berman DS (2012) Revision of the aquatic eryopid temnospondyl Glaukerpeton avinoffi Romer, 1952, from the Upper Pennsylvanian of North America. Annals of Carnegie Museum 81 (1): 45–72. https://doi.org/10.2992/007.081.0103" title="Revision of the aquatic eryopid temnospondyl Glaukerpeton avinoffi Romer, 1952, from the Upper Pennsylvanian of North America." volume="81" year="2012">Werneburg and Berman 2012</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="76100112C910AC5422F5B5E7381BE36E" authority="(Sawin 1941)" baseAuthorityName="Sawin" baseAuthorityYear="1941" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megacephalus"> +<emphasis id="9199132494D10704EFD02AE786EF9C9B" italics="true">E. megacephalus</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="AE922D1E1A810AA03309FD9AFC67EDF8" author="Sawin" firstAuthor="Sawin" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College" pagination="405-464" refId="B24" refString="Sawin HJ (1941) The cranial anatomy of Eryops megacephalus. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College 88: 405–464." title="The cranial anatomy of Eryops megacephalus." volume="88" year="1941">Sawin 1941</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +, but much slenderer than in +<taxonomicName id="128B07B6CA54AFBF2E713D9F03B7BC9B" authority="(Werneburg 2007)" baseAuthorityName="Werneburg" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Onchiodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thuringiensis"> +<emphasis id="481287F37DC74B01EBA3F7A4320D73A2" italics="true">O. thuringiensis</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="593F724D6180584960FB62A762191FBC" author="Werneburg" firstAuthor="Werneburg" journalOrPublisher="Veröffentlichungen Naturhistorisches Museum Schleusingen" pagination="3-40" refId="B40" refString="Werneburg R (2007) Der “ Manebacher Saurier ” – ein neuer großer Eryopide (Onchiodon) aus dem Rotliegend (Unter-Perm) des Thüringer Waldes. Veröffentlichungen Naturhistorisches Museum Schleusingen 22: 3–40." title="Der “ Manebacher Saurier ” - ein neuer großer Eryopide (Onchiodon) aus dem Rotliegend (Unter-Perm) des Thüringer Waldes." volume="22" year="2007">Werneburg 2007</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="741032D0C2FA4B69ADA6E586D18A5CEC">The mandible is only partly preserved without details. No bones of the postcranial skeleton are available.</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/83/28/7D/83287D7DBCCF59C0ADAA226C43DE935F.xml b/data/83/28/7D/83287D7DBCCF59C0ADAA226C43DE935F.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d8b7a6bcdf8 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/83/28/7D/83287D7DBCCF59C0ADAA226C43DE935F.xml @@ -0,0 +1,865 @@ +<document id="D276FC683BC2444C0194EC5E9234DFEA" ID-DOI="10.3897/fr.27.e125460" ID-ZooBank="09729723-9CEC-4FBF-B0B1-FB8103534379" ID-publisher-id="125460" URI-arpha="2CB3E290-131D-5E15-A8A9-D678E2CCA8EC" URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/09729723-9CEC-4FBF-B0B1-FB8103534379" XM.bibliography_approvedBy="admin" XM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" XM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" XM.treatments_approvedBy="admin" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1735585647096" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Werneburg, Ralf & Witzmann, Florian" docDate="2024" docId="83287D7DBCCF59C0ADAA226C43DE935F" 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id="7B33947356E39E33ACCBE40F60AC93F8" authority="Konzhukova, 1956" authorityName="Konzhukova" authorityYear="1956" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Syndyodosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tetricus"> +<emphasis id="C10280E2312D8FB3348154209D0553A0" italics="true">Syndyodosuchus tetricus</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="BB38A860EA96B6B27E2DC37A3D6FE77B" author="Konzhukova ED" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR" pagination="5-50" refId="B11" refString="Konzhukova ED (1956) The Intan Lower Permian fauna of the northern Ural region. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR 62: 5 - 50. [in Russian]" title="The Intan Lower Permian fauna of the northern Ural region." volume="62" year="1956">Konzhukova, 1956</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="D5FE78E138A30174C6931333E885DF62" type="description"> +<paragraph id="E912C582B08A39F1A8C061C315F03AE1"> +<figureCitation id="EC0BFEA1392BCD495176A8E389E237ED" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Syndyodosuchus tetricus Konzhukova, 1956, holotype PIN 570 / 40 with skull roof in dorsal view (A, B), from the Ufimian Intinskaya Svita (late Kungurian, Permian) of Inta (coal mine at ‘ Greater Inta River’, Komi Republic, Russia). Abbreviations: f, frontal; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; ol, occipital lamella; p, parietal; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pp, postparietal; prf, prefrontal; ptf, postfrontal; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; t, tabular." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208664">Figs 10</figureCitation> +, +<figureCitation id="1C2B6358D4CBB85BD23229D047CB0B73" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Syndyodosuchus tetricus Konzhukova, 1956, holotype PIN 570 / 40 with palate in ventral view and premaxilla plus maxilla in lateral view (A, B), from the Ufimian Intinskaya Svita (late Kungurian, Permian) of Inta (coal mine at ‘ Greater Inta River’, Komi Republic, Russia). Abbreviations: aci, foramen for carotid artery; bp, basal plate of parasphenoid; ch, choane; cp, cultriform process; ec, ectopterygoid; ept, epipterygoid; pq, paraquadrate foramen of quadratojugal; j, jugal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; o, orbita; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; stp, stapes; v, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208665">11</figureCitation> +, +<figureCitation id="92AA30B3F5E041C2D7F9A9386394FB8A" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Syndyodosuchus tetricus Konzhukova, 1956, further specimens, a right-anterior part of a skull with choana (PIN 570 / 6) in ventral view (A, B), and dorsolateral view (C), and an anterior dentary with symphyseal tusk in labial view (D) and lingual view (E), from the Ufimian Intinskaya Svita (late Kungurian, Permian) of Inta (coal mine at ‘ Greater Inta River’, Komi Republic, Russia) (PIN 570 / 41). Abbreviations: ch, choana; m, maxilla; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; v, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208666">12</figureCitation> +, +<figureCitation id="9944EB85063E35574DEADC0D25ACD3BE" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Syndyodosuchus tetricus Konzhukova, 1956, tentative reconstruction of the skull roof in dorsal view (A), and of the palate in ventral view (B). Abbreviations: aci, foramen for carotid artery; bp, basal plate of parasphenoid; ch, choane; cp, cultriform process; ec, ectopterygoid; ept, epipterygoid; f, frontal; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; p, parietal; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pp, postparietal; prf, prefrontal; pt, pterygoid; ptf, postfrontal; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sm, septomaxilla; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; t, tabular; v, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208667">13</figureCitation> +, +<figureCitation id="CEB315E79FA8819EF496CECC617CD4EF" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Comparison of the revised Russian eryopid skulls in dorsal and palatal view, Clamorosaurus nocturnus (A, B), Clamorosaurus borealis (C, D), Syndyodosuchus tetricus (E, F). Abbreviations: aci, foramen for carotid artery; bp, basal plate of parasphenoid; ch, choane; cp, cultriform process; ec, ectopterygoid; ept, epipterygoid; f, frontal; faci, furrows for carotid artery; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; p, parietal; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pp, postparietal; prf, prefrontal; pt, pterygoid; ptf, postfrontal; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sm, septomaxilla; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; t, tabular; v, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208668">14 E, F</figureCitation> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="SECID0EJKCI" type="Holotype"> +<paragraph id="D82D1FB23C39C9E4AEF8D945F8D26F49"> +<heading id="47C9A4F0C5000D51FE1F6AEBCB9D6807" reason="title"> +<typeStatus id="9AACA7E55C20A5B59C0B67E4F160DF4E" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus> +. +</heading> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="A36E2D1B5CA5A7B7613E3D87C399DFCA"> +<materialsCitation id="28CFFFFB26F2538CF771B6CACAF433EB" collectionCode="PIN" specimenCode="PIN 570/40" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype"> +<specimenCode id="56F547BA2F93EE2DD9187CE1010C2643" collectionCode="PIN" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kjjc-ziy5" name="Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences" type=""> +<named-content id="54F510409879EF8BF469DF66F040A08B" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/paleontological-institute-russian-academy-sciences" xlink_title="Paleontological Institute, Academy of Sciences, Moscow">PIN</named-content> +570/40 +</specimenCode> +, consisting of the skull in dorsal and palatal view (skull length +<quantity id="85C074A2CFDAA78F345A24AE4F28EF35" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6199999999999999" unit="cm" value="16.2">16.2 cm</quantity> +). +</materialsCitation> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="SECID0ETKCI" type="material"> +<paragraph id="B0B48E2B2C34B7D5B3B9C7A61D0E216B"> +<heading id="B306A45F7D235E3CAD7F9CF8E796C3AA" reason="title">Other material from different individuals.</heading> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="4BB597F9347518697D0521A978378FA0"> +<specimenCode id="C58FBF2A91217C5D0792729D2BDA18CB"> +<named-content id="35D4DD1F9568B29904CA4BA92C85180C" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/paleontological-institute-russian-academy-sciences" xlink_title="Paleontological Institute, Academy of Sciences, Moscow"> +<collectionCode id="FADE9A1280DD8BEDD2572A6BF08533C1" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kjjc-ziy5" name="Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences" type="">PIN</collectionCode> +</named-content> +570/6 +</specimenCode> +, consisting of a right anterolateral skull edge; +<specimenCode id="C6A2839123534FB77068309BCEC6A406"> +<named-content id="AD881F97B772AD18693AD383C853C31A" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/paleontological-institute-russian-academy-sciences" xlink_title="Paleontological Institute, Academy of Sciences, Moscow"> +<collectionCode id="0FAC8D1E4577C0E6A9347477CC6B2F87" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kjjc-ziy5" name="Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences" type="">PIN</collectionCode> +</named-content> +570/41 +</specimenCode> +, consisting of a right anterior dentary; +<specimenCode id="739B3E19BE10007756912D810B9EEF73"> +<named-content id="E486B36409AC4DFDEC10844D8D1CF63A" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/paleontological-institute-russian-academy-sciences" xlink_title="Paleontological Institute, Academy of Sciences, Moscow"> +<collectionCode id="7CE45E0FF33DBCA31102D29AA09C3BDC" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kjjc-ziy5" name="Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences" type="">PIN</collectionCode> +</named-content> +570/2 +</specimenCode> +, consisting of a poorly preserved skull of about +<quantity id="53425E0AD161DBE52AE290CE46958F76" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" unit="cm" value="17.0">17 cm</quantity> +length; +<specimenCode id="402EA6085F0C9D7461034F2131865EAB"> +<named-content id="0962F71B6D6B6C191EB254A59C095B8D" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/paleontological-institute-russian-academy-sciences" xlink_title="Paleontological Institute, Academy of Sciences, Moscow"> +<collectionCode id="BB51A552CD859CEB59A5499EDD548D20" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kjjc-ziy5" name="Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences" type="">PIN</collectionCode> +</named-content> +570/3 +</specimenCode> +, consisting of an indeterminable bone. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="SECID0EJLCI" type="Occurrence"> +<paragraph id="4AFE1D743710DAD70F25FEDDEE429CC4"> +<heading id="4250BBC6C6EBEEA48FFB44FA77D53B46" reason="title">Occurrence.</heading> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="C58DF37A1B0F840859C5D77AF98DEDBB"> +The material of +<taxonomicName id="5BD362B6C4FC9740FB1570CAD00A0B19" authorityName="Konzhukova" authorityYear="1956" class="Amphibia" family="Intasuchidae" genus="Syndyodosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="1B3BDB7A9AC24E65552986FFFD4B4352" italics="true">Syndyodosuchus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +was found together with that of +<taxonomicName id="924DF05C3F81CE71C99AED46171E5CA6" authorityName="Konzhukova" authorityYear="1953" class="Amphibia" family="Intasuchidae" genus="Intasuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="28BAAF17C527293748783AE03D519A70" italics="true">Intasuchus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +near the ‘ Greater Inta River’ in about +<quantity id="CEA42684A5C48FD1D3004909373A8AE2" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity> +depth in coal beds of a mine from the Ufimian Intinskaya Svita, late Kungurian (Cisuralian, Permian). