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<mods:title id="A7392403A8E23071635A3C3BAD1D7228">The worlds largest worm lizard: a new giant trogonophid (Squamata: Amphisbaenia) with extreme dental adaptations from the Eocene of Chambi, Tunisia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B74C754D5CB52B7EFC065796904B6CFC">Marivaux, Laurent</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="12EC2E18CCACD5199715752CE1CDB0EF">2024</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7117D4FFCDB45FFCE3F92F0943F88B" authority="Georgalis &amp; Smith" authorityName="Georgalis &amp; Smith" authorityYear="2024" box="[865,1296,1868,1895]" class="Reptilia" family="Trogonophidae" genus="Terastiodontosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B905B045FFCDB45FFCE3F92F081BF88A" bold="true" box="[865,1096,1868,1895]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Terastiodontosaurus</emphasis>
Georgalis &amp; Smith
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<emphasis id="B905B045FFCAB458FF03FEF30CA3FF45" box="[129,240,144,168]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Etymology:</emphasis>
The genus name derives from the Greek words ‘τεΡάστιος’ (terastios), meaning huge/enormous, ‘ὀδούς’ [in genitive: ‘ὀδόντος’ (odontos)], meaning tooth, and ‘σΑύΡΑ’ (saura), meaning lizard. The gender of the new genus name is masculine.
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<emphasis id="B905B045FFCAB458FF03FF200DCEFEB7" box="[129,413,322,346]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Type and only known species:</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B905B045FFCAB458FE21FF210F59FEB7" box="[419,778,322,346]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Terastiodontosaurus marcelosanchezi</emphasis>
Georgalis
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&amp; Smith gen. et sp. nov.
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As for the
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and only known species.
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Note on the proper authorship and spelling of
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:
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Although authorship of
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is generally attributed to
<bibRefCitation id="EFE011A6FFCAB458FF5AFC6D0D0CFDCB" author="Gray JE" box="[216,351,526,550]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="442 - 55" refId="ref25388" refString="Gray JE. A revision of the genera and species of Amphisbaenians * with the descriptions of some new species now in the collection of the British Museum. Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of London 1865; 1865: 442 - 55." type="journal article" year="1865">Gray (1865)</bibRefCitation>
(e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE011A6FFCAB458FE1DFC6D0E40FDCB" author="Estes R" box="[415,531,526,550]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref23954" refString="Estes R. ºauria Terrestria * Amphisbaenia. In: Wellnhofer P (ed.) * Encyclopedia of Paleoherpetology, Part 10 a. ºtuttgart and New York: Gustav Fischer * 1983 * 249." type="journal volume" year="1983">Estes 1983</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFE011A6FFCAB458FDA0FC6D0EF7FDCB" author="Bailon" box="[546,676,526,550]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="539 - 58" refId="ref21353" refString="Bailon º. Amphibiens et reptiles du Pliocene terminal d'Ahl al Oughlam (Casablanca * Maroc). Geodiversitas 2000; 22: 539 - 58." type="journal article" year="2000">Bailon 2000</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFE011A6FFCAB458FD36FC6D0CE6FDA8" author="Kearney M" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 74" refId="ref26695" refString="Kearney M. ºystematics of the Amphisbaenia (Lepidosauria: ºquamata) based on morphological evidence from recent and fossil forms. Herpetological Monographs 2003; 17: 1 - 74. https: // doi. org / 10.1655 / 0733 - 1347 (2003) 017 [0001: sotalb] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2003">Kearney 2003</bibRefCitation>
), it should be noted that versions of that name had also appeared earlier. These are the Trogonophidina of
<bibRefCitation id="EFE011A6FFCAB458FD1DFC2E0C86FD69" author="Bonaparte CL" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="391 - 7" refId="ref22187" refString="Bonaparte CL. Amphibiorum tabula analytica. Nuovi annali delle scienze naturali 1838 a; 1: 391 - 7." type="journal article" year="1838">Bonaparte (1838a)</bibRefCitation>
, Trogonophina of
<bibRefCitation id="EFE011A6FFCAB458FE2BFC0F0E3FFD69" author="Bonaparte CL" box="[425,620,620,644]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="105 - 33" refId="ref22208" refString="Bonaparte CL. ºynopsis vertebratorum systematis. Nuovi annali delle scienze naturali 1838 b; 2: 105 - 33." type="journal article" year="1838">Bonaparte (1838b</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFE011A6FFCAB458FDFCFC0F0EE1FD69" author="Bonaparte CL" box="[638,690,620,644]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="385 - 456" refId="ref22229" refString="Bonaparte CL. Amphibia Europaea. Ad systema nostrum vertebratorum ordinata. Memorie della Reale Accademia delle Scienze di Torino, Serie II 1839; 2: 385 - 456." type="journal article" year="1839">1839</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFE011A6FFCAB458FD46FC0F0F50FD69" author="Bonaparte CL" box="[708,771,620,644]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="247 - 304" refId="ref22260" refString="Bonaparte CL. XVI. A new systematic arrangement of vertebrated animals. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 1840 a; 18: 247 - 304. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8339.1838. tb 00177. x" type="journal article" year="1840">1840a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFE011A6FFCAB458FF03FCE80C92FD4E" author="Bonaparte CL" box="[129,193,651,675]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="90 - 101" refId="ref22308" refString="Bonaparte CL. Prodromus systematis herpetologiae. Nuovi Annali delle Scienze naturali, Bologna 1840 b; 4: 90 - 101." type="journal article" year="1840">1840b</bibRefCitation>
),
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of
<bibRefCitation id="EFE011A6FFCAB458FE1EFCE80E71FD4E" author="Gray JE" box="[412,546,651,675]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="18 - 152" refId="ref25319" refString="Gray JE. Zoological Collection. In: Synopsis of the contents of the British Museum. London: G. Woodfall and ºon * Angel Court * ºkinner ºtreet * 1840 * 18 - 152." type="book chapter" year="1840">Gray (1840)</bibRefCitation>
, and Trogonophes of
<bibRefCitation id="EFE011A6FFCAB458FF03FCC80D7CFD2E" author="Fitzinger LJFJ" box="[129,303,683,707]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref24128" refString="Fitzinger LJFJ. Systema reptilium. Fasciculus primus. Amblyglossae. Vindobonae (= Vienna): Braumuller et ºeidel Bibliopolas * 1843 * vi + 106. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 4694" type="journal volume" year="1843">Fitzinger (1843)</bibRefCitation>
. Even within the works of Gray, that author earlier misspelled this group as Trigonophes and Trigonophidae (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE011A6FFCAB458FF09FC8A0CAAFCEC" author="Gray JE" box="[139,249,745,769]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref25356" refString="Gray JE. Catalogue of the Tortoises, Crocodiles, and Amphisbaenians in the Collection of the British Museum. London: British Museum of Natural History * 1844 * 80." type="journal volume" year="1844">Gray 1844</bibRefCitation>
), with
<bibRefCitation id="EFE011A6FFCAB458FECAFC8A0D9BFCEC" author="Kuhn O" box="[328,456,745,769]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref27006" refString="Kuhn O. Die Reptilien, System und Stammesgeschichte. Krailing bei Munchen: Oeben * 1966 * 154." type="journal volume" year="1966">Kuhn (1966</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFE011A6FFCAB458FE54FC8A0E59FCEC" author="Kuhn O" box="[470,522,745,769]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref27026" refString="Kuhn O. Amphibien und Reptilien. Katalog der Subfamilien und hoheren Taxa mit Nachweis des ersten Auftretens. ºtuttgart: G. Fischer * 1967 * 124." type="journal volume" year="1967">1967</bibRefCitation>
) subsequently assigning authorship to
