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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.93.11314" ID-GBIF-Dataset="96fa03d3-7bd0-4402-ba61-55e6d105eb18" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182236800" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-0743-2-211" ID-Pensoft-UUID="DB562B1A0D36574BAE7C5C9DE2E692DF" ID-Zenodo-Dep="575849" ID-ZooBank="3205177028D64A108321BF82758AA0D6" ModsDocID="1860-0743-93-2-211" checkinTime="1621423651276" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="George, Kai Horst" docDate="2017" docId="73F0037D3104F92B670874BF0DC93648" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoosystEvol 93(2): 211-241" docOrigin="Zoosystematics and Evolution 93 (2)" docPubDate="2017-03-22" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.93.11314" docTitle="Laophontodes T. Scott 1894" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="DB562B1A0D36574BAE7C5C9DE2E692DF" lastPageNumber="213" masterDocId="DB562B1A0D36574BAE7C5C9DE2E692DF" masterDocTitle="Phylogeny of the taxon Paralaophontodes Lang (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Laophontodinae), including species descriptions, chorological remarks, and a key to species" masterLastPageNumber="241" masterPageNumber="211" pageId="2" pageNumber="213" updateTime="1643486009954" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Phylogeny of the taxon Paralaophontodes Lang (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Laophontodinae), including species descriptions, chorological remarks, and a key to species</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>George, Kai Horst</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Senckenberg am Meer, Abt. Deutsches Zentrum fuer Marine Biodiversitaetsforschung DZMB, Suedstrand 44, D- 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">kgeorge@senckenberg.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182236800" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:73F0037D3104F92B670874BF0DC93648" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/73F0037D3104F92B670874BF0DC93648" lastPageNumber="213" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="213" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="213">
Genus
<taxonomicName authority="T. Scott, 1894" authorityName="T. Scott" authorityYear="1894" class="Hexanauplia" family="Ancorabolidae" genus="Laophontodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laophontodes" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="2" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Laophontodes T. Scott, 1894</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="213" type="type species">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="213">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="213">
<taxonomicName class="Hexanauplia" family="Ancorabolidae" genus="Laophontodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laophontodes typicus" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="2" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="typicus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">Laophontodes typicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
T. Scott, 1894. Additional species: According to
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2015.02.009" author="George, KH" journalOrPublisher="Zoologischer Anzeiger" pageId="13" pageNumber="224" pagination="61 - 96" refId="B29" refString="George, KH, Gheerardyn, H, 2015. Remarks on the genus Laophontodes T. Scott, 1894 (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Ancorabolidae, Laophontodinae), including the (re-) description of four species. Zoologischer Anzeiger 259: 61 - 96, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2015.02.009" title="Remarks on the genus Laophontodes T. Scott, 1894 (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Ancorabolidae, Laophontodinae), including the (re-) description of four species." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2015.02.009" volume="259" year="2015">George and Gheerardyn (2015</bibRefCitation>
, p. 62, Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Paralaophontodes anjae sp. n., setation of P 2 - P 4. Roman numerals indicate outer spines." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A814105D494F1925E54F73AC809421DC" pageId="2" pageNumber="213" tableUuid="A814105D494F1925E54F73AC809421DC">1</tableCitation>
),
<taxonomicName authorityName="T. Scott" authorityYear="1894" class="Hexanauplia" family="Ancorabolidae" genus="Laophontodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laophontodes" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="2" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">Laophontodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
