Add updates up until 2025-02-06 10:39:54
This commit is contained in:
parent
d806b9546b
commit
a24570bcec
|
|
@ -1,84 +1,87 @@
|
|||
<document id="5C2AE6A88DDDDA266EBA486D406063EB" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae150" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.metadata_approvedBy="diego" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch,operationResults" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1738157142302" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hendrickx, Christophe, Cerroni, Mauricio A., Agnolín, Federico L., Catalano, Santiago, Ribeiro, Cátia F. & Delcourt, Rafael" docDate="2024" docId="039F8939FFB3FFDF6AC216604D7E9A31" docLanguage="en" docName="zlae150.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (zlae 150) 202 (4)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae150" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C.10:ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleId="4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="10" docTitle="Noasaurus leali Bonaparte and Powell 1980" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="26" masterDocId="FFA6F141FFB8FFC66A6512054E2E9F7F" masterDocTitle="Osteology, relationship, and feeding ecology of the theropod dinosaur Noasaurus leali Bonaparte and Powell, 1980, from the Late Cretaceous of North-Western Argentina" masterLastPageNumber="51" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1738837776691" updateUser="diego">
|
||||
<mods:mods id="5239B907ACC276F33DD53E68C3F00B25" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo id="C46337FDD91D169CDF3BD6423741D2C2">
|
||||
<mods:title id="1751CE1676945A4EA52FFDA18218207D">Osteology, relationship, and feeding ecology of the theropod dinosaur Noasaurus leali Bonaparte and Powell, 1980, from the Late Cretaceous of North-Western Argentina</mods:title>
|
||||
<document id="B3661C2E82768EF92B43575C5C8B2916" ID-CLB-Dataset="308003" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae150" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8d37aa16-960c-4d39-9548-eed40d05970a" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14824224" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.metadata_approvedBy="diego" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch,operationResults" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1738157142302" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hendrickx, Christophe, Cerroni, Mauricio A., Agnolín, Federico L., Catalano, Santiago, Ribeiro, Cátia F. & Delcourt, Rafael" docDate="2024" docId="039F8939FFB3FFDF6AC216604D7E9A31" docLanguage="en" docName="zlae150.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (zlae 150) 202 (4)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae150" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C.10:ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleId="4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="10" docTitle="Noasaurus leali Bonaparte and Powell 1980" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="26" masterDocId="FFA6F141FFB8FFC66A6512054E2E9F7F" masterDocTitle="Osteology, relationship, and feeding ecology of the theropod dinosaur Noasaurus leali Bonaparte and Powell, 1980, from the Late Cretaceous of North-Western Argentina" masterLastPageNumber="51" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1738838390466" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||||
<mods:mods id="018EFB384DAFCB754ACCD4EB8691D4D8" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo id="64F50185F098A3E5DCA22A045A2831CA">
|
||||
<mods:title id="688F7FFF19B8F83CAB5DBDC580F5E8E7">Osteology, relationship, and feeding ecology of the theropod dinosaur Noasaurus leali Bonaparte and Powell, 1980, from the Late Cretaceous of North-Western Argentina</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name id="904D1205F7474866E837A87E86C578A1" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="DF27C826C073F22146E3794D1C8F79C5">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="8A041F084359671C7BD364D4C6C2C82E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
<mods:name id="DD2375168C8FB32295B85D9DD71DD14A" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="75B560D42AE090CD44668692301CD532">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="21A10BE229F0CC302C7DD1B2D915608F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="3B2E87CA432AA67558AB5ED54DF1BC4F">Hendrickx, Christophe</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="98A749CFB09440AE1E50830E35BF48D8">Dinosauria Lab, Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Tucumán, Argentina & Unidad Ejecutora Lillo, CONICET-Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Tucumán, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="D853BB592109D1D469F25C4D3AC704C1" type="email">christophendrickx@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="F0724CFE64EBCB7DF3613E4FAC65617B">Hendrickx, Christophe</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="A03597011C985D36F7B31CAD49195200">Dinosauria Lab, Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Tucumán, Argentina & Unidad Ejecutora Lillo, CONICET-Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Tucumán, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E436B391FFDB7C24DD816EC2CDA32424" type="email">christophendrickx@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="F6F1DAF2ECE6379A95A9A1911D878644" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="5343DFC46CFA6B49BAB8FF93005343C3">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="72173945A52C33D57AB54B1B87C1FFF7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
<mods:name id="A6DE09390170A56FF36A3BCB118E7248" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="CEBA9587C28C9916F8687C2313C67162">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="F2C2129E85BE8F51D054894C09FEFB9E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="DB1960D2E72D7869542CC701BE215EF0">Cerroni, Mauricio A.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="5193D2239D85D8338E79FEB873CCA1C8">CONICET-Laboratorio de Anatomía Comparada y Evolución de los Vertebrados, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘ Bernardino Rivadavia’, Av. Ángel Gallardo 470, C 1405 DJR Buenos Aires, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="4D6F3C16AA3104DD5A271B64937777C2">Cerroni, Mauricio A.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="61576ABBBB7463044D6E4BB1DEEA04E3">CONICET-Laboratorio de Anatomía Comparada y Evolución de los Vertebrados, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘ Bernardino Rivadavia’, Av. Ángel Gallardo 470, C 1405 DJR Buenos Aires, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="278B79B87C58505DB7F514CF777DAF08" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="0CE6EA99CABF255648AC4AC98AF97E1C">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="877EB71D548CF8F53B36F61769ADB46C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
<mods:name id="9293DCA9E1CF6DBD8FBABEE0D3A7EA36" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="2766948CE53FC10D1AC71280638ADD35">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="FED5EE37AD873E97DEB3F3A6C7B36D29">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="344D5A7ED9D2F31A54730C429014C2DC">Agnolín, Federico L.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="0D1E3B7F7E9926BA623EEE75B4061AD9">CONICET-Laboratorio de Anatomía Comparada y Evolución de los Vertebrados, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘ Bernardino Rivadavia’, Av. Ángel Gallardo 470, C 1405 DJR Buenos Aires, Argentina & Fundación de Historia Natural ‘ Félix de Azara’, Universidad Maimónides. Hidalgo 775 (CP C 1405 BDB), Buenos Aires, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="66C4383D9D28ABC945BDFA966B7325EB">Agnolín, Federico L.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="BD7B3EC1F8EE256C01A02BCFBE9DD4BD">CONICET-Laboratorio de Anatomía Comparada y Evolución de los Vertebrados, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘ Bernardino Rivadavia’, Av. Ángel Gallardo 470, C 1405 DJR Buenos Aires, Argentina & Fundación de Historia Natural ‘ Félix de Azara’, Universidad Maimónides. Hidalgo 775 (CP C 1405 BDB), Buenos Aires, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="316C7265D275E994F05022F907442234" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="1C5A26FC8510A901D1F439566EDB6569">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="C4E88D7CC1C1E28266422C29D33F2818">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
<mods:name id="80CFFADA73DAFA2106102FF8D435C283" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="6DFA4515C4903212959EB3937C903E7E">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="035BD5FB32834E925ACFC58532CCBD67">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="E0DDC37D79CD4B10ABF331E58E31DBD5">Catalano, Santiago</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="65FC104B99ECDC50111D140DC4CD3587">Unidad Ejecutora Lillo, CONICET-Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Tucumán, Argentina & Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, 4000 San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="64181E917E59411CC30F3AEC755D2BEF">Catalano, Santiago</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="B2EEAED1C47A6B648E8D26E6944F001D">Unidad Ejecutora Lillo, CONICET-Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Tucumán, Argentina & Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, 4000 San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="707E564C451F73336A58D29C2D579201" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="E8FAD553B415E795A4168FA759A71A98">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="9F19B802457D08E990477D7A2047A2C9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
<mods:name id="85B57BB2EA0533E5AE12028E8BAE018E" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="10FC54377E29D35B8AA6888663F442B8">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="B96AB52D788EB7D5FB9750EF76FB2D04">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="11CB489AA12AB819A97CCFA827A3884A">Ribeiro, Cátia F.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="C8E513E68CD36B05C4267DDFE7E1F70D">Museu da Lourinhã, 95 Rua João Luis de Moura, 2530 - 158, Lourinhã, Portugal</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="86DB344DA5F32AE3AAB64BD9F8FB109E">Ribeiro, Cátia F.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="95C08E6E8298F32154A6468E3FC72492">Museu da Lourinhã, 95 Rua João Luis de Moura, 2530 - 158, Lourinhã, Portugal</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="F753B31336D9C2626DB1FD79B139D311" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="183E6FA848617EDD2886F50A65F53209">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="5CDD76EF059E0EBDCB495371A058BF33">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
<mods:name id="306BEBE5ACC877017013DABE6E95469F" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="5BDDF51047A8BCBB345DD1E5BBB805C6">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="51E066FF39FF1E0E776BC31B796BA286">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="0BD9DC812031217608C52236EE279BEE">Delcourt, Rafael</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="66663DCDA4DF2AD48D6DE122A4904FE0">Laboratório de Paleontologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040 - 901, RibeirãoPreto, SP, Brazil & SNSB, Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, GeoBioCenter, Ludwig- Maximilians-University, Richard-Wagner-Strasse 10, D- 80333 München, Germany</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="6BEB585C536AC1A572A6BB8CD9C403E6">Delcourt, Rafael</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="479A00686D74712972D3C4E47B97B35E">Laboratório de Paleontologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040 - 901, RibeirãoPreto, SP, Brazil & SNSB, Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, GeoBioCenter, Ludwig- Maximilians-University, Richard-Wagner-Strasse 10, D- 80333 München, Germany</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource id="427D72BB9B1B83BE2E62376790A223BE">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||||
<mods:relatedItem id="4CEE59D5821BE2BE5D604CD57195D20D" type="host">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo id="D11E7895D4663ABB74042BD2BBA0D169">
|
||||
<mods:title id="F7B1DAB12034AA9F704923289B0E9C1E">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource id="63495362D1BF513CC26CEDD99BA7F3FA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||||
<mods:relatedItem id="7A595F870111A531D5F9494C388AF23B" type="host">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo id="3DFFD91158A758A6BD05C6EF19763AFE">
|
||||
<mods:title id="E57E469C1C2A80875A8CDAA6A75DA282">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part id="A87855960FF20CD06B393CE690CB4138">
|
||||
<mods:date id="9F5A176AF3C9E1C16A2485CA4ABA3B45">2024</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="CF1B333AFA01C4F429E40F078B670170" type="series">
|
||||
<mods:title id="E029AE31499F58362AF14A600DF307B3">zlae 150</mods:title>
|
||||
<mods:part id="E0EE1EA2B9AEF4D5EF77803A2A5C7AA0">
|
||||
<mods:date id="EFB1353877AC3CD2BE8A228FFE2FDDB8">2024</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="32A184AEAE3CFED77BE6A6F6FED8C2E6" type="series">
|
||||
<mods:title id="AA2E097DBC106042153C0F6B5B61F98C">zlae 150</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="74E86C099F8B94F994639EDB545DEB42" type="pubDate">
|
||||
<mods:number id="E00B3B00E428C0017B0EDA8E3773587F">2024-12-18</mods:number>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="7BB9EF7F09222DFCA722C209867271F6" type="pubDate">
|
||||
<mods:number id="1BDC6DE6E5B0EEB1ADD9074D052B9568">2024-12-18</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="25062A0F6C2DCFD7B965744AE111CFFA" type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number id="6DA646283D17F2BBCBCC6624927ED063">202</mods:number>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="C675399571A6343A3F193ED4CDBDA830" type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number id="7CA0346C83C6C1A0A66E5F3C894D2547">202</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="9B4AD5B8BAA404F2147AC81C3A0E1374" type="issue">
|
||||
<mods:number id="3D5F2BBE980834C38132386C64557C29">4</mods:number>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="F865450C6CF9BDF95F8404F0D91A3803" type="issue">
|
||||
<mods:number id="9FF9A4A7D2158BD12DBBF552877FE5A6">4</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent id="020F3616C4E7C56DCC4F8D37868B0CD4" unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start id="9D89637F00CB9C7A41A68E8739B94682">1</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end id="99149C41237F17C4CACC257D38763008">51</mods:end>
|
||||
<mods:extent id="C99DAFACD0B28210E873D1A492EB19DC" unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start id="2206DA9B562A627B8F919DA366141912">1</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end id="3FB18390F9E0F2DAD048A8200B29157A">51</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:location id="2986ED9C364003B883FB128C7EF2F66F">
|
||||
<mods:url id="76E7959627E4852BE17B600800FE22FC">https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae150</mods:url>
|
||||
<mods:location id="2061C83D1CA799D9A429692A28A84B94">
|
||||
<mods:url id="A6E18C2F0898D35E19571DD8BCB2C328">https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae150</mods:url>
|
||||
</mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:classification id="6EA6D5D2DC1E5C8880E3B58141B44791">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="5632734202E91FB085C75168440928D1" type="DOI">10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae150</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="D4083F17888E376F031C6B336E6F4DB7" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:classification id="2CBF885ACDA001693F05FD9D2A638B44">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="F5BEF40053A573797ED3C50839D10899" type="CLB-Dataset">308003</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="29789607E0489A75849B8B076A7A862A" type="DOI">10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae150</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="971666FC15546E14DD4AB906904B7DF2" type="GBIF-Dataset">8d37aa16-960c-4d39-9548-eed40d05970a</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="0A2A55CFEAC0EF7391FB3C8ED57A0376" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="1BB43F66C3F826E922676495314C0AE5" type="Zenodo-Dep">14824224</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="039F8939FFB3FFDF6AC216604D7E9A31" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039F8939FFB3FFDF6AC216604D7E9A31" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039F8939FFB3FFDF6AC216604D7E9A31" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<treatment id="039F8939FFB3FFDF6AC216604D7E9A31" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824228" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14824228" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039F8939FFB3FFDF6AC216604D7E9A31" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039F8939FFB3FFDF6AC216604D7E9A31" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C32C6BA4FFB3FFCD6AC216604CEA9B00" box="[167,708,1125,1152]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFB3FFCD6AC216604CEA9B00" blockId="11.[167,708,1125,1152]" box="[167,708,1125,1152]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B942E43DFFB3FFCD6AC216604CEA9B00" bold="true" box="[167,708,1125,1152]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
|
|
@ -126,7 +129,7 @@ translates to ‘reptile from north-western Argentina’.
|
|||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFB3FFCD6A1417DA4FAC994A" blockId="11.[113,762,1502,1589]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B942E43DFFB3FFCD6A1417DA4FBF9A89" box="[113,401,1502,1526]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Derivation of specific name:</emphasis>
|
||||
From the family name ‘Leal’ to honour lab technician and discoverer of the El Brete fossil site Juan Carlos Leal (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB3FFCD6B4D14184F5F994A" box="[296,369,1565,1589]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[113,178,1614,1638]" captionTargetBox="[149,1423,147,1581]" captionTargetId="figure-6@1.[146,1426,144,1587]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Historical research on Noasaurus leali. A, group picture of the fieldwork team on the 1975 expedition to the El Brete site from which the Noasaurus material was found. From left to right, lab technician Juan Carlos Leal, who discovered the fossil locality and to whom the species Noasaurus leali is dedicated, Ph.D. student Jaime Eduardo Powell, palaeontologist and leader of the team Prof.José Bonaparte, participant Tomás H. Fasola, an unknown man, and lab technician Martín Vince [from Abdala et al. (2022), modified; courtesy of Pablo Ortiz]; B, field camp at the base of the hill in 1975 and where the fossils were brought to the vehicles (Bonaparte 1996b); C, El Brete fossil site during the excavation of 1975 (Bonaparte 2007); D, Noasaurus material deposited and examined with a microscope at the palaeontological lab of the Museo Miguel Lillo around 1975–76 (La Universidad Trabaja 1976); E, plate and first illustration of the Noasaurus holotypic material (PVL 4061) by Bonaparte and Powell (1980) (modified). From the left half of the plate E: A, B, maxilla in lateral (A) and medial (B) views; C, quadrate in medial view; D, E, posterior cervical rib, originally misidentified as a squamosal, in lateral (D) and dorsal (E) views. From the right half of the plate E: A, B, second metatarsal in medial (A) and posterior (B) views; C, D, cervical vertebral arch in dorsal and lateral views; E, F, manual ungual, initially misinterpreted as a pedal ungual, in medial (E) and proximal (F) views. G, H, manual phalanx, initially misinterpreted as a pedal phalanx, in lateral (G) and ventral (H) views; I, J, mid-cervical rib in lateral (I) and medial (J) views." pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB3FFCD6B4D14184F5F994A" box="[296,369,1565,1589]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[113,178,1614,1638]" captionTargetBox="[149,1423,147,1581]" captionTargetId="figure-6@1.[146,1426,144,1587]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Historical research on Noasaurus leali. A, group picture of the fieldwork team on the 1975 expedition to the El Brete site from which the Noasaurus material was found. From left to right, lab technician Juan Carlos Leal, who discovered the fossil locality and to whom the species Noasaurus leali is dedicated, Ph.D. student Jaime Eduardo Powell, palaeontologist and leader of the team Prof.José Bonaparte, participant Tomás H. Fasola, an unknown man, and lab technician Martín Vince [from Abdala et al. (2022), modified; courtesy of Pablo Ortiz]; B, field camp at the base of the hill in 1975 and where the fossils were brought to the vehicles (Bonaparte 1996b); C, El Brete fossil site during the excavation of 1975 (Bonaparte 2007); D, Noasaurus material deposited and examined with a microscope at the palaeontological lab of the Museo Miguel Lillo around 1975–76 (La Universidad Trabaja 1976); E, plate and first illustration of the Noasaurus holotypic material (PVL 4061) by Bonaparte and Powell (1980) (modified). From the left half of the plate E: A, B, maxilla in lateral (A) and medial (B) views; C, quadrate in medial view; D, E, posterior cervical rib, originally misidentified as a squamosal, in lateral (D) and dorsal (E) views. From the right half of the plate E: A, B, second metatarsal in medial (A) and posterior (B) views; C, D, cervical vertebral arch in dorsal and lateral views; E, F, manual ungual, initially misinterpreted as a pedal ungual, in medial (E) and proximal (F) views. G, H, manual phalanx, initially misinterpreted as a pedal phalanx, in lateral (G) and ventral (H) views; I, J, mid-cervical rib in lateral (I) and medial (J) views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824226/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
@ -141,13 +144,13 @@ From the family name ‘Leal’ to honour lab technician and discoverer of the E
|
|||
, a left maxilla with five erupted crowns, a right quadrate, a mid-posterior cervical vertebral arch, a mid-cervical rib, a posterior cervical rib, an indeterminate postcervical vertebra, a manual phalanx of digit III, manual unguals possibly belonging to the left and right digit I, and a right metatarsal II
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB3FFCD6A1914FE4EE9986C" box="[124,199,1787,1811]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[113,178,1614,1638]" captionTargetBox="[149,1423,147,1581]" captionTargetId="figure-6@1.[146,1426,144,1587]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Historical research on Noasaurus leali. A, group picture of the fieldwork team on the 1975 expedition to the El Brete site from which the Noasaurus material was found. From left to right, lab technician Juan Carlos Leal, who discovered the fossil locality and to whom the species Noasaurus leali is dedicated, Ph.D. student Jaime Eduardo Powell, palaeontologist and leader of the team Prof.José Bonaparte, participant Tomás H. Fasola, an unknown man, and lab technician Martín Vince [from Abdala et al. (2022), modified; courtesy of Pablo Ortiz]; B, field camp at the base of the hill in 1975 and where the fossils were brought to the vehicles (Bonaparte 1996b); C, El Brete fossil site during the excavation of 1975 (Bonaparte 2007); D, Noasaurus material deposited and examined with a microscope at the palaeontological lab of the Museo Miguel Lillo around 1975–76 (La Universidad Trabaja 1976); E, plate and first illustration of the Noasaurus holotypic material (PVL 4061) by Bonaparte and Powell (1980) (modified). From the left half of the plate E: A, B, maxilla in lateral (A) and medial (B) views; C, quadrate in medial view; D, E, posterior cervical rib, originally misidentified as a squamosal, in lateral (D) and dorsal (E) views. From the right half of the plate E: A, B, second metatarsal in medial (A) and posterior (B) views; C, D, cervical vertebral arch in dorsal and lateral views; E, F, manual ungual, initially misinterpreted as a pedal ungual, in medial (E) and proximal (F) views. G, H, manual phalanx, initially misinterpreted as a pedal phalanx, in lateral (G) and ventral (H) views; I, J, mid-cervical rib in lateral (I) and medial (J) views." pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 1E</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB3FFCD6A1914FE4EE9986C" box="[124,199,1787,1811]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[113,178,1614,1638]" captionTargetBox="[149,1423,147,1581]" captionTargetId="figure-6@1.[146,1426,144,1587]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Historical research on Noasaurus leali. A, group picture of the fieldwork team on the 1975 expedition to the El Brete site from which the Noasaurus material was found. From left to right, lab technician Juan Carlos Leal, who discovered the fossil locality and to whom the species Noasaurus leali is dedicated, Ph.D. student Jaime Eduardo Powell, palaeontologist and leader of the team Prof.José Bonaparte, participant Tomás H. Fasola, an unknown man, and lab technician Martín Vince [from Abdala et al. (2022), modified; courtesy of Pablo Ortiz]; B, field camp at the base of the hill in 1975 and where the fossils were brought to the vehicles (Bonaparte 1996b); C, El Brete fossil site during the excavation of 1975 (Bonaparte 2007); D, Noasaurus material deposited and examined with a microscope at the palaeontological lab of the Museo Miguel Lillo around 1975–76 (La Universidad Trabaja 1976); E, plate and first illustration of the Noasaurus holotypic material (PVL 4061) by Bonaparte and Powell (1980) (modified). From the left half of the plate E: A, B, maxilla in lateral (A) and medial (B) views; C, quadrate in medial view; D, E, posterior cervical rib, originally misidentified as a squamosal, in lateral (D) and dorsal (E) views. From the right half of the plate E: A, B, second metatarsal in medial (A) and posterior (B) views; C, D, cervical vertebral arch in dorsal and lateral views; E, F, manual ungual, initially misinterpreted as a pedal ungual, in medial (E) and proximal (F) views. G, H, manual phalanx, initially misinterpreted as a pedal phalanx, in lateral (G) and ventral (H) views; I, J, mid-cervical rib in lateral (I) and medial (J) views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824226/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 1E</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB3FFCD6AB714FE4F22986C" box="[210,268,1787,1811]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[113,178,1704,1728]" captionTargetBox="[148,1424,146,1672]" captionTargetId="figure-6@7.[146,1426,144,1676]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Preserved material and tentative reconstruction of Noasaurus leali. A, B, size estimation and position of the holotypic cranial and postcranial elements of Noasaurus leali (black silhouette with preserved material in white from Jaime A. Headden; used with permission; modified); C, skeletal reconstruction of Noasaurus leali in lateral view based on a reconstruction of Masiakasaurus knopfleri from Scott Hartman (used with permission; modified).Abbreviations:cva, cervical vertebral arch; ipc, indeterminate postcervical centrum; q, quadrate; m, maxilla; mcr, mid cervical rib; mpIII.1, first manual phalanx of digit III; mtII, metatarsal of digit II; muI?, manual ungual possibly from digit I; pcr, posterior cervical rib." pageId="11" pageNumber="12">3A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB3FFCD6AB714FE4F22986C" box="[210,268,1787,1811]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[113,178,1704,1728]" captionTargetBox="[148,1424,146,1672]" captionTargetId="figure-6@7.[146,1426,144,1676]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Preserved material and tentative reconstruction of Noasaurus leali. A, B, size estimation and position of the holotypic cranial and postcranial elements of Noasaurus leali (black silhouette with preserved material in white from Jaime A. Headden; used with permission; modified); C, skeletal reconstruction of Noasaurus leali in lateral view based on a reconstruction of Masiakasaurus knopfleri from Scott Hartman (used with permission; modified).Abbreviations:cva, cervical vertebral arch; ipc, indeterminate postcervical centrum; q, quadrate; m, maxilla; mcr, mid cervical rib; mpIII.1, first manual phalanx of digit III; mtII, metatarsal of digit II; muI?, manual ungual possibly from digit I; pcr, posterior cervical rib." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824232" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824232/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">3A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C6B40D94FFB3FFCD6B7D14FE4F42986C" box="[280,364,1787,1811]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="8.[130,185,143,167]" captionTargetBox="[129,776,245,1950]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Table 2.Selected measurements on the cranial and postcranial material of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Additional measurements are provided in the Supporting Information, S2.1." pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tables 2</tableCitation>
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C6B40D94FFB3FFCD6B7D14FE4F42986C" box="[280,364,1787,1811]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="8.[130,185,143,167]" captionTargetBox="[129,776,245,1950]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Table 2.Selected measurements on the cranial and postcranial material of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Additional measurements are provided in the Supporting Information, S2.1." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4968A7FFB0FFCE6AE7128A4C7D9FA1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" tableUuid="DF4968A7FFB0FFCE6AE7128A4C7D9FA1">Tables 2</tableCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C6B40D94FFB3FFCD6B1214FE4FAA986C" box="[375,388,1787,1811]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="9.[113,168,143,167]" captionTargetBox="[113,662,361,1468]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Table 3. Measurements and ratio variables in the maxillary dentition of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Data partly taken from Hendrickx et al. (2015c). Abbreviations:CBL, crown base length; CBR, crown base ratio; CBW, crown base width; CH, crown height; CHR, crown height ratio; DC, distocentral denticle density; de/5 mm, denticles per 5 mm; MC, mesiocentral denticle density; MCR, mid-crown ratio." pageId="11" pageNumber="12">3</tableCitation>
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C6B40D94FFB3FFCD6B1214FE4FAA986C" box="[375,388,1787,1811]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="9.[113,168,143,167]" captionTargetBox="[113,662,361,1468]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Table 3. Measurements and ratio variables in the maxillary dentition of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Data partly taken from Hendrickx et al. (2015c). Abbreviations:CBL, crown base length; CBR, crown base ratio; CBW, crown base width; CH, crown height; CHR, crown height ratio; DC, distocentral denticle density; de/5 mm, denticles per 5 mm; MC, mesiocentral denticle density; MCR, mid-crown ratio." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4968A7FFB1FFCF6A14128A4E8D9E30" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" tableUuid="DF4968A7FFB1FFCF6A14128A4E8D9E30">3</tableCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFB3FFCD6A1415304DD69FB8" blockId="11.[112,763,1845,1963]" lastBlockId="11.[810,1459,144,199]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
|
|
@ -160,7 +163,7 @@ From the family name ‘Leal’ to honour lab technician and discoverer of the E
|
|||
, Northeastern
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F32178BFFFB3FFCD686315514C459813" box="[518,619,1876,1900]" name="Argentina" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB3FFCD681A15514CC99814" box="[639,743,1876,1900]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[113,178,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,1059,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-529@5.[146,1426,1059,1834]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Geographical and stratigraphical distributions of Noasaurus leali. A, Salta Province in Northern Argentina (map of Argentina courtesy of Stephanie Abramowicz, Dinosaur Institute, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County; modified); B, location of the El Brete fossil site 2.6 km north to the El Brete Estancia and 1.55 km west to the Clavizán River (from Chiappe 1993; modified); C, sedimentological log illustrating the stratigraphic occurrence of Noasaurus and other plant, invertebrate and dinosaur fossils within the Maastrichtian Lecho Formation and Maastrichtian–Danian Yacoraite Formation of the Balbuena Subgroup, Salta Group (log from Bonaparte et al. 1977; modified)." pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 2A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB3FFCD681A15514CC99814" box="[639,743,1876,1900]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[113,178,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,1059,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-529@5.[146,1426,1059,1834]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Geographical and stratigraphical distributions of Noasaurus leali. A, Salta Province in Northern Argentina (map of Argentina courtesy of Stephanie Abramowicz, Dinosaur Institute, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County; modified); B, location of the El Brete fossil site 2.6 km north to the El Brete Estancia and 1.55 km west to the Clavizán River (from Chiappe 1993; modified); C, sedimentological log illustrating the stratigraphic occurrence of Noasaurus and other plant, invertebrate and dinosaur fossils within the Maastrichtian Lecho Formation and Maastrichtian–Danian Yacoraite Formation of the Balbuena Subgroup, Salta Group (log from Bonaparte et al. 1977; modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824230/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 2A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
);
|
||||
<geologicalTimeScale id="F916B884FFB3FFCD6A1415764FD098D4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Lecho Formation, Balbuena Subgroup, Salta Group; early or mid Maastrichtian, Upper Cretaceous</geologicalTimeScale>
|
||||
(
|
||||
|
|
@ -184,7 +187,7 @@ Marquillas
|
|||
2022
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB3FFCD69FB12AA4DC69FB8" box="[926,1000,175,199]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[113,178,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,1059,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-529@5.[146,1426,1059,1834]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Geographical and stratigraphical distributions of Noasaurus leali. A, Salta Province in Northern Argentina (map of Argentina courtesy of Stephanie Abramowicz, Dinosaur Institute, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County; modified); B, location of the El Brete fossil site 2.6 km north to the El Brete Estancia and 1.55 km west to the Clavizán River (from Chiappe 1993; modified); C, sedimentological log illustrating the stratigraphic occurrence of Noasaurus and other plant, invertebrate and dinosaur fossils within the Maastrichtian Lecho Formation and Maastrichtian–Danian Yacoraite Formation of the Balbuena Subgroup, Salta Group (log from Bonaparte et al. 1977; modified)." pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB3FFCD69FB12AA4DC69FB8" box="[926,1000,175,199]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[113,178,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,1059,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-529@5.[146,1426,1059,1834]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Geographical and stratigraphical distributions of Noasaurus leali. A, Salta Province in Northern Argentina (map of Argentina courtesy of Stephanie Abramowicz, Dinosaur Institute, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County; modified); B, location of the El Brete fossil site 2.6 km north to the El Brete Estancia and 1.55 km west to the Clavizán River (from Chiappe 1993; modified); C, sedimentological log illustrating the stratigraphic occurrence of Noasaurus and other plant, invertebrate and dinosaur fossils within the Maastrichtian Lecho Formation and Maastrichtian–Danian Yacoraite Formation of the Balbuena Subgroup, Salta Group (log from Bonaparte et al. 1977; modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824230/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
@ -276,7 +279,7 @@ using the proximodistal height (
|
|||
probably ranged between 1.7 and
|
||||
<quantity id="4CCE95CAFFB3FFCD6E34174E4A569A1C" box="[1105,1144,1355,1379]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB3FFCD6EE2174E4AC09A1C" box="[1159,1262,1355,1379]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[113,178,1704,1728]" captionTargetBox="[148,1424,146,1672]" captionTargetId="figure-6@7.[146,1426,144,1676]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Preserved material and tentative reconstruction of Noasaurus leali. A, B, size estimation and position of the holotypic cranial and postcranial elements of Noasaurus leali (black silhouette with preserved material in white from Jaime A. Headden; used with permission; modified); C, skeletal reconstruction of Noasaurus leali in lateral view based on a reconstruction of Masiakasaurus knopfleri from Scott Hartman (used with permission; modified).Abbreviations:cva, cervical vertebral arch; ipc, indeterminate postcervical centrum; q, quadrate; m, maxilla; mcr, mid cervical rib; mpIII.1, first manual phalanx of digit III; mtII, metatarsal of digit II; muI?, manual ungual possibly from digit I; pcr, posterior cervical rib." pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3A, C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB3FFCD6EE2174E4AC09A1C" box="[1159,1262,1355,1379]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[113,178,1704,1728]" captionTargetBox="[148,1424,146,1672]" captionTargetId="figure-6@7.[146,1426,144,1676]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Preserved material and tentative reconstruction of Noasaurus leali. A, B, size estimation and position of the holotypic cranial and postcranial elements of Noasaurus leali (black silhouette with preserved material in white from Jaime A. Headden; used with permission; modified); C, skeletal reconstruction of Noasaurus leali in lateral view based on a reconstruction of Masiakasaurus knopfleri from Scott Hartman (used with permission; modified).Abbreviations:cva, cervical vertebral arch; ipc, indeterminate postcervical centrum; q, quadrate; m, maxilla; mcr, mid cervical rib; mpIII.1, first manual phalanx of digit III; mtII, metatarsal of digit II; muI?, manual ungual possibly from digit I; pcr, posterior cervical rib." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824232" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824232/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3A, C</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFB3FFCD6920176E4A4C99C4" blockId="11.[809,1460,791,1724]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
|
|
@ -339,17 +342,17 @@ The cranial elements of
|
|||
<emphasis id="B942E43DFFB3FFCD6E5315764AB198F5" box="[1078,1183,1907,1930]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Noasaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
include a fairly complete left maxilla preserving five partially to almost complete erupted teeth, as well as a relatively complete right quadrate (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB4FFCA68FE12954D2A9FD8" box="[667,772,144,168]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[113,178,1704,1728]" captionTargetBox="[148,1424,146,1672]" captionTargetId="figure-6@7.[146,1426,144,1676]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Preserved material and tentative reconstruction of Noasaurus leali. A, B, size estimation and position of the holotypic cranial and postcranial elements of Noasaurus leali (black silhouette with preserved material in white from Jaime A. Headden; used with permission; modified); C, skeletal reconstruction of Noasaurus leali in lateral view based on a reconstruction of Masiakasaurus knopfleri from Scott Hartman (used with permission; modified).Abbreviations:cva, cervical vertebral arch; ipc, indeterminate postcervical centrum; q, quadrate; m, maxilla; mcr, mid cervical rib; mpIII.1, first manual phalanx of digit III; mtII, metatarsal of digit II; muI?, manual ungual possibly from digit I; pcr, posterior cervical rib." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs 3A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB4FFCA68FE12954D2A9FD8" box="[667,772,144,168]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[113,178,1704,1728]" captionTargetBox="[148,1424,146,1672]" captionTargetId="figure-6@7.[146,1426,144,1676]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Preserved material and tentative reconstruction of Noasaurus leali. A, B, size estimation and position of the holotypic cranial and postcranial elements of Noasaurus leali (black silhouette with preserved material in white from Jaime A. Headden; used with permission; modified); C, skeletal reconstruction of Noasaurus leali in lateral view based on a reconstruction of Masiakasaurus knopfleri from Scott Hartman (used with permission; modified).Abbreviations:cva, cervical vertebral arch; ipc, indeterminate postcervical centrum; q, quadrate; m, maxilla; mcr, mid cervical rib; mpIII.1, first manual phalanx of digit III; mtII, metatarsal of digit II; muI?, manual ungual possibly from digit I; pcr, posterior cervical rib." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824232" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824232/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs 3A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB4FFCA6AE412AA4E859FB8" box="[129,171,175,199]" captionStart-0="Figure 4" captionStart-1="Figure 5" captionStart-2="Figure 6" captionStartId-0="12.[129,194,1758,1782]" captionStartId-1="14.[129,194,1870,1894]" captionStartId-2="16.[128,193,1786,1810]" captionTargetBox-0="[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetBox-1="[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetBox-2="[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetId-0="figure-476@12.[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetId-1="figure-825@14.[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetId-2="figure-287@16.[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetPageId-0="12" captionTargetPageId-1="14" captionTargetPageId-2="16" captionText-0="Figure 4. Maxilla of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; and F, posterior views; with F–J, close-up on G, the anterior surface of the maxilla in anterolateral view; H, the maxillary fossa in posterolateral view; I, the maxillary fossa and ascending process in lateral view; J, the anteromedial process in ventromedial view. Abbreviations: amb, anteromedial process; anr, anterior ramus; aof, antorbital fenestra; aor, antorbital ridge; asr, ascending ramus; av12, 12th maxillary alveolus; av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; idw, interdental wall; juc, jugal contact; lac, lacrimal contact; laof, lateral antorbital fossa; maf, maxillary alveolar foramina; mcf, maxillary circumfenestra foramina; mew, medial wall; mfo, maxillary fossa; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; nac, nasal contact; nug, nutrient groove; pac, palatine contact; pmc, premaxilla contact; ri, ridge.Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D), 1 cm (E–G), and 5 mm (H, J)." captionText-1="Figure 5. Quadrate of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right quadrate in: A, anterior; B, lateral; C, posterior; D, medial; E, dorsal; F–G, ventral views; with F, tentative reconstruction of the mandibular articulation. Abbreviations: ecc, ectocondyle; enc, entocondyle; ics, intercondylar sulcus; lpq, lateral process, qh, quadrate head; qr, quadrate ridge; pfl, pterygoid flange; vsh, ventral shelf. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (E–G)." captionText-2="Figure 6. Maxillary dentition of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). A, maxillary teeth in medial view; B, posterior; C, anterior maxillary teeth in ventral view; close-up on the E, F, first; G, H, third; I, J, eighth; K, M; 10th maxillary teeth in labial (E, G, I, K), lingual (F, H, J, L), and apicolabial (M) views; O, P, close-up on the detached first maxillary crown in N, distal; O, apical; and P, mesiolingual views; Q, R, close-up on the distocentral denticles of the Q, first; and R, third maxillary crowns in labial views; S, close-up on the mesiocentral denticles of the third maxillary crown in lingual view. Abbreviations: av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; dca, distal carina; mca, mesial carina; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; mx12, 12th maxillary tooth; sps, spalled surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A–C), and 1 mm (D–R), 0.5 mm (S)." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">4–6</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB4FFCA6AE412AA4E859FB8" box="[129,171,175,199]" captionStart-0="Figure 4" captionStart-1="Figure 5" captionStart-2="Figure 6" captionStartId-0="12.[129,194,1758,1782]" captionStartId-1="14.[129,194,1870,1894]" captionStartId-2="16.[128,193,1786,1810]" captionTargetBox-0="[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetBox-1="[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetBox-2="[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetId-0="figure-476@12.[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetId-1="figure-825@14.[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetId-2="figure-287@16.[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetPageId-0="12" captionTargetPageId-1="14" captionTargetPageId-2="16" captionText-0="Figure 4. Maxilla of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; and F, posterior views; with F–J, close-up on G, the anterior surface of the maxilla in anterolateral view; H, the maxillary fossa in posterolateral view; I, the maxillary fossa and ascending process in lateral view; J, the anteromedial process in ventromedial view. Abbreviations: amb, anteromedial process; anr, anterior ramus; aof, antorbital fenestra; aor, antorbital ridge; asr, ascending ramus; av12, 12th maxillary alveolus; av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; idw, interdental wall; juc, jugal contact; lac, lacrimal contact; laof, lateral antorbital fossa; maf, maxillary alveolar foramina; mcf, maxillary circumfenestra foramina; mew, medial wall; mfo, maxillary fossa; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; nac, nasal contact; nug, nutrient groove; pac, palatine contact; pmc, premaxilla contact; ri, ridge.Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D), 1 cm (E–G), and 5 mm (H, J)." captionText-1="Figure 5. Quadrate of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right quadrate in: A, anterior; B, lateral; C, posterior; D, medial; E, dorsal; F–G, ventral views; with F, tentative reconstruction of the mandibular articulation. Abbreviations: ecc, ectocondyle; enc, entocondyle; ics, intercondylar sulcus; lpq, lateral process, qh, quadrate head; qr, quadrate ridge; pfl, pterygoid flange; vsh, ventral shelf. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (E–G)." captionText-2="Figure 6. Maxillary dentition of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). A, maxillary teeth in medial view; B, posterior; C, anterior maxillary teeth in ventral view; close-up on the E, F, first; G, H, third; I, J, eighth; K, M; 10th maxillary teeth in labial (E, G, I, K), lingual (F, H, J, L), and apicolabial (M) views; O, P, close-up on the detached first maxillary crown in N, distal; O, apical; and P, mesiolingual views; Q, R, close-up on the distocentral denticles of the Q, first; and R, third maxillary crowns in labial views; S, close-up on the mesiocentral denticles of the third maxillary crown in lingual view. Abbreviations: av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; dca, distal carina; mca, mesial carina; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; mx12, 12th maxillary tooth; sps, spalled surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A–C), and 1 mm (D–R), 0.5 mm (S)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824234" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824238" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824240" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14824234/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14824238/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/14824240/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">4–6</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C6B40D94FFB4FFCA6ADD12AA4F209FB8" box="[184,270,175,199]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="8.[130,185,143,167]" captionTargetBox="[129,776,245,1950]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Table 2.Selected measurements on the cranial and postcranial material of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Additional measurements are provided in the Supporting Information, S2.1." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tables 2</tableCitation>
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C6B40D94FFB4FFCA6ADD12AA4F209FB8" box="[184,270,175,199]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="8.[130,185,143,167]" captionTargetBox="[129,776,245,1950]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Table 2.Selected measurements on the cranial and postcranial material of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Additional measurements are provided in the Supporting Information, S2.1." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4968A7FFB0FFCE6AE7128A4C7D9FA1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" tableUuid="DF4968A7FFB0FFCE6AE7128A4C7D9FA1">Tables 2</tableCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C6B40D94FFB4FFCA6B7912AA4F079FB8" box="[284,297,175,199]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="9.[113,168,143,167]" captionTargetBox="[113,662,361,1468]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Table 3. Measurements and ratio variables in the maxillary dentition of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Data partly taken from Hendrickx et al. (2015c). Abbreviations:CBL, crown base length; CBR, crown base ratio; CBW, crown base width; CH, crown height; CHR, crown height ratio; DC, distocentral denticle density; de/5 mm, denticles per 5 mm; MC, mesiocentral denticle density; MCR, mid-crown ratio." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">3</tableCitation>
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C6B40D94FFB4FFCA6B7912AA4F079FB8" box="[284,297,175,199]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="9.[113,168,143,167]" captionTargetBox="[113,662,361,1468]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Table 3. Measurements and ratio variables in the maxillary dentition of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Data partly taken from Hendrickx et al. (2015c). Abbreviations:CBL, crown base length; CBR, crown base ratio; CBW, crown base width; CH, crown height; CHR, crown height ratio; DC, distocentral denticle density; de/5 mm, denticles per 5 mm; MC, mesiocentral denticle density; MCR, mid-crown ratio." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4968A7FFB1FFCF6A14128A4E8D9E30" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" tableUuid="DF4968A7FFB1FFCF6A14128A4E8D9E30">3</tableCitation>
|
||||
). The squamosal described by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA745DEFFB4FFCA681412B54F269F98" author="Bonaparte JF & Powell JE" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="19 - 28" refId="ref40849" refString="Bonaparte JF, Powell JE. A continental assemblage of tetrapods from the Upper Cretaceous beds of El Brete, northwestern Argentina (Sauropoda-Coelurosauria-Carnosauria-Aves). Memoires de la Societe Geologique de France, Nouvelle Serie 1980; 139: 19 - 28." type="journal article" year="1980">Bonaparte and Powell (1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: fig. 7D, E;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB4FFCA6B1E12CA4FEF9F98" box="[379,449,207,231]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[113,178,1614,1638]" captionTargetBox="[149,1423,147,1581]" captionTargetId="figure-6@1.[146,1426,144,1587]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Historical research on Noasaurus leali. A, group picture of the fieldwork team on the 1975 expedition to the El Brete site from which the Noasaurus material was found. From left to right, lab technician Juan Carlos Leal, who discovered the fossil locality and to whom the species Noasaurus leali is dedicated, Ph.D. student Jaime Eduardo Powell, palaeontologist and leader of the team Prof.José Bonaparte, participant Tomás H. Fasola, an unknown man, and lab technician Martín Vince [from Abdala et al. (2022), modified; courtesy of Pablo Ortiz]; B, field camp at the base of the hill in 1975 and where the fossils were brought to the vehicles (Bonaparte 1996b); C, El Brete fossil site during the excavation of 1975 (Bonaparte 2007); D, Noasaurus material deposited and examined with a microscope at the palaeontological lab of the Museo Miguel Lillo around 1975–76 (La Universidad Trabaja 1976); E, plate and first illustration of the Noasaurus holotypic material (PVL 4061) by Bonaparte and Powell (1980) (modified). From the left half of the plate E: A, B, maxilla in lateral (A) and medial (B) views; C, quadrate in medial view; D, E, posterior cervical rib, originally misidentified as a squamosal, in lateral (D) and dorsal (E) views. From the right half of the plate E: A, B, second metatarsal in medial (A) and posterior (B) views; C, D, cervical vertebral arch in dorsal and lateral views; E, F, manual ungual, initially misinterpreted as a pedal ungual, in medial (E) and proximal (F) views. G, H, manual phalanx, initially misinterpreted as a pedal phalanx, in lateral (G) and ventral (H) views; I, J, mid-cervical rib in lateral (I) and medial (J) views." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB4FFCA6B1E12CA4FEF9F98" box="[379,449,207,231]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[113,178,1614,1638]" captionTargetBox="[149,1423,147,1581]" captionTargetId="figure-6@1.[146,1426,144,1587]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Historical research on Noasaurus leali. A, group picture of the fieldwork team on the 1975 expedition to the El Brete site from which the Noasaurus material was found. From left to right, lab technician Juan Carlos Leal, who discovered the fossil locality and to whom the species Noasaurus leali is dedicated, Ph.D. student Jaime Eduardo Powell, palaeontologist and leader of the team Prof.José Bonaparte, participant Tomás H. Fasola, an unknown man, and lab technician Martín Vince [from Abdala et al. (2022), modified; courtesy of Pablo Ortiz]; B, field camp at the base of the hill in 1975 and where the fossils were brought to the vehicles (Bonaparte 1996b); C, El Brete fossil site during the excavation of 1975 (Bonaparte 2007); D, Noasaurus material deposited and examined with a microscope at the palaeontological lab of the Museo Miguel Lillo around 1975–76 (La Universidad Trabaja 1976); E, plate and first illustration of the Noasaurus holotypic material (PVL 4061) by Bonaparte and Powell (1980) (modified). From the left half of the plate E: A, B, maxilla in lateral (A) and medial (B) views; C, quadrate in medial view; D, E, posterior cervical rib, originally misidentified as a squamosal, in lateral (D) and dorsal (E) views. From the right half of the plate E: A, B, second metatarsal in medial (A) and posterior (B) views; C, D, cervical vertebral arch in dorsal and lateral views; E, F, manual ungual, initially misinterpreted as a pedal ungual, in medial (E) and proximal (F) views. G, H, manual phalanx, initially misinterpreted as a pedal phalanx, in lateral (G) and ventral (H) views; I, J, mid-cervical rib in lateral (I) and medial (J) views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824226/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) was later identified as a cervical rib by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA745DEFFB4FFCA6AA712EB4F7C9E79" author="Novas FE" box="[194,338,238,262]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref46242" refString="Novas FE. Los dinosaurios carnivoros de la Argentina. Unpublished Ph. D. Thesis, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 1989." type="book" year="1989">Novas (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
in his Ph.D. dissertation (
|
||||
|
|
@ -361,9 +364,9 @@ in his Ph.D. dissertation (
|
|||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFB4FFCA6AE413694B0C9F99" blockId="12.[127,779,325,826]" lastBlockId="12.[824,1476,144,826]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
Most of the left maxilla is undistorted and only the posterior extremity of the jugal ramus is out of place (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB4FFCA684B138E4C499EDC" box="[558,615,395,419]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-476@12.[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Maxilla of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; and F, posterior views; with F–J, close-up on G, the anterior surface of the maxilla in anterolateral view; H, the maxillary fossa in posterolateral view; I, the maxillary fossa and ascending process in lateral view; J, the anteromedial process in ventromedial view. Abbreviations: amb, anteromedial process; anr, anterior ramus; aof, antorbital fenestra; aor, antorbital ridge; asr, ascending ramus; av12, 12th maxillary alveolus; av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; idw, interdental wall; juc, jugal contact; lac, lacrimal contact; laof, lateral antorbital fossa; maf, maxillary alveolar foramina; mcf, maxillary circumfenestra foramina; mew, medial wall; mfo, maxillary fossa; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; nac, nasal contact; nug, nutrient groove; pac, palatine contact; pmc, premaxilla contact; ri, ridge.Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D), 1 cm (E–G), and 5 mm (H, J)." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB4FFCA684B138E4C499EDC" box="[558,615,395,419]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-476@12.[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Maxilla of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; and F, posterior views; with F–J, close-up on G, the anterior surface of the maxilla in anterolateral view; H, the maxillary fossa in posterolateral view; I, the maxillary fossa and ascending process in lateral view; J, the anteromedial process in ventromedial view. Abbreviations: amb, anteromedial process; anr, anterior ramus; aof, antorbital fenestra; aor, antorbital ridge; asr, ascending ramus; av12, 12th maxillary alveolus; av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; idw, interdental wall; juc, jugal contact; lac, lacrimal contact; laof, lateral antorbital fossa; maf, maxillary alveolar foramina; mcf, maxillary circumfenestra foramina; mew, medial wall; mfo, maxillary fossa; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; nac, nasal contact; nug, nutrient groove; pac, palatine contact; pmc, premaxilla contact; ri, ridge.Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D), 1 cm (E–G), and 5 mm (H, J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824234/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Multiple fractures are, however, present throughout the bone, the two main ones crossing the middle parts of the ascending and jugal rami horizontally and vertically, respectively. A small piece of bone directly ventral to the ascending ramus was also glued back. The maxilla has been damaged since 2012 (when it was examined the first time by one of us), with an additional fracture at the base of the ascending ramus, while the first maxillary tooth is now loose and kept separately (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB4FFCA6B3C10804FEE9DE2" box="[345,448,645,669]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="16.[128,193,1786,1810]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-287@16.[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 6. Maxillary dentition of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). A, maxillary teeth in medial view; B, posterior; C, anterior maxillary teeth in ventral view; close-up on the E, F, first; G, H, third; I, J, eighth; K, M; 10th maxillary teeth in labial (E, G, I, K), lingual (F, H, J, L), and apicolabial (M) views; O, P, close-up on the detached first maxillary crown in N, distal; O, apical; and P, mesiolingual views; Q, R, close-up on the distocentral denticles of the Q, first; and R, third maxillary crowns in labial views; S, close-up on the mesiocentral denticles of the third maxillary crown in lingual view. Abbreviations: av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; dca, distal carina; mca, mesial carina; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; mx12, 12th maxillary tooth; sps, spalled surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A–C), and 1 mm (D–R), 0.5 mm (S)." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 6O, P</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB4FFCA6B3C10804FEE9DE2" box="[345,448,645,669]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="16.[128,193,1786,1810]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-287@16.[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 6. Maxillary dentition of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). A, maxillary teeth in medial view; B, posterior; C, anterior maxillary teeth in ventral view; close-up on the E, F, first; G, H, third; I, J, eighth; K, M; 10th maxillary teeth in labial (E, G, I, K), lingual (F, H, J, L), and apicolabial (M) views; O, P, close-up on the detached first maxillary crown in N, distal; O, apical; and P, mesiolingual views; Q, R, close-up on the distocentral denticles of the Q, first; and R, third maxillary crowns in labial views; S, close-up on the mesiocentral denticles of the third maxillary crown in lingual view. Abbreviations: av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; dca, distal carina; mca, mesial carina; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; mx12, 12th maxillary tooth; sps, spalled surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A–C), and 1 mm (D–R), 0.5 mm (S)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824240/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 6O, P</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The distalmost portion of the ascending ramus illustrated by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA745DEFFB4FFCA6BA410A04CDA9DC2" author="Bonaparte JF & Powell JE" box="[449,756,677,701]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="19 - 28" refId="ref40849" refString="Bonaparte JF, Powell JE. A continental assemblage of tetrapods from the Upper Cretaceous beds of El Brete, northwestern Argentina (Sauropoda-Coelurosauria-Carnosauria-Aves). Memoires de la Societe Geologique de France, Nouvelle Serie 1980; 139: 19 - 28." type="journal article" year="1980">Bonaparte and Powell (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
is also missing and most likely lost. A photo of the maxilla provided by
|
||||
|
|
@ -375,32 +378,32 @@ shows that this portion of the ascending ramus was already missing before 2007.
