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<document id="1F98D6739E39AE3EDD89F0D627B19861" ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="668de6d0-230e-4229-81f5-2c1b3393d6d0" ModsDocID="z01231p053" checkinTime="1247152979663" checkinUser="thomas" docAuthor="M. A. Treloar, L. J. B. Laurenson &amp; J. D. Stevens" docDate="2006" docId="8DC91CF26640A431484DDE15BD1563A2" docLanguage="en" docName="2006_Treloar_Laurenson_Stevens_gg1.xml" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1231" docSource="http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:DF293AC9-4368-4381-9FA2-F4486715FF80" docTitle="Rajidae" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="67" masterDocId="5D1DBD62740CEF8C86B7551B1FC4DC4D" masterDocTitle="Descriptions of rajid egg cases from southeastern Australian waters." masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="53" pageNumber="67" updateTime="1701314387874" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:namePart id="3FBC0AD4613AF72A6ADB46C4D749C96E">M. A. Treloar</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="02B76CE4393017CB19039030990A289F">L. J. B. Laurenson</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="8DC91CF26640A431484DDE15BD1563A2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6258307" ID-GBIF-Taxon="125136164" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6258307" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8DC91CF26640A431484DDE15BD1563A2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8DC91CF26640A431484DDE15BD1563A2" lastPageNumber="67" pageNumber="67">
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[[ Family
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<paragraph id="28DBFFCE33EBDD68CF269A0870591503" pageNumber="67">Discussion</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C8EA255A7D354008B6FDAA36F329EC9" pageNumber="67">This key is suitable for identifying both wet and dry skate egg cases from southeastern Australia. The key was developed using fresh (extracted from the uteri) egg cases, where correct species identification was assured and egg cases were undamaged. However drying identified fresh specimens showed that the key would still work on dried egg cases. When dry, the keratin-like substance of the egg case becomes brittle and is prone to damage. At room temperature, dried egg cases shrink by about 30% of their original size. This key was also used on previously unknown specimens collected from the beach. It was found if the egg cases were relatively undamaged, identification was possible. Heavily damaged and predated egg cases were unidentifiable.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7DA5EB95A31620A15F95C03BB1E03143" pageNumber="67">The egg case of the different species had a variety of characteristics which allowed them to be distinguished. Although egg case body size sometimes overlapped between species, other features could be used to distinguish them, including horn and apron lengths, shape, and presence/absence of a lateral keel and attachment fibres (irrespective of whether the egg case was fresh or not).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8F375479388EC4CE4A942D678A177E45" pageNumber="67">
Further identifications of other Australian skate egg cases are necessary to elucidate any phylogenic relationships between a skate’s genus and its egg cases. It is interesting that
<taxonomicName id="3348A70466F5954746F37EFE60E37FC6" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Dipturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gudgeri">Dipturus cf gudgeri</taxonomicName>
egg cases have horns that are almost fully enclosed in the apron. This feature may be an attribute of a subgenus in the genus
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(Ishiyama 1958). An egg case with enclosed horns was also found in a Japanese species that belonged to the genus
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. Ishiyama (1958) and H. Ishihara (Taiyo Engineering, Tokyo, Japan, personal communication) reported some phylogenetic differences in egg cases between genera in Japanese species. This suggests that egg case morphology may help in determining phylogenetic relationships in rajid species, although further work on egg case assemblages is required both in Australia and worldwide.
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(Brischke, 1892,
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<paragraph id="B599A2B6387BE10D63AEA0929DC72208" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042">England, Scotland, Isle of Man</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/56D2BC10-7248-448F-8E13-8DBDF447CE08" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Callistomorphus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Callistomorphus gibbus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbus">Callistomorphus gibbus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="45">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 6, 15, 24, 33, 42, 51, 60, 69, 78, 87, 96, 103, 110, 117
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">This species can be distinguished from other members of the genus by the following suite of characters: apical margin of pronotum concave in dorsal view, base sinuate, protruding towards elongate scutellum. Rostrum distinctly bent in middle of length.</paragraph>
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Figures 31-39. Elytra, lateral view: 31
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. farinosus" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="farinosus">C. farinosus</taxonomicName>
Perr. 32
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fundatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="fundatus">C. fundatus</taxonomicName>
sp. n. 33
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. gibbus" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="gibbus">C. gibbus</taxonomicName>
sp. n. 34
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. malleus" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="malleus">C. malleus</taxonomicName>
sp. n. 35
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. minimus" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="minimus">C. minimus</taxonomicName>
sp. n. 36
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. rutai" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="rutai">C. rutai</taxonomicName>
sp. n. 37
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. szoltysi" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="szoltysi">C. szoltysi</taxonomicName>
sp. n. 38
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. torosus" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="torosus">C. torosus</taxonomicName>
sp. n. 39
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. turbidus" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="turbidus">C. turbidus</taxonomicName>
sp. n.
