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<document ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4366012" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d11bedcf-0da7-4048-96dd-d074afdfa9ce" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164011314" ID-ISBN="978-0-9506207-7-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4366012" checkinTime="1588973603461" checkinUser="admin" docAuthor="Jarvis, Charlie" docDate="2007" docId="8DEB313954FB662840169F44D88363E4" docLanguage="en" docName="ch7.gg.M.xml" docOrigin="Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London: Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum" docTitle="Pogostemon auricularius Hassk." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="665" masterDocId="E3A2C49F1590381FDBC299C2A2FCFD14" masterDocTitle="Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part M)" masterLastPageNumber="689" masterPageNumber="651" pageNumber="665" updateTime="1642017197922" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part M)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Jarvis, Charlie</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, UK</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:originInfo>
<mods:dateIssued>2007</mods:dateIssued>
<mods:publisher>Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum</mods:publisher>
<mods:place>
<mods:placeTerm>London</mods:placeTerm>
</mods:place>
</mods:originInfo>
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>651</mods:start>
<mods:end>689</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.291971</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-0-9506207-7-0</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">291971</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4366012" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164011314" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4366012" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8DEB313954FB662840169F44D88363E4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8DEB313954FB662840169F44D88363E4" lastPageNumber="665" pageNumber="665">
<subSubSection pageNumber="665" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageNumber="665">
<bibCitation author="Linnaeus" pagination="391" title="Mentha auricularia" volumeTitle="Systema Naturae, ed. 12, 2" year="1767">
<treatmentCitation author="Linnaeus" pageNumber="391" year="1767">
<taxonomicName authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1767" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Mentha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="auricularia">
<emphasis bold="true" pageNumber="665">Mentha auricularia</emphasis>
Linnaeus
</taxonomicName>
,
<volumeTitle>
<emphasis italics="true" pageNumber="665">Systema Naturae</emphasis>
, ed. 12, 2
</volumeTitle>
: 391;
<emphasis italics="true" pageNumber="665">
<volumeTitle>Mantissa Plantarum</volumeTitle>
</emphasis>
: 81. 1767
</treatmentCitation>
</bibCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageNumber="665" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageNumber="665">&quot;Habitat in Indiae aquosis.&quot; RCN: 4198.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageNumber="665" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageNumber="665">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2611895508" collectionCode="BM" specimenCode="BM-000594741" typeStatus="lectotype">
<typeStatus>Lectotype</typeStatus>
(Tucker &amp; al. in
<emphasis italics="true" pageNumber="665">Taxon</emphasis>
29: 238, f. 15. 1980): Herb. Hermann 4: 42, No. 411 (BM-000594741)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageNumber="665" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageNumber="665">
Current name:
<taxonomicName authority="(L.) Hassk." authorityName="Hassk." baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1767" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Pogostemon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="auricularius">
<emphasis italics="true" pageNumber="665">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageNumber="665">Pogostemon auricularius</emphasis>
</emphasis>
(L.) Hassk.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lamiaceae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.22501" ID-GBIF-Dataset="989c4297-a2db-4af2-89c4-b5e0a54cc49f" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182236673" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-0743-1-95" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FF9C1C66B6205CC0BB58494613FDF1CA" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1222595" ID-ZooBank="583BCCD1F6E1492AA0CE5E1DB5114477" ModsDocID="1860-0743-94-1-95" checkinTime="1621423497568" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Moghaddam, Mostafa Ghafouri &amp; Turrisi, Giuseppe Fabrizio" docDate="2018" docId="8DEB8154717E5AB22E34A2D49988A5FE" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoosystEvol 94(1): 95-108" docOrigin="Zoosystematics and Evolution 94 (1)" docPubDate="2018-02-02" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.22501" docTitle="Pristaulacus compressus **" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="FF9C1C66B6205CC0BB58494613FDF1CA" lastPageNumber="100" masterDocId="FF9C1C66B6205CC0BB58494613FDF1CA" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic and faunistic study of Aulacidae (Hymenoptera, Evanioidea) from Iran, with illustrated key to species" masterLastPageNumber="108" masterPageNumber="95" pageId="5" pageNumber="100" updateTime="1643465403466" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Taxonomic and faunistic study of Aulacidae (Hymenoptera, Evanioidea) from Iran, with illustrated key to species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Moghaddam, Mostafa Ghafouri</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1942-9689</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, P. O. Box: 98615 - 538, I. R. IRAN</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">msc.ghafouri@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Turrisi, Giuseppe Fabrizio</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Via Cristoforo Colombo 8, 95030, Pedara, Catania, Italy</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Zoosystematics and Evolution</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2018-02-02</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>94</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>95</mods:start>