|
|||
material published by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA745DEFFB4FFCA682F11274D2A9C45" author="Bonaparte JF" box="[586,772,802,826]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref40799" refString="Bonaparte JF. Dinosaurios y Pterosaurios de America del Sur. Ed. Albatros, Buenos Aires, 2007." type="book" year="2007">Bonaparte (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, as well as a movie showing some of the specimens shortly after their preparation (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB4FFCA699312AA4A6C9FB8" box="[1014,1090,175,199]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[113,178,1614,1638]" captionTargetBox="[149,1423,147,1581]" captionTargetId="figure-6@1.[146,1426,144,1587]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Historical research on Noasaurus leali. A, group picture of the fieldwork team on the 1975 expedition to the El Brete site from which the Noasaurus material was found. From left to right, lab technician Juan Carlos Leal, who discovered the fossil locality and to whom the species Noasaurus leali is dedicated, Ph.D. student Jaime Eduardo Powell, palaeontologist and leader of the team Prof.José Bonaparte, participant Tomás H. Fasola, an unknown man, and lab technician Martín Vince [from Abdala et al. (2022), modified; courtesy of Pablo Ortiz]; B, field camp at the base of the hill in 1975 and where the fossils were brought to the vehicles (Bonaparte 1996b); C, El Brete fossil site during the excavation of 1975 (Bonaparte 2007); D, Noasaurus material deposited and examined with a microscope at the palaeontological lab of the Museo Miguel Lillo around 1975–76 (La Universidad Trabaja 1976); E, plate and first illustration of the Noasaurus holotypic material (PVL 4061) by Bonaparte and Powell (1980) (modified). From the left half of the plate E: A, B, maxilla in lateral (A) and medial (B) views; C, quadrate in medial view; D, E, posterior cervical rib, originally misidentified as a squamosal, in lateral (D) and dorsal (E) views. From the right half of the plate E: A, B, second metatarsal in medial (A) and posterior (B) views; C, D, cervical vertebral arch in dorsal and lateral views; E, F, manual ungual, initially misinterpreted as a pedal ungual, in medial (E) and proximal (F) views. G, H, manual phalanx, initially misinterpreted as a pedal phalanx, in lateral (G) and ventral (H) views; I, J, mid-cervical rib in lateral (I) and medial (J) views." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB4FFCA699312AA4A6C9FB8" box="[1014,1090,175,199]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[113,178,1614,1638]" captionTargetBox="[149,1423,147,1581]" captionTargetId="figure-6@1.[146,1426,144,1587]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Historical research on Noasaurus leali. A, group picture of the fieldwork team on the 1975 expedition to the El Brete site from which the Noasaurus material was found. From left to right, lab technician Juan Carlos Leal, who discovered the fossil locality and to whom the species Noasaurus leali is dedicated, Ph.D. student Jaime Eduardo Powell, palaeontologist and leader of the team Prof.José Bonaparte, participant Tomás H. Fasola, an unknown man, and lab technician Martín Vince [from Abdala et al. (2022), modified; courtesy of Pablo Ortiz]; B, field camp at the base of the hill in 1975 and where the fossils were brought to the vehicles (Bonaparte 1996b); C, El Brete fossil site during the excavation of 1975 (Bonaparte 2007); D, Noasaurus material deposited and examined with a microscope at the palaeontological lab of the Museo Miguel Lillo around 1975–76 (La Universidad Trabaja 1976); E, plate and first illustration of the Noasaurus holotypic material (PVL 4061) by Bonaparte and Powell (1980) (modified). From the left half of the plate E: A, B, maxilla in lateral (A) and medial (B) views; C, quadrate in medial view; D, E, posterior cervical rib, originally misidentified as a squamosal, in lateral (D) and dorsal (E) views. From the right half of the plate E: A, B, second metatarsal in medial (A) and posterior (B) views; C, D, cervical vertebral arch in dorsal and lateral views; E, F, manual ungual, initially misinterpreted as a pedal ungual, in medial (E) and proximal (F) views. G, H, manual phalanx, initially misinterpreted as a pedal phalanx, in lateral (G) and ventral (H) views; I, J, mid-cervical rib in lateral (I) and medial (J) views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824226/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
|
||||
; Supporting Information,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="EE025EE8FFB4FFCA6F3412AA4B509FB8" box="[1361,1406,175,199]" degrees="1.2" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="5555" value="-1.2">S1.2</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
), confirm that the missing part was originally present.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFB4FFCB693012EB4F2C9B8E" blockId="12.[824,1476,144,826]" lastBlockId="13.[112,764,144,1954]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
The maxillary bone is fairly complete, missing the dorsal part of the ascending ramus, the anterior portion of the anteromedial process, the medial wall from the posterior extremity of the jugal ramus, small pieces of the alveolar margin and the antorbital ridge, as well as several maxillary teeth (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB4FFCA6EBE136E4B3B9EFC" box="[1243,1301,363,387]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-476@12.[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Maxilla of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; and F, posterior views; with F–J, close-up on G, the anterior surface of the maxilla in anterolateral view; H, the maxillary fossa in posterolateral view; I, the maxillary fossa and ascending process in lateral view; J, the anteromedial process in ventromedial view. Abbreviations: amb, anteromedial process; anr, anterior ramus; aof, antorbital fenestra; aor, antorbital ridge; asr, ascending ramus; av12, 12th maxillary alveolus; av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; idw, interdental wall; juc, jugal contact; lac, lacrimal contact; laof, lateral antorbital fossa; maf, maxillary alveolar foramina; mcf, maxillary circumfenestra foramina; mew, medial wall; mfo, maxillary fossa; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; nac, nasal contact; nug, nutrient groove; pac, palatine contact; pmc, premaxilla contact; ri, ridge.Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D), 1 cm (E–G), and 5 mm (H, J)." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB4FFCA6EBE136E4B3B9EFC" box="[1243,1301,363,387]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-476@12.[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Maxilla of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; and F, posterior views; with F–J, close-up on G, the anterior surface of the maxilla in anterolateral view; H, the maxillary fossa in posterolateral view; I, the maxillary fossa and ascending process in lateral view; J, the anteromedial process in ventromedial view. Abbreviations: amb, anteromedial process; anr, anterior ramus; aof, antorbital fenestra; aor, antorbital ridge; asr, ascending ramus; av12, 12th maxillary alveolus; av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; idw, interdental wall; juc, jugal contact; lac, lacrimal contact; laof, lateral antorbital fossa; maf, maxillary alveolar foramina; mcf, maxillary circumfenestra foramina; mew, medial wall; mfo, maxillary fossa; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; nac, nasal contact; nug, nutrient groove; pac, palatine contact; pmc, premaxilla contact; ri, ridge.Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D), 1 cm (E–G), and 5 mm (H, J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824234/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
). In lateral view, the maxilla consists of a subtriangular bone with a dorsoventrally tall maxilla body, a short ascending ramus, an anteroposteriorly short pre-antorbital body and long jugal ramus (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB4FFCA6F5313CC4BAC9E9E" box="[1334,1410,457,481]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-476@12.[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Maxilla of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; and F, posterior views; with F–J, close-up on G, the anterior surface of the maxilla in anterolateral view; H, the maxillary fossa in posterolateral view; I, the maxillary fossa and ascending process in lateral view; J, the anteromedial process in ventromedial view. Abbreviations: amb, anteromedial process; anr, anterior ramus; aof, antorbital fenestra; aor, antorbital ridge; asr, ascending ramus; av12, 12th maxillary alveolus; av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; idw, interdental wall; juc, jugal contact; lac, lacrimal contact; laof, lateral antorbital fossa; maf, maxillary alveolar foramina; mcf, maxillary circumfenestra foramina; mew, medial wall; mfo, maxillary fossa; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; nac, nasal contact; nug, nutrient groove; pac, palatine contact; pmc, premaxilla contact; ri, ridge.Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D), 1 cm (E–G), and 5 mm (H, J)." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB4FFCA6F5313CC4BAC9E9E" box="[1334,1410,457,481]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-476@12.[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Maxilla of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; and F, posterior views; with F–J, close-up on G, the anterior surface of the maxilla in anterolateral view; H, the maxillary fossa in posterolateral view; I, the maxillary fossa and ascending process in lateral view; J, the anteromedial process in ventromedial view. Abbreviations: amb, anteromedial process; anr, anterior ramus; aof, antorbital fenestra; aor, antorbital ridge; asr, ascending ramus; av12, 12th maxillary alveolus; av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; idw, interdental wall; juc, jugal contact; lac, lacrimal contact; laof, lateral antorbital fossa; maf, maxillary alveolar foramina; mcf, maxillary circumfenestra foramina; mew, medial wall; mfo, maxillary fossa; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; nac, nasal contact; nug, nutrient groove; pac, palatine contact; pmc, premaxilla contact; ri, ridge.Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D), 1 cm (E–G), and 5 mm (H, J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824234/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The preserved maxilla is dorsoventrally lower than anteroposteriorly long and the complete bone (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB4FFCA6E09100D4A9A9D5F" box="[1132,1204,520,544]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[113,178,1614,1638]" captionTargetBox="[149,1423,147,1581]" captionTargetId="figure-6@1.[146,1426,144,1587]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Historical research on Noasaurus leali. A, group picture of the fieldwork team on the 1975 expedition to the El Brete site from which the Noasaurus material was found. From left to right, lab technician Juan Carlos Leal, who discovered the fossil locality and to whom the species Noasaurus leali is dedicated, Ph.D. student Jaime Eduardo Powell, palaeontologist and leader of the team Prof.José Bonaparte, participant Tomás H. Fasola, an unknown man, and lab technician Martín Vince [from Abdala et al. (2022), modified; courtesy of Pablo Ortiz]; B, field camp at the base of the hill in 1975 and where the fossils were brought to the vehicles (Bonaparte 1996b); C, El Brete fossil site during the excavation of 1975 (Bonaparte 2007); D, Noasaurus material deposited and examined with a microscope at the palaeontological lab of the Museo Miguel Lillo around 1975–76 (La Universidad Trabaja 1976); E, plate and first illustration of the Noasaurus holotypic material (PVL 4061) by Bonaparte and Powell (1980) (modified). From the left half of the plate E: A, B, maxilla in lateral (A) and medial (B) views; C, quadrate in medial view; D, E, posterior cervical rib, originally misidentified as a squamosal, in lateral (D) and dorsal (E) views. From the right half of the plate E: A, B, second metatarsal in medial (A) and posterior (B) views; C, D, cervical vertebral arch in dorsal and lateral views; E, F, manual ungual, initially misinterpreted as a pedal ungual, in medial (E) and proximal (F) views. G, H, manual phalanx, initially misinterpreted as a pedal phalanx, in lateral (G) and ventral (H) views; I, J, mid-cervical rib in lateral (I) and medial (J) views." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB4FFCA6E09100D4A9A9D5F" box="[1132,1204,520,544]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[113,178,1614,1638]" captionTargetBox="[149,1423,147,1581]" captionTargetId="figure-6@1.[146,1426,144,1587]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Historical research on Noasaurus leali. A, group picture of the fieldwork team on the 1975 expedition to the El Brete site from which the Noasaurus material was found. From left to right, lab technician Juan Carlos Leal, who discovered the fossil locality and to whom the species Noasaurus leali is dedicated, Ph.D. student Jaime Eduardo Powell, palaeontologist and leader of the team Prof.José Bonaparte, participant Tomás H. Fasola, an unknown man, and lab technician Martín Vince [from Abdala et al. (2022), modified; courtesy of Pablo Ortiz]; B, field camp at the base of the hill in 1975 and where the fossils were brought to the vehicles (Bonaparte 1996b); C, El Brete fossil site during the excavation of 1975 (Bonaparte 2007); D, Noasaurus material deposited and examined with a microscope at the palaeontological lab of the Museo Miguel Lillo around 1975–76 (La Universidad Trabaja 1976); E, plate and first illustration of the Noasaurus holotypic material (PVL 4061) by Bonaparte and Powell (1980) (modified). From the left half of the plate E: A, B, maxilla in lateral (A) and medial (B) views; C, quadrate in medial view; D, E, posterior cervical rib, originally misidentified as a squamosal, in lateral (D) and dorsal (E) views. From the right half of the plate E: A, B, second metatarsal in medial (A) and posterior (B) views; C, D, cervical vertebral arch in dorsal and lateral views; E, F, manual ungual, initially misinterpreted as a pedal ungual, in medial (E) and proximal (F) views. G, H, manual phalanx, initially misinterpreted as a pedal phalanx, in lateral (G) and ventral (H) views; I, J, mid-cervical rib in lateral (I) and medial (J) views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824226/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) was longer than tall. The anterior body occupies two-fifths of the maxillary length and is shorter than the jugal ramus. Its anteriormost part is particularly short and dorsoventrally lower than the jugal ramus (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB4FFCA6F0310634B9F9D01" box="[1382,1457,614,638]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-476@12.[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Maxilla of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; and F, posterior views; with F–J, close-up on G, the anterior surface of the maxilla in anterolateral view; H, the maxillary fossa in posterolateral view; I, the maxillary fossa and ascending process in lateral view; J, the anteromedial process in ventromedial view. Abbreviations: amb, anteromedial process; anr, anterior ramus; aof, antorbital fenestra; aor, antorbital ridge; asr, ascending ramus; av12, 12th maxillary alveolus; av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; idw, interdental wall; juc, jugal contact; lac, lacrimal contact; laof, lateral antorbital fossa; maf, maxillary alveolar foramina; mcf, maxillary circumfenestra foramina; mew, medial wall; mfo, maxillary fossa; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; nac, nasal contact; nug, nutrient groove; pac, palatine contact; pmc, premaxilla contact; ri, ridge.Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D), 1 cm (E–G), and 5 mm (H, J)." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB4FFCA6F0310634B9F9D01" box="[1382,1457,614,638]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-476@12.[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Maxilla of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; and F, posterior views; with F–J, close-up on G, the anterior surface of the maxilla in anterolateral view; H, the maxillary fossa in posterolateral view; I, the maxillary fossa and ascending process in lateral view; J, the anteromedial process in ventromedial view. Abbreviations: amb, anteromedial process; anr, anterior ramus; aof, antorbital fenestra; aor, antorbital ridge; asr, ascending ramus; av12, 12th maxillary alveolus; av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; idw, interdental wall; juc, jugal contact; lac, lacrimal contact; laof, lateral antorbital fossa; maf, maxillary alveolar foramina; mcf, maxillary circumfenestra foramina; mew, medial wall; mfo, maxillary fossa; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; nac, nasal contact; nug, nutrient groove; pac, palatine contact; pmc, premaxilla contact; ri, ridge.Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D), 1 cm (E–G), and 5 mm (H, J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824234/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The anterior margin of the anterior body is weakly concave and posterodorsally inclined at an angle of 53° from the long axis of the alveolar margin. Both the anterior ramus and pre-antorbital body of the maxilla are roughly subtriangular in outline and the angles of the anterior corner of the anterior ramus and pre-antorbital body are approximately 43° and 48°, respectively (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB5FFCB6A1912954EE99FD7" box="[124,199,144,168]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-476@12.[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Maxilla of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; and F, posterior views; with F–J, close-up on G, the anterior surface of the maxilla in anterolateral view; H, the maxillary fossa in posterolateral view; I, the maxillary fossa and ascending process in lateral view; J, the anteromedial process in ventromedial view. Abbreviations: amb, anteromedial process; anr, anterior ramus; aof, antorbital fenestra; aor, antorbital ridge; asr, ascending ramus; av12, 12th maxillary alveolus; av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; idw, interdental wall; juc, jugal contact; lac, lacrimal contact; laof, lateral antorbital fossa; maf, maxillary alveolar foramina; mcf, maxillary circumfenestra foramina; mew, medial wall; mfo, maxillary fossa; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; nac, nasal contact; nug, nutrient groove; pac, palatine contact; pmc, premaxilla contact; ri, ridge.Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D), 1 cm (E–G), and 5 mm (H, J)." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB5FFCB6A1912954EE99FD7" box="[124,199,144,168]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-476@12.[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Maxilla of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; and F, posterior views; with F–J, close-up on G, the anterior surface of the maxilla in anterolateral view; H, the maxillary fossa in posterolateral view; I, the maxillary fossa and ascending process in lateral view; J, the anteromedial process in ventromedial view. Abbreviations: amb, anteromedial process; anr, anterior ramus; aof, antorbital fenestra; aor, antorbital ridge; asr, ascending ramus; av12, 12th maxillary alveolus; av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; idw, interdental wall; juc, jugal contact; lac, lacrimal contact; laof, lateral antorbital fossa; maf, maxillary alveolar foramina; mcf, maxillary circumfenestra foramina; mew, medial wall; mfo, maxillary fossa; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; nac, nasal contact; nug, nutrient groove; pac, palatine contact; pmc, premaxilla contact; ri, ridge.Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D), 1 cm (E–G), and 5 mm (H, J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824234/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The anterior ramus occupies one-half of the anterior body and three-fourths of the antorbital body. The anterior margin of the maxilla is weakly sigmoid, with the margin of the anterior body and the ventral one-third of the preserved ascending ramus being slightly concave while the dorsal two-thirds of the remaining ascending ramus is weakly convex. The alveolar margin of the maxilla is gently concave, with the apex of the concavity located around half the length of the bone (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB5FFCB6816136E4C939EFC" box="[627,701,363,387]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-476@12.[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Maxilla of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; and F, posterior views; with F–J, close-up on G, the anterior surface of the maxilla in anterolateral view; H, the maxillary fossa in posterolateral view; I, the maxillary fossa and ascending process in lateral view; J, the anteromedial process in ventromedial view. Abbreviations: amb, anteromedial process; anr, anterior ramus; aof, antorbital fenestra; aor, antorbital ridge; asr, ascending ramus; av12, 12th maxillary alveolus; av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; idw, interdental wall; juc, jugal contact; lac, lacrimal contact; laof, lateral antorbital fossa; maf, maxillary alveolar foramina; mcf, maxillary circumfenestra foramina; mew, medial wall; mfo, maxillary fossa; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; nac, nasal contact; nug, nutrient groove; pac, palatine contact; pmc, premaxilla contact; ri, ridge.Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D), 1 cm (E–G), and 5 mm (H, J)." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB5FFCB6816136E4C939EFC" box="[627,701,363,387]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-476@12.[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Maxilla of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; and F, posterior views; with F–J, close-up on G, the anterior surface of the maxilla in anterolateral view; H, the maxillary fossa in posterolateral view; I, the maxillary fossa and ascending process in lateral view; J, the anteromedial process in ventromedial view. Abbreviations: amb, anteromedial process; anr, anterior ramus; aof, antorbital fenestra; aor, antorbital ridge; asr, ascending ramus; av12, 12th maxillary alveolus; av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; idw, interdental wall; juc, jugal contact; lac, lacrimal contact; laof, lateral antorbital fossa; maf, maxillary alveolar foramina; mcf, maxillary circumfenestra foramina; mew, medial wall; mfo, maxillary fossa; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; nac, nasal contact; nug, nutrient groove; pac, palatine contact; pmc, premaxilla contact; ri, ridge.Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D), 1 cm (E–G), and 5 mm (H, J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824234/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The jugal ramus, which accounts for ~67% of the maxillary body, corresponds to an elongated subtriangular projection pointing posteriorly and delimited by two weakly sigmoid, almost straight ventral and dorsal margins. The jugal contact at the posterior end of the jugal ramus forms an almost right-angled isosceles triangle pointing anteriorly in lateral view. Based on
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA745DEFFB5FFCB68F7102D4F039D20" author="Bonaparte JF & Powell JE" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="19 - 28" refId="ref40849" refString="Bonaparte JF, Powell JE. A continental assemblage of tetrapods from the Upper Cretaceous beds of El Brete, northwestern Argentina (Sauropoda-Coelurosauria-Carnosauria-Aves). Memoires de la Societe Geologique de France, Nouvelle Serie 1980; 139: 19 - 28." type="journal article" year="1980">Bonaparte and Powell (1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: fig. 7A, B;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB5FFCB6BD710424FD29D20" box="[434,508,583,607]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[113,178,1614,1638]" captionTargetBox="[149,1423,147,1581]" captionTargetId="figure-6@1.[146,1426,144,1587]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Historical research on Noasaurus leali. A, group picture of the fieldwork team on the 1975 expedition to the El Brete site from which the Noasaurus material was found. From left to right, lab technician Juan Carlos Leal, who discovered the fossil locality and to whom the species Noasaurus leali is dedicated, Ph.D. student Jaime Eduardo Powell, palaeontologist and leader of the team Prof.José Bonaparte, participant Tomás H. Fasola, an unknown man, and lab technician Martín Vince [from Abdala et al. (2022), modified; courtesy of Pablo Ortiz]; B, field camp at the base of the hill in 1975 and where the fossils were brought to the vehicles (Bonaparte 1996b); C, El Brete fossil site during the excavation of 1975 (Bonaparte 2007); D, Noasaurus material deposited and examined with a microscope at the palaeontological lab of the Museo Miguel Lillo around 1975–76 (La Universidad Trabaja 1976); E, plate and first illustration of the Noasaurus holotypic material (PVL 4061) by Bonaparte and Powell (1980) (modified). From the left half of the plate E: A, B, maxilla in lateral (A) and medial (B) views; C, quadrate in medial view; D, E, posterior cervical rib, originally misidentified as a squamosal, in lateral (D) and dorsal (E) views. From the right half of the plate E: A, B, second metatarsal in medial (A) and posterior (B) views; C, D, cervical vertebral arch in dorsal and lateral views; E, F, manual ungual, initially misinterpreted as a pedal ungual, in medial (E) and proximal (F) views. G, H, manual phalanx, initially misinterpreted as a pedal phalanx, in lateral (G) and ventral (H) views; I, J, mid-cervical rib in lateral (I) and medial (J) views." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB5FFCB6BD710424FD29D20" box="[434,508,583,607]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[113,178,1614,1638]" captionTargetBox="[149,1423,147,1581]" captionTargetId="figure-6@1.[146,1426,144,1587]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Historical research on Noasaurus leali. A, group picture of the fieldwork team on the 1975 expedition to the El Brete site from which the Noasaurus material was found. From left to right, lab technician Juan Carlos Leal, who discovered the fossil locality and to whom the species Noasaurus leali is dedicated, Ph.D. student Jaime Eduardo Powell, palaeontologist and leader of the team Prof.José Bonaparte, participant Tomás H. Fasola, an unknown man, and lab technician Martín Vince [from Abdala et al. (2022), modified; courtesy of Pablo Ortiz]; B, field camp at the base of the hill in 1975 and where the fossils were brought to the vehicles (Bonaparte 1996b); C, El Brete fossil site during the excavation of 1975 (Bonaparte 2007); D, Noasaurus material deposited and examined with a microscope at the palaeontological lab of the Museo Miguel Lillo around 1975–76 (La Universidad Trabaja 1976); E, plate and first illustration of the Noasaurus holotypic material (PVL 4061) by Bonaparte and Powell (1980) (modified). From the left half of the plate E: A, B, maxilla in lateral (A) and medial (B) views; C, quadrate in medial view; D, E, posterior cervical rib, originally misidentified as a squamosal, in lateral (D) and dorsal (E) views. From the right half of the plate E: A, B, second metatarsal in medial (A) and posterior (B) views; C, D, cervical vertebral arch in dorsal and lateral views; E, F, manual ungual, initially misinterpreted as a pedal ungual, in medial (E) and proximal (F) views. G, H, manual phalanx, initially misinterpreted as a pedal phalanx, in lateral (G) and ventral (H) views; I, J, mid-cervical rib in lateral (I) and medial (J) views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824226/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
|
||||
), the ventral two-thirds of the ascending ramus mainly projects dorsally, perpendicular to the alveolar margin of the maxilla, whereas the dorsal third curves posterodorsally at an angle of ~45° from the long axis of the alveolar margin. The dorsal extremity of the ascending ramus was forked, with the two short dorsal and ventral subtriangular extremities projecting posterodorsally and posteriorly, respectively, as revealed by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA745DEFFB5FFCB6B2211274CA59C45" author="Bonaparte JF & Powell JE" box="[327,651,802,826]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="19 - 28" refId="ref40849" refString="Bonaparte JF, Powell JE. A continental assemblage of tetrapods from the Upper Cretaceous beds of El Brete, northwestern Argentina (Sauropoda-Coelurosauria-Carnosauria-Aves). Memoires de la Societe Geologique de France, Nouvelle Serie 1980; 139: 19 - 28." type="journal article" year="1980">Bonaparte and Powell’s (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
figure 7A, B (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB5FFCB6AF611444EF29C26" box="[147,220,833,857]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[113,178,1614,1638]" captionTargetBox="[149,1423,147,1581]" captionTargetId="figure-6@1.[146,1426,144,1587]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Historical research on Noasaurus leali. A, group picture of the fieldwork team on the 1975 expedition to the El Brete site from which the Noasaurus material was found. From left to right, lab technician Juan Carlos Leal, who discovered the fossil locality and to whom the species Noasaurus leali is dedicated, Ph.D. student Jaime Eduardo Powell, palaeontologist and leader of the team Prof.José Bonaparte, participant Tomás H. Fasola, an unknown man, and lab technician Martín Vince [from Abdala et al. (2022), modified; courtesy of Pablo Ortiz]; B, field camp at the base of the hill in 1975 and where the fossils were brought to the vehicles (Bonaparte 1996b); C, El Brete fossil site during the excavation of 1975 (Bonaparte 2007); D, Noasaurus material deposited and examined with a microscope at the palaeontological lab of the Museo Miguel Lillo around 1975–76 (La Universidad Trabaja 1976); E, plate and first illustration of the Noasaurus holotypic material (PVL 4061) by Bonaparte and Powell (1980) (modified). From the left half of the plate E: A, B, maxilla in lateral (A) and medial (B) views; C, quadrate in medial view; D, E, posterior cervical rib, originally misidentified as a squamosal, in lateral (D) and dorsal (E) views. From the right half of the plate E: A, B, second metatarsal in medial (A) and posterior (B) views; C, D, cervical vertebral arch in dorsal and lateral views; E, F, manual ungual, initially misinterpreted as a pedal ungual, in medial (E) and proximal (F) views. G, H, manual phalanx, initially misinterpreted as a pedal phalanx, in lateral (G) and ventral (H) views; I, J, mid-cervical rib in lateral (I) and medial (J) views." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB5FFCB6AF611444EF29C26" box="[147,220,833,857]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[113,178,1614,1638]" captionTargetBox="[149,1423,147,1581]" captionTargetId="figure-6@1.[146,1426,144,1587]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Historical research on Noasaurus leali. A, group picture of the fieldwork team on the 1975 expedition to the El Brete site from which the Noasaurus material was found. From left to right, lab technician Juan Carlos Leal, who discovered the fossil locality and to whom the species Noasaurus leali is dedicated, Ph.D. student Jaime Eduardo Powell, palaeontologist and leader of the team Prof.José Bonaparte, participant Tomás H. Fasola, an unknown man, and lab technician Martín Vince [from Abdala et al. (2022), modified; courtesy of Pablo Ortiz]; B, field camp at the base of the hill in 1975 and where the fossils were brought to the vehicles (Bonaparte 1996b); C, El Brete fossil site during the excavation of 1975 (Bonaparte 2007); D, Noasaurus material deposited and examined with a microscope at the palaeontological lab of the Museo Miguel Lillo around 1975–76 (La Universidad Trabaja 1976); E, plate and first illustration of the Noasaurus holotypic material (PVL 4061) by Bonaparte and Powell (1980) (modified). From the left half of the plate E: A, B, maxilla in lateral (A) and medial (B) views; C, quadrate in medial view; D, E, posterior cervical rib, originally misidentified as a squamosal, in lateral (D) and dorsal (E) views. From the right half of the plate E: A, B, second metatarsal in medial (A) and posterior (B) views; C, D, cervical vertebral arch in dorsal and lateral views; E, F, manual ungual, initially misinterpreted as a pedal ungual, in medial (E) and proximal (F) views. G, H, manual phalanx, initially misinterpreted as a pedal phalanx, in lateral (G) and ventral (H) views; I, J, mid-cervical rib in lateral (I) and medial (J) views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824226/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
|
||||
; NB—the oldest available photo of the maxilla provided by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA745DEFFB5FFCB6AB011644FBC9C06" author="Bonaparte JF" box="[213,402,865,889]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref40799" refString="Bonaparte JF. Dinosaurios y Pterosaurios de America del Sur. Ed. Albatros, Buenos Aires, 2007." type="book" year="2007">Bonaparte (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
reveals that the posteriormost extremity of the ascending ramus was already missing before 2007; Supporting Information,
|
||||
|
|
@ -411,7 +414,7 @@ reveals that the posteriormost extremity of the ascending ramus was already miss
|
|||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA745DEFFB5FFCB6BA716BF4CD49BAE" author="Bonaparte JF & Powell JE" box="[450,762,1209,1233]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="19 - 28" refId="ref40849" refString="Bonaparte JF, Powell JE. A continental assemblage of tetrapods from the Upper Cretaceous beds of El Brete, northwestern Argentina (Sauropoda-Coelurosauria-Carnosauria-Aves). Memoires de la Societe Geologique de France, Nouvelle Serie 1980; 139: 19 - 28." type="journal article" year="1980">Bonaparte and Powell (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
was complete.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DF4968A7FFB4FFCA6AE414DB4D7098C4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" startId="12.[129,194,1758,1782]" targetBox="[161,1441,879,1730]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="DF4968A7FFB4FFCA6AE414DB4D7098C4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824234" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14824234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824234/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" startId="12.[129,194,1758,1782]" targetBox="[161,1441,879,1730]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFB4FFCA6AE414DB4D7098C4" blockId="12.[129,1470,1758,1979]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B942E43DFFB4FFCA6AE414DB4EF69988" bold="true" box="[129,216,1758,1783]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||||
Maxilla of
|
||||
|
|
@ -423,21 +426,21 @@ Maxilla of
|
|||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFB5FFCB6AE816FD4F449A94" blockId="13.[112,764,144,1954]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
A row of maxillary alveolar foramina is present, directly dorsal to the alveolar margin, parallel to the latter. The foramina are difficult to discern as most of them are obscured by matrix or correspond to a very shallow depression, but they can be seen with razing light. A second row of foramina, the maxillary circumfenestra foramina, is present directly ventral to the antorbital ridge and the most visible foramina are present at the level of mx6-8 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB5FFCB6B7517D64F779A94" box="[272,345,1491,1515]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-476@12.[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Maxilla of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; and F, posterior views; with F–J, close-up on G, the anterior surface of the maxilla in anterolateral view; H, the maxillary fossa in posterolateral view; I, the maxillary fossa and ascending process in lateral view; J, the anteromedial process in ventromedial view. Abbreviations: amb, anteromedial process; anr, anterior ramus; aof, antorbital fenestra; aor, antorbital ridge; asr, ascending ramus; av12, 12th maxillary alveolus; av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; idw, interdental wall; juc, jugal contact; lac, lacrimal contact; laof, lateral antorbital fossa; maf, maxillary alveolar foramina; mcf, maxillary circumfenestra foramina; mew, medial wall; mfo, maxillary fossa; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; nac, nasal contact; nug, nutrient groove; pac, palatine contact; pmc, premaxilla contact; ri, ridge.Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D), 1 cm (E–G), and 5 mm (H, J)." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB5FFCB6B7517D64F779A94" box="[272,345,1491,1515]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-476@12.[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Maxilla of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; and F, posterior views; with F–J, close-up on G, the anterior surface of the maxilla in anterolateral view; H, the maxillary fossa in posterolateral view; I, the maxillary fossa and ascending process in lateral view; J, the anteromedial process in ventromedial view. Abbreviations: amb, anteromedial process; anr, anterior ramus; aof, antorbital fenestra; aor, antorbital ridge; asr, ascending ramus; av12, 12th maxillary alveolus; av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; idw, interdental wall; juc, jugal contact; lac, lacrimal contact; laof, lateral antorbital fossa; maf, maxillary alveolar foramina; mcf, maxillary circumfenestra foramina; mew, medial wall; mfo, maxillary fossa; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; nac, nasal contact; nug, nutrient groove; pac, palatine contact; pmc, premaxilla contact; ri, ridge.Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D), 1 cm (E–G), and 5 mm (H, J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824234/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFB5FFCB6AE817F64D969EFC" blockId="13.[112,764,144,1954]" lastBlockId="13.[810,1461,144,1954]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
A well-delimited antorbital fossa is present laterally, extending over the posterior one-third of the anterior body, the dorsal one-third of the jugal ramus, and the anterodorsal two-thirds of the ascending process (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB5FFCB6B5214544F519916" box="[311,383,1617,1641]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-476@12.[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Maxilla of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; and F, posterior views; with F–J, close-up on G, the anterior surface of the maxilla in anterolateral view; H, the maxillary fossa in posterolateral view; I, the maxillary fossa and ascending process in lateral view; J, the anteromedial process in ventromedial view. Abbreviations: amb, anteromedial process; anr, anterior ramus; aof, antorbital fenestra; aor, antorbital ridge; asr, ascending ramus; av12, 12th maxillary alveolus; av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; idw, interdental wall; juc, jugal contact; lac, lacrimal contact; laof, lateral antorbital fossa; maf, maxillary alveolar foramina; mcf, maxillary circumfenestra foramina; mew, medial wall; mfo, maxillary fossa; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; nac, nasal contact; nug, nutrient groove; pac, palatine contact; pmc, premaxilla contact; ri, ridge.Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D), 1 cm (E–G), and 5 mm (H, J)." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB5FFCB6B5214544F519916" box="[311,383,1617,1641]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-476@12.[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Maxilla of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; and F, posterior views; with F–J, close-up on G, the anterior surface of the maxilla in anterolateral view; H, the maxillary fossa in posterolateral view; I, the maxillary fossa and ascending process in lateral view; J, the anteromedial process in ventromedial view. Abbreviations: amb, anteromedial process; anr, anterior ramus; aof, antorbital fenestra; aor, antorbital ridge; asr, ascending ramus; av12, 12th maxillary alveolus; av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; idw, interdental wall; juc, jugal contact; lac, lacrimal contact; laof, lateral antorbital fossa; maf, maxillary alveolar foramina; mcf, maxillary circumfenestra foramina; mew, medial wall; mfo, maxillary fossa; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; nac, nasal contact; nug, nutrient groove; pac, palatine contact; pmc, premaxilla contact; ri, ridge.Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D), 1 cm (E–G), and 5 mm (H, J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824234/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). This fossa is ventrally delimited by a low and thick (i.e. dorsoventrally tall) antorbital ridge extending along the dorsal third of the maxillary body ventral to the antorbital fossa. The antorbital ridge narrows and fades anteriorly up to an angular corner formed by the vertically and horizontally orientated borders of the antorbital fossa, at the level of the fourth alveolus. Conversely, the antorbital ridge only slightly narrows posteriorly and remains prominent in its posteriormost part where it curves ventrally to reach the alveolar margin at the level of the tenth alveolus. The jugal contact consists of a rugose and poorly delimited surface located within the posteriormost part of the antorbital fossa, directly dorsal to the posterior extremity of the antorbital ridges. This contact roughly covers the posterior one-fourth of the jugal ramus; however, it is possible that it extended further posteriorly. There is no clear anterior limit of the jugal contact, which is mainly distinguished by its rugose surface and the presence of parallel ridges and grooves directed anteroposteriorly along the posterior half of the articulation surface.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFB5FFCB6920138E4A679B0C" blockId="13.[810,1461,144,1954]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
A maxillary fossa is visible in the anterior corner of the lateral antorbital fossa (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB5FFCB6E7013AF4AAA9EBE" box="[1045,1156,426,450]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-476@12.[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Maxilla of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; and F, posterior views; with F–J, close-up on G, the anterior surface of the maxilla in anterolateral view; H, the maxillary fossa in posterolateral view; I, the maxillary fossa and ascending process in lateral view; J, the anteromedial process in ventromedial view. Abbreviations: amb, anteromedial process; anr, anterior ramus; aof, antorbital fenestra; aor, antorbital ridge; asr, ascending ramus; av12, 12th maxillary alveolus; av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; idw, interdental wall; juc, jugal contact; lac, lacrimal contact; laof, lateral antorbital fossa; maf, maxillary alveolar foramina; mcf, maxillary circumfenestra foramina; mew, medial wall; mfo, maxillary fossa; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; nac, nasal contact; nug, nutrient groove; pac, palatine contact; pmc, premaxilla contact; ri, ridge.Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D), 1 cm (E–G), and 5 mm (H, J)." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 4H, I</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB5FFCB6E7013AF4AAA9EBE" box="[1045,1156,426,450]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-476@12.[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Maxilla of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; and F, posterior views; with F–J, close-up on G, the anterior surface of the maxilla in anterolateral view; H, the maxillary fossa in posterolateral view; I, the maxillary fossa and ascending process in lateral view; J, the anteromedial process in ventromedial view. Abbreviations: amb, anteromedial process; anr, anterior ramus; aof, antorbital fenestra; aor, antorbital ridge; asr, ascending ramus; av12, 12th maxillary alveolus; av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; idw, interdental wall; juc, jugal contact; lac, lacrimal contact; laof, lateral antorbital fossa; maf, maxillary alveolar foramina; mcf, maxillary circumfenestra foramina; mew, medial wall; mfo, maxillary fossa; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; nac, nasal contact; nug, nutrient groove; pac, palatine contact; pmc, premaxilla contact; ri, ridge.Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D), 1 cm (E–G), and 5 mm (H, J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824234/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 4H, I</figureCitation>
|
||||
). This pneumatic structure, interpreted by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA745DEFFB5FFCB69A513CC4A739E9E" author="Stiegler JB" box="[960,1117,457,481]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref49009" refString="Stiegler JB. Anatomy, systematics, and paleobiology of noasaurid ceratosaurs from the Late Jurassic of China. Unpublished Ph. D. Thesis, The George Washington University, 2019." type="book" year="2019">Stiegler (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
as the pneumatic recess of the ascending ramus (e.g. but see Discussion below), can be described as a shallow and poorly delimited oval depression on the lateral wall of the antorbital fossa. The maxillary fossa is taller than long and occupies the same height as the dorsoventrally oriented and anteriorly inclined margin of the antorbital fossa. The anterior part of the maxillary fossa is bounded medially by the anterolateral wall of the maxillary body and cannot be seen in lateral view. In the visible posterior half, the fossa is ventrally and dorsally delimited by faint, rounded ridges, which become more prominent and increase in dorsoventral height anteriorly up to the anterior border of the antorbital fossa. A faint and low anteroposteriorly directed and anterodorsally inclined ridge crosses the maxillary fossa at two-thirds of its height (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB5FFCB6ECF11644B209C07" box="[1194,1294,865,889]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-476@12.[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Maxilla of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; and F, posterior views; with F–J, close-up on G, the anterior surface of the maxilla in anterolateral view; H, the maxillary fossa in posterolateral view; I, the maxillary fossa and ascending process in lateral view; J, the anteromedial process in ventromedial view. Abbreviations: amb, anteromedial process; anr, anterior ramus; aof, antorbital fenestra; aor, antorbital ridge; asr, ascending ramus; av12, 12th maxillary alveolus; av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; idw, interdental wall; juc, jugal contact; lac, lacrimal contact; laof, lateral antorbital fossa; maf, maxillary alveolar foramina; mcf, maxillary circumfenestra foramina; mew, medial wall; mfo, maxillary fossa; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; nac, nasal contact; nug, nutrient groove; pac, palatine contact; pmc, premaxilla contact; ri, ridge.Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D), 1 cm (E–G), and 5 mm (H, J)." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 4H, I</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB5FFCB6ECF11644B209C07" box="[1194,1294,865,889]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-476@12.[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Maxilla of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; and F, posterior views; with F–J, close-up on G, the anterior surface of the maxilla in anterolateral view; H, the maxillary fossa in posterolateral view; I, the maxillary fossa and ascending process in lateral view; J, the anteromedial process in ventromedial view. Abbreviations: amb, anteromedial process; anr, anterior ramus; aof, antorbital fenestra; aor, antorbital ridge; asr, ascending ramus; av12, 12th maxillary alveolus; av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; idw, interdental wall; juc, jugal contact; lac, lacrimal contact; laof, lateral antorbital fossa; maf, maxillary alveolar foramina; mcf, maxillary circumfenestra foramina; mew, medial wall; mfo, maxillary fossa; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; nac, nasal contact; nug, nutrient groove; pac, palatine contact; pmc, premaxilla contact; ri, ridge.Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D), 1 cm (E–G), and 5 mm (H, J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824234/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 4H, I</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The maxillary fossa is filled with sediment in its anteriormost part and it is, therefore, unknown whether it extends more anteriorly within the maxillary body. This pneumatic structure does not at least communicate laterally, medially, or anteriorly by any opening. No maxillary, promaxillary or pneumatic fenestra piercing the maxilla are, consequently, present in the maxilla of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3643ACFFB5FFCB6F2116184B839B4B" authorityName="Bonaparte and Powell" authorityYear="1980" box="[1348,1453,1053,1076]" family="Noasauridae" genus="Noasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B942E43DFFB5FFCB6F2116184B839B4B" box="[1348,1453,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Noasaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
|
|
@ -446,45 +449,45 @@ as the pneumatic recess of the ascending ramus (e.g. but see Discussion below),
|
|||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFB5FFC86920167E4CFE9C45" blockId="13.[810,1461,144,1954]" lastBlockId="14.[128,779,144,1390]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