<bibRefCitation id="EFE011A6FFCAB458FE94FD6A0DCFFCCC" author="Gray JE" box="[278,412,777,801]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref25356" refString="Gray JE. Catalogue of the Tortoises, Crocodiles, and Amphisbaenians in the Collection of the British Museum. London: British Museum of Natural History * 1844 * 80." type="journal volume" year="1844">Gray (1844)</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE011A6FFCAB458FE28FD6A0E0EFCCD" author="Vanzolini PEA" box="[426,605,776,801]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="113 - 23" refId="ref31351" refString="Vanzolini PEA. systematic arrangement of the Family Amphisbaenidae (ºauria). Herpetologica 1951; 7: 113 - 23." type="journal article" year="1951">Vanzolini (1951)</bibRefCitation>
supposedly created Trogonophinae as a new subfamily; however, obviously this cannot be the case following the Principle of Coordination of ICZN (1999: Article 36), which dictates that A name established for a taxon at any rank in the family group is deemed to have been simultaneously established for nominal taxa at all other ranks in the family group. This being said, it thus appears that Trogonophidina of
<bibRefCitation id="EFE011A6FFCAB458FE0AFD870EDDFC11" author="Bonaparte CL" box="[392,654,996,1020]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="391 - 7" refId="ref22187" refString="Bonaparte CL. Amphibiorum tabula analytica. Nuovi annali delle scienze naturali 1838 a; 1: 391 - 7." type="journal article" year="1838">Bonaparte (1838a: 392)</bibRefCitation>
is the first introduction of the name, although it was not accompanied by a diagnosis or an explicit mention of a
<typeStatus id="54CAD2F5FFCAB458FD88FA400E6BFBD6" box="[522,568,1059,1083]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
genus. The same applies to the second usage of the name, again by the same author and again in the same year, Trogonophina of
<bibRefCitation id="EFE011A6FFCAB458FDC4FA010CFDFB74" author="Bonaparte CL" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="105 - 33" refId="ref22208" refString="Bonaparte CL. ºynopsis vertebratorum systematis. Nuovi annali delle scienze naturali 1838 b; 2: 105 - 33." type="journal article" year="1838">Bonaparte (1838b: 124)</bibRefCitation>
, which also was not accompanied by a diagnosis or a
<typeStatus id="54CAD2F5FFCAB458FD59FAE20F5AFB74" box="[731,777,1153,1177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
genus. The following year,
<bibRefCitation id="EFE011A6FFCAB458FE09FAC30E38FB55" author="Bonaparte CL" box="[395,619,1184,1208]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="385 - 456" refId="ref22229" refString="Bonaparte CL. Amphibia Europaea. Ad systema nostrum vertebratorum ordinata. Memorie della Reale Accademia delle Scienze di Torino, Serie II 1839; 2: 385 - 456." type="journal article" year="1839">Bonaparte (1839: 10)</bibRefCitation>
applied, for the first time, a (rather brief) diagnosis for Trogonophina, simply stating Dentes cum maxillis concreti, but again still no explicit mention of a
<typeStatus id="54CAD2F5FFCAB458FE8FFA9D0D68FAFB" box="[269,315,1278,1302]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
genus was made; this is also exactly the case for his subsequent works (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE011A6FFCAB458FE1AFB7D0E2EFAD8" author="Bonaparte CL" box="[408,637,1309,1333]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="247 - 304" refId="ref22260" refString="Bonaparte CL. XVI. A new systematic arrangement of vertebrated animals. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 1840 a; 18: 247 - 304. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8339.1838. tb 00177. x" type="journal article" year="1840">Bonaparte 1840a: 286</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFE011A6FFCAB458FD0CFB7E0EAAFAD8" author="Bonaparte CL" box="[654,761,1309,1333]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="90 - 101" refId="ref22308" refString="Bonaparte CL. Prodromus systematis herpetologiae. Nuovi Annali delle Scienze naturali, Bologna 1840 b; 4: 90 - 101." type="journal article" year="1840">1840b: 99</bibRefCitation>
), where he applied the name with the same exactly diagnosis but again with no explicit mention of a
<typeStatus id="54CAD2F5FFCAB458FDA8FB3F0E0BFA99" box="[554,600,1372,1396]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
genus. Later on, the same author added the number of species he included in that group (i.e. one) and its geographical distribution as Africa (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE011A6FFCAB458FF09FBD90D63FA3F" author="Bonaparte CL" box="[139,304,1466,1490]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref22331" refString="Bonaparte CL. Conspectus systematum herpetologiae et amphibiologiae. Editio altera reformata. Lugduni Batavorum: E. J. Brill * 1850 * 1." type="journal volume" year="1850">Bonaparte 1850</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFE011A6FFCAB458FEBFFBD90D22FA3F" author="Bonaparte CL" box="[317,369,1466,1490]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="89 - 96" refId="ref22357" refString="Bonaparte CL. Conspectus systematum herpetologiae et amphibiologiae. Editio altera reformata. (Continuazione). Nuovi Annali delle Scienze naturali, Bologna, Serie III 1852; 5: 89 - 96 and 477 - 480." type="journal article" year="1852">1852</bibRefCitation>
). Duméril and Bibron (1839) used the name Trogonophides, also providing a thorough description of
<taxonomicName id="4C7117D4FFCAB458FF00FB9A0D39F9FD" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1830" box="[130,362,1529,1553]" class="Squamata" family="Trogonophidae" genus="Trogonophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wiegmanni">
<emphasis id="B905B045FFCAB458FF00FB9A0D39F9FD" box="[130,362,1529,1553]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Trogonophis wiegmanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; however, it is evident in their text that this name was simply an informal plural name for the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C7117D4FFCAB458FF03F8540CAAF9A2" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1830" box="[129,249,1591,1615]" class="Squamata" family="Trogonophidae" genus="Trogonophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B905B045FFCAB458FF03F8540CAAF9A2" box="[129,249,1591,1615]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Trogonophis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, for which they were also using the informal singular term Le Trogonophide.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE011A6FFCAB458FEFCF8340E74F982" author="Gray JE" box="[382,551,1623,1647]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="18 - 152" refId="ref25319" refString="Gray JE. Zoological Collection. In: Synopsis of the contents of the British Museum. London: G. Woodfall and ºon * Angel Court * ºkinner ºtreet * 1840 * 18 - 152." type="book chapter" year="1840">Gray (1840: 42)</bibRefCitation>
was the first explicitly to mention a genus (
<taxonomicName id="4C7117D4FFCAB458FEE8F8150DB1F963" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1830" box="[362,482,1654,1678]" class="Squamata" family="Trogonophidae" genus="Trogonophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B905B045FFCAB458FEE8F8150DB1F963" box="[362,482,1654,1678]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Trogonophis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Kaup) associated with his family group name
<taxonomicName id="4C7117D4FFCAB458FED1F8F60DBBF940" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1838" box="[339,488,1685,1709]" class="Squamata" family="Trogonophidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Trogonophidae</taxonomicName>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="EFE011A6FFCAB458FDA9F8F60E8AF940" author="Fitzinger LJFJ" box="[555,729,1685,1709]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref24128" refString="Fitzinger LJFJ. Systema reptilium. Fasciculus primus. Amblyglossae. Vindobonae (= Vienna): Braumuller et ºeidel Bibliopolas * 1843 * vi + 106. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 4694" type="journal volume" year="1843">Fitzinger (1843)</bibRefCitation>
was the first explicitly to mention both a genus (
<taxonomicName id="4C7117D4FFCAB458FDBDF8D60EE4F920" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1830" box="[575,695,1717,1741]" class="Squamata" family="Trogonophidae" genus="Trogonophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B905B045FFCAB458FDBDF8D60EE4F920" box="[575,695,1717,1741]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Trogonophis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Kaup) and a species (
<emphasis id="B905B045FFCAB458FEA7F8B70E5FF901" box="[293,524,1748,1772]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Trogonoph.
