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data/AD/3D/34/AD3D342D78027D19221918D0FB8CF94D.xml
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<mods:title id="AD7E928F047B33DA08F9A0963CD42FA7">Higher than the others: Bothrops bilineatus (Wied-Neuwied, 1821) (Serpentes: Viperidae) a new altitudinal record and range extension in Bolivia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="53BD82B0A86975310835918B16ED3D68">Quinteros Muñoz, Oliver</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="415841FFA1789927628D944B5F14F6F7">Museo de Historia Natural Alcide d’Orbigny, Casilla 843, Cochabamba, Bolivia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="CD51B611D881C7E0E206DADAAD52EE3F">Marca, Bladimir</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="284BA15FDA7D030CC3B4141CCD303060">Parque Nacional Carrasco, Av. Santa Cruz Nº 1737, Cochabamba, Bolivia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="13B1A46850E40327847382D0BB482F5E">Carpio Real, Rene</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="17B14573D715ADDF9CB1E9F493C52B29">Centro de Biodiversidad y Genética, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Casilla 538, Cochabamba, Bolivia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5AC38120E4D93FD338125C90633D202D">Gómez Murillo, Pedro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D2134ECD1102C7261DC088709F3D6F4E">Museo de Historia Natural Alcide d’Orbigny, Casilla 843, Cochabamba, Bolivia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="DD15984D9B0845418811A6ED2B4504B4">Coaquira, Edwin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2BA9660E2EA36007D9092F85C52250FE">Parque Nacional Carrasco, Av. Santa Cruz Nº 1737, Cochabamba, Bolivia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2C577739698BE7E4BA65080676A56FB1">Espinoza Echeverría, Jorge</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D58E5102C1CD5ABE93585AB9122B178C">Parque Nacional Carrasco, Av. Santa Cruz Nº 1737, Cochabamba, Bolivia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="A1BC446C68B29032D4616606C6E2BA9B">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4BDAABE4BDF9AF992C726AFAA20236CA">2024-12-07</mods:number>
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<treatment id="AD3D342D78027D19221918D0FB8CF94D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD3D342D78027D19221918D0FB8CF94D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AD3D342D78027D19221918D0FB8CF94D" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="635" pageId="1" pageNumber="632">
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<paragraph id="252B853B78027D1C221918D0FCBDFD65" blockId="1.[302,1287,706,2056]" box="[302,865,706,736]" pageId="1" pageNumber="632">
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<taxonomicName id="E294FEB878027D1C221918D0FC80FD65" authority="(Wied-Neuwied, 1821)" baseAuthorityName="Wied-Neuwied" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[302,860,706,736]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bothrops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="632" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bilineatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="17E0592978027D1C221918D0FDC2FD5A" bold="true" box="[302,542,706,735]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="632">Bothrops bilineatus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Wied-Neuwied, 1821)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6D8ED6B078027D1C205C18D0FAD8FA02" pageId="1" pageNumber="632" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="252B853B78027D1C205C18D0FADAFC2D" blockId="1.[302,1287,706,2056]" pageId="1" pageNumber="632">
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||||
is a widely distributed species trough the Amazonian forests of
|
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<collectingCountry id="5D83C5AB78027D1C21D318F8FC99FC82" box="[740,837,746,775]" name="Bolivia" pageId="1" pageNumber="632">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="5D83C5AB78027D1C206518F8FC0AFC82" box="[850,982,746,775]" name="Colombia" pageId="1" pageNumber="632">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
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,
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||||
<collectingCountry id="5D83C5AB78027D1C20D418F8FB8FFC82" box="[995,1107,746,775]" name="Ecuador" pageId="1" pageNumber="632">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
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,
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<collectingCountry id="5D83C5AB78027D1C275718F9FB7DFC82" box="[1120,1185,747,775]" name="Peru" pageId="1" pageNumber="632">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
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<collectingCountry id="5D83C5AB78027D1C279918F8FADDFC82" box="[1198,1281,746,775]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="632">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="5D83C5AB78027D1C22191900FE6AFCAA" box="[302,438,786,815]" name="Venezuela" pageId="1" pageNumber="632">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="5D83C5AB78027D1C22F21901FDF3FCB5" box="[453,559,787,816]" name="Guyana" pageId="1" pageNumber="632">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, French Guiana and
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="5D83C5AB78027D1C207B1900FC11FCAA" box="[844,973,786,815]" name="Suriname" pageId="1" pageNumber="632">Suriname</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4105F8CA78027D1C20D71900FEADFCDD" author="Campbell, J. A. & Lamar, W. W." pageId="1" pageNumber="632" refId="ref2026" refString="Campbell, J. A., and Lamar, W. W. (1989): The Venomous Reptiles of Latin America. Ithaca, New York, USA, Cornell University Press." type="book" year="1989">Campbell and Lamar, 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4105F8CA78027D1C224A1928FC21FCDD" author="Pazmino-Otamendi, G. & Rodriguez-Guerra, A." box="[381,1021,826,856]" pageId="1" pageNumber="632" refId="ref2729" refString="Pazmino-Otamendi, G. and Rodriguez-Guerra, A. 2020. Bothrops bilineatus En: Torres-Carvajal, O., Pazmino-Otamendi, G., Ayala-Varela, F. y Salazar-Valenzuela, D. 2021. Reptiles del Ecuador. Version 2022.0. Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador. https: // bioweb. bio / faunaweb / reptiliaweb / FichaEspecie / Bothrops % 20 bilineatus, acceso 22 de septiembre de 2024." type="url" year="2020">Pazmiño-Otamendi and Rodríguez-Guerra, 2020</bibRefCitation>
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||||
). Two subspecies are recognized for
|
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<emphasis id="17E0592978027D1C22C31971FBAEFCFA" bold="true" box="[500,1138,866,895]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="632">
|