currently encloses 16 species plus 1 species
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="213">incertae sedis</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<subSubSection id="C3358DD7608A4A93CEB357538B2CE68D" pageNumber="1148" type="nomenclature">
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<taxonomicName id="EB605D772775079A964E44A59BC33BF1" ID-CoL="6SZGY" authority="(Waterhouse 1839)" baseAuthorityName="Waterhouse" baseAuthorityYear="1839" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oryzomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1148" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="galapagoensis">
<emphasis id="0609C1B75CF49B676D5D3AB532658E7C" italics="true" pageNumber="1148">Oryzomys galapagoensis</emphasis>
(Waterhouse 1839)
</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="4D21089D3CEA70448AD3045F24E415D3" pageNumber="1148">
<treatmentCitation id="BBAE43AE724B49CF7325426B9C439684" Beagle=", Mammalia" author="Waterhouse" authority="(Waterhouse 1839)" baseAuthorityName="Waterhouse" baseAuthorityYear="1839" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oryzomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" page="66" pageNumber="1148" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="galapagoensis" title="[Oryzomys] galapagoensis" volumeTitle="Zool. Voy. H. M. S. " year="1839">
<taxonomicName id="A3CF122A85FACB25F73F52601F6C763F" ID-CoL="6SZGY" authority="(Waterhouse 1839)" baseAuthorityName="Waterhouse" baseAuthorityYear="1839" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oryzomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1148" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="galapagoensis">
<emphasis id="DFF7A9C8367433E40378D7873F393649" italics="true" pageNumber="1148">[Oryzomys] galapagoensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B491560C08A0237F0361BACB04B028C2" author="Waterhouse, G. R." refId="ref383234" refString="Waterhouse, G. R. 1839. Observations on the Rodentia with a view to point out groups as indicated by the structure of the crania in this order of mammals. Magazine of Natural History, ser. 2, 3: 90 - 96." year="1839">Waterhouse 1839</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibCitation id="0916505D878C28575C4A4FB08A37F93A" Beagle=", Mammalia" author="Waterhouse" pageNumber="1148" pagination="66" title="[Oryzomys] galapagoensis" volumeTitle="Zool. Voy. H. M. S. " year="1839">
Zool. Voy. H. M. S. &quot;Beagle&quot;,
<taxonomicName id="681EB53BA665C3D91AA3117852174D97" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="class">Mammalia</taxonomicName>
: 66
</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="164FA8D7C91E5694D3B49945DD65D3BC" pageNumber="1148" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="1AB9DE0FCB17EBE0E8BABF4BE3E19B47" pageNumber="1148">
<emphasis id="A8E26DAB069C7AEC2D7186473E144575" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1148">Type Locality:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="AED5B8CFEADD29FEFD043C52E82919D6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4867286976" country="Ecuador" pageNumber="1148" stateProvince="Galapagos">
<collectingCountry id="B13A042FFA7377E6A0B225642B4E9992" name="Ecuador">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="7F16CAEC964C8095C9CDDE92FEB3FC3B" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
Isls, Chatham Isl.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="28570260C4FA6F30E3A4EDEEE7C2954F" pageNumber="1148" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="B9D7EEFA94EA44092218EC638EF801E8" pageNumber="1148">
<emphasis id="46F43611BB83E6E67ADCA1A9A0E1871D" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1148">Vernacular Names:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="5FACF6DC0FFFD5E78309652E2A1F2010" language="eng" pageNumber="1148">
<collectingRegion id="3F2FA4393DEDE4FF39087F71FE8D6262" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos">Galapagos</collectingRegion>
Oryzomys
</vernacularName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EF740EF995ABAC6E05716402EE427632" pageNumber="1148" type="synonym_list">
<paragraph id="F1E3E3F1BC92F14DA2A1B632E0F11844" pageNumber="1148">
<emphasis id="10AE4C0AD25AB136BCC36A594027E6BE" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1148">Synonyms:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="12B2A1E36C5370D78DFB55B6E3F10A18" authority="J. A. Allen 1892" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1892" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oryzomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1148" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bauri">
<emphasis id="D6FABAF950A0C97BA07D0652BEEF67FD" italics="true" pageNumber="1148">Oryzomys bauri</emphasis>
