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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e8286" ID-PMC="PMC4867701" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828--8286" ID-PubMed="27226761" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1314-2828--e8286" ModsDocOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal " ModsDocTitle="Checklist of Serengeti Ecosystem Grasses" checkinTime="1553126254102" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Williams, Emma Victoria, Elia Ntandu, John, Ficinski, Pawel &amp; Vorontsova, Maria" docDate="2016" docId="133A7E140DFD6AAD18239A70F7ABE132" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 4: e8286" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 4" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e8286" docTitle="Andropogon amethystinus Steud." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="8286" masterDocId="FFD5FFC2FFE76F0DFFB3FFA2FFE6FFE5" masterDocTitle="Checklist of Serengeti Ecosystem Grasses" masterLastPageNumber="8286" masterPageNumber="8286" pageNumber="8286" updateTime="1668127305304" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:namePart>Williams, Emma Victoria</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Ficinski, Pawel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Vorontsova, Maria</mods:namePart>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:133A7E140DFD6AAD18239A70F7ABE132" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/133A7E140DFD6AAD18239A70F7ABE132" lastPageNumber="8286" pageId="0" pageNumber="8286">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="8286">
<taxonomicName authority="Steud." class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Andropogon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Andropogon amethystinus" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="8286" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amethystinus">Andropogon amethystinus Steud.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="8286">
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Andropogon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Andropogon pratensis" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="8286" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pratensis">Andropogon pratensis</taxonomicName>
Hochst. ex Hack.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="8286" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="8286">Materials</paragraph>
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; Taxon: scientificName: Andropogonamethystinus Steud.; kingdom: Plantae; family: Poaceae; genus: Andropogon; specificEpithet: amethystinus; scientificNameAuthorship: Steud.; Location: continent: Africa; country:
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Type status:
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. Occurrence: catalogNumber:
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; recordNumber: P2; recordedBy:
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; Taxon: scientificName: Andropogonamethystinus Steud.; kingdom: Plantae; family: Poaceae; genus: Andropogon; specificEpithet: amethystinus; scientificNameAuthorship: Steud.; Location: continent: Africa; country:
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Type status:
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. Occurrence: catalogNumber:
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; recordNumber: 976; recordedBy:
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; Taxon: scientificName: Andropogonamethystinus Steud.; kingdom: Plantae; family: Poaceae; genus: Andropogon; specificEpithet: amethystinus; scientificNameAuthorship: Steud.; Location: continent: Africa; country:
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="8286">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
; stateProvince: Arusha; county: Ngorongoro; locality:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:133A7E140DFD6AAD18239A70F7ABE132:CAF91AE50AEBBF7E1756BE038E77DC78" country="Tanzania" latitude="-3.166667" longitude="35.583332" name="Ngorongoro Crater" pageId="0" pageNumber="8286">Ngorongoro Crater</location>
; verbatimLocality: On the top ridge of the Ngorongoro crater; decimalLatitude:
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; decimalLongitude:
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; Record Level: institutionCode:
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; collectionCode:
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Type status:
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. Occurrence: catalogNumber:
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; recordNumber: 96; recordedBy:
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="8286">Frame, GW</collectorName>
; Taxon: scientificName: Andropogonamethystinus Steud.; kingdom: Plantae; family: Poaceae; genus: Andropogon; specificEpithet: amethystinus; scientificNameAuthorship: Steud.; Location: continent: Africa; country:
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="8286">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
; stateProvince: Arusha; county: Ngorongoro; locality:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:133A7E140DFD6AAD18239A70F7ABE132:519F7D0499B2B53C12DDC6EB7378FDA2" country="Tanzania" latitude="-2.933333" longitude="35.816666" name="Empakai Crater" pageId="0" pageNumber="8286">Empakai Crater</location>
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Type status:
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. Occurrence: catalogNumber:
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; recordNumber: 96; recordedBy:
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="8286">Frame, GW</collectorName>
; Taxon: scientificName: Andropogonamethystinus Steud.; kingdom: Plantae; family: Poaceae; genus: Andropogon; specificEpithet: amethystinus; scientificNameAuthorship: Steud.; Location: continent: Africa; country:
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; stateProvince: Arusha; county: Ngorongoro; locality:
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; verbatimLocality: Empakaai crater, plateau between Jaeger summit and west rim of crater.; minimumElevationInMeters: 3000; decimalLatitude:
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; Record Level: institutionCode:
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</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1973-08-31" collectionCode="EA, Herbarium" collectorName="Terry, PJ" country="Tanzania" latitude="-2.933333" location="Empakai Crater" longitude="35.816666" pageId="0" pageNumber="8286" specimenCode="990" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Other material">
Type status:
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. Occurrence: catalogNumber:
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; recordNumber: 1959; recordedBy:
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="8286">Terry, PJ</collectorName>
; Taxon: scientificName: Andropogonamethystinus Steud.; kingdom: Plantae; family: Poaceae; genus: Andropogon; specificEpithet: amethystinus; scientificNameAuthorship: Steud.; Location: continent: Africa; country:
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="8286">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
; stateProvince: Arusha; county: Ngorongoro; locality:
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; Event: eventDate:
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Type status:
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. Occurrence: catalogNumber:
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; recordNumber: P7; recordedBy:
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; Taxon: scientificName: Andropogonamethystinus Steud.; kingdom: Plantae; family: Poaceae; genus: Andropogon; specificEpithet: amethystinus; scientificNameAuthorship: Steud.; Location: continent: Africa; country:
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; stateProvince: Arusha; county: Ngorongoro; locality:
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Type status:
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. Occurrence: catalogNumber:
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; Taxon: scientificName: Andropogonamethystinus Steud.; kingdom: Plantae; family: Poaceae; genus: Andropogon; specificEpithet: amethystinus; scientificNameAuthorship: Steud.; Location: continent: Africa; country:
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Type status:
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. Occurrence: catalogNumber:
<specimenCode pageId="0" pageNumber="8286">1103</specimenCode>
; recordNumber: P2; recordedBy:
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="8286">Frame, GW</collectorName>
; Taxon: scientificName: Andropogonamethystinus Steud.; kingdom: Plantae; family: Poaceae; genus: Andropogon; specificEpithet: amethystinus; scientificNameAuthorship: Steud.; Location: continent: Africa; country:
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="8286">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
; stateProvince: Arusha; county: Ngorongoro; locality:
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; verbatimLocality: top of South rim.; minimumElevationInMeters: 2900; decimalLatitude:
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; decimalLongitude:
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; Event: eventDate:
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; Record Level: institutionCode:
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</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1973-03-15" collectionCode="NHT, Herbarium" collectorName="Frame, GW" country="Tanzania" latitude="-2.933333" location="Empakai Crater" longitude="35.816666" pageId="0" pageNumber="8286" specimenCode="1104" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Other material">
Type status:
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. Occurrence: catalogNumber:
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; Taxon: scientificName: Andropogonamethystinus Steud.; kingdom: Plantae; family: Poaceae; genus: Andropogon; specificEpithet: amethystinus; scientificNameAuthorship: Steud.; Location: continent: Africa; country:
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="8286">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="1973-08-31" collectionCode="NHT, Herbarium" collectorName="Terry, PJ" country="Tanzania" latitude="-2.933333" location="Empakai Crater" longitude="35.816666" pageId="0" pageNumber="8286" specimenCode="1105" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Other material">
Type status:
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. Occurrence: catalogNumber:
<specimenCode pageId="0" pageNumber="8286">1105</specimenCode>
; recordNumber: 1959; recordedBy:
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="8286">Terry, PJ</collectorName>
; Taxon: scientificName: Andropogonamethystinus Steud.; kingdom: Plantae; family: Poaceae; genus: Andropogon; specificEpithet: amethystinus; scientificNameAuthorship: Steud.; Location: continent: Africa; country:
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; stateProvince: Arusha; county: Ngorongoro; locality:
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; verbatimLocality: West of Arusha. Empakaai crater; minimumElevationInMeters: 2900; decimalLatitude:
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; decimalLongitude:
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; Event: eventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="8286" value="1973-08-31">1973-08-31</collectingDate>
; Record Level: institutionCode:
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; collectionCode:
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; ownerInstitutionCode: NHT; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="8286" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="8286">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="8286">Tropical Africa, Yemen, India &amp; Myanmar</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

186
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<mods:title id="23BB255A8311B85B824AA562B4E2809C">A new felt scale genus Macroporicoccus gen. n. (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae) from China, with a redescription of Macroporicoccus ulmi (Tang &amp; Hao) comb. n.</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="9B2C36B68148CF5BFF56FD44021FFCD7" blockId="2.[151,594,746,772]" box="[151,594,746,772]" pageId="2" pageNumber="172">
<heading id="C06481DA8148CF5BFF56FD44021FFCD7" bold="true" box="[151,594,746,772]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="172" reason="1">
<emphasis id="A9E7EAA48148CF5BFF56FD44021FFCD7" bold="true" box="[151,594,746,772]" pageId="2" pageNumber="172">
<taxonomicName id="5C934D358148CF5BFF56FD4401B5FCD7" authority="Nan &amp; Wu" authorityName="Nan &amp; Deng &amp; Wu" authorityYear="2013" box="[151,504,746,772]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Macroporicoccus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="A9E7EAA48148CF5BFF56FD440124FCD7" bold="true" box="[151,361,746,772]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="172">Macroporicoccus</emphasis>
Nan &amp; Wu
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B2D457DF8148CF5BFDC1FD44021FFCD7" box="[512,594,746,772]" pageId="2" pageNumber="172" rank="genus">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D389653D8148CF5BFF56FC8202E0FC91" box="[151,685,812,834]" pageId="2" pageNumber="172" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9B2C36B68148CF5BFF56FC8202E0FC91" blockId="2.[151,685,812,834]" box="[151,685,812,834]" pageId="2" pageNumber="172">
<typeStatus id="442888148148CF5BFF56FC820084FC92" box="[151,201,812,833]" pageId="2" pageNumber="172">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="5C934D358148CF5BFEE7FC8202E7FC91" authority="Tang &amp; Hao, 1995" authorityName="Tang &amp; Hao" authorityYear="1995" box="[294,682,812,834]" class="Tremellomycetes" family="Tremellaceae" genus="Cryptococcus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Tremellales" pageId="2" pageNumber="172" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ulmi">
<emphasis id="A9E7EAA48148CF5BFEE7FC8201A9FC91" box="[294,484,812,834]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="172">Cryptococcus ulmi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FF024B478148CF5BFE2BFC8202E7FC91" author="Tang, F. D. &amp; Hao, J. J." box="[490,682,812,834]" pageId="2" pageNumber="172" refId="ref4846" refString="Tang, F. D. &amp; Hao, J. J. (1995) The Margarodidae and others of China (Homoptera: Coccoidea of Insecta). Chinese Agricultural Science Technology Press, Beijing, 738 pp." type="book" year="1995">Tang &amp; Hao, 1995</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
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<subSubSection id="D389653D8148CF5BFF56FCC70358FAE1" pageId="2" pageNumber="172" type="description">
<paragraph id="9B2C36B68148CF5BFF56FCC7027FFBAE" blockId="2.[151,1437,873,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis id="A9E7EAA48148CF5BFF56FCC70164FC51" bold="true" box="[151,297,873,898]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="172" reason="1">Description.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="A9E7EAA48148CF5BFEEEFCC701F0FC52" box="[303,445,873,897]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="172">Adult female</emphasis>
: Body in life subglobular, orange-red, covered by a white ovisac. On slide, body circular or ovate. Antennae reduced, 6-segmented. Mouthparts developed, labium 3-segmented. Thoracic spiracles each with a group of disc pores, each with 3 or 5 loculi, near opening. Legs much reduced, only distal part of tarsus and complete claw visible; each claw with a denticle, hind legs each located on a pore plate. Anal ring circular or oval, with 6 short setae and no pores. Anal lobes indistinct. Macrotubular ducts with a cup-shaped invagination, present on both sides of body except ventral middle area. Microtubular ducts present on dorsum and margin of venter. Quinquelocular pores mainly present ventrally. Macrodisc pores present on dorsum and margin of venter. Setae small, sparsely distributed on venter.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9B2C36B68148CF5BFF06FB240358FAE1" blockId="2.[151,1437,873,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis id="A9E7EAA48148CF5BFF06FB2401D3FB72" box="[199,414,1161,1185]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="172">First-instar nymph</emphasis>