<mods:end>108</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.22501</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.22501</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1860-0743-1-95</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">583BCCD1F6E1492AA0CE5E1DB5114477</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FF9C1C66B6205CC0BB58494613FDF1CA</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1222595</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182236673" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8DEB8154717E5AB22E34A2D49988A5FE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8DEB8154717E5AB22E34A2D49988A5FE" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="5" pageNumber="100">
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="100" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="100">
<taxonomicName authority="(Spinola, 1808) **" authorityName="**" baseAuthorityName="Spinola" baseAuthorityYear="1808" class="Insecta" family="Aulacidae" genus="Pristaulacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristaulacus compressus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="compressus">Pristaulacus compressus (Spinola, 1808) **</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Pristaulacus compressus Spinola 1808. female (Iran): A face, frontal view; B head, dorsal view; C head, lateral view; D mesosoma, lateral view; E mesosoma, dorsal view; F petiole and metasoma, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.94.22501.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/183193" pageId="5" pageNumber="100">Figs 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Pristaulacus compressus Spinola 1808. female (Iran): A fore and hind wing; B petiole and metasoma, lateral view; C hind coxa, lateral view; D hind claw, ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.94.22501.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/183194" pageId="5" pageNumber="100">, 3</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Pristaulacus compressus Spinola 1808. female (Iran): lateral habitus." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.94.22501.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/183195" pageId="5" pageNumber="100">, 4</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="100" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="100">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Spinola" authorityYear="1808" class="Insecta" family="Aulacidae" genus="Aulacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aulacus compressus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="compressus">Aulacus compressus</taxonomicName>
Spinola, 1808: 48, Holotype ♂. - Italy, Liguria, Habitat in montibus Orerii (MCSN).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="100" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="100">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="100">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2016-06-20" collectingMethod="Malaise trap" collectorName="M. Zardouei Heidari" country="Iran" elevation="1155" latitude="35.016666" location="Dudan" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="46.192223" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Kermanshah province">
<specimenCount type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
, DPPZ.
<collectingCountry name="Iran">Iran</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion country="Iran" name="Kermanshah">Kermanshah province</collectingRegion>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8DEB8154717E5AB22E34A2D49988A5FE:231D68F60AFDB7AE60E5985368F0EBCC" country="Iran" latitude="35.016666" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="46.192223" name="Dudan" stateProvince="Kermanshah province">Dudan</location>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="35" direction="north" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="00" value="35.016666">35°01′00″N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="46" direction="east" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="32" value="46.192223">46°11′32″E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.155" unit="m" value="1155.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.155" unit="m" value="1155.0">1155m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectingDate value="2016-06-20">20.VI.2016</collectingDate>
,
<collectingMethod>Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
no. 2 mounted in orchard, leg.:
<collectorName>M. Zardouei Heidari</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2016-07-05" collectingMethod="Malaise trap" collectorName="M. Zardouei Heidari." country="Iran" elevation="1568" latitude="34.271915" location="Harsin" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="47.604618" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Kermanshah province">
<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, DPPZ.