J. A.
<bibRefCitation id="03DBE0C03136B9DF491CF49695813D78" author="Allen, J. A." refId="ref5241" refString="Allen, J. A. 1892. A synopsis of the pinnipeds, or seals and walruses, in relation to their commercial history and products, Pp. 367 - 391, in Fur seal arbitration, appendix to the case of the United States before the tribunal of arbitration to convene at Paris. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 1: 605 pp." year="1892">Allen 1892</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1479B798E59674CE7CCDE3F4FB131FDA" pageNumber="1148" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="4C5C67BEAAC720A1A4D2CBFEE871A441" pageNumber="1148">
<emphasis id="F2F7DF82D6B8C7FAF137FF720B0BA11E" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1148">Distribution:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F72C2EB515265C72024F66187EAF343F" name="Saint Kitts and Nevis">San Cristobal</collectingCountry>
(= Chatham) and Sante Fe (= Barrington) Isls.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9872EA85C0CDB31F38C9C9AC6EF3BBC4" pageNumber="1148" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="7834EC735FE751E4E6C4959BFA316D26" pageNumber="1148">
<emphasis id="592A591813435B002D88A67F0ACC475A" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1148">Conservation:</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="730D82B2C6645F4BB2C2001017DCDA72">IUCN</collectionCode>
– Extinct as
<emphasis id="ED198DBD4EF38B2D92ECEE82EE77B2B0" italics="true" pageNumber="1148">
O. g.
<taxonomicName id="4EF271128CFF5841D7539D758D1FDBC1" authority=", Vulnerable" authorityName="Vulnerable" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oryzomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="galapagoensis">galapagoensis, Vulnerable</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
as
<emphasis id="CD31A0B8CF8C3BF747A1BCA52FA09FF1" italics="true" pageNumber="1148">
G. g.
<taxonomicName id="64ADCE37278580F4DB45A785C87F8F34" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1892" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oryzomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bauri">bauri</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EA86AF520AF74F8FB74EE2DCA9EB06B8" pageNumber="1148" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="C9364D70AE819C0303698452D64C47E3" pageNumber="1148">
<emphasis id="2553FDAF1C8C15ABA6E7F330C555B58E" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1148">Discussion:</emphasis>
Cabrera (1961) assigned
<taxonomicName id="2C41D6671513B17E7DFE8063B4C8D538" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1892" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oryzomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bauri">
<emphasis id="B0E303D2067E75B0554EE464CC6C9321" italics="true" pageNumber="1148">bauri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="FB80CFE41EA22FFF5BCDA764857CA08C" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oryzomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="galapagoensis">
<emphasis id="728976B871E4FEF643C8C73700EFD950" italics="true" pageNumber="1148">O. galapagoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, an action more fully documented by
<bibRefCitation id="B4F57A2A72FFC631B94E36C1C7A6F27E" author="Patton, J. L. &amp; M. S. Hafner" refId="ref275642" refString="Patton, J. L., and M. S. Hafner. 1983. Biosystematics of the native rodents of the Galapagos Archipelago, Ecuador. Pp. 539 - 568, in Patterns of evolution in Galapagos organisms (R. I. Bowman, M. Benson, and A. E. Leviton, eds.). American Association for the Advancement of Science, Pacific Division, San Francisco, CA, 568 pp." year="1983">Patton and Hafner (1983)</bibRefCitation>
. Related to
<taxonomicName id="E6D713DB260115178AEF044EE36D345E" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1894" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oryzomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xanthaeolus">
<emphasis id="ECA13236B1CB50E36F323DC13A8BEB2F" italics="true" pageNumber="1148">Oryzomys xanthaeolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex on mainland South America (
<bibRefCitation id="94959668177CFDCB46EA28797418EEF6" author="Gardner, A. L. &amp; J. L. Patton" refId="ref114542" refString="Gardner, A. L., and J. L. Patton. 1976. Karyotypic variation in oryzomyine rodents (Cricetinae) with comments on chromosomal evolution in the Neotropical cricetine complex. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, Louisiana State University, 49: 1 - 48." year="1976">Gardner and Patton, 1976</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="12CB269A27DF60384D8E5793871C21AB" author="Patton, J. L. &amp; M. S. Hafner" refId="ref275642" refString="Patton, J. L., and M. S. Hafner. 1983. Biosystematics of the native rodents of the Galapagos Archipelago, Ecuador. Pp. 539 - 568, in Patterns of evolution in Galapagos organisms (R. I. Bowman, M. Benson, and A. E. Leviton, eds.). American Association for the Advancement of Science, Pacific Division, San Francisco, CA, 568 pp." year="1983">Patton and Hafner, 1983</bibRefCitation>
). Extirpated from
<collectingCountry id="698B5BBF60678BCD0B5CD431975BF608" name="Saint Kitts and Nevis">San Cristobal</collectingCountry>
Isl (
<taxonomicName id="BE3ECABB638DC6E49EDB835DA3A50C0E" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oryzomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="galapagoensis">
<emphasis id="9CEF2C8C1FCFECAD1E588A767C4532AA" italics="true" pageNumber="1148">galapagoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
proper) but populations (
<emphasis id="9521BE5DAA702F40D3CC466A51F54BF8" italics="true" pageNumber="1148">