: In life, body bright yellow. Body on slide oval. Antennae 6-segmented. Eyes present. Mouthparts and legs well developed. Anal ring circular, with 6 setae and without pores. Anal lobes each with one long and one short flagellate seta. Macrotubular and microtubular ducts absent. Quinquelocular disc pores present on ventral abdominal segments and near spiracles. Macrodisc pores distributed on dorsal surface. Setae present, forming transverse or longitudinal rows on body surface.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D389653D8148CF5BFF06FA930092F869" pageId="2" pageNumber="172" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9B2C36B68148CF5BFF06FA930497F981" blockId="2.[151,1437,873,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis id="A9E7EAA48148CF5BFF06FA930177FA85" bold="true" box="[199,314,1341,1366]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="172" reason="1">Remarks.</emphasis>
Adult females of
<taxonomicName id="5C934D358148CF5BFDDBFA900320FA86" authority="Nan &amp; Wu" authorityName="Nan &amp; Deng &amp; Wu" authorityYear="2013" box="[538,877,1341,1366]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Macroporicoccus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="A9E7EAA48148CF5BFDDBFA900291FA86" box="[538,732,1342,1365]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="172">Macroporicoccus</emphasis>
Nan &amp; Wu
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B2D457DF8148CF5BFCBAFA900386FA86" box="[891,971,1342,1366]" pageId="2" pageNumber="172" rank="genus">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
can be easily distinguished from other eriococcid genera due to the presence of macrodisc pores, which occur throughout the dorsum and ventral margin of
<taxonomicName id="5C934D358148CF5BFF56FA2800A4FA4E" box="[151,233,1413,1437]" class="Tremellomycetes" family="Tremellaceae" genus="Cryptococcus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Tremellales" pageId="2" pageNumber="172" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ulmi">
<emphasis id="A9E7EAA48148CF5BFF56FA2800A4FA4E" box="[151,233,1413,1437]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="172">C. ulmi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="FF024B478148CF5BFF39FA2801A5FA4D" author="Tang, F. D. &amp; Hao, J. J." box="[248,488,1413,1438]" pageId="2" pageNumber="172" refId="ref4846" refString="Tang, F. D. &amp; Hao, J. J. (1995) The Margarodidae and others of China (Homoptera: Coccoidea of Insecta). Chinese Agricultural Science Technology Press, Beijing, 738 pp." type="book" year="1995">Tang and Hao (1995)</bibRefCitation>
described this
<typeStatus id="442888148148CF5BFD53FA28028FFA4D" box="[658,706,1414,1438]" pageId="2" pageNumber="172">type</typeStatus>
of pore as a macroduct, but they noticed also that it was a rather large disc pore;
<bibRefCitation id="FF024B478148CF5BFE89FA04018DFA11" author="Wu, S. A." box="[328,448,1449,1474]" pageId="2" pageNumber="172" pagination="251 - 256" refId="ref5140" refString="Wu, S. A. (2000) Descriptions of male and immature stages of Cryptococcus ulmi Tang et Hao (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae) with brief notes on its biology. Entomotaxonomia, 22 (4), 251 - 256." type="journal article" year="2000">Wu (2000)</bibRefCitation>
referred to it as a macrodisc pore and described it as a kind of large invaginated pore. As this pore is markedly larger than the simple pores in other Coccoidea (usually 2–3 µm in diameter), we consider the term macrodisc pore to be most appropriate. However, after SEM study, we can confirm that it is a simple closed pore (
<bibRefCitation id="FF024B478148CF5BFF17F9BB0117F9FD" author="Foldi, I." box="[214,346,1557,1582]" pageId="2" pageNumber="172" pagination="91 - 109" refId="ref4346" refString="Foldi, I. (1997) Ultrastructure of integumentary glands. In: Ben-Dov, Y. &amp; Hodgson, C. J., (Eds), Soft Scale Insects: Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control, Vol. 7 A. Elsevier, Amsterdam &amp; New York, pp. 91 - 109." type="book chapter" year="1997">Foldi, 1997</bibRefCitation>
), about 10 µm in diameter, with a narrow rim and a weakly convex surface (
<figureCitation id="03A82A338148CF5BFB61F9BB04BCF9FD" box="[1184,1265,1557,1582]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–20" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1934,1957]" captionTargetBox="[236,1360,195,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-63@8.[236,1360,195,1908]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 13–20. Scanning electron micrographs of some features of adult female Macroporicoccus ulmi (Tang &amp; Hao). 13. fore leg (×3,000); 14. middle leg (×3,200); 15. hind leg (×3,000); 16. pore plate (×1,500); 17. anal ring (×2,000); 18. vulva (×1,000); 19. macrotubular duct (×5,000); 20. macrodisc pore (×5,000)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267335/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="172">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="03A82A338148CF5BFB3DF9BB0556F9FD" box="[1276,1307,1557,1582]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–22" captionStartId="9.[151,264,693,716]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,669]" captionTargetId="figure-442@9.[151,1436,195,669]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 21–22. Scanning electron micrographs of some features of adult female Macroporicoccus ulmi (Tang &amp; Hao). 21. macrodisc pore (×5,000); 22. ventral seta (×5,000)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267339" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267339/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="172">21</figureCitation>
); it secretes long solid wax filaments, which make up the outline of the ovisac (
<figureCitation id="03A82A338148CF5BFCBFF997038DF981" box="[894,960,1593,1618]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,249,1792,1814]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1118,1771]" captionTargetId="figure-539@5.[151,1436,1118,1771]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Adult female Macroporicoccus ulmi (Tang &amp; Hao) in crevices of Ulmus pumila, Beijing of China (San-An Wu)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267323/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="172">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
) (Wu, unpublished data).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9B2C36B68148CF5BFF06F9F00092F869" blockId="2.[151,1437,873,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="172">
<taxonomicName id="5C934D358148CF5BFF06F9F0012CF9A6" box="[199,353,1630,1653]" class="Tremellomycetes" family="Tremellaceae" genus="Cryptococcus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Tremellales" pageId="2" pageNumber="172" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A9E7EAA48148CF5BFF06F9F0012CF9A6" box="[199,353,1630,1653]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="172">Cryptococcus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5C934D358148CF5BFEB3F9F00210F9A5" authority="Cockerell" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1903" box="[370,605,1629,1654]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Kuwanina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A9E7EAA48148CF5BFEB3F9F001A8F9A6" box="[370,485,1630,1653]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="172">Kuwanina</emphasis>
Cockerell
</taxonomicName>
and the new genus
<taxonomicName id="5C934D358148CF5BFC8DF9F0045CF9A6" authorityName="Nan &amp; Deng &amp; Wu" authorityYear="2013" box="[844,1041,1630,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Macroporicoccus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A9E7EAA48148CF5BFC8DF9F0045CF9A6" box="[844,1041,1630,1653]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="172">Macroporicoccus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
live in crevices in the trunks and branches, and have many similar morphological characters. The shared features of the adult female are: (1) body subglobular covered by a white ovisac; (2) antennae reduced; (3) legs absent or reduced to tubercles, hind legs always replaced by pore-plates or vestigial flaps; and (4) anal lobes absent (
