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<document id="DE20274108D8AB5FB03DDCA2354124AC" ENCODING="Cp1252" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c9cb4ad0-93e5-4cb4-bc12-00fedca2b100" ModsDocID="20017" checkinTime="1252781302694" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Wilson, E. O." docDate="2003" docId="8DD35DDC4BF9DEEBEA481EDA36DAEA11" docLanguage="en" docName="20017_flavens_group_gg1.xml" docOrigin="Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press" docSource="http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017" docTitle="Pheidole prolixa Wilson, 2003, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="488" masterDocId="F98D6505470580F46DE05FCEDB0DECC1" masterDocTitle="Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus." pageNumber="488" updateTime="1701311119207" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="6ED9503D40BF260F984B6F4F8A62F2F5">
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<mods:title id="4146C2416F196441E1685388DD292A86">Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus.</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="779042C7F89BED1852948F43F6E20E9B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="3318B999CDAB29B52EDB50956FDF2699">Wilson, E. O.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="890C9DE799A4A90C4A35970DDE5E6CD4">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="022D15E8C9A7FECBF0906A1F26C3E515">2003</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="FCECC849809018F6A37B52C5DC4CF72F">Harvard University Press</mods:publisher>
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<mods:classification id="DF6BC5DD9E3CA4CD453D80C103B304B4">book</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="8DD35DDC4BF9DEEBEA481EDA36DAEA11" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6276305" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100119653" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6276305" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8DD35DDC4BF9DEEBEA481EDA36DAEA11" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8DD35DDC4BF9DEEBEA481EDA36DAEA11" lastPageNumber="488" pageNumber="488">
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<subSubSection id="FEFA1378E67EA9597FA732077C8D54DC" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="0F25994891BB2B27A79EFBD6B8D62892" pageNumber="488">
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<taxonomicName id="1392477264562932C33EBDB6143523B3" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:181924" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole prolixa Wilson" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prolixa">Pheidole prolixa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="25A5546A4242E91279C1DE973CA68301" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="74E1DB81D5DB5BBDA0F607801B43ADEF" pageNumber="488">Types Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="8BF935B81BFB1FA66D46EA8E9A2836D4" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="5F7BE371275CC02C23135B7B8F4F4BC5" pageNumber="488">
|
||||
etymology L
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0DF3A678E84D115F448B8E3A5D194432" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:181924" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole prolixa Wilson" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole prolixa Wilson" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prolixa">prolixa</taxonomicName>
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, stretched out, referring to the somewhat elongate head of the major.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="9957B85CC8341C9D77D23CDD84B1A42F" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="103380256D189EC991775564DCF7C1E1" pageNumber="488">
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||||
Diagnosis A small, reddish (major) or yellowish brown (minor) species similar to
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<taxonomicName id="9F9F686EAE2AC9285C24F06796EFDE0C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:181893" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole longinoi Wilson" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole longinoi Wilson" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longinoi">longinoi</taxonomicName>
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and
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||||
<taxonomicName id="46F3B6EF025735E6F69791AD78AFC0C8" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:181917" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole otisi Wilson" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole otisi Wilson" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="otisi">otisi</taxonomicName>
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, but readily distinguished by its darker color in both castes; the erect propodeal spine in both castes; and the more extensive cephalic sculpturing in the major, in which the frontal lobes are completely carinulate, and carinulae mesad to the eye extend all the way from the anterior clypeal border to the rugoreticulum that covers the occiput.