O. g.
<taxonomicName id="4D03A91A8C36D6A6DAD125F2E46AAF29" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1892" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oryzomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bauri">bauri</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
) still inhabit Sante Fe Isl (see
<bibRefCitation id="97D92AE61EB51CC0EA8514835675CD8E" author="Dowler, R. C. &amp; D. S. Carroll &amp; C. W. Edwards" refId="ref88222" refString="Dowler, R. C., D. S. Carroll, and C. W. Edwards. 2000. Rediscovery of rodents (Genus Nesoryzomys) considered extinct in the Galapagos Islands. Oryx, 34: 109 - 117." year="2000">Dowler et al., 2000</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="DA0267E590E0F85C7DABFE5D5A6E436A" author="Patton, J. L. &amp; M. S. Hafner" refId="ref275642" refString="Patton, J. L., and M. S. Hafner. 1983. Biosystematics of the native rodents of the Galapagos Archipelago, Ecuador. Pp. 539 - 568, in Patterns of evolution in Galapagos organisms (R. I. Bowman, M. Benson, and A. E. Leviton, eds.). American Association for the Advancement of Science, Pacific Division, San Francisco, CA, 568 pp." year="1983">Patton and Hafner, 1983</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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90
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<taxonomicName authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1774" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rosa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sinica">
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<paragraph pageNumber="799">RCN: 3739.</paragraph>
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Current name:
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Rosa
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sinica
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L.
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(
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186
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<paragraph id="CC9CA062205F0A13870129851F90E2DC" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">
<taxonomicName id="FE391FD89E0A8E75B04FFC41F9CB4DAE" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apanteles galleriae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="144" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="galleriae">Apanteles galleriae</taxonomicName>
Wilkinson, 1932: 139.
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<paragraph id="47CF35DFE541D12C186A17B8F71610C5" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F5C458C022A5616A699E62E9809246A2" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">
FRANCE, Montpellier (
<bibRefCitation id="736D7F4E1C6E19F6BDF4E2C83B5A1C91" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Shenefelt 1972</bibRefCitation>
: 516).