<bibRefCitation id="FF024B478148CF5BFC3FF96704FDF931" author="Williams, D. J." box="[1022,1200,1737,1762]" pageId="2" pageNumber="172" pagination="347 - 393" refId="ref5096" refString="Williams, D. J. (1985) The British and some other European Eriococcidae (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology Ser., 51 (4), 347 - 393." type="journal article" year="1985">Williams, 1985</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FF024B478148CF5BFB7FF96405DAF931" author="Tang, F. D. &amp; Hao, J. J." box="[1214,1431,1737,1762]" pageId="2" pageNumber="172" refId="ref4846" refString="Tang, F. D. &amp; Hao, J. J. (1995) The Margarodidae and others of China (Homoptera: Coccoidea of Insecta). Chinese Agricultural Science Technology Press, Beijing, 738 pp." type="book" year="1995">Tang &amp; Hao, 1995</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FF024B478148CF5BFF56F9400145F8D5" author="Wu, S. A." box="[151,264,1773,1798]" pageId="2" pageNumber="172" pagination="251 - 256" refId="ref5140" refString="Wu, S. A. (2000) Descriptions of male and immature stages of Cryptococcus ulmi Tang et Hao (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae) with brief notes on its biology. Entomotaxonomia, 22 (4), 251 - 256." type="journal article" year="2000">Wu, 2000</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FF024B478148CF5BFED4F9430194F8D5" author="Henderson, R. C." box="[277,473,1773,1798]" pageId="2" pageNumber="172" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref4572" refString="Henderson, R. C. (2007) Three new genera and six new species of felt scales (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae) from mountain habitats in New Zealand. Zootaxa, 1449, 1 - 29." type="journal article" year="2007">Henderson, 2007</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FF024B478148CF5BFE27F94002EBF8D5" author="Wu, S. A. &amp; Liu, J." box="[486,678,1773,1798]" pageId="2" pageNumber="172" pagination="221 - 223" refId="ref5186" refString="Wu, S. A. &amp; Liu, J. (2009) A new species of the genus Kuwanina from China (Hemiptera, Coccoidea, Eriococcidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 34 (2), 221 - 223." type="journal article" year="2009">Wu &amp; Liu, 2009</bibRefCitation>
). However, adult female
<taxonomicName id="5C934D358148CF5BFC02F940047BF8D6" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1903" box="[963,1078,1774,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Kuwanina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A9E7EAA48148CF5BFC02F940047BF8D6" box="[963,1078,1774,1797]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="172">Kuwanina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
apparently differ from those of other two genera in the absence of macrotubular ducts (
<taxonomicName id="5C934D358148CF5BFCD7F8BC0395F8F9" authority="Brittin" authorityName="Brittin" authorityYear="1915" box="[790,984,1809,1834]" class="Tremellomycetes" family="Tremellaceae" genus="Cryptococcus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Tremellales" pageId="2" pageNumber="172" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="nudata">
<emphasis id="A9E7EAA48148CF5BFCD7F8BC03CAF8FA" box="[790,903,1809,1833]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="172">C. nudata</emphasis>
Brittin
</taxonomicName>
is an exception) and in the presence of unique invaginated 5-locular disc pores (
<bibRefCitation id="FF024B478148CF5BFDB4F89B0367F89D" author="Williams, D. J." box="[629,810,1845,1870]" pageId="2" pageNumber="172" pagination="347 - 393" refId="ref5096" refString="Williams, D. J. (1985) The British and some other European Eriococcidae (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology Ser., 51 (4), 347 - 393." type="journal article" year="1985">Williams, 1985</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FF024B478148CF5BFCFAF89B044EF89D" author="Henderson, R. C." box="[827,1027,1845,1870]" pageId="2" pageNumber="172" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref4572" refString="Henderson, R. C. (2007) Three new genera and six new species of felt scales (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae) from mountain habitats in New Zealand. Zootaxa, 1449, 1 - 29." type="journal article" year="2007">Henderson, 2007</bibRefCitation>
). As indicated above, adult female
<taxonomicName id="5C934D358148CF5BFF56F8F40111F8A2" authorityName="Nan &amp; Deng &amp; Wu" authorityYear="2013" box="[151,348,1882,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Macroporicoccus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A9E7EAA48148CF5BFF56F8F40111F8A2" box="[151,348,1882,1905]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="172">Macroporicoccus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ from
<taxonomicName id="5C934D358148CF5BFE26F8F402CCF8A2" box="[487,641,1882,1905]" class="Tremellomycetes" family="Tremellaceae" genus="Cryptococcus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Tremellales" pageId="2" pageNumber="172" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A9E7EAA48148CF5BFE26F8F402CCF8A2" box="[487,641,1882,1905]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="172">Cryptococcus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the presence of macrodisc pores. In addition,
<taxonomicName id="5C934D358148CF5BFB6BF8F40522F8A2" authorityName="Nan &amp; Deng &amp; Wu" authorityYear="2013" box="[1194,1391,1882,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Macroporicoccus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A9E7EAA48148CF5BFB6BF8F40522F8A2" box="[1194,1391,1882,1905]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="172">Macroporicoccus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has 6-segmented antennae whereas
<taxonomicName id="5C934D358148CF5BFE3BF8D002D9F846" box="[506,660,1918,1941]" class="Tremellomycetes" family="Tremellaceae" genus="Cryptococcus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Tremellales" pageId="2" pageNumber="172" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A9E7EAA48148CF5BFE3BF8D002D9F846" box="[506,660,1918,1941]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="172">Cryptococcus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has 1–4-segmented antennae (
<bibRefCitation id="FF024B478148CF5BFC2AF8D3054DF845" author="Kosztarab, M. &amp; Hale, D. L." box="[1003,1280,1917,1942]" pageId="2" pageNumber="172" pagination="7 - 11" refId="ref4613" refString="Kosztarab, M. &amp; Hale, D. L. (1968) A new Cryptococcus species from North America, with a key to the species of the genus (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Virginia Journal of Science, 19, 7 - 11." type="journal article" year="1968">Kosztarab &amp; Hale, 1968</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FF024B478148CF5BFACAF8D0009EF869" author="Tang, F. D. &amp; Hao, J. J." pageId="2" pageNumber="172" refId="ref4846" refString="Tang, F. D. &amp; Hao, J. J. (1995) The Margarodidae and others of China (Homoptera: Coccoidea of Insecta). Chinese Agricultural Science Technology Press, Beijing, 738 pp." type="book" year="1995">Tang &amp; Hao, 1995</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D389653D8148CF5BFF06F86B042EF80E" box="[199,1123,1989,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="172" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="9B2C36B68148CF5BFF06F86B042EF80E" blockId="2.[151,1437,873,2014]" box="[199,1123,1989,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis id="A9E7EAA48148CF5BFF06F86B0103F80D" bold="true" box="[199,334,1989,2014]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="172" reason="1">Etymology.</emphasis>
The new genus name means those scale insects with macrodisc pores.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:role>
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lehtinen, Pekka T</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Bergsten, Johannes</mods:namePart>
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<mods:role>
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="36094">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="36094">
Norway (
<bibRefCitation author="Oudemans, A. C." journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Berrichten Amsterdam" pageId="0" pageNumber="36094" pagination="257 - 263" title="Acarologische Aanteekeningen. LXXXVIII." volume="7" year="1927">Oudemans 1927</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="36094" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="36094">Notes</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="36094">
Only single record in literature (
<bibRefCitation author="Oudemans, A. C." journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Berrichten Amsterdam" pageId="0" pageNumber="36094" pagination="257 - 263" title="Acarologische Aanteekeningen. LXXXVIII." volume="7" year="1927">Oudemans 1927</bibRefCitation>
) and no recent occurrences since then. Identification questionable.