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<taxonomicName id="E294FEB878027D1C22C31971FD4DFCFA" baseAuthorityName="Wied-Neuwied" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[500,657,866,895]" class="Squamata" family="Viperidae" genus="Bothrops" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="632" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bilineatus">B. bilineatus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E294FEB878027D1C21971971FC8BFCFA" baseAuthorityName="Wied-Neuwied" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[672,855,866,895]" class="Squamata" family="Viperidae" genus="Bothrops" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="635" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bilineatus">B. b. bilineatus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E294FEB878027D1C20A11971FBAEFCFA" box="[918,1138,866,895]" pageId="1" pageNumber="632">B. b. smaragdinus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4105F8CA78027D1C27B41970FDCDFC2D" author="Campbell, J. A. & Lamar, W. W." pageId="1" pageNumber="632" refId="ref2026" refString="Campbell, J. A., and Lamar, W. W. (1989): The Venomous Reptiles of Latin America. Ithaca, New York, USA, Cornell University Press." type="book" year="1989">Campbell and Lamar, 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4105F8CA78027D1C21281999FC05FC2D" author="Harvey, M. B. & Aparicio, J. & Gonzales, L." box="[543,985,906,936]" pageId="1" pageNumber="632" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref2499" refString="Harvey, M. B., Aparicio, J., and Gonzales, L. (2005) Revision of the Venomous Snakes of Bolivia. II: The Pit Viper (Serpentes: Viperidae). Annals of Carnegie Museum 74 (1), 1 - 37, https: // doi. org / 10.2992 / 0097 - 4463 (2005) 74 [1: ROTVSO] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2005">Harvey, Gonzales, Aparicio, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4105F8CA78027D1C20D21998FB25FC2D" author="Bernarde, P. S. & Pucca, M. B. & Mota-da-Silva, A. & da Fonseca, W. L. & de Almeida, M. R. N. & de Oliveira, I. S. & Cerni, F. A. & Gobbi Grazziotin, F. & Sartim, M. A. & Sachett, J. & Wen, F. H. & Moura-da-Silva, A. M. & Monteiro, W. M." box="[997,1273,906,936]" pageId="1" pageNumber="632" refId="ref1904" refString="Bernarde, P. S., Pucca, M. B., Mota-da-Silva, A., da Fonseca, W. L., de Almeida, M. R. N., de Oliveira, I. S., Cerni, F. A., Gobbi Grazziotin, F., Sartim, M. A., Sachett, J., Wen, F. H., Moura-da-Silva, A. M., and Monteiro, W. M. (2021) Bothrops bilineatus: An Arboreal Pitviper in the Amazon and Atlantic Forest. Front. Immunol. 12: 778302. doi: 10.3389 / fimmu. 2021.778302" type="journal volume" year="2021">Bernarde et al., 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="252B853B78027D1C225C19A0FAD8FA02" blockId="1.[302,1287,706,2056]" pageId="1" pageNumber="632">
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<collectingCounty id="CC4AFDB778027D1C225C19A0FE2AFC4A" box="[363,502,946,975]" pageId="1" pageNumber="632">According</collectingCounty>
|
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to
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4105F8CA78027D1C211719A0FADDFC55" author="Dal Vechio, F. & Prates, I. & Grazziotin, F. G. & Zaher, H. & Rodrigues, M. T." box="[544,1281,946,976]" pageId="1" pageNumber="632" pagination="2415 - 26" refId="ref2278" refString="Dal Vechio, F., Prates, I., Grazziotin, F. G., Zaher, H., and Rodrigues, M. T. (2018) Phylogeography and Historical Demography of the Arboreal Pit Viper Bothrops bilineatus (Serpentes, Crotalinae) Reveal Multiple Connections Between Amazonian and Atlantic Rain Forests. Journal of Biogeography 45: 2415 - 26. doi: 10.1111 / jbi. 13421" type="journal article" year="2018">Dal Vechio, Prates, Grazziotin, Zaher, Rodrigues (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E294FEB878027D1C221919C9FD2FFC7D" authority="(Wied-Neuwied, 1821)" baseAuthorityName="Wied-Neuwied" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[302,755,986,1016]" class="Squamata" family="Viperidae" genus="Bothrops" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="632" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bilineatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="17E0592978027D1C221919C9FE19FC72" bold="true" box="[302,453,986,1015]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="632">B. bilineatus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Wied-Neuwied, 1821)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
comprises four clades which are distributed as follows in
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="C54F1F4178027D1C21131E10FD28FB9A" box="[548,756,1026,1055]" pageId="1" pageNumber="632">South America</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
: 1.
|
||||
<location id="204BD3E078027D1C20151E10FC32FB9A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD3D342D78027D19221918D0FB8CF94D:204BD3E078027D1C20151E10FC32FB9A" box="[802,1006,1026,1055]" country="Bolivia" county="According" municipality="South America" name="Atlantic Forest" pageId="1" pageNumber="632" stateProvince="Beni">Atlantic Forest</location>
|
||||
, 2.
|
||||
<location id="204BD3E078027D1C272A1E10FB03FB9A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD3D342D78027D19221918D0FB8CF94D:204BD3E078027D1C272A1E10FB03FB9A" box="[1053,1247,1026,1055]" country="Bolivia" county="According" municipality="South America" name="Guiana Shield" pageId="1" pageNumber="632" stateProvince="Beni">Guiana Shield</location>
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||||
, 3.
|
||||
<location id="204BD3E078027D1C22191E39FDF0FBC2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD3D342D78027D19221918D0FB8CF94D:204BD3E078027D1C22191E39FDF0FBC2" box="[302,556,1066,1095]" country="Bolivia" county="According" municipality="South America" name="Western Amazonia" pageId="1" pageNumber="632" stateProvince="Beni">Western Amazonia</location>
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||||
and 4.
|
||||
<location id="204BD3E078027D1C21A31E38FC0CFBC2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD3D342D78027D19221918D0FB8CF94D:204BD3E078027D1C21A31E38FC0CFBC2" box="[660,976,1066,1095]" country="Bolivia" county="According" municipality="South America" name="Central Amazonia. The" pageId="1" pageNumber="632" stateProvince="Beni">Central Amazonia. The</location>
|
||||
registered populations of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E294FEB878027D1C22641E41FE2EFBEA" baseAuthorityName="Wied-Neuwied" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[339,498,1106,1135]" class="Squamata" family="Viperidae" genus="Bothrops" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="632" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bilineatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="17E0592978027D1C22641E41FE2EFBEA" bold="true" box="[339,498,1106,1135]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="632">B. bilineatus</emphasis>
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||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
for
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="5D83C5AB78027D1C21191E40FD53FBEA" box="[558,655,1106,1135]" name="Bolivia" pageId="1" pageNumber="632">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
correspond to the “Western Amazonia” clade belonging to the subspecies
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E294FEB878027D1C21961E69FCA0FB12" box="[673,892,1146,1175]" pageId="1" pageNumber="632">
|
||||
<emphasis id="17E0592978027D1C21961E69FCA0FB12" bold="true" box="[673,892,1146,1175]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="632">B. b. smaragdinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<location id="204BD3E078027D1C20B31E69FC12FB12" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD3D342D78027D19221918D0FB8CF94D:204BD3E078027D1C20B31E69FC12FB12" box="[900,974,1147,1175]" country="Bolivia" county="According" municipality="South America" name="Hoge" pageId="1" pageNumber="632" stateProvince="Beni">Hoge</location>
|
||||
, 1966.