In medial view, the maxilla is characterized by a tall medial wall dorsally, a short interdental wall ventrally, a prominent anteromedial process in the anteroventral corner of the bone, and faint palatal contact along the posterior two-thirds of the maxilla, directly dorsal to the dorsal wall (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB5FFCB6E8516FD4B069A6F" box="[1248,1320,1272,1296]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-476@12.[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Maxilla of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; and F, posterior views; with F–J, close-up on G, the anterior surface of the maxilla in anterolateral view; H, the maxillary fossa in posterolateral view; I, the maxillary fossa and ascending process in lateral view; J, the anteromedial process in ventromedial view. Abbreviations: amb, anteromedial process; anr, anterior ramus; aof, antorbital fenestra; aor, antorbital ridge; asr, ascending ramus; av12, 12th maxillary alveolus; av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; idw, interdental wall; juc, jugal contact; lac, lacrimal contact; laof, lateral antorbital fossa; maf, maxillary alveolar foramina; mcf, maxillary circumfenestra foramina; mew, medial wall; mfo, maxillary fossa; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; nac, nasal contact; nug, nutrient groove; pac, palatine contact; pmc, premaxilla contact; ri, ridge.Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D), 1 cm (E–G), and 5 mm (H, J)." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB5FFCB6E8516FD4B069A6F" box="[1248,1320,1272,1296]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-476@12.[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Maxilla of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; and F, posterior views; with F–J, close-up on G, the anterior surface of the maxilla in anterolateral view; H, the maxillary fossa in posterolateral view; I, the maxillary fossa and ascending process in lateral view; J, the anteromedial process in ventromedial view. Abbreviations: amb, anteromedial process; anr, anterior ramus; aof, antorbital fenestra; aor, antorbital ridge; asr, ascending ramus; av12, 12th maxillary alveolus; av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; idw, interdental wall; juc, jugal contact; lac, lacrimal contact; laof, lateral antorbital fossa; maf, maxillary alveolar foramina; mcf, maxillary circumfenestra foramina; mew, medial wall; mfo, maxillary fossa; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; nac, nasal contact; nug, nutrient groove; pac, palatine contact; pmc, premaxilla contact; ri, ridge.Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D), 1 cm (E–G), and 5 mm (H, J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824234/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The medial wall covers the whole jugal ramus and most of the maxillary body, whereas the interdental wall is restricted to the ventral fourth of the maxillary body. The surface of both medial and interdental walls is smooth (i.e. there are no rugosities or ridges) and relatively uniform. The interdental wall is separated from the medial wall by a well-marked step-like nutrient groove sloping ventrally posteriorly and running along the whole maxilla length. The interdental wall, which results from the fusion of the interdental plates, reaches its tallest dorsoventral height at the level of the anterior margin of the maxilla, and gradually diminishes in height dorsally (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB5FFCB6E1414544A929916" box="[1137,1212,1617,1641]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-476@12.[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Maxilla of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; and F, posterior views; with F–J, close-up on G, the anterior surface of the maxilla in anterolateral view; H, the maxillary fossa in posterolateral view; I, the maxillary fossa and ascending process in lateral view; J, the anteromedial process in ventromedial view. Abbreviations: amb, anteromedial process; anr, anterior ramus; aof, antorbital fenestra; aor, antorbital ridge; asr, ascending ramus; av12, 12th maxillary alveolus; av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; idw, interdental wall; juc, jugal contact; lac, lacrimal contact; laof, lateral antorbital fossa; maf, maxillary alveolar foramina; mcf, maxillary circumfenestra foramina; mew, medial wall; mfo, maxillary fossa; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; nac, nasal contact; nug, nutrient groove; pac, palatine contact; pmc, premaxilla contact; ri, ridge.Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D), 1 cm (E–G), and 5 mm (H, J)." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB5FFCB6E1414544A929916" box="[1137,1212,1617,1641]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-476@12.[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Maxilla of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; and F, posterior views; with F–J, close-up on G, the anterior surface of the maxilla in anterolateral view; H, the maxillary fossa in posterolateral view; I, the maxillary fossa and ascending process in lateral view; J, the anteromedial process in ventromedial view. Abbreviations: amb, anteromedial process; anr, anterior ramus; aof, antorbital fenestra; aor, antorbital ridge; asr, ascending ramus; av12, 12th maxillary alveolus; av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; idw, interdental wall; juc, jugal contact; lac, lacrimal contact; laof, lateral antorbital fossa; maf, maxillary alveolar foramina; mcf, maxillary circumfenestra foramina; mew, medial wall; mfo, maxillary fossa; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; nac, nasal contact; nug, nutrient groove; pac, palatine contact; pmc, premaxilla contact; ri, ridge.Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D), 1 cm (E–G), and 5 mm (H, J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824234/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). It, however, continuously occupies the ventral third of the jugal ramus all along its length. The ventral margin of the interdental wall extends slightly more dorsally than the alveolar margin of the maxilla. A low and poorly delimited anteroposteriorly directed ridge is visible on the ventralmost surface of the medial wall, directly dorsal to the nutrient groove. This faint ridge is parallel to the interdental wall and shares the same dorsoventral height than the interdental wall along the median wall. The ridge increases in lateromedial thickness before reaching the anteromedial process anteriorly. The latter is located in the anteroventral corner of the medial wall (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB6FFC86B2812954FA19FD7" box="[333,399,144,168]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-476@12.[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Maxilla of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; and F, posterior views; with F–J, close-up on G, the anterior surface of the maxilla in anterolateral view; H, the maxillary fossa in posterolateral view; I, the maxillary fossa and ascending process in lateral view; J, the anteromedial process in ventromedial view. Abbreviations: amb, anteromedial process; anr, anterior ramus; aof, antorbital fenestra; aor, antorbital ridge; asr, ascending ramus; av12, 12th maxillary alveolus; av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; idw, interdental wall; juc, jugal contact; lac, lacrimal contact; laof, lateral antorbital fossa; maf, maxillary alveolar foramina; mcf, maxillary circumfenestra foramina; mew, medial wall; mfo, maxillary fossa; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; nac, nasal contact; nug, nutrient groove; pac, palatine contact; pmc, premaxilla contact; ri, ridge.Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D), 1 cm (E–G), and 5 mm (H, J)." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 4J</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB6FFC86B2812954FA19FD7" box="[333,399,144,168]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-476@12.[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Maxilla of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; and F, posterior views; with F–J, close-up on G, the anterior surface of the maxilla in anterolateral view; H, the maxillary fossa in posterolateral view; I, the maxillary fossa and ascending process in lateral view; J, the anteromedial process in ventromedial view. Abbreviations: amb, anteromedial process; anr, anterior ramus; aof, antorbital fenestra; aor, antorbital ridge; asr, ascending ramus; av12, 12th maxillary alveolus; av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; idw, interdental wall; juc, jugal contact; lac, lacrimal contact; laof, lateral antorbital fossa; maf, maxillary alveolar foramina; mcf, maxillary circumfenestra foramina; mew, medial wall; mfo, maxillary fossa; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; nac, nasal contact; nug, nutrient groove; pac, palatine contact; pmc, premaxilla contact; ri, ridge.Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D), 1 cm (E–G), and 5 mm (H, J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824234/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 4J</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The anteromedial process consists of a prominent and anteroposteriorly elongated protuberance comprised of two anteroposteriorly oriented ridges separated by a shallow groove. The ventral ridge is more prominent, dorsoventrally taller and lateromedially thicker than the dorsal ridge. It runs anteroposteriorly parallel to the long axis of the nutrient groove. Conversely, the dorsal ridge corresponds to a faint and diagonally oriented prominence curving ventrally towards the ventral ridge up to the anterior margin of the maxilla. The ventral ridge also increases in dorsoventral height and lateromedial thickness anteriorly. The medial process is incomplete and extends further anteriorly beyond the anterior margin of the maxilla (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB6FFC86AD4100D4EDA9D5F" box="[177,244,520,544]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-476@12.[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Maxilla of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; and F, posterior views; with F–J, close-up on G, the anterior surface of the maxilla in anterolateral view; H, the maxillary fossa in posterolateral view; I, the maxillary fossa and ascending process in lateral view; J, the anteromedial process in ventromedial view. Abbreviations: amb, anteromedial process; anr, anterior ramus; aof, antorbital fenestra; aor, antorbital ridge; asr, ascending ramus; av12, 12th maxillary alveolus; av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; idw, interdental wall; juc, jugal contact; lac, lacrimal contact; laof, lateral antorbital fossa; maf, maxillary alveolar foramina; mcf, maxillary circumfenestra foramina; mew, medial wall; mfo, maxillary fossa; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; nac, nasal contact; nug, nutrient groove; pac, palatine contact; pmc, premaxilla contact; ri, ridge.Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D), 1 cm (E–G), and 5 mm (H, J)." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 4J</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB6FFC86AD4100D4EDA9D5F" box="[177,244,520,544]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-476@12.[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Maxilla of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; and F, posterior views; with F–J, close-up on G, the anterior surface of the maxilla in anterolateral view; H, the maxillary fossa in posterolateral view; I, the maxillary fossa and ascending process in lateral view; J, the anteromedial process in ventromedial view. Abbreviations: amb, anteromedial process; anr, anterior ramus; aof, antorbital fenestra; aor, antorbital ridge; asr, ascending ramus; av12, 12th maxillary alveolus; av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; idw, interdental wall; juc, jugal contact; lac, lacrimal contact; laof, lateral antorbital fossa; maf, maxillary alveolar foramina; mcf, maxillary circumfenestra foramina; mew, medial wall; mfo, maxillary fossa; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; nac, nasal contact; nug, nutrient groove; pac, palatine contact; pmc, premaxilla contact; ri, ridge.Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D), 1 cm (E–G), and 5 mm (H, J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824234/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 4J</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The palatal contact of the maxilla is made of two faint and anteroposteriorly directed ridges running along the medial wall of the maxilla, directly dorsal to the nutrient groove, and subparallel to the later (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB6FFC86BC910634FD89D01" box="[428,502,614,638]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-476@12.[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Maxilla of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; and F, posterior views; with F–J, close-up on G, the anterior surface of the maxilla in anterolateral view; H, the maxillary fossa in posterolateral view; I, the maxillary fossa and ascending process in lateral view; J, the anteromedial process in ventromedial view. Abbreviations: amb, anteromedial process; anr, anterior ramus; aof, antorbital fenestra; aor, antorbital ridge; asr, ascending ramus; av12, 12th maxillary alveolus; av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; idw, interdental wall; juc, jugal contact; lac, lacrimal contact; laof, lateral antorbital fossa; maf, maxillary alveolar foramina; mcf, maxillary circumfenestra foramina; mew, medial wall; mfo, maxillary fossa; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; nac, nasal contact; nug, nutrient groove; pac, palatine contact; pmc, premaxilla contact; ri, ridge.Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D), 1 cm (E–G), and 5 mm (H, J)." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB6FFC86BC910634FD89D01" box="[428,502,614,638]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-476@12.[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Maxilla of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; and F, posterior views; with F–J, close-up on G, the anterior surface of the maxilla in anterolateral view; H, the maxillary fossa in posterolateral view; I, the maxillary fossa and ascending process in lateral view; J, the anteromedial process in ventromedial view. Abbreviations: amb, anteromedial process; anr, anterior ramus; aof, antorbital fenestra; aor, antorbital ridge; asr, ascending ramus; av12, 12th maxillary alveolus; av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; idw, interdental wall; juc, jugal contact; lac, lacrimal contact; laof, lateral antorbital fossa; maf, maxillary alveolar foramina; mcf, maxillary circumfenestra foramina; mew, medial wall; mfo, maxillary fossa; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; nac, nasal contact; nug, nutrient groove; pac, palatine contact; pmc, premaxilla contact; ri, ridge.Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D), 1 cm (E–G), and 5 mm (H, J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824234/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The two ridges are faint and badly preserved posteriorly, where they converge, and their preserved parts extend over
|
||||
<quantity id="4CCE95CAFFB6FFC86BC410A04FC69DC3" box="[417,488,677,701]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
|
||||
along the central part of the jugal ramus. They become more prominent anteriorly, where they are separated by a distance of around
|
||||
<quantity id="4CCE95CAFFB6FFC8685410E64C409D84" box="[561,622,739,763]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||||
, and the dorsal ridge of the palatal contact is prominent enough to delimit a medial antorbital fossa in this part of the maxilla (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB6FFC8681C11274C919C45" box="[633,703,802,826]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-476@12.[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Maxilla of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; and F, posterior views; with F–J, close-up on G, the anterior surface of the maxilla in anterolateral view; H, the maxillary fossa in posterolateral view; I, the maxillary fossa and ascending process in lateral view; J, the anteromedial process in ventromedial view. Abbreviations: amb, anteromedial process; anr, anterior ramus; aof, antorbital fenestra; aor, antorbital ridge; asr, ascending ramus; av12, 12th maxillary alveolus; av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; idw, interdental wall; juc, jugal contact; lac, lacrimal contact; laof, lateral antorbital fossa; maf, maxillary alveolar foramina; mcf, maxillary circumfenestra foramina; mew, medial wall; mfo, maxillary fossa; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; nac, nasal contact; nug, nutrient groove; pac, palatine contact; pmc, premaxilla contact; ri, ridge.Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D), 1 cm (E–G), and 5 mm (H, J)." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB6FFC8681C11274C919C45" box="[633,703,802,826]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-476@12.[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Maxilla of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; and F, posterior views; with F–J, close-up on G, the anterior surface of the maxilla in anterolateral view; H, the maxillary fossa in posterolateral view; I, the maxillary fossa and ascending process in lateral view; J, the anteromedial process in ventromedial view. Abbreviations: amb, anteromedial process; anr, anterior ramus; aof, antorbital fenestra; aor, antorbital ridge; asr, ascending ramus; av12, 12th maxillary alveolus; av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; idw, interdental wall; juc, jugal contact; lac, lacrimal contact; laof, lateral antorbital fossa; maf, maxillary alveolar foramina; mcf, maxillary circumfenestra foramina; mew, medial wall; mfo, maxillary fossa; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; nac, nasal contact; nug, nutrient groove; pac, palatine contact; pmc, premaxilla contact; ri, ridge.Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D), 1 cm (E–G), and 5 mm (H, J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824234/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFB6FFC86AF911474B2A9E1B" blockId="14.[128,779,144,1390]" lastBlockId="14.[824,1476,144,889]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
In ventral and dorsal views, the lateral margin of the maxilla and the medial surface of the medial wall are weakly anteroposteriorly convex and concave, respectively (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB6FFC868D611854EBA9CC8" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-476@12.[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Maxilla of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; and F, posterior views; with F–J, close-up on G, the anterior surface of the maxilla in anterolateral view; H, the maxillary fossa in posterolateral view; I, the maxillary fossa and ascending process in lateral view; J, the anteromedial process in ventromedial view. Abbreviations: amb, anteromedial process; anr, anterior ramus; aof, antorbital fenestra; aor, antorbital ridge; asr, ascending ramus; av12, 12th maxillary alveolus; av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; idw, interdental wall; juc, jugal contact; lac, lacrimal contact; laof, lateral antorbital fossa; maf, maxillary alveolar foramina; mcf, maxillary circumfenestra foramina; mew, medial wall; mfo, maxillary fossa; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; nac, nasal contact; nug, nutrient groove; pac, palatine contact; pmc, premaxilla contact; ri, ridge.Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D), 1 cm (E–G), and 5 mm (H, J)." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 4C, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB6FFC868D611854EBA9CC8" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-476@12.[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Maxilla of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; and F, posterior views; with F–J, close-up on G, the anterior surface of the maxilla in anterolateral view; H, the maxillary fossa in posterolateral view; I, the maxillary fossa and ascending process in lateral view; J, the anteromedial process in ventromedial view. Abbreviations: amb, anteromedial process; anr, anterior ramus; aof, antorbital fenestra; aor, antorbital ridge; asr, ascending ramus; av12, 12th maxillary alveolus; av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; idw, interdental wall; juc, jugal contact; lac, lacrimal contact; laof, lateral antorbital fossa; maf, maxillary alveolar foramina; mcf, maxillary circumfenestra foramina; mew, medial wall; mfo, maxillary fossa; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; nac, nasal contact; nug, nutrient groove; pac, palatine contact; pmc, premaxilla contact; ri, ridge.Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D), 1 cm (E–G), and 5 mm (H, J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824234/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 4C, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The medial process of the maxilla, which strongly protrudes medially from the medial wall, is subtriangular in outline, increasing in lateromedial thickness anteriorly. The posterior extremity of the maxilla where the jugal and lacrimal articulated, is slightly oriented laterally (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB6FFC86BF416184FD39B4B" box="[401,509,1053,1077]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-476@12.[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Maxilla of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; and F, posterior views; with F–J, close-up on G, the anterior surface of the maxilla in anterolateral view; H, the maxillary fossa in posterolateral view; I, the maxillary fossa and ascending process in lateral view; J, the anteromedial process in ventromedial view. Abbreviations: amb, anteromedial process; anr, anterior ramus; aof, antorbital fenestra; aor, antorbital ridge; asr, ascending ramus; av12, 12th maxillary alveolus; av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; idw, interdental wall; juc, jugal contact; lac, lacrimal contact; laof, lateral antorbital fossa; maf, maxillary alveolar foramina; mcf, maxillary circumfenestra foramina; mew, medial wall; mfo, maxillary fossa; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; nac, nasal contact; nug, nutrient groove; pac, palatine contact; pmc, premaxilla contact; ri, ridge.Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D), 1 cm (E–G), and 5 mm (H, J)." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 4C, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB6FFC86BF416184FD39B4B" box="[401,509,1053,1077]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-476@12.[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Maxilla of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; and F, posterior views; with F–J, close-up on G, the anterior surface of the maxilla in anterolateral view; H, the maxillary fossa in posterolateral view; I, the maxillary fossa and ascending process in lateral view; J, the anteromedial process in ventromedial view. Abbreviations: amb, anteromedial process; anr, anterior ramus; aof, antorbital fenestra; aor, antorbital ridge; asr, ascending ramus; av12, 12th maxillary alveolus; av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; idw, interdental wall; juc, jugal contact; lac, lacrimal contact; laof, lateral antorbital fossa; maf, maxillary alveolar foramina; mcf, maxillary circumfenestra foramina; mew, medial wall; mfo, maxillary fossa; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; nac, nasal contact; nug, nutrient groove; pac, palatine contact; pmc, premaxilla contact; ri, ridge.Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D), 1 cm (E–G), and 5 mm (H, J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824234/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 4C, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) but it is unknown if this is due to taphonomic deformations or from the fact that the skull widened at this level of the maxilla. In ventral view, the nutrient groove is filled with sediment and its lateromedial thickness slightly decreases posteriorly to become particularly narrow along the posterior fourth of the medial wall. The maxilla includes 13 alveoli gradually diminishing in size posteriorly (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB6FFC8688516DC4EB19A6F" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-476@12.[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Maxilla of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; and F, posterior views; with F–J, close-up on G, the anterior surface of the maxilla in anterolateral view; H, the maxillary fossa in posterolateral view; I, the maxillary fossa and ascending process in lateral view; J, the anteromedial process in ventromedial view. Abbreviations: amb, anteromedial process; anr, anterior ramus; aof, antorbital fenestra; aor, antorbital ridge; asr, ascending ramus; av12, 12th maxillary alveolus; av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; idw, interdental wall; juc, jugal contact; lac, lacrimal contact; laof, lateral antorbital fossa; maf, maxillary alveolar foramina; mcf, maxillary circumfenestra foramina; mew, medial wall; mfo, maxillary fossa; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; nac, nasal contact; nug, nutrient groove; pac, palatine contact; pmc, premaxilla contact; ri, ridge.Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D), 1 cm (E–G), and 5 mm (H, J)." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs 4D</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB6FFC8688516DC4EB19A6F" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-476@12.[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Maxilla of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; and F, posterior views; with F–J, close-up on G, the anterior surface of the maxilla in anterolateral view; H, the maxillary fossa in posterolateral view; I, the maxillary fossa and ascending process in lateral view; J, the anteromedial process in ventromedial view. Abbreviations: amb, anteromedial process; anr, anterior ramus; aof, antorbital fenestra; aor, antorbital ridge; asr, ascending ramus; av12, 12th maxillary alveolus; av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; idw, interdental wall; juc, jugal contact; lac, lacrimal contact; laof, lateral antorbital fossa; maf, maxillary alveolar foramina; mcf, maxillary circumfenestra foramina; mew, medial wall; mfo, maxillary fossa; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; nac, nasal contact; nug, nutrient groove; pac, palatine contact; pmc, premaxilla contact; ri, ridge.Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D), 1 cm (E–G), and 5 mm (H, J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824234/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs 4D</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB6FFC86ACA16FD4EC29A6F" box="[175,236,1272,1296]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="16.[128,193,1786,1810]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-287@16.[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 6. Maxillary dentition of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). A, maxillary teeth in medial view; B, posterior; C, anterior maxillary teeth in ventral view; close-up on the E, F, first; G, H, third; I, J, eighth; K, M; 10th maxillary teeth in labial (E, G, I, K), lingual (F, H, J, L), and apicolabial (M) views; O, P, close-up on the detached first maxillary crown in N, distal; O, apical; and P, mesiolingual views; Q, R, close-up on the distocentral denticles of the Q, first; and R, third maxillary crowns in labial views; S, close-up on the mesiocentral denticles of the third maxillary crown in lingual view. Abbreviations: av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; dca, distal carina; mca, mesial carina; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; mx12, 12th maxillary tooth; sps, spalled surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A–C), and 1 mm (D–R), 0.5 mm (S)." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">6A–C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB6FFC86ACA16FD4EC29A6F" box="[175,236,1272,1296]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="16.[128,193,1786,1810]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-287@16.[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 6. Maxillary dentition of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). A, maxillary teeth in medial view; B, posterior; C, anterior maxillary teeth in ventral view; close-up on the E, F, first; G, H, third; I, J, eighth; K, M; 10th maxillary teeth in labial (E, G, I, K), lingual (F, H, J, L), and apicolabial (M) views; O, P, close-up on the detached first maxillary crown in N, distal; O, apical; and P, mesiolingual views; Q, R, close-up on the distocentral denticles of the Q, first; and R, third maxillary crowns in labial views; S, close-up on the mesiocentral denticles of the third maxillary crown in lingual view. Abbreviations: av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; dca, distal carina; mca, mesial carina; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; mx12, 12th maxillary tooth; sps, spalled surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A–C), and 1 mm (D–R), 0.5 mm (S)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824240/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">6A–C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The alveoli are oval to subrectangular in outline, with weakly to strongly convex medial margins and flatter lateral borders. In dorsal view, the anteromedial process forms a pointy structure directed anteromedially (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB6FFC86B8417534C079A11" box="[481,553,1366,1390]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-476@12.[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Maxilla of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; and F, posterior views; with F–J, close-up on G, the anterior surface of the maxilla in anterolateral view; H, the maxillary fossa in posterolateral view; I, the maxillary fossa and ascending process in lateral view; J, the anteromedial process in ventromedial view. Abbreviations: amb, anteromedial process; anr, anterior ramus; aof, antorbital fenestra; aor, antorbital ridge; asr, ascending ramus; av12, 12th maxillary alveolus; av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; idw, interdental wall; juc, jugal contact; lac, lacrimal contact; laof, lateral antorbital fossa; maf, maxillary alveolar foramina; mcf, maxillary circumfenestra foramina; mew, medial wall; mfo, maxillary fossa; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; nac, nasal contact; nug, nutrient groove; pac, palatine contact; pmc, premaxilla contact; ri, ridge.Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D), 1 cm (E–G), and 5 mm (H, J)." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB6FFC86B8417534C079A11" box="[481,553,1366,1390]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-476@12.[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Maxilla of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; and F, posterior views; with F–J, close-up on G, the anterior surface of the maxilla in anterolateral view; H, the maxillary fossa in posterolateral view; I, the maxillary fossa and ascending process in lateral view; J, the anteromedial process in ventromedial view. Abbreviations: amb, anteromedial process; anr, anterior ramus; aof, antorbital fenestra; aor, antorbital ridge; asr, ascending ramus; av12, 12th maxillary alveolus; av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; idw, interdental wall; juc, jugal contact; lac, lacrimal contact; laof, lateral antorbital fossa; maf, maxillary alveolar foramina; mcf, maxillary circumfenestra foramina; mew, medial wall; mfo, maxillary fossa; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; nac, nasal contact; nug, nutrient groove; pac, palatine contact; pmc, premaxilla contact; ri, ridge.Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D), 1 cm (E–G), and 5 mm (H, J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824234/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The groove presents on the dorsal surface of the anteromedial process and separates the ventral ridge from the dorsal one, diminishing in lateromedial width anteriorly. The maxillary fossa is lateromedially narrow and delimited laterally by the antorbital ridge. The ascending ramus projects vertically from the maxillary body. The nasal contact, which is present on the anterior border of the ramus, corresponds to a smooth surface with no asperities.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFB6FFC8693013694B679C06" blockId="14.[824,1476,144,889]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
In anterior view, the contact with the premaxilla consists of a relatively uniform and flat surface with no rugosities (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB6FFC86F11138E4D629EBD" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-476@12.[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Maxilla of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; and F, posterior views; with F–J, close-up on G, the anterior surface of the maxilla in anterolateral view; H, the maxillary fossa in posterolateral view; I, the maxillary fossa and ascending process in lateral view; J, the anteromedial process in ventromedial view. Abbreviations: amb, anteromedial process; anr, anterior ramus; aof, antorbital fenestra; aor, antorbital ridge; asr, ascending ramus; av12, 12th maxillary alveolus; av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; idw, interdental wall; juc, jugal contact; lac, lacrimal contact; laof, lateral antorbital fossa; maf, maxillary alveolar foramina; mcf, maxillary circumfenestra foramina; mew, medial wall; mfo, maxillary fossa; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; nac, nasal contact; nug, nutrient groove; pac, palatine contact; pmc, premaxilla contact; ri, ridge.Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D), 1 cm (E–G), and 5 mm (H, J)." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 4E, G</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB6FFC86F11138E4D629EBD" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-476@12.[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Maxilla of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; and F, posterior views; with F–J, close-up on G, the anterior surface of the maxilla in anterolateral view; H, the maxillary fossa in posterolateral view; I, the maxillary fossa and ascending process in lateral view; J, the anteromedial process in ventromedial view. Abbreviations: amb, anteromedial process; anr, anterior ramus; aof, antorbital fenestra; aor, antorbital ridge; asr, ascending ramus; av12, 12th maxillary alveolus; av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; idw, interdental wall; juc, jugal contact; lac, lacrimal contact; laof, lateral antorbital fossa; maf, maxillary alveolar foramina; mcf, maxillary circumfenestra foramina; mew, medial wall; mfo, maxillary fossa; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; nac, nasal contact; nug, nutrient groove; pac, palatine contact; pmc, premaxilla contact; ri, ridge.Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D), 1 cm (E–G), and 5 mm (H, J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824234/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 4E, G</figureCitation>
|
||||
). A faint, dorsoventrally elongated, and diagonally oriented ridge extending lateroventrally is present on the dorsal two-thirds of the premaxillary contact (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB6FFC86ECB13EC4B349D7E" box="[1198,1306,489,513]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-476@12.[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Maxilla of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; and F, posterior views; with F–J, close-up on G, the anterior surface of the maxilla in anterolateral view; H, the maxillary fossa in posterolateral view; I, the maxillary fossa and ascending process in lateral view; J, the anteromedial process in ventromedial view. Abbreviations: amb, anteromedial process; anr, anterior ramus; aof, antorbital fenestra; aor, antorbital ridge; asr, ascending ramus; av12, 12th maxillary alveolus; av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; idw, interdental wall; juc, jugal contact; lac, lacrimal contact; laof, lateral antorbital fossa; maf, maxillary alveolar foramina; mcf, maxillary circumfenestra foramina; mew, medial wall; mfo, maxillary fossa; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; nac, nasal contact; nug, nutrient groove; pac, palatine contact; pmc, premaxilla contact; ri, ridge.Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D), 1 cm (E–G), and 5 mm (H, J)." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 4E, G</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB6FFC86ECB13EC4B349D7E" box="[1198,1306,489,513]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-476@12.[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Maxilla of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; and F, posterior views; with F–J, close-up on G, the anterior surface of the maxilla in anterolateral view; H, the maxillary fossa in posterolateral view; I, the maxillary fossa and ascending process in lateral view; J, the anteromedial process in ventromedial view. Abbreviations: amb, anteromedial process; anr, anterior ramus; aof, antorbital fenestra; aor, antorbital ridge; asr, ascending ramus; av12, 12th maxillary alveolus; av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; idw, interdental wall; juc, jugal contact; lac, lacrimal contact; laof, lateral antorbital fossa; maf, maxillary alveolar foramina; mcf, maxillary circumfenestra foramina; mew, medial wall; mfo, maxillary fossa; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; nac, nasal contact; nug, nutrient groove; pac, palatine contact; pmc, premaxilla contact; ri, ridge.Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D), 1 cm (E–G), and 5 mm (H, J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824234/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 4E, G</figureCitation>
|
||||
). This ridge extends dorsally from the anteromedial process to the lateral surface of the maxilla ventrally. A dorsoventrally elongated and diagonally oriented depression is present directly medial to this faint ridge and parallel to the later. This depression is shallow ventrally and increases in depth dorsally up to the ventral limit of the anteromedial process. In posterior view, the medial wall delimiting the lateral antorbital fossa is dorsoventrally convex and particularly thin, and the lateral margin of the maxillary fossa forms a symmetrically convex parabola (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB6FFC86EBF11064B0F9C64" box="[1242,1313,771,795]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-476@12.[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Maxilla of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; and F, posterior views; with F–J, close-up on G, the anterior surface of the maxilla in anterolateral view; H, the maxillary fossa in posterolateral view; I, the maxillary fossa and ascending process in lateral view; J, the anteromedial process in ventromedial view. Abbreviations: amb, anteromedial process; anr, anterior ramus; aof, antorbital fenestra; aor, antorbital ridge; asr, ascending ramus; av12, 12th maxillary alveolus; av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; idw, interdental wall; juc, jugal contact; lac, lacrimal contact; laof, lateral antorbital fossa; maf, maxillary alveolar foramina; mcf, maxillary circumfenestra foramina; mew, medial wall; mfo, maxillary fossa; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; nac, nasal contact; nug, nutrient groove; pac, palatine contact; pmc, premaxilla contact; ri, ridge.Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D), 1 cm (E–G), and 5 mm (H, J)." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB6FFC86EBF11064B0F9C64" box="[1242,1313,771,795]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-476@12.[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Maxilla of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; and F, posterior views; with F–J, close-up on G, the anterior surface of the maxilla in anterolateral view; H, the maxillary fossa in posterolateral view; I, the maxillary fossa and ascending process in lateral view; J, the anteromedial process in ventromedial view. Abbreviations: amb, anteromedial process; anr, anterior ramus; aof, antorbital fenestra; aor, antorbital ridge; asr, ascending ramus; av12, 12th maxillary alveolus; av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; idw, interdental wall; juc, jugal contact; lac, lacrimal contact; laof, lateral antorbital fossa; maf, maxillary alveolar foramina; mcf, maxillary circumfenestra foramina; mew, medial wall; mfo, maxillary fossa; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; nac, nasal contact; nug, nutrient groove; pac, palatine contact; pmc, premaxilla contact; ri, ridge.Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D), 1 cm (E–G), and 5 mm (H, J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824234/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The posterior extremity of the jugal ramus is slightly lateromedially wider in its central part and the lateral border of the jugal ramus is asymmetrically convex anterior to the jugal contact (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB6FFC86E9711644B179C06" box="[1266,1337,865,889]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-476@12.[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Maxilla of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; and F, posterior views; with F–J, close-up on G, the anterior surface of the maxilla in anterolateral view; H, the maxillary fossa in posterolateral view; I, the maxillary fossa and ascending process in lateral view; J, the anteromedial process in ventromedial view. Abbreviations: amb, anteromedial process; anr, anterior ramus; aof, antorbital fenestra; aor, antorbital ridge; asr, ascending ramus; av12, 12th maxillary alveolus; av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; idw, interdental wall; juc, jugal contact; lac, lacrimal contact; laof, lateral antorbital fossa; maf, maxillary alveolar foramina; mcf, maxillary circumfenestra foramina; mew, medial wall; mfo, maxillary fossa; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; nac, nasal contact; nug, nutrient groove; pac, palatine contact; pmc, premaxilla contact; ri, ridge.Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D), 1 cm (E–G), and 5 mm (H, J)." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB6FFC86E9711644B179C06" box="[1266,1337,865,889]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-476@12.[161,1441,879,1730]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Maxilla of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left maxilla in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, anterior; and F, posterior views; with F–J, close-up on G, the anterior surface of the maxilla in anterolateral view; H, the maxillary fossa in posterolateral view; I, the maxillary fossa and ascending process in lateral view; J, the anteromedial process in ventromedial view. Abbreviations: amb, anteromedial process; anr, anterior ramus; aof, antorbital fenestra; aor, antorbital ridge; asr, ascending ramus; av12, 12th maxillary alveolus; av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; idw, interdental wall; juc, jugal contact; lac, lacrimal contact; laof, lateral antorbital fossa; maf, maxillary alveolar foramina; mcf, maxillary circumfenestra foramina; mew, medial wall; mfo, maxillary fossa; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; nac, nasal contact; nug, nutrient groove; pac, palatine contact; pmc, premaxilla contact; ri, ridge.Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D), 1 cm (E–G), and 5 mm (H, J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824234" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824234/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFB6FFC86E35119D4A859CCD" blockId="14.[1104,1195,920,946]" box="[1104,1195,920,946]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
|
|
@ -503,12 +506,12 @@ Hendrickx
|
|||
2015a
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), a central piece of the quadrate ridge, and parts of the pterygoid flange (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB6FFC86E7B16394A779B2B" box="[1054,1113,1084,1108]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="14.[129,194,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-825@14.[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 5. Quadrate of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right quadrate in: A, anterior; B, lateral; C, posterior; D, medial; E, dorsal; F–G, ventral views; with F, tentative reconstruction of the mandibular articulation. Abbreviations: ecc, ectocondyle; enc, entocondyle; ics, intercondylar sulcus; lpq, lateral process, qh, quadrate head; qr, quadrate ridge; pfl, pterygoid flange; vsh, ventral shelf. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (E–G)." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB6FFC86E7B16394A779B2B" box="[1054,1113,1084,1108]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="14.[129,194,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-825@14.[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 5. Quadrate of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right quadrate in: A, anterior; B, lateral; C, posterior; D, medial; E, dorsal; F–G, ventral views; with F, tentative reconstruction of the mandibular articulation. Abbreviations: ecc, ectocondyle; enc, entocondyle; ics, intercondylar sulcus; lpq, lateral process, qh, quadrate head; qr, quadrate ridge; pfl, pterygoid flange; vsh, ventral shelf. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (E–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824238" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824238/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The ventral portion of the latter has been strongly reconstructed. This is particularly the case for the medial surface in which the reconstructed portion occupies a large part of the ventral half of the flange (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB6FFC86F70169F4BAF9BCD" box="[1301,1409,1178,1202]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="14.[129,194,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-825@14.[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 5. Quadrate of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right quadrate in: A, anterior; B, lateral; C, posterior; D, medial; E, dorsal; F–G, ventral views; with F, tentative reconstruction of the mandibular articulation. Abbreviations: ecc, ectocondyle; enc, entocondyle; ics, intercondylar sulcus; lpq, lateral process, qh, quadrate head; qr, quadrate ridge; pfl, pterygoid flange; vsh, ventral shelf. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (E–G)." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 5A–D</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB6FFC86F70169F4BAF9BCD" box="[1301,1409,1178,1202]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="14.[129,194,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-825@14.[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 5. Quadrate of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right quadrate in: A, anterior; B, lateral; C, posterior; D, medial; E, dorsal; F–G, ventral views; with F, tentative reconstruction of the mandibular articulation. Abbreviations: ecc, ectocondyle; enc, entocondyle; ics, intercondylar sulcus; lpq, lateral process, qh, quadrate head; qr, quadrate ridge; pfl, pterygoid flange; vsh, ventral shelf. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (E–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824238" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824238/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 5A–D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The pterygoid flange has also suffered multiple damages since 2012. Although the quadrate is not affected by distortion, the bone is broken in several places, with fractures running lateromedially or diagonally along the medial and posterior surfaces. The posterior surface is the least well-preserved of the quadrate, with some sediment glued to the central portion of the bone. The anterior and dorsal sides of the quadrate are, however, relatively intact.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DF4968A7FFB6FFC86AE4154B4ED298C4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" startId="14.[129,194,1870,1894]" targetBox="[161,1441,1424,1843]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="DF4968A7FFB6FFC86AE4154B4ED298C4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824238" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14824238" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824238/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" startId="14.[129,194,1870,1894]" targetBox="[161,1441,1424,1843]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFB6FFC86AE4154B4BB298E0" blockId="14.[129,1454,1870,1979]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B942E43DFFB6FFC86AE4154B4EF79818" bold="true" box="[129,217,1870,1895]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||||
Quadrate of
|
||||
|
|
@ -525,9 +528,9 @@ In posterior view, the
|
|||
<emphasis id="B942E43DFFB7FFC96BE012CA4FC09F99" box="[389,494,207,230]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Noasaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
quadrate is a dorsoventrally elongated bone flaring out ventrally from a lateromedially narrow quadrate head to a wider mandibular articulation (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB7FFC968B113084EBE9E3B" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="14.[129,194,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-825@14.[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 5. Quadrate of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right quadrate in: A, anterior; B, lateral; C, posterior; D, medial; E, dorsal; F–G, ventral views; with F, tentative reconstruction of the mandibular articulation. Abbreviations: ecc, ectocondyle; enc, entocondyle; ics, intercondylar sulcus; lpq, lateral process, qh, quadrate head; qr, quadrate ridge; pfl, pterygoid flange; vsh, ventral shelf. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (E–G)." pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB7FFC968B113084EBE9E3B" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="14.[129,194,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-825@14.[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 5. Quadrate of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right quadrate in: A, anterior; B, lateral; C, posterior; D, medial; E, dorsal; F–G, ventral views; with F, tentative reconstruction of the mandibular articulation. Abbreviations: ecc, ectocondyle; enc, entocondyle; ics, intercondylar sulcus; lpq, lateral process, qh, quadrate head; qr, quadrate ridge; pfl, pterygoid flange; vsh, ventral shelf. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (E–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824238" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824238/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). It is characterized by a lateromedially narrow, sub-vertical and poorly delimited, rod-shaped quadrate ridge running along the medial edge of the quadrate body. This ridge emerges ventrally at one-third of the body, well-dorsal to the mandibular articulation, and terminates dorsally directly ventral to the quadrate head. The quadrate body is delimited medially by two surfaces meeting at an obtuse angle at two-fifths of the bone height. The surface occupying the ventral two-fifths of the quadrate is flat surface and strongly slopes ventrally. Conversely, the surface along the remaining dorsal three-fifths of the bone is slightly convex and corresponds to the medial margin of the quadrate ridge. An incomplete lateral process is visible in posterior view, projecting strictly laterally from the quadrate body (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB7FFC968F910A04CC79DC3" box="[668,745,676,701]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="14.[129,194,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-825@14.[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 5. Quadrate of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right quadrate in: A, anterior; B, lateral; C, posterior; D, medial; E, dorsal; F–G, ventral views; with F, tentative reconstruction of the mandibular articulation. Abbreviations: ecc, ectocondyle; enc, entocondyle; ics, intercondylar sulcus; lpq, lateral process, qh, quadrate head; qr, quadrate ridge; pfl, pterygoid flange; vsh, ventral shelf. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (E–G)." pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB7FFC968F910A04CC79DC3" box="[668,745,676,701]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="14.[129,194,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-825@14.[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 5. Quadrate of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right quadrate in: A, anterior; B, lateral; C, posterior; D, medial; E, dorsal; F–G, ventral views; with F, tentative reconstruction of the mandibular articulation. Abbreviations: ecc, ectocondyle; enc, entocondyle; ics, intercondylar sulcus; lpq, lateral process, qh, quadrate head; qr, quadrate ridge; pfl, pterygoid flange; vsh, ventral shelf. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (E–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824238" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824238/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The dorsal margin of the lateral process strongly slopes ventrally and extends from the quadrate body well-ventral to the quadrate head. The ventral margin of the lateral process is sub-horizontal, mediolaterally convex in its preserved part and connects to the quadrate body at the level of the ectocondyle. Although
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA745DEFFB7FFC96A1411644F859C06" author="Bonaparte JF & Powell JE" box="[113,427,865,889]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="19 - 28" refId="ref40849" refString="Bonaparte JF, Powell JE. A continental assemblage of tetrapods from the Upper Cretaceous beds of El Brete, northwestern Argentina (Sauropoda-Coelurosauria-Carnosauria-Aves). Memoires de la Societe Geologique de France, Nouvelle Serie 1980; 139: 19 - 28." type="journal article" year="1980">Bonaparte and Powell (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
described a small quadrate foramen in
|
||||
|
|
@ -537,49 +540,49 @@ described a small quadrate foramen in
|
|||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA745DEFFB7FFC96B0211854CB39CE7" author="Carrano MT & Sampson SD" box="[359,669,896,920]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="183 - 236" refId="ref41797" refString="Carrano MT, Sampson SD. The phylogeny of Ceratosauria (Dinosauria: Theropoda). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 2008; 6: 183 - 236. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / s 1477201907002246" type="journal article" year="2008">Carrano and Sampson (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
scored it as absent in their datamatrix, the presence of a quadrate foramen cannot be determined given that the lateral border of the lateral process contacting the quadratojugal is unpreserved (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB7FFC968C211DB4EAD9B6A" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="14.[129,194,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-825@14.[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 5. Quadrate of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right quadrate in: A, anterior; B, lateral; C, posterior; D, medial; E, dorsal; F–G, ventral views; with F, tentative reconstruction of the mandibular articulation. Abbreviations: ecc, ectocondyle; enc, entocondyle; ics, intercondylar sulcus; lpq, lateral process, qh, quadrate head; qr, quadrate ridge; pfl, pterygoid flange; vsh, ventral shelf. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (E–G)." pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5A, C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB7FFC968C211DB4EAD9B6A" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="14.[129,194,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-825@14.[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 5. Quadrate of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right quadrate in: A, anterior; B, lateral; C, posterior; D, medial; E, dorsal; F–G, ventral views; with F, tentative reconstruction of the mandibular articulation. Abbreviations: ecc, ectocondyle; enc, entocondyle; ics, intercondylar sulcus; lpq, lateral process, qh, quadrate head; qr, quadrate ridge; pfl, pterygoid flange; vsh, ventral shelf. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (E–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824238" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824238/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5A, C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). It is also unknown whether the quadrate and quadratojugal were fused to each other or not (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B942E43DFFB7FFC96BBE16184C369B4B" box="[475,536,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">contra</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA745DEFFB7FFC9684716184CE79B4A" author="Bonaparte JF" box="[546,713,1053,1077]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 25" refId="ref40727" refString="Bonaparte JF. The Gondwanian theropod families Abelisauridae and Noasauridae. Historical Biology 1991; 5: 1 - 25. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 10292389109380385" type="journal article" year="1991">Bonaparte 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