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Figs 34164-166307
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Haltitarsus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haltitarsus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">=Haltitarsus</taxonomicName>
Berthold in Latreille 1827 (synonymy reported by
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)
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">References.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<bibRefCitation author="Latreille, PA" journalOrPublisher="Deterville Libraire, Paris" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" title="Les crustaces, les arachnides et les insectes distribues en familles naturelles, ouvrage formant les tomes 4 et 5 de celui de M. Le Baron Cuvier sur le regne animale (deuxieme edition), vol. 1." year="1829">Latreille 1829</bibRefCitation>
: 155; Berthold in Latreille 1827: 401;
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: 598;
<bibRefCitation pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Weise 1926</bibRefCitation>
: 24 (as
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);
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: 485;
<bibRefCitation pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bechyné">Bechyne</normalizedToken>
1960b
</bibRefCitation>
: 101;
<bibRefCitation pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
Biondi and
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Alessandro">D'Alessandro</normalizedToken>
2010a
</bibRefCitation>
: 406.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="type species">
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Dibolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dibolia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dibolia</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Haltica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haltica occultans" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occultans">Haltica occultans</taxonomicName>
Koch, 1803: 22 (Europe), by subsequent designation by
<bibRefCitation pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chûjô">Chujo</normalizedToken>
(1936
</bibRefCitation>
: 84).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Sub-Saharan Africa (absent in Madagascar); Nearctic, Neotropical and Palaearctic regions (Fig. 307).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
A genus associated mainly with plants in the family
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, but also with plants in the Scrophulariceae,
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and Apicaeae (cf.
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).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">About twenty species in Sub-Saharan Africa.</paragraph>
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="3F12FBD85072BABE0AFAE10CEB17D62C">Murray, Anna</mods:namePart>
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<mods:part id="4F9E410B6838DC3C8DA91D925353FC3E">
<mods:date id="71ECB71FF5486B3BB577F44C2D94FEC4">2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="B40EBA6E0AD7653741FC3DB67F470554" type="volume">
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<mods:url id="EBC6254E59B37F3448E3C3A0F96A3A7C">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.622.9420</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="8FB6052868C5711C21FE4EA3E3F3206E">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="EA425A6B3F06426DAE2CF0665E770A27" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.622.9420</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="133ADA2618ED75B8794B4D003B4C3540" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127876639" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:133ADA2618ED75B8794B4D003B4C3540" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/133ADA2618ED75B8794B4D003B4C3540" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<subSubSection id="C14806C9ABF3B4AAF77926471BA3A908" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="E0E91AEE938F622954E9F498667EA3FE" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Taxon classification Animalia Sabellida Sabellidae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="649753BDCAE1DA6EAF83FFD3147C1DDA" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="4DCB74B4E1BA3DD7A9472B4955CC6EFD" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="E6579486FEF6EE1F82CADE8B227781CC" ID-CoL="4NQ8B" authority="Tovar-Hernandez &amp; Dean, 2014" authorityName="Tovar-Hernandez &amp; Dean" authorityYear="2014" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Pseudobranchiomma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudobranchiomma schizogenica" order="Sabellida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="schizogenica">
Pseudobranchiomma cf. schizogenica
<normalizedToken id="4F8541F82E4F8010C8DFD4B92DA5CB79" originalValue="Tovar-Hernández">Tovar-Hernandez</normalizedToken>
&amp; Dean, 2014
</taxonomicName>
Figures 3
<normalizedToken id="62940AD7DD0ECC204802107B5C1A60B7" originalValue="U–Z">U-Z</normalizedToken>
, A1, 8, 9, 10
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="65226BE5494F68196C3CC7FE7DDCFA36" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="982AE00589EB50498E30BAB95E49B646" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="A11EE94C8028F88AD169B5F8D37A495C" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Pseudobranchiomma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudobranchiomma schizogenica" order="Sabellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="schizogenica">
<pageBreakToken id="FA5ABC5689487F6BE32D2DCA39ADA565" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" start="start">Pseudobranchiomma</pageBreakToken>
schizogenica
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="6F8DC2FC4C07B8D16A5E2BD26350C76E" originalValue="Tovar-Hernández">Tovar-Hernandez</normalizedToken>
&amp; Dean, 2014: 936-945, figs 1-5.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F64E51803BB6F89B188B11A088A8021E" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="E56E5814E42C6BCE05B3D9FA83D89C7D" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F85881F665C6D812ACA9F90E213B893" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Australia: Queensland: AM W.36369 (1 spec.), Heron Island, Sykes Reef,
<geoCoordinate id="190963FC23A090E5E8AD44B6257632FF" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-23.432499">23°25'57&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="343C1290C9597955A44FD3C3A86C6418" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="152.03389">152°02'02&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, coral rubble, 15 m, 13 Nov 2009; AM W.36368 (1 spec.), Heron Island, First Point,
<geoCoordinate id="8FDB87634EA89546A26CEF026C4C9222" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-23.432222">23°25'56&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="972E4DCE104C8F53EE734D3B50FC9065" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="151.93388">151°56'02&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, coral rubble, 13 m, 12 Nov 2009; AM W.36364 (1 spec.), Sykes Reef,
<geoCoordinate id="DC7B52BD756332B9F1A6D52BC701B337" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-23.432499">23°25'57&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="2565ABB6B0EE9D3DFE82E3A8B6A6189F" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="152.03389">152°02'02&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, coral rubble, 15 m, 13 Nov 2009; AM W.37753 (2 specs) same locality and date; AM W.32676 (1 spec.) Abbott Point, near Bowen,