|
||||
<location id="204BD3E078027D1C271F1E68FB83FB12" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD3D342D78027D19221918D0FB8CF94D:204BD3E078027D1C271F1E68FB83FB12" box="[1064,1119,1146,1175]" country="Bolivia" county="According" municipality="South America" name="The" pageId="1" pageNumber="632" stateProvince="Beni">The</location>
|
||||
distribution in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="5D83C5AB78027D1C22651EB0FE6CFB3A" box="[338,432,1186,1215]" name="Bolivia" pageId="1" pageNumber="632">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
of this subspecies
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E294FEB878027D1C21911EB1FC5DFB3A" box="[678,897,1186,1215]" pageId="1" pageNumber="632">
|
||||
<emphasis id="17E0592978027D1C21911EB1FC5DFB3A" bold="true" box="[678,897,1186,1215]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="632">B. b. smaragdinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, mainly comprises the ecoregion of the southwest
|
||||
<location id="204BD3E078027D1C21651ED8FD04FB62" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD3D342D78027D19221918D0FB8CF94D:204BD3E078027D1C21651ED8FD04FB62" box="[594,728,1226,1255]" country="Bolivia" county="According" municipality="South America" name="Amazonia" pageId="1" pageNumber="632" stateProvince="Beni">Amazonia</location>
|
||||
of the departments of
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="E7504BD978027D1C27331ED8FB99FB62" box="[1028,1093,1226,1255]" country="Bolivia" name="Beni" pageId="1" pageNumber="632">Beni</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="E7504BD978027D1C27651ED8FADCFB62" box="[1106,1280,1226,1255]" country="Bolivia" name="Cochabamba" pageId="1" pageNumber="632">Cochabamba</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="E7504BD978027D1C22191EE1FE53FA8A" box="[302,399,1267,1295]" country="Bolivia" name="La Paz" pageId="1" pageNumber="632">La Paz</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="E7504BD978027D1C22AA1EE0FE2EFA8A" box="[413,498,1266,1295]" country="Bolivia" name="Pando" pageId="1" pageNumber="632">Pando</collectingRegion>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="E7504BD978027D1C21001EE1FD10FA95" box="[567,716,1267,1296]" country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="1" pageNumber="632">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
|
||||
and the seasonally flooded savanna of the department of
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="E7504BD978027D1C22C21F08FDE8FAB2" box="[501,564,1306,1335]" country="Bolivia" name="Beni" pageId="1" pageNumber="632">Beni</collectingRegion>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4105F8CA78027D1C21711F09FC94FABD" author="Harvey, M. B. & Aparicio, J. & Gonzales, L." box="[582,840,1306,1336]" pageId="1" pageNumber="632" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref2499" refString="Harvey, M. B., Aparicio, J., and Gonzales, L. (2005) Revision of the Venomous Snakes of Bolivia. II: The Pit Viper (Serpentes: Viperidae). Annals of Carnegie Museum 74 (1), 1 - 37, https: // doi. org / 10.2992 / 0097 - 4463 (2005) 74 [1: ROTVSO] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2005">Harvey et al., 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4105F8CA78027D1C20601F08FBCEFABD" author="Embert, D." box="[855,1042,1306,1336]" pageId="1" pageNumber="632" refId="ref2425" refString="Embert, D. (2007) Distribution, diversity and conservation status of Bolivian reptiles. Doctoral dissertation. Rheinischen Friedrichs-Wilhelms-Universitat, Bonn, Germany." type="book" year="2007">Embert, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
);
|
||||
<location id="204BD3E078027D1C271D1F08FBA7FAB2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD3D342D78027D19221918D0FB8CF94D:204BD3E078027D1C271D1F08FBA7FAB2" box="[1066,1147,1306,1335]" country="Bolivia" county="According" municipality="South America" name="There" pageId="1" pageNumber="632" stateProvince="Beni">There</location>
|
||||
is no precise information on the vertical distribution of this species in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="5D83C5AB78027D1C275D1F50FB17FADA" box="[1130,1227,1346,1375]" name="Bolivia" pageId="1" pageNumber="632">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, but according to
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4105F8CA78027D1C22ED1F78FC8DFA0D" author="Campbell, J. A. & Lamar, W. W." box="[474,849,1386,1416]" pageId="1" pageNumber="632" refId="ref2026" refString="Campbell, J. A., and Lamar, W. W. (1989): The Venomous Reptiles of Latin America. Ithaca, New York, USA, Cornell University Press." type="book" year="1989">Campbell and Lamar (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, it should not exceed
|
||||
<elevation id="AEB9620878027D1C27471F79FADCFA02" box="[1136,1280,1386,1416]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="632" unit="m" value="1000.0">
|
||||
<quantity id="E26C28DE78027D1C27471F79FB0EFA02" box="[1136,1234,1387,1416]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="632" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
|
||||
asl
|
||||
</elevation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="6D8ED6B078027D1C225C1F80FD5AF89D" pageId="1" pageNumber="632" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="252B853B78027D1C225C1F80FD5AF89D" blockId="1.[302,1287,706,2056]" pageId="1" pageNumber="632">
|
||||
The arboreal adaptations that
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E294FEB878027D1C203E1F81FC74FA2A" baseAuthorityName="Wied-Neuwied" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[777,936,1426,1455]" class="Squamata" family="Viperidae" genus="Bothrops" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="632" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bilineatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="17E0592978027D1C203E1F81FC74FA2A" bold="true" box="[777,936,1426,1455]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="632">B. bilineatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
possesses, such as: a prehensile tail and a cryptic color pattern, make it a very skilled species at camouflaging itself among its surroundings; there are records of caudal luring. These snakes have diurnal and nocturnal habits, with a preference for areas with abundant foliage, being recorded among branches, bushes, trees and/or vines. The most common records of this species include the lowland forests of the Amazonia, both in primary and secondary forests (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4105F8CA78027D1C27D31C90FC31F94D" author="da Fonseca, W. L. & de Souza Oliveira, A. & Correa, R. R. & Bernarde, P. S." pageId="1" pageNumber="632" pagination="365 - 374" refId="ref2145" refString="da Fonseca, W. L., de Souza Oliveira, A., Correa, R. R., and Bernarde, P. S. (2019). Caudal luring in the Neotropical two-striped forest pitviper Bothrops bilineatus smaragdinus Hoge, 1966 in the western Amazon. Herpetology Notes, 12, 365 - 374." type="journal article" year="2019">da Fonseca, de Souza Oliveira, Correa, Bernarde, 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4105F8CA78027D1C20CC1CB8FD65F975" author="Pazmino-Otamendi, G. & Rodriguez-Guerra, A." pageId="1" pageNumber="632" refId="ref2729" refString="Pazmino-Otamendi, G. and Rodriguez-Guerra, A. 2020. Bothrops bilineatus En: Torres-Carvajal, O., Pazmino-Otamendi, G., Ayala-Varela, F. y Salazar-Valenzuela, D. 2021. Reptiles del Ecuador. Version 2022.0. Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador. https: // bioweb. bio / faunaweb / reptiliaweb / FichaEspecie / Bothrops % 20 bilineatus, acceso 22 de septiembre de 2024." type="url" year="2020">Pazmiño-Otamendi and Rodríguez-Guerra, 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4105F8CA78027D1C21FE1CC0FDA5F89D" author="da Fonseca, W. L. & Correa, R. R. & de Souza Oliveira, A. & de Oliveira, I. S. & Bernarde, P. S." pageId="1" pageNumber="632" pagination="567 - 580" refId="ref2206" refString="da Fonseca, W. L., Correa, R. R., de Souza Oliveira, A., de Oliveira, I. S., and Bernarde, P. S. (2021). Habitat use and activity of Bothrops bilineatus smaragdinus Hoge, 1966 in the western Brazilian Amazon (Serpentes: Viperidae). Herpetology Notes, 14, 567 - 580." type="journal article" year="2021">da Fonseca, Correa, de Souza Oliveira, de Oliveira, Bernarde, 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="6D8ED6B078027D1F22A61D30FD8DFA04" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="633" pageId="1" pageNumber="632" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="252B853B78027D1F22A61D30FD8DFA04" blockId="1.[302,1287,706,2056]" lastBlockId="2.[302,1286,1220,2050]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="633" pageId="1" pageNumber="632">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="95FC8F6678027D1F22A61D30FD8DFA04" collectingDate="2024-09-12" collectionCode="Museo de Historia Natural Alcide d' Orbigny" country="Bolivia" determinerName="Ibisch and Merida" elevation="1" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="633" latitude="-17.37809" location="Carrasco National Park" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-65.219765" municipality="Arepucho" pageId="1" pageNumber="632" specimenCode="MHNC-R 3250" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cochabamba">