<collectingCountry name="Iran">Iran</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion country="Iran" name="Kermanshah">Kermanshah province</collectingRegion>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8DEB8154717E5AB22E34A2D49988A5FE:A54DAE31E622AD04C95DCD24D65BBA9C" country="Iran" latitude="34.271915" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="47.604618" name="Harsin" stateProvince="Kermanshah province">Harsin</location>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="34" direction="north" minutes="16" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="18.89" value="34.271915">
34°16
<normalizedToken originalValue="’18.89”">'18.89&quot;</normalizedToken>
N
</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="47" direction="east" minutes="36" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="16.63" value="47.604618">
47°36
<normalizedToken originalValue="’16.63”">'16.63&quot;</normalizedToken>
E
</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.568" unit="m" value="1568.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.568" unit="m" value="1568.0">1568 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectingDate value="2016-07-05">05.VII.2016</collectingDate>
,
<collectingMethod>Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
no. 1 mounted in orchard, leg.:
<collectorName>M. Zardouei Heidari.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="100" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="100">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="100">
Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Lebanon, Morocco, Poland, Romania, Russia (western territories), Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine and former Yugoslavia (
<bibRefCitation author="Madl, M" journalOrPublisher="Nachrichtenblatt der Bayerischen Entomologen" pageId="11" pageNumber="106" pagination="114 - 116" refId="B25" refString="Madl, M, 1990. Ueber Aulacidae vom Iran (Hymenoptera, Evanioidea). Nachrichtenblatt der Bayerischen Entomologen 39 (4): 114 - 116" title="Ueber Aulacidae vom Iran (Hymenoptera, Evanioidea)." volume="39" year="1990">Madl 1990</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Turrisi, GF" journalOrPublisher="Zoota xa" pageId="11" pageNumber="106" pagination="1 - 76" refId="B35" refString="Turrisi, GF, 2007. Revision of the Palaearctic species of Pristaulacus Kieffer, 1900 (Hymenoptera: Aulacidae). Zoota xa 1433: 1 - 76" title="Revision of the Palaearctic species of Pristaulacus Kieffer, 1900 (Hymenoptera: Aulacidae)." volume="1433" year="2007">Turrisi 2007</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1163/187631211X545132" author="Turrisi, GF" journalOrPublisher="Insect Systematics &amp; Evolution" pageId="11" pageNumber="106" pagination="1 - 27" refId="B36" refString="Turrisi, GF, 2011. Systematic revision of the sibling species belonging to the Pristaulacus compressus group (Hymenoptera: Aulacidae). Insect Systematics &amp; Evolution 42: 1 - 27, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/187631211X545132" title="Systematic revision of the sibling species belonging to the Pristaulacus compressus group (Hymenoptera: Aulacidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1163/187631211X545132" volume="42" year="2011">2011</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Turrisi, GF" journalOrPublisher="Entomologia Hellenica" pageId="11" pageNumber="106" pagination="1 - 9" refId="B37" refString="Turrisi, GF, 2013a. Review of Aulacidae (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea) from Greece and Cyprus with new records. Entomologia Hellenica 22: 1 - 9" title="Review of Aulacidae (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea) from Greece and Cyprus with new records." volume="22" year="2013 a">2013a</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="100" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="100">Distribution in Iran.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="100">
Shiraz (
<bibRefCitation author="Madl, M" journalOrPublisher="Nachrichtenblatt der Bayerischen Entomologen" pageId="11" pageNumber="106" pagination="114 - 116" refId="B25" refString="Madl, M, 1990. Ueber Aulacidae vom Iran (Hymenoptera, Evanioidea). Nachrichtenblatt der Bayerischen Entomologen 39 (4): 114 - 116" title="Ueber Aulacidae vom Iran (Hymenoptera, Evanioidea)." volume="39" year="1990">Madl 1990</bibRefCitation>
: 114, MNHN), East-Azarbaijan (
<bibRefCitation author="Lotfalizadeh, H" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics" pageId="11" pageNumber="106" pagination="141 - 151" refId="B24" refString="Lotfalizadeh, H, Masudi-Rad, S, Mehrvar, A, 2017. Review of the superfamily Evanioidea (Hymenoptera) in Iran with four new records. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 3 (2): 141 - 151" title="Review of the superfamily Evanioidea (Hymenoptera) in Iran with four new records." volume="3" year="2017">Lotfalizadeh et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
: DU), and Kermanshah province (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="100">new record</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="100" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="100">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="100">
It is a medium sized species with a body length of 8.8-14.2 mm (excluding ovipositor), fore wing length 6.6-9.5 mm. It is readily distinguished by having a wide occipital carina (width equal to ocellus diameter), a pair of tooth-like processes on each latero-ventral margin of pronotum, reddish-orange hind tarsus, and ovipositor length 1.1-1.3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