<geoCoordinate id="8C9F654C19DCFBC6C7FD93ABBC339E29" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-19.883333">19°53'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="B5F21E0CE6AFE6B661966D5A263E38F3" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="148.08333">148°05'E</geoCoordinate>
, pylon scraping, 8 Jun 1998;
<pageBreakToken id="74A98EB9255F167A85A27CC68BDF76E2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" start="start">W</pageBreakToken>
.36978 (1 spec. used for sequencing), Lizard Island, MacGillivray Reef, deep reef slope,
<geoCoordinate id="519872DF59B5B2E3A53A20FF630DA4EB" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-14.656944">14°39'25&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="6BEB81D9AAD24C581BFD32F8CA05A03F" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="145.47276">145°28'22&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, coral rubble, 30 m, 4 Sep 2010; AM W.41160 (1 spec.), Reef 14-141 south of South Direction Island,
<geoCoordinate id="466908843BE16FBFC6A7BD94EE402805" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-14.708611">14°42'31&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="B707E297E4A6577F6314ADEDE71D6B18" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="145.53139">145°31'53&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, in coarse coral rubble, 15 m, 26 Aug 2010; AM W. AM W.43938 (&gt;25 specs), south east of Lizard Island, reef on north west side of North Direction Island,
<geoCoordinate id="4AE2EE2C635B31910B6920AE3BFE6821" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-14.743334">14°44'36&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="A9379A5B3EC4F30B4C1FC3D160066BDB" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="145.50555">145°30'20&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, from sand, 10 m, 15 Aug 2013; AM W. 47698 (1 spec.), Lizard Island group, reef on north eastern side of South Island,
<geoCoordinate id="F3BBA559A6E65E5B0DDC6251EAF5E48E" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-14.703611">14°42'13&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="2140CEFC21445135F027FED1FC183FB1" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="145.46028">145°27'37&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, coral rubble, 5-12 m, 21 Aug 2013. Northern Territory: AM W.37754 (3 specs) Darwin, Lee Point,
<geoCoordinate id="8FAD84C40DBFAF3AF1EB22307447C6D0" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-12.333333">12°20.0'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4A53CC4250FB7E5084D1431BF3FEB099" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="130.97166">130°58.3'E</geoCoordinate>
, dead coral washings, 3 m, 11 Jun 1993; ex NTM W017392 (10 specs), Darwin Harbour, Iron Ore Wharf,
<geoCoordinate id="C18BF10BB16009AD686B6B8FCA84DB27" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-12.4725">12°28'21&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="F0AEBB0BB3B22098EA37814A432DE478" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="130.84277">130°50'34&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, scrapings from wharf pile, 5-10 m, 1998, originally identified as
<taxonomicName id="CE4FB5813B03EBC4A8AF93125B0AD415" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Pseudobranchiomma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudobranchiomma orientalis" order="Sabellida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="orientalis">Pseudobranchiomma orientalis</taxonomicName>
; NTM W017392 (part, 2 specs), Darwin Harbour, Iron Ore Wharf,
<geoCoordinate id="2F5F32580432C5DD6772D637FDA6961D" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-12.4725">12°28'21&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="2B2C3577B961E4F92DC4E5CB3E61D91C" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="130.84277">130°50'34&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, scrapings from wharf pile, 7 m,16 Aug 1998, originally identified as
<taxonomicName id="AF04DED0AB96F54418AF9307A161A076" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Pseudobranchiomma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudobranchiomma" order="Sabellida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Pseudobranchiomma</taxonomicName>
cf.
<taxonomicName id="EB24168925019D29431AA1B62E0C0076" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Pseudobranchiomma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudobranchiomma emersoni" order="Sabellida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="emersoni">Pseudobranchiomma emersoni</taxonomicName>
. Western Australia: AM W.37756 (13 specs) Ningaloo Reef,
<geoCoordinate id="C67F670EFD4BE1EE17B86457640AA708" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-22.755278">22°45'19&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="D9E63814EA6C18DB8210054CEF16AD49" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="113.711105">113°42'40&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, sponge and bryozoa, 15-17 m, 19 May 2009; AM W.37757 (3 specs), Ningaloo Reef,
<geoCoordinate id="14AD136FA928A23F76EA9D73C868979D" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-22.755278">22°45'19&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="79CCF0061AD8F0EE2BB58620B40236C6" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="113.711105">113°42'40&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, sandstone, 15-17 m, 19 Jun 2009; NTM W018246 (&gt;50 specs) Ashmore Reef, inner lagoon, encrusting sponges, 15 m, 01 Jun 2002, originally identified as
<taxonomicName id="77A6E1071EC9FF0FAD6DF76EED200011" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Pseudobranchiomma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudobranchiomma orientalis" order="Sabellida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="orientalis">Pseudobranchiomma orientalis</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D7CBDEA834BE7B5A02C011E06EA2E9C7" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="72DB679D32399BACA62A2F21E61D6CAC" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Comparative material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="01FB7E1228EFD91670488ECAA99F07E4" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Hawaii: AM W.35576 (1 spec.), AM W.35577 (1 spec), AM W.35578 (1 spec.), AM W.37206, (1 spec. on SEM pin), AM W.37207 (1 spec. on SEM pin), all from Oahu, Coconut Island,
<geoCoordinate id="362DCE4A9F661EBF2F05664D1CD1F874" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="21.43">21°25'48&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 157°57'43&quot;, epifauna growing on pier, 1 m, 4 Sep 2008.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EF06ECD33DAF02A64D1493BB612E1C0F" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="193EB6B440D335C17C129B2723AA598E" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D4A92DF1E6ECE5173A848DA77F64F8A5" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Three to six pairs of digitiform radiolar serrations evenly distributed along entire length of radioles. Radiolar eyes absent. Thoracic ventral shields and neuropodial tori separated by a gap. Thoracic and abdominal uncini with about four transverse rows of teeth surmounting main fang. Radiolar crown with transverse dark purple and orange bands at base and 4-6 irregular purple bands along radioles. Body pale, or with some purple patches; large interramal eyespots decreasing posteriorly.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3B35B91BAD7E40212ADF1FCB52B2C48C" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="description">