|
||||
During a monitoring trip carried out by the park rangers on
|
||||
<date id="512AA3FB78027D1C27D01D31FDD7F8ED" pageId="1" pageNumber="632" value="2024-09-12">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="416E5A1378027D1C27D01D31FDD7F8ED" pageId="1" pageNumber="632" value="2024-09-12">12 September 2024</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
at 11:44 hours, an
|
||||
<specimenCount id="33924EB278027D1C202B1D58FC14F8E2" box="[796,968,1866,1895]" pageId="1" pageNumber="632" type="adult">adult female</specimenCount>
|
||||
(760 mm total length;
|
||||
<specimenCode id="75322D4078027D1C22191D61FDD5F815" box="[302,521,1906,1936]" pageId="1" pageNumber="632">MHNC-R 3250</specimenCode>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="BDAF99BE78027D1C212D1D60FCCFF815" box="[538,787,1906,1936]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[304,379,1021,1043]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. In life Bothrops bilineatus smaragdinus (A-B. MHNC-R 3250), registered at Arepucho, Carrasco National Park, Cochabamba, Bolivia. Photographs by Edwin Coaquira." pageId="1" pageNumber="632">Figure 1 A and B</figureCitation>
|
||||
), was found active during day time perching in vegetation at a height of 1 m, adjacent to a mature secondary montane forest in
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="C54F1F4178027D1C211B1DD0FD6DF85A" box="[556,689,1986,2015]" pageId="1" pageNumber="632">Arepucho</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="40A0E3FC78027D1C21F31DD1FC59F865" box="[708,901,1987,2016]" degrees="17" direction="south" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="632" precision="1" seconds="41.12" value="-17.37809">17°22’41.12”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="40A0E3FC78027D1C20A31DD0FB85F865" box="[916,1113,1986,2016]" degrees="65" direction="west" minutes="13" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="632" precision="1" seconds="11.16" value="-65.219765">65°13’11.16”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<elevation id="AEB9620878027D1C275F1DD1FB23F85A" box="[1128,1279,1986,2016]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.277" pageId="1" pageNumber="632" unit="m" value="1277.0">
|
||||
<quantity id="E26C28DE78027D1C275F1DD1FB10F85A" box="[1128,1228,1987,2016]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.277" pageId="1" pageNumber="632" unit="m" value="1277.0">1277 m</quantity>
|
||||
asl
|
||||
</elevation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="BDAF99BE78027D1C22191DF8FE7AF78D" box="[302,422,2026,2056]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[302,376,1711,1733]" captionTargetBox="[258,1329,281,1675]" captionTargetId="figure-98@3.[242,1346,265,1686]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Geographic distribution of Bothrops bilineatus smaragdinus in Bolivia (black dots). Red circle: new record for the Yungas ecoregion (green cross line) in Cochabamba department; green line represents the boundaries of Carrasco National Park. Figura 2. Distribución geográfica de Bothrops bilineatus smaragdinus en Bolivia (puntos negros). Círculo rojo: nuevo registro para la ecoregion de Yungas (línea cruzada de color verde) en el departamento de Cochabamba; línea verde representa los límites del Parque Nacional Carrasco." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14657109" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14657109/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="632">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<location id="204BD3E078027D1C22F61DF9FCDBF782" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD3D342D78027D19221918D0FB8CF94D:204BD3E078027D1C22F61DF9FCDBF782" box="[449,775,2026,2056]" country="Bolivia" latitude="-17.37809" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-65.219765" municipality="Arepucho" name="Carrasco National Park" pageId="1" pageNumber="632" stateProvince="Cochabamba">Carrasco National Park</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="E7504BD978027D1C20201DF8FC16F782" box="[791,970,2026,2055]" country="Bolivia" name="Cochabamba" pageId="1" pageNumber="632">Cochabamba</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="5D83C5AB78027D1C20EE1DF8FBE6F782" box="[985,1082,2026,2055]" name="Bolivia" pageId="1" pageNumber="632">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
in the
|
||||
<location id="204BD3E078027D1C27941DF9FADAF782" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD3D342D78027D19221918D0FB8CF94D:204BD3E078027D1C27941DF9FADAF782" box="[1187,1286,2027,2055]" country="Bolivia" latitude="-17.37809" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-65.219765" municipality="Arepucho" name="Yungas" pageId="1" pageNumber="632" stateProvince="Cochabamba">Yungas</location>
|
||||
ecoregion (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4105F8CA78017D1F22F21ED6FCC8FB67" author="Ibisch, P. L. & Merida, G." box="[453,788,1220,1250]" pageId="2" pageNumber="633" refId="ref2577" refString="Ibisch, P. L. and Merida, G. (2003) Biodiversidad: La riqueza de Bolivia. Estado de conocimiento y conservacion. Editorial FAN. Santa Cruz de la Sierra." type="book" year="2003">
|
||||
<determinerName id="D0F769FF78017D1F22F21ED6FD18FB64" box="[453,708,1220,1249]" pageId="2" pageNumber="633">Ibisch and Mérida</determinerName>
|
||||
2003
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). The specimen was collected under permission of MMAyAVMA-DGBAP-004 and VMABCCGDF Nº 16/19 issued by Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Aguas and deposited at the herpetological collection of the
|
||||
<collectionCode id="43851DFE78017D1F21931F2FFADEFADC" box="[676,1282,1340,1369]" pageId="2" pageNumber="633">Museo de Historia Natural Alcide d’ Orbigny</collectionCode>
|
||||
, Cochabamba, Bolivia.
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<caption id="71EBD5B378017D1F220719EFFADBFBB5" pageId="2" pageNumber="633" startId="2.[304,379,1021,1043]" targetBox="[242,1345,265,996]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="252B853B78017D1F220719EFFADBFBB5" blockId="2.[302,1287,1021,1072]" pageId="2" pageNumber="633">
|
||||
<emphasis id="17E0592978017D1F220719EFFE40FB96" bold="true" box="[304,412,1021,1043]" pageId="2" pageNumber="633">Figure 1.</emphasis>
|
||||
In life
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E294FEB878017D1F22C519EFFCB0FB96" authorityName="Hoge" authorityYear="1966" box="[498,876,1021,1043]" class="Squamata" family="Viperidae" genus="Bothrops" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="633" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="bilineatus" subSpecies="smaragdinus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="17E0592978017D1F22C519EFFCB0FB96" box="[498,876,1021,1043]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="633">Bothrops bilineatus smaragdinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(A-B. MHNC-R 3250), registered at Arepucho, Carrasco National Park, Cochabamba, Bolivia. Photographs by Edwin Coaquira.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="71EBD5B378017D1F22191E54FADAFBFF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14657107" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14657107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14657107/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="633" startId="2.[302,374,1094,1116]" targetBox="[242,1345,265,996]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="252B853B78017D1F22191E54FADAFBFF" blockId="2.[302,1286,1094,1146]" pageId="2" pageNumber="633">
|
||||
<emphasis id="17E0592978017D1F22191E54FE4FFBD9" bold="true" box="[302,403,1094,1116]" pageId="2" pageNumber="633">Figura 1.</emphasis>