; see Discussion). The surface along the central two-thirds of the quadrate and running from the quadrate ridge to the lateral process is lateromedially and dorsoventrally concave. No pneumatic fossa or foramina are visible on this posterior concavity but the surface is too badly preserved to rule out their presence. The articular surface of the quadrate head is convex and restricted to the posteriormost surface of the quadrate body. The ectocondyle extends only slightly posteriorly beneath the quadrate body and its dorsal margin forms a widely convex parabola (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB7FFC968FA17324CC79A31" box="[671,745,1334,1359]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="14.[129,194,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-825@14.[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 5. Quadrate of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right quadrate in: A, anterior; B, lateral; C, posterior; D, medial; E, dorsal; F–G, ventral views; with F, tentative reconstruction of the mandibular articulation. Abbreviations: ecc, ectocondyle; enc, entocondyle; ics, intercondylar sulcus; lpq, lateral process, qh, quadrate head; qr, quadrate ridge; pfl, pterygoid flange; vsh, ventral shelf. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (E–G)." pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB7FFC968FA17324CC79A31" box="[671,745,1334,1359]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="14.[129,194,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-825@14.[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 5. Quadrate of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right quadrate in: A, anterior; B, lateral; C, posterior; D, medial; E, dorsal; F–G, ventral views; with F, tentative reconstruction of the mandibular articulation. Abbreviations: ecc, ectocondyle; enc, entocondyle; ics, intercondylar sulcus; lpq, lateral process, qh, quadrate head; qr, quadrate ridge; pfl, pterygoid flange; vsh, ventral shelf. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (E–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824238" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824238/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Based on the preserved portion of the entocondyle, and given that more than a half of this condyle is missing, the mandibular articulation must have protruded strongly medially from the rest of the quadrate body, forming a prominent and pointy medial projection in posterior view. With the entocondyle and the lateral process complete, the quadrate likely had the shape of an Eifel-tower in posterior view.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFB7FFC96AE814374B649D40" blockId="15.[112,764,144,1985]" lastBlockId="15.[809,1461,144,1797]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
In medial and lateral views, the posterior margin of the quadrate body is concave and strongly arched, forming an almost perfectly and symmetrically curved parabola (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB7FFC9685614754CAF99F7" box="[563,641,1648,1672]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="14.[129,194,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-825@14.[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 5. Quadrate of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right quadrate in: A, anterior; B, lateral; C, posterior; D, medial; E, dorsal; F–G, ventral views; with F, tentative reconstruction of the mandibular articulation. Abbreviations: ecc, ectocondyle; enc, entocondyle; ics, intercondylar sulcus; lpq, lateral process, qh, quadrate head; qr, quadrate ridge; pfl, pterygoid flange; vsh, ventral shelf. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (E–G)." pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB7FFC9685614754CAF99F7" box="[563,641,1648,1672]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="14.[129,194,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-825@14.[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 5. Quadrate of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right quadrate in: A, anterior; B, lateral; C, posterior; D, medial; E, dorsal; F–G, ventral views; with F, tentative reconstruction of the mandibular articulation. Abbreviations: ecc, ectocondyle; enc, entocondyle; ics, intercondylar sulcus; lpq, lateral process, qh, quadrate head; qr, quadrate ridge; pfl, pterygoid flange; vsh, ventral shelf. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (E–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824238" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824238/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Although it is unknown how the quadrate articulated within the cranium, the quadrate head probably strongly projected posterodorsally and was probably positioned well-posterior from the mandibular articulation. The anteroposteriorly short quadrate ridge is only visible along the central two-fourths of the quadrate, being delimited anteriorly by a shallow furrow running dorsoventrally. A subtriangular pterygoid flange projecting anteriorly is visible in medial and lateral views (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB7FFC96BA4156E4C0698FD" box="[449,552,1898,1923]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="14.[129,194,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-825@14.[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 5. Quadrate of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right quadrate in: A, anterior; B, lateral; C, posterior; D, medial; E, dorsal; F–G, ventral views; with F, tentative reconstruction of the mandibular articulation. Abbreviations: ecc, ectocondyle; enc, entocondyle; ics, intercondylar sulcus; lpq, lateral process, qh, quadrate head; qr, quadrate ridge; pfl, pterygoid flange; vsh, ventral shelf. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (E–G)." pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5B, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB7FFC96BA4156E4C0698FD" box="[449,552,1898,1923]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="14.[129,194,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-825@14.[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 5. Quadrate of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right quadrate in: A, anterior; B, lateral; C, posterior; D, medial; E, dorsal; F–G, ventral views; with F, tentative reconstruction of the mandibular articulation. Abbreviations: ecc, ectocondyle; enc, entocondyle; ics, intercondylar sulcus; lpq, lateral process, qh, quadrate head; qr, quadrate ridge; pfl, pterygoid flange; vsh, ventral shelf. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (E–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824238" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824238/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5B, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The ratio between the anteroposterior length of the flange and the dorsoventral height of quadrate body is 0.45, corresponding to a moderately extended pterygoid flange. The flange projects from the quadrate head dorsally and reaches the quadrate around one-fifth of the quadrate body ventrally, well-dorsal to the mandibular articulation. Although figured as a triangular projection by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA745DEFFB7FFC96F2C12EB4DC39E5A" author="Bonaparte JF & Powell JE" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="19 - 28" refId="ref40849" refString="Bonaparte JF, Powell JE. A continental assemblage of tetrapods from the Upper Cretaceous beds of El Brete, northwestern Argentina (Sauropoda-Coelurosauria-Carnosauria-Aves). Memoires de la Societe Geologique de France, Nouvelle Serie 1980; 139: 19 - 28." type="journal article" year="1980">Bonaparte and Powell (1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: fig. 7C), the pterygoid flange is in fact subtrapezoidal, with a short subvertical anterior margin (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB7FFC96FE813284D649E1B" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="14.[129,194,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-825@14.[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 5. Quadrate of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right quadrate in: A, anterior; B, lateral; C, posterior; D, medial; E, dorsal; F–G, ventral views; with F, tentative reconstruction of the mandibular articulation. Abbreviations: ecc, ectocondyle; enc, entocondyle; ics, intercondylar sulcus; lpq, lateral process, qh, quadrate head; qr, quadrate ridge; pfl, pterygoid flange; vsh, ventral shelf. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (E–G)." pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB7FFC96FE813284D649E1B" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="14.[129,194,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-825@14.[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 5. Quadrate of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right quadrate in: A, anterior; B, lateral; C, posterior; D, medial; E, dorsal; F–G, ventral views; with F, tentative reconstruction of the mandibular articulation. Abbreviations: ecc, ectocondyle; enc, entocondyle; ics, intercondylar sulcus; lpq, lateral process, qh, quadrate head; qr, quadrate ridge; pfl, pterygoid flange; vsh, ventral shelf. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (E–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824238" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824238/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The dorsal margin of the flange is almost straight, whereas the ventral border is slightly convex. The medial fossa of the pterygoid flange is particularly shallow and no medial pneumatic foramen is present on the preserved part of the flange. A notch corresponding to the intercondylar sulcus between the ento- and ectocondyles is visible on the anterior portion of the mandibular articulation. It is, however, unknown whether this notch was visible when the entocondyle was completely preserved.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFB7FFC9692010424A439C26" blockId="15.[809,1461,144,1797]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
In anterior view, the pterygoid flange is subvertical and parallel to the long axis of the quadrate body (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB7FFC96E8210634B1C9D01" box="[1255,1330,614,638]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="14.[129,194,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-825@14.[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 5. Quadrate of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right quadrate in: A, anterior; B, lateral; C, posterior; D, medial; E, dorsal; F–G, ventral views; with F, tentative reconstruction of the mandibular articulation. Abbreviations: ecc, ectocondyle; enc, entocondyle; ics, intercondylar sulcus; lpq, lateral process, qh, quadrate head; qr, quadrate ridge; pfl, pterygoid flange; vsh, ventral shelf. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (E–G)." pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB7FFC96E8210634B1C9D01" box="[1255,1330,614,638]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="14.[129,194,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-825@14.[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 5. Quadrate of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right quadrate in: A, anterior; B, lateral; C, posterior; D, medial; E, dorsal; F–G, ventral views; with F, tentative reconstruction of the mandibular articulation. Abbreviations: ecc, ectocondyle; enc, entocondyle; ics, intercondylar sulcus; lpq, lateral process, qh, quadrate head; qr, quadrate ridge; pfl, pterygoid flange; vsh, ventral shelf. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (E–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824238" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824238/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The flange is straight along most of its lateral and medial surfaces and convex along the ventralmost margin from which projects a lateromedially narrow ventral shelf medially. A concave surface is visible on the lateroventral surface of the mandibular articulation. This concavity extends laterally from the lateral process to the lateral half of the ectocondyle and its dorsal margin forms a lateromedially convex parabola.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFB7FFC9692011644B4A9B4A" blockId="15.[809,1461,144,1797]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
In lateral view, the lateral process forms an anteroposteriorly thin and dorsoventrally convex bony projection with a parabolic curvature similar to that of the posterior surface of the quadrate body. The pterygoid flange is devoid of any pneumatic aperture or recess (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB7FFC969A211DB4A219C89" box="[967,1039,990,1014]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="14.[129,194,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-825@14.[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 5. Quadrate of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right quadrate in: A, anterior; B, lateral; C, posterior; D, medial; E, dorsal; F–G, ventral views; with F, tentative reconstruction of the mandibular articulation. Abbreviations: ecc, ectocondyle; enc, entocondyle; ics, intercondylar sulcus; lpq, lateral process, qh, quadrate head; qr, quadrate ridge; pfl, pterygoid flange; vsh, ventral shelf. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (E–G)." pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB7FFC969A211DB4A219C89" box="[967,1039,990,1014]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="14.[129,194,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-825@14.[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 5. Quadrate of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right quadrate in: A, anterior; B, lateral; C, posterior; D, medial; E, dorsal; F–G, ventral views; with F, tentative reconstruction of the mandibular articulation. Abbreviations: ecc, ectocondyle; enc, entocondyle; ics, intercondylar sulcus; lpq, lateral process, qh, quadrate head; qr, quadrate ridge; pfl, pterygoid flange; vsh, ventral shelf. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (E–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824238" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824238/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The ventral limit of the ectocondyle is convex, and anterior and posterior pointy projections are visible along the medial portion of the mandibular articulation.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFB7FFC9692016394B289A6F" blockId="15.[809,1461,144,1797]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
In dorsal view, the quadrate head forms a single, semispherical condyle with a strongly convex posterior margin and a more widely convex, almost subrectangular, anterior margin (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB7FFC96950169F4D529BCD" box="[821,892,1178,1202]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="14.[129,194,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-825@14.[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 5. Quadrate of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right quadrate in: A, anterior; B, lateral; C, posterior; D, medial; E, dorsal; F–G, ventral views; with F, tentative reconstruction of the mandibular articulation. Abbreviations: ecc, ectocondyle; enc, entocondyle; ics, intercondylar sulcus; lpq, lateral process, qh, quadrate head; qr, quadrate ridge; pfl, pterygoid flange; vsh, ventral shelf. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (E–G)." pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB7FFC96950169F4D529BCD" box="[821,892,1178,1202]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="14.[129,194,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-825@14.[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 5. Quadrate of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right quadrate in: A, anterior; B, lateral; C, posterior; D, medial; E, dorsal; F–G, ventral views; with F, tentative reconstruction of the mandibular articulation. Abbreviations: ecc, ectocondyle; enc, entocondyle; ics, intercondylar sulcus; lpq, lateral process, qh, quadrate head; qr, quadrate ridge; pfl, pterygoid flange; vsh, ventral shelf. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (E–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824238" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824238/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The pterygoid flange is straight and only projects anteriorly, perpendicular to the laterally projected lateral process. Both pterygoid flange and lateral process are thin bony laminae increasing in width towards the quadrate body.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFB7FFC96920171D4DF0987A" blockId="15.[809,1461,144,1797]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
In ventral view, the mandibular articulation is made of two condyles delimited by a shallow and poorly delimited intercondylar sulcus whose orientation cannot be determined (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB7FFC9695017704D8A9AF2" box="[821,932,1397,1421]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="14.[129,194,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-825@14.[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 5. Quadrate of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right quadrate in: A, anterior; B, lateral; C, posterior; D, medial; E, dorsal; F–G, ventral views; with F, tentative reconstruction of the mandibular articulation. Abbreviations: ecc, ectocondyle; enc, entocondyle; ics, intercondylar sulcus; lpq, lateral process, qh, quadrate head; qr, quadrate ridge; pfl, pterygoid flange; vsh, ventral shelf. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (E–G)." pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5F, G</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB7FFC9695017704D8A9AF2" box="[821,932,1397,1421]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="14.[129,194,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-825@14.[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 5. Quadrate of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right quadrate in: A, anterior; B, lateral; C, posterior; D, medial; E, dorsal; F–G, ventral views; with F, tentative reconstruction of the mandibular articulation. Abbreviations: ecc, ectocondyle; enc, entocondyle; ics, intercondylar sulcus; lpq, lateral process, qh, quadrate head; qr, quadrate ridge; pfl, pterygoid flange; vsh, ventral shelf. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (E–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824238" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824238/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5F, G</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Although incomplete, the entocondyle was almost certainly larger than the ectocondyle (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB7FFC96E9417904B179AD3" box="[1265,1337,1428,1453]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="14.[129,194,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-825@14.[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 5. Quadrate of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right quadrate in: A, anterior; B, lateral; C, posterior; D, medial; E, dorsal; F–G, ventral views; with F, tentative reconstruction of the mandibular articulation. Abbreviations: ecc, ectocondyle; enc, entocondyle; ics, intercondylar sulcus; lpq, lateral process, qh, quadrate head; qr, quadrate ridge; pfl, pterygoid flange; vsh, ventral shelf. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (E–G)." pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5F</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB7FFC96E9417904B179AD3" box="[1265,1337,1428,1453]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="14.[129,194,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-825@14.[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 5. Quadrate of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right quadrate in: A, anterior; B, lateral; C, posterior; D, medial; E, dorsal; F–G, ventral views; with F, tentative reconstruction of the mandibular articulation. Abbreviations: ecc, ectocondyle; enc, entocondyle; ics, intercondylar sulcus; lpq, lateral process, qh, quadrate head; qr, quadrate ridge; pfl, pterygoid flange; vsh, ventral shelf. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (E–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824238" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824238/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5F</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The latter forms an oval to oblong condyle whose long axis is strongly diagonally oriented from that of the mandibular articulation. The shape of the entocondyle is unknown but its long axis also appears to have been diagonally oriented from the long axis of the mandibular articulation. A lateromedially wide notch is visible on the posterior surface of the mandibular articulation, between the ento- and ectocondyles, whereas the anterior margin of the articulation forms a wide convexity along its preserved portion (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB7FFC9695014AA4D5499B9" box="[821,890,1710,1735]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="14.[129,194,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-825@14.[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 5. Quadrate of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right quadrate in: A, anterior; B, lateral; C, posterior; D, medial; E, dorsal; F–G, ventral views; with F, tentative reconstruction of the mandibular articulation. Abbreviations: ecc, ectocondyle; enc, entocondyle; ics, intercondylar sulcus; lpq, lateral process, qh, quadrate head; qr, quadrate ridge; pfl, pterygoid flange; vsh, ventral shelf. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (E–G)." pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5F</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB7FFC9695014AA4D5499B9" box="[821,890,1710,1735]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="14.[129,194,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-825@14.[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 5. Quadrate of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right quadrate in: A, anterior; B, lateral; C, posterior; D, medial; E, dorsal; F–G, ventral views; with F, tentative reconstruction of the mandibular articulation. Abbreviations: ecc, ectocondyle; enc, entocondyle; ics, intercondylar sulcus; lpq, lateral process, qh, quadrate head; qr, quadrate ridge; pfl, pterygoid flange; vsh, ventral shelf. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (E–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824238" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824238/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5F</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The lateral process connects to the ectocondyle anteriorly and the ventral shelf of the pterygoid flange is lateromedially narrow (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB7FFC969E614E84DE3987A" box="[899,973,1773,1797]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="14.[129,194,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-825@14.[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 5. Quadrate of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right quadrate in: A, anterior; B, lateral; C, posterior; D, medial; E, dorsal; F–G, ventral views; with F, tentative reconstruction of the mandibular articulation. Abbreviations: ecc, ectocondyle; enc, entocondyle; ics, intercondylar sulcus; lpq, lateral process, qh, quadrate head; qr, quadrate ridge; pfl, pterygoid flange; vsh, ventral shelf. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (E–G)." pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5G</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFB7FFC969E614E84DE3987A" box="[899,973,1773,1797]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="14.[129,194,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-825@14.[161,1441,1424,1843]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 5. Quadrate of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right quadrate in: A, anterior; B, lateral; C, posterior; D, medial; E, dorsal; F–G, ventral views; with F, tentative reconstruction of the mandibular articulation. Abbreviations: ecc, ectocondyle; enc, entocondyle; ics, intercondylar sulcus; lpq, lateral process, qh, quadrate head; qr, quadrate ridge; pfl, pterygoid flange; vsh, ventral shelf. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (E–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824238" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824238/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5G</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFB7FFC96E2715234AB59840" blockId="15.[810,1460,1830,1985]" box="[1090,1179,1830,1855]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
|
|
@ -603,13 +606,13 @@ to an indeterminate ‘Carnosauria’ were also recovered from the El Brete foss
|
|||
<emphasis id="B942E43DFFA8FFD66B5612EA4FB29E79" box="[307,412,239,262]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Noasaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
preserves five fully erupted crowns from the first, third, sixth, eighth, and 10th alveoli (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA8FFD668C913084CD69E5A" box="[684,760,269,293]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="16.[128,193,1786,1810]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-287@16.[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 6. Maxillary dentition of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). A, maxillary teeth in medial view; B, posterior; C, anterior maxillary teeth in ventral view; close-up on the E, F, first; G, H, third; I, J, eighth; K, M; 10th maxillary teeth in labial (E, G, I, K), lingual (F, H, J, L), and apicolabial (M) views; O, P, close-up on the detached first maxillary crown in N, distal; O, apical; and P, mesiolingual views; Q, R, close-up on the distocentral denticles of the Q, first; and R, third maxillary crowns in labial views; S, close-up on the mesiocentral denticles of the third maxillary crown in lingual view. Abbreviations: av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; dca, distal carina; mca, mesial carina; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; mx12, 12th maxillary tooth; sps, spalled surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A–C), and 1 mm (D–R), 0.5 mm (S)." pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA8FFD668C913084CD69E5A" box="[684,760,269,293]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="16.[128,193,1786,1810]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-287@16.[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 6. Maxillary dentition of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). A, maxillary teeth in medial view; B, posterior; C, anterior maxillary teeth in ventral view; close-up on the E, F, first; G, H, third; I, J, eighth; K, M; 10th maxillary teeth in labial (E, G, I, K), lingual (F, H, J, L), and apicolabial (M) views; O, P, close-up on the detached first maxillary crown in N, distal; O, apical; and P, mesiolingual views; Q, R, close-up on the distocentral denticles of the Q, first; and R, third maxillary crowns in labial views; S, close-up on the mesiocentral denticles of the third maxillary crown in lingual view. Abbreviations: av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; dca, distal carina; mca, mesial carina; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; mx12, 12th maxillary tooth; sps, spalled surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A–C), and 1 mm (D–R), 0.5 mm (S)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824240/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA745DEFFA8FFD66AE413284F9F9E3A" author="Bonaparte JF & Powell JE" box="[129,433,301,325]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="19 - 28" refId="ref40849" refString="Bonaparte JF, Powell JE. A continental assemblage of tetrapods from the Upper Cretaceous beds of El Brete, northwestern Argentina (Sauropoda-Coelurosauria-Carnosauria-Aves). Memoires de la Societe Geologique de France, Nouvelle Serie 1980; 139: 19 - 28." type="journal article" year="1980">Bonaparte and Powell (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA745DEFFA8FFD66B8613284C5D9E3A" author="Novas FE" box="[483,627,301,325]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref46399" refString="Novas FE. The Age of Dinosaurs in South America. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2009." type="book" year="2009">Novas (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
suggested that the maxilla had 10 or 11 teeth but 13 maxillary alveoli can be recognized in ventral view (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA8FFD66BFF136E4FD39EFC" box="[410,509,363,387]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="16.[128,193,1786,1810]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-287@16.[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 6. Maxillary dentition of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). A, maxillary teeth in medial view; B, posterior; C, anterior maxillary teeth in ventral view; close-up on the E, F, first; G, H, third; I, J, eighth; K, M; 10th maxillary teeth in labial (E, G, I, K), lingual (F, H, J, L), and apicolabial (M) views; O, P, close-up on the detached first maxillary crown in N, distal; O, apical; and P, mesiolingual views; Q, R, close-up on the distocentral denticles of the Q, first; and R, third maxillary crowns in labial views; S, close-up on the mesiocentral denticles of the third maxillary crown in lingual view. Abbreviations: av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; dca, distal carina; mca, mesial carina; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; mx12, 12th maxillary tooth; sps, spalled surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A–C), and 1 mm (D–R), 0.5 mm (S)." pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 6B, C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA8FFD66BFF136E4FD39EFC" box="[410,509,363,387]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="16.[128,193,1786,1810]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-287@16.[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 6. Maxillary dentition of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). A, maxillary teeth in medial view; B, posterior; C, anterior maxillary teeth in ventral view; close-up on the E, F, first; G, H, third; I, J, eighth; K, M; 10th maxillary teeth in labial (E, G, I, K), lingual (F, H, J, L), and apicolabial (M) views; O, P, close-up on the detached first maxillary crown in N, distal; O, apical; and P, mesiolingual views; Q, R, close-up on the distocentral denticles of the Q, first; and R, third maxillary crowns in labial views; S, close-up on the mesiocentral denticles of the third maxillary crown in lingual view. Abbreviations: av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; dca, distal carina; mca, mesial carina; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; mx12, 12th maxillary tooth; sps, spalled surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A–C), and 1 mm (D–R), 0.5 mm (S)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824240/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 6B, C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Only the Lmx8 crown is almost complete as the others are missing a small (Lmx1, Lmx6) or large portion (Lmx3, Lmx10) of the apex. A picture of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3643ACFFA8FFD66AE413CF4EC49E9E" authorityName="Bonaparte and Powell" authorityYear="1980" box="[129,234,458,481]" family="Noasauridae" genus="Noasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B942E43DFFA8FFD66AE413CF4EC49E9E" box="[129,234,458,481]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Noasaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
|
|
@ -638,11 +641,11 @@ Hendrickx
|
|||
, also known as ‘orthodont’ for the incisors of rodents;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA745DEFFA8FFD6695E10224DEA9D40" author="Thomas O" box="[827,964,551,575]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="289 - 90" refId="ref49144" refString="Thomas O. XXVIII. - The method of taking the incisive index in rodents. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 1919; 4: 289 - 90. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931908673892" type="journal article" year="1919">Thomas 1919</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) as it is the case in most theropods. Little variation exists in the morphology of the preserved maxillary teeth, which mainly differ in their compression and elongation. They are all slightly distally curved, with a weakly concave distal margin, so that the apex of the tooth lies at the same level as the distal margin of the crown at the cervix (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA9FFD76BE613084FE29E5A" box="[387,460,269,293]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="16.[128,193,1786,1810]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-287@16.[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 6. Maxillary dentition of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). A, maxillary teeth in medial view; B, posterior; C, anterior maxillary teeth in ventral view; close-up on the E, F, first; G, H, third; I, J, eighth; K, M; 10th maxillary teeth in labial (E, G, I, K), lingual (F, H, J, L), and apicolabial (M) views; O, P, close-up on the detached first maxillary crown in N, distal; O, apical; and P, mesiolingual views; Q, R, close-up on the distocentral denticles of the Q, first; and R, third maxillary crowns in labial views; S, close-up on the mesiocentral denticles of the third maxillary crown in lingual view. Abbreviations: av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; dca, distal carina; mca, mesial carina; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; mx12, 12th maxillary tooth; sps, spalled surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A–C), and 1 mm (D–R), 0.5 mm (S)." pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA9FFD76BE613084FE29E5A" box="[387,460,269,293]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="16.[128,193,1786,1810]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-287@16.[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 6. Maxillary dentition of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). A, maxillary teeth in medial view; B, posterior; C, anterior maxillary teeth in ventral view; close-up on the E, F, first; G, H, third; I, J, eighth; K, M; 10th maxillary teeth in labial (E, G, I, K), lingual (F, H, J, L), and apicolabial (M) views; O, P, close-up on the detached first maxillary crown in N, distal; O, apical; and P, mesiolingual views; Q, R, close-up on the distocentral denticles of the Q, first; and R, third maxillary crowns in labial views; S, close-up on the mesiocentral denticles of the third maxillary crown in lingual view. Abbreviations: av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; dca, distal carina; mca, mesial carina; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; mx12, 12th maxillary tooth; sps, spalled surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A–C), and 1 mm (D–R), 0.5 mm (S)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824240/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Although incomplete, none of the maxillary crowns appear to have exceeded
|
||||
<quantity id="4CCE95CAFFA9FFD768F713284CF49E3B" box="[658,730,301,325]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||||
in height, suggesting that the maxillary dentition was particularly short compared to the cranium’s height (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA9FFD76855136E4C559EFC" box="[560,635,363,387]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[113,178,1704,1728]" captionTargetBox="[148,1424,146,1672]" captionTargetId="figure-6@7.[146,1426,144,1676]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Preserved material and tentative reconstruction of Noasaurus leali. A, B, size estimation and position of the holotypic cranial and postcranial elements of Noasaurus leali (black silhouette with preserved material in white from Jaime A. Headden; used with permission; modified); C, skeletal reconstruction of Noasaurus leali in lateral view based on a reconstruction of Masiakasaurus knopfleri from Scott Hartman (used with permission; modified).Abbreviations:cva, cervical vertebral arch; ipc, indeterminate postcervical centrum; q, quadrate; m, maxilla; mcr, mid cervical rib; mpIII.1, first manual phalanx of digit III; mtII, metatarsal of digit II; muI?, manual ungual possibly from digit I; pcr, posterior cervical rib." pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA9FFD76855136E4C559EFC" box="[560,635,363,387]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[113,178,1704,1728]" captionTargetBox="[148,1424,146,1672]" captionTargetId="figure-6@7.[146,1426,144,1676]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Preserved material and tentative reconstruction of Noasaurus leali. A, B, size estimation and position of the holotypic cranial and postcranial elements of Noasaurus leali (black silhouette with preserved material in white from Jaime A. Headden; used with permission; modified); C, skeletal reconstruction of Noasaurus leali in lateral view based on a reconstruction of Masiakasaurus knopfleri from Scott Hartman (used with permission; modified).Abbreviations:cva, cervical vertebral arch; ipc, indeterminate postcervical centrum; q, quadrate; m, maxilla; mcr, mid cervical rib; mpIII.1, first manual phalanx of digit III; mtII, metatarsal of digit II; muI?, manual ungual possibly from digit I; pcr, posterior cervical rib." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824232" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824232/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The best-preserved crown (Lmx8) is almost
|
||||
<quantity id="4CCE95CAFFA9FFD76BBC138F4C3A9EDD" box="[473,532,394,418]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||||
in height, whereas the largest one Lmx3 (
|
||||
|
|
@ -668,16 +671,16 @@ in Lmx3. The first maxillary crown (
|
|||
>
|
||||
<quantity id="4CCE95CAFFA9FFD76BC710A04C2F9DC2" box="[418,513,677,701]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.67" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="2.67">2.67 mm</quantity>
|
||||
), which is only missing the apicalmost part of the crown (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA9FFD76BB110C14C199DA4" box="[468,567,708,732]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="16.[128,193,1786,1810]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-287@16.[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 6. Maxillary dentition of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). A, maxillary teeth in medial view; B, posterior; C, anterior maxillary teeth in ventral view; close-up on the E, F, first; G, H, third; I, J, eighth; K, M; 10th maxillary teeth in labial (E, G, I, K), lingual (F, H, J, L), and apicolabial (M) views; O, P, close-up on the detached first maxillary crown in N, distal; O, apical; and P, mesiolingual views; Q, R, close-up on the distocentral denticles of the Q, first; and R, third maxillary crowns in labial views; S, close-up on the mesiocentral denticles of the third maxillary crown in lingual view. Abbreviations: av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; dca, distal carina; mca, mesial carina; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; mx12, 12th maxillary tooth; sps, spalled surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A–C), and 1 mm (D–R), 0.5 mm (S)." pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 6E, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA9FFD76BB110C14C199DA4" box="[468,567,708,732]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="16.[128,193,1786,1810]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-287@16.[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 6. Maxillary dentition of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). A, maxillary teeth in medial view; B, posterior; C, anterior maxillary teeth in ventral view; close-up on the E, F, first; G, H, third; I, J, eighth; K, M; 10th maxillary teeth in labial (E, G, I, K), lingual (F, H, J, L), and apicolabial (M) views; O, P, close-up on the detached first maxillary crown in N, distal; O, apical; and P, mesiolingual views; Q, R, close-up on the distocentral denticles of the Q, first; and R, third maxillary crowns in labial views; S, close-up on the mesiocentral denticles of the third maxillary crown in lingual view. Abbreviations: av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; dca, distal carina; mca, mesial carina; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; mx12, 12th maxillary tooth; sps, spalled surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A–C), and 1 mm (D–R), 0.5 mm (S)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824240/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 6E, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
), was shorter than Lmx3, Lmx6, and Lmx8, and the smallest teeth were probably present in the distalmost maxillary alveoli. With a CBR ranging from 0.54 to 0.65, the maxillary crowns were weakly to moderately compressed, and Lmx1 was the thickest. The crown compression does not seem to follow a trend along the maxilla but the most compressed teeth appear to have been present in the distalmost portion of the maxilla (
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C6B40D94FFA9FFD76BBE119A4C079CC8" box="[475,553,927,951]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="9.[113,168,143,167]" captionTargetBox="[113,662,361,1468]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Table 3. Measurements and ratio variables in the maxillary dentition of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Data partly taken from Hendrickx et al. (2015c). Abbreviations:CBL, crown base length; CBR, crown base ratio; CBW, crown base width; CH, crown height; CHR, crown height ratio; DC, distocentral denticle density; de/5 mm, denticles per 5 mm; MC, mesiocentral denticle density; MCR, mid-crown ratio." pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C6B40D94FFA9FFD76BBE119A4C079CC8" box="[475,553,927,951]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="9.[113,168,143,167]" captionTargetBox="[113,662,361,1468]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Table 3. Measurements and ratio variables in the maxillary dentition of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Data partly taken from Hendrickx et al. (2015c). Abbreviations:CBL, crown base length; CBR, crown base ratio; CBW, crown base width; CH, crown height; CHR, crown height ratio; DC, distocentral denticle density; de/5 mm, denticles per 5 mm; MC, mesiocentral denticle density; MCR, mid-crown ratio." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4968A7FFB1FFCF6A14128A4E8D9E30" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" tableUuid="DF4968A7FFB1FFCF6A14128A4E8D9E30">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||||
). Little is known of the elongation of the maxillary crowns. The only complete tooth Lmx8 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA9FFD76AD911DB4F209C8A" box="[188,270,990,1014]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="16.[128,193,1786,1810]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-287@16.[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 6. Maxillary dentition of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). A, maxillary teeth in medial view; B, posterior; C, anterior maxillary teeth in ventral view; close-up on the E, F, first; G, H, third; I, J, eighth; K, M; 10th maxillary teeth in labial (E, G, I, K), lingual (F, H, J, L), and apicolabial (M) views; O, P, close-up on the detached first maxillary crown in N, distal; O, apical; and P, mesiolingual views; Q, R, close-up on the distocentral denticles of the Q, first; and R, third maxillary crowns in labial views; S, close-up on the mesiocentral denticles of the third maxillary crown in lingual view. Abbreviations: av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; dca, distal carina; mca, mesial carina; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; mx12, 12th maxillary tooth; sps, spalled surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A–C), and 1 mm (D–R), 0.5 mm (S)." pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 6I, J</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA9FFD76AD911DB4F209C8A" box="[188,270,990,1014]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="16.[128,193,1786,1810]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-287@16.[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 6. Maxillary dentition of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). A, maxillary teeth in medial view; B, posterior; C, anterior maxillary teeth in ventral view; close-up on the E, F, first; G, H, third; I, J, eighth; K, M; 10th maxillary teeth in labial (E, G, I, K), lingual (F, H, J, L), and apicolabial (M) views; O, P, close-up on the detached first maxillary crown in N, distal; O, apical; and P, mesiolingual views; Q, R, close-up on the distocentral denticles of the Q, first; and R, third maxillary crowns in labial views; S, close-up on the mesiocentral denticles of the third maxillary crown in lingual view. Abbreviations: av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; dca, distal carina; mca, mesial carina; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; mx12, 12th maxillary tooth; sps, spalled surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A–C), and 1 mm (D–R), 0.5 mm (S)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824240/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 6I, J</figureCitation>
|
||||
) has a normal elongation (CHR = 1.64) and the other partially preserved crowns seem to have had similar elongation. A cross-section of mx3, which is missing the apex, reveals that the cross-sectional outline of this crown was lenticular, with almost symmetrically convex labial and lingual margins (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA9FFD768B1165E4EA39BEC" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="16.[128,193,1786,1810]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-287@16.[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 6. Maxillary dentition of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). A, maxillary teeth in medial view; B, posterior; C, anterior maxillary teeth in ventral view; close-up on the E, F, first; G, H, third; I, J, eighth; K, M; 10th maxillary teeth in labial (E, G, I, K), lingual (F, H, J, L), and apicolabial (M) views; O, P, close-up on the detached first maxillary crown in N, distal; O, apical; and P, mesiolingual views; Q, R, close-up on the distocentral denticles of the Q, first; and R, third maxillary crowns in labial views; S, close-up on the mesiocentral denticles of the third maxillary crown in lingual view. Abbreviations: av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; dca, distal carina; mca, mesial carina; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; mx12, 12th maxillary tooth; sps, spalled surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A–C), and 1 mm (D–R), 0.5 mm (S)." pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA9FFD768B1165E4EA39BEC" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="16.[128,193,1786,1810]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-287@16.[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 6. Maxillary dentition of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). A, maxillary teeth in medial view; B, posterior; C, anterior maxillary teeth in ventral view; close-up on the E, F, first; G, H, third; I, J, eighth; K, M; 10th maxillary teeth in labial (E, G, I, K), lingual (F, H, J, L), and apicolabial (M) views; O, P, close-up on the detached first maxillary crown in N, distal; O, apical; and P, mesiolingual views; Q, R, close-up on the distocentral denticles of the Q, first; and R, third maxillary crowns in labial views; S, close-up on the mesiocentral denticles of the third maxillary crown in lingual view. Abbreviations: av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; dca, distal carina; mca, mesial carina; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; mx12, 12th maxillary tooth; sps, spalled surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A–C), and 1 mm (D–R), 0.5 mm (S)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824240/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The labial side is only slightly more angular in its central part than the lingual one. All the preserved maxillary teeth are believed to have a lenticular or lanceolate cross-sectional outline at the base and at mid-crown.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DF4968A7FFA8FFD66AE514FF4D5898C4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" startId="16.[128,193,1786,1810]" targetBox="[161,1441,650,1758]" targetPageId="16" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="DF4968A7FFA8FFD66AE514FF4D5898C4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824240" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14824240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824240/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" startId="16.[128,193,1786,1810]" targetBox="[161,1441,650,1758]" targetPageId="16" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFA8FFD66AE514FF4D5898C4" blockId="16.[128,1460,1786,1979]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B942E43DFFA8FFD66AE514FF4EF9986C" bold="true" box="[128,215,1786,1811]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||||
Maxillary dentition of
|
||||
|
|
@ -689,31 +692,31 @@ Maxillary dentition of
|
|||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFA9FFD76AE816FD4AF49DA3" blockId="17.[112,765,144,1954]" lastBlockId="17.[809,1460,144,1139]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||||
The maxillary crowns all have straight or weakly apicobasally arched mesial and distal carinae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA9FFD76BBD17124C069A50" box="[472,552,1303,1327]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="16.[128,193,1786,1810]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-287@16.[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 6. Maxillary dentition of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). A, maxillary teeth in medial view; B, posterior; C, anterior maxillary teeth in ventral view; close-up on the E, F, first; G, H, third; I, J, eighth; K, M; 10th maxillary teeth in labial (E, G, I, K), lingual (F, H, J, L), and apicolabial (M) views; O, P, close-up on the detached first maxillary crown in N, distal; O, apical; and P, mesiolingual views; Q, R, close-up on the distocentral denticles of the Q, first; and R, third maxillary crowns in labial views; S, close-up on the mesiocentral denticles of the third maxillary crown in lingual view. Abbreviations: av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; dca, distal carina; mca, mesial carina; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; mx12, 12th maxillary tooth; sps, spalled surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A–C), and 1 mm (D–R), 0.5 mm (S)." pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 6N</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA9FFD76BBD17124C069A50" box="[472,552,1303,1327]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="16.[128,193,1786,1810]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-287@16.[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 6. Maxillary dentition of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). A, maxillary teeth in medial view; B, posterior; C, anterior maxillary teeth in ventral view; close-up on the E, F, first; G, H, third; I, J, eighth; K, M; 10th maxillary teeth in labial (E, G, I, K), lingual (F, H, J, L), and apicolabial (M) views; O, P, close-up on the detached first maxillary crown in N, distal; O, apical; and P, mesiolingual views; Q, R, close-up on the distocentral denticles of the Q, first; and R, third maxillary crowns in labial views; S, close-up on the mesiocentral denticles of the third maxillary crown in lingual view. Abbreviations: av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; dca, distal carina; mca, mesial carina; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; mx12, 12th maxillary tooth; sps, spalled surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A–C), and 1 mm (D–R), 0.5 mm (S)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824240/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 6N</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The mesial carina is centrally positioned on the mesial surface in all preserved crowns other than Lmx
|
||||
<quantity id="4CCE95CAFFA9FFD76B0A17534FB99A11" box="[367,407,1366,1390]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.032" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="in" value="8.0">8 in</quantity>
|
||||