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<paragraph id="207C8F30B422455FBC14FA098DF3B9F5" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE41F095CF780380A08755E4EE378B53" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">♀, NMNH (not examined).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="89E178709669E661AC560A52FD8351E2" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1DFA53581AEB0CDC4E21613FD8F0259B" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">
<bibRefCitation id="320619510186E0E06E30CD0AF75D682F" author="Whitfield, JB" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="306" pageNumber="307" pagination="851 - 857" title="Review of the Apanteles species (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) attacking Lepidoptera in Bombus (Fervidobombus) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colonies in the New World, with description of a new species from South America." url="10.1603/0013-8746(2001)094[0851:ROTASH]2.0.CO;2" volume="94" year="2001">Whitfield et al. (2001)</bibRefCitation>
provided a comprehensive description and numerous black and white illustrations.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="5958EF035090E736BFF2C5C74854FC99" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Molecular data.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BC519E1E0C266924F615BA7255A228FB" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Sequences in BOLD: 16, barcode compliant sequences: 12, haplotypes: 2 (but see Comments below).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="A2CA20E1526B74821E96FD8ED15B2A88" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Biology/ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9784F1EA82D86D644ED918DCD1DE9821" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">
Solitary, parasitoid of early-instar larva of wax moths and emerges to spin its white cocoon and pupate well before the host larva reaches full size (
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). Hosts:
<taxonomicName id="676BBF29E34114336E13059831A27403" family="Pyralidae" lsidName="" pageId="144" pageNumber="145" rank="family">Pyralidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="39328B42EF670775FDD04F3FC8F6A79C" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Achroia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Achroia grisella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="144" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grisella">Achroia grisella</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="2F2B7C037DC106B8A674EA57B93733FF" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Achroia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Achroia innonata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="144" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="innonata">Achroia innonata</taxonomicName>
,
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,
<taxonomicName id="28E61CD3A3414D8C4F72095EAA3CB3D4" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Vitula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vitula edmandsii" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="144" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="edmandsii">Vitula edmandsii</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10F09D161F9792C58CED6F65D05B502F" pageId="144" pageNumber="145" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8AC912D50DBA44FA9B8F5F907387EE1D" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3B1B9E1A60447ADF1BE437B774A11958" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">
Worldwide. This is a cosmopolitan species that has been introduced to many countries inadvertently with the transport of honey bees (
<bibRefCitation id="27DF22FE83A3C77AC85EBC8797CC3C06" author="Whitfield, JB" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="306" pageNumber="307" pagination="851 - 857" title="Review of the Apanteles species (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) attacking Lepidoptera in Bombus (Fervidobombus) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colonies in the New World, with description of a new species from South America." url="10.1603/0013-8746(2001)094[0851:ROTASH]2.0.CO;2" volume="94" year="2001">Whitfield et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
); it may occur in Guanacaste, owing to the commercial honey bee industry, but there is no evidence that it occurs in ACG.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B5DB1CC6150AB03CE81045668A33F039" lastPageId="145" lastPageNumber="146" pageId="144" pageNumber="145" type="comments">
<paragraph id="3DD3B1D378591D2E1B93EFAF314AFA0B" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8E6AE56AF1F370327927564088833749" lastPageId="145" lastPageNumber="146" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">
One of the sequences in BOLD (code: GBAH3182-07), was mined from GenBank and does not contain any information about its original source
<pageBreakToken id="EFBF0448298C30592D078A5E927211B1" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" start="start">and</pageBreakToken>
/or sample identifier. It most likely represents a different species not related at all to
<taxonomicName id="7DB4A9133AEC764F12EC4AEB226B40C7" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apanteles galleriae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="galleriae">Apanteles galleriae</taxonomicName>
. In fact, blasting of that sequence reveals that its very close to the species
<taxonomicName id="EDF4F597B9A386D8FDC8B6F08391E83E" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apanteles ensiger" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ensiger">Apanteles ensiger</taxonomicName>
(Say, 1836). Because all other sequences of
<taxonomicName id="16A1DDDE4CB34860A2B7F87D42585FF1" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apanteles galleriae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="galleriae">Apanteles galleriae</taxonomicName>
represent the same haplotype, we here recommend that such a dubious sequence be excluded from further consideration and analysis when dealing with the species
<taxonomicName id="CAC4A219C72D80A15C1EA4DE9D7D3275" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apanteles galleriae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="galleriae">Apanteles galleriae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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E. Geoffroy and G. Cuvier 1796
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.