fore wing length.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1226104" doi="10.3897/zse.94.22501.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/183193" pageId="5" pageNumber="100" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="100">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="100">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="**" baseAuthorityName="Spinola" baseAuthorityYear="1808" class="Insecta" family="Aulacidae" genus="Pristaulacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristaulacus compressus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="compressus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="100">Pristaulacus compressus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Spinola, M" journalOrPublisher="Revue Francaise d'Entomologie" pageId="11" pageNumber="106" refId="B33" refString="Spinola, M, 1808. Insectorum Liguriae Species Novae aut Rariores quas in Agro Ligustico Nuper Detexit, Descripsit, et Iconibus Illustravit. Genuae, 262 pp." title="Insectorum Liguriae Species Novae aut Rariores quas in Agro Ligustico Nuper Detexit, Descripsit, et Iconibus Illustravit. Genuae, 262 pp." year="1808">Spinola 1808</bibRefCitation>
. female (Iran):
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="100">A</emphasis>
face, frontal view;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="100">B</emphasis>
head, dorsal view;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="100">C</emphasis>
head, lateral view;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="100">D</emphasis>
mesosoma, lateral view;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="100">E</emphasis>
mesosoma, dorsal view;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="100">F</emphasis>
petiole and metasoma, dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1226106" doi="10.3897/zse.94.22501.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/183194" pageId="5" pageNumber="100" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="100">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="100">Figure 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="**" baseAuthorityName="Spinola" baseAuthorityYear="1808" class="Insecta" family="Aulacidae" genus="Pristaulacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristaulacus compressus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="compressus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="100">Pristaulacus compressus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Spinola, M" journalOrPublisher="Revue Francaise d'Entomologie" pageId="11" pageNumber="106" refId="B33" refString="Spinola, M, 1808. Insectorum Liguriae Species Novae aut Rariores quas in Agro Ligustico Nuper Detexit, Descripsit, et Iconibus Illustravit. Genuae, 262 pp." title="Insectorum Liguriae Species Novae aut Rariores quas in Agro Ligustico Nuper Detexit, Descripsit, et Iconibus Illustravit. Genuae, 262 pp." year="1808">Spinola 1808</bibRefCitation>
. female (Iran):
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="100">A</emphasis>
fore and hind wing;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="100">B</emphasis>
petiole and metasoma, lateral view;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="100">C</emphasis>
hind coxa, lateral view;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="100">D</emphasis>
hind claw, ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1226108" doi="10.3897/zse.94.22501.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/183195" pageId="5" pageNumber="100" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="100">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="100">Figure 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="**" baseAuthorityName="Spinola" baseAuthorityYear="1808" class="Insecta" family="Aulacidae" genus="Pristaulacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristaulacus compressus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="compressus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="100">Pristaulacus compressus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Spinola, M" journalOrPublisher="Revue Francaise d'Entomologie" pageId="11" pageNumber="106" refId="B33" refString="Spinola, M, 1808. Insectorum Liguriae Species Novae aut Rariores quas in Agro Ligustico Nuper Detexit, Descripsit, et Iconibus Illustravit. Genuae, 262 pp." title="Insectorum Liguriae Species Novae aut Rariores quas in Agro Ligustico Nuper Detexit, Descripsit, et Iconibus Illustravit. Genuae, 262 pp." year="1808">Spinola 1808</bibRefCitation>
. female (Iran): lateral habitus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="100" type="morphometric ratios">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="100">Morphometric ratios.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="100">CIOL/ClL: 1.10; ClL/ClW: 3.33; ClW/OML: 0.69; CoL/CoW: 2.61; EL/EW: 2.42; EL/OML: 2.90; EW/OOCL: 0.40; EW/OTL: 1.21; FWL/FWW: 3.10; HL/ClL: 4.04; HL/TL: 2.07; HW/EW: 9.48; HW/HL: 1.21; IOL/CIOL: 1.36; IOL/EW: 2.91; IOL/HW: 0.30; IOL/OML: 3.48; MsL/MsW: 2.18; MtL/MtW: 2.57; PEL/PEW: 1.90; PL/PW: 0.67; POL/OD: 1.46; POL/OOL: 1.00; SL/SW: 2.89; TL/EL: 1.55.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="100" type="host">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="100">Hosts.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="100">
This species was reared from
<taxonomicName authorityName="Holzschuh" authorityYear="1974" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Chlorophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlorophorus adelii" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adelii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="100">Chlorophorus adelii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Holzschuh, 1974 (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chevrolat, 1863" authorityYear="1863" class="Insecta" genus="Chlorophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cerambycidae</taxonomicName>