<taxonomicName id="4C7117D4FFCAB458FE1EF8B60E5FF901" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1830" box="[412,524,1749,1772]" class="Squamata" family="Trogonophidae" genus="Trogonophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wiegmanni">Wiegmanni</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
. Kaup) associated with his family group name Trogonophes. Nevertheless, an explicit mention of a
<typeStatus id="54CAD2F5FFCAB458FE88F9700D6BF8C6" box="[266,312,1811,1835]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
genus is not a formal requirement for family-group names that were established before 1999, but instead it is enough that there is an indirect inference of the genus from the stem of the family-group name (see ICZN 1999: Article 11.7). Accordingly, authorship of
<taxonomicName id="4C7117D4FFCAB458FE15F9F30E66F845" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1838" box="[407,565,1936,1960]" class="Squamata" family="Trogonophidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Trogonophidae</taxonomicName>
should be attributed to
<bibRefCitation id="EFE011A6FFCAB458FF19F9D30D0CF82A" author="Bonaparte CL" box="[155,351,1967,1991]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="391 - 7" refId="ref22187" refString="Bonaparte CL. Amphibiorum tabula analytica. Nuovi annali delle scienze naturali 1838 a; 1: 391 - 7." type="journal article" year="1838">Bonaparte (1838a)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCE6C57FFCAB458FCD7FEF30953FCB4" blockId="4.[825,1476,144,857]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
This being said and now that the proper authorship of the family-group name is clarified, a further comment on the proper spelling of the name is also required. Taking into consideration that the proper authorship of the family-group name is
<bibRefCitation id="EFE011A6FFCAB458FCBBFF6D0852FEC8" author="Bonaparte CL" box="[825,1025,269,293]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="391 - 7" refId="ref22187" refString="Bonaparte CL. Amphibiorum tabula analytica. Nuovi annali delle scienze naturali 1838 a; 1: 391 - 7." type="journal article" year="1838">Bonaparte (1838a)</bibRefCitation>
, it follows that his Trogonophidina would be transformed into Trogonophididae, a spelling that has not appeared the literature. It should be noted that some, mostly recent, authors have used the spelling
<taxonomicName id="4C7117D4FFCAB458FB25FF08091FFE6E" box="[1191,1356,363,387]" class="Squamata" family="Trogonophiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Trogonophiidae</taxonomicName>
(e.g.
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,
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Čerňanský
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2015a
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, Zheng and Wiens 2016,
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). Nevertheless, the spelling that has made the most frequent appearance in the literature is
<taxonomicName id="4C7117D4FFCAB458FAA4FFAA0997FE0C" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1838" box="[1318,1476,457,481]" class="Squamata" family="Trogonophidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Trogonophidae</taxonomicName>
(e.g.
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,
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,
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, El-Assy and
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<emphasis id="B905B045FFCAB458FA33FC040F01FD70" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al.</emphasis>
2017,
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Hawkins
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2022
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, Araújo Salvino
<emphasis id="B905B045FFCAB458FA8CFCE5096DFD70" box="[1294,1342,645,669]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al.</emphasis>
2024, Bell
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2024). Following ICZN (1999: Article 29.5), the spelling of a family-group name that is in prevailing usage should be maintained, even if this spelling is not the original spelling and even if its derivation from the name of the
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genus is not formed in a grammatically correct manner. Accordingly, the proper spelling of this family-group name is
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Genus
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Chevrolat
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in
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Chevrolat
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in
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(
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species
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Fabricius, 1801
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, by subsequent designation of
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).
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This genus currently contains 37 described species, distributed from
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through much of South America. See
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for a habitus illustration. However, some of these species are very similar to those currently in
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. The characteristics of other species currently in
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are intermediate between the two genera. Likely, careful investigation will either reveal the need for synonymizing the two putative genera, or the investigation will lead to the transferal of some species from
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to
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<emphasis id="6DAA44738728801CFF053177635B5566" box="[189,363,1117,1143]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Metrogaleruca</emphasis>
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Genus
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(
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species
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, by monotypy).
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(
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species
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28728801CFD4C3734668F5329" authority="Bechyne, 1956" authorityName="Bechyne" authorityYear="1956" box="[756,1215,541,568]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Corynocesta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peruviana">
<emphasis id="6DAA44738728801CFD4C373466365326" box="[756,1030,542,568]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Corynocesta peruviana</emphasis>
Bechyné, 1956
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, by monotypy).
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<emphasis id="6DAA44738728801CFF05374A631F536B" bold="true" box="[189,303,608,634]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Remarks</emphasis>
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This genus contains three described species, all from South America. See
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,
<figureCitation id="C7E584E48728801CFB3D37A5668453B8" box="[1157,1204,655,681]" captionStart="Figs 208217" captionStartId="98.[189,241,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[270,1347,278,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-77@98.[227,1360,266,1817]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="Figs 208217. Male antennae. 208. Platynocera murina Blanchard, 1846. 209. Cornubrotica dilaticornis (Baly, 1879). 210. Cerotoma arcuata (Olivier, 1791). 211. Eccoptopsis costaricensis Blake, 1966. 212. Metrobrotica geometrica (Erichson, 1847). 213. Pseudoluperus longulus (LeConte, 1857). 214. Metacoryna fulvicollis Jacoby, 1888. 215. Iucetima minor (Bechyné, 1954). 216. Oroetes flavicollis Jacoby, 1888. 217. Deinocladus sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222593/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">208</figureCitation>
, and 229.
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28729801DFF05321060375645" ID-CoL="68ZN" authority="Wilcox, 1965: 43" authorityName="Wilcox" authorityPageNumber="43" authorityYear="1965" box="[189,519,1850,1877]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Ophraella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA44738729801DFF05321063065645" box="[189,310,1850,1876]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ophraella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908729801DFE84321060375645" author="Wilcox J. A." box="[316,519,1850,1877]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 226" refId="ref41744" refString="Wilcox J. A. 1965. A synopsis of the North American Galerucinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). New York State Museum and Science Service Bulletin 400: 1 - 226." type="journal article" year="1965">Wilcox, 1965: 43</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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(
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species
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28729801DFD17321066085645" authority="Fabricius, 1801" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1801" box="[687,1080,1850,1876]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Galleruca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="notata">
<emphasis id="6DAA44738729801DFD17321061485645" box="[687,888,1850,1876]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Galleruca notata</emphasis>
Fabricius, 1801
</taxonomicName>
, by original designation).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="17C4CBEA8729801CFF05325660A9509E" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="5F6198618729801DFF053256631F5687" blockId="10.[189,303,1916,1942]" box="[189,303,1916,1942]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="04292F0D8729801DFF053256631F5687" bold="true" box="[189,303,1916,1942]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="3">
<emphasis id="6DAA44738729801DFF053256631F5687" bold="true" box="[189,303,1916,1942]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5F6198618729801CFF05328160A9509E" blockId="10.[188,1399,1963,2025]" lastBlockId="11.[189,1399,265,400]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
This genus contains 14 described species, occurring from
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F18729801DFCE53281618556D4" box="[861,949,1963,1989]" name="Canada" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Canada</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F18729801DFC613281660656D4" box="[985,1078,1963,1989]" name="Mexico" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Mexico</collectingCountry>
. See
<figureCitation id="C7E584E48729801DFBC9328166C356D4" box="[1137,1267,1963,1989]" captionStart="Figs 3745" captionStartId="75.[189,241,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[219,1368,270,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-69@75.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="Figs 3745. Dorsal views. 37. Ophraella americana (Fabricius, 1801). 38. Ophraella notata (Fabricius, 1801). 39. Ophraella cribrata (LeConte, 1865). 40. Ophraea rugosa Jacoby, 1886. 41. Neolochmaea obliterata (Olivier, 1808). 42. Iucetima minor (Bechyné, 1954). 43. Chlorolochmaea parallela (Bowditch, 1923). 44. Galeruca rudis LeConte, 1857. 45. Gonaives buenae Clark, 1987." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222517" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222517/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 3739</figureCitation>
for habitus illustrations. See
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908729801DFE3232E4600956F9" author="LeSage L." box="[394,569,1998,2024]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 75" refId="ref39463" refString="LeSage L. 1986. A taxonomic monograph of the Nearctic galerucine genus Ophraella Wilcox (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 133: 1 - 75. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / entm 118133 fv" type="journal article" year="1986">LeSage (1986)</bibRefCitation>
for a key to the species. However, realize that two additional species have been named subsequent to that key (