which it slightly twists on to the mesiolingual surface basally (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA9FFD76BDD17704C249AF2" box="[440,522,1397,1421]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="16.[128,193,1786,1810]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-287@16.[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 6. Maxillary dentition of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). A, maxillary teeth in medial view; B, posterior; C, anterior maxillary teeth in ventral view; close-up on the E, F, first; G, H, third; I, J, eighth; K, M; 10th maxillary teeth in labial (E, G, I, K), lingual (F, H, J, L), and apicolabial (M) views; O, P, close-up on the detached first maxillary crown in N, distal; O, apical; and P, mesiolingual views; Q, R, close-up on the distocentral denticles of the Q, first; and R, third maxillary crowns in labial views; S, close-up on the mesiocentral denticles of the third maxillary crown in lingual view. Abbreviations: av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; dca, distal carina; mca, mesial carina; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; mx12, 12th maxillary tooth; sps, spalled surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A–C), and 1 mm (D–R), 0.5 mm (S)." pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA9FFD76BDD17704C249AF2" box="[440,522,1397,1421]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="16.[128,193,1786,1810]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-287@16.[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 6. Maxillary dentition of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). A, maxillary teeth in medial view; B, posterior; C, anterior maxillary teeth in ventral view; close-up on the E, F, first; G, H, third; I, J, eighth; K, M; 10th maxillary teeth in labial (E, G, I, K), lingual (F, H, J, L), and apicolabial (M) views; O, P, close-up on the detached first maxillary crown in N, distal; O, apical; and P, mesiolingual views; Q, R, close-up on the distocentral denticles of the Q, first; and R, third maxillary crowns in labial views; S, close-up on the mesiocentral denticles of the third maxillary crown in lingual view. Abbreviations: av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; dca, distal carina; mca, mesial carina; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; mx12, 12th maxillary tooth; sps, spalled surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A–C), and 1 mm (D–R), 0.5 mm (S)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824240/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The distal carina is also either centrally positioned or slightly labially displaced, as seen in Lmx1 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA9FFD76B5217B14FA79AB3" box="[311,393,1460,1484]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="16.[128,193,1786,1810]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-287@16.[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 6. Maxillary dentition of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). A, maxillary teeth in medial view; B, posterior; C, anterior maxillary teeth in ventral view; close-up on the E, F, first; G, H, third; I, J, eighth; K, M; 10th maxillary teeth in labial (E, G, I, K), lingual (F, H, J, L), and apicolabial (M) views; O, P, close-up on the detached first maxillary crown in N, distal; O, apical; and P, mesiolingual views; Q, R, close-up on the distocentral denticles of the Q, first; and R, third maxillary crowns in labial views; S, close-up on the mesiocentral denticles of the third maxillary crown in lingual view. Abbreviations: av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; dca, distal carina; mca, mesial carina; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; mx12, 12th maxillary tooth; sps, spalled surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A–C), and 1 mm (D–R), 0.5 mm (S)." pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 6N</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA9FFD76B5217B14FA79AB3" box="[311,393,1460,1484]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="16.[128,193,1786,1810]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-287@16.[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 6. Maxillary dentition of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). A, maxillary teeth in medial view; B, posterior; C, anterior maxillary teeth in ventral view; close-up on the E, F, first; G, H, third; I, J, eighth; K, M; 10th maxillary teeth in labial (E, G, I, K), lingual (F, H, J, L), and apicolabial (M) views; O, P, close-up on the detached first maxillary crown in N, distal; O, apical; and P, mesiolingual views; Q, R, close-up on the distocentral denticles of the Q, first; and R, third maxillary crowns in labial views; S, close-up on the mesiocentral denticles of the third maxillary crown in lingual view. Abbreviations: av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; dca, distal carina; mca, mesial carina; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; mx12, 12th maxillary tooth; sps, spalled surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A–C), and 1 mm (D–R), 0.5 mm (S)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824240/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 6N</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and Lmx8. A denticulated distal carina is present in all teeth, whereas mesial denticles can be observed in at least Lmx3 and Lmx8 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA9FFD7687017F64C509974" box="[533,638,1523,1547]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="16.[128,193,1786,1810]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-287@16.[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 6. Maxillary dentition of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). A, maxillary teeth in medial view; B, posterior; C, anterior maxillary teeth in ventral view; close-up on the E, F, first; G, H, third; I, J, eighth; K, M; 10th maxillary teeth in labial (E, G, I, K), lingual (F, H, J, L), and apicolabial (M) views; O, P, close-up on the detached first maxillary crown in N, distal; O, apical; and P, mesiolingual views; Q, R, close-up on the distocentral denticles of the Q, first; and R, third maxillary crowns in labial views; S, close-up on the mesiocentral denticles of the third maxillary crown in lingual view. Abbreviations: av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; dca, distal carina; mca, mesial carina; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; mx12, 12th maxillary tooth; sps, spalled surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A–C), and 1 mm (D–R), 0.5 mm (S)." pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 6H–J</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA9FFD7687017F64C509974" box="[533,638,1523,1547]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="16.[128,193,1786,1810]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-287@16.[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 6. Maxillary dentition of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). A, maxillary teeth in medial view; B, posterior; C, anterior maxillary teeth in ventral view; close-up on the E, F, first; G, H, third; I, J, eighth; K, M; 10th maxillary teeth in labial (E, G, I, K), lingual (F, H, J, L), and apicolabial (M) views; O, P, close-up on the detached first maxillary crown in N, distal; O, apical; and P, mesiolingual views; Q, R, close-up on the distocentral denticles of the Q, first; and R, third maxillary crowns in labial views; S, close-up on the mesiocentral denticles of the third maxillary crown in lingual view. Abbreviations: av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; dca, distal carina; mca, mesial carina; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; mx12, 12th maxillary tooth; sps, spalled surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A–C), and 1 mm (D–R), 0.5 mm (S)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824240/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 6H–J</figureCitation>
|
||||
). As noted by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA745DEFFA9FFD76AF214174F7D9955" author="Candeiro CRA" box="[151,339,1554,1578]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref41558" refString="Candeiro CRA. Padroes morfologicos dos dentes de Abelisauroidea y Carcharodontosauridae (Theropoda, Dinosauria) do Cretaceo da America do Sul. Unpublished Ph. D. Thesis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Geologia, 2007." type="book" year="2007">Candeiro (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, the mesial denticles are significantly smaller than those of the distal carina. We calculated a denticle density of 20 to 25 distal denticles and 32.5 mesial denticles per
|
||||
<quantity id="4CCE95CAFFA9FFD76AA814754F2499F8" box="[205,266,1648,1672]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||||
at mid-crown (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA9FFD76BC814754FDD99F7" box="[429,499,1648,1672]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="16.[128,193,1786,1810]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-287@16.[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 6. Maxillary dentition of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). A, maxillary teeth in medial view; B, posterior; C, anterior maxillary teeth in ventral view; close-up on the E, F, first; G, H, third; I, J, eighth; K, M; 10th maxillary teeth in labial (E, G, I, K), lingual (F, H, J, L), and apicolabial (M) views; O, P, close-up on the detached first maxillary crown in N, distal; O, apical; and P, mesiolingual views; Q, R, close-up on the distocentral denticles of the Q, first; and R, third maxillary crowns in labial views; S, close-up on the mesiocentral denticles of the third maxillary crown in lingual view. Abbreviations: av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; dca, distal carina; mca, mesial carina; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; mx12, 12th maxillary tooth; sps, spalled surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A–C), and 1 mm (D–R), 0.5 mm (S)." pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 6S</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA9FFD76BC814754FDD99F7" box="[429,499,1648,1672]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="16.[128,193,1786,1810]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-287@16.[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 6. Maxillary dentition of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). A, maxillary teeth in medial view; B, posterior; C, anterior maxillary teeth in ventral view; close-up on the E, F, first; G, H, third; I, J, eighth; K, M; 10th maxillary teeth in labial (E, G, I, K), lingual (F, H, J, L), and apicolabial (M) views; O, P, close-up on the detached first maxillary crown in N, distal; O, apical; and P, mesiolingual views; Q, R, close-up on the distocentral denticles of the Q, first; and R, third maxillary crowns in labial views; S, close-up on the mesiocentral denticles of the third maxillary crown in lingual view. Abbreviations: av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; dca, distal carina; mca, mesial carina; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; mx12, 12th maxillary tooth; sps, spalled surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A–C), and 1 mm (D–R), 0.5 mm (S)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824240/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 6S</figureCitation>
|
||||
), giving a DSDI of 1.3 to 1.44 for the maxillary crowns. The distal denticles can be seen along the whole crown height in all preserved crowns. Mesial denticles are more difficult to discern but the denticulated mesial carina also appears to extend to the cervix in Lmx3, Lmx8, and Lmx10, and possibly Lmx1. The mesial carina of Lmx10 is devoid of denticles suggesting the fact that mesial denticles were probably absent in the distalmost maxillary teeth (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA9FFD768B6154E4EB898FC" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="16.[128,193,1786,1810]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-287@16.[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 6. Maxillary dentition of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). A, maxillary teeth in medial view; B, posterior; C, anterior maxillary teeth in ventral view; close-up on the E, F, first; G, H, third; I, J, eighth; K, M; 10th maxillary teeth in labial (E, G, I, K), lingual (F, H, J, L), and apicolabial (M) views; O, P, close-up on the detached first maxillary crown in N, distal; O, apical; and P, mesiolingual views; Q, R, close-up on the distocentral denticles of the Q, first; and R, third maxillary crowns in labial views; S, close-up on the mesiocentral denticles of the third maxillary crown in lingual view. Abbreviations: av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; dca, distal carina; mca, mesial carina; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; mx12, 12th maxillary tooth; sps, spalled surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A–C), and 1 mm (D–R), 0.5 mm (S)." pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 6M</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA9FFD768B6154E4EB898FC" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="16.[128,193,1786,1810]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-287@16.[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 6. Maxillary dentition of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). A, maxillary teeth in medial view; B, posterior; C, anterior maxillary teeth in ventral view; close-up on the E, F, first; G, H, third; I, J, eighth; K, M; 10th maxillary teeth in labial (E, G, I, K), lingual (F, H, J, L), and apicolabial (M) views; O, P, close-up on the detached first maxillary crown in N, distal; O, apical; and P, mesiolingual views; Q, R, close-up on the distocentral denticles of the Q, first; and R, third maxillary crowns in labial views; S, close-up on the mesiocentral denticles of the third maxillary crown in lingual view. Abbreviations: av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; dca, distal carina; mca, mesial carina; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; mx12, 12th maxillary tooth; sps, spalled surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A–C), and 1 mm (D–R), 0.5 mm (S)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824240/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 6M</figureCitation>
|
||||
). With an estimation of less than 30 denticles along the whole distal carina, the distal denticles are particularly large compared to the crown height (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA9FFD76E1012954AEC9FD7" box="[1141,1218,144,168]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="16.[128,193,1786,1810]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-287@16.[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 6. Maxillary dentition of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). A, maxillary teeth in medial view; B, posterior; C, anterior maxillary teeth in ventral view; close-up on the E, F, first; G, H, third; I, J, eighth; K, M; 10th maxillary teeth in labial (E, G, I, K), lingual (F, H, J, L), and apicolabial (M) views; O, P, close-up on the detached first maxillary crown in N, distal; O, apical; and P, mesiolingual views; Q, R, close-up on the distocentral denticles of the Q, first; and R, third maxillary crowns in labial views; S, close-up on the mesiocentral denticles of the third maxillary crown in lingual view. Abbreviations: av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; dca, distal carina; mca, mesial carina; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; mx12, 12th maxillary tooth; sps, spalled surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A–C), and 1 mm (D–R), 0.5 mm (S)." pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 6G</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA9FFD76E1012954AEC9FD7" box="[1141,1218,144,168]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="16.[128,193,1786,1810]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-287@16.[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 6. Maxillary dentition of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). A, maxillary teeth in medial view; B, posterior; C, anterior maxillary teeth in ventral view; close-up on the E, F, first; G, H, third; I, J, eighth; K, M; 10th maxillary teeth in labial (E, G, I, K), lingual (F, H, J, L), and apicolabial (M) views; O, P, close-up on the detached first maxillary crown in N, distal; O, apical; and P, mesiolingual views; Q, R, close-up on the distocentral denticles of the Q, first; and R, third maxillary crowns in labial views; S, close-up on the mesiocentral denticles of the third maxillary crown in lingual view. Abbreviations: av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; dca, distal carina; mca, mesial carina; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; mx12, 12th maxillary tooth; sps, spalled surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A–C), and 1 mm (D–R), 0.5 mm (S)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824240/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 6G</figureCitation>
|
||||
). We counted 10 distal denticles on the basal half of Lmx3, indicating that the number of denticles on the distal carina was probably close to 20. The distal denticles do not diminish in size basally (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA9FFD76F2B12EB4B8C9E79" box="[1358,1442,238,262]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="16.[128,193,1786,1810]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-287@16.[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 6. Maxillary dentition of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). A, maxillary teeth in medial view; B, posterior; C, anterior maxillary teeth in ventral view; close-up on the E, F, first; G, H, third; I, J, eighth; K, M; 10th maxillary teeth in labial (E, G, I, K), lingual (F, H, J, L), and apicolabial (M) views; O, P, close-up on the detached first maxillary crown in N, distal; O, apical; and P, mesiolingual views; Q, R, close-up on the distocentral denticles of the Q, first; and R, third maxillary crowns in labial views; S, close-up on the mesiocentral denticles of the third maxillary crown in lingual view. Abbreviations: av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; dca, distal carina; mca, mesial carina; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; mx12, 12th maxillary tooth; sps, spalled surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A–C), and 1 mm (D–R), 0.5 mm (S)." pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 6G</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA9FFD76F2B12EB4B8C9E79" box="[1358,1442,238,262]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="16.[128,193,1786,1810]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-287@16.[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 6. Maxillary dentition of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). A, maxillary teeth in medial view; B, posterior; C, anterior maxillary teeth in ventral view; close-up on the E, F, first; G, H, third; I, J, eighth; K, M; 10th maxillary teeth in labial (E, G, I, K), lingual (F, H, J, L), and apicolabial (M) views; O, P, close-up on the detached first maxillary crown in N, distal; O, apical; and P, mesiolingual views; Q, R, close-up on the distocentral denticles of the Q, first; and R, third maxillary crowns in labial views; S, close-up on the mesiocentral denticles of the third maxillary crown in lingual view. Abbreviations: av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; dca, distal carina; mca, mesial carina; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; mx12, 12th maxillary tooth; sps, spalled surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A–C), and 1 mm (D–R), 0.5 mm (S)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824240/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 6G</figureCitation>
|
||||
). When complete, the distal denticles project perpendicularly from the distal carina and are subquadrangular in outline, with a parabolic and symmetrically convex external margin (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA9FFD76FE913494D469EFC" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="16.[128,193,1786,1810]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-287@16.[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 6. Maxillary dentition of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). A, maxillary teeth in medial view; B, posterior; C, anterior maxillary teeth in ventral view; close-up on the E, F, first; G, H, third; I, J, eighth; K, M; 10th maxillary teeth in labial (E, G, I, K), lingual (F, H, J, L), and apicolabial (M) views; O, P, close-up on the detached first maxillary crown in N, distal; O, apical; and P, mesiolingual views; Q, R, close-up on the distocentral denticles of the Q, first; and R, third maxillary crowns in labial views; S, close-up on the mesiocentral denticles of the third maxillary crown in lingual view. Abbreviations: av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; dca, distal carina; mca, mesial carina; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; mx12, 12th maxillary tooth; sps, spalled surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A–C), and 1 mm (D–R), 0.5 mm (S)." pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 6Q, R</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA9FFD76FE913494D469EFC" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="16.[128,193,1786,1810]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-287@16.[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 6. Maxillary dentition of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). A, maxillary teeth in medial view; B, posterior; C, anterior maxillary teeth in ventral view; close-up on the E, F, first; G, H, third; I, J, eighth; K, M; 10th maxillary teeth in labial (E, G, I, K), lingual (F, H, J, L), and apicolabial (M) views; O, P, close-up on the detached first maxillary crown in N, distal; O, apical; and P, mesiolingual views; Q, R, close-up on the distocentral denticles of the Q, first; and R, third maxillary crowns in labial views; S, close-up on the mesiocentral denticles of the third maxillary crown in lingual view. Abbreviations: av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; dca, distal carina; mca, mesial carina; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; mx12, 12th maxillary tooth; sps, spalled surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A–C), and 1 mm (D–R), 0.5 mm (S)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824240/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 6Q, R</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The interdenticular space is narrow, and short and diagonally oriented interdenticular sulci are present on the labial side of Lmx8, between the baso- and centrodistal denticles. Interdenticular sulci, however, appear to be absent between the distal denticles of the other preserved crowns. The mesial denticles are minute and difficult to distinguish in Lmx3 and Lmx8, whereas their presence is unknown in Lmx1. The most complete and best-preserved mesial denticles are seen in Lmx3 at mid-crown where they are short, poorly defined, apicobasally subrectangular in outline, and with a symmetrically convex external margin (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA9FFD76E3F10A04A8F9DC2" box="[1114,1185,677,701]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="16.[128,193,1786,1810]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-287@16.[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 6. Maxillary dentition of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). A, maxillary teeth in medial view; B, posterior; C, anterior maxillary teeth in ventral view; close-up on the E, F, first; G, H, third; I, J, eighth; K, M; 10th maxillary teeth in labial (E, G, I, K), lingual (F, H, J, L), and apicolabial (M) views; O, P, close-up on the detached first maxillary crown in N, distal; O, apical; and P, mesiolingual views; Q, R, close-up on the distocentral denticles of the Q, first; and R, third maxillary crowns in labial views; S, close-up on the mesiocentral denticles of the third maxillary crown in lingual view. Abbreviations: av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; dca, distal carina; mca, mesial carina; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; mx12, 12th maxillary tooth; sps, spalled surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A–C), and 1 mm (D–R), 0.5 mm (S)." pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 6S</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA9FFD76E3F10A04A8F9DC2" box="[1114,1185,677,701]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="16.[128,193,1786,1810]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-287@16.[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 6. Maxillary dentition of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). A, maxillary teeth in medial view; B, posterior; C, anterior maxillary teeth in ventral view; close-up on the E, F, first; G, H, third; I, J, eighth; K, M; 10th maxillary teeth in labial (E, G, I, K), lingual (F, H, J, L), and apicolabial (M) views; O, P, close-up on the detached first maxillary crown in N, distal; O, apical; and P, mesiolingual views; Q, R, close-up on the distocentral denticles of the Q, first; and R, third maxillary crowns in labial views; S, close-up on the mesiocentral denticles of the third maxillary crown in lingual view. Abbreviations: av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; dca, distal carina; mca, mesial carina; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; mx12, 12th maxillary tooth; sps, spalled surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A–C), and 1 mm (D–R), 0.5 mm (S)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824240/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 6S</figureCitation>
|
||||
). No interdenticular sulci are present between the mesial denticles.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFA9FFD7692010E64A999B0C" blockId="17.[809,1460,144,1139]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||||
|
|
@ -725,7 +728,7 @@ Hendrickx
|
|||
2015d
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). An extensive spalled surface is, nevertheless, visible on the lingual surface of Lmx1 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA9FFD76EE511BA4B2B9CA9" box="[1152,1285,959,983]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="16.[128,193,1786,1810]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-287@16.[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 6. Maxillary dentition of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). A, maxillary teeth in medial view; B, posterior; C, anterior maxillary teeth in ventral view; close-up on the E, F, first; G, H, third; I, J, eighth; K, M; 10th maxillary teeth in labial (E, G, I, K), lingual (F, H, J, L), and apicolabial (M) views; O, P, close-up on the detached first maxillary crown in N, distal; O, apical; and P, mesiolingual views; Q, R, close-up on the distocentral denticles of the Q, first; and R, third maxillary crowns in labial views; S, close-up on the mesiocentral denticles of the third maxillary crown in lingual view. Abbreviations: av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; dca, distal carina; mca, mesial carina; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; mx12, 12th maxillary tooth; sps, spalled surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A–C), and 1 mm (D–R), 0.5 mm (S)." pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 6F, O, P</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA9FFD76EE511BA4B2B9CA9" box="[1152,1285,959,983]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="16.[128,193,1786,1810]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-287@16.[161,1441,650,1758]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 6. Maxillary dentition of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). A, maxillary teeth in medial view; B, posterior; C, anterior maxillary teeth in ventral view; close-up on the E, F, first; G, H, third; I, J, eighth; K, M; 10th maxillary teeth in labial (E, G, I, K), lingual (F, H, J, L), and apicolabial (M) views; O, P, close-up on the detached first maxillary crown in N, distal; O, apical; and P, mesiolingual views; Q, R, close-up on the distocentral denticles of the Q, first; and R, third maxillary crowns in labial views; S, close-up on the mesiocentral denticles of the third maxillary crown in lingual view. Abbreviations: av13, 13th maxillary alveolus; dca, distal carina; mca, mesial carina; mx1, first maxillary tooth; mx3, third maxillary tooth; mx6, sixth maxillary tooth; mx8, eight maxillary tooth; mx10, 10th maxillary tooth; mx12, 12th maxillary tooth; sps, spalled surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A–C), and 1 mm (D–R), 0.5 mm (S)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824240/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 6F, O, P</figureCitation>
|
||||
). This surface is oval in shape in its basal part, diagonally oriented from the long axis of the crown, and extends on the mesial half and apical two-thirds of the crown. No other spalled surface or wear facets are neither present on the labial side of the maxillary teeth nor on the lingual surface of the other crowns.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFA9FFD76E4016834A969BDF" blockId="17.[1061,1208,1158,1184]" box="[1061,1208,1158,1184]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||||
|
|
@ -759,17 +762,17 @@ Langer
|
|||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFAAFFD46AF912954F5E9EDC" blockId="18.[129,778,144,481]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
Distinctive features of this element (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFAAFFD4684412954C739FD8" box="[545,605,144,168]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="18.[129,194,1702,1726]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,551,1658]" captionTargetId="figure-216@18.[161,1441,551,1674]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 7. Mid-posterior cervical vertebral arch of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Sixth or seventh cervical vertebra without (A–F) and with labels (G–L) in A, G, left lateral; B, H, right lateral; C, I, anterior; D, J, ventral; E, K, dorsal; and F, L, posterior views.Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; ap, anterior prong; cdf, centrodiapophyseal fossa; cpof, centropostygapophyseal fossa; cprf, centroprezygapophyseal fossa; dp, diapophysis; ep, epipophysis; eprl, epipophyseal–prezygapophyseal lamina; lat. cpol, lateral centropostzygapophyseal lamina; lat. cprl, lateral centroprezygapophyseal lamina; med. cpol, medial centropostzygapophyseal lamina; med. cprl, medial centroprezygapophyseal lamina; nc, neural canal; nsb, neural spine base; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; ped, pedicle; pocdf, postzygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; pp, posterior prong; prcdf, prezygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; poz, postzygapophysis; podl, postzygodiapophyseal lamina; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; spof, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa; tpol, intrapostzygapophyseal lamina; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A, B, D, E) and 1 cm (C, F)." pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFAAFFD4684412954C739FD8" box="[545,605,144,168]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="18.[129,194,1702,1726]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,551,1658]" captionTargetId="figure-216@18.[161,1441,551,1674]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 7. Mid-posterior cervical vertebral arch of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Sixth or seventh cervical vertebra without (A–F) and with labels (G–L) in A, G, left lateral; B, H, right lateral; C, I, anterior; D, J, ventral; E, K, dorsal; and F, L, posterior views.Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; ap, anterior prong; cdf, centrodiapophyseal fossa; cpof, centropostygapophyseal fossa; cprf, centroprezygapophyseal fossa; dp, diapophysis; ep, epipophysis; eprl, epipophyseal–prezygapophyseal lamina; lat. cpol, lateral centropostzygapophyseal lamina; lat. cprl, lateral centroprezygapophyseal lamina; med. cpol, medial centropostzygapophyseal lamina; med. cprl, medial centroprezygapophyseal lamina; nc, neural canal; nsb, neural spine base; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; ped, pedicle; pocdf, postzygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; pp, posterior prong; prcdf, prezygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; poz, postzygapophysis; podl, postzygodiapophyseal lamina; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; spof, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa; tpol, intrapostzygapophyseal lamina; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A, B, D, E) and 1 cm (C, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824244/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||||
) include an enlargement of the neural arch mainly resulting from the strong elongation of epipophyses, which occupies nearly 65% of the maximum length of the arch, a markedly concave surface of the transverse processes, an anteroposteriorly short neural spine, distinctly separated dorsal and lateral aspects of the neural arch due the development of the epipophyseal prezygapophyseal lamina, and numerous pneumatic features represented by several laminae and fossae.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFAAFFD46AF913AF4B199EDC" blockId="18.[129,778,144,481]" lastBlockId="18.[824,1475,144,481]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
In dorsal view, the general bone surface is well preserved, except for the missing neural spine (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFAAFFD46BBD13CC4C159E9E" box="[472,571,457,481]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="18.[129,194,1702,1726]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,551,1658]" captionTargetId="figure-216@18.[161,1441,551,1674]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 7. Mid-posterior cervical vertebral arch of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Sixth or seventh cervical vertebra without (A–F) and with labels (G–L) in A, G, left lateral; B, H, right lateral; C, I, anterior; D, J, ventral; E, K, dorsal; and F, L, posterior views.Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; ap, anterior prong; cdf, centrodiapophyseal fossa; cpof, centropostygapophyseal fossa; cprf, centroprezygapophyseal fossa; dp, diapophysis; ep, epipophysis; eprl, epipophyseal–prezygapophyseal lamina; lat. cpol, lateral centropostzygapophyseal lamina; lat. cprl, lateral centroprezygapophyseal lamina; med. cpol, medial centropostzygapophyseal lamina; med. cprl, medial centroprezygapophyseal lamina; nc, neural canal; nsb, neural spine base; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; ped, pedicle; pocdf, postzygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; pp, posterior prong; prcdf, prezygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; poz, postzygapophysis; podl, postzygodiapophyseal lamina; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; spof, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa; tpol, intrapostzygapophyseal lamina; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A, B, D, E) and 1 cm (C, F)." pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 7E, K</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFAAFFD46BBD13CC4C159E9E" box="[472,571,457,481]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="18.[129,194,1702,1726]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,551,1658]" captionTargetId="figure-216@18.[161,1441,551,1674]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 7. Mid-posterior cervical vertebral arch of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Sixth or seventh cervical vertebra without (A–F) and with labels (G–L) in A, G, left lateral; B, H, right lateral; C, I, anterior; D, J, ventral; E, K, dorsal; and F, L, posterior views.Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; ap, anterior prong; cdf, centrodiapophyseal fossa; cpof, centropostygapophyseal fossa; cprf, centroprezygapophyseal fossa; dp, diapophysis; ep, epipophysis; eprl, epipophyseal–prezygapophyseal lamina; lat. cpol, lateral centropostzygapophyseal lamina; lat. cprl, lateral centroprezygapophyseal lamina; med. cpol, medial centropostzygapophyseal lamina; med. cprl, medial centroprezygapophyseal lamina; nc, neural canal; nsb, neural spine base; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; ped, pedicle; pocdf, postzygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; pp, posterior prong; prcdf, prezygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; poz, postzygapophysis; podl, postzygodiapophyseal lamina; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; spof, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa; tpol, intrapostzygapophyseal lamina; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A, B, D, E) and 1 cm (C, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824244/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 7E, K</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The dorsal surface of the neural arch has a rectangular profile due to the enlarged lateral epipophyses and the slightly divergent prezygapophyses. The anterior and posterior sides are characterized by the V-shaped incisions inwards the arch, formed by the zygapophyses and the spinopre- and spinopostzygapophyseal fossae. The preserved base of the neural spine is transversely compressed and anteroposteriorly short. The anterior extent of the spine base does not meet the spinoprezygapophyseal fossa, whereas it hardly contacts the spinopostzygapophyseal fossa posteriorly.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFAAFFD5693013AF4FAA9EFC" blockId="18.[824,1475,144,481]" lastBlockId="19.[112,765,144,1954]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
The dorsal surface of the neural arch is separated from the lateral sides by a well-developed epipophyseal–prezygapophyseal lamina (eprl) (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFABFFD56B6B12954F759FD8" box="[270,347,144,168]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="18.[129,194,1702,1726]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,551,1658]" captionTargetId="figure-216@18.[161,1441,551,1674]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 7. Mid-posterior cervical vertebral arch of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Sixth or seventh cervical vertebra without (A–F) and with labels (G–L) in A, G, left lateral; B, H, right lateral; C, I, anterior; D, J, ventral; E, K, dorsal; and F, L, posterior views.Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; ap, anterior prong; cdf, centrodiapophyseal fossa; cpof, centropostygapophyseal fossa; cprf, centroprezygapophyseal fossa; dp, diapophysis; ep, epipophysis; eprl, epipophyseal–prezygapophyseal lamina; lat. cpol, lateral centropostzygapophyseal lamina; lat. cprl, lateral centroprezygapophyseal lamina; med. cpol, medial centropostzygapophyseal lamina; med. cprl, medial centroprezygapophyseal lamina; nc, neural canal; nsb, neural spine base; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; ped, pedicle; pocdf, postzygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; pp, posterior prong; prcdf, prezygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; poz, postzygapophysis; podl, postzygodiapophyseal lamina; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; spof, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa; tpol, intrapostzygapophyseal lamina; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A, B, D, E) and 1 cm (C, F)." pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 7K</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFABFFD56B6B12954F759FD8" box="[270,347,144,168]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="18.[129,194,1702,1726]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,551,1658]" captionTargetId="figure-216@18.[161,1441,551,1674]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 7. Mid-posterior cervical vertebral arch of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Sixth or seventh cervical vertebra without (A–F) and with labels (G–L) in A, G, left lateral; B, H, right lateral; C, I, anterior; D, J, ventral; E, K, dorsal; and F, L, posterior views.Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; ap, anterior prong; cdf, centrodiapophyseal fossa; cpof, centropostygapophyseal fossa; cprf, centroprezygapophyseal fossa; dp, diapophysis; ep, epipophysis; eprl, epipophyseal–prezygapophyseal lamina; lat. cpol, lateral centropostzygapophyseal lamina; lat. cprl, lateral centroprezygapophyseal lamina; med. cpol, medial centropostzygapophyseal lamina; med. cprl, medial centroprezygapophyseal lamina; nc, neural canal; nsb, neural spine base; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; ped, pedicle; pocdf, postzygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; pp, posterior prong; prcdf, prezygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; poz, postzygapophysis; podl, postzygodiapophyseal lamina; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; spof, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa; tpol, intrapostzygapophyseal lamina; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A, B, D, E) and 1 cm (C, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824244/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 7K</figureCitation>
|
||||
), as occurs in all abelisauroids (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA745DEFFABFFD568D612954ECE9FB8" author="Sereno PC & Wilson JA & Conrad JL" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1325 - 30" refId="ref48668" refString="Sereno PC, Wilson JA, Conrad JL. New dinosaurs link southern landmasses in the Mid - Cretaceous. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 2004; 271: 1325 - 30. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rspb. 2004.2692" type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||||
Sereno
|
||||
|
|
@ -791,7 +794,7 @@ Langer
|
|||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
within noasaurids. Although the epipophyses are almost subparallel to each other, their main axis is oriented anteromedially to posterolaterally, so that they slightly diverge posteriorly.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DF4968A7FFAAFFD46AE414A34F4298C4" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" startId="18.[129,194,1702,1726]" targetBox="[161,1441,551,1658]" targetPageId="18" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="DF4968A7FFAAFFD46AE414A34F4298C4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824244" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14824244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824244/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" startId="18.[129,194,1702,1726]" targetBox="[161,1441,551,1658]" targetPageId="18" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFAAFFD46AE414A34F4298C4" blockId="18.[129,1456,1702,1979]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B942E43DFFAAFFD46AE414A34EF699C0" bold="true" box="[129,216,1702,1727]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||||
Mid-posterior cervical vertebral arch of
|
||||
|
|
@ -804,7 +807,7 @@ Mid-posterior cervical vertebral arch of
|
|||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFABFFD56AE8138E4C319DA3" blockId="19.[112,765,144,1954]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">The anterior projections of the epipophyses flare slightly medially and extend anteriorly to the level of the diapophysis; both anterior and posterior projections of the epipophyses are acuminate on their ends. The surface between the epipophyses and the base of the neural spine is roughly flat and smooth. The prezygapophyses are divergent from each other, each one having a lobate shape. Both spinopre- and spinopostzygapophyseal fossae are broad and V-shaped, and the spinopostzygapophyseal fossa is superficially broader. The angle of aperture of the spinoprezygapophyseal fossa is about of 60°, whereas the spinopostzygapophyseal fossa reaches 46°.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFABFFD56AE810E14C089B2B" blockId="19.[112,765,144,1954]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||||
In lateral view, the epipophyseal–prezygapophyseal lamina has a faintly undulating profile (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFABFFD56BA511064C469C65" box="[448,616,771,795]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="18.[129,194,1702,1726]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,551,1658]" captionTargetId="figure-216@18.[161,1441,551,1674]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 7. Mid-posterior cervical vertebral arch of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Sixth or seventh cervical vertebra without (A–F) and with labels (G–L) in A, G, left lateral; B, H, right lateral; C, I, anterior; D, J, ventral; E, K, dorsal; and F, L, posterior views.Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; ap, anterior prong; cdf, centrodiapophyseal fossa; cpof, centropostygapophyseal fossa; cprf, centroprezygapophyseal fossa; dp, diapophysis; ep, epipophysis; eprl, epipophyseal–prezygapophyseal lamina; lat. cpol, lateral centropostzygapophyseal lamina; lat. cprl, lateral centroprezygapophyseal lamina; med. cpol, medial centropostzygapophyseal lamina; med. cprl, medial centroprezygapophyseal lamina; nc, neural canal; nsb, neural spine base; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; ped, pedicle; pocdf, postzygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; pp, posterior prong; prcdf, prezygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; poz, postzygapophysis; podl, postzygodiapophyseal lamina; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; spof, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa; tpol, intrapostzygapophyseal lamina; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A, B, D, E) and 1 cm (C, F)." pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 7A, B, G, H</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFABFFD56BA511064C469C65" box="[448,616,771,795]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="18.[129,194,1702,1726]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,551,1658]" captionTargetId="figure-216@18.[161,1441,551,1674]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 7. Mid-posterior cervical vertebral arch of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Sixth or seventh cervical vertebra without (A–F) and with labels (G–L) in A, G, left lateral; B, H, right lateral; C, I, anterior; D, J, ventral; E, K, dorsal; and F, L, posterior views.Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; ap, anterior prong; cdf, centrodiapophyseal fossa; cpof, centropostygapophyseal fossa; cprf, centroprezygapophyseal fossa; dp, diapophysis; ep, epipophysis; eprl, epipophyseal–prezygapophyseal lamina; lat. cpol, lateral centropostzygapophyseal lamina; lat. cprl, lateral centroprezygapophyseal lamina; med. cpol, medial centropostzygapophyseal lamina; med. cprl, medial centroprezygapophyseal lamina; nc, neural canal; nsb, neural spine base; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; ped, pedicle; pocdf, postzygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; pp, posterior prong; prcdf, prezygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; poz, postzygapophysis; podl, postzygodiapophyseal lamina; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; spof, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa; tpol, intrapostzygapophyseal lamina; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A, B, D, E) and 1 cm (C, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824244/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 7A, B, G, H</figureCitation>
|
||||
), posterior to the prezygapophyses; it, however, does not form a markedly concave margin as in the mid-cervicals of other noasaurids (e.g.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3643ACFFABFFD56AC611644F369C06" authorityName="von Huene" authorityYear="1932" box="[163,280,865,889]" family="Caenagnathidae" genus="Laevisuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B942E43DFFABFFD56AC611644F369C06" box="[163,280,865,889]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Laevisuchus</emphasis>
|
||||
|
|
@ -814,19 +817,19 @@ and
|
|||
<emphasis id="B942E43DFFABFFD56B2911644FF19C06" box="[332,479,865,889]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Masiakasaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). The anterior prong of the epipophysis forms a marked and deep notch on the dorsolateral side of the arch. The epipophysis is well differentiated from the rest of the lateral surface of the transverse process and is particularly marked on its posterior half towards the posterior prong. The surface between the epipophysis and the transverse process is mostly smooth (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFABFFD56B4A16184FB99B4A" box="[303,407,1053,1077]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="18.[129,194,1702,1726]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,551,1658]" captionTargetId="figure-216@18.[161,1441,551,1674]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 7. Mid-posterior cervical vertebral arch of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Sixth or seventh cervical vertebra without (A–F) and with labels (G–L) in A, G, left lateral; B, H, right lateral; C, I, anterior; D, J, ventral; E, K, dorsal; and F, L, posterior views.Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; ap, anterior prong; cdf, centrodiapophyseal fossa; cpof, centropostygapophyseal fossa; cprf, centroprezygapophyseal fossa; dp, diapophysis; ep, epipophysis; eprl, epipophyseal–prezygapophyseal lamina; lat. cpol, lateral centropostzygapophyseal lamina; lat. cprl, lateral centroprezygapophyseal lamina; med. cpol, medial centropostzygapophyseal lamina; med. cprl, medial centroprezygapophyseal lamina; nc, neural canal; nsb, neural spine base; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; ped, pedicle; pocdf, postzygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; pp, posterior prong; prcdf, prezygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; poz, postzygapophysis; podl, postzygodiapophyseal lamina; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; spof, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa; tpol, intrapostzygapophyseal lamina; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A, B, D, E) and 1 cm (C, F)." pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 7A, G</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFABFFD56B4A16184FB99B4A" box="[303,407,1053,1077]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="18.[129,194,1702,1726]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,551,1658]" captionTargetId="figure-216@18.[161,1441,551,1674]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 7. Mid-posterior cervical vertebral arch of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Sixth or seventh cervical vertebra without (A–F) and with labels (G–L) in A, G, left lateral; B, H, right lateral; C, I, anterior; D, J, ventral; E, K, dorsal; and F, L, posterior views.Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; ap, anterior prong; cdf, centrodiapophyseal fossa; cpof, centropostygapophyseal fossa; cprf, centroprezygapophyseal fossa; dp, diapophysis; ep, epipophysis; eprl, epipophyseal–prezygapophyseal lamina; lat. cpol, lateral centropostzygapophyseal lamina; lat. cprl, lateral centroprezygapophyseal lamina; med. cpol, medial centropostzygapophyseal lamina; med. cprl, medial centroprezygapophyseal lamina; nc, neural canal; nsb, neural spine base; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; ped, pedicle; pocdf, postzygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; pp, posterior prong; prcdf, prezygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; poz, postzygapophysis; podl, postzygodiapophyseal lamina; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; spof, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa; tpol, intrapostzygapophyseal lamina; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A, B, D, E) and 1 cm (C, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824244/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 7A, G</figureCitation>
|
||||
). As for the prezygapophyses, they are well below the level of the epipophyses.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFABFFD56AE8165E4C1199D8" blockId="19.[112,765,144,1954]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||||
The prezygodiapophyseal lamina (prdl) has a lightly curved anterior margin reaching the prezygapophyses at an angle of 29°. Its dorsoventral development completely obscures the anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina (acdl), as well as the lateral centroprezygapophyseal lamina (lat.cprl) partially in lateral view (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFABFFD56B3416FD4FD29A70" box="[337,508,1272,1296]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="18.[129,194,1702,1726]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,551,1658]" captionTargetId="figure-216@18.[161,1441,551,1674]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 7. Mid-posterior cervical vertebral arch of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Sixth or seventh cervical vertebra without (A–F) and with labels (G–L) in A, G, left lateral; B, H, right lateral; C, I, anterior; D, J, ventral; E, K, dorsal; and F, L, posterior views.Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; ap, anterior prong; cdf, centrodiapophyseal fossa; cpof, centropostygapophyseal fossa; cprf, centroprezygapophyseal fossa; dp, diapophysis; ep, epipophysis; eprl, epipophyseal–prezygapophyseal lamina; lat. cpol, lateral centropostzygapophyseal lamina; lat. cprl, lateral centroprezygapophyseal lamina; med. cpol, medial centropostzygapophyseal lamina; med. cprl, medial centroprezygapophyseal lamina; nc, neural canal; nsb, neural spine base; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; ped, pedicle; pocdf, postzygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; pp, posterior prong; prcdf, prezygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; poz, postzygapophysis; podl, postzygodiapophyseal lamina; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; spof, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa; tpol, intrapostzygapophyseal lamina; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A, B, D, E) and 1 cm (C, F)." pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 7A, B, G, H</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFABFFD56B3416FD4FD29A70" box="[337,508,1272,1296]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="18.[129,194,1702,1726]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,551,1658]" captionTargetId="figure-216@18.[161,1441,551,1674]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 7. Mid-posterior cervical vertebral arch of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Sixth or seventh cervical vertebra without (A–F) and with labels (G–L) in A, G, left lateral; B, H, right lateral; C, I, anterior; D, J, ventral; E, K, dorsal; and F, L, posterior views.Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; ap, anterior prong; cdf, centrodiapophyseal fossa; cpof, centropostygapophyseal fossa; cprf, centroprezygapophyseal fossa; dp, diapophysis; ep, epipophysis; eprl, epipophyseal–prezygapophyseal lamina; lat. cpol, lateral centropostzygapophyseal lamina; lat. cprl, lateral centroprezygapophyseal lamina; med. cpol, medial centropostzygapophyseal lamina; med. cprl, medial centroprezygapophyseal lamina; nc, neural canal; nsb, neural spine base; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; ped, pedicle; pocdf, postzygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; pp, posterior prong; prcdf, prezygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; poz, postzygapophysis; podl, postzygodiapophyseal lamina; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; spof, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa; tpol, intrapostzygapophyseal lamina; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A, B, D, E) and 1 cm (C, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824244/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 7A, B, G, H</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The prezygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa (prcdf) is also partially visible laterally. As for the postzygodiapophyseal lamina (podl), the margin with its contact with the postzygapophyses is strongly curved. This lamina overhangs the postzygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa (pocdf), which is superficially broad in lateral view (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFABFFD568B117904E9A9AB4" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="18.[129,194,1702,1726]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,551,1658]" captionTargetId="figure-216@18.[161,1441,551,1674]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 7. Mid-posterior cervical vertebral arch of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Sixth or seventh cervical vertebra without (A–F) and with labels (G–L) in A, G, left lateral; B, H, right lateral; C, I, anterior; D, J, ventral; E, K, dorsal; and F, L, posterior views.Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; ap, anterior prong; cdf, centrodiapophyseal fossa; cpof, centropostygapophyseal fossa; cprf, centroprezygapophyseal fossa; dp, diapophysis; ep, epipophysis; eprl, epipophyseal–prezygapophyseal lamina; lat. cpol, lateral centropostzygapophyseal lamina; lat. cprl, lateral centroprezygapophyseal lamina; med. cpol, medial centropostzygapophyseal lamina; med. cprl, medial centroprezygapophyseal lamina; nc, neural canal; nsb, neural spine base; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; ped, pedicle; pocdf, postzygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; pp, posterior prong; prcdf, prezygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; poz, postzygapophysis; podl, postzygodiapophyseal lamina; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; spof, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa; tpol, intrapostzygapophyseal lamina; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A, B, D, E) and 1 cm (C, F)." pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 7B, H</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFABFFD568B117904E9A9AB4" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="18.[129,194,1702,1726]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,551,1658]" captionTargetId="figure-216@18.[161,1441,551,1674]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 7. Mid-posterior cervical vertebral arch of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Sixth or seventh cervical vertebra without (A–F) and with labels (G–L) in A, G, left lateral; B, H, right lateral; C, I, anterior; D, J, ventral; E, K, dorsal; and F, L, posterior views.Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; ap, anterior prong; cdf, centrodiapophyseal fossa; cpof, centropostygapophyseal fossa; cprf, centroprezygapophyseal fossa; dp, diapophysis; ep, epipophysis; eprl, epipophyseal–prezygapophyseal lamina; lat. cpol, lateral centropostzygapophyseal lamina; lat. cprl, lateral centroprezygapophyseal lamina; med. cpol, medial centropostzygapophyseal lamina; med. cprl, medial centroprezygapophyseal lamina; nc, neural canal; nsb, neural spine base; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; ped, pedicle; pocdf, postzygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; pp, posterior prong; prcdf, prezygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; poz, postzygapophysis; podl, postzygodiapophyseal lamina; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; spof, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa; tpol, intrapostzygapophyseal lamina; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A, B, D, E) and 1 cm (C, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824244/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 7B, H</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The subfossae within are, however, hidden by the postzygodiapophyseal lamina. The posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina (pcdl) extends from the posterior surface of the transverse process to the posterior pedicles, describing a curved shape. The lateral centropostzygapophyseal lamina (lat.cpol) has slightly curved and vertically directed margins on its contact with the dorsal aspect of pedicles. The diapophysis is triangular, ventrally projected with a rounded distal end.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFABFFD56AE814AA4DC49C06" blockId="19.[112,765,144,1954]" lastBlockId="19.[809,1462,144,1954]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||||