|
||||
En vida
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E294FEB878017D1F22D81E54FC8CFBD9" authorityName="Hoge" authorityYear="1966" box="[495,848,1094,1116]" class="Squamata" family="Viperidae" genus="Bothrops" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="633" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="bilineatus" subSpecies="smaragdinus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="17E0592978017D1F22D81E54FC8CFBD9" box="[495,848,1094,1116]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="633">Bothrops bilineatus smaragdinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(A-B. MHNC-R 3250), registrado en Arepucho, Parque Nacional Carrasco, Cochabamba, Bolivia. Fotografías por Edwin Coaquira.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="6D8ED6B078017D1F225C1F9EFD98F894" pageId="2" pageNumber="633" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="252B853B78017D1F225C1F9EFD98F894" blockId="2.[302,1286,1220,2050]" pageId="2" pageNumber="633">
|
||||
The specimen exhibiting the following combination of characters: (1) second supralabial and prelacunal usually fused to form one lacunolabial; (2) prehensile tail; (3) intersupraoculars 5-9 keeled; (4) supralabials 7; (5) infralabials 8; (6) scale rows at midbody 30; (7) ventral scales 212; (8) subcaudal divided 78; (9) black postocular stripe; (10) back pale green with small black spots; (11) dorsal bands absent; (12) discontinuous yellow paraventral stripe extends along the body; (13)
|
||||
<quantity id="E26C28DE78017D1F20421C6EFC3FF91C" box="[885,995,1660,1690]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="633" unit="mm" value="650.0">650 mm</quantity>
|
||||
SVL. Taken together these characters are consistent with those described by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4105F8CA78017D1F271A1CB7FDF2F96F" author="Peters, J. A. & Orejas-Miranda, B." pageId="2" pageNumber="633" pagination="1 - 347" refId="ref2807" refString="Peters, J. A. and Orejas-Miranda, B. (1970) Catalogue of the Neotropical Squamata. Part I. Snakes. Bulletin of United States National Museum, 297, 1 - 347." type="journal article" year="1970">Peters and Orejas-Miranda (1970)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4105F8CA78017D1F210A1CDEFC64F96F" author="Campbell, J. A. & Lamar, W. W." box="[573,952,1740,1770]" pageId="2" pageNumber="633" refId="ref2026" refString="Campbell, J. A., and Lamar, W. W. (1989): The Venomous Reptiles of Latin America. Ithaca, New York, USA, Cornell University Press." type="book" year="1989">Campbell and Lamar (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4105F8CA78017D1F20CA1CDFFADAF96F" author="Harvey, M. B. & Aparicio, J. & Gonzales, L." box="[1021,1286,1740,1770]" pageId="2" pageNumber="633" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref2499" refString="Harvey, M. B., Aparicio, J., and Gonzales, L. (2005) Revision of the Venomous Snakes of Bolivia. II: The Pit Viper (Serpentes: Viperidae). Annals of Carnegie Museum 74 (1), 1 - 37, https: // doi. org / 10.2992 / 0097 - 4463 (2005) 74 [1: ROTVSO] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2005">Harvey et al. (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E294FEB878017D1F226A1CE7FDE0F894" box="[349,572,1780,1809]" pageId="2" pageNumber="633">
|
||||
<emphasis id="17E0592978017D1F226A1CE7FEAFF894" bold="true" box="[349,371,1781,1809]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="633">B</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="17E0592978017D1F22B31CE6FE4EF894" bold="true" box="[388,402,1780,1809]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="633">b</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="17E0592978017D1F22941CE6FDE0F894" bold="true" box="[419,572,1780,1809]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="633">smaragdinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="6D8ED6B078017D19225C1D0EFB8CF94D" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="635" pageId="2" pageNumber="633" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="252B853B78017D19225C1D0EFD22FE75" blockId="2.[302,1286,1220,2050]" lastBlockId="4.[302,1286,267,1736]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="635" pageId="2" pageNumber="633">
|
||||
The available information for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E294FEB878017D1F21CB1D0FFC04F8BC" box="[764,984,1820,1849]" pageId="2" pageNumber="633">
|
||||
<emphasis id="17E0592978017D1F21CB1D0FFC04F8BC" bold="true" box="[764,984,1820,1849]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="633">B. b. smaragdinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="5D83C5AB78017D1F27331D0EFBBFF8BC" box="[1028,1123,1820,1849]" name="Bolivia" pageId="2" pageNumber="633">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
comes from the work of Fugler et al. (1985),
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4105F8CA78017D1F21E91D57FC38F8E7" author="Harvey, M. B. & Aparicio, J. & Gonzales, L." box="[734,996,1860,1890]" pageId="2" pageNumber="633" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref2499" refString="Harvey, M. B., Aparicio, J., and Gonzales, L. (2005) Revision of the Venomous Snakes of Bolivia. II: The Pit Viper (Serpentes: Viperidae). Annals of Carnegie Museum 74 (1), 1 - 37, https: // doi. org / 10.2992 / 0097 - 4463 (2005) 74 [1: ROTVSO] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2005">Harvey et al. (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and the maps of
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4105F8CA78017D1F27FC1D57FE1CF80F" author="Embert, D." pageId="2" pageNumber="633" refId="ref2425" refString="Embert, D. (2007) Distribution, diversity and conservation status of Bolivian reptiles. Doctoral dissertation. Rheinischen Friedrichs-Wilhelms-Universitat, Bonn, Germany." type="book" year="2007">Embert (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4105F8CA78017D1F21331D7EFCF5F80F" author="Nogueira, C. C. & Argolo, A. J. S. & Arzamendia, V. & Azevedo, J. A. & Barbo, F. E. & Bernils, R. S. & Bolochio, B. E. & Borges-Martins, M. & Brasil-Godinho, M. & Braz, H. & Buononato, M. A. & Cisneros-Heredia, D. F." box="[516,809,1900,1930]" pageId="2" pageNumber="633" pagination="1 - 274" refId="ref2613" refString="Nogueira, C. C.; Argolo, A. J. S.; Arzamendia, V.; Azevedo, J. A.; Barbo, F. E.; Bernils, R. S.; Bolochio, B. E.; Borges-Martins, M.; Brasil-Godinho, M.; Braz, H.; Buononato, M. A. and Cisneros-Heredia, D. F. (2019). Atlas of Brazilian snakes: verified point-locality maps to mitigate the Wallacean shortfall in a megadiverse snake fauna. South American Journal of Herpetology, 14 (Special Issue 1, 1 - 274." type="journal article" year="2019">Nogueira et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. According to this information, the distribution of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E294FEB878017D1F22CD1D87FD05F834" box="[506,729,1940,1969]" pageId="2" pageNumber="633">
|
||||
<emphasis id="17E0592978017D1F22CD1D87FD05F834" bold="true" box="[506,729,1940,1969]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="633">B. b. smaragdinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="5D83C5AB78017D1F20301D86FCBAF834" box="[775,870,1940,1969]" name="Bolivia" pageId="2" pageNumber="633">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
mainly includes the Amazonian forests of the departments of
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="E7504BD978017D1F21D81DAEFCEDF85C" box="[751,817,1980,2009]" country="Bolivia" name="Beni" pageId="2" pageNumber="633">Beni</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="E7504BD978017D1F20771DAEFC2EF85C" box="[832,1010,1980,2009]" country="Bolivia" name="Cochabamba" pageId="2" pageNumber="633">Cochabamba</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="E7504BD978017D1F27361DAFFBB8F85C" box="[1025,1124,1981,2009]" country="Bolivia" name="La Paz" pageId="2" pageNumber="633">La Paz</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="E7504BD978017D1F27441DAEFB15F85C" box="[1139,1225,1980,2009]" country="Bolivia" name="Pando" pageId="2" pageNumber="633">Pando</collectingRegion>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="E7504BD978017D1F22191DF7FE14F787" box="[302,456,2021,2050]" country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="2" pageNumber="633">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
|
||||
. Although