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908728801CFD11342361685032" author="Futuyma D. J." box="[681,856,265,291]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="163 - 186" refId="ref37363" refString="Futuyma D. J. 1990. Observations on the taxonomy and natural history of Ophraella Wilcox (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), with a description of a new species. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 98 (2): 163 - 186." type="journal article" year="1990">Futuyma 1990</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908728801CFCDD342361945032" author="Futuyma D. J." box="[869,932,265,291]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="643 - 653" refId="ref37410" refString="Futuyma D. J. 1991. A new species of Ophraella Wilcox (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from the southeastern United States. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 99 (4): 643 - 653." type="journal article" year="1991">1991</bibRefCitation>
). Another species,
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28728801CFB3B342363355056" authority="(Jacoby, 1886)" baseAuthorityName="Jacoby" baseAuthorityYear="1886" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Ophraella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="godmani">
<emphasis id="6DAA44738728801CFB3B3423673F5032" box="[1155,1295,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">O. godmani</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908728801CFAA6342362CC5056" author="Jacoby M." pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref38704" refString="Jacoby M. 1886. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Galerucidae. Volume 6, Part 1: 409 - 496. London." type="book" year="1886">Jacoby, 1886</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, occurring in
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F18728801CFE10340760325056" box="[424,514,301,327]" name="Mexico" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Mexico</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F18728801CFD833407608D5056" box="[571,701,301,327]" name="Guatemala" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
, is also included in the genus, but this generic placement is extremely questionable. Several South American species have also been included in the genus (
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908728801CFAB6347B62CB509E" author="Bechyne J." pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="279 - 459" refId="ref34480" refString="Bechyne J. 1997. Evaluacion de los datos sobre los Phytophaga daninos en Venezuela (Coleoptera), parte II. Boletin de Entomologia Venezolana, Serie Monografias 1: 279 - 459." type="journal article" year="1997">Bechyné 1997</bibRefCitation>
), but we also doubt this placement.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="F07EDC8D267A4BAD4AEFA413EBB1B97E">New World genera of Galerucinae Latreille, 1802 (tribes Galerucini Latreille, 1802, Metacyclini Chapuis, 1875, and Luperini Gistel, 1848): an annotated list and identification key (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="9C4CAFF7F90A62BEE8B0F9C17F8AC11E">Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA. &amp; Kerala Agricultural University, Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695522, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<heading id="04292F0D8729801DFD8A36DE6632551F" box="[562,1026,1011,1038]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="2">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28729801DFD3C36D96632551F" ID-CoL="63DHM" authority="Laboissiere, 1939" authorityName="Laboissiere" authorityYear="1939" box="[644,1026,1011,1038]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Neolochmaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA44738729801DFD3C36D9611A551F" bold="true" box="[644,810,1011,1038]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Neolochmaea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908729801DFC8936DE6632551F" author="Laboissiere V." box="[817,1026,1012,1038]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="153 - 158" refId="ref39227" refString="Laboissiere V. 1939. Resultats scientifiques des croisieres du navire-ecole belge Mercator. XIII, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae (Coleoptera). Memoires du Musee royal d'Histoire naturelle de Belgique (ser. 2) 15: 153 - 158." type="journal article" year="1939">Laboissière, 1939</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<emphasis id="6DAA44738729801DFF05311C636E5541" box="[189,350,1078,1104]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Neolochmaea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908729801DFED6311C60BA5540" author="Laboissiere V." box="[366,650,1078,1105]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="153 - 158" refId="ref39227" refString="Laboissiere V. 1939. Resultats scientifiques des croisieres du navire-ecole belge Mercator. XIII, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae (Coleoptera). Memoires du Musee royal d'Histoire naturelle de Belgique (ser. 2) 15: 153 - 158." type="journal article" year="1939">Laboissière, 1939: 153</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="7FCEBF4F8729801DFD22311C63B35562" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
(
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species
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28729801DFCF2311C66EA5541" authority="Jacoby, 1889" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1889" box="[842,1242,1078,1104]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Lochmaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tropica">
<emphasis id="6DAA44738729801DFCF2311C66175541" box="[842,1063,1078,1104]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Lochmaea tropica</emphasis>
Jacoby, 1889
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, by original designation).
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<subSubSection id="17C4CBEA8729801DFF0531B167525416" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="discussion">
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<emphasis id="6DAA44738729801DFF0531B1631F55A4" bold="true" box="[189,303,1179,1205]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5F6198618729801DFF0531E067525416" blockId="10.[189,1398,1226,1288]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
This genus contains three described species, distributed in
<collectingRegion id="9D1A56838729801DFCC631E061E655F5" box="[894,982,1226,1252]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Florida</collectingRegion>
, the West Indies, Central America, and South America. See
<figureCitation id="C7E584E48729801DFE5831C760035419" box="[480,563,1261,1288]" captionStart="Figs 3745" captionStartId="75.[189,241,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[219,1368,270,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-69@75.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="Figs 3745. Dorsal views. 37. Ophraella americana (Fabricius, 1801). 38. Ophraella notata (Fabricius, 1801). 39. Ophraella cribrata (LeConte, 1865). 40. Ophraea rugosa Jacoby, 1886. 41. Neolochmaea obliterata (Olivier, 1808). 42. Iucetima minor (Bechyné, 1954). 43. Chlorolochmaea parallela (Bowditch, 1923). 44. Galeruca rudis LeConte, 1857. 45. Gonaives buenae Clark, 1987." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222517" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222517/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
for a habitus illustration. See
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908729801DFC2C31C466755419" author="Moura L. de" box="[916,1093,1262,1288]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="169 - 188" refId="ref39696" refString="Moura L. de. A. 1998 c. Revisao do genero Neolochmaea (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae). Iheringia, Zoologia 85: 169 - 188." type="journal article" year="1998">Moura (1998c)</bibRefCitation>
for a key to the species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<mods:title id="891B8F4A663021A2FE000F96124E14AB">New World genera of Galerucinae Latreille, 1802 (tribes Galerucini Latreille, 1802, Metacyclini Chapuis, 1875, and Luperini Gistel, 1848): an annotated list and identification key (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)</mods:title>
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Genus
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(
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species
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, by subsequent designation of
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).
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This genus currently contains twelve species, distributed from Arizona to
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. See
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,
<figureCitation id="C7E584E48729801DFAFB332F67425731" box="[1347,1394,1541,1568]" captionStart="Figs 153157. 153" captionStartId="88.[189,241,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[212,1375,265,1850]" captionTargetId="figure-61@88.[212,1375,265,1858]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="Figs 153157. 153. Galerucella nymphaeae (Linnaeus, 1758), ventral view. 154. Ophraea rugosa Jacoby, 1886, ventral view. 155. Zepherina defensa (Bechyné, 1956), head, including maxillary palpi. 156. Pyesexora sp., head, including maxillary palpi. 157. Byblitea sp., lower portion of head, including maxillary palpi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222557/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">154</figureCitation>
, and 188 for a habitus illustration and morphological details. See
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908729801DFC083302665C5752" author="Bechyne J." box="[944,1132,1576,1603]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="237 - 270" refId="ref34096" refString="Bechyne J. 1950. Notes sur les Chrysomeloidea de l'Amerique du Sud et du Centre (Col. Phytoph.). Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey 1: 237 - 270." type="journal article" year="1950">Bechyné (1950)</bibRefCitation>
for a key that includes some, but certainly not all, of the species currently placed in the genus. However, be aware that
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<emphasis id="6DAA44738729801DFABD3366675D5777" box="[1285,1389,1612,1638]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ophraea</emphasis>
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, as currently constituted, is heterogeneous. Some species should probably be transferred to other genera, such as
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28729801DFEA333B963F957BC" authorityName="Bechyne &amp; Bechyne" authorityYear="1969" box="[283,457,1683,1709]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Metrogaleruca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA44738729801DFEA333B963F957BC" box="[283,457,1683,1709]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Metrogaleruca</emphasis>
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. The following key to genera reflects the characteristics of the
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species, but not necessarily those of all the species currently included in the
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Genus
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<emphasis id="6DAA44738729801DFD0934CE612E50EF" bold="true" box="[689,798,484,510]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Monoxia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908729801DFC9E34CE61E550EF" author="LeConte J. L." box="[806,981,483,510]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="204 - 222" refId="ref39371" refString="LeConte J. L. 1865. On the species of Galeruca and allied genera inhabiting North America. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 18: 204 - 222." type="journal article" year="1865">LeConte, 1865</bibRefCitation>
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(
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species
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<emphasis id="6DAA44738729801DFD49370F61D8532E" box="[753,1000,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Galleruca angularis</emphasis>
LeConte, 1859
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, by subsequent designation of
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).