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||||
<taxonomicName id="26428658F1DB4139E0E4F3A1F7D92B59" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:181924" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole prolixa Wilson" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole prolixa Wilson" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prolixa">P. prolixa</taxonomicName>
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||||
has somewhat less resemblance to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A09843A153D7382E11EEDEAD1C91B02A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:181855" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole ceibana Wilson" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole ceibana Wilson" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ceibana">ceibana</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
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||||
<taxonomicName id="CAFE4FB360ED0E14AE32CD7C55FDC1F0" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:181935" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole ruida Wilson" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole ruida Wilson" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruida">ruida</taxonomicName>
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||||
, and
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||||
<taxonomicName id="E140A67DE3E2899238C95F18A9430AEC" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:181943" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole sospes Forel" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole sospes Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sospes">sospes</taxonomicName>
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||||
, which may be examined to confirm the identification.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B978AC66113F1A5757BBD7F6E4155D52" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="6F5C8325CEF9C87C848E32DEBBB4CDD6" pageNumber="488">Measurements (mm) Holotype major: HW 0.72, HL 0.84, SL 0.40, EL 0.10, PW 0.38. Paratype minor: HW 0.40, HL 0.46, SL 0.36, EL 0.06, PW 0.26. Color Major: body light reddish brown, appendages dark yellow. Minor: body yellowish brown, appendages clear medium yellow.</paragraph>
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||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C04E8702751CEE7A421582BB017FC95E" type="distribution">
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||||
<paragraph id="D13AD574507DAED4B092A64D560836D4" pageNumber="488">Range Known from the type series only.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="5727FE29706C565499098EC403A7F61E" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5B9D3F6A886B1BFF48E89A35E9924D3B" pageNumber="488">Biology The type series was sifted from litter and mold on the floor of lowland rainforest.</paragraph>
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||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="15C3EEEEEEE8EF9AD6E8C2FFA07F1482" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="914AF007020447E3AA36A50841C1B306" pageNumber="488">Figure Upper: holotype, major. Lower: paratype, minor. MEXICO: Estacion Biologica Los Tuxtlas, 10 km north-northwest of Sontecomapan, 18A°35TSf 95A°05 W, 200 m (Philip S. Ward). Scale bars = 1 mm.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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data/8D/D3/E2/8DD3E238DA0D6D5FDD35E6FCE61733B4.xml
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data/8D/D3/E2/8DD3E238DA0D6D5FDD35E6FCE61733B4.xml
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.797.29138" ID-GBIF-Dataset="490dbda4-d7c5-487f-acff-246b2759b135" ID-PMC="PMC6255883" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-797-87" ID-PubMed="30505163" ID-ZBK="973DB75A43AF4ED4A77437993EE23613" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-797-87" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 797" ModsDocTitle="Descriptions of four new species of Bactrocera and new country records highlight the high biodiversity of fruit flies in Vietnam (Diptera, Tephritidae, Dacinae)" checkinTime="1542678002623" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Leblanc, Luc, Doorenweerd, Camiel, Jose, Michael San, Pham, Hong Thai & Rubinoff, Daniel" docDate="2018" docId="8DD3E238DA0D6D5FDD35E6FCE61733B4" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 797: 87-115" docOrigin="ZooKeys 797" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.797.29138" docTitle="Bactrocera (Tetradacus) ernesti Leblanc & Doorenweerd, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="DC201837-F7AE-487B-86C0-D09B903F4CA7" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="95" masterDocId="F6775A61FF94FFCFFF81FFF4FFF4151C" masterDocTitle="Descriptions of four new species of Bactrocera and new country records highlight the high biodiversity of fruit flies in Vietnam (Diptera, Tephritidae, Dacinae)" masterLastPageNumber="115" masterPageNumber="87" originalUpdateDomain="Boston" originalUpdateTime="1542678002623" originalUpdateUser="pensoft" pageNumber="93" updateTime="1668166445563" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Descriptions of four new species of Bactrocera and new country records highlight the high biodiversity of fruit flies in Vietnam (Diptera, Tephritidae, Dacinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Leblanc, Luc</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Doorenweerd, Camiel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Jose, Michael San</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pham, Hong Thai</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rubinoff, Daniel</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>797</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>87</mods:start>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.797.29138</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.797.29138</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-797-87</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">973DB75A43AF4ED4A77437993EE23613</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">973DB75A43AF4ED4A77437993EE23613</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="149736204" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DC201837-F7AE-487B-86C0-D09B903F4CA7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8DD3E238DA0D6D5FDD35E6FCE61733B4" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="6" pageNumber="93">
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="93" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="93">
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||||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/DC201837-F7AE-487B-86C0-D09B903F4CA7" authority="Leblanc & Doorenweerd" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bactrocera (Tetradacus) ernesti" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ernesti" subGenus="Tetradacus">
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||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="93" start="start">Bactrocera</pageBreakToken>
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(Tetradacus) ernesti Leblanc & Doorenweerd
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</taxonomicName>
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||||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="6" pageNumber="93">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||||
</paragraph>
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||||
</subSubSection>
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||||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="93" type="holotype">
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||||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="93">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="93">
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||||
Male. Labelled: "Vietnam: Thừa
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||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Thiên-Hu">Thien-Hu</normalizedToken>
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||||
ế Province, Bạch
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||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mã">Ma</normalizedToken>
|
||||
National Park,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="16.2297">16.2297N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="107.8494">107.8494E</geoCoordinate>
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, 6-8-x-2015, M. San Jose and D. Rubinoff, FF485, zingerone lure. Molecular voucher ms6192". Deposited in UHIM. Paratypes: 5 males. Same data as holotype. All specimens pinned and one specimen is molecular voucher ms6255. Three of the paratypes are deposited at UHIM, one at WFBM and one at VNMN.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="93" type="differential diagnosis">
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||||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="93">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="93">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bactrocera ernesti" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ernesti">Bactrocera ernesti</taxonomicName>
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is similar to other members of the subgenus
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<taxonomicName lsidName="(Tetradacus)" pageId="6" pageNumber="93" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Tetradacus">Tetradacus</taxonomicName>
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||||
in having an elongate oval abdomen with a petiolate base [oval in most
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||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bactrocera" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bactrocera</taxonomicName>
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] with separate terga [tightly joined in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Dacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dacus" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dacus</taxonomicName>
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||||
], and a slight concavity of sternum V and short surstylus lobe in the males. It is most similar to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="B. minax" pageId="6" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="minax">B. minax</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="B. brachycera" pageId="6" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="brachycera">B. brachycera</taxonomicName>
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||||
, but differs from both in lacking a lateral yellow band connecting the postpronotal lobes to the notopleural suture, the absence of medial postsutural vitta, the anteriorly convergent lateral postsutural vittae, the lightly infuscate wing, and absence of distinct costal band, and the black bands on every abdominal segment.