<paragraph id="67F31D1534523367E3B8DA70BCEE70ED" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Description of Australian specimens.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A84B0027AC0591667B8DE48AEEE4AB8" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Specimens range from 3-19 mm long, 0.2-1 mm wide, with 4-7 thoracic and numerous abdominal segments. One complete specimen from AM W.43938 measures 19 mm in length and 1 mm maximum width, including crown 4 mm long, with 6 thoracic and&gt;80 abdominal chaetigers. Body thin and cylindrical. Crown length varies between 1.5 and 4 mm. Radiolar crown lobes semicircular at base, with about nine radioles on each side, connected by basal membrane equivalent to length of at least one thoracic chaetiger (Figs 8D, 9A, B) or 1/8th of radiolar length. Radioles with serrated radiolar flanges, 3-6 digitiform serrations along entire length of radioles (Figs 8C, 9A, G, 10C). Radiolar eyes absent. Pinnules of constant length along radioles, shorter distally; tips of radioles as long as pinnules or shorter. Radioles supported basally by four rows of vacuolated cells. Dorsal lips with tapered dorsal radiolar appendages, about as long as 3-4 thoracic segments (about one third of radiolar crown length), with dorsal lamella attached to base of adjacent radiole (Fig. 9B). Dorsal pinnular appendages absent (Fig. 9B). Ventral lips and parallel
<pageBreakToken id="4AD966AF3E86774BC467DC57BB84F921" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" start="start">lamellae</pageBreakToken>
present, with prominent ventral sacs directed outside of the radiolar crown (Figs 9A, 10B). Collar with dorsal margins separated by wide gap (Figs 8E, 9B, 10D), margins fused to end of first chaetiger; laterally, collar margins smooth, only just reaching junction of crown and thorax (Figs 8E, 9A). Ventral lappets large, sub-triangular, non-overlapping (Figs 8A, B, 9A, 10B). Ventral shields conspicuous (Fig. 8B), first shield trapezoidal, but when stained with methyl green, appears separated into anterior Y-shaped half and posterior W-shaped half; second shield trapezoidal, following shields rectangular. All ventral shields not in contact with or indented by tori. Interramal eyespots conspicuous (Fig. 8A, D). First chaetiger with narrowly hooded chaetae arranged in two rows (Figs 9H, 10E); remaining thoracic chaetigers with about five superior elongate narrowly hooded chaetae and around nine shorter spine-like inferior chaetae (Figs 3X, Y, 9C, J, 10F) with hood as wide as shaft. Neuropodial uncini with about four rows of teeth above main fang (Figs 3U, V, 9D, F, 10G) well-developed
<pageBreakToken id="6A424160093F610D34C46866551BC3D9" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" start="start">breast</pageBreakToken>
and short handle with rounded knob on base (Fig. 3U, V). Abdominal chaetigers with narrowly hooded superior chaetae and spine-like inferior chaetae with hood about half width of shaft (Figs 3Z, A1, 9E, K, 10H). Notopodial uncini very similar to thoracic ones (3W, 9F, L, 10I). Pygidium bilobed.
</paragraph>
<caption id="4ED8DD25B95E4EFE64BB0A64E5661378" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<paragraph id="06352E9393CD04BEB267B3C66C1D211B" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Figure 8.
<taxonomicName id="0C87AAFB2B1858068A2B7DCE91D70A35" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Pseudobranchiomma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudobranchiomma" order="Sabellida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Pseudobranchiomma</taxonomicName>
cf.
<taxonomicName id="503AE1FD489C4704DD557C69EE9676A8" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Pseudobranchiomma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudobranchiomma schizogenica" order="Sabellida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="schizogenica">Pseudobranchiomma schizogenica</taxonomicName>
. AM W.36368, AM W.36369. Photographs. A Anterior end, lateral view B Detail of base of crown and anterior segments, ventral view C Detail of lateral radiole D Anterior thoracic segments, lateral view E Anterior thoracic segments, dorsal view F Anterior thoracic segments, dorsal view. dra, dorsal radiolar appendages; vl, ventral lappet; vs, ventral sac; white arrows, serrations of radiolar lateral flanges.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="4A966F067019D3A809EF24E2989CF073" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<paragraph id="FC203D1C7030E68A35293AFC7C3D6691" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Figure 9.
<taxonomicName id="6D8725C2B03AC933012B0CCE2FD4D980" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Pseudobranchiomma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudobranchiomma" order="Sabellida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Pseudobranchiomma</taxonomicName>
cf.
<taxonomicName id="427FD899CEB3D6690D01E40745A22330" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Pseudobranchiomma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudobranchiomma schizogenica" order="Sabellida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="schizogenica">Pseudobranchiomma schizogenica</taxonomicName>
. Scanning electron micrographs.
<normalizedToken id="20C27C3CAAE2F42C1EAF67338A8F3201" originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
specimen from Queensland AM W.37205
<normalizedToken id="E8B136354FEF67DB231E5D86E9B3A97C" originalValue="G–L">G-L</normalizedToken>
specimen from Western Australia AM W.37203. A Whole specimen, lateral view B Base of crown, dorsal view with dorsal lips and radiolar appendages C Notopodia, second thoracic segment D Uncini, third thoracic segment E Posterior abdominal neurochaetae F Uncini, posterior abdominal segment G Detail of lateral radiole with serrations in flanges H Notopodia, first thoracic segment I Uncini, fifth thoracic segment J Notopodia fourth thoracic segment K Neuropodia, mid abdominal chaetigers L Posterior abdominal uncini. Scale bars: A = 200
<normalizedToken id="C009DECBE5231F69493FDCFE6862FB0F" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
; B, G = 100
<normalizedToken id="885EDAAC4F4094B3D71E0B3DFC35BC5F" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
; C = 20
<normalizedToken id="CB2BCB162CA1666F422D25DA446DA376" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
; D, F, I, L = 2
<normalizedToken id="0BCD4D1E129D429390DA0545057F946C" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
; E, H, J, K = 10
<normalizedToken id="DFE3596E2279847878E95A9ADAAEA53E" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="BE1E8BF228300CDEF067058C7DC9B0B1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<paragraph id="6F270ECD2A9F7018E644A08AB60165DB" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Figure 10.
<taxonomicName id="589D4A3328013F2EA892EF957E180206" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Pseudobranchiomma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudobranchiomma" order="Sabellida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Pseudobranchiomma</taxonomicName>
cf.