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<emphasis id="6DAA44738729801DFF0537A1631F53B4" bold="true" box="[189,303,651,677]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Remarks</emphasis>
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This genus contains 15 described species, distributed from
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to
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F18729801DFC603793666B53C2" box="[984,1115,697,723]" name="Guatemala" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
. See
<figureCitation id="C7E584E48729801DFB2B379366D353C5" box="[1171,1251,697,724]" captionStart="Figs 2836" captionStartId="74.[189,241,1855,1881]" captionTargetBox="[229,1353,268,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-75@74.[227,1360,265,1816]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="Figs 2836. Dorsal views. 28. Schematiza flavofasciata (Klug, 1829). 29. Yingaresca difficilis (Bowditch, 1923). 30. Yingaresca fuscomaculata (Jacoby, 1886). 31. Metrogaleruca obscura (Degeer, 1775). 32. Brucita marmorata (Jacoby, 1886). 33. Platynocera murina Blanchard, 1846. 34. Erynephala maritima (LeConte, 1865). 35. Monoxia angularis (LeConte, 1859). 36. Yingabruxia sordida (LeConte, 1858) comb. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222513/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
for a habitus illustration. See
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908729801DFEC737F7602B53E6" author="Blake D. H." box="[383,539,733,759]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="145 - 171" refId="ref35021" refString="Blake D. H. 1939. A study of LeConte's types of the beetles in the genus Monoxia, with descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 87 (3072): 145 - 171. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.87 - 3072.145" type="journal article" year="1939">Blake (1939)</bibRefCitation>
for a key to the species. However, realize that one species from Texas has been named subsequent to that key, and the generic placement of the old species from
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warrants reevaluation (
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908729801DFE76360E6069522F" author="Riley E. G." box="[462,601,804,830]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="189 - 196" refId="ref40448" refString="Riley E. G. 2020. A new species of Monoxia LeConte, 1865 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Galerucini) from the coast of southern Texas, USA. The Pan-Pacific Entomologist 96 (3): 189 - 196. https: // doi. org / 10.3956 / 2020 - 96.3.189" type="journal article" year="2020">Riley 2020</bibRefCitation>
). All species of
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are rather similar to each other, although easily separating into two groups, those with slender, dorsoventrally flattened aedeagi, and those with more robust aedeagi. Whereas most of the species have bifid claws in the male and simple claws in the female, the anomalous species
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28729801DFD9B36A5615C52B8" authority="Blake, 1939" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="1939" box="[547,876,911,937]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Monoxia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schizonycha">
<emphasis id="6DAA44738729801DFD9B36A560E852B8" box="[547,728,911,937]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">M. schizonycha</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908729801DFD5836A5615C52B8" author="Blake D. H." box="[736,876,911,937]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="145 - 171" refId="ref35021" refString="Blake D. H. 1939. A study of LeConte's types of the beetles in the genus Monoxia, with descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 87 (3072): 145 - 171. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.87 - 3072.145" type="journal article" year="1939">Blake, 1939</bibRefCitation>
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has bifid claws in both genders. Four species formerly included in the genus are herein transferred to
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28729801DFCF5369861EC52DD" authority="Viswajyothi &amp; Clark, 2022" authorityName="Viswajyothi &amp; Clark" authorityYear="2022" box="[845,988,946,972]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Yingabruxia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="6DAA44738729801DFCF5369861EC52DD" box="[845,988,946,972]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Yingabruxia</emphasis>
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<mods:title id="A0ACEF21B8B4E7A54DE1AAAC6F646218">New World genera of Galerucinae Latreille, 1802 (tribes Galerucini Latreille, 1802, Metacyclini Chapuis, 1875, and Luperini Gistel, 1848): an annotated list and identification key (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)</mods:title>
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Genus
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(
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species
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2872A801EFC263283677956D5" authority="DeGeer, 1775" authorityName="DeGeer" authorityYear="1775" box="[926,1353,1961,1988]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chrysomela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscura">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473872A801EFC26328366A656D2" box="[926,1174,1961,1987]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Chrysomela obscura</emphasis>
DeGeer, 1775
</taxonomicName>
, by original designation).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<emphasis id="6DAA44738729801DFF053423631F5032" bold="true" box="[189,303,265,291]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5F6198618729801DFF05341D60B150AD" blockId="10.[189,1398,311,444]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
This genus currently includes only five species, distributed from
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F18729801DFC18341D61CA5040" box="[928,1018,311,337]" name="Mexico" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Mexico</collectingCountry>
through much of South America, as well as in the Lesser Antilles. However, some species currently placed in
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28729801DFBD3347162CA5089" authority="Chevrolat, 1836" authorityName="Chevrolat" authorityYear="1836" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Schematiza" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA44738729801DFBD3347166C15064" box="[1131,1265,347,373]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Schematiza</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908729801DFB43347162CA5089" author="Chevrolat L. A. A." pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="361 - 442" refId="ref35763" refString="Chevrolat L. A. A. 1836. In: Dejean P. F. M. A. (ed.) Catalogue des Coleopteres de la Collection de M. le Comte Dejean, Deuxieme edition, Livraison 5: 361 - 442. Mequignon-Marvis Pere et Fils, Paris." type="journal article" year="1836">Chevrolat, 1836</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28729801DFEBF345563B85089" authorityName="Bechyne" authorityYear="1956" box="[263,392,383,408]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Yingaresca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA44738729801DFEBF345563B85089" box="[263,392,383,408]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Yingaresca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, or
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28729801DFE01345460F35089" authority="Jacoby, 1886" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1886" box="[441,707,382,408]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Ophraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA44738729801DFE01345460115089" box="[441,545,382,408]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ophraea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908729801DFD91345460F35089" author="Jacoby M." box="[553,707,382,408]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref38704" refString="Jacoby M. 1886. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Galerucidae. Volume 6, Part 1: 409 - 496. London." type="book" year="1886">Jacoby, 1886</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
might properly belong in
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28729801DFC43345466995089" authorityName="Bechyne &amp; Bechyne" authorityYear="1969" box="[1019,1193,382,408]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Metrogaleruca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA44738729801DFC43345466995089" box="[1019,1193,382,408]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Metrogaleruca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. See
<figureCitation id="C7E584E48729801DFB54345467735088" box="[1260,1347,382,409]" captionStart="Figs 2836" captionStartId="74.[189,241,1855,1881]" captionTargetBox="[229,1353,268,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-75@74.[227,1360,265,1816]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="Figs 2836. Dorsal views. 28. Schematiza flavofasciata (Klug, 1829). 29. Yingaresca difficilis (Bowditch, 1923). 30. Yingaresca fuscomaculata (Jacoby, 1886). 31. Metrogaleruca obscura (Degeer, 1775). 32. Brucita marmorata (Jacoby, 1886). 33. Platynocera murina Blanchard, 1846. 34. Erynephala maritima (LeConte, 1865). 35. Monoxia angularis (LeConte, 1859). 36. Yingabruxia sordida (LeConte, 1858) comb. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222513/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 31</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="C7E584E48729801DFF06348862DA50AD" box="[190,234,418,444]" captionStart="Figs 218223. 218" captionStartId="99.[189,241,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[224,1348,265,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-76@99.[218,1351,265,1816]" captionTargetPageId="99" captionText="Figs 218223. 218. Socorroita carinipennis (Bowditch, 1923), lateral view showing elytral carina. 219. Socorroita elvira Bechyné, 1956, lateral view showing elytral carina. 220. Diorhabda carinulata (Desbrochers des Loges, 1870), lateral view showing elytral costa. 221. Metrogaleruca sp., lateral view showing elytropleuron. 222. Itaitubana lineatipennis (Jacoby, 1886), lateral view. 223. Caraguata pallida (Jacoby, 1886), lateral view of elytron." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222595" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222595/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">221</figureCitation>
for illustrations of
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28729801DFE733488604A50AD" authorityName="Bechyne &amp; Bechyne" authorityYear="1969" box="[459,634,418,444]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Metrogaleruca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA44738729801DFE733488604A50AD" box="[459,634,418,444]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Metrogaleruca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="4E154E97DED757F40B9D9455B2D29F88">New World genera of Galerucinae Latreille, 1802 (tribes Galerucini Latreille, 1802, Metacyclini Chapuis, 1875, and Luperini Gistel, 1848): an annotated list and identification key (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)</mods:title>
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Genus
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473872A801EFD063308611A572D" bold="true" box="[702,810,1570,1596]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Iucetima</emphasis>
Moura, 1998
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<treatmentCitation id="DE7FBE70872A801EFF05334C63CB576E" author="Moura L. de" box="[189,507,1637,1664]" page="76" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1998">
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473872A801EFF05334C6314576E" box="[189,292,1638,1663]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Iucetima</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590872A801EFE92334C63CB576E" author="Moura L. de" box="[298,507,1637,1664]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="75 - 88" refId="ref39660" refString="Moura L. de. A. 1998 b. Iucetima, genero novo de Galerucini da Regiao Neotropical (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae). Iheringia, Zoologia 85: 75 - 88." type="journal article" year="1998">Moura, 1998b: 76</bibRefCitation>
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(
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species
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2872A801EFD27334F66DC5791" authority="Bechyne, 1954" authorityName="Bechyne" authorityYear="1954" box="[671,1260,1637,1664]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Neolochmaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="quadrilineata" subSpecies="minor">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473872A801EFD27334F6603576E" box="[671,1075,1637,1663]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Neolochmaea quadrilineata minor</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590872A801EFB82334F66DC5791" author="Bechyne J." box="[1082,1260,1637,1664]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="116 - 133" refId="ref34158" refString="Bechyne J. 1954. Uber die in Matto Grosso von F. Plaumann gesammelten Chrysomeloidea (Col. Phytophaga). Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey 5 (1): 116 - 133." type="journal article" year="1954">Bechyné, 1954</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by original designation).