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<emphasis id="0F011F1F29B013DEA147374596BE6394" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="120">Type Species:</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="8FED03500D1A34EB4651CEAE9D570F37" italics="true" pageNumber="120">Lemur indri</emphasis>
Gmelin 1788
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<emphasis id="D566C5F30C43DEA0595B48195B1F2F3F" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="120">Synonyms:</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="46F3F8979CC6E49209C4046F5A48A5BA" italics="true" pageNumber="120">Indris</emphasis>
G. Cuvier 1805
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;
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<emphasis id="E275E310DD26D67F31F8BDEAE389E227" italics="true" pageNumber="120">Lichanotus</emphasis>
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;
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<emphasis id="C7618B0FF41B1061B439856243986E91" italics="true" pageNumber="120">Pithelemur</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B87077CFD70871FB3CCA1575BE28C3DA" author="Lesson, R. P." refId="ref210535" refString="Lesson, R. P. 1840. Species es mammiferes bimanes et quadrimanes ... Bailliere, London, 292 pp." year="1840">Lesson 1840</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
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<emphasis id="D207EF57BC0FD7B601394D1384189B03" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="120">Species and subspecies:</emphasis>
1 species with 2 subspecies:
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Species
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<emphasis id="E92A98B8E519A7D59F1AA2125BD4B121" italics="true" pageNumber="120">Indri indri</emphasis>
(Gmelin 1788)
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Subspecies
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<emphasis id="CA96DDB1FB9254FE30E9963EE474C893" italics="true" pageNumber="120">Indri indri</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="252AB6892BFF863E5C865512DFF500FD" italics="true" pageNumber="120">indri</emphasis>
Gmelin 1788
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Subspecies
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<emphasis id="FD37364D787D516814893330F6F5BE27" italics="true" pageNumber="120">Indri indri</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="C4E0C6EA428AE230421C9ACE0B47CBBD" italics="true" pageNumber="120">variegatus</emphasis>
Gray 1872
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<emphasis id="849C53184E88DA9F496278738F3D1CE5" italics="true" pageNumber="1116">Echinops sphaerocephalus</emphasis>
L.
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Artbeschreibung:
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hoch, einfach oder oben verzweigt.
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(oben) und Blattoberseite
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,
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Blattunterseite weissfilzig.
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fiederteilig
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</emphasis>
, Durchmesser
<quantity id="37DB0634C7D0968DC537AB12D2956F66" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageNumber="1176" unit="cm" value="4.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="3.0">3-6 cm</quantity>
, aus zahlreichen langen,
<normalizedToken id="41F25E2D1D046D30B0AA96146A3CF121" originalValue="einblütigen" pageNumber="1176">einbluetigen</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="825C47C2650C8EF666EC439E03EEAD55" originalValue="Köpfchen" pageNumber="1176">Koepfchen</normalizedToken>
bestehend.
<emphasis id="54F4AEF3F4746B60F8D0E3A847791852" bold="true" pageNumber="1116">
<normalizedToken id="FA6A09E4D4506D88468EB950E61D8F39" originalValue="Blüten" pageNumber="1176">Blueten</normalizedToken>
weisslich bis hellblau,
<normalizedToken id="641E638FC2E542A5B26D11954AE9E49D" originalValue="röhrenförmig" pageNumber="1176">roehrenfoermig</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
, bis fast zum Grund 5teilig.
<normalizedToken id="20830687B56F828C1604CFFD2D51E002" originalValue="Früchte" pageNumber="1176">Fruechte</normalizedToken>
<quantity id="7D0F56C636F1E69450A387C60B9271CE" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageNumber="1176" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="7.0">7-8 mm</quantity>
lang, Pappus ein ca.