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4105F8CA78017D1F21571DF6FC5BF787" author="Nogueira, C. C. & Argolo, A. J. S. & Arzamendia, V. & Azevedo, J. A. & Barbo, F. E. & Bernils, R. S. & Bolochio, B. E. & Borges-Martins, M. & Brasil-Godinho, M. & Braz, H. & Buononato, M. A. & Cisneros-Heredia, D. F." box="[608,903,2020,2050]" pageId="2" pageNumber="633" pagination="1 - 274" refId="ref2613" refString="Nogueira, C. C.; Argolo, A. J. S.; Arzamendia, V.; Azevedo, J. A.; Barbo, F. E.; Bernils, R. S.; Bolochio, B. E.; Borges-Martins, M.; Brasil-Godinho, M.; Braz, H.; Buononato, M. A. and Cisneros-Heredia, D. F. (2019). Atlas of Brazilian snakes: verified point-locality maps to mitigate the Wallacean shortfall in a megadiverse snake fauna. South American Journal of Herpetology, 14 (Special Issue 1, 1 - 274." type="journal article" year="2019">Nogueira et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
provide information on the distribution of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E294FEB878077D1922CF1B19FD4EFEAD" baseAuthorityName="Wied-Neuwied" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[504,658,267,296]" class="Squamata" family="Viperidae" genus="Bothrops" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="635" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bilineatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="17E0592978077D1922CF1B19FD4EFEAD" bold="true" box="[504,658,267,296]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="635">B. bilineatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in the montane forests (Yungas) of
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="5D83C5AB78077D19275B1B19FB11FEAD" box="[1132,1229,267,296]" name="Bolivia" pageId="4" pageNumber="635">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, the supplementary information provided by that work on the recording points of this species do not coincide within the limits of the montane forests or Yungas ecoregion, rather they confirm the Amazonian distribution (Southwest Amazonia ecoregion) of this species (see supplementary information provided by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4105F8CA78077D1922EF1BC1FD2DFE75" author="Nogueira, C. C. & Argolo, A. J. S. & Arzamendia, V. & Azevedo, J. A. & Barbo, F. E. & Bernils, R. S. & Bolochio, B. E. & Borges-Martins, M. & Brasil-Godinho, M. & Braz, H. & Buononato, M. A. & Cisneros-Heredia, D. F." box="[472,753,467,496]" pageId="4" pageNumber="635" pagination="1 - 274" refId="ref2613" refString="Nogueira, C. C.; Argolo, A. J. S.; Arzamendia, V.; Azevedo, J. A.; Barbo, F. E.; Bernils, R. S.; Bolochio, B. E.; Borges-Martins, M.; Brasil-Godinho, M.; Braz, H.; Buononato, M. A. and Cisneros-Heredia, D. F. (2019). Atlas of Brazilian snakes: verified point-locality maps to mitigate the Wallacean shortfall in a megadiverse snake fauna. South American Journal of Herpetology, 14 (Special Issue 1, 1 - 274." type="journal article" year="2019">Nogueira et al., 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="71EBD5B378007D1E22191CBDFE22F801" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14657109" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14657109" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14657109/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="634" startId="3.[302,376,1711,1733]" targetBox="[258,1329,281,1675]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="252B853B78007D1E22191CBDFB5AF97A" blockId="3.[302,1285,1711,1924]" pageId="3" pageNumber="634">
|
||||
<emphasis id="17E0592978007D1E22191CBDFE44F940" bold="true" box="[302,408,1711,1733]" pageId="3" pageNumber="634">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||||
Geographic distribution of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E294FEB878007D1E21E01CBDFB96F940" authorityName="Hoge" authorityYear="1966" box="[727,1098,1711,1733]" class="Squamata" family="Viperidae" genus="Bothrops" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="634" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="bilineatus" subSpecies="smaragdinus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="17E0592978007D1E21E01CBDFB96F940" box="[727,1098,1711,1733]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="634">Bothrops bilineatus smaragdinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in Bolivia (black dots). Red circle: new record for the Yungas ecoregion (green cross line) in Cochabamba department; green line represents the boundaries of Carrasco National Park.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="252B853B78007D1E22191D04FE22F801" blockId="3.[302,1285,1711,1924]" pageId="3" pageNumber="634">
|
||||
<emphasis id="17E0592978007D1E22191D04FE4AF8A9" bold="true" box="[302,406,1814,1836]" pageId="3" pageNumber="634">Figura 2.</emphasis>
|
||||
Distribución geográfica de
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E294FEB878007D1E21FD1D04FBE9F8A9" authorityName="Hoge" authorityYear="1966" box="[714,1077,1814,1836]" class="Squamata" family="Viperidae" genus="Bothrops" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="634" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="bilineatus" subSpecies="smaragdinus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="17E0592978007D1E21FD1D04FBE9F8A9" box="[714,1077,1814,1836]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="634">Bothrops bilineatus smaragdinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
en Bolivia (puntos negros). Círculo rojo: nuevo registro para la ecoregion de Yungas (línea cruzada de color verde) en el departamento de Cochabamba; línea verde representa los límites del Parque Nacional Carrasco.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="252B853B78077D19225C1BE9FB3EFCDD" blockId="4.[302,1286,267,1736]" pageId="4" pageNumber="635">
|
||||
<location id="204BD3E078077D19225C1BE9FE38FD9D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD3D342D78027D19221918D0FB8CF94D:204BD3E078077D19225C1BE9FE38FD9D" box="[363,484,507,536]" country="Bolivia" county="South America" municipality="The" name="Through" pageId="4" pageNumber="635" stateProvince="Cochabamba">Through</location>
|
||||
the information presented and the reference material cited in this work, we confirm the formal presence of the species in the
|
||||
<location id="204BD3E078077D1927921836FADAFDC5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD3D342D78027D19221918D0FB8CF94D:204BD3E078077D1927921836FADAFDC5" box="[1189,1286,548,576]" country="Bolivia" county="South America" municipality="The" name="Yungas" pageId="4" pageNumber="635" stateProvince="Cochabamba">Yungas</location>
|
||||
ecoregion of the department of
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="E7504BD978077D1921E41859FC5DFDED" box="[723,897,587,616]" country="Bolivia" name="Cochabamba" pageId="4" pageNumber="635">Cochabamba</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="5D83C5AB78077D1920B81859FC2DFDED" box="[911,1009,587,616]" name="Bolivia" pageId="4" pageNumber="635">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<location id="204BD3E078077D1920C91859FBE1FDED" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD3D342D78027D19221918D0FB8CF94D:204BD3E078077D1920C91859FBE1FDED" box="[1022,1085,587,616]" country="Bolivia" county="South America" municipality="The" name="This" pageId="4" pageNumber="635" stateProvince="Cochabamba">This</location>
|
||||
report extends its distribution
|
||||
<quantity id="E26C28DE78077D1921351860FD8BFD15" box="[514,599,626,656]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="635" unit="km" value="50.0">50 km</quantity>
|
||||
to the southeast (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="BDAF99BE78077D19207F1861FC61FD15" box="[840,957,627,656]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[302,376,1711,1733]" captionTargetBox="[258,1329,281,1675]" captionTargetId="figure-98@3.[242,1346,265,1686]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Geographic distribution of Bothrops bilineatus smaragdinus in Bolivia (black dots). Red circle: new record for the Yungas ecoregion (green cross line) in Cochabamba department; green line represents the boundaries of Carrasco National Park. Figura 2. Distribución geográfica de Bothrops bilineatus smaragdinus en Bolivia (puntos negros). Círculo rojo: nuevo registro para la ecoregion de Yungas (línea cruzada de color verde) en el departamento de Cochabamba; línea verde representa los límites del Parque Nacional Carrasco." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14657109" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14657109/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="635">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