In anterior view, the dorsal surface of the neural arch is almost flat, with the anterior projections of the epipophyses flaring medially (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFABFFD56B5414E84F8E987A" box="[305,416,1773,1797]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="18.[129,194,1702,1726]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,551,1658]" captionTargetId="figure-216@18.[161,1441,551,1674]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 7. Mid-posterior cervical vertebral arch of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Sixth or seventh cervical vertebra without (A–F) and with labels (G–L) in A, G, left lateral; B, H, right lateral; C, I, anterior; D, J, ventral; E, K, dorsal; and F, L, posterior views.Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; ap, anterior prong; cdf, centrodiapophyseal fossa; cpof, centropostygapophyseal fossa; cprf, centroprezygapophyseal fossa; dp, diapophysis; ep, epipophysis; eprl, epipophyseal–prezygapophyseal lamina; lat. cpol, lateral centropostzygapophyseal lamina; lat. cprl, lateral centroprezygapophyseal lamina; med. cpol, medial centropostzygapophyseal lamina; med. cprl, medial centroprezygapophyseal lamina; nc, neural canal; nsb, neural spine base; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; ped, pedicle; pocdf, postzygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; pp, posterior prong; prcdf, prezygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; poz, postzygapophysis; podl, postzygodiapophyseal lamina; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; spof, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa; tpol, intrapostzygapophyseal lamina; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A, B, D, E) and 1 cm (C, F)." pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 7C, I</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFABFFD56B5414E84F8E987A" box="[305,416,1773,1797]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="18.[129,194,1702,1726]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,551,1658]" captionTargetId="figure-216@18.[161,1441,551,1674]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 7. Mid-posterior cervical vertebral arch of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Sixth or seventh cervical vertebra without (A–F) and with labels (G–L) in A, G, left lateral; B, H, right lateral; C, I, anterior; D, J, ventral; E, K, dorsal; and F, L, posterior views.Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; ap, anterior prong; cdf, centrodiapophyseal fossa; cpof, centropostygapophyseal fossa; cprf, centroprezygapophyseal fossa; dp, diapophysis; ep, epipophysis; eprl, epipophyseal–prezygapophyseal lamina; lat. cpol, lateral centropostzygapophyseal lamina; lat. cprl, lateral centroprezygapophyseal lamina; med. cpol, medial centropostzygapophyseal lamina; med. cprl, medial centroprezygapophyseal lamina; nc, neural canal; nsb, neural spine base; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; ped, pedicle; pocdf, postzygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; pp, posterior prong; prcdf, prezygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; poz, postzygapophysis; podl, postzygodiapophyseal lamina; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; spof, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa; tpol, intrapostzygapophyseal lamina; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A, B, D, E) and 1 cm (C, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824244/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 7C, I</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The articular surfaces of the prezygapophyses are dorsomedially oriented at an angle of approximately 40° relative to the horizontal plane. The spinoprezygapophyseal fossa is mediolaterally wide and separates both centroprezygapophyseal fossae (cprf) on its dorsal sector by the junction of the intraprezygapophyseal laminae (tprl). The latter join together at an angle of 140°, forming the ventral limit of the spinoprezygapophyseal fossa. The centroprezygapophyseal fossae are located lateroventrally to the spinoprezygapophyseal fossa and dorsolaterally to the neural canal, forming large ovoidal excavations on the anterior side of the neural arch; it is unclear whether these fossae are blind or pierced by foramina as they are partially filled with sediment. Each centroprezygapophyseal fossa is delimited by the lateral (lat.cprl) and medial centroprezygapophyseal laminae (med.cprl). Both laminae meet at the neural canal mid-height at an angle of almost 90°. The medial centroprezygapophyseal lamina contacts the intraprezygapophyseal lamina at an angle of 71°, whereas the lateral centroprezygapophyseal lamina joins the prezygodiapophyseal lamina at 52°. The prezygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa (prcdf) is broadly exposed and subtriangular [the ‘cavidad antediapofisial’ of
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA745DEFFABFFD56F6B10634B8D9D01" author="Novas FE" box="[1294,1443,614,638]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref46242" refString="Novas FE. Los dinosaurios carnivoros de la Argentina. Unpublished Ph. D. Thesis, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 1989." type="book" year="1989">Novas (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
]. The centrodiapophyseal fossa (cdf) has a minimal expression when seen in anterior view due to the fact that it is hidden by the anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina (acdl). The latter has a slight ventral curvature towards its contact with the diapophyses. Because all described fossae are currently filled with sediment, it remains unclear whether they lead to pneumatic camerae, as in the cervical vertebrae of other noasaurids (
|
||||
|
|
@ -845,7 +848,7 @@ Smyth
|
|||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFABFFD2692011854F8E9FB8" blockId="19.[809,1462,144,1954]" lastBlockId="20.[129,780,144,920]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||||
In posterior view, the spinopostzygapophyseal fossa (spof) is mediolaterally broad, deep, and wider than tall (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFABFFD56F5A119A4B8C9CC8" box="[1343,1442,927,951]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="18.[129,194,1702,1726]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,551,1658]" captionTargetId="figure-216@18.[161,1441,551,1674]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 7. Mid-posterior cervical vertebral arch of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Sixth or seventh cervical vertebra without (A–F) and with labels (G–L) in A, G, left lateral; B, H, right lateral; C, I, anterior; D, J, ventral; E, K, dorsal; and F, L, posterior views.Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; ap, anterior prong; cdf, centrodiapophyseal fossa; cpof, centropostygapophyseal fossa; cprf, centroprezygapophyseal fossa; dp, diapophysis; ep, epipophysis; eprl, epipophyseal–prezygapophyseal lamina; lat. cpol, lateral centropostzygapophyseal lamina; lat. cprl, lateral centroprezygapophyseal lamina; med. cpol, medial centropostzygapophyseal lamina; med. cprl, medial centroprezygapophyseal lamina; nc, neural canal; nsb, neural spine base; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; ped, pedicle; pocdf, postzygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; pp, posterior prong; prcdf, prezygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; poz, postzygapophysis; podl, postzygodiapophyseal lamina; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; spof, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa; tpol, intrapostzygapophyseal lamina; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A, B, D, E) and 1 cm (C, F)." pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 7F, L</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFABFFD56F5A119A4B8C9CC8" box="[1343,1442,927,951]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="18.[129,194,1702,1726]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,551,1658]" captionTargetId="figure-216@18.[161,1441,551,1674]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 7. Mid-posterior cervical vertebral arch of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Sixth or seventh cervical vertebra without (A–F) and with labels (G–L) in A, G, left lateral; B, H, right lateral; C, I, anterior; D, J, ventral; E, K, dorsal; and F, L, posterior views.Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; ap, anterior prong; cdf, centrodiapophyseal fossa; cpof, centropostygapophyseal fossa; cprf, centroprezygapophyseal fossa; dp, diapophysis; ep, epipophysis; eprl, epipophyseal–prezygapophyseal lamina; lat. cpol, lateral centropostzygapophyseal lamina; lat. cprl, lateral centroprezygapophyseal lamina; med. cpol, medial centropostzygapophyseal lamina; med. cprl, medial centroprezygapophyseal lamina; nc, neural canal; nsb, neural spine base; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; ped, pedicle; pocdf, postzygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; pp, posterior prong; prcdf, prezygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; poz, postzygapophysis; podl, postzygodiapophyseal lamina; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; spof, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa; tpol, intrapostzygapophyseal lamina; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A, B, D, E) and 1 cm (C, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824244/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 7F, L</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The intrapostzygapophyseal laminae (tpol) join at an angle of 110°. The centropostzygapophyseal fossae (cpof) appear below these laminae and dorsolaterally to the neural canal. These fossae are deep but relatively small in area when compared with the centroprezygapophyseal counterpart. The centropostzygapophyseal fossae have a scalene triangle contour and are delimited by the lateral (lat.cpol) and medial (med.cpol) centropostzygapophyseal laminae. The medial centropostzygapophyseal lamina is transversally thinner than the lateral one, which becomes thicker towards its contact with the postzygapophysis. These laminae contact each other at an angle of 41°. The medial centropostzygapophyseal lamina joins the intrapostzygapophyseal lamina forming an angle of 108°. The articular surfaces of the postzygapophyses are oriented ventrolaterally at an angle of 28°, which is less than the inclination of the prezygapophyses. The posterior projection of the epipophysis is laterally offset from the postzygapophysis and a shallow groove running mediolaterally separates the posterior surface of both structures. The postzygodiapohyseal lamina is also strongly curved in posterior view, contacting dorsally the postzygapophysis at an angle of 46°, and ventrally joins the posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina at an angle of 36°. The postzygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa (pocdf) is located on the posterior surface of the transverse process. A peculiarity is that two smaller subfossae are differentiated by a median lamina that runs mediolaterally within this fossa. Both subfossae were previously identified by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA745DEFFABFFD56EB114EB4B47987A" author="Novas FE" box="[1236,1385,1773,1797]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref46242" refString="Novas FE. Los dinosaurios carnivoros de la Argentina. Unpublished Ph. D. Thesis, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 1989." type="book" year="1989">Novas (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
as the ‘postdiapophysial cavities’ (‘cavidades postdiapofisiales’;
|
||||
|
|
@ -854,7 +857,7 @@ as the ‘postdiapophysial cavities’ (‘cavidades postdiapofisiales’;
|
|||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFACFFD26AF912CA4F119CE7" blockId="20.[129,780,144,920]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
In ventral view, the neurocentral suture is well discernible along the ventral surface of the neural arch (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFACFFD2688612EB4EEA9E5A" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="18.[129,194,1702,1726]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,551,1658]" captionTargetId="figure-216@18.[161,1441,551,1674]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 7. Mid-posterior cervical vertebral arch of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Sixth or seventh cervical vertebra without (A–F) and with labels (G–L) in A, G, left lateral; B, H, right lateral; C, I, anterior; D, J, ventral; E, K, dorsal; and F, L, posterior views.Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; ap, anterior prong; cdf, centrodiapophyseal fossa; cpof, centropostygapophyseal fossa; cprf, centroprezygapophyseal fossa; dp, diapophysis; ep, epipophysis; eprl, epipophyseal–prezygapophyseal lamina; lat. cpol, lateral centropostzygapophyseal lamina; lat. cprl, lateral centroprezygapophyseal lamina; med. cpol, medial centropostzygapophyseal lamina; med. cprl, medial centroprezygapophyseal lamina; nc, neural canal; nsb, neural spine base; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; ped, pedicle; pocdf, postzygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; pp, posterior prong; prcdf, prezygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; poz, postzygapophysis; podl, postzygodiapophyseal lamina; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; spof, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa; tpol, intrapostzygapophyseal lamina; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A, B, D, E) and 1 cm (C, F)." pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 7D, J</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFACFFD2688612EB4EEA9E5A" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="18.[129,194,1702,1726]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,551,1658]" captionTargetId="figure-216@18.[161,1441,551,1674]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 7. Mid-posterior cervical vertebral arch of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Sixth or seventh cervical vertebra without (A–F) and with labels (G–L) in A, G, left lateral; B, H, right lateral; C, I, anterior; D, J, ventral; E, K, dorsal; and F, L, posterior views.Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; ap, anterior prong; cdf, centrodiapophyseal fossa; cpof, centropostygapophyseal fossa; cprf, centroprezygapophyseal fossa; dp, diapophysis; ep, epipophysis; eprl, epipophyseal–prezygapophyseal lamina; lat. cpol, lateral centropostzygapophyseal lamina; lat. cprl, lateral centroprezygapophyseal lamina; med. cpol, medial centropostzygapophyseal lamina; med. cprl, medial centroprezygapophyseal lamina; nc, neural canal; nsb, neural spine base; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; ped, pedicle; pocdf, postzygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; pp, posterior prong; prcdf, prezygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa; poz, postzygapophysis; podl, postzygodiapophyseal lamina; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; spof, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa; tpol, intrapostzygapophyseal lamina; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A, B, D, E) and 1 cm (C, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824244/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 7D, J</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The centroprezygapophyseal fossae and lateral centroprezygapophyseal laminae are partially visible. The latter meet the prezygodiapophyseal lamina at an angle of almost 56° in that view. The anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina, which is located anteriorly to the diapophysis, is obliquely oriented and meets the prezygodiapophyseal lamina at an angle of 62°. These laminae form the lateral and posterior walls of the prezygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa, which is bean-shaped, deep, and larger than wide. The centrodiapophyseal fossa, which is clearly visible in ventral view, is wider than long, being much larger that the previously described fossae of the anterior aspect of the neural arch. The centrodiapophyseal fossa is subdivided by a median swelling of bone rather than a lamina, delimiting a relatively large subfossa posteromedially and a smaller one anterolaterally, close to the anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina. The postzygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa, which is only partially visible, shows that the larger subfossa is anteroposteriorly long and almost reaches the postzygapophysis. The posterior projections of the epipophyses project far posteriorly the articular facets of the postzygapophyses.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFACFFD26B1F11B24C3E9CAE" blockId="20.[378,528,951,977]" box="[378,528,951,977]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
|
|
@ -878,14 +881,14 @@ Carrano
|
|||
<emphasis id="B942E43DFFACFFD26B2A17524F969A11" box="[335,440,1367,1390]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Noasaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). The cervical rib corresponds to a left proximal end (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFACFFD26B2E17704FAC9AF2" box="[331,386,1397,1421]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="21.[115,180,677,701]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,649]" captionTargetId="figure-104@21.[146,1426,144,649]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 8. Mid-cervical rib of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left proximal end of a fourth or fifth cervical rib in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, anterior; D, ventral; E, dorsal; and F, posterior views.Abbreviations:af, anterior fossa; alp, anterolateral process; br, buttressed ridge; cap, capitulum; ctw, capitulotubercular web; pnf, pneumatic foramina; pp, posterior process; tub, tuberculum.Scale bar equals 1 cm." pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFACFFD26B2E17704FAC9AF2" box="[331,386,1397,1421]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="21.[115,180,677,701]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,649]" captionTargetId="figure-104@21.[146,1426,144,649]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 8. Mid-cervical rib of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left proximal end of a fourth or fifth cervical rib in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, anterior; D, ventral; E, dorsal; and F, posterior views.Abbreviations:af, anterior fossa; alp, anterolateral process; br, buttressed ridge; cap, capitulum; ctw, capitulotubercular web; pnf, pneumatic foramina; pp, posterior process; tub, tuberculum.Scale bar equals 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824246/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||||
), with some fractures on the anterolateral process and lacking the styliform process.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFACFFD26AF917B14D509FB8" blockId="20.[127,779,990,1954]" lastBlockId="20.[824,1475,144,669]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
In medial view, the tuberculum is ellipsoidal, anteroposteriorly longer than the capitulum, and slightly exceeds the horizontal plane of the main rib body (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFACFFD26BC917F64FDB9974" box="[428,501,1523,1547]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="21.[115,180,677,701]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,649]" captionTargetId="figure-104@21.[146,1426,144,649]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 8. Mid-cervical rib of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left proximal end of a fourth or fifth cervical rib in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, anterior; D, ventral; E, dorsal; and F, posterior views.Abbreviations:af, anterior fossa; alp, anterolateral process; br, buttressed ridge; cap, capitulum; ctw, capitulotubercular web; pnf, pneumatic foramina; pp, posterior process; tub, tuberculum.Scale bar equals 1 cm." pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFACFFD26BC917F64FDB9974" box="[428,501,1523,1547]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="21.[115,180,677,701]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,649]" captionTargetId="figure-104@21.[146,1426,144,649]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 8. Mid-cervical rib of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left proximal end of a fourth or fifth cervical rib in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, anterior; D, ventral; E, dorsal; and F, posterior views.Abbreviations:af, anterior fossa; alp, anterolateral process; br, buttressed ridge; cap, capitulum; ctw, capitulotubercular web; pnf, pneumatic foramina; pp, posterior process; tub, tuberculum.Scale bar equals 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824246/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The capitulum is less ellipsoidal and is not at the same level than the tuberculum, which is displaced posterodorsally relative to the former. Both structures are linked by the transversally thin and oblique capitulotubercular web. This lamina gets thicker towards its connection with the capitulum and tuberculum. The anterolateral process of the cervical rib tapers anteriorly into a blunt end and connects with the capitulum through a concave lamina. In lateral view, the rib has a ridge-like buttress with a nearly constant transverse section except anteriorly where it gradually diminishes after the tuberculum (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFACFFD26BC615294FC0983B" box="[419,494,1836,1860]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="21.[115,180,677,701]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,649]" captionTargetId="figure-104@21.[146,1426,144,649]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 8. Mid-cervical rib of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left proximal end of a fourth or fifth cervical rib in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, anterior; D, ventral; E, dorsal; and F, posterior views.Abbreviations:af, anterior fossa; alp, anterolateral process; br, buttressed ridge; cap, capitulum; ctw, capitulotubercular web; pnf, pneumatic foramina; pp, posterior process; tub, tuberculum.Scale bar equals 1 cm." pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFACFFD26BC615294FC0983B" box="[419,494,1836,1860]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="21.[115,180,677,701]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,649]" captionTargetId="figure-104@21.[146,1426,144,649]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 8. Mid-cervical rib of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left proximal end of a fourth or fifth cervical rib in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, anterior; D, ventral; E, dorsal; and F, posterior views.Abbreviations:af, anterior fossa; alp, anterolateral process; br, buttressed ridge; cap, capitulum; ctw, capitulotubercular web; pnf, pneumatic foramina; pp, posterior process; tub, tuberculum.Scale bar equals 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824246/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The lateral surface of the rib is mostly smooth but some faint striations are visible. Due to the poor preservation of the bone, it is unclear whether a bifurcated process was present in the rib of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3643ACFFACFFD26869158E4C5A98DD" authorityName="Bonaparte and Powell" authorityYear="1980" box="[524,628,1931,1954]" family="Noasauridae" genus="Noasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B942E43DFFACFFD26869158E4C5A98DD" box="[524,628,1931,1954]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Noasaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
|
|
@ -902,19 +905,19 @@ Carrano
|
|||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFACFFD2693012CA4AC59EDC" blockId="20.[824,1475,144,669]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
In ventral view, the lateral buttress of the rib extends from the anterolateral to the posterolateral processes (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFACFFD26E9A12EB4B649E79" box="[1279,1354,238,262]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="21.[115,180,677,701]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,649]" captionTargetId="figure-104@21.[146,1426,144,649]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 8. Mid-cervical rib of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left proximal end of a fourth or fifth cervical rib in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, anterior; D, ventral; E, dorsal; and F, posterior views.Abbreviations:af, anterior fossa; alp, anterolateral process; br, buttressed ridge; cap, capitulum; ctw, capitulotubercular web; pnf, pneumatic foramina; pp, posterior process; tub, tuberculum.Scale bar equals 1 cm." pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 8D</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFACFFD26E9A12EB4B649E79" box="[1279,1354,238,262]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="21.[115,180,677,701]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,649]" captionTargetId="figure-104@21.[146,1426,144,649]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 8. Mid-cervical rib of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left proximal end of a fourth or fifth cervical rib in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, anterior; D, ventral; E, dorsal; and F, posterior views.Abbreviations:af, anterior fossa; alp, anterolateral process; br, buttressed ridge; cap, capitulum; ctw, capitulotubercular web; pnf, pneumatic foramina; pp, posterior process; tub, tuberculum.Scale bar equals 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824246/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 8D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The angle that the capitulum forms with the main axis of the rib [‘neckshaft angle’
|
||||
<emphasis id="B942E43DFFACFFD269D313284DC79E3B" box="[950,1001,301,324]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">sensu</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA745DEFFACFFD2699713284A819E3A" author="O'Connor PM" box="[1010,1199,301,325]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="127 - 63" refId="ref46621" refString="O'Connor PM. The postcranial axial skeleton of Majungasaurus crenatissimus (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2007; 27: 127 - 63." type="journal article" year="2007">O’Connor (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
] is approximately 105°. It is clear that the tuberculum is strongly concave and the capitulum is irregularly convex. In dorsal view, the lateral buttress also forms a slightly ornamented keel (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFACFFD26EF1138E4AF49EDC" box="[1172,1242,395,419]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="21.[115,180,677,701]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,649]" captionTargetId="figure-104@21.[146,1426,144,649]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 8. Mid-cervical rib of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left proximal end of a fourth or fifth cervical rib in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, anterior; D, ventral; E, dorsal; and F, posterior views.Abbreviations:af, anterior fossa; alp, anterolateral process; br, buttressed ridge; cap, capitulum; ctw, capitulotubercular web; pnf, pneumatic foramina; pp, posterior process; tub, tuberculum.Scale bar equals 1 cm." pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFACFFD26EF1138E4AF49EDC" box="[1172,1242,395,419]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="21.[115,180,677,701]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,649]" captionTargetId="figure-104@21.[146,1426,144,649]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 8. Mid-cervical rib of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left proximal end of a fourth or fifth cervical rib in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, anterior; D, ventral; E, dorsal; and F, posterior views.Abbreviations:af, anterior fossa; alp, anterolateral process; br, buttressed ridge; cap, capitulum; ctw, capitulotubercular web; pnf, pneumatic foramina; pp, posterior process; tub, tuberculum.Scale bar equals 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824246/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFACFFD2693013AF4A3F9DE2" blockId="20.[824,1475,144,669]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
In anterior view, the rib has a wide fossa between the capitulotubercular web and anterolateral process (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFACFFD26F3B13CC4B9E9E9E" box="[1374,1456,457,481]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="21.[115,180,677,701]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,649]" captionTargetId="figure-104@21.[146,1426,144,649]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 8. Mid-cervical rib of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left proximal end of a fourth or fifth cervical rib in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, anterior; D, ventral; E, dorsal; and F, posterior views.Abbreviations:af, anterior fossa; alp, anterolateral process; br, buttressed ridge; cap, capitulum; ctw, capitulotubercular web; pnf, pneumatic foramina; pp, posterior process; tub, tuberculum.Scale bar equals 1 cm." pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFACFFD26F3B13CC4B9E9E9E" box="[1374,1456,457,481]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="21.[115,180,677,701]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,649]" captionTargetId="figure-104@21.[146,1426,144,649]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 8. Mid-cervical rib of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left proximal end of a fourth or fifth cervical rib in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, anterior; D, ventral; E, dorsal; and F, posterior views.Abbreviations:af, anterior fossa; alp, anterolateral process; br, buttressed ridge; cap, capitulum; ctw, capitulotubercular web; pnf, pneumatic foramina; pp, posterior process; tub, tuberculum.Scale bar equals 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824246/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
|
||||
); however, this fossa is non-invasive. The lateral surface of the rib body is strongly concave in this view. Conversely, a broad pneumatic fossa with two large foramina piercing the surface can be seen in posterior view (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFACFFD26E5110424A539D20" box="[1076,1149,583,607]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="21.[115,180,677,701]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,649]" captionTargetId="figure-104@21.[146,1426,144,649]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 8. Mid-cervical rib of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left proximal end of a fourth or fifth cervical rib in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, anterior; D, ventral; E, dorsal; and F, posterior views.Abbreviations:af, anterior fossa; alp, anterolateral process; br, buttressed ridge; cap, capitulum; ctw, capitulotubercular web; pnf, pneumatic foramina; pp, posterior process; tub, tuberculum.Scale bar equals 1 cm." pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 8F</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFACFFD26E5110424A539D20" box="[1076,1149,583,607]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="21.[115,180,677,701]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,649]" captionTargetId="figure-104@21.[146,1426,144,649]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 8. Mid-cervical rib of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left proximal end of a fourth or fifth cervical rib in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, anterior; D, ventral; E, dorsal; and F, posterior views.Abbreviations:af, anterior fossa; alp, anterolateral process; br, buttressed ridge; cap, capitulum; ctw, capitulotubercular web; pnf, pneumatic foramina; pp, posterior process; tub, tuberculum.Scale bar equals 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824246/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 8F</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The larger (
|
||||
<quantity id="4CCE95CAFFACFFD26F7410434B7E9D20" box="[1297,1360,582,607]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||||
) is located close to the capitulum whereas the smaller (~
|
||||
|
|
@ -935,9 +938,9 @@ originally identified the cervical rib as a right squamosal (
|
|||
<emphasis id="B942E43DFFACFFD2693011264D909C45" box="[853,958,803,826]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Noasaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
represents a well-preserved proximal left element only lacking some areas of the capitulum surface and the whole rib shaft (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFACFFD269FB11644DF99C06" box="[926,983,865,889]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="21.[113,178,1693,1717]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,812,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-167@21.[145,1425,812,1665]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 9. Posterior cervical rib of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left ninth or 10th cervical rib in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, anterior; E, posterior; and F, ventral views.Abbreviations:alp, anterolateral process; br, buttressed ridge; cap, capitulum; ctw, capitulotubercular web; dlp, dorsolateral process; for?, putative foramen; pf, posterior fossa; pnf, pneumatic foramen; tub, tuberculum. Scale bar equals 1 cm." pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFACFFD269FB11644DF99C06" box="[926,983,865,889]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="21.[113,178,1693,1717]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,812,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-167@21.[145,1425,812,1665]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 9. Posterior cervical rib of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left ninth or 10th cervical rib in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, anterior; E, posterior; and F, ventral views.Abbreviations:alp, anterolateral process; br, buttressed ridge; cap, capitulum; ctw, capitulotubercular web; dlp, dorsolateral process; for?, putative foramen; pf, posterior fossa; pnf, pneumatic foramen; tub, tuberculum. Scale bar equals 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824248" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824248/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||||
). This element corresponds to a caudal cervical rib, probably from the ninth or 10th cervical vertebra, based on the wide distance of the capitulotubercular web, the presence of the sharp anterolateral process, a capitulotubercular web pierced by a pneumatic foramen on tis anterior surface, and the obtuse angle (128°) formed between the main axis of the rib body and the capitulum (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFACFFD269BC16184A6A9B4B" box="[985,1092,1053,1077]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="21.[113,178,1693,1717]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,812,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-167@21.[145,1425,812,1665]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 9. Posterior cervical rib of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left ninth or 10th cervical rib in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, anterior; E, posterior; and F, ventral views.Abbreviations:alp, anterolateral process; br, buttressed ridge; cap, capitulum; ctw, capitulotubercular web; dlp, dorsolateral process; for?, putative foramen; pf, posterior fossa; pnf, pneumatic foramen; tub, tuberculum. Scale bar equals 1 cm." pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 9A, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFACFFD269BC16184A6A9B4B" box="[985,1092,1053,1077]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="21.[113,178,1693,1717]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,812,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-167@21.[145,1425,812,1665]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 9. Posterior cervical rib of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left ninth or 10th cervical rib in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, anterior; E, posterior; and F, ventral views.Abbreviations:alp, anterolateral process; br, buttressed ridge; cap, capitulum; ctw, capitulotubercular web; dlp, dorsolateral process; for?, putative foramen; pf, posterior fossa; pnf, pneumatic foramen; tub, tuberculum. Scale bar equals 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824248" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824248/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 9A, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
; see:
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA745DEFFACFFD26E1816184B0F9B4A" author="O'Connor PM" box="[1149,1313,1053,1077]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="127 - 63" refId="ref46621" refString="O'Connor PM. The postcranial axial skeleton of Majungasaurus crenatissimus (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2007; 27: 127 - 63." type="journal article" year="2007">O’Connor 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
|
|
@ -954,17 +957,17 @@ argued that this element may pertain to a tenth cervical or even the first dorsa
|
|||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFACFFD26930169F4A0099D8" blockId="20.[825,1477,701,1954]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
In dorsal view, the dorsolateral process (dlp) is mediolaterally wide posterior to the contact with the tuberculum and becomes less expanded towards the anterolateral process (alp;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFACFFD26F0016DC4B9F9B8E" box="[1381,1457,1241,1265]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="21.[113,178,1693,1717]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,812,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-167@21.[145,1425,812,1665]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 9. Posterior cervical rib of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left ninth or 10th cervical rib in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, anterior; E, posterior; and F, ventral views.Abbreviations:alp, anterolateral process; br, buttressed ridge; cap, capitulum; ctw, capitulotubercular web; dlp, dorsolateral process; for?, putative foramen; pf, posterior fossa; pnf, pneumatic foramen; tub, tuberculum. Scale bar equals 1 cm." pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFACFFD26F0016DC4B9F9B8E" box="[1381,1457,1241,1265]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="21.[113,178,1693,1717]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,812,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-167@21.[145,1425,812,1665]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 9. Posterior cervical rib of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left ninth or 10th cervical rib in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, anterior; E, posterior; and F, ventral views.Abbreviations:alp, anterolateral process; br, buttressed ridge; cap, capitulum; ctw, capitulotubercular web; dlp, dorsolateral process; for?, putative foramen; pf, posterior fossa; pnf, pneumatic foramen; tub, tuberculum. Scale bar equals 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824248" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824248/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The latter is developed as a pointy and blunt end with slightly concave and convex medial and lateral margins, respectively. The anterolateral process is marked on its dorsal and ventral surfaces by a lateral buttress that extends posteriorly as a faintly ornamented ridge toward the dorsolateral process. The capitulum is robust and projects anterolaterally (in this view) from the main shaft at an angle of 128°; both anterior and posterior margins are straight and ornamented with rugosities, whereas the distal end is eroded and it is not possible to observe whether it was convex as in other abelisauroids. The tuberculum is also robust, dorsomedially projected, and has a short neck when compared with the tuberculum. Its distal end, which is damaged, is circular in cross-section. The capitulotubercular web is hidden by the tuberculum in this view.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFACFFD3693014AA4FCD980B" blockId="20.[825,1477,701,1954]" lastBlockId="21.[113,762,1821,1971]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
In ventral view, the tuberculum and capitulotubercular web are not observable due to the strong development of the capitulum (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFACFFD2698F14E84A14987A" box="[1002,1082,1773,1797]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="21.[113,178,1693,1717]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,812,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-167@21.[145,1425,812,1665]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 9. Posterior cervical rib of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left ninth or 10th cervical rib in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, anterior; E, posterior; and F, ventral views.Abbreviations:alp, anterolateral process; br, buttressed ridge; cap, capitulum; ctw, capitulotubercular web; dlp, dorsolateral process; for?, putative foramen; pf, posterior fossa; pnf, pneumatic foramen; tub, tuberculum. Scale bar equals 1 cm." pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 9F</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFACFFD2698F14E84A14987A" box="[1002,1082,1773,1797]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="21.[113,178,1693,1717]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,812,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-167@21.[145,1425,812,1665]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 9. Posterior cervical rib of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left ninth or 10th cervical rib in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, anterior; E, posterior; and F, ventral views.Abbreviations:alp, anterolateral process; br, buttressed ridge; cap, capitulum; ctw, capitulotubercular web; dlp, dorsolateral process; for?, putative foramen; pf, posterior fossa; pnf, pneumatic foramen; tub, tuberculum. Scale bar equals 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824248" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824248/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 9F</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The overall surface between the capitulum and the main rib body is smooth, except for the lateral buttress (which is continuous from the anterolateral to the dorsolateral processes), which exhibits some slight rugosities. The margin that connects the anterolateral process and tuberculum has a strongly concave contour, almost forming a notch in this area. On the other hand, the central area of the dorsolateral process is pierced by a small and distinct pneumatic foramen (~
|
||||
<quantity id="4CCE95CAFFADFFD36BF215594FF8980B" box="[407,470,1884,1908]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="2.0">2mm</quantity>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DF4968A7FFADFFD36A1610A04A989D8A" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" startId="21.[115,180,677,701]" targetBox="[146,1426,144,649]" targetPageId="21" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="DF4968A7FFADFFD36A1610A04A989D8A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824246" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14824246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824246/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" startId="21.[115,180,677,701]" targetBox="[146,1426,144,649]" targetPageId="21" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFADFFD36A1610A04A989D8A" blockId="21.[113,1451,677,758]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B942E43DFFADFFD36A1610A04EE49DC2" bold="true" box="[115,202,677,701]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
||||
Mid-cervical rib of
|
||||
|
|
@ -974,7 +977,7 @@ Mid-cervical rib of
|
|||
(PVL 4061). Left proximal end of a fourth or fifth cervical rib in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, anterior; D, ventral; E, dorsal; and F, posterior views. Abbreviations: af, anterior fossa; alp, anterolateral process; br, buttressed ridge; cap, capitulum; ctw, capitulotubercular web; pnf, pneumatic foramina; pp, posterior process; tub, tuberculum. Scale bar equals 1 cm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="DF4968A7FFADFFD36A1414984B0B9992" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" startId="21.[113,178,1693,1717]" targetBox="[145,1425,812,1665]" targetPageId="21" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="DF4968A7FFADFFD36A1414984B0B9992" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824248" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14824248" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824248/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" startId="21.[113,178,1693,1717]" targetBox="[145,1425,812,1665]" targetPageId="21" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFADFFD36A1414984B0B9992" blockId="21.[113,1443,1693,1774]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B942E43DFFADFFD36A1414984EE699CA" bold="true" box="[113,200,1693,1717]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
||||
Posterior cervical rib of
|
||||
|
|
@ -986,14 +989,14 @@ Posterior cervical rib of
|
|||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFADFFD06AE815794ECE9E3A" blockId="21.[113,762,1821,1971]" lastBlockId="22.[128,778,144,544]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||||
In anterior view, the tuberculum and capitulum meet at an angle of 84° (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFADFFD36B67159E4F7F98CC" box="[258,337,1947,1971]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="21.[113,178,1693,1717]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,812,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-167@21.[145,1425,812,1665]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 9. Posterior cervical rib of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left ninth or 10th cervical rib in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, anterior; E, posterior; and F, ventral views.Abbreviations:alp, anterolateral process; br, buttressed ridge; cap, capitulum; ctw, capitulotubercular web; dlp, dorsolateral process; for?, putative foramen; pf, posterior fossa; pnf, pneumatic foramen; tub, tuberculum. Scale bar equals 1 cm." pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFADFFD36B67159E4F7F98CC" box="[258,337,1947,1971]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="21.[113,178,1693,1717]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,812,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-167@21.[145,1425,812,1665]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 9. Posterior cervical rib of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left ninth or 10th cervical rib in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, anterior; E, posterior; and F, ventral views.Abbreviations:alp, anterolateral process; br, buttressed ridge; cap, capitulum; ctw, capitulotubercular web; dlp, dorsolateral process; for?, putative foramen; pf, posterior fossa; pnf, pneumatic foramen; tub, tuberculum. Scale bar equals 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824248" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824248/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The capitulotubercular web is mostly missing but its preserved portion proves that it was broad and transversally thin near the tuberculum. The surface between the tuberculum and the anterolateral process is concave; the same condition occurs for the ventral surface that joins the capitulum and the anterolateral process. The pointy anterior end of the anterolateral process flares laterally and its distal tip has a circular cross-section. A conspicuous pneumatic foramen (~
|
||||
<quantity id="4CCE95CAFFAEFFD06ABE12CA4F329F98" box="[219,284,207,231]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||||
) is present within a small fossa. This foramen pierces the anterior surface between the capituloturbecular web and the anterolateral process and enters into the main rib body.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFAEFFD06AF913494F7E9D5F" blockId="22.[128,778,144,544]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||||
In posterior view, a smooth and elliptical fossa characterizes the capitulotubercular web (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFAEFFD06BC5136E4FC89EFC" box="[416,486,363,387]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="21.[113,178,1693,1717]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,812,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-167@21.[145,1425,812,1665]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 9. Posterior cervical rib of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left ninth or 10th cervical rib in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, anterior; E, posterior; and F, ventral views.Abbreviations:alp, anterolateral process; br, buttressed ridge; cap, capitulum; ctw, capitulotubercular web; dlp, dorsolateral process; for?, putative foramen; pf, posterior fossa; pnf, pneumatic foramen; tub, tuberculum. Scale bar equals 1 cm." pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 9E</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFAEFFD06BC5136E4FC89EFC" box="[416,486,363,387]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="21.[113,178,1693,1717]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,812,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-167@21.[145,1425,812,1665]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 9. Posterior cervical rib of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left ninth or 10th cervical rib in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, dorsal; D, anterior; E, posterior; and F, ventral views.Abbreviations:alp, anterolateral process; br, buttressed ridge; cap, capitulum; ctw, capitulotubercular web; dlp, dorsolateral process; for?, putative foramen; pf, posterior fossa; pnf, pneumatic foramen; tub, tuberculum. Scale bar equals 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824248" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824248/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 9E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). This fossa bears a large and teardrop-shaped pneumatic foramen (~
|
||||
<quantity id="4CCE95CAFFAEFFD06878138F4C729EDC" box="[541,604,394,419]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||||
) adjacent to the tuberculum. This foramen also enters the rib body and is probably connected internally with the aforementioned pneumatic structures. The tuberculum is transversally thicker than the capitulum in this view.