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="SECID0E4LCI" type="diagnosis"> +<paragraph id="1C13CC4CB288FC84ECC78372B56FA8D3"> +<heading id="9811DAAD899F6BE7EC185301E477A27D" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="05AEF81017FBFD91479CFD7045CB5011"> +Autapomorphies: (1) Tabular tiny in length and width; (2) Internarial width is very large (INw / Sl = 0.32); (3) Postorbital very narrow (Po +<subScript id="7C3F4DE40A5C04DD12E9B1ABA041E696">w</subScript> +/ Po +<subScript id="24FB7A1DE74C37FF3F74B3AE03D1BEC7">l</subScript> += 0.54). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="4C53EFF685732ACA051E6F9550CF7C1B"> +Synapomorphies with some of the eryopids: (1) Density of sculpture pattern quantified as the number of pits per in +<superScript id="8BE7CC6B10B36AFAB45FB0E00BC4FEB8">2</superScript> +on frontal plus jugal ranges between 4.69 and 5.00, shared with +<taxonomicName id="025858811EB1EE823DCF9220169CF704" baseAuthorityName="Werneburg and Berman" baseAuthorityYear="2012" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Glaukerpeton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="67DEFF8BB65554204DB82B8DD3E2ED65" italics="true">Glaukerpeton</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="E4CBE0D99677B9454205310A28524705" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="1CBAC82B46E966E115474E90F039EB15" italics="true">Clamorosaurus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, but differs from all other eryopids; (2) Lateral margin of skull roof is slightly concave to straight; (3) Both premaxillae form a relatively straight snout, like in +<taxonomicName id="06529BC0D329F9A6968059698E0E0447" baseAuthorityName="Sawin" baseAuthorityYear="1941" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megacephalus"> +<emphasis id="7633E39668D62110248F1D9D2984B693" italics="true">E. megacephalus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; (4) Snout margin is laterally constricted slightly below the level of naris; (5) Premaxilla with elongated and relatively wide alary process, shared with +<taxonomicName id="FA7B7F6CFD689C6BA1D44EC9279364B4" baseAuthorityName="Boy" baseAuthorityYear="1990" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Onchiodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="labyrinthicus"> +<emphasis id="14FE3EBD3BC2CA55DDEA57383A8BE0DD" italics="true">O. labyrinthicus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; (6) Elongated interpremaxillary suture, shared with +<taxonomicName id="4705B1997CEEF8B431B062C516E3A714" baseAuthorityName="Sawin" baseAuthorityYear="1941" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megacephalus"> +<emphasis id="0766829521B62EF82BEA12B4C9CA0481" italics="true">E. megacephalus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; (7) Premaxillary, maxillary and dentary teeth are heterodont with a circular cross-section, in contrast to +<taxonomicName id="7EA1C0BB686EAE3E3D13D05C53177852" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis"> +<emphasis id="7158645AB18F9D1F5625048F962DC73B" italics="true">C. borealis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="AE4D7B09C3B4FEDC56DE57CA643DF298" baseAuthorityName="Boy" baseAuthorityYear="1990" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Onchiodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="labyrinthicus"> +<emphasis id="E1236A2FE155AFE31C47AE0B5D932134" italics="true">O. labyrinthicus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="B595753B2AFE762CF268729B8C37A5B6" baseAuthorityName="Warren" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="570454A13CE6428283214DDBD8912351" italics="true">Eryops</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, but shared with +<taxonomicName id="68210042AC33B10AA090146FB87CD7B1" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus"> +<emphasis id="E1CA5BFE043F5A12AA492CEFF0E31BD5" italics="true">C. nocturnus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and others; (8) In the premaxilla, teeth number nine and ten are the largest teeth, in contrast to +<taxonomicName id="6678318E93F41FF85B4080C76AC88B98" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis"> +<emphasis id="11C575179DAA161F0D31ABB6E04DCC94" italics="true">C. borealis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; (9) In the maxilla, teeth number six to ten are the largest teeth, in contrast to +<taxonomicName id="6D960B873B32DAC6FBC7871B627BEFB3" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis"> +<emphasis id="9B401CD836221A68660B4AF1A7323BA4" italics="true">C. borealis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and other eryopids; (10) Lacrimal is very narrow and long, three times longer than wide, only similar in +<taxonomicName id="E1030980B9CFF3F813D173D3FAA54829" authorityName="Gaudry" authorityYear="1867" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Actinodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="53A8CBFC6BBAF1C5545D811274EB5549" italics="true">Actinodon</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; (11) Different internarial and interorbital width, in contrast to +<taxonomicName id="84553129CA92298B69F21DF4E4A48E11" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus"> +<emphasis id="1D3606DD8D4E08C5A9AB041B142C9537" italics="true">C. nocturnus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; (12) Small orbitae, similar in +<taxonomicName id="27215DF99A05B2F2511182205168A921" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis"> +<emphasis id="672342FD8B4E699204E6CFD173DF7839" italics="true">C. borealis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; (13) Very short contact between jugal and prefrontal, shared with +<taxonomicName id="4DFF3467FC059A031F269D8E4C1D61D6" baseAuthorityName="Boy" baseAuthorityYear="1990" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Onchiodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="labyrinthicus"> +<emphasis id="E70A276B87F5453FF27362C16F997CAE" italics="true">O. labyrinthicus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; (14) No interfrontal, in contrast to +<taxonomicName id="2D6A1C37176E31ED6EC85C1A35D4F50B" baseAuthorityName="Warren" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="D7671BDDC3423C4BCAC8890A799BFF29" italics="true">Eryops</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="3FC7E09A98DD46192AF0CD653AE1DDE5" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Osteophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="846DA1260E7A5BC577BE8AF6777A2993" italics="true">Osteophorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; (15) Supratemporal much longer than wide, shared with +<taxonomicName id="0E9DFEDA4360D6A6610463F4E88FD915" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Onchiodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="85D734CBBA8B4CCF00102B80F0DDAFB2" italics="true">Onchiodon</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="A8C47411C7EA77A175B74983EADDAEF7" baseAuthorityName="Werneburg and Berman" baseAuthorityYear="2012" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Glaukerpeton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="2CC84C7B1BDBF12DB9959FFBE34BF5B4" italics="true">Glaukerpeton</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="52F1BE5A230B07684EA9A94BB931483C" authorityName="Gaudry" authorityYear="1867" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Actinodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="EF2CC39F226BBC2FDFCEAC342D498B07" italics="true">Actinodon</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; (16) No lateral line sulci, in contrast to +<taxonomicName id="0D4504E74AE4DC928E89150C1D50BA8E" baseAuthorityName="Werneburg and Berman" baseAuthorityYear="2012" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Glaukerpeton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="5BE1E99F9C948338D6E5FE489A784F74" italics="true">Glaukerpeton</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="9E0C12E73C66D27373622040BA2C95EA" authorityName="Gaudry" authorityYear="1867" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Actinodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="87D637C1F0891BEAE3413F52D3757F35" italics="true">Actinodon</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; (17) Occipital margin of skull roof is well concave, shared with +<taxonomicName id="70E8E07EE6758FDB2ED4099430B8E6D8" baseAuthorityName="Werneburg and Berman" baseAuthorityYear="2012" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Glaukerpeton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="4C96219D33AE154621C3CBDBB0E4A8B8" italics="true">Glaukerpeton</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="86CA6932DDF6CFE6C17269313932A1B0" baseAuthorityName="Boy" baseAuthorityYear="1990" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Onchiodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="labyrinthicus"> +<emphasis id="75D5575172E3D280A25B58F66E93DFCE" italics="true">O. labyrinthicus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="B67E0FEE7618E7477631C7C4B1DB4AA4" baseAuthorityName="Sawin" baseAuthorityYear="1941" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megacephalus"> +<emphasis id="DD041B7850F31B19ED8257AA21AD2BD7" italics="true">E. megacephalus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; (18) Elongated and relatively wide palatine, much longer than wide, shared with +<taxonomicName id="9520FB80DAFC9C857AF1F5B8DF18400C" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis"> +<emphasis id="63F6DE38C1FC6D6A548A773061E4186B" italics="true">C. borealis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="AC411E103234C2566C2B59AF15D69410" authorityName="Gaudry" authorityYear="1867" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Actinodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="2AF33FA5BEFE30E124E7700ADD88CC61" italics="true">Actinodon</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, but in contrast to +<taxonomicName id="601CFD7744DF9ECEF056EB6D04C07752" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus"> +<emphasis id="27D8D95EF8AEF6D8DDEFA73E95669A5D" italics="true">C. nocturnus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; (19) Ectopterygoid and palatine of about equal length; (20) Palatinal ramus of pterygoid relatively narrow with poorly developed transverse flange, like in +<taxonomicName id="4446E9BE30116BC41ECF12BF6CFD2FB5" baseAuthorityName="Werneburg and Berman" baseAuthorityYear="2012" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Glaukerpeton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="7C12B6B553B4EF9E3B5E52E853CC52CC" italics="true">Glaukerpeton</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; (21) Short basipterygoid process of pterygoid; (22) Narrow interpterygoid vacuities, in contrast to +<taxonomicName id="BDBFD0B7E639F24C93B4BAE6CB4A6988" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="BC7370A65AFD707A6E02B569943762A7" italics="true">Clamorosaurus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; (23) Orbitae are partly covered by pterygoids in ventral view, in contrast to +<taxonomicName id="5BA2EBAB944A5EDAD0A320BEBBF4235A" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="40FAEE71CD06B08C18397B87CCE779C1" italics="true">Clamorosaurus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; (24) Cultriform process of the parasphenoid is longer than the vomer, in contrast to +<taxonomicName id="F698FE77688EBD13F13C0E8C96F89456" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis"> +<emphasis id="C9CD8F66D9C89517F255712D41997533" italics="true">C. borealis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; (25) Narrow basal plate of parasphenoid, shared with +<taxonomicName id="1B36D019C270CC70E480E0F49C0584E9" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus"> +<emphasis id="64A203D404577CD2CEEBC0F48A48ADFD" italics="true">C. nocturnus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="73F05246F87E14CD8917A34EDC71D910" baseAuthorityName="Sawin" baseAuthorityYear="1941" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megacephalus"> +<emphasis id="2B6581BF201BFE0F79A8B0E6377097F7" italics="true">E. megacephalus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; (26) Basal plate with foramina for carotid artery in ventral view; (27) Vomer with additional fang medial to the choana, shared with +<taxonomicName id="C0CDD719AC138641AE50DC24F83ADCB0" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="C2B614C68D4EC0D442FD437ADF6409DF" italics="true">Clamorosaurus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="SECID0EIWCI" type="description"> +<paragraph id="A5365080F516E10EF385AF1EBDE18C2D"> +<heading id="5B316368B3691FDF38A49E3B6F6E4DA2" reason="title">Comparative description.