) in tree oak,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Quercus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="100">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<bibRefCitation author="Madl, M" journalOrPublisher="Nachrichtenblatt der Bayerischen Entomologen" pageId="11" pageNumber="106" pagination="114 - 116" refId="B25" refString="Madl, M, 1990. Ueber Aulacidae vom Iran (Hymenoptera, Evanioidea). Nachrichtenblatt der Bayerischen Entomologen 39 (4): 114 - 116" title="Ueber Aulacidae vom Iran (Hymenoptera, Evanioidea)." volume="39" year="1990">Madl 1990</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Wall, I" journalOrPublisher="Entomofauna" pageId="11" pageNumber="106" pagination="137 - 184" refId="B44" refString="Wall, I, 1994. Seltene Hymenopteren aus Mittel-, West-und Sudeuropa (Hymenoptera Apocrita: Stephanoidea, Evanioidea, Trigonalyoidea). Entomofauna 15 (14): 137 - 184" title="Seltene Hymenopteren aus Mittel-, West-und Sudeuropa (Hymenoptera Apocrita: Stephanoidea, Evanioidea, Trigonalyoidea)." volume="15" year="1994">Wall 1994</bibRefCitation>
). The reared beetle is polyphagous on deciduous trees and is endemic to Iran (
<bibRefCitation author="Holzschuh, C" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers in Entomology" pageId="10" pageNumber="105" refId="B15" refString="Holzschuh, C, 1974. Neue bockkaefer aus Pakistan, Iran, Anatolien und Mazedonien (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Oesterreichischer Entomologen 25(3/4): 81-100. [In German]" title="Neue bockkaefer aus Pakistan, Iran, Anatolien und Mazedonien (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Oesterreichischer Entomologen 25 (3 / 4): 81 - 100. [In German]" year="1974">Holzschuh 1974</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="100" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="100">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="100">
The distribution of this species covers mainly the European area (see
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1163/187631211X545132" author="Turrisi, GF" journalOrPublisher="Insect Systematics &amp; Evolution" pageId="11" pageNumber="106" pagination="1 - 27" refId="B36" refString="Turrisi, GF, 2011. Systematic revision of the sibling species belonging to the Pristaulacus compressus group (Hymenoptera: Aulacidae). Insect Systematics &amp; Evolution 42: 1 - 27, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/187631211X545132" title="Systematic revision of the sibling species belonging to the Pristaulacus compressus group (Hymenoptera: Aulacidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1163/187631211X545132" volume="42" year="2011">Turrisi 2011</bibRefCitation>
). It shows some intraspecific variation in colour and sculpture of some parts of the body (
<bibRefCitation author="Turrisi, GF" journalOrPublisher="Zoota xa" pageId="11" pageNumber="106" pagination="1 - 76" refId="B35" refString="Turrisi, GF, 2007. Revision of the Palaearctic species of Pristaulacus Kieffer, 1900 (Hymenoptera: Aulacidae). Zoota xa 1433: 1 - 76" title="Revision of the Palaearctic species of Pristaulacus Kieffer, 1900 (Hymenoptera: Aulacidae)." volume="1433" year="2007">Turrisi 2007</bibRefCitation>
). The most similar species is
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. lindae" pageId="5" pageNumber="100" rank="species" species="lindae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="100">P. lindae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Turrisi, 2000, having hind tarsi blackish brown, metasoma more extensively red orange, different shape of mesosoma, sculpture of prescutum carinulate rugulose, a longer petiole and ovipositor (see
<bibRefCitation author="Turrisi, GF" journalOrPublisher="Zoota xa" pageId="11" pageNumber="106" pagination="1 - 76" refId="B35" refString="Turrisi, GF, 2007. Revision of the Palaearctic species of Pristaulacus Kieffer, 1900 (Hymenoptera: Aulacidae). Zoota xa 1433: 1 - 76" title="Revision of the Palaearctic species of Pristaulacus Kieffer, 1900 (Hymenoptera: Aulacidae)." volume="1433" year="2007">Turrisi (2007</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1163/187631211X545132" author="Turrisi, GF" journalOrPublisher="Insect Systematics &amp; Evolution" pageId="11" pageNumber="106" pagination="1 - 27" refId="B36" refString="Turrisi, GF, 2011. Systematic revision of the sibling species belonging to the Pristaulacus compressus group (Hymenoptera: Aulacidae). Insect Systematics &amp; Evolution 42: 1 - 27, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/187631211X545132" title="Systematic revision of the sibling species belonging to the Pristaulacus compressus group (Hymenoptera: Aulacidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1163/187631211X545132" volume="42" year="2011">2011</bibRefCitation>
for more details). The head bears a coarser punctuation than European specimens of
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. compressus" pageId="5" pageNumber="100" rank="species" species="compressus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="100">P. compressus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. lindae" pageId="5" pageNumber="100" rank="species" species="lindae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="100">P. lindae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but less so than the other two similar species
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. samai" pageId="5" pageNumber="100" rank="species" species="samai">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="100">P. samai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Turrisi, 2011 and