|
||||
|
|
@ -1007,7 +1010,7 @@ This element was originally mentioned by
|
|||
as part of the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="548D868DFFAEFFD06B0C108B4FEB9DD9" box="[361,453,654,678]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
but was neither described nor figured. This isolated vertebral body is poorly preserved, with largely eroded areas reconstructed with plaster (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFAEFFD0683E10C84CB39D9A" box="[603,669,717,741]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="22.[129,194,1925,1949]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,1265,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-629@22.[161,1441,1265,1897]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 10. Indeterminate postcervical vertebra of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Centrum in A, left lateral; B, right lateral; C, anterior; D, ventral; E, dorsal; and F, posterior views. Abbreviations:avs, anteroventral sulcus; lf, lateral fossa. Scale bar equals 2 cm." pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig.10</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFAEFFD0683E10C84CB39D9A" box="[603,669,717,741]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="22.[129,194,1925,1949]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,1265,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-629@22.[161,1441,1265,1897]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 10. Indeterminate postcervical vertebra of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Centrum in A, left lateral; B, right lateral; C, anterior; D, ventral; E, dorsal; and F, posterior views. Abbreviations:avs, anteroventral sulcus; lf, lateral fossa. Scale bar equals 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824252" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824252/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig.10</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The centrum probably belongs to the series between the middle and posterior trunk vertebrae owing to the absence of parapophyses and a blind excavation on its lateral surface (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA745DEFFAEFFD06839112E4D2A9C3C" author="O'Connor PM" box="[604,772,811,835]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="127 - 63" refId="ref46621" refString="O'Connor PM. The postcranial axial skeleton of Majungasaurus crenatissimus (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2007; 27: 127 - 63." type="journal article" year="2007">O’Connor 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
|
|
@ -1031,11 +1034,11 @@ Carrano
|
|||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFAEFFD06AF916234DB89E9E" blockId="22.[128,778,623,1211]" lastBlockId="22.[825,1476,144,481]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||||
In lateral view, the centrum, which is a relatively simple element, is elongated (1.7× longer than deep) and weakly amphicoelous, despite both articular surfaces being slightly eroded (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFAEFFD06ABB16864F779BE4" box="[222,345,1155,1179]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="22.[129,194,1925,1949]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,1265,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-629@22.[161,1441,1265,1897]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 10. Indeterminate postcervical vertebra of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Centrum in A, left lateral; B, right lateral; C, anterior; D, ventral; E, dorsal; and F, posterior views. Abbreviations:avs, anteroventral sulcus; lf, lateral fossa. Scale bar equals 2 cm." pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 10A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFAEFFD06ABB16864F779BE4" box="[222,345,1155,1179]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="22.[129,194,1925,1949]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,1265,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-629@22.[161,1441,1265,1897]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 10. Indeterminate postcervical vertebra of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Centrum in A, left lateral; B, right lateral; C, anterior; D, ventral; E, dorsal; and F, posterior views. Abbreviations:avs, anteroventral sulcus; lf, lateral fossa. Scale bar equals 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824252" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824252/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 10A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The lateral surface is characterized by smooth and poorly-developed pleurocentral fossae, lacking other distinctive features. Although not completely observable in this view, the constriction of the centrum on its midlength is visible by the concave ventral margin connecting both articular surfaces. The articular surfaces are ovoid (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFAEFFD06E9E12EB4B5A9E7A" box="[1275,1396,238,262]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="22.[129,194,1925,1949]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,1265,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-629@22.[161,1441,1265,1897]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 10. Indeterminate postcervical vertebra of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Centrum in A, left lateral; B, right lateral; C, anterior; D, ventral; E, dorsal; and F, posterior views. Abbreviations:avs, anteroventral sulcus; lf, lateral fossa. Scale bar equals 2 cm." pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 10C, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFAEFFD06E9E12EB4B5A9E7A" box="[1275,1396,238,262]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="22.[129,194,1925,1949]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,1265,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-629@22.[161,1441,1265,1897]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 10. Indeterminate postcervical vertebra of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Centrum in A, left lateral; B, right lateral; C, anterior; D, ventral; E, dorsal; and F, posterior views. Abbreviations:avs, anteroventral sulcus; lf, lateral fossa. Scale bar equals 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824252" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824252/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 10C, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
), taller than wide, with the posterior articular surface projecting slightly more ventrally relative to the anterior one. In ventral view, the centrum is spool-shaped due to its transversally compressed nature. A shallow and elongate sulcus characterizes the anterior half of the centrum surface (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFAEFFD06E06138E4A939EDC" box="[1123,1213,395,419]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="22.[129,194,1925,1949]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,1265,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-629@22.[161,1441,1265,1897]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 10. Indeterminate postcervical vertebra of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Centrum in A, left lateral; B, right lateral; C, anterior; D, ventral; E, dorsal; and F, posterior views. Abbreviations:avs, anteroventral sulcus; lf, lateral fossa. Scale bar equals 2 cm." pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 10D</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFAEFFD06E06138E4A939EDC" box="[1123,1213,395,419]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="22.[129,194,1925,1949]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,1265,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-629@22.[161,1441,1265,1897]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 10. Indeterminate postcervical vertebra of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Centrum in A, left lateral; B, right lateral; C, anterior; D, ventral; E, dorsal; and F, posterior views. Abbreviations:avs, anteroventral sulcus; lf, lateral fossa. Scale bar equals 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824252" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824252/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 10D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). This sulcus is bounded laterally by thin ridges that gradually fade at the midlength of the centrum.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFAEFFD06E6310044ADB9D64" blockId="22.[1030,1269,513,539]" box="[1030,1269,513,539]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||||
|
|
@ -1089,7 +1092,7 @@ The manual phalanges of
|
|||
<emphasis id="B942E43DFFAEFFD06E04160C4AD49B5F" box="[1121,1274,1032,1056]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Noasaurus leali</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are represented by a non-ungual phalanx probably from digit III, as well as a partial and a complete ungual possibly from digit I (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFAEFFD06F5B16424B9F9B20" box="[1342,1457,1095,1119]" captionStart-0="Figure 11" captionStart-1="Figure 12" captionStart-2="Figure 13" captionStartId-0="23.[114,179,750,774]" captionStartId-1="23.[113,178,1353,1377]" captionStartId-2="24.[129,194,775,799]" captionTargetBox-0="[146,1426,144,723]" captionTargetBox-1="[146,1426,885,1324]" captionTargetBox-2="[161,1441,144,747]" captionTargetId-0="figure-343@23.[146,1426,144,723]" captionTargetId-1="figure-403@23.[146,1426,885,1324]" captionTargetId-2="figure-717@24.[161,1441,144,747]" captionTargetPageId-0="23" captionTargetPageId-1="23" captionTargetPageId-2="24" captionText-0="Figure 11.Manual phalanx of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left manual phalanx III-1 in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, distal; D, dorsal; E, ventral; and F, proximal views.Abbreviations:ac, articular condyles; cp, collateral pits; das, distal articular surface; def, dorsal extensor fossa; ff, flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pas, proximal articular surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm." captionText-1="Figure 12. Manual ungual of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Complete right? manual ungual I? in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, proximal; D, distal; E, F, ventral; G, dorsal views; with F, close-up on the flexor fossa. Abbreviations: ep, extensor process; ff, flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pvp, posteroventral process; r, ridge; vl, ventral lip; vg, vascular groove. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A–E, G) and 5 mm (F)." captionText-2="Figure 13. Manual ungual of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Incomplete left? manual ungual I? in: A, medial; B, lateral; C, distal; D, ventral; E, dorsal; F, proximal views.Abbreviations:ep, extensor process; ff,flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pvp, posteroventral process; r, ridge; vl, ventral lip; vg, vascular groove. Scale bar equals 1 cm." pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs 11–13</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFAEFFD06F5B16424B9F9B20" box="[1342,1457,1095,1119]" captionStart-0="Figure 11" captionStart-1="Figure 12" captionStart-2="Figure 13" captionStartId-0="23.[114,179,750,774]" captionStartId-1="23.[113,178,1353,1377]" captionStartId-2="24.[129,194,775,799]" captionTargetBox-0="[146,1426,144,723]" captionTargetBox-1="[146,1426,885,1324]" captionTargetBox-2="[161,1441,144,747]" captionTargetId-0="figure-343@23.[146,1426,144,723]" captionTargetId-1="figure-403@23.[146,1426,885,1324]" captionTargetId-2="figure-717@24.[161,1441,144,747]" captionTargetPageId-0="23" captionTargetPageId-1="23" captionTargetPageId-2="24" captionText-0="Figure 11.Manual phalanx of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left manual phalanx III-1 in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, distal; D, dorsal; E, ventral; and F, proximal views.Abbreviations:ac, articular condyles; cp, collateral pits; das, distal articular surface; def, dorsal extensor fossa; ff, flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pas, proximal articular surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm." captionText-1="Figure 12. Manual ungual of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Complete right? manual ungual I? in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, proximal; D, distal; E, F, ventral; G, dorsal views; with F, close-up on the flexor fossa. Abbreviations: ep, extensor process; ff, flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pvp, posteroventral process; r, ridge; vl, ventral lip; vg, vascular groove. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A–E, G) and 5 mm (F)." captionText-2="Figure 13. Manual ungual of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Incomplete left? manual ungual I? in: A, medial; B, lateral; C, distal; D, ventral; E, dorsal; F, proximal views.Abbreviations:ep, extensor process; ff,flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pvp, posteroventral process; r, ridge; vl, ventral lip; vg, vascular groove. Scale bar equals 1 cm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824254" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824256" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824258" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14824254/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14824256/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/14824258/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs 11–13</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Because the manus anatomy of noasaurid is still poorly known (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA745DEFFAEFFD0692116834A2D9BE2" author="Langer MC & Martins Nde O & Manzig PC" box="[836,1027,1157,1182]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 31" refId="ref45408" refString="Langer MC, Martins Nde O, Manzig PC et al. A new desert-dwelling dinosaur (Theropoda, Noasaurinae) from the Cretaceous of south Brazil. Scientific Reports 2019; 9: 1 - 31." type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||||
Langer
|
||||
|
|
@ -1104,7 +1107,7 @@ Langer
|
|||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA745DEFFAFFFD16ADA17ED4FDA997F" author="Agnolin FL & Chiarelli P" box="[191,500,1512,1536]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="293 - 300" refId="ref39742" refString="Agnolin FL, Chiarelli P. The position of the claws in Noasauridae (Dinosauria: Abelisauroidea) and its implications for abelisauroid manus evolution. Palaontologische Zeitschrift 2010; 84: 293 - 300. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12542 - 009 - 0044 - 2" type="journal article" year="2010">Agnolín and Chiarelli (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, the non-ungual and ungual phalanges are not considered as being consecutive. In fact, when put in articulation, their mobility is strongly reduced, precluding important flexor or extensor mobility.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DF4968A7FFAEFFD06AE415804ABA98C6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" startId="22.[129,194,1925,1949]" targetBox="[161,1441,1265,1897]" targetPageId="22" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="DF4968A7FFAEFFD06AE415804ABA98C6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824252" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14824252" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824252/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" startId="22.[129,194,1925,1949]" targetBox="[161,1441,1265,1897]" targetPageId="22" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFAEFFD06AE415804ABA98C6" blockId="22.[129,1473,1925,1978]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B942E43DFFAEFFD06AE415804ECB98E2" bold="true" box="[129,229,1925,1949]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figure 10.</emphasis>
|
||||
Indeterminate postcervical vertebra of
|
||||
|
|
@ -1114,7 +1117,7 @@ Indeterminate postcervical vertebra of
|
|||
(PVL 4061). Centrum in A, left lateral; B, right lateral; C, anterior; D, ventral; E, dorsal; and F, posterior views. Abbreviations: avs, anteroventral sulcus; lf, lateral fossa. Scale bar equals 2 cm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="DF4968A7FFAFFFD16A1710EB4D6A9C41" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" startId="23.[114,179,750,774]" targetBox="[146,1426,144,723]" targetPageId="23" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="DF4968A7FFAFFFD16A1710EB4D6A9C41" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824254" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14824254" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824254/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" startId="23.[114,179,750,774]" targetBox="[146,1426,144,723]" targetPageId="23" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFAFFFD16A1710EB4D6A9C41" blockId="23.[113,1436,750,831]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B942E43DFFAFFFD16A1710EB4EF99C79" bold="true" box="[114,215,750,774]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figure 11.</emphasis>
|
||||
Manual phalanx of
|
||||
|
|
@ -1124,7 +1127,7 @@ Manual phalanx of
|
|||
(PVL 4061). Left manual phalanx III-1 in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, distal; D, dorsal; E, ventral; and F, proximal views. Abbreviations: ac, articular condyles; cp, collateral pits; das, distal articular surface; def, dorsal extensor fossa; ff, flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pas, proximal articular surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="DF4968A7FFAFFFD16A14174C4AB89AE6" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" startId="23.[113,178,1353,1377]" targetBox="[146,1426,885,1324]" targetPageId="23" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="DF4968A7FFAFFFD16A14174C4AB89AE6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824256" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14824256" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824256/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" startId="23.[113,178,1353,1377]" targetBox="[146,1426,885,1324]" targetPageId="23" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFAFFFD16A14174C4AB89AE6" blockId="23.[113,1421,1353,1434]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B942E43DFFAFFFD16A14174C4EF89A1E" bold="true" box="[113,214,1353,1377]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figure 12.</emphasis>
|
||||
Manual ungual of
|
||||
|
|
@ -1139,7 +1142,7 @@ Manual ungual of
|
|||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFAFFFD16A1414A14B439807" blockId="23.[112,764,1662,1975]" lastBlockId="23.[809,1460,1481,1975]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||||
A single non-ungual phalanx was recovered (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFAFFFD1684614A14C4A99C3" box="[547,612,1700,1724]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[114,179,750,774]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,723]" captionTargetId="figure-343@23.[146,1426,144,723]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11.Manual phalanx of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left manual phalanx III-1 in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, distal; D, dorsal; E, ventral; and F, proximal views.Abbreviations:ac, articular condyles; cp, collateral pits; das, distal articular surface; def, dorsal extensor fossa; ff, flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pas, proximal articular surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm." pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig.11</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFAFFFD1684614A14C4A99C3" box="[547,612,1700,1724]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[114,179,750,774]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,723]" captionTargetId="figure-343@23.[146,1426,144,723]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11.Manual phalanx of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left manual phalanx III-1 in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, distal; D, dorsal; E, ventral; and F, proximal views.Abbreviations:ac, articular condyles; cp, collateral pits; das, distal articular surface; def, dorsal extensor fossa; ff, flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pas, proximal articular surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824254" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824254/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig.11</figureCitation>
|
||||
). In contrast to recently published foot phalanges of noasaurids (e.g.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3643ACFFAFFFD168E214C64CD299A4" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1991" box="[647,764,1731,1755]" family="Noasauridae" genus="Velocisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B942E43DFFAFFFD168E214C64CD299A4" box="[647,764,1731,1755]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Velocisaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1167,7 +1170,7 @@ Langer
|
|||
resembles those of the manus in having the collateral ligamental pit dorsally displaced and the distal articular condyles ventrally located with respect to the main axis of the phalanx shaft (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA745DEFFAFFFD16B4915654C109807" author="Agnolin FL & Chiarelli P" box="[300,574,1888,1912]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="293 - 300" refId="ref39742" refString="Agnolin FL, Chiarelli P. The position of the claws in Noasauridae (Dinosauria: Abelisauroidea) and its implications for abelisauroid manus evolution. Palaontologische Zeitschrift 2010; 84: 293 - 300. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12542 - 009 - 0044 - 2" type="journal article" year="2010">Agnolín and Chiarelli 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Based on its size and the well-differentiated proximal and distal articular surfaces (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFAFFFD16A19159A4EC098C9" box="[124,238,1951,1975]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[114,179,750,774]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,723]" captionTargetId="figure-343@23.[146,1426,144,723]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11.Manual phalanx of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left manual phalanx III-1 in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, distal; D, dorsal; E, ventral; and F, proximal views.Abbreviations:ac, articular condyles; cp, collateral pits; das, distal articular surface; def, dorsal extensor fossa; ff, flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pas, proximal articular surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm." pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 11A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFAFFFD16A19159A4EC098C9" box="[124,238,1951,1975]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[114,179,750,774]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,723]" captionTargetId="figure-343@23.[146,1426,144,723]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11.Manual phalanx of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left manual phalanx III-1 in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, distal; D, dorsal; E, ventral; and F, proximal views.Abbreviations:ac, articular condyles; cp, collateral pits; das, distal articular surface; def, dorsal extensor fossa; ff, flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pas, proximal articular surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824254" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824254/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 11A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
), this phalanx probably does not belong to manual digit IV. Phalanx IV-1 is indeed nub-shaped, with a rounded distal end, as seen in other ceratosaurs such as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3643ACFFAFFFD16ED217EC4B1A997F" baseAuthorityName="Madsen and Welles" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[1207,1332,1513,1536]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratosauridae" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B942E43DFFAFFFD16ED217EC4B1A997F" box="[1207,1332,1513,1536]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Ceratosaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1236,16 +1239,16 @@ as a left manual phalanx III-1.
|
|||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFAFFFDE6920157A4FF79BA7" blockId="23.[809,1460,1481,1975]" lastBlockId="24.[127,779,903,1804]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||||
The phalanx is proportionally short, dorsoventrally compressed and robust (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFAFFFD16999159A4A4098C9" box="[1020,1134,1951,1975]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[114,179,750,774]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,723]" captionTargetId="figure-343@23.[146,1426,144,723]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11.Manual phalanx of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left manual phalanx III-1 in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, distal; D, dorsal; E, ventral; and F, proximal views.Abbreviations:ac, articular condyles; cp, collateral pits; das, distal articular surface; def, dorsal extensor fossa; ff, flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pas, proximal articular surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm." pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 11A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFAFFFD16999159A4A4098C9" box="[1020,1134,1951,1975]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[114,179,750,774]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,723]" captionTargetId="figure-343@23.[146,1426,144,723]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11.Manual phalanx of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left manual phalanx III-1 in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, distal; D, dorsal; E, ventral; and F, proximal views.Abbreviations:ac, articular condyles; cp, collateral pits; das, distal articular surface; def, dorsal extensor fossa; ff, flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pas, proximal articular surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824254" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824254/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 11A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). In dorsal and ventral views, it is roughly subtriangular in outline (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA0FFDE6B9D11824C439CE0" box="[504,621,903,927]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[114,179,750,774]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,723]" captionTargetId="figure-343@23.[146,1426,144,723]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11.Manual phalanx of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left manual phalanx III-1 in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, distal; D, dorsal; E, ventral; and F, proximal views.Abbreviations:ac, articular condyles; cp, collateral pits; das, distal articular surface; def, dorsal extensor fossa; ff, flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pas, proximal articular surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm." pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 11D, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA0FFDE6B9D11824C439CE0" box="[504,621,903,927]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[114,179,750,774]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,723]" captionTargetId="figure-343@23.[146,1426,144,723]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11.Manual phalanx of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left manual phalanx III-1 in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, distal; D, dorsal; E, ventral; and F, proximal views.Abbreviations:ac, articular condyles; cp, collateral pits; das, distal articular surface; def, dorsal extensor fossa; ff, flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pas, proximal articular surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824254" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824254/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 11D, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). In side view, the proximal and distal articular surfaces are separated by a well-developed phalangeal neck (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA0FFDE6BC411C34C3F9CA2" box="[417,529,966,990]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[114,179,750,774]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,723]" captionTargetId="figure-343@23.[146,1426,144,723]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11.Manual phalanx of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left manual phalanx III-1 in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, distal; D, dorsal; E, ventral; and F, proximal views.Abbreviations:ac, articular condyles; cp, collateral pits; das, distal articular surface; def, dorsal extensor fossa; ff, flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pas, proximal articular surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm." pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 11A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA0FFDE6BC411C34C3F9CA2" box="[417,529,966,990]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[114,179,750,774]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,723]" captionTargetId="figure-343@23.[146,1426,144,723]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11.Manual phalanx of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left manual phalanx III-1 in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, distal; D, dorsal; E, ventral; and F, proximal views.Abbreviations:ac, articular condyles; cp, collateral pits; das, distal articular surface; def, dorsal extensor fossa; ff, flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pas, proximal articular surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824254" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824254/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 11A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The proximal articular surface shows nearly straight to subparallel dorsal and ventral surfaces (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA0FFDE6A8716014F1A9B62" box="[226,308,1028,1053]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[114,179,750,774]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,723]" captionTargetId="figure-343@23.[146,1426,144,723]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11.Manual phalanx of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left manual phalanx III-1 in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, distal; D, dorsal; E, ventral; and F, proximal views.Abbreviations:ac, articular condyles; cp, collateral pits; das, distal articular surface; def, dorsal extensor fossa; ff, flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pas, proximal articular surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm." pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 11F</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA0FFDE6A8716014F1A9B62" box="[226,308,1028,1053]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[114,179,750,774]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,723]" captionTargetId="figure-343@23.[146,1426,144,723]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11.Manual phalanx of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left manual phalanx III-1 in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, distal; D, dorsal; E, ventral; and F, proximal views.Abbreviations:ac, articular condyles; cp, collateral pits; das, distal articular surface; def, dorsal extensor fossa; ff, flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pas, proximal articular surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824254" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824254/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 11F</figureCitation>
|
||||
). This results in an inverted trapezoidal shape. The proximal end shows an extensor process that is dorsally flat and strongly transversely expanded. In contrast, the flexor process is subquadrangular in outline and transversely narrow, representing less than one-third of the proximal phalangeal width. The medial surface of the extensor process is thicker and forms a bump absent on its lateral surface.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DF4968A7FFA0FFDE6AE411024C019C28" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" startId="24.[129,194,775,799]" targetBox="[161,1441,144,747]" targetPageId="24" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="DF4968A7FFA0FFDE6AE411024C019C28" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824258" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14824258" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824258/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" startId="24.[129,194,775,799]" targetBox="[161,1441,144,747]" targetPageId="24" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFA0FFDE6AE411024C019C28" blockId="24.[129,1462,775,856]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B942E43DFFA0FFDE6AE411024ECB9C60" bold="true" box="[129,229,775,799]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figure 13.</emphasis>
|
||||
Manual ungual of
|
||||
|
|
@ -1257,14 +1260,14 @@ Manual ungual of
|
|||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFA0FFDE6AF916E54C579AEB" blockId="24.[127,779,903,1804]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||||
The proximal articular surface is strongly excavated and subdivided by a deep and subvertically oriented keel (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA0FFDE681416FA4CEC9A68" box="[625,706,1279,1303]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[114,179,750,774]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,723]" captionTargetId="figure-343@23.[146,1426,144,723]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11.Manual phalanx of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left manual phalanx III-1 in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, distal; D, dorsal; E, ventral; and F, proximal views.Abbreviations:ac, articular condyles; cp, collateral pits; das, distal articular surface; def, dorsal extensor fossa; ff, flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pas, proximal articular surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm." pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 11F</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA0FFDE681416FA4CEC9A68" box="[625,706,1279,1303]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[114,179,750,774]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,723]" captionTargetId="figure-343@23.[146,1426,144,723]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11.Manual phalanx of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left manual phalanx III-1 in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, distal; D, dorsal; E, ventral; and F, proximal views.Abbreviations:ac, articular condyles; cp, collateral pits; das, distal articular surface; def, dorsal extensor fossa; ff, flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pas, proximal articular surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824254" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824254/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 11F</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Both surfaces are well-excavated and are subequal in size and shape, the medial one being slightly narrower than the lateral one on its ventral surface. This results in the fact that the proximal articular surface is more exposed in medial than in lateral view.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFA0FFDE6AF917994C369873" blockId="24.[127,779,903,1804]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||||
The distal ginglymoid is notably expanded and shows very narrow and acute articular condyles. The latter are separated by a deep and wide groove (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA0FFDE6BED17DF4FF39A8C" box="[392,477,1498,1523]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[114,179,750,774]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,723]" captionTargetId="figure-343@23.[146,1426,144,723]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11.Manual phalanx of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left manual phalanx III-1 in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, distal; D, dorsal; E, ventral; and F, proximal views.Abbreviations:ac, articular condyles; cp, collateral pits; das, distal articular surface; def, dorsal extensor fossa; ff, flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pas, proximal articular surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm." pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 11E</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA0FFDE6BED17DF4FF39A8C" box="[392,477,1498,1523]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[114,179,750,774]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,723]" captionTargetId="figure-343@23.[146,1426,144,723]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11.Manual phalanx of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left manual phalanx III-1 in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, distal; D, dorsal; E, ventral; and F, proximal views.Abbreviations:ac, articular condyles; cp, collateral pits; das, distal articular surface; def, dorsal extensor fossa; ff, flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pas, proximal articular surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824254" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824254/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 11E</figureCitation>
|
||||
), forming a pulley-like distal articular surface. In distal view, the distal end of the phalanx is subquadrangular in outline (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA0FFDE6BC8141C4C29994E" box="[429,519,1561,1585]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[114,179,750,774]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,723]" captionTargetId="figure-343@23.[146,1426,144,723]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11.Manual phalanx of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left manual phalanx III-1 in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, distal; D, dorsal; E, ventral; and F, proximal views.Abbreviations:ac, articular condyles; cp, collateral pits; das, distal articular surface; def, dorsal extensor fossa; ff, flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pas, proximal articular surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm." pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA0FFDE6BC8141C4C29994E" box="[429,519,1561,1585]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="23.[114,179,750,774]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,723]" captionTargetId="figure-343@23.[146,1426,144,723]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 11.Manual phalanx of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Left manual phalanx III-1 in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, distal; D, dorsal; E, ventral; and F, proximal views.Abbreviations:ac, articular condyles; cp, collateral pits; das, distal articular surface; def, dorsal extensor fossa; ff, flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pas, proximal articular surface. Scale bars equal 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824254" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824254/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The articular condyles are subparallel to each other and slightly medially oriented. Both condyles are subequal in shape, the medial one being only slightly larger than the lateral one. Both flexor and extensor fossae are deep and well defined, resulting in a deep separation between the proximal and distal articular surfaces. Collateral ligamental pits are deep and ellipsoidal in contour and the medial one is wider but shallower than the lateral one.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFA0FFDE6B1D15294C3C9839" blockId="24.[129,778,1836,1961]" box="[376,530,1836,1862]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||||
|
|
@ -1277,9 +1280,9 @@ The
|
|||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<typeStatus id="548D868DFFA0FFDE6B5815574FB49815" box="[317,410,1874,1898]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
includes two manual unguals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA0FFDE6AEE15774EF398F5" box="[139,221,1906,1930]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="23.[113,178,1353,1377]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,885,1324]" captionTargetId="figure-403@23.[146,1426,885,1324]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 12. Manual ungual of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Complete right? manual ungual I? in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, proximal; D, distal; E, F, ventral; G, dorsal views; with F, close-up on the flexor fossa. Abbreviations: ep, extensor process; ff, flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pvp, posteroventral process; r, ridge; vl, ventral lip; vg, vascular groove. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A–E, G) and 5 mm (F)." pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs 12</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA0FFDE6AEE15774EF398F5" box="[139,221,1906,1930]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="23.[113,178,1353,1377]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,885,1324]" captionTargetId="figure-403@23.[146,1426,885,1324]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 12. Manual ungual of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Complete right? manual ungual I? in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, proximal; D, distal; E, F, ventral; G, dorsal views; with F, close-up on the flexor fossa. Abbreviations: ep, extensor process; ff, flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pvp, posteroventral process; r, ridge; vl, ventral lip; vg, vascular groove. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A–E, G) and 5 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824256" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824256/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs 12</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA0FFDE6A9515774F2498F5" box="[240,266,1906,1930]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[129,194,775,799]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,747]" captionTargetId="figure-717@24.[161,1441,144,747]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Manual ungual of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Incomplete left? manual ungual I? in: A, medial; B, lateral; C, distal; D, ventral; E, dorsal; F, proximal views.Abbreviations:ep, extensor process; ff,flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pvp, posteroventral process; r, ridge; vl, ventral lip; vg, vascular groove. Scale bar equals 1 cm." pageId="24" pageNumber="25">13</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA0FFDE6A9515774F2498F5" box="[240,266,1906,1930]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[129,194,775,799]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,747]" captionTargetId="figure-717@24.[161,1441,144,747]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Manual ungual of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Incomplete left? manual ungual I? in: A, medial; B, lateral; C, distal; D, ventral; E, dorsal; F, proximal views.Abbreviations:ep, extensor process; ff,flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pvp, posteroventral process; r, ridge; vl, ventral lip; vg, vascular groove. Scale bar equals 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824258" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824258/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">13</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Unguals of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3643ACFFA0FFDE6BC915764C3898F5" authorityName="Bonaparte and Powell" authorityYear="1980" box="[428,534,1907,1930]" family="Noasauridae" genus="Noasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B942E43DFFA0FFDE6BC915764C3898F5" box="[428,534,1907,1930]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Noasaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1361,11 +1364,11 @@ Kubota
|
|||
2024
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
; C.H. pers. obs.), especially those with enlarged ungual I. The ungual is also tentatively assigned to the right digit based on the slightly medial/inner curvature of the distal extremity of the claw in ventral, dorsal, proximal, and distal views (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA0FFDE6F3917DF4D49996D" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="23.[113,178,1353,1377]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,885,1324]" captionTargetId="figure-403@23.[146,1426,885,1324]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 12. Manual ungual of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Complete right? manual ungual I? in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, proximal; D, distal; E, F, ventral; G, dorsal views; with F, close-up on the flexor fossa. Abbreviations: ep, extensor process; ff, flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pvp, posteroventral process; r, ridge; vl, ventral lip; vg, vascular groove. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A–E, G) and 5 mm (F)." pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 12C– E, G</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA0FFDE6F3917DF4D49996D" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="23.[113,178,1353,1377]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,885,1324]" captionTargetId="figure-403@23.[146,1426,885,1324]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 12. Manual ungual of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Complete right? manual ungual I? in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, proximal; D, distal; E, F, ventral; G, dorsal views; with F, close-up on the flexor fossa. Abbreviations: ep, extensor process; ff, flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pvp, posteroventral process; r, ridge; vl, ventral lip; vg, vascular groove. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A–E, G) and 5 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824256" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824256/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 12C– E, G</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The other claw, despite only preserving the proximal half (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA0FFDE6921141C4DA7994E" box="[836,905,1561,1585]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[129,194,775,799]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,747]" captionTargetId="figure-717@24.[161,1441,144,747]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Manual ungual of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Incomplete left? manual ungual I? in: A, medial; B, lateral; C, distal; D, ventral; E, dorsal; F, proximal views.Abbreviations:ep, extensor process; ff,flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pvp, posteroventral process; r, ridge; vl, ventral lip; vg, vascular groove. Scale bar equals 1 cm." pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA0FFDE6921141C4DA7994E" box="[836,905,1561,1585]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[129,194,775,799]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,747]" captionTargetId="figure-717@24.[161,1441,144,747]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Manual ungual of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Incomplete left? manual ungual I? in: A, medial; B, lateral; C, distal; D, ventral; E, dorsal; F, proximal views.Abbreviations:ep, extensor process; ff,flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pvp, posteroventral process; r, ridge; vl, ventral lip; vg, vascular groove. Scale bar equals 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824258" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824258/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
), is tentatively identified as ungual I from the left manus owing to the fact that it shares with the complete ungual the same size and curvature, and the slight medial curvature of the claw in proximal view (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA0FFDE6E4D14724A5299F0" box="[1064,1148,1655,1679]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[129,194,775,799]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,747]" captionTargetId="figure-717@24.[161,1441,144,747]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Manual ungual of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Incomplete left? manual ungual I? in: A, medial; B, lateral; C, distal; D, ventral; E, dorsal; F, proximal views.Abbreviations:ep, extensor process; ff,flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pvp, posteroventral process; r, ridge; vl, ventral lip; vg, vascular groove. Scale bar equals 1 cm." pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 13F</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA0FFDE6E4D14724A5299F0" box="[1064,1148,1655,1679]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[129,194,775,799]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,747]" captionTargetId="figure-717@24.[161,1441,144,747]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Manual ungual of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Incomplete left? manual ungual I? in: A, medial; B, lateral; C, distal; D, ventral; E, dorsal; F, proximal views.Abbreviations:ep, extensor process; ff,flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pvp, posteroventral process; r, ridge; vl, ventral lip; vg, vascular groove. Scale bar equals 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824258" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824258/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 13F</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFA0FFDF693014934FAC9E5A" blockId="24.[824,1476,903,1961]" lastBlockId="25.[113,764,144,1484]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||||
|
|
@ -1374,22 +1377,22 @@ The manual claw of
|
|||
<emphasis id="B942E43DFFA0FFDE6E5A14924A8699D1" box="[1087,1192,1687,1710]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Noasaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
shows a strongly curved blade that forms an arch of about 90° along its ventral margin (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA0FFDE692114D04DA49992" box="[836,906,1749,1773]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="23.[113,178,1353,1377]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,885,1324]" captionTargetId="figure-403@23.[146,1426,885,1324]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 12. Manual ungual of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Complete right? manual ungual I? in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, proximal; D, distal; E, F, ventral; G, dorsal views; with F, close-up on the flexor fossa. Abbreviations: ep, extensor process; ff, flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pvp, posteroventral process; r, ridge; vl, ventral lip; vg, vascular groove. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A–E, G) and 5 mm (F)." pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA0FFDE692114D04DA49992" box="[836,906,1749,1773]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="23.[113,178,1353,1377]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,885,1324]" captionTargetId="figure-403@23.[146,1426,885,1324]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 12. Manual ungual of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Complete right? manual ungual I? in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, proximal; D, distal; E, F, ventral; G, dorsal views; with F, close-up on the flexor fossa. Abbreviations: ep, extensor process; ff, flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pvp, posteroventral process; r, ridge; vl, ventral lip; vg, vascular groove. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A–E, G) and 5 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824256" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824256/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The proximal end of the dorsal margin of the blade is nearly straight, with a curvature starting approximately at one-third of the length of the bone (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA0FFDE6EE315114AD69854" box="[1158,1272,1812,1836]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="23.[113,178,1353,1377]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,885,1324]" captionTargetId="figure-403@23.[146,1426,885,1324]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 12. Manual ungual of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Complete right? manual ungual I? in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, proximal; D, distal; E, F, ventral; G, dorsal views; with F, close-up on the flexor fossa. Abbreviations: ep, extensor process; ff, flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pvp, posteroventral process; r, ridge; vl, ventral lip; vg, vascular groove. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A–E, G) and 5 mm (F)." pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 12A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA0FFDE6EE315114AD69854" box="[1158,1272,1812,1836]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="23.[113,178,1353,1377]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,885,1324]" captionTargetId="figure-403@23.[146,1426,885,1324]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 12. Manual ungual of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Complete right? manual ungual I? in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, proximal; D, distal; E, F, ventral; G, dorsal views; with F, close-up on the flexor fossa. Abbreviations: ep, extensor process; ff, flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pvp, posteroventral process; r, ridge; vl, ventral lip; vg, vascular groove. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A–E, G) and 5 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824256" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824256/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 12A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The ungual blade is strongly laterally compressed and shows a roughly ovoidal to subtriangular cross-sectional outline. One surface of the blade is nearly flat, whereas the other is slightly convex, suggesting that the former probably corresponds to the medial aspect of the ungual, whereas the latter is the lateral surface (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA1FFDF683D12954C9F9FD7" box="[600,689,144,168]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="23.[113,178,1353,1377]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,885,1324]" captionTargetId="figure-403@23.[146,1426,885,1324]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 12. Manual ungual of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Complete right? manual ungual I? in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, proximal; D, distal; E, F, ventral; G, dorsal views; with F, close-up on the flexor fossa. Abbreviations: ep, extensor process; ff, flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pvp, posteroventral process; r, ridge; vl, ventral lip; vg, vascular groove. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A–E, G) and 5 mm (F)." pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figs 12E</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA1FFDF683D12954C9F9FD7" box="[600,689,144,168]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="23.[113,178,1353,1377]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,885,1324]" captionTargetId="figure-403@23.[146,1426,885,1324]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 12. Manual ungual of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Complete right? manual ungual I? in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, proximal; D, distal; E, F, ventral; G, dorsal views; with F, close-up on the flexor fossa. Abbreviations: ep, extensor process; ff, flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pvp, posteroventral process; r, ridge; vl, ventral lip; vg, vascular groove. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A–E, G) and 5 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824256" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824256/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figs 12E</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA1FFDF68D812954CC79FD7" box="[701,745,144,168]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[129,194,775,799]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,747]" captionTargetId="figure-717@24.[161,1441,144,747]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Manual ungual of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Incomplete left? manual ungual I? in: A, medial; B, lateral; C, distal; D, ventral; E, dorsal; F, proximal views.Abbreviations:ep, extensor process; ff,flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pvp, posteroventral process; r, ridge; vl, ventral lip; vg, vascular groove. Scale bar equals 1 cm." pageId="25" pageNumber="26">13D</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA1FFDF68D812954CC79FD7" box="[701,745,144,168]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[129,194,775,799]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,747]" captionTargetId="figure-717@24.[161,1441,144,747]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Manual ungual of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Incomplete left? manual ungual I? in: A, medial; B, lateral; C, distal; D, ventral; E, dorsal; F, proximal views.Abbreviations:ep, extensor process; ff,flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pvp, posteroventral process; r, ridge; vl, ventral lip; vg, vascular groove. Scale bar equals 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824258" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824258/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">13D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). There is a single collateral vascular groove extending along the dorsal third of the blade. The medial collateral vascular groove appears to be deeper than the lateral one; this may, however, be an artefact of preservation.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFA1FFDF6AE813284ED49DE2" blockId="25.[113,764,144,1484]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||||