<quantity id="3B3B80F5A8DED5CCA4CE90691E07B414" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageNumber="1176" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
hohes
<normalizedToken id="0486C8FC83610F605C509FA6B79A0C45" originalValue="Krönchen" pageNumber="1176">Kroenchen</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="789570BD51A59CED5A4142D77DDBCCD1" pageNumber="1116" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="D3E078FE798B3A4EF515BB13ABAD6754" pageNumber="1116">
<normalizedToken id="0C0D8F3CFD3CF4D6520A9E39C614CEC2" originalValue="Blütezeit" pageNumber="1176">Bluetezeit</normalizedToken>
: 7-9
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E9FA0CA1428E90FA505712D07C539DEA" pageNumber="1116">
Standort und Verbreitung in der Schweiz:
<normalizedToken id="2158B5FF0BE34A91D5C6A423CCD8CB7D" originalValue="Wegränder" pageNumber="1176">Wegraender</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken id="39B0783CA71B77ECBFBE912BE85D1F29" originalValue="Bahndämme" pageNumber="1176">Bahndaemme</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken id="43F785A7CED5F81D1A5EC28F41F24B0F" originalValue="Ödland" pageNumber="1176">Oedland</normalizedToken>
/ kollin(-montan) / CH, sehr zerstreut
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="91A8A8D2316B24575EF517A98D48F85E" pageNumber="1116" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="765C0B5B8C4813F92EBA352A18C1FDC6" pageNumber="1116">Verbreitung global: Eurasiatisch</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="706C4DE54E23AAC179A07BA31A070F17" pageNumber="1116" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="B51DCDEA13375A9D6BC93DEFDE7BA9EC" pageNumber="1116">
<normalizedToken id="C0D4D79D7C06E2D77400283324F6CA58" originalValue="Ökologische">Oekologische</normalizedToken>
Zeigerwerte nach
<bibRefCitation id="4D76D3C55C8938A52A654C4FCB1C97DC" author="Landolt, E. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Erhardt, A. &amp; Hegg, O. &amp; Klötzli, F. &amp; Lämmler, W. &amp; Nobis, M. &amp; Rudmann-Maurer, K. &amp; Theurillat, J.P. &amp; Urmi, E. &amp; Vust, M. &amp; Wohlgemuth, T." pageNumber="1116" publicationUrl="https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" refString="Landolt, E., Bäumler, B., Erhardt, A., Hegg, O., Klötzli, F., Lämmler, W., Nobis, M., Rudmann-Maurer, K., Theurillat, J.P., Urmi, E., Vust, M., Wohlgemuth, T. 2010. Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen (2nd ed.). https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" title="Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen" year="2010">Landolt &amp; al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D0B1AA0A4EE49211D64C7B2BC94DF79A" pageNumber="1116">
<table id="F509747DF7C12EDB1FC4393B512B1B2F" class="table" inLine="true" pageNumber="1116">
<tr id="D5A92EED33C0DD659BFCC2EF445608EC" pageNumber="1116">
<th id="4705FB415293D5BA85596CE663ECA539" colspan="2" pageNumber="1116">
<emphasis id="DEB7BCAD4EABB53289706D60D832B99B" bold="true" pageNumber="1116">Bodenfaktoren</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="CBA9CBB400F4821EFD6A2766DA0CCBFF" colspan="2" pageNumber="1116">
<emphasis id="9D4440FB3A108AC4693BA5FE7E90A233" bold="true" pageNumber="1116">Klimafaktoren</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="CBA3DBA48AC7A728572950A243BE2AB6" colspan="2" pageNumber="1116">
<emphasis id="69685C249B90005A2F9238399A3D0CB1" bold="true" pageNumber="1116">Salztoleranz</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="40293332D73D6AAA4664F45A35A411BE" pageNumber="1116">
<td id="0B92F6B7F1F8DC82A7207ED0C62D9C2E" pageNumber="1116">Feuchtezahl F</td>
<td id="22A6A8DF03184FCF3B6F79AA7FEE24FE" pageNumber="1116" style="text-align:left;width:100px">
<normalizedToken id="103D0A24478F73414D1C656795B2351F" originalValue="mässig">maessig</normalizedToken>
trocken; Feuchtigkeit
<normalizedToken id="40F0B99829DDBC438D2F850AC52D3854" originalValue="mässig">maessig</normalizedToken>
wechselnd (
<normalizedToken id="6B12642DAE374F3CCC405774D20798F2" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1-2 Stufen)
</td>
<td id="A1D87FA37D75682F9F90D2517CF64CBE" pageNumber="1116">Lichtzahl L</td>