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. rapuzzii" pageId="5" pageNumber="100" rank="species" species="rapuzzii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="100">P. rapuzzii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Turrisi, 2011.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="118">Taxon classification Animalia Diptera Dolichopodidae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="118" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="118">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/2C4A491C-2092-404D-B9E6-DEDB36EE233B" authority="Runyon &amp; Hurley" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Liancalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liancalus pterodactyl" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pterodactyl">Liancalus pterodactyl Runyon &amp; Hurley</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="21" pageNumber="118">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 1, 2D, 3A, 4A, 7, 11A, 13, 16A
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="119" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="119">
<pageBreakToken pageId="22" pageNumber="119" start="start">Diagnosis</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="119">
Males are most similar to
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Liancalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liancalus hydrophilus" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hydrophilus">Liancalus hydrophilus</taxonomicName>
but have a longer, more slender setae-bearing lobe on posteroapical wing margin (Figs 4, 7). Cerci of male
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Liancalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liancalus pterodactyl" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pterodactyl">Liancalus pterodactyl</taxonomicName>
have long setae confined mostly to apical half (Fig. 2D), whereas
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Liancalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liancalus hydrophilus" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hydrophilus">Liancalus hydrophilus</taxonomicName>
has long, evenly-spaced setae along the full-length of the cerci (Fig. 8). Females are distinguished by the dorsal one-quarter or more postcranial hairs dark brown to black (other Nearctic species have at most a few dark hairs).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="120" pageId="22" pageNumber="119" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="119">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="119">Male. Body length 9.0-12.0 mm, wing length 7.5-8.5 mm. Head: Face nearly parallel-sided on dorsal half, widening toward clypeus; frontoclypeal suture near mid-face, distinct; eyes with short hairs between facets; face green-bronze (more green immediately below antenna) with silver pollen most noticeable along eyes and on ventral half of face; ommatidia essentially the same size throughout. Vertex concolorous with face, usually with dense silver pollen. Vertical setae on small elevation; ocellar tubercle prominent with 2 large setae (subequal in size to vertical setae); with 2 postocellar setae which are two-thirds length ocellar setae; postocular setae approximately half length of vertical setae with dorsal two-thirds of postocular setae black (approximately 20 black setae), ventral third (approximately 10 setae) white and more slender and slightly longer than other postocular setae. Ventral postcranial hairs (beard) abundant, white with dorsal third to one-quarter black. Palpus black, covered with silver pollen and sparse black hairs. Antenna (Fig. 1) black, first flagellomere about as long as wide, rounded apically, arista inserted near midpoint of dorsal edge.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="119">Thorax: Scutum blue-green with bronze stripes between acrostichal setae and dorsocentral setae, and along intra-alar setae; scutellum and posterior slope of scutum blue-green, posterior slope of scutum sometimes with bronze medially; notopleuron and postpronotum (humerus) covered with dense silver pollen, usually with some blue-green reflections; usually 6-10 dorsocentral setae; 8-14 long acrostichal setae (≥ 2/3 length of dorsocentral setae), in a single row; 2 notopleural setae; postpronotum with 1-2 strong setae and often a few smaller hairs or setae; 2 presutural intra-alar setae; 1 presutural and 2 postsutural supra-alar setae; 1 postalar seta; scutellum blue-green with 8 (rarely 9) large marginal setae (4 per side), no additional hairs; proepisternum with 1 dorsal and 1 ventral tuft of white hairs. Pleura metallic green-bronze, covered with dense silver-gray pollen, without setae or hairs (Fig. 1).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="120">
<pageBreakToken pageId="23" pageNumber="120" start="start">Legs</pageBreakToken>
: Legs concolorous with pleura. Coxa I (Fig. 1) uniformly covered with white, slender hairs on anterior surface (length of hairs subequal to width of coxa I), with a few black, slender setae at apex. Coxa II with white hairs anteriorly, a couple black setae near apex, and a black ad seta just beyond 1/2. Coxa III with scattered white hairs and a black dorsal seta near 1/2. Femur I with sparse white hairs on ventral surface (length ≤ width of femur). Femur II with row of short (≤ width of femur) posterior to pv setae on distal half, those near middle of femur white, longest and becoming black and shorter apically; with a row of very short black ad setae preceding usual preapical seta. Femur III with scattered white hairs (length ≤ width of femur) on dorsal and posterior surface at base. Tarsus I(2) short (length subequal to width), slightly thickened, with ventral brush of setulae (Fig. 3A). Ratios of tibia:tarsomeres for leg I: 18-7-2-5-3-2; for leg II: 26-22-7-4-2-2; for leg III: 38-17-13-4-2-2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="120">
Wing (Figs 4A, 7): Hyaline, with light brown clouding between R2+3 and R4+5 apically, most distinct along veins; with a longitudinal spurious vein immediately above M1 that ends near junction of M1 with dm-cu; apical part of membrane between R4+5 and M1 with a narrow, translucent area that is white in certain lights and enclosed within a small, brown cloud (Fig. 7). Fourth costal sector (between R4+5 and M1) flattened with a cluster of 3-4 long, black setae at apex of M1 that are usually fused apically; wing margin between M1 and CuA1 with a long (length&gt; 3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