</heading> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="3387E8C179938B5AC70D057BC1B8E8FC"> +One skull with a median length of +<quantity id="33CD6BFC704784B9945A8C165E6F9C6D" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" unit="cm" value="16.0">16 cm</quantity> +preserves the skull roof in dorsal and the palate in ventral view ( +<specimenCode id="B8614C220A2F8E56EB6079B0FE2932F5"> +<named-content id="7A5BC407E0F0C2BDE57AD8E3C83EDEB9" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/paleontological-institute-russian-academy-sciences" xlink_title="Paleontological Institute, Academy of Sciences, Moscow"> +<collectionCode id="552AA5F2CCD0759325120A6C221AE616" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kjjc-ziy5" name="Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences" type="">PIN</collectionCode> +</named-content> +570/40 +</specimenCode> +). Two right dentaries from additional individuals of the same species with heterodont dentition complete the description (Fig. +<figureCitation id="36C98EB79B2A590EA76D8575D0A17B5F" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Syndyodosuchus tetricus Konzhukova, 1956, further specimens, a right-anterior part of a skull with choana (PIN 570 / 6) in ventral view (A, B), and dorsolateral view (C), and an anterior dentary with symphyseal tusk in labial view (D) and lingual view (E), from the Ufimian Intinskaya Svita (late Kungurian, Permian) of Inta (coal mine at ‘ Greater Inta River’, Komi Republic, Russia) (PIN 570 / 41). Abbreviations: ch, choana; m, maxilla; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; v, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208666">12</figureCitation> +; +<specimenCode id="4B7E5F5CF62B8D4742E62A8B19E4A0C6"> +<named-content id="30F59C62C0ABD09D1E6278AFF69274D1" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/paleontological-institute-russian-academy-sciences" xlink_title="Paleontological Institute, Academy of Sciences, Moscow"> +<collectionCode id="73CE94A8DB5480C78505FFB58603E037" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kjjc-ziy5" name="Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences" type="">PIN</collectionCode> +</named-content> +570/6 +</specimenCode> +and +<specimenCode id="43F2662551B44DF3B6200EC03C32A7F2"> +<named-content id="8F8864351DD66BD377F064657F0F59DB" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/paleontological-institute-russian-academy-sciences" xlink_title="Paleontological Institute, Academy of Sciences, Moscow"> +<collectionCode id="56006E7A3E8E1FF756E361E1B49978AA" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kjjc-ziy5" name="Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences" type="">PIN</collectionCode> +</named-content> +570/41 +</specimenCode> +). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5739806F55216FFB123AB235642BF587"> +<emphasis id="458D4F4E38863A055A6932B7B3AAFCBD" bold="true"> +<emphasis id="92FE687820629FC75F9C0C30E54AC88E" bold="true" italics="true">General skull morphology</emphasis> +. +</emphasis> +The dermal sculpture of the skull roof corresponds to the fine sculpture pattern known from certain eryopids such as +<taxonomicName id="F6091E8B66B673C597233C1D5CC7F565" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6C92672ED2800511ED2A58D1FACB19A4" italics="true">Clamorosaurus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="E0EE9BA2737D8654181FAAD31485BF73" authorityName="Konzhukova" authorityYear="1956" class="Amphibia" family="Intasuchidae" genus="Syndyodosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6E653F7AC20501A6E97CDC1D3DE1F8DC" italics="true">Syndyodosuchus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="2492B2081B5BBEE2A258A9DEE598ECF8" authority="(Werneburg and Berman 2012)" baseAuthorityName="Werneburg and Berman" baseAuthorityYear="2012" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Glaukerpeton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B23C9D824381646DFBF47EAB3D9F0842" italics="true">Glaukerpeton</emphasis> +( +<bibRefCitation id="514F127FF5E016D0D8F97D8CC64EF785" DOI="10.2992/007.081.0103" author="Werneburg and Berman" firstAuthor="Werneburg" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Carnegie Museum" pagination="45-72" refId="B43" refString="Werneburg R, Berman DS (2012) Revision of the aquatic eryopid temnospondyl Glaukerpeton avinoffi Romer, 1952, from the Upper Pennsylvanian of North America. Annals of Carnegie Museum 81 (1): 45–72. https://doi.org/10.2992/007.081.0103" title="Revision of the aquatic eryopid temnospondyl Glaukerpeton avinoffi Romer, 1952, from the Upper Pennsylvanian of North America." volume="81" year="2012">Werneburg and Berman 2012</bibRefCitation> +) +</taxonomicName> +(Table +<tableCitation id="B1F891E74BE5D2728E849AD3F2B3B136" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Ranges of density counts of dermal sculpture pits (p) and valleys per in 2 (6.452 cm 2) of frontal and jugal in relation to the skull length (S l in cm) given separately and combined for eryopids and grouped by genus, species, and maturity (Werneburg and Berman 2012; Werneburg et al. 2023)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/16816ABE791A2A67C12BD40F633C60A1" tableUuid="16816ABE791A2A67C12BD40F633C60A1">1</tableCitation> +). It consists of a reticulated pattern of small pits and valleys separated by narrow ridges on nearly all skull roofing bones (Fig. +<figureCitation id="0A95C15D7E109B66AC31E3F1207E75DC" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Syndyodosuchus tetricus Konzhukova, 1956, holotype PIN 570 / 40 with skull roof in dorsal view (A, B), from the Ufimian Intinskaya Svita (late Kungurian, Permian) of Inta (coal mine at ‘ Greater Inta River’, Komi Republic, Russia). Abbreviations: f, frontal; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; ol, occipital lamella; p, parietal; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pp, postparietal; prf, prefrontal; ptf, postfrontal; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; t, tabular." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208664">10 A, B</figureCitation> +). The density of the sculpture pattern is quantified as the number of pits per in +<superScript id="F2B7C7AC8C7A671C79858FF6A9149A77">2</superScript> +( +<quantity id="05A0D6BD976120A60373722F9202E8EA" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.452" unit="cm" value="6.452">6.452 cm</quantity> +<superScript id="565C47B2DE7BE924331D92AA982F4A35">2</superScript> +) on the frontal and jugal, and as a proportion of those counts to skull length. These intraspecific indices range between both elements of +<taxonomicName id="67ECE8646F109F469953765E7B16113E" authorityName="Konzhukova" authorityYear="1956" class="Amphibia" family="Intasuchidae" genus="Syndyodosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tetricus"> +<emphasis id="A649E596D06C75EC8EBF081335CC2255" italics="true">S. tetricus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +between 4.69 and 5.00. The dermal sculpture of the dorsal surface of the skull roof in other eryopid specimens is of much coarser sculpture pattern with indices from 0.4 up to 1.7, higher indices between 1.2 and 4.3 occur only in the subadult +<taxonomicName id="C96380B2CA8A06DA6C2EFAC4E909F2F5" baseAuthorityName="Warren" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="4B341F047A905F38DF00786FDE5D7B03" italics="true">Eryops</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(Table +<tableCitation id="D0D8AA7ACFB26E4053AEA41D1E40F3CE" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Ranges of density counts of dermal sculpture pits (p) and valleys per in 2 (6.452 cm 2) of frontal and jugal in relation to the skull length (S l in cm) given separately and combined for eryopids and grouped by genus, species, and maturity (Werneburg and Berman 2012; Werneburg et al. 2023)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/16816ABE791A2A67C12BD40F633C60A1" tableUuid="16816ABE791A2A67C12BD40F633C60A1">1</tableCitation> +). A dorsal strutting pattern with large ridges on the skull roof is not developed (Fig. +<figureCitation id="80EBAA78938EA20652A6905C099E02C7" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Syndyodosuchus tetricus Konzhukova, 1956, holotype PIN 570 / 40 with skull roof in dorsal view (A, B), from the Ufimian Intinskaya Svita (late Kungurian, Permian) of Inta (coal mine at ‘ Greater Inta River’, Komi Republic, Russia). Abbreviations: f, frontal; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; ol, occipital lamella; p, parietal; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pp, postparietal; prf, prefrontal; ptf, postfrontal; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; t, tabular." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208664">10</figureCitation> +). +</paragraph> +<caption id="F3CF2D39719540F1D2FF6E12A4D1EF6E" ID-DOI="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure10" ID-arpha="891ED662-3DDC-5AAA-8400-093C02C79774" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208664" startId="F10"> +<paragraph id="ADEAD13AE1DB392A3025146769144204"> +<label id="3D509AAC77166E2109BE48C917F8DFAD">Figure 10.</label> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="4A3DF4FFC4967163717CEB5E62F5812D"> +<taxonomicName id="26514C96CEBBC4C4CD14601FBAC34525" authority="Konzhukova, 1956" authorityName="Konzhukova" authorityYear="1956" class="Amphibia" family="Intasuchidae" genus="Syndyodosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tetricus"> +<emphasis id="B5239CDA6DE3EF50A2F4C1A7E62CCF8E" italics="true">Syndyodosuchus tetricus</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="6845FBC30580B91D4D45A45239BAC32E" author="Konzhukova ED" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR" pagination="5-50" refId="B11" refString="Konzhukova ED (1956) The Intan Lower Permian fauna of the northern Ural region. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR 62: 5 - 50. [in Russian]" title="The Intan Lower Permian fauna of the northern Ural region." volume="62" year="1956">Konzhukova, 1956</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +, holotype +<specimenCode id="CBC55E9F6058AC404012F48AB99D96B4"> +<named-content id="2AEAC9B3A614CD2929B79D6F783E5559" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/paleontological-institute-russian-academy-sciences" xlink_title="Paleontological Institute, Academy of Sciences, Moscow">PIN</named-content> +570/40 +</specimenCode> +with skull roof in dorsal view ( +<emphasis id="D5D8F078900E6C82B8DF5419C15ECD51" bold="true">A, B</emphasis> +), from the Ufimian Intinskaya Svita (late Kungurian, Permian) of Inta (coal mine at ‘ Greater Inta River’, Komi Republic, Russia). Abbreviations: f, frontal; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; ol, occipital lamella; p, parietal; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pp, postparietal; prf, prefrontal; ptf, postfrontal; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; t, tabular. +</paragraph> +</caption> +<paragraph id="2AAEE8009C3C17FB1549AFC073FE5866"> +<taxonomicName id="81003903BE4B675684EBD2D28838D47E" authorityName="Konzhukova" authorityYear="1956" class="Amphibia" family="Intasuchidae" genus="Syndyodosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tetricus"> +<emphasis id="1ED78DBE201D15F4841EEFB8476BD25C" italics="true">S. tetricus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="017C2BC3017D86FC901777132116E884" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus"> +<emphasis id="59425D29E502C44A72A9764BA5D7FAF5" italics="true">C. nocturnus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +have slightly thinner bones than the bones in other eryopids, whereas +<taxonomicName id="4C5EECCCCA04AF77854E5240041334AE" baseAuthorityName="Werneburg and Berman" baseAuthorityYear="2012" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Glaukerpeton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="2446EAADEF119F74BC68AF05A0B1CB60" italics="true">Glaukerpeton</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +has 30 +<superScript id="5062CDF7013FECF7464CEBDADBC20EEB">_</superScript> +50 % thinner skull roofing bones ( +<bibRefCitation id="CE1DDB40AB8F8DE37DC1A66D25A729E9" DOI="10.2992/007.081.0103" author="Werneburg and Berman" firstAuthor="Werneburg" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Carnegie Museum" pagination="45-72" refId="B43" refString="Werneburg R, Berman DS (2012) Revision of the aquatic eryopid temnospondyl Glaukerpeton avinoffi Romer, 1952, from the Upper Pennsylvanian of North America. Annals of Carnegie Museum 81 (1): 45–72. https://doi.org/10.2992/007.081.0103" title="Revision of the aquatic eryopid temnospondyl Glaukerpeton avinoffi Romer, 1952, from the Upper Pennsylvanian of North America." volume="81" year="2012">Werneburg and Berman 2012</bibRefCitation> +). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="5DB71324C9A355CE38985FFF15B27FC3"> +The well-preserved skull of +<taxonomicName id="FAF77ECFBBA658890089D328044EB37B" authorityName="Konzhukova" authorityYear="1956" class="Amphibia" family="Intasuchidae" genus="Syndyodosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tetricus"> +<emphasis id="D67F1C237E1C48E2931999B331D7FC92" italics="true">S. tetricus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +allows a tentative reconstruction of the skull roof in dorsal view and of the palate in ventral view (Fig. +<figureCitation id="618F2BB063C288793FE6CE41A708A3C3" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Syndyodosuchus tetricus Konzhukova, 1956, tentative reconstruction of the skull roof in dorsal view (A), and of the palate in ventral view (B). Abbreviations: aci, foramen for carotid artery; bp, basal plate of parasphenoid; ch, choane; cp, cultriform process; ec, ectopterygoid; ept, epipterygoid; f, frontal; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; p, parietal; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pp, postparietal; prf, prefrontal; pt, pterygoid; ptf, postfrontal; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sm, septomaxilla; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; t, tabular; v, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208667">13</figureCitation> +). The skull is as wide as long (Table +<tableCitation id="62359C6B2AB3C73B36E71C8CD0E73D42" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Comparative measurements of adult eryopid skulls (largest and smallest values in bold; after Boy 1990; Werneburg 1997, 2007; Werneburg and Berman 2012; Werneburg et al. 2023, and the present study). Institutional abbreviations. — CM, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; CMNH, Cleveland Museum of Natural History, Cleveland, Ohio; FMNH, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois; MCZ, Museum of Comparative Zoology of the Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; MHNA, Museum of Natural History, Autun, France; MMG, Museum für Mineralogie und Geologie, Dresden, Germany; NHMMZ / LS, Natural History Museum Mainz / State Collection of Natural History of Rhineland – Palatinate, Germany; NHMS, Naturhistorisches Museum Schloss Bertholdsburg, Schleusingen, Germany; NMMNH, New Mexico Museum of Natural History, Albuquerque, New Mexico; PIN, Paleontological Institute, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; UGKU, Urweltmuseum GEOSKOP / Lichtenberg Castle near Kusel, Germany. For anatomical abbreviations, see Fig. 2." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/4C2805F73BC2AE5930F9CBC7944E27F4" tableUuid="4C2805F73BC2AE5930F9CBC7944E27F4">2</tableCitation> +; pS +<subScript id="76C5AD29B7BEA3472FED8F3DC9AE4BEB">w</subScript> +/ S +<subScript id="E5FE5F9F8FB3568AC735F165EA90F66D">l</subScript> += 1.01). The lateral margin of the skull is slightly concave to straight in dorsal view. The snout margin is laterally constricted slightly below the level of naris but not so impressive as in +<taxonomicName id="060CA2EDF6F38218E52B6BA3ABC47B97" baseAuthorityName="Sawin" baseAuthorityYear="1941" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megacephalus"> +<emphasis id="B239C4A288220BE8F29D407D7E014ADC" italics="true">E. megacephalus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="7D5A262708D996F9E4B763DA1D9CAA90" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Osteophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="920A0D9F8CAD3E03799E7D4C89547149" italics="true">Osteophorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="426BEA8B44AD2D03D51A74A63EACCC99" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="25DD73EB70520F788880113FD8545B36" italics="true">Clamorosaurus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. The postorbital region of the skull roof is relatively long (H +<subScript id="5630EB39490FA8B6B25E5BB0781444A3">l</subScript> +/ S +<subScript id="46A007C405F6D3F09E0D2BFC5C171C1A">l</subScript> += 0.24) and wide (H +<subScript id="202AA619E7FAA439DC93E5F3A21FCB53">w</subScript> +/ S +<subScript id="28B14D8CFFAD0B87FB4B904918DDB9C3">l</subScript> += 0.45) (Table +<tableCitation id="9DAA3837116BDC7707226C1B95AD72A4" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Comparative measurements of adult eryopid skulls (largest and smallest values in bold; after Boy 1990; Werneburg 1997, 2007; Werneburg and Berman 2012; Werneburg et al. 2023, and the present study). Institutional abbreviations. — CM, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; CMNH, Cleveland Museum of Natural History, Cleveland, Ohio; FMNH, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois; MCZ, Museum of Comparative Zoology of the Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; MHNA, Museum of Natural History, Autun, France; MMG, Museum für Mineralogie und Geologie, Dresden, Germany; NHMMZ / LS, Natural History Museum Mainz / State Collection of Natural History of Rhineland – Palatinate, Germany; NHMS, Naturhistorisches Museum Schloss Bertholdsburg, Schleusingen, Germany; NMMNH, New Mexico Museum of Natural History, Albuquerque, New Mexico; PIN, Paleontological Institute, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; UGKU, Urweltmuseum GEOSKOP / Lichtenberg Castle near Kusel, Germany. For anatomical abbreviations, see Fig. 2." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/4C2805F73BC2AE5930F9CBC7944E27F4" tableUuid="4C2805F73BC2AE5930F9CBC7944E27F4">2</tableCitation> +). The preorbital skull is relatively elongate (PO +<subScript id="7A4DAEE64C7148FE73BA4F26A0FE051B">l</subScript> +/ S +<subScript id="30A2D42F7F3FBDBD04E5D42278775BD6">l</subScript> += 0.60). The internarial width is very large (IN +<subScript id="A0CDF550287FD24FA327455959267F43">w</subScript> +/ S +<subScript id="9605A2456CD272148B24184F8822B2F0">l</subScript> += 0.32) and presents the largest ratio in eryopids (Table +<tableCitation id="D1BD750753EE5F7C78E5EECDDFFE878F" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Comparative measurements of adult eryopid skulls (largest and smallest values in bold; after Boy 1990; Werneburg 1997, 2007; Werneburg and Berman 2012; Werneburg et al. 2023, and the present study). Institutional abbreviations. — CM, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; CMNH, Cleveland Museum of Natural History, Cleveland, Ohio; FMNH, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois; MCZ, Museum of Comparative Zoology of the Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; MHNA, Museum of Natural History, Autun, France; MMG, Museum für Mineralogie und Geologie, Dresden, Germany; NHMMZ / LS, Natural History Museum Mainz / State Collection of Natural History of Rhineland – Palatinate, Germany; NHMS, Naturhistorisches Museum Schloss Bertholdsburg, Schleusingen, Germany; NMMNH, New Mexico Museum of Natural History, Albuquerque, New Mexico; PIN, Paleontological Institute, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; UGKU, Urweltmuseum GEOSKOP / Lichtenberg Castle near Kusel, Germany. For anatomical abbreviations, see Fig. 2." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/4C2805F73BC2AE5930F9CBC7944E27F4" tableUuid="4C2805F73BC2AE5930F9CBC7944E27F4">2</tableCitation> +). The interorbital width (IO +<subScript id="C7E27545399CA0EA9B5B2737FA94BC3B">w</subScript> +/ S +<subScript id="BA2AD9CE0973C1D85AD8704E65BAB1F7">l</subScript> += 0.23) is small like in +<taxonomicName id="DAE069BA8E5B66547ACF5CDEBBC32A41" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="B580BDC8C0AB1FB524611FCFDCAC999F" italics="true">Clamorosaurus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="E7D7F2194084537758A89C4915ADFEB6" authorityName="Gaudry" authorityYear="1867" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Actinodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="8E39BCEF493EA6358D4561B4FBDD7E73" italics="true">Actinodon</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="B26D3D54EE0197B77B9A7919CE693D7E" baseAuthorityName="Sawin" baseAuthorityYear="1941" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megacephalus"> +<emphasis id="B78D1787C1F3ECDCC1E3F547B923B179" italics="true">E. megacephalus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. The occipital margin of the skull roof is well concave. The quadrate condyles lie distinctly posterior to the occipital condyles (Qc +<subScript id="7B5512752870958179BE95F7BB28E9B0">l</subScript> +/ S +<subScript id="F17DF7872523C67A366B418C38DBB9C2">l</subScript> += 0.14; Table +<tableCitation id="B755D715FC09E9E83C667C8CB85598F7" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Comparative measurements of adult eryopid skulls (largest and smallest values in bold; after Boy 1990; Werneburg 1997, 2007; Werneburg and Berman 2012; Werneburg et al. 2023, and the present study). Institutional abbreviations. — CM, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; CMNH, Cleveland Museum of Natural History, Cleveland, Ohio; FMNH, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois; MCZ, Museum of Comparative Zoology of the Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; MHNA, Museum of Natural History, Autun, France; MMG, Museum für Mineralogie und Geologie, Dresden, Germany; NHMMZ / LS, Natural History Museum Mainz / State Collection of Natural History of Rhineland – Palatinate, Germany; NHMS, Naturhistorisches Museum Schloss Bertholdsburg, Schleusingen, Germany; NMMNH, New Mexico Museum of Natural History, Albuquerque, New Mexico; PIN, Paleontological Institute, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; UGKU, Urweltmuseum GEOSKOP / Lichtenberg Castle near Kusel, Germany. For anatomical abbreviations, see Fig. 2." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/4C2805F73BC2AE5930F9CBC7944E27F4" tableUuid="4C2805F73BC2AE5930F9CBC7944E27F4">2</tableCitation> +) but not so wide posterior than in +<taxonomicName id="3EC2ED1E71ED614AFC26C57EF5E4671D" baseAuthorityName="Sawin" baseAuthorityYear="1941" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megacephalus"> +<emphasis id="D63265E1999F1129940C3E1557A19070" italics="true">E. megacephalus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +or +<taxonomicName id="990D1963DDF206BFE4AEF5DDA7EA5E8C" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis"> +<emphasis id="557C2D0D478EB9E85FEA43FE68506263" italics="true">C. borealis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. The long-oval orbits are the proportionally smallest ones compared to other eryopids (O +<subScript id="3038F40CACCBD31C66C7C0A4C33517BE">l</subScript> +/ S +<subScript id="4FB978724F72F8AA2E8F7A35B94CDCF2">l</subScript> += 0.12). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="D19E4A92F7DFAACF0874508EE69DFEAC"> +<emphasis id="0B3954FF8F9886CF19CDDACEE4A52C41" bold="true"> +<emphasis id="48902648E815864429636B93F38111A1" bold="true" italics="true">Growth stage</emphasis> +. +</emphasis> +The holotypic skull of +<taxonomicName id="11E24FA89B2FA35FD63F5AF4FE43AC18" authorityName="Konzhukova" authorityYear="1956" class="Amphibia" family="Intasuchidae" genus="Syndyodosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tetricus"> +<emphasis id="75D9DC26D06F1834A86261B71AC7495F" italics="true">Syndyodosuchus tetricus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +was an early adult animal, as indicated by the following features: (a) The dermal sculpture consists of a dense reticulated pattern of small pits and valleys separated by narrow ridges; (b) The quadrate condyles lie far posterior to the occipital condyles; (c) The quadrate is ossified dorsally; (d) The orbits are very small compared to other eryopids; (e) The pterygoid has a transverse process; (f) The epipterygoid is ossified with a large footplate. The skull length of +<quantity id="604DDDB9F3DF75033FDE45BD54DB8D77" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" unit="cm" value="16.0">16 cm</quantity> +ranges in the middle-sized group of the family +<taxonomicName id="EE0E2751CCACD25DC268F3D95C86F1C4" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1882" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Eryopidae</taxonomicName> +, and corresponds to +<taxonomicName id="72D914A5CABB365037307365668FD959" authorityName="Gaudry" authorityYear="1867" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Actinodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="E19D4B37F2081A5CEF4C5A67C3155630" italics="true">Actinodon</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="619331FB40280925C9E30613E2528385" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis"> +<emphasis id="6153FC36AFA7EA8D779E5A4AA6D08F88" italics="true">C. borealis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="9CDA1636E661139449EF99484141AB0E" baseAuthorityName="Boy" baseAuthorityYear="1990" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Onchiodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="labyrinthicus"> +<emphasis id="B323F88A3FD60D783FB13AD40E3243CB" italics="true">O. labyrinthicus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. However, the incomplete ossification of the occiput indicates that it was an early adult and did not reach the late adult stage. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="F3A4CD94C3B2E1F710C0A867122A4C2D"> +<emphasis id="C16AA89903E8EF9F88F713396C216015" bold="true"> +<emphasis id="0DF1015A4FDD7E6105806321E3FC2A2C" bold="true" italics="true">Skull roof</emphasis> +. +</emphasis> +The interpremaxillary suture is elongated and accounts for 13.1 % of the midline length of the skull. The elongated and moderately wide alary process of the premaxilla is clearly detectable. Both premaxillae form a relatively straight snout like in +<taxonomicName id="486C06874039D8557CD3D990B6B85B0C" baseAuthorityName="Sawin" baseAuthorityYear="1941" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megacephalus"> +<emphasis id="A088104003ADBAB5C22F1D6BE7325391" italics="true">E. megacephalus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, but its lateral constriction is formed by the lateral margin of the maxilla posterior to the naris. The premaxilla has 10 or 11 tooth loci in its tooth arcade, like most other eryopids with the exception of +<taxonomicName id="463285B51A0E6FE6AF7DE41150721C00" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="61360A2B7ED09CADE4F2B3FCEB47BC19" italics="true">Clamorosaurus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +which has less tooth loci (Table +<tableCitation id="E7B7032B278596D2E3A85CCEE3062C23" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Tooth places (largest and smallest values in bold), position of largest teeth (numbered from anterior) and general kind of dentition in premaxilla and maxilla of the eryopids (compare Figs 12, 13). Abbreviations. — Le, left lateral side; ri, right lateral side." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/198F31F35CB446DC0A807B3B4167B910" tableUuid="198F31F35CB446DC0A807B3B4167B910">3</tableCitation> +). All teeth of premaxilla, maxilla, dentary and palatal elements have a circular cross-section. The ninth and tenth teeth of the premaxilla are the largest ones. Premaxilla and maxilla have a heterodont dentition, with the size differences giving a wave-like profile of the tooth row in lateral view (Figs +<figureCitation id="85644EF6025F68A4947E9B390AAAA1BF" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Syndyodosuchus tetricus Konzhukova, 1956, holotype PIN 570 / 40 with palate in ventral view and premaxilla plus maxilla in lateral view (A, B), from the Ufimian Intinskaya Svita (late Kungurian, Permian) of Inta (coal mine at ‘ Greater Inta River’, Komi Republic, Russia). Abbreviations: aci, foramen for carotid artery; bp, basal plate of parasphenoid; ch, choane; cp, cultriform process; ec, ectopterygoid; ept, epipterygoid; pq, paraquadrate foramen of quadratojugal; j, jugal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; o, orbita; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; stp, stapes; v, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208665">11 A, B</figureCitation> +, +<figureCitation id="52209E1C2CF6D569DBABD2C63E2E3A3E" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Syndyodosuchus tetricus Konzhukova, 1956, further specimens, a right-anterior part of a skull with choana (PIN 570 / 6) in ventral view (A, B), and dorsolateral view (C), and an anterior dentary with symphyseal tusk in labial view (D) and lingual view (E), from the Ufimian Intinskaya Svita (late Kungurian, Permian) of Inta (coal mine at ‘ Greater Inta River’, Komi Republic, Russia) (PIN 570 / 41). Abbreviations: ch, choana; m, maxilla; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; v, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208666">12 A – C</figureCitation> +). +</paragraph> +<caption id="D68DDAAEC85A5EC82EFF399874362150" ID-DOI="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure11" ID-arpha="3B6A9845-1B49-5FB9-B056-4F1DBE2C30F0" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208665" startId="F11"> +<paragraph id="CA39B7214CE0E301FEA9D1DF8D452DC9"> +<label id="C4AA8D91E0734B7C153849DBCE3231DE">Figure 11.</label> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="2E739084F272803CEC28B3826D7430AA"> +<taxonomicName id="D3323AD366810E6C490BBA20A0943462" authority="Konzhukova, 1956" authorityName="Konzhukova" authorityYear="1956" class="Amphibia" family="Intasuchidae" genus="Syndyodosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tetricus"> +<emphasis id="1D6FBEB51625F303CCEB064A65218054" italics="true">Syndyodosuchus tetricus</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="38DC309FCE808ED1A3248036AB2EEC0F" author="Konzhukova ED" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR" pagination="5-50" refId="B11" refString="Konzhukova ED (1956) The Intan Lower Permian fauna of the northern Ural region. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR 62: 5 - 50. [in Russian]" title="The Intan Lower Permian fauna of the northern Ural region." volume="62" year="1956">Konzhukova, 1956</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +, holotype +<specimenCode id="6CA24D13095C6AE26D77BF206989439F"> +<named-content id="65530042F31201C898B136576F081E69" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/paleontological-institute-russian-academy-sciences" xlink_title="Paleontological Institute, Academy of Sciences, Moscow">PIN</named-content> +570/40 +</specimenCode> +with palate in ventral view and premaxilla plus maxilla in lateral view ( +<emphasis id="465E0AE6686FDC6BFB971537273D4114" bold="true">A, B</emphasis> +), from the Ufimian Intinskaya Svita (late Kungurian, Permian) of Inta (coal mine at ‘ Greater Inta River’, Komi Republic, Russia). Abbreviations: aci, foramen for carotid artery; bp, basal plate of parasphenoid; ch, choane; cp, cultriform process; ec, ectopterygoid; ept, epipterygoid; pq, paraquadrate foramen of quadratojugal; j, jugal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; o, orbita; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; stp, stapes; v, vomer. +</paragraph> +</caption> +<caption id="D3A8863D267109B91B94393A0F1D6B6C" ID-DOI="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure12" ID-arpha="7850E15B-BF22-5559-9CFD-98D51BC6D430" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208666" startId="F12"> +<paragraph id="54E7ED930EDF4A457E1BEA83671106B6"> +<label id="E162F1103192115D5A657887FB57416B">Figure 12.</label> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="9A23813CEF3D059000CE02840EECB70E"> +<taxonomicName id="1C8FD57CE4FC0F19A79AA1CC2FEA8DA1" authority="Konzhukova, 1956" authorityName="Konzhukova" authorityYear="1956" class="Amphibia" family="Intasuchidae" genus="Syndyodosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tetricus"> +<emphasis id="B494CC912EBADF96326F5BA5573FA035" italics="true">Syndyodosuchus tetricus</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="6A13297AABD3A5FC601E29432F65ED3D" author="Konzhukova ED" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR" pagination="5-50" refId="B11" refString="Konzhukova ED (1956) The Intan Lower Permian fauna of the northern Ural region. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR 62: 5 - 50. [in Russian]" title="The Intan Lower Permian fauna of the northern Ural region." volume="62" year="1956">Konzhukova, 1956</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +, further specimens, a right-anterior part of a skull with choana ( +<specimenCode id="3973BC5EB5A4C5FD6FDD8DCA952B3D42"> +<named-content id="C55CC45D0688C1D2FEFCE9D140989F2E" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/paleontological-institute-russian-academy-sciences" xlink_title="Paleontological Institute, Academy of Sciences, Moscow">PIN</named-content> +570/6 +</specimenCode> +) in ventral view ( +<emphasis id="9E70AEFA74D67979F655F862F24AAA16" bold="true">A, B</emphasis> +), and dorsolateral view ( +<emphasis id="CF0B7BFBCEF0753FC9D48C02816BC88F" bold="true">C</emphasis> +), and an anterior dentary with symphyseal tusk in labial view ( +<emphasis id="C17A8F1B205DF819BD309D0FFFF5C785" bold="true">D</emphasis> +) and lingual view ( +<emphasis id="F1DA1CC60B01D17AD775DF63D8A7D00D" bold="true">E</emphasis> +), from the Ufimian Intinskaya Svita (late Kungurian, Permian) of Inta (coal mine at ‘ Greater Inta River’, Komi Republic, Russia) ( +<specimenCode id="2339A0540D568E946ED63D0B52913857"> +<named-content id="B0E616E73DA87282A0C9B86304806BA6" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/paleontological-institute-russian-academy-sciences" xlink_title="Paleontological Institute, Academy of Sciences, Moscow">PIN</named-content> +570/41 +</specimenCode> +). Abbreviations: ch, choana; m, maxilla; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; v, vomer. +</paragraph> +</caption> +<paragraph id="5367D26F39C189C4092DF1F08730925D">The maxilla has a relatively narrow dorsal shelf and it is in contact ventrally with the quadratojugal. Its tooth arcade has 25 or 26 tooth loci. No maxillary tooth reaches the size of the largest premaxillary teeth, and the maxillary teeth are similar in size to the smallest premaxillary teeth. The sixth to tenth maxillary teeth are the largest ones but cause no lateral expansion of the skull margin.</paragraph> +<paragraph id="576B6FB89563536F8A3FAA3A4B7F26AD"> +The circular to oval naris is relatively small as in +<taxonomicName id="2DD341A5C0EFD0B428CF73E88BD598B9" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis"> +<emphasis id="5B4B95D55A43F3952AF3A7130F630678" italics="true">C. borealis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="CEAE9E4A01C987FE6BA370D8E517139B" baseAuthorityName="Boy" baseAuthorityYear="1990" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Onchiodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="labyrinthicus"> +<emphasis id="17EE9B3794760E954300B61CA2546402" italics="true">O. labyrinthicus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, its length comprising 7 % of the midline length of the skull. The septomaxilla is not recorded. The posterior margin of the naris is clearly formed by the nasal, lacrimal and maxilla (Fig. +<figureCitation id="A3CFAF782F90290759CF8B2E5031B700" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Syndyodosuchus tetricus Konzhukova, 1956, tentative reconstruction of the skull roof in dorsal view (A), and of the palate in ventral view (B). Abbreviations: aci, foramen for carotid artery; bp, basal plate of parasphenoid; ch, choane; cp, cultriform process; ec, ectopterygoid; ept, epipterygoid; f, frontal; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; p, parietal; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pp, postparietal; prf, prefrontal; pt, pterygoid; ptf, postfrontal; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sm, septomaxilla; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; t, tabular; v, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208667">13 A</figureCitation> +). +</paragraph> +<caption id="6A15F17BF917F9B7A16DD99679EAA533" ID-DOI="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure13" ID-arpha="A541E56B-CE21-5693-966B-17AFF6D7F418" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208667" startId="F13"> +<paragraph id="37E14FF38E027BF3C3D2EC1BF9668215"> +<label id="94835757243856C1836F3CF84B44612A">Figure 13.</label> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="E89F3901A84E2EA931A11D2899B92710"> +<taxonomicName id="C263B62DDBBB0308C8D761CE3B7B3A52" authority="Konzhukova, 1956" authorityName="Konzhukova" authorityYear="1956" class="Amphibia" family="Intasuchidae" genus="Syndyodosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tetricus"> +<emphasis id="EBC8197DA675D9E4650A7B15F882B08C" italics="true">Syndyodosuchus tetricus</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="74B921F954FA54909C7709FBB9FA3F9D" author="Konzhukova ED" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR" pagination="5-50" refId="B11" refString="Konzhukova ED (1956) The Intan Lower Permian fauna of the northern Ural region. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR 62: 5 - 50. [in Russian]" title="The Intan Lower Permian fauna of the northern Ural region." volume="62" year="1956">Konzhukova, 1956</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +, tentative reconstruction of the skull roof in dorsal view ( +<emphasis id="21F0232B8C362CA1565E0EC00B756E7D" bold="true">A</emphasis> +), and of the palate in ventral view ( +<emphasis id="C4947B2399EECBF3C1C3901AD9AA4D14" bold="true">B</emphasis> +). Abbreviations: aci, foramen for carotid artery; bp, basal plate of parasphenoid; ch, choane; cp, cultriform process; ec, ectopterygoid; ept, epipterygoid; f, frontal; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; p, parietal; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pp, postparietal; prf, prefrontal; pt, pterygoid; ptf, postfrontal; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sm, septomaxilla; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; t, tabular; v, vomer. +</paragraph> +</caption> +<caption id="5938FA39FD718F32A41950547C2166C6" ID-DOI="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure14" ID-arpha="AD2EDAC0-E937-5D7E-85E5-668861D852DE" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208668" startId="F14"> +<paragraph id="F6D0DA8E3717946779C2AD65C16DCB3C"> +<label id="229E5D3A224D39FDE4A429FA8E229ACD">Figure 14.</label> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="99BF2CB369F39ACD44235C5FD98490B8"> +Comparison of the revised Russian eryopid skulls in dorsal and palatal view, +<taxonomicName id="710363EB86DF35A385E584F306FB6BCD" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus"> +<emphasis id="C5206DCE87C601400184AEAC95646283" italics="true">Clamorosaurus nocturnus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<emphasis id="26878D86AD9AFCEAA7AD9949BFFDAA2A" bold="true">A, B</emphasis> +), +<taxonomicName id="2FAA201DD375B79F4F56A29D3D1506E7" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis"> +<emphasis id="1B166212F7D8677BAEA9B2B391C0712A" italics="true">Clamorosaurus borealis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<emphasis id="F86C08E8BAF5BD8783BA1BA00D673FE3" bold="true">C, D</emphasis> +), +<taxonomicName id="CD6F413093CF492AAA8B654E55F5E1E6" authorityName="Konzhukova" authorityYear="1956" class="Amphibia" family="Intasuchidae" genus="Syndyodosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tetricus"> +<emphasis id="9343AF0352506B6FC05B7008FAF07C0A" italics="true">Syndyodosuchus tetricus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<emphasis id="5C35965A7C98675254C5799042E9EB04" bold="true">E, F</emphasis> +). Abbreviations: aci, foramen for carotid artery; bp, basal plate of parasphenoid; ch, choane; cp, cultriform process; ec, ectopterygoid; ept, epipterygoid; f, frontal; faci, furrows for carotid artery; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; p, parietal; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pp, postparietal; prf, prefrontal; pt, pterygoid; ptf, postfrontal; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sm, septomaxilla; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; t, tabular; v, vomer. +</paragraph> +</caption> +<caption id="9831D37117FCE9A3E7159BB168B09B12" ID-DOI="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure15" ID-arpha="ABB3B9CA-95F2-5E47-91BE-7E0A26DBB144" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208669" startId="F15"> +<paragraph id="6F3A8CF193AF19E544A58E45FCDFC1AF"> +<label id="A657F8A757682FDDFFCF15A05347C285">Figure 15.