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473872A801EFF0533E4631F57F9" bold="true" box="[189,303,1742,1768]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5F619861872A801EFF0533D46154562C" blockId="9.[188,1399,1790,1854]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
This genus contains three described species. They occur in
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2872A801EFCD033D461D05609" box="[872,992,1790,1816]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Argentina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="9" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Argentina</taxonomicName>
,
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1872A801EFC5233D466055609" box="[1002,1077,1790,1816]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1872A801EFBC833D466EF5609" box="[1136,1247,1790,1816]" name="Paraguay" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
. See
<figureCitation id="C7E584E4872A801EFAA133D467425609" box="[1305,1394,1790,1816]" captionStart="Figs 3745" captionStartId="75.[189,241,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[219,1368,270,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-69@75.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="Figs 3745. Dorsal views. 37. Ophraella americana (Fabricius, 1801). 38. Ophraella notata (Fabricius, 1801). 39. Ophraella cribrata (LeConte, 1865). 40. Ophraea rugosa Jacoby, 1886. 41. Neolochmaea obliterata (Olivier, 1808). 42. Iucetima minor (Bechyné, 1954). 43. Chlorolochmaea parallela (Bowditch, 1923). 44. Galeruca rudis LeConte, 1857. 45. Gonaives buenae Clark, 1987." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222517" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222517/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 42</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="C7E584E4872A801EFF04320962DB562F" box="[188,235,1827,1854]" captionStart="Figs 208217" captionStartId="98.[189,241,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[270,1347,278,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-77@98.[227,1360,266,1817]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="Figs 208217. Male antennae. 208. Platynocera murina Blanchard, 1846. 209. Cornubrotica dilaticornis (Baly, 1879). 210. Cerotoma arcuata (Olivier, 1791). 211. Eccoptopsis costaricensis Blake, 1966. 212. Metrobrotica geometrica (Erichson, 1847). 213. Pseudoluperus longulus (LeConte, 1857). 214. Metacoryna fulvicollis Jacoby, 1888. 215. Iucetima minor (Bechyné, 1954). 216. Oroetes flavicollis Jacoby, 1888. 217. Deinocladus sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222593/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">215</figureCitation>
, and 224. See
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590872A801EFE2D32096076562C" author="Moura L. de" box="[405,582,1827,1853]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="75 - 88" refId="ref39660" refString="Moura L. de. A. 1998 b. Iucetima, genero novo de Galerucini da Regiao Neotropical (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae). Iheringia, Zoologia 85: 75 - 88." type="journal article" year="1998">Moura (1998b)</bibRefCitation>
for a key to the species.
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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<mods:title id="8E9B8D0031C24DDDF8EC134FC9197331">New World genera of Galerucinae Latreille, 1802 (tribes Galerucini Latreille, 1802, Metacyclini Chapuis, 1875, and Luperini Gistel, 1848): an annotated list and identification key (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)</mods:title>
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Genus
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473872A801EFF0537BA637653BB" box="[189,326,656,682]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Erynephala</emphasis>
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(
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species
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473872A801EFD0E37BA61A753BB" box="[694,919,656,682]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Galeruca maritima</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590872A801EFC2537BA667D53BA" author="LeConte J. L." box="[925,1101,656,683]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="204 - 222" refId="ref39371" refString="LeConte J. L. 1865. On the species of Galeruca and allied genera inhabiting North America. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 18: 204 - 222." type="journal article" year="1865">LeConte, 1865</bibRefCitation>
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, by original designation).
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<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590872A801EFEF8379F607B53DE" author="Bechyne J." box="[320,587,693,720]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="241 - 358" refId="ref34284" refString="Bechyne J. 1956 a. Reise des Herrn G. Frey in Sudamerika: Galerucidae (Col. Phytophaga). Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey 7 (1): 241 - 358." type="journal article" year="1956">Bechyné, 1956a: 302</bibRefCitation>
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(
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species
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2872A801EFCB6379F66E753DE" authority="Demay, 1838" authorityName="Demay" authorityYear="1838" box="[782,1239,693,720]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Galerucella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subvittata">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473872A801EFCB6379F662F53DE" box="[782,1055,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Galerucella subvittata</emphasis>
Demay, 1838
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, by original designation).
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473872A801EFF053634631F5229" bold="true" box="[189,303,798,824]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Remarks</emphasis>
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This genus contains six described species, distributed from
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1872A801EFC3C366461EC5279" box="[900,988,846,872]" name="Canada" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Canada</collectingCountry>
to
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2872A801EFBBB3664664C5279" box="[1027,1148,846,872]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Argentina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="9" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Argentina</taxonomicName>
. The tarsal claws are bifid in males and simple in females. The elytra are covered with short setae, but these are sparse and inconspicuous in some species. Our key enables correct identification, even if the elytra are interpreted to be asetose. See
<figureCitation id="C7E584E4872A801EFE2E369763DE52C6" box="[406,494,957,983]" captionStart="Figs 2836" captionStartId="74.[189,241,1855,1881]" captionTargetBox="[229,1353,268,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-75@74.[227,1360,265,1816]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="Figs 2836. Dorsal views. 28. Schematiza flavofasciata (Klug, 1829). 29. Yingaresca difficilis (Bowditch, 1923). 30. Yingaresca fuscomaculata (Jacoby, 1886). 31. Metrogaleruca obscura (Degeer, 1775). 32. Brucita marmorata (Jacoby, 1886). 33. Platynocera murina Blanchard, 1846. 34. Erynephala maritima (LeConte, 1865). 35. Monoxia angularis (LeConte, 1859). 36. Yingabruxia sordida (LeConte, 1858) comb. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222513/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 34</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="C7E584E4872A801EFD913697606552C9" box="[553,597,957,984]" captionStart="Figs 144152. 144" captionStartId="87.[189,241,1823,1849]" captionTargetBox="[251,1343,265,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-95@87.[243,1345,265,1774]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="Figs 144152. 144. Syphaxia maculata Jacoby, 1899, simple claws. 145. Pyesexora sp., appendiculate claws. 146. Monocesta coryli (Say, 1824), bifid claws. 147. Diorhabda carinulata (Desbrochers des Loges, 1870), bifid claws. 148. Pyesexora sp., basal spur of aedeagus present.149. Scelolyperus cyanellus (LeConte, 1865), basal spur of aedeagus absent. 150. Galeruca costatissima Blake, 1945, closed procoxal cavities. 151. Erynephala puncticollis (Say, 1824), open procoxal cavities. 152. Platycesta depressa (Viswajyothi &amp; Clark, 2021), open procoxal cavities." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222555" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222555/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">151</figureCitation>
for a habitus illustration and morphological details. See
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Groll
<emphasis id="6DAA4473872A801EFA843694674752C6" box="[1340,1399,957,983]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
(2022)
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for a cladistic analysis and a key to the described species.