<td id="13D5857E4F4D8C53572BC27198DD62FF" pageNumber="1116" style="text-align:left;width:60px">hell</td>
<td id="AA301E28D7DBBD501C53C5ADDDA96817" pageNumber="1116">Salzzeichen</td>
<td id="525F34752E305ABEB1C23961FB257555" pageNumber="1116" style="text-align:left;width:60px">--</td>
</tr>
<tr id="56A598BF69FA2EF1F89501FD8AF627F2" pageNumber="1116">
<td id="C5E4E1793C3892A30918BFAF151B2347" pageNumber="1116">Reaktionszahl R</td>
<td id="9076F1D62B1233D9B568D264E1A5FF38" pageNumber="1116" style="text-align:left">neutral bis basisch (pH 5.5-8.5)</td>
<td id="2379249B31580FE42BF2AB69A5BCFFBA" pageNumber="1116">Temperaturzahl T</td>
<td id="4F38FB7F57527CB56722B11A0367C2F2" pageNumber="1116" style="text-align:left">
kollin (
<normalizedToken id="E16C51F6D8F05A5A66971311AF8C4409" originalValue="Laubmischwälder">Laubmischwaelder</normalizedToken>
mit Eichen)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="709E1DC717EBB1FCB6C64775A483AB61" pageNumber="1116">
<td id="28DA62F20A6B1EBBF6ED669172F92BF9" pageNumber="1116">
<normalizedToken id="14B63C9466FA717A83155A8B2F3696CE" originalValue="Nährstoffzahl">Naehrstoffzahl</normalizedToken>
N
</td>
<td id="69A1A09C5633FC45F751862911184434" pageNumber="1116" style="text-align:left">
<normalizedToken id="C1FE14E8C850CA27AC53539DED013B09" originalValue="nährstoffreich">naehrstoffreich</normalizedToken>
</td>
<td id="3FB0F501EB40FBDB2D938BD03E996A6F" pageNumber="1116">
<normalizedToken id="A950ADA98F8E515AA24CE19A027077CB" originalValue="Kontinentalitätszahl">Kontinentalitaetszahl</normalizedToken>
K
</td>
<td id="908151B2576BA04E0BD3D78E47CEDB29" pageNumber="1116" style="text-align:left">kontinental (sehr niedrige Luftfeuchtigkeit, sehr grosse Temperaturschwankungen, kalte Winter)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F35E1C6E559ED1713C7280DCF5D5C3F6" pageNumber="1116" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="E933D63BE1747B2B9301544BB7FC092D" pageNumber="1116">
Volksname Deutscher Name:
<vernacularName id="F9CCDB1BAF10967AB9AD2858E7A275B2" language="deu" pageNumber="1116">
<normalizedToken id="C50D4C045E1265F839A7B4DA45693E5F" originalValue="Rundköpfige">Rundkoepfige</normalizedToken>
Kugeldistel
</vernacularName>
Nom
<normalizedToken id="DD9361A8097CAF3CF4DE06AAA12E6BE5" originalValue="français">francais</normalizedToken>
:
<vernacularName id="A86F770D640BCECA81B0AE291925FC66" language="fra" pageNumber="1116">
<taxonomicName id="1DBE0D4818481D9D6EC8B01496704720" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Echinops" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Echinops</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="6025FDD5D4727A7D82D4875CC920B016" originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="9343D56419F04805759F3AA31E144A09" originalValue="tête">tete</normalizedToken>
ronde
</vernacularName>
Nome italiano:
<vernacularName id="C4F8BF2AD3C8124D4490F93B65D6530B" language="ita" pageNumber="1116">Cardo-pallottola maggiore</vernacularName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<taxonomicName id="1B09E2E24092235CC5A5DDC03ABDF53A" ID-CoL="6GLJP" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1759" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Erica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="physodes">
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Linnaeus
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,
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.
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<paragraph id="2523A68C36216DEC13BCC7E99B04BD88" pageNumber="500">[&quot;Habitat in Aethiopia.&quot;] Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 1: 507 (1762). RCN: 2742, 2794.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7D2A30D3DA81CFD83BF884EE252B7D46" pageNumber="500">
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(designated here by
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</materialsCitation>
.
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Current name:
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<emphasis id="12ED869C4AB7F0E4BCF16D8983A4C159" bold="true" italics="true" pageNumber="500">Erica physodes</emphasis>
L.
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(
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