width), slender, finger-like projection bearing several black setae at apex. Calypter yellow with a fan of long, pale yellow setae at apex. Halter pale yellow (Fig. 1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="120">Abdomen: Cylindrical, elongate (Fig. 2D); T1 metallic blue-green, covered with dense silver pollen. T2-T4 mostly metallic blue-green with silver pollen, with apical one-third bronze, usually bronze dorsally at base. T5 dark bronze with metallic green dorsally and sparse silver pollen. T6 dark metallic blue-green with sparse to moderate silver pollen. T1-T3 with long, white hair laterally, longest on T1 and T2. Sternites bronze with sparse silver-gray pollen. S1 bare except for lateral tuft of white hairs at extreme base. S2 and S3 with sparse long, white hairs. S4 mostly bare. Hypopygium (Fig. 11A): cerci as long or longer then abdomen, slender, cylindrical, with pale yellow setae on ventral surface that are most dense and longest on apical half (Fig. 2D).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="120">Female. Body length 7.5-9.0 mm, wing length 7.0-7.5 mm. Similar to male except for face wider; palpus covered with golden brown pollen, with denser, black setae. Femur I with pd row of black setae/hairs and relatively long (subequal to width of femur), white hairs on ventral and posterior surface. Femur II with pale hair on posterior surface extending nearly to base; tarsus I(2) normal, not unusually short or thickened. Wing (Fig. 16A) hyaline, of normal shape; with diffuse brown clouding immediately above M1 before junction with dm-cu, this clouding often continuing posteriorly into cell bm+dm.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="120" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="120">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="120">The epithet, a noun in apposition, is in reference to the large size of this species - reminiscent of the large pterosaurs from the Jurassic; and the Greek pteron &quot;wing&quot; + daktylos &quot;finger&quot; in reference to the finger-like lobe on the wing (Fig. 4A).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="120" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="120">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="120">
This is perhaps the largest species of
<taxonomicName family="Dolichopodidae" lsidName="" pageId="23" pageNumber="120" rank="family">Dolichopodidae</taxonomicName>
, at least in terms of body length.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="121" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="121">
<pageBreakToken pageId="24" pageNumber="121" start="start">Distribution</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="121">This species occurs in the Northern Rocky Mountains of U.S. and neighboring Canada; one male was collected in the Trinity Alps of northern California (Fig. 13).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="121" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="121">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="121">
HOLOTYPE ♂, labelled: &quot;MONTANA: Gallatin Co./ Grotto Falls 7000'/ 22 mi S Bozeman/ 19-VIII-2001/ J. B. Runyon&quot;; &quot;HOLOTYPE/ ♂
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Liancalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liancalus" order="Diptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Liancalus</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName lsidName="pterodactyl" pageId="24" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="pterodactyl">pterodactyl</taxonomicName>
/ Runyon &amp; Hurley&quot; [red label] (MCZ). PARATYPES:CANADA.Alberta: Lake Louise, 30.x.1923, Eric Hearle (1 ♂, CNC), Banff, 6.x.1926, Eric Hearle (1 ♂, CNC). British Columbia: Robson, 13.iii.1957, H.R. Foxlee (3 ♀, UBCZ), same as previous, 14.iii.1957 (1 ♀, UBCZ), same as previous, 18.iii.1957 (1 ♀, UBCZ), same as previous, 17.x.1961 (1 ♀, UBCZ). USA.California: Trinity Co., Siligo Mtn, 7000 ft, 11.viii.1967 (1 ♂, CAS). Idaho: Bonner Co., 14 mi. NW Samuels, 26.ix.1969, W.F. Barr (1 ♀, WSU). Montana: Flathead Co., seep on Going to the Sun Rd nr Haystack Crk, Glacier NP, 22.ix.2003, J. Giersch (1 ♂, MTEC), Cattle Queen Crk at Highline Trail, Glacier NP, 48.832221, -113.799051, 1845 m elev, 11.ix.2012, J. Giersch (1 ♂, MTEC); Gallatin Co., Bozeman, 3.ix.1960, S. Wiegand (1 ♂, MTEC), Silken Skein Falls, 3 mi. S Hyalite Rsvr., 8333 ft, 11.viii.2000, JBR (1 ♂, MTEC), Palisade Falls, 1 mi. S Hyalite Rsvr., 7685 ft, 12.viii.2000, RLH &amp; JBR (1 ♂, 2 ♀, MTEC), same as previous, 19.x.2000, JBR (2 ♂, MTEC), same as previous, 20.iv.2002, JBR (1 ♀, MTEC), same as previous, 20.viii.2009, JBR (3 ♂, 1 ♀, MTEC), same as previous, 12.x.2012, JBR (1 ♂, MTEC); Glacier Co., Cracker Lake inlet far West stream, Glacier NP, 48.742317, -113.651581, 1845 m elev, 9.ix.2011, J. Giersch (1 ♂, MTEC).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<mods:title id="314BE2DC86CC7B8BBDC7756CFFF860E3">Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="49FD24FEB925B86F9E2B04B506A5390E">Wilson, E. O.</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="15536EEE7BC207D6A62D462897CE5FFF" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="EA697C9507EC245F7D91F913D1F07560" pageNumber="132">
<taxonomicName id="975593C7BDBA753FC3A224F3EF31FD26" ID-CoL="4FY9D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33655" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole cavifrons Emery" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole cavifrons Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavifrons">Pheidole cavifrons Emery</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9ABCA677F43EE95D9F35BA69043B0526" pageNumber="132">