) from the closest record from the southwest
|
||||
<location id="204BD3E078077D1921071889FD68FD3D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD3D342D78027D19221918D0FB8CF94D:204BD3E078077D1921071889FD68FD3D" box="[560,692,667,696]" country="Bolivia" county="South America" municipality="The" name="Amazonia" pageId="4" pageNumber="635" stateProvince="Cochabamba">Amazonia</location>
|
||||
ecoregion,
|
||||
<location id="204BD3E078077D1920701889FC39FD3D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD3D342D78027D19221918D0FB8CF94D:204BD3E078077D1920701889FC39FD3D" box="[839,997,667,696]" country="Bolivia" county="South America" municipality="The" name="Villa Tunari" pageId="4" pageNumber="635" stateProvince="Cochabamba">Villa Tunari</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="E7504BD978077D1920C61889FB40FD3D" box="[1009,1180,667,696]" country="Bolivia" name="Cochabamba" pageId="4" pageNumber="635">Cochabamba</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="5D83C5AB78077D19279F1889FAD9FD3D" box="[1192,1285,667,696]" name="Bolivia" pageId="4" pageNumber="635">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4105F8CA78077D19220018D1FD8AFD65" author="Nogueira, C. C. & Argolo, A. J. S. & Arzamendia, V. & Azevedo, J. A. & Barbo, F. E. & Bernils, R. S. & Bolochio, B. E. & Borges-Martins, M. & Brasil-Godinho, M. & Braz, H. & Buononato, M. A. & Cisneros-Heredia, D. F." box="[311,598,707,736]" pageId="4" pageNumber="635" pagination="1 - 274" refId="ref2613" refString="Nogueira, C. C.; Argolo, A. J. S.; Arzamendia, V.; Azevedo, J. A.; Barbo, F. E.; Bernils, R. S.; Bolochio, B. E.; Borges-Martins, M.; Brasil-Godinho, M.; Braz, H.; Buononato, M. A. and Cisneros-Heredia, D. F. (2019). Atlas of Brazilian snakes: verified point-locality maps to mitigate the Wallacean shortfall in a megadiverse snake fauna. South American Journal of Herpetology, 14 (Special Issue 1, 1 - 274." type="journal article" year="2019">Nogueira et al., 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="C54F1F4178077D19215B18D1FD7FFD65" box="[620,675,707,736]" pageId="4" pageNumber="635">The</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
highest record for the species in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="5D83C5AB78077D19275D18D1FB15FD65" box="[1130,1225,707,736]" name="Bolivia" pageId="4" pageNumber="635">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectingCounty id="CC4AFDB778077D19221918F9FE29FC8D" box="[302,501,747,776]" pageId="4" pageNumber="635">South America</collectingCounty>
|
||||
at
|
||||
<elevation id="AEB9620878077D19212A18F9FD74FC8D" box="[541,680,747,776]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.277" pageId="4" pageNumber="635" unit="m" value="1277.0">
|
||||
<quantity id="E26C28DE78077D19212A18F9FDA1FC8D" box="[541,637,747,776]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.277" pageId="4" pageNumber="635" unit="m" value="1277.0">1277 m</quantity>
|
||||
asl
|
||||
</elevation>
|
||||
is confirmed. Previously the altitudinal range of this species was from sea level to
|
||||
<elevation id="AEB9620878077D1921C91900FC55FCB5" box="[766,905,786,816]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="4" pageNumber="635" unit="m" value="1050.0">
|
||||
<quantity id="E26C28DE78077D1921C91900FC82FCB5" box="[766,862,786,816]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="4" pageNumber="635" unit="m" value="1050.0">1050 m</quantity>
|
||||
asl
|
||||
</elevation>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4105F8CA78077D1920AE1901FADCFCB5" author="Campbell, J. A. & Lamar, W. W." box="[921,1280,787,816]" pageId="4" pageNumber="635" refId="ref2026" refString="Campbell, J. A., and Lamar, W. W. (1989): The Venomous Reptiles of Latin America. Ithaca, New York, USA, Cornell University Press." type="book" year="1989">Campbell and Lamar, 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4105F8CA78077D1922191929FDEAFCDD" author="Wallach, V. & Williams, K. L. & Boundy, J." box="[302,566,827,856]" pageId="4" pageNumber="635" refId="ref3177" refString="Wallach, V., Williams, K. L. and Boundy, J. (2014). Snakes of the World: A catalogue of living and extinct species. CRC press Boca Raton, Florida, Estados Unidos, 1227 pp." type="book" year="2014">Wallach et al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4105F8CA78077D1921731929FB09FCDD" author="Pazmino-Otamendi, G. & Rodriguez-Guerra, A." box="[580,1237,827,856]" pageId="4" pageNumber="635" refId="ref2729" refString="Pazmino-Otamendi, G. and Rodriguez-Guerra, A. 2020. Bothrops bilineatus En: Torres-Carvajal, O., Pazmino-Otamendi, G., Ayala-Varela, F. y Salazar-Valenzuela, D. 2021. Reptiles del Ecuador. Version 2022.0. Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador. https: // bioweb. bio / faunaweb / reptiliaweb / FichaEspecie / Bothrops % 20 bilineatus, acceso 22 de septiembre de 2024." type="url" year="2020">Pazmiño-Otamendi and Rodríguez-Guerra, 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="252B853B78077D19225C1976FB8CF94D" blockId="4.[302,1286,267,1736]" pageId="4" pageNumber="635">
|
||||
It is important to mention that although this work extends the distribution of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E294FEB878077D1922831999FD4EFC2D" box="[436,658,907,936]" pageId="4" pageNumber="635">
|
||||
<emphasis id="17E0592978077D1922831999FD4EFC2D" bold="true" box="[436,658,907,936]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="635">B. b. smaragdinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by only
|
||||
<quantity id="E26C28DE78077D19203D1998FCBEFC2D" box="[778,866,906,936]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="635" unit="km" value="50.0">50 km</quantity>
|
||||
, the ecological implications for this species are very important, since it represents a greater use of habitats (now Yungas) compared to what was reported by Fugler et al. (1985) and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4105F8CA78077D1922191E11FD84FBA5" author="Nogueira, C. C. & Argolo, A. J. S. & Arzamendia, V. & Azevedo, J. A. & Barbo, F. E. & Bernils, R. S. & Bolochio, B. E. & Borges-Martins, M. & Brasil-Godinho, M. & Braz, H. & Buononato, M. A. & Cisneros-Heredia, D. F." box="[302,600,1027,1056]" pageId="4" pageNumber="635" pagination="1 - 274" refId="ref2613" refString="Nogueira, C. C.; Argolo, A. J. S.; Arzamendia, V.; Azevedo, J. A.; Barbo, F. E.; Bernils, R. S.; Bolochio, B. E.; Borges-Martins, M.; Brasil-Godinho, M.; Braz, H.; Buononato, M. A. and Cisneros-Heredia, D. F. (2019). Atlas of Brazilian snakes: verified point-locality maps to mitigate the Wallacean shortfall in a megadiverse snake fauna. South American Journal of Herpetology, 14 (Special Issue 1, 1 - 274." type="journal article" year="2019">Nogueira et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. The IUCN Red List categorizes
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E294FEB878077D1927161E11FB63FBA5" baseAuthorityName="Wied-Neuwied" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[1057,1215,1027,1056]" class="Squamata" family="Viperidae" genus="Bothrops" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="635" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bilineatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="17E0592978077D1927161E11FB63FBA5" bold="true" box="[1057,1215,1027,1056]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="635">B. bilineatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with the status of “Least Concern” (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4105F8CA78077D1921E21E39FE20FBF5" author="Catenazzi, A. & Cisneros-Heredia, D. F. & Hoogmoed, M. S. & Nogueira, C. de" pageId="4" pageNumber="635" refId="ref2062" refString="Catenazzi, A., Cisneros-Heredia, D. F., Hoogmoed, M. S. and Nogueira, C. de C. (2021). Bothrops bilineatus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e. T 15203567 A 15203579. https: // dx. doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2021 - 3. RLTS. T 15203567 A 15203579. en. Accessed on 25 September 2024." type="book" year="2021">Catenazzi, Cisneros-Heredia, Hoogmoed, Nogueira, 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Throughout its geographic distribution, this species may be affected by deforestation and habitat reduction, threats which could be reducing its populations, since