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Body length (lb) - 7.90-9.60 mm.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Body colour and vestiture (Fig. 15). Generally dark brown with various, irregular spots of different shades of brown. Legs in some specimens with mottled coloration, from whitish to variable shades of orange and almost black. Tibiae generally paler, more or less orange. Pronotum sometimes with darker spots near base, medially and with pair of narrow, oblique stripes of white-yellow scales from hind angles to middle of length.</paragraph>
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Head (Figs 6, 60, 69, 78). Subquadrate to wider than long (♂: hw/hl = 1.00-1.20). Frons wider than double width of eye. Eyes approximately as long as half of length (♂: eyl/hl = 0.45-0.55), not protruding above margin of head in lateral view, regularly rounded. Rostrum as long as pronotum or little shorter (♂: rl/pl = 1.00-1.12), from 3.00 to 3.17
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as long as maximum width (rl/arw); with polished, sharp longitudinal carina on entire length; in lateral view distinctly curved medially. Scape shorter than rostrum (♂: scl/rl = 0.82-0.90). First funicle segment slightly longer than 2nd, 3rd almost as half-length of 2nd, antennomeres from 4th to 7th with similar length, little longer than wide. Club slightly as long as last four funicle segment combined, ca 1.8
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as long as wide.
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Pronotum (Figs 6, 42, 51). Wider than long (♂: bpw/pl = 1.06-1.15); base 1.26-1.47
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as wide as apical margin (bpw/apw); apical margin distinctly, widely concave with small tubercles; apical angles with rounded, distinct tubercle; in lateral view apical margin protruding towards head. Medial tubercle on pronotal disc well developed, divided into two, strongly protruding appendices. Width of medial constriction in relation to apical and basal margin in male: mpw/apw = 0.63-0.71, mpw/bpw = 0.48-0.50.
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Elytra (Figs 24, 33). Approximately 1.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as its width (♂: el/bew = 1.48-1.55); slightly narrowed from humeral calli to apical part. Medial tubercles distinct, elongate; elytral disc with numerous, small acuminate tubercles; tubercles on 7th intervals easily visible, protruding from outline of elytra in dorsal view. Striae with suboval, deep punctures; surface of elytral disc distinctly rugose. Scutellum triangular, as long as wide at base.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
Abdomen (Figs 87, 103). In male from 0.94 to 1.20
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as wide (al/aw). Male pygidium as in Fig. 87. Last ventrite 2.14-2.37
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
wider than long (lvw/lvl).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
Male terminalia (Figs 96, 110, 117). Penis body slightly longer than apodemes; from base to apical part almost subparallel, apically slightly narrowed to rounded apex; basal part sclerotised, except medial part; distinctly, regularly curved in lateral view, apices thin and distinctly upturned. Internal sac without any structure or sclerites. Parameroid lobes of tegmen thin, distinctly shorter than apodeme, divided almost to base. Tegminal apodeme apically extended. Spiculum gastrale robust, similar to
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fundatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="fundatus">C. fundatus</taxonomicName>
sp. nov; hemisternites fused with base of spiculum.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Female - unknown.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Measurements. ♂: al 3.20-3.60, apw, 1.40-1.90, arw 0.60-0.70, aw 2.90-3.50, bew 3.40-4.20, bpw 1.80-2.50, el 5.30-6.50, eyl 0.50-0.60, frw 0.50-0.60, hl 0.90-1.10, hw 1.00-1.20, lb 7.90-9.60, lvl 0.70-0.85, lvw 1.50-2.00, mpw 0.90-1.20, pl 1.70-2.20, rl 1.80-2.20, scl 1.60-1.80.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
Holotype, ♂ (here designated) - New Caledonia (N);
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-21.14889">21°08'56.0&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="165.32246">165°19'20.9&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aoupinié">Aoupinie</normalizedToken>
(refuge), 400 m, at light; 25.11.2006; leg. M. Wanat (MNHN).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
Paratypes: 1♂ - New Caledonia (N);
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-21.148333">21°08.9'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="165.32333">165°19.4'E</geoCoordinate>
;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aoupinié">Aoupinie</normalizedToken>
(refuge), 18.01.2007, 420 m, at light, leg. M. Wanat &amp; R. Dobosz (MNHW).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
1♂ - New Caledonia (N),
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-20.953333">20°57.2'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="165.29167">165°17.5'E</geoCoordinate>
, Pic
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Amoa">d'Amoa</normalizedToken>
, 360 m, 14.01.2007, forest at light, leg. M. Wanat &amp; R. Dobosz (MNHW).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
1♂ - New Caledonia (S),
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-22.031805">22°01'54.5&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="166.46738">166°28'02.6&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, Mt. Ouin Rd, 900 m, 0-0.5 km N of Dzumac jct, 5.12.2010, night coll., leg. M. Wanat &amp; R. Dobosz (MNHW).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
This epithet is the Latin noun &quot;
<taxonomicName lsidName="C gibbus" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="gibbus">gibbus</taxonomicName>
&quot; (protuberance, hump) and refers to a pair of large tubercles on elytra. A noun in apposition.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
The shape of pronotum together with the lateral profile of the rostrum are characteristic for this new species. The terminalia are quite similar to
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fundatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="fundatus">C. fundatus</taxonomicName>
sp. n. but differ in the shape of the apex of the penis (in dorsal view more rounded, in lateral view more upwardly directed in
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. gibbus" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="gibbus">C. gibbus</taxonomicName>
sp. n.). One small specimen was quite similar to
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. turbidus" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="turbidus">C. turbidus</taxonomicName>
sp. n. in bodily proportions, but distinctly different in the shape of the pronotum, rostrum length and form of terminal structures.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<taxonomicName id="8A130CDF82FDAB2A7EB03470C99B2E08" ID-CoL="49YJF" ID-ENA="1539397" authority="Thomson, 1888" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1888" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ophion" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophion longigena" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longigena">Ophion longigena Thomson, 1888</taxonomicName>
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