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||||
</paragraph>
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||||
</subSubSection>
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||||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="93" type="molecular diagnostics">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="93">Molecular diagnostics.</paragraph>
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||||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="93">
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||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. ernesti" pageId="6" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="ernesti">B. ernesti</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. was referred to as
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||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bactrocera" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bactrocera</taxonomicName>
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||||
species 73, represented by the holotype, in the seven-gene phylogeny presented in
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<bibRefCitation author="San Jose, M" journalOrPublisher="Austral Entomology" pageId="20" pageNumber="107" url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.12.001" year="2018">San Jose et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. Based on the sampling therein, its closest relative is
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. (Tetradacus) tsuneonis" pageId="6" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="tsuneonis" subGenus="Tetradacus">B. (Tetradacus) tsuneonis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Miyake). The closest relative we could identify based on COI alone is the Australian species
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. visenda" pageId="6" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="visenda">B. visenda</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, at a minimum intraspecific pairwise genetic distance of 13.52 % [14.89 % in COI5P and 12.27 % in COI3P] (Figure 3).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="93">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="93">
|
||||
Figure 3. Maximum likelihood tree based on COI sequences of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. ernesti" pageId="6" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="ernesti">B. ernesti</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n. and several of its genetically closest neighbors, which include
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bactrocera" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bactrocera</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Zeugodacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zeugodacus" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Zeugodacus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Dacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dacus" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dacus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species. Bootstrap branch supports shown for intraspecific relationships. Abbreviations: HT holotype.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="6" pageNumber="93" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="93">Description of adult.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="93">
|
||||
Head (Figure 4A). Vertical length 1.82
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
0.04 (SE) (1.75-1.85) mm. Frons, of even width, length 1.16
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
0.05 (1.10-1.26) times breadth; uniformly fulvous; anteromedial hump and frons covered by short
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="red–brown">red-brown</normalizedToken>
|
||||
hairs; orbital and frontal setae, when present,
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="red–brown">red-brown</normalizedToken>
|
||||
: orbital setae absent or at most very weak and frontal setae very weak and may be restricted to superior pair; lunule fuscous. Ocellar triangle black. Vertex fulvous. Face fulvous with elongate black spot in lower half of each antennal furrow, connected by a faint narrow fuscous band across mid height of face; length 0.69
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
0.02 (0.65-0.70) mm. Genae fulvous, with fuscous
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="sub–ocular">sub-ocular</normalizedToken>
|
||||
spot; one large and numerous smaller
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="red–brown">red-brown</normalizedToken>
|
||||
setae present. Occiput fulvous with fuscous markings laterally on its lower half; occipital row with 9-13 dark setae and an irregular inner row of finer setae. Antennae with segments 1 (scape) and 2 (pedicel) fulvous, segment 3 (first flagellomere) fulvous with pale fuscous on outer surface; a strong
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="red–brown">red-brown</normalizedToken>
|
||||
dorsal seta on segment 2; arista black (fulvous basally); length of segments: 0.19
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
0.01 (0.18-0.20) mm; 0.26
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
0.02 (0.23-0.28) mm; 0.76
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
0.04 (0.70-0.83) mm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="93">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="93">
|
||||
Figure 4.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bactrocera (Tetradacus) ernesti" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ernesti" subGenus="Tetradacus">Bactrocera (Tetradacus) ernesti</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. A head B head and scutum C abdomen D wing E lateral view.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="6" pageNumber="93">
|
||||
Thorax (Figure 4B, E). Scutum
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="red–brown">red-brown</normalizedToken>
|
||||
except a broad light fuscous lanceolate pattern on its posterior third, anteriorly prolonged into three very narrow lines reaching anterior margin, narrow elongate dark fuscous bands adjacent to inner margins of lateral postsutural vittae, broad lateral dark fuscous markings behind postpronotal lobes and two short and narrow parallel dark fuscous bands between postpronotal lobes. Pleural areas dark fuscous except
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="red–brown">red-brown</normalizedToken>
|
||||
below postpronotal lobes, anterior