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E294FEB878077D1921E61EB1FCB0FB45" baseAuthorityName="Wied-Neuwied" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[721,876,1187,1216]" class="Squamata" family="Viperidae" genus="Bothrops" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="635" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bilineatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="17E0592978077D1921E61EB1FCB0FB45" bold="true" box="[721,876,1187,1216]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="635">B. bilineatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is a snake that has completely arboreal habits (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4105F8CA78077D19213E1ED9FCF8FB6D" author="Bernarde, P. S. & Pucca, M. B. & Mota-da-Silva, A. & da Fonseca, W. L. & de Almeida, M. R. N. & de Oliveira, I. S. & Cerni, F. A. & Gobbi Grazziotin, F. & Sartim, M. A. & Sachett, J. & Wen, F. H. & Moura-da-Silva, A. M. & Monteiro, W. M." box="[521,804,1227,1256]" pageId="4" pageNumber="635" refId="ref1904" refString="Bernarde, P. S., Pucca, M. B., Mota-da-Silva, A., da Fonseca, W. L., de Almeida, M. R. N., de Oliveira, I. S., Cerni, F. A., Gobbi Grazziotin, F., Sartim, M. A., Sachett, J., Wen, F. H., Moura-da-Silva, A. M., and Monteiro, W. M. (2021) Bothrops bilineatus: An Arboreal Pitviper in the Amazon and Atlantic Forest. Front. Immunol. 12: 778302. doi: 10.3389 / fimmu. 2021.778302" type="journal volume" year="2021">Bernarde et al., 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). In addition, the Yungas ecoregion where
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E294FEB878077D1922BE1EE1FDB6FA95" box="[393,618,1267,1296]" pageId="4" pageNumber="635">
|
||||
<emphasis id="17E0592978077D1922BE1EE1FDB6FA95" bold="true" box="[393,618,1267,1296]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="635">B. b. smaragdinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was registered (this work), it is the area with the maximum number of endemic amphibian species (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4105F8CA78077D1920C11F09FE14FAE5" author="De la Riva, I. & Reichle, S." pageId="4" pageNumber="635" pagination="46 - 65" refId="ref2353" refString="De la Riva, I. and Reichle, S. (2014) Diversity and conservation of amphibians of Bolivia. In Heatwole, H., Barrio-Amoros, C. and Wilkinson, J. W. (eds.). Status of Decline of Amphibians: Western Hemisphere. Chapter 14, Part 4, vol. 9. Herpetological Monographs, 28, 46 - 65." type="book chapter" year="2014">De la Riva and Reichle, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), also one of the most vulnerable ecoregions in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="5D83C5AB78077D1927571F51FB18FAE5" box="[1120,1220,1347,1376]" name="Bolivia" pageId="4" pageNumber="635">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, due to agricultural expansion (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4105F8CA78077D1921AD1F79FC33FA0D" author="Ibisch, P. L. & Merida, G." box="[666,1007,1387,1416]" pageId="4" pageNumber="635" refId="ref2577" refString="Ibisch, P. L. and Merida, G. (2003) Biodiversidad: La riqueza de Bolivia. Estado de conocimiento y conservacion. Editorial FAN. Santa Cruz de la Sierra." type="book" year="2003">Ibisch and Mérida, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) and it is an area of considerable importance in terms of research since in recent years important records of reptiles have been presented (e.g.,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E294FEB878077D19208D1FA9FB5BFA52" authorityName="Daudin" authorityYear="1802" box="[954,1159,1467,1496]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="635" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="17E0592978077D19208D1FA9FB5BFA52" bold="true" box="[954,1159,1467,1496]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="635">Anolis punctatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4105F8CA78077D1927811FA9FCA8F985" author="Quinteros-Munoz, O. & Carpio, R. & Perez, E. & Onofre, F." pageId="4" pageNumber="635" pagination="235 - 236" refId="ref2845" refString="Quinteros-Munoz, O., Carpio, R., Perez, E. and Onofre, F. (2022 a) The Amazon Green Anole, Anolis punctatus Daudin 1802 (Squamata: Dactyloidae): A New Geographic and Elevational Record in Bolivia. Reptiles & Amphibians, 29, 235 - 236." type="journal article" year="2022">Quinteros-Muñoz, Carpio, Pérez, Onofre, 2022a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E294FEB878077D1920B51FF1FB3CFA7A" baseAuthorityName="Amaral" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[898,1248,1507,1536]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Erythrolamprus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="635" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrosomus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="17E0592978077D1920B51FF1FB3CFA7A" bold="true" box="[898,1248,1507,1536]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="635">Erythrolamprus macrosomus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4105F8CA78077D1922191C19FBC9F9AD" author="Quinteros-Munoz, O. & Carpio, R. & Perez, E. & Gomez-Murillo, P." box="[302,1045,1547,1576]" pageId="4" pageNumber="635" pagination="23 - 30" refId="ref2902" refString="Quinteros-Munoz, O., Carpio, R., Perez, E. and Gomez-Murillo, P. (2022 b) First formal evidence and distribution extension of Erythrolamprus macrosomus (Amaral, 1936). (Serpentes: Dipsadidae. in Bolivia. Holotipus rivista di zoologia sistematica e tassonomia, III 2, 23 - 30. https: // doi. org / 10.53561 / QMFE 4806. ISSN 2704 - 75479772704754008" type="journal article" year="2022">Quinteros-Muñoz, Carpio, Pérez, Gómez-Murillo, 2022b</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E294FEB878077D1927161C19FAD9F9AD" baseAuthorityName="Wagler" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[1057,1285,1547,1576]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Spilotes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="635" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sulphureus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="17E0592978077D1927161C19FAD9F9AD" bold="true" box="[1057,1285,1547,1576]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="635">Spilotes sulphureus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4105F8CA78077D1922651C21FADDF9D5" author="Quinteros-Munoz, O. & Marca, B. & Gomez-Murillo, P. & Espinoza-Echeverria, J." box="[338,1281,1587,1616]" pageId="4" pageNumber="635" pagination="14 - 17" refId="ref2979" refString="Quinteros-Munoz, O., Marca, B., Gomez-Murillo, P., and Espinoza-Echeverria, J. (2024 a) La culebra silbadora Spilotes sulphureus (Serpentes: Colubridae), extension del area de distribucion en Bolivia y notas sobre su comportamiento. Kempffiana, 20, 14 - 17." type="journal article" year="2024">Quinteros-Muñoz, Marca, Gómez-Murillo, Espinoza-Echeverría, 2024a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E294FEB878077D1922191C49FD8FF9F2" box="[302,595,1627,1656]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Phrynonax" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="635" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sexcarinatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="17E0592978077D1922191C49FD8FF9F2" bold="true" box="[302,595,1627,1656]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="635">Phrynonax sexcarinatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4105F8CA78077D1921B61C49FDB0F925" author="Quinteros-Munoz, O. & Carpio, R. & Quispe, R. & Marca, B. & Espinoza-Echeverria, J." pageId="4" pageNumber="635" refId="ref3035" refString="Quinteros-Munoz, O., Carpio, R., Quispe, R., Marca, B., and Espinoza-Echeverria, J. (2024 b). The Neotropical Birdsnake: Phrynonax sexcarinatus (Serpentes: Colubridae), a new geographic record in Bolivia. Reptiles & Amphibians, 31, e 21830." type="journal volume" year="2024">Quinteros-Muñoz, Carpio, Quispe, Marca, Espinoza-Echeverría, 2024b</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E294FEB878077D19214C1C91FCBCF925" box="[635,864,1667,1696]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="635" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="whipala">
|
||||
<emphasis id="17E0592978077D19214C1C91FCBCF925" bold="true" box="[635,864,1667,1696]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="635">Chironius whipala</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in Quinteros et al., 2024c) that were not thought to be distributed in the Yungas ecoregion.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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