The ventral surface of the manual ungual is notably complex and lacks any sign of flexor tubercle and flexor facets (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA1FFDF68FC13494EAE9EFC" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="23.[113,178,1353,1377]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,885,1324]" captionTargetId="figure-403@23.[146,1426,885,1324]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 12. Manual ungual of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Complete right? manual ungual I? in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, proximal; D, distal; E, F, ventral; G, dorsal views; with F, close-up on the flexor fossa. Abbreviations: ep, extensor process; ff, flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pvp, posteroventral process; r, ridge; vl, ventral lip; vg, vascular groove. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A–E, G) and 5 mm (F)." pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figs 12A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA1FFDF68FC13494EAE9EFC" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="23.[113,178,1353,1377]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,885,1324]" captionTargetId="figure-403@23.[146,1426,885,1324]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 12. Manual ungual of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Complete right? manual ungual I? in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, proximal; D, distal; E, F, ventral; G, dorsal views; with F, close-up on the flexor fossa. Abbreviations: ep, extensor process; ff, flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pvp, posteroventral process; r, ridge; vl, ventral lip; vg, vascular groove. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A–E, G) and 5 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824256" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824256/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figs 12A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA1FFDF6AEA136E4EF69EFC" box="[143,216,363,387]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[129,194,775,799]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,747]" captionTargetId="figure-717@24.[161,1441,144,747]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Manual ungual of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Incomplete left? manual ungual I? in: A, medial; B, lateral; C, distal; D, ventral; E, dorsal; F, proximal views.Abbreviations:ep, extensor process; ff,flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pvp, posteroventral process; r, ridge; vl, ventral lip; vg, vascular groove. Scale bar equals 1 cm." pageId="25" pageNumber="26">13A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA1FFDF6AEA136E4EF69EFC" box="[143,216,363,387]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[129,194,775,799]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,747]" captionTargetId="figure-717@24.[161,1441,144,747]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Manual ungual of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Incomplete left? manual ungual I? in: A, medial; B, lateral; C, distal; D, ventral; E, dorsal; F, proximal views.Abbreviations:ep, extensor process; ff,flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pvp, posteroventral process; r, ridge; vl, ventral lip; vg, vascular groove. Scale bar equals 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824258" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824258/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">13A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). It, however, shows a very deep and subtriangular fossa which is delimited by a poorly raised posteroventral process proximally and by two well-defined ridges distally. These two ridges contact each other distally to form a ‘V’-shape (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA1FFDF68B113CC4EB79D7E" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="23.[113,178,1353,1377]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,885,1324]" captionTargetId="figure-403@23.[146,1426,885,1324]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 12. Manual ungual of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Complete right? manual ungual I? in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, proximal; D, distal; E, F, ventral; G, dorsal views; with F, close-up on the flexor fossa. Abbreviations: ep, extensor process; ff, flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pvp, posteroventral process; r, ridge; vl, ventral lip; vg, vascular groove. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A–E, G) and 5 mm (F)." pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 12F</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA1FFDF68B113CC4EB79D7E" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="23.[113,178,1353,1377]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,885,1324]" captionTargetId="figure-403@23.[146,1426,885,1324]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 12. Manual ungual of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Complete right? manual ungual I? in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, proximal; D, distal; E, F, ventral; G, dorsal views; with F, close-up on the flexor fossa. Abbreviations: ep, extensor process; ff, flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pvp, posteroventral process; r, ridge; vl, ventral lip; vg, vascular groove. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A–E, G) and 5 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824256" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824256/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 12F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) whose anteriorly directed apex extends as a midline ridge up to the distal point of the claw. Such peculiar morphology of the ventral surface of the manual ungual is unknown in any other theropod, including other noasaurids such as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3643ACFFA1FFDF681810424F149D01" authority="(Langer et al. 2019)" baseAuthorityName="Langer" baseAuthorityYear="2019" family="Noasauridae" genus="Vespersaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B942E43DFFA1FFDF681810424CD59D21" box="[637,763,583,606]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Vespersaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1409,13 +1412,13 @@ Langer
|
|||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFA1FFDF6AE810A04C8A9B0C" blockId="25.[113,764,144,1484]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||||
The proximal articular surface of the ungual is subrectangular in proximal view (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA1FFDF6B4A10C14FA29DA3" box="[303,396,708,732]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="23.[113,178,1353,1377]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,885,1324]" captionTargetId="figure-403@23.[146,1426,885,1324]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 12. Manual ungual of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Complete right? manual ungual I? in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, proximal; D, distal; E, F, ventral; G, dorsal views; with F, close-up on the flexor fossa. Abbreviations: ep, extensor process; ff, flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pvp, posteroventral process; r, ridge; vl, ventral lip; vg, vascular groove. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A–E, G) and 5 mm (F)." pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figs 12C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA1FFDF6B4A10C14FA29DA3" box="[303,396,708,732]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="23.[113,178,1353,1377]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,885,1324]" captionTargetId="figure-403@23.[146,1426,885,1324]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 12. Manual ungual of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Complete right? manual ungual I? in: A, lateral; B, medial; C, proximal; D, distal; E, F, ventral; G, dorsal views; with F, close-up on the flexor fossa. Abbreviations: ep, extensor process; ff, flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pvp, posteroventral process; r, ridge; vl, ventral lip; vg, vascular groove. Scale bars equal 1 cm (A–E, G) and 5 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824256" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824256/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figs 12C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA1FFDF6BFD10C14FEE9DA3" box="[408,448,708,732]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[129,194,775,799]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,747]" captionTargetId="figure-717@24.[161,1441,144,747]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Manual ungual of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Incomplete left? manual ungual I? in: A, medial; B, lateral; C, distal; D, ventral; E, dorsal; F, proximal views.Abbreviations:ep, extensor process; ff,flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pvp, posteroventral process; r, ridge; vl, ventral lip; vg, vascular groove. Scale bar equals 1 cm." pageId="25" pageNumber="26">13F</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA1FFDF6BFD10C14FEE9DA3" box="[408,448,708,732]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[129,194,775,799]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,747]" captionTargetId="figure-717@24.[161,1441,144,747]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Manual ungual of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Incomplete left? manual ungual I? in: A, medial; B, lateral; C, distal; D, ventral; E, dorsal; F, proximal views.Abbreviations:ep, extensor process; ff,flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pvp, posteroventral process; r, ridge; vl, ventral lip; vg, vascular groove. Scale bar equals 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824258" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824258/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">13F</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The subvertical midline keel separates two deep and subrectangular concave cotyles for the articulation with the condyles of the non-ungual phalanx. The cotyles are well defined, particularly deep, and result in a ‘C’-shaped articular surface when viewed from the sides (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA1FFDF68B511444E969C07" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[129,194,775,799]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,747]" captionTargetId="figure-717@24.[161,1441,144,747]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Manual ungual of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Incomplete left? manual ungual I? in: A, medial; B, lateral; C, distal; D, ventral; E, dorsal; F, proximal views.Abbreviations:ep, extensor process; ff,flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pvp, posteroventral process; r, ridge; vl, ventral lip; vg, vascular groove. Scale bar equals 1 cm." pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figs 13A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA1FFDF68B511444E969C07" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[129,194,775,799]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,747]" captionTargetId="figure-717@24.[161,1441,144,747]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Manual ungual of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Incomplete left? manual ungual I? in: A, medial; B, lateral; C, distal; D, ventral; E, dorsal; F, proximal views.Abbreviations:ep, extensor process; ff,flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pvp, posteroventral process; r, ridge; vl, ventral lip; vg, vascular groove. Scale bar equals 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824258" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824258/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figs 13A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA1FFDF6AA011644F259C07" box="[197,267,865,889]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[130,195,1602,1626]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,146,1575]" captionTargetId="figure-132@26.[161,1441,146,1575]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Metatarsal II (MtII) of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right MtII in: A, medial; B, anterior; C, lateral; D, posterior; E, proximal; F, distal views; with close-up on the G, medial and; H, lateral collateral pits in medial (G) and lateral (H) views. Abbreviations: cmtI?, possible contact for MtI; cmtIII, contact for MtIII; cp, collateral pit; dg, distal groove; ef, extensor fossa; gc, scar for m. gastrocnemius; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; ms, muscle scar; su, sulcus. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (bar on the top for E, F; bar on the bottom for G, H)." pageId="25" pageNumber="26">14A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA1FFDF6AA011644F259C07" box="[197,267,865,889]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[130,195,1602,1626]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,146,1575]" captionTargetId="figure-132@26.[161,1441,146,1575]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Metatarsal II (MtII) of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right MtII in: A, medial; B, anterior; C, lateral; D, posterior; E, proximal; F, distal views; with close-up on the G, medial and; H, lateral collateral pits in medial (G) and lateral (H) views. Abbreviations: cmtI?, possible contact for MtI; cmtIII, contact for MtIII; cp, collateral pit; dg, distal groove; ef, extensor fossa; gc, scar for m. gastrocnemius; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; ms, muscle scar; su, sulcus. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (bar on the top for E, F; bar on the bottom for G, H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824262/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">14A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The lateral cotyle is transversely narrower and dorsoventrally taller than the medial one. Both cotyles are delimited at their sides by narrow and acute ridges. The midline keel is notably prominent and forms a small wall separating the cotyles in side view. This keel is well-separated from the flexor process [the ‘proximoventral process’ of
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA745DEFFA1FFDF6BA711F84CDE9B6A" author="Agnolin FL & Chiarelli P" box="[450,752,1021,1045]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="293 - 300" refId="ref39742" refString="Agnolin FL, Chiarelli P. The position of the claws in Noasauridae (Dinosauria: Abelisauroidea) and its implications for abelisauroid manus evolution. Palaontologische Zeitschrift 2010; 84: 293 - 300. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12542 - 009 - 0044 - 2" type="journal article" year="2010">Agnolín and Chiarelli (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
] in this same view. The extensor process [the ‘proximodorsal process’ of
|
||||
|
|
@ -1424,11 +1427,11 @@ The proximal articular surface of the ungual is subrectangular in proximal view
|
|||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFA1FFDF6AE8167E4FBC9AB3" blockId="25.[113,764,144,1484]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||||
Only the proximal third of the left? manual ungual is preserved (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA1FFDF6AA1169F4F269BCD" box="[196,264,1178,1202]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[129,194,775,799]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,747]" captionTargetId="figure-717@24.[161,1441,144,747]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Manual ungual of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Incomplete left? manual ungual I? in: A, medial; B, lateral; C, distal; D, ventral; E, dorsal; F, proximal views.Abbreviations:ep, extensor process; ff,flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pvp, posteroventral process; r, ridge; vl, ventral lip; vg, vascular groove. Scale bar equals 1 cm." pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA1FFDF6AA1169F4F269BCD" box="[196,264,1178,1202]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[129,194,775,799]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,747]" captionTargetId="figure-717@24.[161,1441,144,747]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Manual ungual of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Incomplete left? manual ungual I? in: A, medial; B, lateral; C, distal; D, ventral; E, dorsal; F, proximal views.Abbreviations:ep, extensor process; ff,flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pvp, posteroventral process; r, ridge; vl, ventral lip; vg, vascular groove. Scale bar equals 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824258" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824258/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The ungual blade shows a subtriangular outline in cross-section (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA1FFDF6B4616BC4F559BAE" box="[291,379,1209,1233]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[129,194,775,799]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,747]" captionTargetId="figure-717@24.[161,1441,144,747]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Manual ungual of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Incomplete left? manual ungual I? in: A, medial; B, lateral; C, distal; D, ventral; E, dorsal; F, proximal views.Abbreviations:ep, extensor process; ff,flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pvp, posteroventral process; r, ridge; vl, ventral lip; vg, vascular groove. Scale bar equals 1 cm." pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 13C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA1FFDF6B4616BC4F559BAE" box="[291,379,1209,1233]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[129,194,775,799]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,747]" captionTargetId="figure-717@24.[161,1441,144,747]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Manual ungual of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Incomplete left? manual ungual I? in: A, medial; B, lateral; C, distal; D, ventral; E, dorsal; F, proximal views.Abbreviations:ep, extensor process; ff,flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pvp, posteroventral process; r, ridge; vl, ventral lip; vg, vascular groove. Scale bar equals 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824258" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824258/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 13C</figureCitation>
|
||||
), being strongly laterally compressed and showing a flat ventral surface delimited by the medial and lateral ridges. The medial collateral vascular groove appears to be deeper than the lateral one, although this might be a preservation artefact. The ventral surface is poorly preserved (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA1FFDF68F317324CC19A30" box="[662,751,1335,1359]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[129,194,775,799]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,747]" captionTargetId="figure-717@24.[161,1441,144,747]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Manual ungual of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Incomplete left? manual ungual I? in: A, medial; B, lateral; C, distal; D, ventral; E, dorsal; F, proximal views.Abbreviations:ep, extensor process; ff,flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pvp, posteroventral process; r, ridge; vl, ventral lip; vg, vascular groove. Scale bar equals 1 cm." pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 13D</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA1FFDF68F317324CC19A30" box="[662,751,1335,1359]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[129,194,775,799]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,747]" captionTargetId="figure-717@24.[161,1441,144,747]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Manual ungual of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Incomplete left? manual ungual I? in: A, medial; B, lateral; C, distal; D, ventral; E, dorsal; F, proximal views.Abbreviations:ep, extensor process; ff,flexor fossa; mk, median keel; pvp, posteroventral process; r, ridge; vl, ventral lip; vg, vascular groove. Scale bar equals 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824258" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824258/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 13D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and lacks a flexor tubercle. Parts of the ridges are preserved and form the ‘V’ delimiting a prominent ventral fossa, as seen in the complete manual ungual. The proximal articular surfaces of both unguals are almost identical.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFA1FFDF6B1D17EE4FDA997A" blockId="25.[376,500,1515,1541]" box="[376,500,1515,1541]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||||
|
|
@ -1440,39 +1443,39 @@ The second right metatarsal (here abbreviated Mt) of
|
|||
<emphasis id="B942E43DFFA1FFDF68F414164CD49955" box="[657,762,1555,1578]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Noasaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is the only preserved element of the hind limb (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA1FFDF681514344C969936" box="[624,696,1585,1609]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[130,195,1602,1626]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,146,1575]" captionTargetId="figure-132@26.[161,1441,146,1575]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Metatarsal II (MtII) of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right MtII in: A, medial; B, anterior; C, lateral; D, posterior; E, proximal; F, distal views; with close-up on the G, medial and; H, lateral collateral pits in medial (G) and lateral (H) views. Abbreviations: cmtI?, possible contact for MtI; cmtIII, contact for MtIII; cp, collateral pit; dg, distal groove; ef, extensor fossa; gc, scar for m. gastrocnemius; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; ms, muscle scar; su, sulcus. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (bar on the top for E, F; bar on the bottom for G, H)." pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA1FFDF681514344C969936" box="[624,696,1585,1609]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[130,195,1602,1626]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,146,1575]" captionTargetId="figure-132@26.[161,1441,146,1575]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Metatarsal II (MtII) of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right MtII in: A, medial; B, anterior; C, lateral; D, posterior; E, proximal; F, distal views; with close-up on the G, medial and; H, lateral collateral pits in medial (G) and lateral (H) views. Abbreviations: cmtI?, possible contact for MtI; cmtIII, contact for MtIII; cp, collateral pit; dg, distal groove; ef, extensor fossa; gc, scar for m. gastrocnemius; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; ms, muscle scar; su, sulcus. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (bar on the top for E, F; bar on the bottom for G, H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824262/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||||
). It is a long, gracile, and particularly well-preserved bone with only some fractures over the diaphysis (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA1FFDF6BBA14754C7999F7" box="[479,599,1648,1672]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[130,195,1602,1626]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,146,1575]" captionTargetId="figure-132@26.[161,1441,146,1575]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Metatarsal II (MtII) of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right MtII in: A, medial; B, anterior; C, lateral; D, posterior; E, proximal; F, distal views; with close-up on the G, medial and; H, lateral collateral pits in medial (G) and lateral (H) views. Abbreviations: cmtI?, possible contact for MtI; cmtIII, contact for MtIII; cp, collateral pit; dg, distal groove; ef, extensor fossa; gc, scar for m. gastrocnemius; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; ms, muscle scar; su, sulcus. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (bar on the top for E, F; bar on the bottom for G, H)." pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 14A–D</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA1FFDF6BBA14754C7999F7" box="[479,599,1648,1672]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[130,195,1602,1626]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,146,1575]" captionTargetId="figure-132@26.[161,1441,146,1575]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Metatarsal II (MtII) of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right MtII in: A, medial; B, anterior; C, lateral; D, posterior; E, proximal; F, distal views; with close-up on the G, medial and; H, lateral collateral pits in medial (G) and lateral (H) views. Abbreviations: cmtI?, possible contact for MtI; cmtIII, contact for MtIII; cp, collateral pit; dg, distal groove; ef, extensor fossa; gc, scar for m. gastrocnemius; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; ms, muscle scar; su, sulcus. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (bar on the top for E, F; bar on the bottom for G, H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824262/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 14A–D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The proximal end of MtII is ovoidal and mediolaterally narrow (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA1FFDF68F7148A4CC799D8" box="[658,745,1679,1703]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[130,195,1602,1626]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,146,1575]" captionTargetId="figure-132@26.[161,1441,146,1575]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Metatarsal II (MtII) of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right MtII in: A, medial; B, anterior; C, lateral; D, posterior; E, proximal; F, distal views; with close-up on the G, medial and; H, lateral collateral pits in medial (G) and lateral (H) views. Abbreviations: cmtI?, possible contact for MtI; cmtIII, contact for MtIII; cp, collateral pit; dg, distal groove; ef, extensor fossa; gc, scar for m. gastrocnemius; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; ms, muscle scar; su, sulcus. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (bar on the top for E, F; bar on the bottom for G, H)." pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 14E</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA1FFDF68F7148A4CC799D8" box="[658,745,1679,1703]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[130,195,1602,1626]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,146,1575]" captionTargetId="figure-132@26.[161,1441,146,1575]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Metatarsal II (MtII) of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right MtII in: A, medial; B, anterior; C, lateral; D, posterior; E, proximal; F, distal views; with close-up on the G, medial and; H, lateral collateral pits in medial (G) and lateral (H) views. Abbreviations: cmtI?, possible contact for MtI; cmtIII, contact for MtIII; cp, collateral pit; dg, distal groove; ef, extensor fossa; gc, scar for m. gastrocnemius; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; ms, muscle scar; su, sulcus. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (bar on the top for E, F; bar on the bottom for G, H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824262/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 14E</figureCitation>
|
||||
), with a flat lateral surface for the contact with MtIII. The medial surface is convex and the posterior and anterior margins end in a rounded tip. A relatively small, flat facet is present on the proximolateral area of the shaft and may correspond to the attachment site for some pedal muscle. The metatarsal shaft, which is anteroposteriorly deep, becomes mediolaterally compressed over two-thirds of its length distal to the proximal end. The transverse section is D-shaped at two-thirds of the shaft due to the flat lateral facet that received MtIII and the convex lateral margin which extends distally. The distal one-third of MtII expands mediolaterally to form a slightly convex anterior surface, resulting in a subquadrangular transverse profile (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA1FFDF6F4912EB4B8D9E79" box="[1324,1443,238,262]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[130,195,1602,1626]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,146,1575]" captionTargetId="figure-132@26.[161,1441,146,1575]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Metatarsal II (MtII) of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right MtII in: A, medial; B, anterior; C, lateral; D, posterior; E, proximal; F, distal views; with close-up on the G, medial and; H, lateral collateral pits in medial (G) and lateral (H) views. Abbreviations: cmtI?, possible contact for MtI; cmtIII, contact for MtIII; cp, collateral pit; dg, distal groove; ef, extensor fossa; gc, scar for m. gastrocnemius; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; ms, muscle scar; su, sulcus. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (bar on the top for E, F; bar on the bottom for G, H)." pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 14A, C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA1FFDF6F4912EB4B8D9E79" box="[1324,1443,238,262]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[130,195,1602,1626]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,146,1575]" captionTargetId="figure-132@26.[161,1441,146,1575]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Metatarsal II (MtII) of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right MtII in: A, medial; B, anterior; C, lateral; D, posterior; E, proximal; F, distal views; with close-up on the G, medial and; H, lateral collateral pits in medial (G) and lateral (H) views. Abbreviations: cmtI?, possible contact for MtI; cmtIII, contact for MtIII; cp, collateral pit; dg, distal groove; ef, extensor fossa; gc, scar for m. gastrocnemius; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; ms, muscle scar; su, sulcus. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (bar on the top for E, F; bar on the bottom for G, H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824262/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 14A, C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). In medial/lateral views, a faint inflexion point with a very low angle (i.e. <5°) is seen shortly after the widening of the shaft (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA1FFDF6FE813284D5D9E1B" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[130,195,1602,1626]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,146,1575]" captionTargetId="figure-132@26.[161,1441,146,1575]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Metatarsal II (MtII) of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right MtII in: A, medial; B, anterior; C, lateral; D, posterior; E, proximal; F, distal views; with close-up on the G, medial and; H, lateral collateral pits in medial (G) and lateral (H) views. Abbreviations: cmtI?, possible contact for MtI; cmtIII, contact for MtIII; cp, collateral pit; dg, distal groove; ef, extensor fossa; gc, scar for m. gastrocnemius; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; ms, muscle scar; su, sulcus. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (bar on the top for E, F; bar on the bottom for G, H)." pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 14A, C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA1FFDF6FE813284D5D9E1B" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[130,195,1602,1626]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,146,1575]" captionTargetId="figure-132@26.[161,1441,146,1575]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Metatarsal II (MtII) of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right MtII in: A, medial; B, anterior; C, lateral; D, posterior; E, proximal; F, distal views; with close-up on the G, medial and; H, lateral collateral pits in medial (G) and lateral (H) views. Abbreviations: cmtI?, possible contact for MtI; cmtIII, contact for MtIII; cp, collateral pit; dg, distal groove; ef, extensor fossa; gc, scar for m. gastrocnemius; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; ms, muscle scar; su, sulcus. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (bar on the top for E, F; bar on the bottom for G, H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824262/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 14A, C</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFA1FFDF6920136E4AEA9C89" blockId="25.[809,1461,144,1358]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||||
The flat lateral surface of the shaft becomes slightly concave (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA1FFDF6950138E4DA59EDC" box="[821,907,395,419]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[130,195,1602,1626]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,146,1575]" captionTargetId="figure-132@26.[161,1441,146,1575]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Metatarsal II (MtII) of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right MtII in: A, medial; B, anterior; C, lateral; D, posterior; E, proximal; F, distal views; with close-up on the G, medial and; H, lateral collateral pits in medial (G) and lateral (H) views. Abbreviations: cmtI?, possible contact for MtI; cmtIII, contact for MtIII; cp, collateral pit; dg, distal groove; ef, extensor fossa; gc, scar for m. gastrocnemius; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; ms, muscle scar; su, sulcus. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (bar on the top for E, F; bar on the bottom for G, H)." pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 14C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA1FFDF6950138E4DA59EDC" box="[821,907,395,419]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[130,195,1602,1626]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,146,1575]" captionTargetId="figure-132@26.[161,1441,146,1575]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Metatarsal II (MtII) of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right MtII in: A, medial; B, anterior; C, lateral; D, posterior; E, proximal; F, distal views; with close-up on the G, medial and; H, lateral collateral pits in medial (G) and lateral (H) views. Abbreviations: cmtI?, possible contact for MtI; cmtIII, contact for MtIII; cp, collateral pit; dg, distal groove; ef, extensor fossa; gc, scar for m. gastrocnemius; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; ms, muscle scar; su, sulcus. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (bar on the top for E, F; bar on the bottom for G, H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824262/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 14C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) forming a wide groove towards the distal end, though it is unclear if this is a taphonomical artefact. A barely visible and subquadrangular hyperextensor fossa is present on the anterior surface of the distal end (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA1FFDF6E5713EC4AA99D7E" box="[1074,1159,489,513]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[130,195,1602,1626]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,146,1575]" captionTargetId="figure-132@26.[161,1441,146,1575]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Metatarsal II (MtII) of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right MtII in: A, medial; B, anterior; C, lateral; D, posterior; E, proximal; F, distal views; with close-up on the G, medial and; H, lateral collateral pits in medial (G) and lateral (H) views. Abbreviations: cmtI?, possible contact for MtI; cmtIII, contact for MtIII; cp, collateral pit; dg, distal groove; ef, extensor fossa; gc, scar for m. gastrocnemius; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; ms, muscle scar; su, sulcus. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (bar on the top for E, F; bar on the bottom for G, H)." pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 14B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA1FFDF6E5713EC4AA99D7E" box="[1074,1159,489,513]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[130,195,1602,1626]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,146,1575]" captionTargetId="figure-132@26.[161,1441,146,1575]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Metatarsal II (MtII) of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right MtII in: A, medial; B, anterior; C, lateral; D, posterior; E, proximal; F, distal views; with close-up on the G, medial and; H, lateral collateral pits in medial (G) and lateral (H) views. Abbreviations: cmtI?, possible contact for MtI; cmtIII, contact for MtIII; cp, collateral pit; dg, distal groove; ef, extensor fossa; gc, scar for m. gastrocnemius; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; ms, muscle scar; su, sulcus. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (bar on the top for E, F; bar on the bottom for G, H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824262/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 14B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The most conspicuous feature of the medial surface of MtII (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA1FFDF6EFF100D4ADC9D5F" box="[1178,1266,520,544]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[130,195,1602,1626]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,146,1575]" captionTargetId="figure-132@26.[161,1441,146,1575]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Metatarsal II (MtII) of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right MtII in: A, medial; B, anterior; C, lateral; D, posterior; E, proximal; F, distal views; with close-up on the G, medial and; H, lateral collateral pits in medial (G) and lateral (H) views. Abbreviations: cmtI?, possible contact for MtI; cmtIII, contact for MtIII; cp, collateral pit; dg, distal groove; ef, extensor fossa; gc, scar for m. gastrocnemius; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; ms, muscle scar; su, sulcus. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (bar on the top for E, F; bar on the bottom for G, H)." pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 14A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA1FFDF6EFF100D4ADC9D5F" box="[1178,1266,520,544]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[130,195,1602,1626]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,146,1575]" captionTargetId="figure-132@26.[161,1441,146,1575]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Metatarsal II (MtII) of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right MtII in: A, medial; B, anterior; C, lateral; D, posterior; E, proximal; F, distal views; with close-up on the G, medial and; H, lateral collateral pits in medial (G) and lateral (H) views. Abbreviations: cmtI?, possible contact for MtI; cmtIII, contact for MtIII; cp, collateral pit; dg, distal groove; ef, extensor fossa; gc, scar for m. gastrocnemius; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; ms, muscle scar; su, sulcus. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (bar on the top for E, F; bar on the bottom for G, H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824262/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 14A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) is a low elliptical bulge ornamented by small tubercles corresponding to a muscle attachment and where some of the short extensors of digit II (m. extensor digiti II?) probably originated. In posterior view, the mediolaterally compressed shaft is represented by a sharp edge expanding mediolaterally on the distal half (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA1FFDF6F4010A04B509DC2" box="[1317,1406,677,701]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[130,195,1602,1626]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,146,1575]" captionTargetId="figure-132@26.[161,1441,146,1575]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Metatarsal II (MtII) of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right MtII in: A, medial; B, anterior; C, lateral; D, posterior; E, proximal; F, distal views; with close-up on the G, medial and; H, lateral collateral pits in medial (G) and lateral (H) views. Abbreviations: cmtI?, possible contact for MtI; cmtIII, contact for MtIII; cp, collateral pit; dg, distal groove; ef, extensor fossa; gc, scar for m. gastrocnemius; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; ms, muscle scar; su, sulcus. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (bar on the top for E, F; bar on the bottom for G, H)." pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 14D</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA1FFDF6F4010A04B509DC2" box="[1317,1406,677,701]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[130,195,1602,1626]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,146,1575]" captionTargetId="figure-132@26.[161,1441,146,1575]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Metatarsal II (MtII) of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right MtII in: A, medial; B, anterior; C, lateral; D, posterior; E, proximal; F, distal views; with close-up on the G, medial and; H, lateral collateral pits in medial (G) and lateral (H) views. Abbreviations: cmtI?, possible contact for MtI; cmtIII, contact for MtIII; cp, collateral pit; dg, distal groove; ef, extensor fossa; gc, scar for m. gastrocnemius; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; ms, muscle scar; su, sulcus. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (bar on the top for E, F; bar on the bottom for G, H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824262/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 14D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). An elongate and faintly sculptured muscle scar, which probably represents one of the insertions of the mm. gastrocnemii, is present at the midlength of MtII (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA745DEFFA1FFDF6E2011064BA69C64" author="Carrano MT & Hutchinson JR" box="[1093,1416,771,795]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="207 - 28" refId="ref41755" refString="Carrano MT, Hutchinson JR. Pelvic and hindlimb musculature of Tyrannosaurus rex (Dinosauria: Theropoda). Journal of Morphology 2002; 253: 207 - 28. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 10018" type="journal article" year="2002">Carrano and Hutchinson 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). A few muscle striations are similarly present on the posterior surface of the distal half, proximal to the ginglymus. Both collateral pits [‘ligamentous fossae’ in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA745DEFFA1FFDF6E3411644BAD9C06" author="Bonaparte JF & Powell JE" box="[1105,1411,865,889]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="19 - 28" refId="ref40849" refString="Bonaparte JF, Powell JE. A continental assemblage of tetrapods from the Upper Cretaceous beds of El Brete, northwestern Argentina (Sauropoda-Coelurosauria-Carnosauria-Aves). Memoires de la Societe Geologique de France, Nouvelle Serie 1980; 139: 19 - 28." type="journal article" year="1980">Bonaparte and Powell (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
] are subcircular and subequal in size. While the medial collateral pit is shallow (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA1FFDF69FE119A4DDD9CC8" box="[923,1011,927,951]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[130,195,1602,1626]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,146,1575]" captionTargetId="figure-132@26.[161,1441,146,1575]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Metatarsal II (MtII) of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right MtII in: A, medial; B, anterior; C, lateral; D, posterior; E, proximal; F, distal views; with close-up on the G, medial and; H, lateral collateral pits in medial (G) and lateral (H) views. Abbreviations: cmtI?, possible contact for MtI; cmtIII, contact for MtIII; cp, collateral pit; dg, distal groove; ef, extensor fossa; gc, scar for m. gastrocnemius; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; ms, muscle scar; su, sulcus. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (bar on the top for E, F; bar on the bottom for G, H)." pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 14G</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA1FFDF69FE119A4DDD9CC8" box="[923,1011,927,951]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[130,195,1602,1626]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,146,1575]" captionTargetId="figure-132@26.[161,1441,146,1575]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Metatarsal II (MtII) of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right MtII in: A, medial; B, anterior; C, lateral; D, posterior; E, proximal; F, distal views; with close-up on the G, medial and; H, lateral collateral pits in medial (G) and lateral (H) views. Abbreviations: cmtI?, possible contact for MtI; cmtIII, contact for MtIII; cp, collateral pit; dg, distal groove; ef, extensor fossa; gc, scar for m. gastrocnemius; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; ms, muscle scar; su, sulcus. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (bar on the top for E, F; bar on the bottom for G, H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824262/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 14G</figureCitation>
|
||||
), the lateral pit is deep and contained within a proximodistally large fossa that is continuous with the ‘groove’ formed by the lateral surface (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA1FFDF6E3F11DB4A9D9C89" box="[1114,1203,990,1014]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[130,195,1602,1626]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,146,1575]" captionTargetId="figure-132@26.[161,1441,146,1575]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Metatarsal II (MtII) of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right MtII in: A, medial; B, anterior; C, lateral; D, posterior; E, proximal; F, distal views; with close-up on the G, medial and; H, lateral collateral pits in medial (G) and lateral (H) views. Abbreviations: cmtI?, possible contact for MtI; cmtIII, contact for MtIII; cp, collateral pit; dg, distal groove; ef, extensor fossa; gc, scar for m. gastrocnemius; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; ms, muscle scar; su, sulcus. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (bar on the top for E, F; bar on the bottom for G, H)." pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 14H</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA1FFDF6E3F11DB4A9D9C89" box="[1114,1203,990,1014]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[130,195,1602,1626]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,146,1575]" captionTargetId="figure-132@26.[161,1441,146,1575]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Metatarsal II (MtII) of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right MtII in: A, medial; B, anterior; C, lateral; D, posterior; E, proximal; F, distal views; with close-up on the G, medial and; H, lateral collateral pits in medial (G) and lateral (H) views. Abbreviations: cmtI?, possible contact for MtI; cmtIII, contact for MtIII; cp, collateral pit; dg, distal groove; ef, extensor fossa; gc, scar for m. gastrocnemius; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; ms, muscle scar; su, sulcus. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (bar on the top for E, F; bar on the bottom for G, H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824262/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 14H</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B89382FFFA1FFDF692011F84D7E9A31" blockId="25.[809,1461,144,1358]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||||
The distal end of the metatarsal has a roughly quadrangular shape, being only slightly longer anteroposteriorly than mediolaterally (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA1FFDF69B716394A059B2B" box="[978,1067,1084,1108]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[130,195,1602,1626]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,146,1575]" captionTargetId="figure-132@26.[161,1441,146,1575]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Metatarsal II (MtII) of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right MtII in: A, medial; B, anterior; C, lateral; D, posterior; E, proximal; F, distal views; with close-up on the G, medial and; H, lateral collateral pits in medial (G) and lateral (H) views. Abbreviations: cmtI?, possible contact for MtI; cmtIII, contact for MtIII; cp, collateral pit; dg, distal groove; ef, extensor fossa; gc, scar for m. gastrocnemius; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; ms, muscle scar; su, sulcus. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (bar on the top for E, F; bar on the bottom for G, H)." pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 14F</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="130D24AAFFA1FFDF69B716394A059B2B" box="[978,1067,1084,1108]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="26.[130,195,1602,1626]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,146,1575]" captionTargetId="figure-132@26.[161,1441,146,1575]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 14. Metatarsal II (MtII) of Noasaurus leali (PVL 4061). Right MtII in: A, medial; B, anterior; C, lateral; D, posterior; E, proximal; F, distal views; with close-up on the G, medial and; H, lateral collateral pits in medial (G) and lateral (H) views. Abbreviations: cmtI?, possible contact for MtI; cmtIII, contact for MtIII; cp, collateral pit; dg, distal groove; ef, extensor fossa; gc, scar for m. gastrocnemius; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; ms, muscle scar; su, sulcus. Scale bars equal 2 cm (A–D) and 1 cm (bar on the top for E, F; bar on the bottom for G, H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14824262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14824262/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 14F</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The ginglymus is well defined on the plantar aspect and both condyles are well-developed posteriorly. They are, however, strongly asymmetrical, with the lateral condyle being lateromedially buttressed and more posteriorly projected than the small and blunt medial condyle. The deep U-shaped sulcus that separates both condyles is relatively shallow and more developed medially. This sulcus probably corresponds to the passage of the main flexor muscles of the second toe.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in a new issue