<taxonomicName id="14027DE47D0186A4688423461A7C1991" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Pseudobranchiomma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudobranchiomma schizogenica" order="Sabellida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="schizogenica">Pseudobranchiomma schizogenica</taxonomicName>
from Hawaii AM W.37206, AM W.37207: Scanning electron micrographs. A Detail of radiolar flanges serrations B Base of crown and anterior segments, ventral view C Lateral radioles D Anterior segments, dorsal view E Notopodia, first thoracic segment F Notopodia, second thoracic segment G Uncini, third thoracic segment H Neuropodia, posterior abdominal segment I Posterior abdominal uncini J Posterior end, ventral view (pygidium regenerating) K Posterior end, dorsal view. vl, ventral lappets; vs, ventral sac. Scale bars: A = 20
<normalizedToken id="0AF2497402F0DBB017AC4D6BCAC00CDD" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
; B, C, J, K = 100
<normalizedToken id="1A67C7028B509089610C5E7EACC23272" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
; D = 200
<normalizedToken id="3EE92B68AD273B4FA265B47D89E351D3" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
; E, H = 10
<normalizedToken id="60001300698A0339B634379C695E6A2C" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
; F = 20
<normalizedToken id="A70F2A2DDEECBA0DC5A3213333846BE1" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
; G, I = 2
<normalizedToken id="FEA578CABC89697BB4D9E44B98C9DA9E" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="290CEAE4C9C3EE50FAD04410E52F4755" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="colour pattern">
<paragraph id="028926297D24223B7A7951328F5DCFD9" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<pageBreakToken id="4C14B72C65A3A7942107109DC2561142" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" start="start">Colour</pageBreakToken>
pattern.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="661FB21AB3FF8E3FB7BBB4F7272F8C79" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Body pale with large interramal eyespots (Fig. 8A), decreasing in size gradually towards posterior; small dark purple pigment spots sparsely distributed (Fig. 8A, B, E) over entire body. Some specimens have purple patches on ventral shields as well as further along ventrum and dorsum. Crown with purple pigmentation in basal membrane (Fig. 8
<normalizedToken id="431DB118A86527289730941E29F3589A" originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
), above which there is a pale band followed by dark purple and orange bands (Fig. 8
<normalizedToken id="2196471564E2446DC82B2D8D0E55D019" originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
). Pairs of dark purple pigment spots on outer edge of radioles form 4-6 distinct bands along length of radioles (Fig. 8
<normalizedToken id="9AF4941BAD9C961B2CEBF6799EDAF11F" originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
), coinciding with number of serrations along radioles. On some radioles pigmentation extends to base of one or two pinnules. Dorsal margins of collar (Fig. 8E) and ventral lappets (Fig. 8B) have some purple pigmen
<pageBreakToken id="C891E0893B169D7754EC44B3B29E22B3" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" start="start">tation</pageBreakToken>
. Preserved specimens usually pale with few brown patches on collar and lappets, crowns with some bands of brown pigment, and may have brown longitudinal lines on base of crown. Conspicuous interramal eyespots are maintained after preservation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1DB8218798F19FC437F98B4855B4AA25" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="36873523FA67DDABD51DF04A87A553E8" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D531B869464BDC0DAE0B998515A69814" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
This species, originally described from the Gulf of California, is characterised by having radioles with short and digitiform serrations along the entire radiolar length, ventral shield of collar trapezoidal and divided into two halves, thoracic superior chaetae and abdominal chaetae with hoods narrower than shafts and thoracic inferior chaetae spine-like with hoods as wide as shafts (
<bibRefCitation id="8B1456D2BD3CB339D4647D03E5DD9D0F" author="Tovar-Hernandez, MA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="935 - 946" title="A new gregarious sabellid worm from the Gulf of California reproducing by spontaneous fission (Polychaeta, Sabellidae)." url="10.1017/S0025315414000186" volume="94" year="2014">
<normalizedToken id="8733E865DCB6AD5B69455276DBB1D77B" originalValue="Tovar-Hernández">Tovar-Hernandez</normalizedToken>
and Dean 2014
</bibRefCitation>
). The specimens found in several localities around the northern Australian coastline and in Hawaii match this diagnosis and additionally share the same colour pattern (four to six repeated pigment units, resembling transverse bands and a wider orange band on the base of radioles) and the number of teeth over the main fang (four). There are, however, some differences between these specimens and the original description of
<taxonomicName id="26F476255AF793B83302480A9A6A4F0F" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Pseudobranchiomma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudobranchiomma schizogenica" order="Sabellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="schizogenica">Pseudobranchiomma schizogenica</taxonomicName>
, including one feature considered to be diagnostic of this species: the lateral margins of the collar, because they are oblique, do not always cover the anterior peristomial ring (Fig. 8E); there are also fewer flange serrations per radiole (up to six) in the Australian specimens, even the largest ones, compared with the Gulf of California specimens (6-11). The specimens also somewhat resemble
<taxonomicName id="B3A53061262CD5E39D4F491DE08A2BD4" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Pseudobranchiomma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudobranchiomma paraemersoni" order="Sabellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="paraemersoni">Pseudobranchiomma paraemersoni</taxonomicName>
Nogueira, Rossi and Lopez, 2006, from Brazil, a species that also shares a similar number of thoracic segments (between 5 and 7), large interramal eyespots, and the typical transverse bands of pigments in radiolar crown, but differs from
<taxonomicName id="95C02511909F0BFFBF1F096061D08EA6" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Pseudobranchiomma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudobranchiomma" order="Sabellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Pseudobranchiomma</taxonomicName>
cf.
<taxonomicName id="7F93D22FCA6D4DF72E8C77D7101B0A9F" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Pseudobranchiomma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudobranchiomma schizogenica" order="Sabellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="schizogenica">Pseudobranchiomma schizogenica</taxonomicName>
by having fewer number of flange serrations per radiole (3-4) and inferior thoracic spine-like chaetae with hood twice as wide as shaft (hood only as wide as shaft in
<taxonomicName id="D7CC6807A402A4FE54EF290C376E6672" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Pseudobranchiomma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudobranchiomma schizogenica" order="Sabellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="schizogenica">Pseudobranchiomma schizogenica</taxonomicName>
). Similarly,
<taxonomicName id="92B858212BE573D0142C1C455301E8D3" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Pseudobranchiomma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudobranchiomma emersoni" order="Sabellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="emersoni">Pseudobranchiomma emersoni</taxonomicName>
shares some features with
<taxonomicName id="C468049F96E71142903BE56441F49DBB" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Pseudobranchiomma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudobranchiomma" order="Sabellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Pseudobranchiomma</taxonomicName>
cf.
<taxonomicName id="6D66269C08BFC63A7E712E892CC8B819" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Pseudobranchiomma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudobranchiomma schizogenica" order="Sabellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="schizogenica">Pseudobranchiomma schizogenica</taxonomicName>
, but differs from it by the irregular branchial crown pigment pattern, the greater number of rows of teeth above main fang in thoracic uncini (5-6), greater number of radioles (14), and the non-differentiated first ventral shield.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B130F300FCF401EB6BFFD37285D9D312" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="ED573C10E63AF0179EADB9A2D13BB86A" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BCA4E69D21EC9A82C7ADF4D5913D97C0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Southern Gulf of California (Mexico), northern Australia and Hawaii. This species is associated with coral rubble and epifauna attached to hard substrates in shallow depths (0-15 m).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>