</label> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="B847355FE1F45BE97E349111CA400505"> +Comparison of related eryopid skulls in dorsal view ( +<emphasis id="B8E22801D4EBEC62B3A3E9DA93CF0B21" bold="true">A</emphasis> +– +<emphasis id="0B9816FC182C81DC149EB42CB53C9B01" bold="true">F</emphasis> +) and palatal view ( +<emphasis id="2E6788BF5C82E4C50DCD64D7976278B2" bold="true">G</emphasis> +– +<emphasis id="B9D6AF06C1C39C1A52FC3DEFD95656E5" bold="true">L</emphasis> +); ( +<emphasis id="05A3789F6B18E19B07A71BA640708BBA" bold="true">A, K</emphasis> +) after +<bibRefCitation id="57689A780E2D1D809829FE835C0F4A4B" DOI="10.1017/jpa.2023.58" author="Werneburg R & Witzmann F & Rinehart L & Fischer J & Voigt S" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Werneburg" issue="6" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Paleontology" pagination="1251-1281" refId="B45" refString="Werneburg R, Witzmann F, Rinehart L, Fischer J, Voigt S (2023) A new eryopid temnospondyl from the Carboniferous – Permian boundary of Germany. Journal of Paleontology 97 (6): 1251–1281. https://doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2023.58" title="A new eryopid temnospondyl from the Carboniferous - Permian boundary of Germany." volume="97" year="2023">Werneburg et al. (2023)</bibRefCitation> +; ( +<emphasis id="A91A9A680F277FD6A57F0C4EC4A13244" bold="true">B, L</emphasis> +) after +<bibRefCitation id="111826F40476D8735D7773B9D8D51934" DOI="10.2992/007.081.0103" author="Werneburg R & Berman DS" firstAuthor="Werneburg" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Carnegie Museum" pagination="45-72" refId="B43" refString="Werneburg R, Berman DS (2012) Revision of the aquatic eryopid temnospondyl Glaukerpeton avinoffi Romer, 1952, from the Upper Pennsylvanian of North America. Annals of Carnegie Museum 81 (1): 45–72. https://doi.org/10.2992/007.081.0103" title="Revision of the aquatic eryopid temnospondyl Glaukerpeton avinoffi Romer, 1952, from the Upper Pennsylvanian of North America." volume="81" year="2012">Werneburg and Berman (2012)</bibRefCitation> +; ( +<emphasis id="36E78A937D6EB1EAE45B9A060D72C539" bold="true">C, G</emphasis> +) after +<bibRefCitation id="41DD0748E05848F7C365AA4780622887" author="Sawin HJ" firstAuthor="Sawin" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College" pagination="405-464" refId="B24" refString="Sawin HJ (1941) The cranial anatomy of Eryops megacephalus. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College 88: 405–464." title="The cranial anatomy of Eryops megacephalus." volume="88" year="1941">Sawin (1941)</bibRefCitation> +; ( +<emphasis id="DB5A757B76C9FC968E392BED141F0E34" bold="true">D</emphasis> +) after +<bibRefCitation id="0DE9CCC9EA657E8B0C7564D8E825C945" author="Werneburg R" firstAuthor="Werneburg" journalOrPublisher="Freiberger Forschungshefte C" pagination="167-181" refId="B39" refString="Werneburg R (1997) Der Eryopide Onchiodon (Amphibia) aus dem Rotliegend des Beckens von Autun (Frankreich). Freiberger Forschungshefte C 466: 167–181." title="Der Eryopide Onchiodon (Amphibia) aus dem Rotliegend des Beckens von Autun (Frankreich)." volume="466" year="1997">Werneburg (1997)</bibRefCitation> +; ( +<emphasis id="0FB2CE030667A7A6F2E7F5FBB215249B" bold="true">E, I</emphasis> +) after +<bibRefCitation id="57C983C40A1DAFB378BB4CD46D56E967" author="Werneburg R" firstAuthor="Werneburg" journalOrPublisher="Veröffentlichungen Naturhistorisches Museum Schleusingen" pagination="3-40" refId="B40" refString="Werneburg R (2007) Der “ Manebacher Saurier ” – ein neuer großer Eryopide (Onchiodon) aus dem Rotliegend (Unter-Perm) des Thüringer Waldes. Veröffentlichungen Naturhistorisches Museum Schleusingen 22: 3–40." title="Der “ Manebacher Saurier ” - ein neuer großer Eryopide (Onchiodon) aus dem Rotliegend (Unter-Perm) des Thüringer Waldes." volume="22" year="2007">Werneburg (2007)</bibRefCitation> +; ( +<emphasis id="85D7EA2D25B0BA3FE65C291EAFD94BA3" bold="true">F, J</emphasis> +) after Boy (1991); ( +<emphasis id="5AB7BE52016E64CC1BBD9BC84B8C0063" bold="true">H</emphasis> +) after +<bibRefCitation id="44F760B50524D767EC9BCFD6D328DDFD" DOI="10.1016/S0016-6995(99)80009-6" author="Werneburg R & Steyer JS" firstAuthor="Werneburg" issue="4" journalOrPublisher="Geobios" pagination="599-607" refId="B42" refString="Werneburg R, Steyer JS (1999) Redescription of the holotype of Actinodon frossardi (Amphibian, Temnospondyli) from the Lower Rotliegend of the Autun Basin (Lower Permian, France). Geobios 32 (4): 599–607. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-6995 (99) 80009-6" title="Redescription of the holotype of Actinodon frossardi (Amphibian, Temnospondyli) from the Lower Rotliegend of the Autun Basin (Lower Permian, France)." volume="32" year="1999">Werneburg and Steyer (1999)</bibRefCitation> +. Abbreviations: ch, choane; cp, cultriform process; ec, ectopterygoid; eo, exoccipital; f, frontal; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; p, parietal; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pp, postparietal; prf, prefrontal; ps, parasphenoid; pt, pterygoid; ptf, postfrontal; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; se, sphenethmoid; sm, septomaxilla; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; t, tabular; v, vomer. +</paragraph> +</caption> +<caption id="F1E07EE105D67CC29FB3A05B8F73A030" ID-DOI="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure16" ID-arpha="35CAA7E6-D875-5426-BA3C-35AB7047013D" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208670" startId="F16"> +<paragraph id="60802D5A3E92669ABF0CD6440F4E90E3"> +<label id="150182CBC2EA89C22E69B0BAA66FD125">Figure 16.</label> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="27B2E116223C4FA6A0A8BC84A8F708FD"> +Eryopid temnospondyls of the world in geological time. Abbreviations: Fm, fm., formation; NM, New Mexico (after age-calibrating in +<bibRefCitation id="1A33A1E68A7B1A078DA99D85B1331C82" DOI="10.1016/j.palwor.2019.09.001" author="Schneider" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Schneider" journalOrPublisher="Palaeoworld" pagination="186-238" refId="B25" refString="Schneider JW, Lucas SG, Scholze F, Voigt S, Marchetti L, Klein H, Oplustil S, Werneburg R, Golubev VK, Barrick JE, Nemyrovska T, Ronchi A, Day MO, Silantiev VV, Rößler R, Saber H, Linnemann U, Zharinova V, Shen S-Z (2020) Late Paleozoic – early Mesozoic continental biostratigraphy - Links to the Standard Global Chronostratigraphic Scale. Palaeoworld 29: 186–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palwor.2019.09.001" title="Late Paleozoic - early Mesozoic continental biostratigraphy - Links to the Standard Global Chronostratigraphic Scale." volume="29" year="2020">Schneider et al. 2020</bibRefCitation> +and +<bibRefCitation id="97EF50AA025893DB99ABF40007B34890" author="Spindler" editor="Werneburg R & Schneider JW" firstAuthor="Spindler" pagination="171-183" refId="B33" refString="Spindler F (2024) Amnioten. In: Werneburg R, Schneider JW (Eds) Rotliegend-Fauna des Thüringer Waldes: Semana Sonderveröffentlichung cap. 16: 171–183." title="Amnioten." volume="16" volumeTitle="Rotliegend-Fauna des Thüringer Waldes: Semana Sonderveröffentlichung cap." year="2024">Spindler 2024</bibRefCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</caption> +<paragraph id="ACE4531330C395E30C9C5C11A2B0A8A2"> +The lacrimal is narrower (La +<subScript id="1114A3376B6FAD2D0F600B9D020F9BF5">w</subScript> +/ La +<subScript id="8DC1E05B23328F7E884B25DD37C19A09">l</subScript> += 0.30; Table +<tableCitation id="9A73FF2BED5A6B5DA5A56055E6FE7BBE" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Comparative measurements of adult eryopid skulls (largest and smallest values in bold; after Boy 1990; Werneburg 1997, 2007; Werneburg and Berman 2012; Werneburg et al. 2023, and the present study). Institutional abbreviations. — CM, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; CMNH, Cleveland Museum of Natural History, Cleveland, Ohio; FMNH, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois; MCZ, Museum of Comparative Zoology of the Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; MHNA, Museum of Natural History, Autun, France; MMG, Museum für Mineralogie und Geologie, Dresden, Germany; NHMMZ / LS, Natural History Museum Mainz / State Collection of Natural History of Rhineland – Palatinate, Germany; NHMS, Naturhistorisches Museum Schloss Bertholdsburg, Schleusingen, Germany; NMMNH, New Mexico Museum of Natural History, Albuquerque, New Mexico; PIN, Paleontological Institute, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; UGKU, Urweltmuseum GEOSKOP / Lichtenberg Castle near Kusel, Germany. For anatomical abbreviations, see Fig. 2." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/4C2805F73BC2AE5930F9CBC7944E27F4" tableUuid="4C2805F73BC2AE5930F9CBC7944E27F4">2</tableCitation> +) and longer than the nasal, a pattern that is further present only in +<taxonomicName id="B2410E8FF81014E1698CDB0D58533F79" authorityName="Gaudry" authorityYear="1867" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Actinodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="AB143D6D3DEFE357F2C32A29F6085096" italics="true">Actinodon</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +among eryopids. It is separated from the orbit by a short contact between jugal and prefrontal. The frontal is narrow like in most other eryopids and reaches anteriorly to the level of the anterior ends of prefrontal and jugal. The jugal is relatively wide (Ju +<subScript id="A1D64DF6AB4F74D407ACF33E0BA81701">w</subScript> +/ S +<subScript id="CBCA4DB82647F89C3CC7C0D4A16575B7">l</subScript> += 0.14) and of equal width as the orbit at midlength. The left jugal constricts the orbit by a small medial expansion, whereas the orbital rim of the right jugal is not preserved in this part. The width of the skull at midlength is small (mS +<subScript id="9CDB839763F57C4A1E83687DF5A5A3AA">w</subScript> +/ S +<subScript id="F1372765AC7BB26D46B4F6D2F21AAC03">l</subScript> += 0.86; Table +<tableCitation id="695DE617D067E0594721C56BE42A559E" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Comparative measurements of adult eryopid skulls (largest and smallest values in bold; after Boy 1990; Werneburg 1997, 2007; Werneburg and Berman 2012; Werneburg et al. 2023, and the present study). Institutional abbreviations. — CM, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; CMNH, Cleveland Museum of Natural History, Cleveland, Ohio; FMNH, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois; MCZ, Museum of Comparative Zoology of the Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; MHNA, Museum of Natural History, Autun, France; MMG, Museum für Mineralogie und Geologie, Dresden, Germany; NHMMZ / LS, Natural History Museum Mainz / State Collection of Natural History of Rhineland – Palatinate, Germany; NHMS, Naturhistorisches Museum Schloss Bertholdsburg, Schleusingen, Germany; NMMNH, New Mexico Museum of Natural History, Albuquerque, New Mexico; PIN, Paleontological Institute, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; UGKU, Urweltmuseum GEOSKOP / Lichtenberg Castle near Kusel, Germany. For anatomical abbreviations, see Fig. 2." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/4C2805F73BC2AE5930F9CBC7944E27F4" tableUuid="4C2805F73BC2AE5930F9CBC7944E27F4">2</tableCitation> +). The postorbital is triangular in outline and much narrower than in all other eryopids (Po +<subScript id="479D999FCCD6297C759A2490157E17A2">w</subScript> +/ Po +<subScript id="EF9ACE9189A1DCB9DCAAC90AB4BC2E48">l</subScript> += 0.54, Table +<tableCitation id="26C4E6E8F11660986A1818A0C3270D82" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Comparative measurements of adult eryopid skulls (largest and smallest values in bold; after Boy 1990; Werneburg 1997, 2007; Werneburg and Berman 2012; Werneburg et al. 2023, and the present study). Institutional abbreviations. — CM, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; CMNH, Cleveland Museum of Natural History, Cleveland, Ohio; FMNH, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois; MCZ, Museum of Comparative Zoology of the Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; MHNA, Museum of Natural History, Autun, France; MMG, Museum für Mineralogie und Geologie, Dresden, Germany; NHMMZ / LS, Natural History Museum Mainz / State Collection of Natural History of Rhineland – Palatinate, Germany; NHMS, Naturhistorisches Museum Schloss Bertholdsburg, Schleusingen, Germany; NMMNH, New Mexico Museum of Natural History, Albuquerque, New Mexico; PIN, Paleontological Institute, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; UGKU, Urweltmuseum GEOSKOP / Lichtenberg Castle near Kusel, Germany. For anatomical abbreviations, see Fig. 2." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/4C2805F73BC2AE5930F9CBC7944E27F4" tableUuid="4C2805F73BC2AE5930F9CBC7944E27F4">2</tableCitation> +). The postfrontal and prefrontal clearly contact each other as in all eryopids. The prefrontal is anteriorly relatively wide and blunt (Fig. +<figureCitation id="111C453616EA9B67DF79BDB8C990EB3A" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Syndyodosuchus tetricus Konzhukova, 1956, tentative reconstruction of the skull roof in dorsal view (A), and of the palate in ventral view (B). Abbreviations: aci, foramen for carotid artery; bp, basal plate of parasphenoid; ch, choane; cp, cultriform process; ec, ectopterygoid; ept, epipterygoid; f, frontal; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; p, parietal; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pp, postparietal; prf, prefrontal; pt, pterygoid; ptf, postfrontal; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sm, septomaxilla; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; t, tabular; v, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208667">13 A</figureCitation> +). It reaches anteriorly only up to the anterior level of the frontals. The posteromedial part of the postfrontal is markedly expanded like in +<taxonomicName id="7E512AF1F9B4C72B446A2BBDF2A3B17F" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis"> +<emphasis id="BE1BF02AAF3747E9EEAE9A16F28C04DC" italics="true">C. borealis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. The supratemporal is 1.2–1.4 times longer than wide. It reaches posteriorly clearly below the level of the occipital condyle. The parietals extend anterior up to the level of the posterior orbital margin. They do not reach as wide posterior as the supratemporals. +<taxonomicName id="CA18407604EFDFC2CE4E066D481869C5" authorityName="Konzhukova" authorityYear="1956" class="Amphibia" family="Intasuchidae" genus="Syndyodosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="459800F1FF2CC88CBBB44132CECBF9CA" italics="true">Syndyodosuchus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +bears a relatively short postparietal. The tabular is tiny – it is the proportionally smallest one in eryopids. A tabular horn is not developed. The cheek is relatively narrow (W +<subScript id="5F2A9700C03519E9F3DD13EC60580676">w</subScript> +/ S +<subScript id="CD9DC1AA8D70A0718A3509628793E6B5">l</subScript> += 0.27; Table +<tableCitation id="15F51D57A1C4159B30C176F54F804B11" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Comparative measurements of adult eryopid skulls (largest and smallest values in bold; after Boy 1990; Werneburg 1997, 2007; Werneburg and Berman 2012; Werneburg et al. 2023, and the present study). Institutional abbreviations. — CM, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; CMNH, Cleveland Museum of Natural History, Cleveland, Ohio; FMNH, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois; MCZ, Museum of Comparative Zoology of the Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; MHNA, Museum of Natural History, Autun, France; MMG, Museum für Mineralogie und Geologie, Dresden, Germany; NHMMZ / LS, Natural History Museum Mainz / State Collection of Natural History of Rhineland – Palatinate, Germany; NHMS, Naturhistorisches Museum Schloss Bertholdsburg, Schleusingen, Germany; NMMNH, New Mexico Museum of Natural History, Albuquerque, New Mexico; PIN, Paleontological Institute, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; UGKU, Urweltmuseum GEOSKOP / Lichtenberg Castle near Kusel, Germany. For anatomical abbreviations, see Fig. 2." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/4C2805F73BC2AE5930F9CBC7944E27F4" tableUuid="4C2805F73BC2AE5930F9CBC7944E27F4">2</tableCitation> +) and does not reach the relative width of the cheek in +<taxonomicName id="4CF5A571A5E200151B3AFACDEBAE58D2" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus"> +<emphasis id="A19EEF1EA1BACFBD57F243AE577A4210" italics="true">C. nocturnus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +or +<taxonomicName id="2ADA574BDCD42CD77828E03538CA055C" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Onchiodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6CF779C05FAB16D1221D1209947301B6" italics="true">Onchiodon</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. Correspondingly, the squamosal and the quadratojugal are relatively narrow. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="4166B20EE97E18F0117202D4B8E52D3E">The dorsally exposed part of the quadrate between the squamosal and quadratojugal is very small, but its dorsoventral contact to the quadrate ramus of the pterygoid is extensive. Quadratojugal foramina are not visible. Lateral line sulci are not present.</paragraph> +<paragraph id="FBAF7AA95FC8E4DF6FC032400A9E2391"> +<emphasis id="ECBA79424FF7841D74B207D7CEF3B195" bold="true"> +<emphasis id="62D9F525DD3AAEB11E335A483C29F279" bold="true" italics="true">Palate and braincase</emphasis> +. +</emphasis> +The palate is well preserved and can be reconstructed (Fig. +<figureCitation id="96C6A8308A0DF420E5ADE349F4F201AF" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Syndyodosuchus tetricus Konzhukova, 1956, tentative reconstruction of the skull roof in dorsal view (A), and of the palate in ventral view (B). Abbreviations: aci, foramen for carotid artery; bp, basal plate of parasphenoid; ch, choane; cp, cultriform process; ec, ectopterygoid; ept, epipterygoid; f, frontal; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; p, parietal; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pp, postparietal; prf, prefrontal; pt, pterygoid; ptf, postfrontal; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sm, septomaxilla; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; t, tabular; v, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208667">13 B</figureCitation> +). Longitudinal ridges on the palatal bones and traces of the anterior palatal fossae on the anterior part of the vomers are not preserved. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="8C1545AC6EF725DBCEF9604796DB98E6"> +The vomers are elongated, posteriorly narrow and anteriorly widened. The smallest width of both vomers (= posterior interchoanal width ICw / S +<subScript id="845E9CBE04F5213CE2B733550C1DE905">l</subScript> += 0.30) is smaller than the smallest width between the narial openings (internarial width INw / S +<subScript id="71125AD8C9D32E8980337B9E95930B49">l</subScript> += 0.32), but the anterior interchoanal width is equal to the internarial width. The suture between vomer and palatine is relatively short but longer than in +<taxonomicName id="F3EA4D1897772280118B4D45918CAE73" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis"> +<emphasis id="8B58CABE2F91E5DAE011CF4F998B87E8" italics="true">C. borealis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. The palatine is much longer than wide. The ectopterygoid is longer than wide and of almost equal length as the palatine. Its posteriormost part is wider than the neighbouring part of the pterygoid. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="43D7059AE73089A626D0C8B1AFD1D608"> +The palatal dentition corresponds to that of +<taxonomicName id="29791737FC71507FCA5ADCC925EC9E3D" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis"> +<emphasis id="B1483B2488F9F734ED67C000341CEA9C" italics="true">C. borealis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. The palatine bears two relatively large fangs, one on the anterior and one on the posterior part. The palatine fangs are of similar size as the largest premaxillary teeth. The ectopterygoid bears a fang pair on its posterior part which is only slightly smaller than the fangs of the palatine. The fangs on the vomer are located on two separate tooth places and have the same size as the ectopterygoid fangs. One fang is located anterior to the choana (Fig. +<figureCitation id="FA53F641E4C05C133F7F0F3B432F58E3" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Syndyodosuchus tetricus Konzhukova, 1956, further specimens, a right-anterior part of a skull with choana (PIN 570 / 6) in ventral view (A, B), and dorsolateral view (C), and an anterior dentary with symphyseal tusk in labial view (D) and lingual view (E), from the Ufimian Intinskaya Svita (late Kungurian, Permian) of Inta (coal mine at ‘ Greater Inta River’, Komi Republic, Russia) (PIN 570 / 41). Abbreviations: ch, choana; m, maxilla; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; v, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208666">12 A, B</figureCitation> +). A further, somewhat larger tooth locus with one fang is positioned medial to the choana in its anterior half. This second tooth locus on the vomer, medial to the choana is otherwise only known from +<taxonomicName id="FDA0BC71547199D00318F6C62599B092" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus"> +<emphasis id="4BB7CC356443E387468ECD2E9D85B7F4" italics="true">C. nocturnus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="1141BFC6E326AD1EE0BA9CD081A7A976" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis"> +<emphasis id="E0DF9E94744B3901F3DDFD9AE647404F" italics="true">C. borealis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="D862B9F6D34D1BA2B59A3D1E010A607F"> +The choana is longer than wide, but posteromedially expanded (Fig. +<figureCitation id="95901A91BC0954D05884E6C34005DE51" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Syndyodosuchus tetricus Konzhukova, 1956, further specimens, a right-anterior part of a skull with choana (PIN 570 / 6) in ventral view (A, B), and dorsolateral view (C), and an anterior dentary with symphyseal tusk in labial view (D) and lingual view (E), from the Ufimian Intinskaya Svita (late Kungurian, Permian) of Inta (coal mine at ‘ Greater Inta River’, Komi Republic, Russia) (PIN 570 / 41). Abbreviations: ch, choana; m, maxilla; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; v, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208666">12 A, B</figureCitation> +) like in +<taxonomicName id="E234C5D1FE38C9A5A4C3211880C9E012" authorityName="Gaudry" authorityYear="1867" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Actinodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="AEAD79584DCD49C8AC0DDFB2612FF8D0" italics="true">Actinodon</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="FDA7B13EF3EC56BAADA46A755DB6CEDE" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus"> +<emphasis id="A5A3E33A4BF66FD34464CDF6554C8E3A" italics="true">C. nocturnus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="3D7BC7187AAACB3E2FA946F43FD4433B" baseAuthorityName="Sawin" baseAuthorityYear="1941" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megacephalus"> +<emphasis id="6EC86AC0FD0D2053CA613FA9982977C4" italics="true">E. megacephalus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="04AED5BB2AB3551BE110846F4F168070"> +The palatinal ramus of the pterygoid is overall narrow. The transverse flange of the pterygoid is poorly developed like in +<taxonomicName id="85874C73CF78FA6E44605E25C540B0E2" baseAuthorityName="Werneburg and Berman" baseAuthorityYear="2012" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Glaukerpeton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="2E80BDB69E43068FF3BFC84F002CEC80" italics="true">Glaukerpeton</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. The palatinal ramus and the short basipterygoid ramus are only slightly curved and therefore, the interpterygoid vacuities are narrower than in +<taxonomicName id="21D34ECF8FBB8EBFF7635B6B55F49558" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="D2FB4BCF7FA76C9B24F1463C2D7947B2" italics="true">Clamorosaurus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and more similar to the vacuities of the other eryopids. The orbits are partially obscured by the pterygoids in ventral view, again in contrast to +<taxonomicName id="6CDFF77BA8AC1DD0C1EE37DEE4582EA8" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="874D36C1117850F4542BD4194EFDFFEE" italics="true">Clamorosaurus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. Polygonal bony plates covering the interpterygoid vacuities are not preserved. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="FE2292A04EFAD5930D14EFB028230E36"> +The large bony plate lying between the basipterygoid ramus of the right pterygoid and the skull roof is interpreted as footplate of the epipterygoid (Fig. +<figureCitation id="97152594A88268FE21BEA5117DC13DF2" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Syndyodosuchus tetricus Konzhukova, 1956, holotype PIN 570 / 40 with palate in ventral view and premaxilla plus maxilla in lateral view (A, B), from the Ufimian Intinskaya Svita (late Kungurian, Permian) of Inta (coal mine at ‘ Greater Inta River’, Komi Republic, Russia). Abbreviations: aci, foramen for carotid artery; bp, basal plate of parasphenoid; ch, choane; cp, cultriform process; ec, ectopterygoid; ept, epipterygoid; pq, paraquadrate foramen of quadratojugal; j, jugal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; o, orbita; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; stp, stapes; v, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208665">11 A, B</figureCitation> +). Remains of the ascending process are not preserved. A similar large footplate is known from +<taxonomicName id="871CD892609BF84729CDAE9B96CED836" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis"> +<emphasis id="DA99B77ECEEC0A2B8855D003024A3A5F" italics="true">C. borealis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(Fig. +<figureCitation id="E24F56AF8D2A00C1DDD0B22EAFD7D146" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Clamorosaurus borealis Gubin, 1983, holotype PIN 3950 / 1 with palate and mandibles in ventral view (A, B), and the quadrate condyle in medial view (C), from the Ufimian Intinskaya Svita (late Kungurian, Permian) of Inta (coal mine 9, Komi Republic, Russia). Abbreviations: bp, basal plate of parasphenoid; ch, choane; cp, cultriform process; d, dentary; ec, ectopterygoid; ept, epipterygoid; fo. pq + fo. pqa, paraquadrate and accessory paraquadrate foramina of quadratojugal; fo. q, foramen in quadrate; m, maxilla; md, mandible; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; t, tabular; v, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208662">8 B</figureCitation> +) and +<taxonomicName id="16F3EA79081E5C872F2556CBC8A5DB28" baseAuthorityName="Warren" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="47955A10F6F25B9957298FD92A4B3EA7" italics="true">Eryops</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(see above). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="AE18A197F14CAD39344F2891A40C92C9"> +The short basipterygoid process of the pterygoid overlapped the wide basipterygoid pocket of the parasphenoidal basal plate and might have formed a movable articulation (Figs +<figureCitation id="A55389E4AB4CAFAB8B058FEB8CEBF75A" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Syndyodosuchus tetricus Konzhukova, 1956, holotype PIN 570 / 40 with palate in ventral view and premaxilla plus maxilla in lateral view (A, B), from the Ufimian Intinskaya Svita (late Kungurian, Permian) of Inta (coal mine at ‘ Greater Inta River’, Komi Republic, Russia). Abbreviations: aci, foramen for carotid artery; bp, basal plate of parasphenoid; ch, choane; cp, cultriform process; ec, ectopterygoid; ept, epipterygoid; pq, paraquadrate foramen of quadratojugal; j, jugal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; o, orbita; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; stp, stapes; v, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208665">11 A, B</figureCitation> +, +<figureCitation id="830564551F9A68E06BE01E9C07837FCC" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Syndyodosuchus tetricus Konzhukova, 1956, tentative reconstruction of the skull roof in dorsal view (A), and of the palate in ventral view (B). Abbreviations: aci, foramen for carotid artery; bp, basal plate of parasphenoid; ch, choane; cp, cultriform process; ec, ectopterygoid; ept, epipterygoid; f, frontal; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; p, parietal; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pp, postparietal; prf, prefrontal; pt, pterygoid; ptf, postfrontal; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sm, septomaxilla; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; t, tabular; v, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208667">13 B</figureCitation> +). The cultriform process of the parasphenoid is narrow and longer than the vomer, like in all other eryopids with the exception of +<taxonomicName id="55399AC8B15B8C402E5254ABE993227E" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis"> +<emphasis id="74FD6A2FE1D9DA97DDA23C897B3ECEE3" italics="true">C. borealis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. The basal plate of the parasphenoid has a narrow rectangular shape; its ventral surface has no clear furrows but foramina for the carotid artery between the basipterygoid pockets and the denticle field in ventral view (Fig. +<figureCitation id="BD8871C697C37DD73687FA2DD146985D" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Syndyodosuchus tetricus Konzhukova, 1956, holotype PIN 570 / 40 with palate in ventral view and premaxilla plus maxilla in lateral view (A, B), from the Ufimian Intinskaya Svita (late Kungurian, Permian) of Inta (coal mine at ‘ Greater Inta River’, Komi Republic, Russia). Abbreviations: aci, foramen for carotid artery; bp, basal plate of parasphenoid; ch, choane; cp, cultriform process; ec, ectopterygoid; ept, epipterygoid; pq, paraquadrate foramen of quadratojugal; j, jugal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; o, orbita; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; stp, stapes; v, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208665">11 A</figureCitation> +). The large denticle field starts widened on the anterior part of the basal plate and extends anteriorly between the carotid foramina up to the base of the cultriform process. This anterior field is not clearly triangular or rounded. Further denticles are only preserved on the palatinal branch of the pterygoid. The articular condyle of the quadrate is well bilobed and transversely expanded. The posteroventral part of the quadratojugal bears a narrow bridge whose posterior boss-like end sutures with the quadrate. This bony bridge is pierced from posterolateral to anteromedial by the paraquadrate foramen (Fig. +<figureCitation id="A9C9E7C039BD0F93B24E444BA61E5124" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Syndyodosuchus tetricus Konzhukova, 1956, holotype PIN 570 / 40 with palate in ventral view and premaxilla plus maxilla in lateral view (A, B), from the Ufimian Intinskaya Svita (late Kungurian, Permian) of Inta (coal mine at ‘ Greater Inta River’, Komi Republic, Russia). Abbreviations: aci, foramen for carotid artery; bp, basal plate of parasphenoid; ch, choane; cp, cultriform process; ec, ectopterygoid; ept, epipterygoid; pq, paraquadrate foramen of quadratojugal; j, jugal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; o, orbita; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; stp, stapes; v, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208665">11 A</figureCitation> +). The sphenethmoid, basioccipital and exoccipitals are not recorded. The stapes of the visceral skeleton is only preserved with a small part of the shaft (Fig. +<figureCitation id="88D4EC1881404E72100B2815AA63667E" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Syndyodosuchus tetricus Konzhukova, 1956, holotype PIN 570 / 40 with palate in ventral view and premaxilla plus maxilla in lateral view (A, B), from the Ufimian Intinskaya Svita (late Kungurian, Permian) of Inta (coal mine at ‘ Greater Inta River’, Komi Republic, Russia). Abbreviations: aci, foramen for carotid artery; bp, basal plate of parasphenoid; ch, choane; cp, cultriform process; ec, ectopterygoid; ept, epipterygoid; pq, paraquadrate foramen of quadratojugal; j, jugal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; o, orbita; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; stp, stapes; v, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208665">11 A, B</figureCitation> +). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="D2A2624CD590F21BC8CEC2C5DC7F979E"> +<emphasis id="DED1A34677D350B8545FF87F5247FF2C" bold="true"> +<emphasis id="9B314C5002B034828088FF7FE71B28CB" bold="true" italics="true">Mandible</emphasis> +. +</emphasis> +The anterior part of an isolated right dentary has a heterodont dentition with a wave-like profile of the tooth series. One large symphyseal tooth and a possible tooth place are preserved (Fig. +<figureCitation id="E695C3D13FF7A403FC8B3F6672A3B645" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Syndyodosuchus tetricus Konzhukova, 1956, further specimens, a right-anterior part of a skull with choana (PIN 570 / 6) in ventral view (A, B), and dorsolateral view (C), and an anterior dentary with symphyseal tusk in labial view (D) and lingual view (E), from the Ufimian Intinskaya Svita (late Kungurian, Permian) of Inta (coal mine at ‘ Greater Inta River’, Komi Republic, Russia) (PIN 570 / 41). Abbreviations: ch, choana; m, maxilla; pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; v, vomer." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.e125460.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1208666">12 E</figureCitation> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/C1/1D/A1/C11DA1E378135B3A8948368AF06AD2C6.xml b/data/C1/1D/A1/C11DA1E378135B3A8948368AF06AD2C6.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..47afb07a25e --- /dev/null +++ b/data/C1/1D/A1/C11DA1E378135B3A8948368AF06AD2C6.xml @@ -0,0 +1,111 @@ +<document id="389F30587CC4035B4224FFE62FC38686" ID-DOI="10.3897/fr.27.e125460" ID-ZooBank="09729723-9CEC-4FBF-B0B1-FB8103534379" ID-publisher-id="125460" URI-arpha="2CB3E290-131D-5E15-A8A9-D678E2CCA8EC" URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/09729723-9CEC-4FBF-B0B1-FB8103534379" XM.bibliography_approvedBy="admin" XM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" XM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" XM.treatments_approvedBy="admin" article-type="research-article" 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scope_order="Temnospondyli"> +<subSubSection id="078178E0B2F9DDCE9F6EF63D748B006E" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="BCF406D375D5F81FD59199272318B5A7"> +<taxonomicName id="A4A3EC2A7D63B5BF5DEC8BE21D5A59DD" authority="Gubin, 1983" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="3F5DC09E58B107E49BF1A50476E6E5BC" italics="true">Clamorosaurus</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="F7A9D6DBA559D99D13B26EF8FC91E39C" author="Gubin YM" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontologiceskij Zhurnal" pagination="110-115" refId="B6" refString="Gubin YM (1983) The first eryopids from the Permian of the East-European Platform. Palaeontologiceskij Zhurnal 1983: 110 - 115. [in Russian]" title="The first eryopids from the Permian of the East-European Platform." volume="1983" year="1983">Gubin, 1983</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="SECID0EBWAE" type="type_taxon"> +<paragraph id="542596661CAE4C853C354C09D2B9EA01"> +<heading id="590AE23F511FDC5A4AB1B2B8C15740ED" reason="title">Types species.</heading> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="58FE862CD9541DD0347D114C8C07A847"> +<taxonomicName id="D3C9106DD6AD4CB396D23F9373EB3F52" authority="Gubin, 1983" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nocturnus"> +<emphasis id="20C989F2F3B95EA980645D6C974B8C96" italics="true">Clamorosaurus nocturnus</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="24237EB773AD560603B90A3E88A8AE28" author="Gubin YM" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontologiceskij Zhurnal" pagination="110-115" refId="B6" refString="Gubin YM (1983) The first eryopids from the Permian of the East-European Platform. Palaeontologiceskij Zhurnal 1983: 110 - 115. [in Russian]" title="The first eryopids from the Permian of the East-European Platform." volume="1983" year="1983">Gubin, 1983</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="SECID0ESWAE" type="diagnosis"> +<paragraph id="9BC9F3A94444847078D46D7FB897AAB6"> +<heading id="579B1A7ED82957464ACE5FA45827936E" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="49AA5B74D7DF4B1D8806EE1231E78DA2"> +Synapomorphy: (1) Very wide interpterygoid vacuities, with the orbitae not obscured in ventral view, in contrast to all other eryopids and shared with the stereospondylomorph +<taxonomicName id="832A80D51710DC1AA9FF139010914A83" authorityName="Konzhukova" authorityYear="1953" class="Amphibia" family="Intasuchidae" genus="Intasuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="2E885808EA480F1546D36BA3D31D357D" italics="true">Intasuchus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +( +<bibRefCitation id="2234816B98C5590E04232419F135F64E" author="Konzhukova" firstAuthor="Konzhukova" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR" pagination="5-50" refId="B11" refString="Konzhukova ED (1956) The Intan Lower Permian fauna of the northern Ural region. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR 62: 5–50. [in Russian]" title="The Intan Lower Permian fauna of the northern Ural region." volume="62" year="1956">Konzhukova 1956</bibRefCitation> +; +<bibRefCitation id="3EBCFE37278140B1E64FBC438A2121A5" DOI="10.37520/fi.2020.019" author="Werneburg" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Werneburg" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="Fossil Imprint" pagination="217-242" refId="B44" refString="Werneburg R, Štamberg S, Steyer J-S (2020) A new stereospondylomorph, Korkonterpeton kalnense gen. et sp. nov., from lower Permian of the Czech Krkonoše Piedmont Basin and a redescription of Intasuchus silvicola from the lower Permian of Russia (Temnospondyli, Amphibia). Fossil Imprint 76 (2): 217–242. https://doi.org/10.37520/fi.2020.019" title="A new stereospondylomorph, Korkonterpeton kalnense gen. et sp. nov., from lower Permian of the Czech Krkonoše Piedmont Basin and a redescription of Intasuchus silvicola from the lower Permian of Russia (Temnospondyli, Amphibia)." volume="76" year="2020">Werneburg et al. 2020</bibRefCitation> +), however, in contrast to +<taxonomicName id="5050F388BD72EA799D0CD898A637F6EE" authorityName="Konzhukova" authorityYear="1953" class="Amphibia" family="Intasuchidae" genus="Intasuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="F9C8823C47504D31071FC9789AD87780" italics="true">Intasuchus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, the interpterygoid vacuities of +<taxonomicName id="CE012832BC2A0A1EB0CAEE259EF2B121" authorityName="Gubin" authorityYear="1983" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Clamorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="FC05834BC6D79A8B630996FB6160B87F" italics="true">Clamorosaurus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +are unique in being anteriorly widened. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="AD5FBEA82245AE052555C89EE9EC0651"> +Characters shared with certain eryopids: (2) Premaxillary snout region laterally constricted at the level of the external naris, shared with +<taxonomicName id="322B751CCB66ED799944D6F32A0AFCCC" baseAuthorityName="Warren" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Eryops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="6BE80EE65469DEA35C4B86BC4EED756D" italics="true">Eryops</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="C611D72FE74DD55383D12F1833A79937" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Osteophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="E24B32E7258E5D5E5668AE565C630357" italics="true">Osteophorus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; (3) Skull very wide, shared with +<taxonomicName id="EB71A79D5D1779D4D3B275906221FA52" class="Amphibia" family="Eryopidae" genus="Onchiodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="CF3A5C40647A7DA1BFE5BF971127EC4C" italics="true">Onchiodon</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; (4) Fangs on the vomer located on two separate circular tooth pits, one medial to the anterior edge of the choanae and one medial to the choana at its midlength. Shared with +<taxonomicName id="8A7D9916FC8411DFAFFF581B228CB86F" authorityName="Konzhukova" authorityYear="1956" class="Amphibia" family="Intasuchidae" genus="Syndyodosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="3E14B7D1528461B87C9FAF1E82050A3E" italics="true">Syndyodosuchus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file