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Genus
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473872A801EFD10310E6117552E" bold="true" box="[680,807,1060,1087]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Itaitubana</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473872A801EFF05314263075593" box="[189,311,1128,1154]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Itaitubana</emphasis>
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(
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species
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Bowditch, 1923
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, by monotypy).
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473872A801EFF053186631F55D7" bold="true" box="[189,303,1196,1222]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Remarks</emphasis>
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This genus currently contains nine species, distributed from
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through much of South America. See
<figureCitation id="C7E584E4872A801EFF4A302B6348540A" box="[242,376,1281,1307]" captionStart="Figs 1927" captionStartId="73.[189,241,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[228,1358,267,1813]" captionTargetId="figure-75@73.[227,1360,265,1816]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="Figs 1927.Dorsal views. 19. Nestinus bimaculatus Clark, 1865.20. Diorhabda carinulata (Desbrochers, 1870). 21. Apteroyinga andrewsi Viswajyothi &amp; Clark, 2020. 22. Tricholochmaea cavicollis (LeConte, 1865). 23. Pyrrhalta viburni (Paykull, 1799).24. Xanthogaleruca luteola (Müller, 1766).25. Galerucella nymphaeae (Linnaeus, 1758). 26. Itaitubana lineatipennis (Jacoby, 1886). 27. Itaitubana alternata (Jacoby, 1886)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222509/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 2627</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="C7E584E4872A801EFE0D302B63D1540A" box="[437,481,1281,1307]" captionStart="Figs 218223. 218" captionStartId="99.[189,241,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[224,1348,265,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-76@99.[218,1351,265,1816]" captionTargetPageId="99" captionText="Figs 218223. 218. Socorroita carinipennis (Bowditch, 1923), lateral view showing elytral carina. 219. Socorroita elvira Bechyné, 1956, lateral view showing elytral carina. 220. Diorhabda carinulata (Desbrochers des Loges, 1870), lateral view showing elytral costa. 221. Metrogaleruca sp., lateral view showing elytropleuron. 222. Itaitubana lineatipennis (Jacoby, 1886), lateral view. 223. Caraguata pallida (Jacoby, 1886), lateral view of elytron." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222595" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222595/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">222</figureCitation>
for habitus illustrations and morphological details. However, the species are heterogeneous. Among other things, the tarsal claws are reported to be either bifid or appendiculate. Future investigation will likely reveal that some species need to be transferred to other genera. Beyond the claws, the relative lengths of the antennomeres also vary. Some workers have used the very long third antennomere as a diagnostic character for
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473872A801EFD5F30BF615154BE" box="[743,865,1429,1455]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Itaitubana</emphasis>
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(e.g.,
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). Indeed, we have employed this character in the following key. However, species such as
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473872A801EFBF8309166F454C5" box="[1088,1220,1466,1492]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">I. alternata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590872A801EFB6B3090675E54C5" author="Jacoby M." box="[1235,1390,1466,1492]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref38704" refString="Jacoby M. 1886. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Galerucidae. Volume 6, Part 1: 409 - 496. London." type="book" year="1886">Jacoby, 1886</bibRefCitation>
)
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do not have this characteristic. Future study may prove that they would be better placed in
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473872A801EFB5E30F5675554E8" box="[1254,1381,1503,1529]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Caraguata</emphasis>
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.
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Genus
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<subSubSection id="17C4CBEA872A801EFD4F34666343509A" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="type_taxon">
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(
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species
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2872A801EFC2D3467677D5077" authority="Bowditch, 1923" authorityName="Bowditch" authorityYear="1923" box="[917,1357,332,358]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Monocesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parallela">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473872A801EFC2D346766B95077" box="[917,1161,332,358]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Monocesta parallela</emphasis>
Bowditch, 1923
</taxonomicName>
, by monotypy).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="17C4CBEA872A801EFF05349F61DF5335" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="discussion">
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<heading id="04292F0D872A801EFF05349F631F50DE" bold="true" box="[189,303,437,463]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="3">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473872A801EFF05349F631F50DE" bold="true" box="[189,303,437,463]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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This genus contains a single described species,
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2872A801EFCBD34CF664450EE" authority="(Bowditch, 1923)" baseAuthorityName="Bowditch" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[773,1140,485,511]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Monocesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parallela">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473872A801EFCBD34CF61A750EE" box="[773,919,485,511]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. parallela</emphasis>
(Bowditch, 1923)
</taxonomicName>
from South America (
<figureCitation id="C7E584E4872A801EFF7E3720632E5335" box="[198,286,522,548]" captionStart="Figs 3745" captionStartId="75.[189,241,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[219,1368,270,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-69@75.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="Figs 3745. Dorsal views. 37. Ophraella americana (Fabricius, 1801). 38. Ophraella notata (Fabricius, 1801). 39. Ophraella cribrata (LeConte, 1865). 40. Ophraea rugosa Jacoby, 1886. 41. Neolochmaea obliterata (Olivier, 1808). 42. Iucetima minor (Bechyné, 1954). 43. Chlorolochmaea parallela (Bowditch, 1923). 44. Galeruca rudis LeConte, 1857. 45. Gonaives buenae Clark, 1987." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222517" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222517/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
). See
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590872A801EFEDC372060245335" author="Moura L. de" box="[356,532,522,548]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="145 - 152" refId="ref39627" refString="Moura L. de. A. 1998 a. Novo status de Chlorolochmaea (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Galerucini). Iheringia, Zoologia 84: 145 - 152." type="journal article" year="1998">Moura (1998a)</bibRefCitation>
for a detailed description of the species.
</paragraph>
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@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
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Genus
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473872B801FFD7A3385612D57D8" bold="true" box="[706,797,1711,1737]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Brucita</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590872B801FFC9D339A61F457DB" author="Wilcox J. A." box="[805,964,1711,1738]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 226" refId="ref41744" refString="Wilcox J. A. 1965. A synopsis of the North American Galerucinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). New York State Museum and Science Service Bulletin 400: 1 - 226." type="journal article" year="1965">Wilcox, 1965</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473872B801FFF0533D86325561A" box="[189,277,1778,1803]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Brucita</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590872B801FFEA433D863D7561D" author="Wilcox J. A." box="[284,487,1777,1804]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 226" refId="ref41744" refString="Wilcox J. A. 1965. A synopsis of the North American Galerucinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). New York State Museum and Science Service Bulletin 400: 1 - 226." type="journal article" year="1965">Wilcox, 1965: 42</bibRefCitation>
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(
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species
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2872B801FFD3733D86679561D" authority="Jacoby, 1886" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1886" box="[655,1097,1778,1804]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Galerucella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marmorata">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473872B801FFD3733D86196561A" box="[655,934,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Galerucella marmorata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590872B801FFC1533D86679561D" author="Jacoby M." box="[941,1097,1778,1804]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref38704" refString="Jacoby M. 1886. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Galerucidae. Volume 6, Part 1: 409 - 496. London." type="book" year="1886">Jacoby, 1886</bibRefCitation>
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, by original designation).