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="94" start="start">half</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
of anepisternum and posterior portion of katepisternum. Yellow markings as follows: postpronotal lobes; notopleura; medium sized and parallel-sided mesopleural (anepisternal) stripe, reaching anterior margin of notopleuron, continuing to katepisternum as a transverse spot, anterior margin straight; entire katatergite except
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="red–brown">red-brown</normalizedToken>
|
||||
narrowly along posterior margin; lower quarter to half of anatergite (remainder dark fuscous and red-brown on posterior margin of lower quarter to half); two moderately broad parallel sided lateral postsutural vittae ending shortly before intra-alar setae and curved slightly inwards along notopleural suture. Postnotum medially
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="red–brown">red-brown</normalizedToken>
|
||||
and laterally black. Scutellum yellow except for narrow dark fuscous basal band. Setae: 2 scutellar; 1 intra-alar; 1 posterior supra-alar; 1 mesopleural; 4 notopleural; 4 or 6 scapular (often a second pair of median scapular, just behind each bristle); anterior supra-alar and prescutellar bristles absent; all setae well developed and
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="red–brown">red-brown</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="94">Legs (Figure 4E). Fore coxae yellow with outer face dark fuscous; fore trochanters and mid coxae and trochanters yellow; hind coxae and trochanters dark fuscous. Femora yellow with broadly fuscous outer and inner surfaces. Fore and mid tibiae fulvous with dark fuscous on outer face of fore tibia and around base of mid tibia; hind tibiae dark fuscous. Tarsi fulvous with dark fuscous fore tarsomeres 2-5 and ventral face of fore basitarsus. Mid-tibiae each with an apical black spur.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="95">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="95" start="start">Wings</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
(Figure 4D). Length 7.56
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
0.21 (7.22-7.78) mm; basal costal (bc) cell infuscate and costal (c) cells mostly colorless except at apex; microtrichia along costal margin of cell bc and along costal margin and outer corner of cell c; remainder of wings colorless except fuscous subcostal cell, and lightly infuscate membrane between R1 and R4+5; supernumerary lobe weakly developed.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="95">Abdomen (Fig. 4C, E). Elongate oval and petiolate; terga free; pecten present on tergum III; posterior lobe of surstylus short; abdominal sternum V with a slight concavity on posterior margin. Tergum I as long as wide and tergum II and sterna I and II longer than wide. Tergum I medially fuscous with a faint narrow fuscous medial longitudinal band and laterally black. Tergum II yellow with a large inverted V-shaped medial marking. Tergum III black with large apical triangular yellow marking. Tergum IV black with apical fulvous band with a medial expansion; tergum V fulvous with a narrow basal black band expanded laterally to half the tergum length. Abdominal sterna dark, except yellow sternum II.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="95" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="95">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="95">
|
||||
This species is named after Ernest James Harris (1928-2018), in honor of his long career working as a fruit fly ecologist for the USDA (1962-2006). Some of Dr.
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Harris’s">Harris's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
important contributions include the field implementation of the first eradication program against invasive fruit flies in the Mariana Islands, the establishment of Mediterranean fruit fly suppression programs in North Africa and Chile and studies on its ecology and SIT in Hawaii, as a prelude to the initiation of the ongoing SIT program to prevent its establishment in California, and the development of mass rearing techniques of the fruit fly parasitoid
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Fopius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fopius arisanus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arisanus">Fopius arisanus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Sonan). He published over 120 scientific papers and was honored with distinctions by the State of Arkansas Black Hall of Fame (1999), the NAACP Hawaii Chapter (2012), the Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity National award (2013), the US Congressional Gold Medal (2016), the USDA-ARS Hall of Fame (2017), and as CTAHR Outstanding Alumnus (2017). His emergence as African American from a modest cotton farming family in Arkansas to an internationally respected prominent scientist, through hard work and his love for his research, makes Ernie a true role model for the senior author of this paper. Biographic sketches of Dr. Harris were published by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="8" pageNumber="95">Riddick et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="8" pageNumber="95">Leblanc and Vargas (2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, in press).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="95" type="notes">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="95">Notes.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="95">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bactrocera ernesti" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ernesti">Bactrocera ernesti</taxonomicName>
|
||||
keys to couplet 2, page 314, in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Drew, RAI" journalOrPublisher="CABI, Wallingford" pageId="19" pageNumber="106" title="Keys to the Tropical Fruit Flies of South-East Asia." year="2016">Drew and Romig (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, where it can be differentiated from
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. minax" pageId="8" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="minax">B. minax</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. brachycera" pageId="8" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="brachycera">B. brachycera</taxonomicName>
|
||||
based on the characters mentioned in the differential diagnosis.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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