<taxonomicName id="2B20C29BC252395167916A722D2E2A43" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33655" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole cavifrons Emery" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole cavifrons Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavifrons">Pheidole cavifrons Emery</taxonomicName>
1906c: 144. Syn.:
<taxonomicName id="6162664405733C7AC08AB8A94A8322E1" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33592" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole arciruga Forel" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole arciruga Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arciruga">Pheidole arciruga</taxonomicName>
Forel 1908h: 381,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ADEDC2097A3B2A5937B5A5D892E3E1EE">n. syn.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Types Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B48BDB1BCAB06D879E3F101E2CA50709" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="1CADE376CEA8F02F01FC56B621145DA8" pageNumber="132">
Etymology l
<taxonomicName id="497B4979EC2FB22242B9BDA1EC36B663" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33655" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole cavifrons Emery" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole cavifrons Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavifrons">cavifrons</taxonomicName>
, hollow front, evidently referring to the deep antennal scrobes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="72A81FE8A0F55998DCD15236D21BEB68" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="D705BF477DBCAF92C200519662B1210A" pageNumber="132">
Diagnosis Closest to
<taxonomicName id="01E0C1A41CCD38E159865202D515937C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:181639" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole longior Santschi" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole longior Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longior">longior</taxonomicName>
, somewhat less similar to
<taxonomicName id="5C20B9BDDC6D5CCF0085B015237082AE" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33564" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole aberrans Mayr" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole aberrans Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aberrans">aberrans</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="82254690665CCA6BA3A500E510520D49" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33902" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole obnixa Forel" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole obnixa Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obnixa">obnixa</taxonomicName>
, distinguished as follows.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="177664484D4F0D804AFE8A077E970BD9" type="description">
<paragraph id="11231B96497D8425B1430070C4C83D0E" pageNumber="132">Major: head markedly elongate (Head Length/Head Width 1.39); concolorous yellow; hypostoma toothless; dorsal posterior half of head flat; frontal lobes in full-face view with lobose anterior margins; carinulae originating on frontal lobes end far short of midpoint between eyes and occiput; mesonotal convexity in side view reduced; propodeal spines strongly developed; promesonotum smooth and shiny.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AFF9F067DD1B25FE3F330F49E50B542F" pageNumber="132">Minor: pronotal dorsum covered by semicircular carinulae.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A374B10469F1CE14044F6798D288BAA6" pageNumber="132">Measurements (mm) Lectotype major: HW 0.76, HL 1.06, SL 0.34, EL 0.06, PW 0.54. Minor: HW 0.46, HL 0.52, SL 0.34, EL 0.04, PW 0.32. color Major: concolorous medium yellow. Minor: concolorous pale yellow.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0E73869000E4F85985D159D22D6215B3" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="66B567EF748E23CF7CE73A581E2AE149" pageNumber="132">
Range Recorded from Buenos Aires, Argentina; Uruguay; and Rio Grande do Sul and Parana, Brazil. biology The type colony of synonymous &quot;
<taxonomicName id="6818501077CF4A54DD3A11CD39D6B105" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33592" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole arciruga Forel" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole arciruga Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arciruga">arciruga</taxonomicName>
&quot; was collected from a termite mound in Rio Grande do Sul.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9498D897D1711F09BCAA5A579743E850" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="FA1919F0EDC1046CF55DCAC37F34FAA5" pageNumber="132">
figure Upper: lectotype, major (La Sierra, Uruguay). Lower: minor (&quot;
<taxonomicName id="36F1F1C55734EB0A9B0870885FD884F7" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33592" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole arciruga Forel" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole arciruga Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arciruga">arciruga</taxonomicName>
&quot; syntype, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, compared with
<taxonomicName id="F63510D4DF1089DA9C8199B8ECD3D13A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33655" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole cavifrons Emery" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole cavifrons Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavifrons">cavifrons</taxonomicName>
paralectotype). Scale bars = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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