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473872B801FFF05321E631F565F" bold="true" box="[189,303,1844,1870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Remarks</emphasis>
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Only a single species,
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473872B801FFE6F324E60B0566C" box="[471,640,1892,1917]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B. marmorata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590872B801FFD2C32496107566C" author="Jacoby M." box="[660,823,1891,1917]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref38704" refString="Jacoby M. 1886. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Galerucidae. Volume 6, Part 1: 409 - 496. London." type="book" year="1886">Jacoby, 1886</bibRefCitation>
)
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, occurring from south Texas to
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, is currently placed in this genus. See
<figureCitation id="C7E584E4872B801FFDE032AD609F56B0" box="[600,687,1927,1953]" captionStart="Figs 2836" captionStartId="74.[189,241,1855,1881]" captionTargetBox="[229,1353,268,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-75@74.[227,1360,265,1816]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="Figs 2836. Dorsal views. 28. Schematiza flavofasciata (Klug, 1829). 29. Yingaresca difficilis (Bowditch, 1923). 30. Yingaresca fuscomaculata (Jacoby, 1886). 31. Metrogaleruca obscura (Degeer, 1775). 32. Brucita marmorata (Jacoby, 1886). 33. Platynocera murina Blanchard, 1846. 34. Erynephala maritima (LeConte, 1865). 35. Monoxia angularis (LeConte, 1859). 36. Yingabruxia sordida (LeConte, 1858) comb. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222513/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 32</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="C7E584E4872B801FFD5132AD612556B0" box="[745,789,1927,1953]" captionStart="Figs 201207. 201" captionStartId="97.[189,241,1717,1743]" captionTargetBox="[280,1307,277,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-132@97.[280,1307,267,1674]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="Figs 201207. 201. Cornuventer tuberculatus (Blake, 1942) comb. nov., abdomen, ventral view, showing paired abdominal appendages. 202. Leptonesiotes cyanospila (Suffrian, 1867), posterior portion of body, ventral view, showing enlarged hind femur and preapically notched middle tibia. 203. Keitheatus blakeae (White, 1944), ventral view showing flattened hind basitarsi. 204. Brucita sp., distal portion of male front leg, showing small tubercle at base of basitarsus. 205. Aristobrotica?belemea (Gahan, 1891), middle leg of male, showing clasping organ. 206. Carpiradialis pueblensis Niño-Maldonado &amp; Clark, 2020, hind leg of male, showing modified distal portion of tibia. 207. Prathapanius fortis Viswajyothi &amp; Clark, 2020, anterior portion of body, lateral view, showing enlarged forefemur and spine on front trochanter." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222587" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222587/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">204</figureCitation>
for a habitus illustration and morphological details. However, some undescribed species or species currently placed in
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473872B801FFC513281665A56D5" box="[1001,1130,1963,1988]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Yingaresca</emphasis>
Bechyné, 1956
</taxonomicName>
might properly belong here.
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<mods:affiliation id="3C67808F5A35A8E13CCCC77C09F619EF">Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA. &amp; Kerala Agricultural University, Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695522, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4AC5D54A75459D89EDD0E7D2A5F24280">Clark, Shawn M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="229D9F17F08FEC062DDBBD95CAC39E28">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="1EA9FE33D94266A9B43D9473D3EBA55D">
<mods:date id="006DDD207BC43462E5005F7255C816BF">2022</mods:date>
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Genus
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473872C8018FD7A3759610E539F" bold="true" box="[706,830,627,654]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Metacycla</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590872C8018FCFD375961F4539C" author="Baly J. S." box="[837,964,627,653]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="275 - 302" refId="ref33918" refString="Baly J. S. 1861. Descriptions of new genera and species of Phytophaga. Journal of Entomology 1: 193 - 206, 275 - 302." type="journal article" year="1861">Baly, 1861</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitation id="DE7FBE70872C8018FF05379D63C953C0" author="Baly J. S." box="[189,505,695,721]" page="206" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" year="1861">
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2872C8018FF05379D63C953C0" authority="Baly, 1861: 206" authorityName="Baly" authorityPageNumber="206" authorityYear="1861" box="[189,505,695,721]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Metacycla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473872C8018FF05379D630753C0" box="[189,311,695,721]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Metacycla</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590872C8018FE86379D63C953C0" author="Baly J. S." box="[318,505,695,721]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="275 - 302" refId="ref33918" refString="Baly J. S. 1861. Descriptions of new genera and species of Phytophaga. Journal of Entomology 1: 193 - 206, 275 - 302." type="journal article" year="1861">Baly, 1861: 206</bibRefCitation>
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(
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species
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2872C8018FD18379D61D953C0" authority="Baly, 1861" authorityName="Baly" authorityYear="1861" box="[672,1001,695,721]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Metacycla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sallei">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473872C8018FD18379D615153C0" box="[672,865,695,721]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Metacycla sallei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590872C8018FCD0379D61D953C0" author="Baly J. S." box="[872,1001,695,721]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="275 - 302" refId="ref33918" refString="Baly J. S. 1861. Descriptions of new genera and species of Phytophaga. Journal of Entomology 1: 193 - 206, 275 - 302." type="journal article" year="1861">Baly, 1861</bibRefCitation>
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, by original designation).
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<treatmentCitation id="DE7FBE70872C8018FF0537F7600853E7" author="LeConte J. L." box="[189,568,732,759]" page="210" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" year="1865">
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2872C8018FF0537F7600853E7" authority="LeConte, 1865: 210" authorityName="LeConte" authorityPageNumber="210" authorityYear="1865" box="[189,568,732,759]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Gastrogyna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473872C8018FF0537F7637653E6" box="[189,326,733,759]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Gastrogyna</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590872C8018FEF637F6600853E7" author="LeConte J. L." box="[334,568,732,759]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="204 - 222" refId="ref39371" refString="LeConte J. L. 1865. On the species of Galeruca and allied genera inhabiting North America. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 18: 204 - 222." type="journal article" year="1865">LeConte, 1865: 210</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(
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species
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2872C8018FD6737F6664653E7" authority="LeConte, 1861" authorityName="LeConte" authorityYear="1861" box="[735,1142,732,758]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Diabrotica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insolita">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473872C8018FD6737F6618E53E7" box="[735,958,732,758]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Diabrotica insolita</emphasis>
LeConte, 1861
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, by monotypy).
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473872C8018FF05360A631F522B" bold="true" box="[189,303,800,826]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5F619861872C8018FF05367A63D05585" blockId="15.[187,1399,848,1172]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
This genus includes eight described species, plus several undescribed species. See
<figureCitation id="C7E584E4872C8018FB31367A66EC527B" box="[1161,1244,848,874]" captionStart="Figs 4654" captionStartId="76.[189,241,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[217,1371,268,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-76@76.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="Figs 4654. Dorsal views. 46. Hecataeus nigricollis Jacoby, 1888. 47. Nyctiplanctus? farri Blake, 1963. 48. Nyctiplanctus ferrugineus (Blake, 1963). 49. Metacycla sallei Baly, 1861. 50. Metalepta degandii Baly, 1961. 51. Zepherina defensa (Bechyné, 1956). 52. Zepherina trinidadensis (Weise, 1929). 53. Zepherina brevicollis (Weise, 1921). 54. Zepherina parvicollis Bechyné &amp; Bechyné, 1976." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222521" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222521/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 49</figureCitation>
for a habitus illustration. They occur in
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1872C8018FE44365F6066529E" box="[508,598,885,911]" name="Mexico" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Mexico</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1872C8018FD2B365F6122529E" box="[659,786,885,911]" name="Guatemala" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
(also doubtfully recorded from
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1872C8018FB2B365C66FE5281" box="[1171,1230,886,912]" name="Peru" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Peru</collectingCountry>
). Whereas the larvae of most
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2872C8018FED136B163C552A4" authorityName="Chapuis" authorityYear="1875" box="[361,501,923,949]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Metacyclini">Metacyclini</taxonomicName>
are unknown, those of
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2872C8018FD4536B1614752A4" authorityName="Baly" authorityYear="1861" box="[765,887,923,949]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Metacycla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473872C8018FD4536B1614752A4" box="[765,887,923,949]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Metacycla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are clearly leaf-feeders (
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590872C8018FB2D36B162CB52CA" author="Andrews F. G. &amp; Gilbert A. J." pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="89 - 116" refId="ref33869" refString="Andrews F. G. &amp; Gilbert A. J. 2005. A preliminary annotated checklist and evaluation of the diversity of the Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) of the Baja California peninsula, Mexico. Insecta Mundi 19 (1 - 2): 89 - 116." type="journal article" year="2005">Andrews &amp; Gilbert 2005</bibRefCitation>
). This suggests a closer relationship of
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2872C8018FD7A36EA617E52CB" authorityName="Chapuis" authorityYear="1875" box="[706,846,960,986]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Metacyclini">Metacyclini</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2872C8018FC3736EA663B52CB" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[911,1035,960,986]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Galerucini">Galerucini</taxonomicName>
(leaf-feeding larvae) than with
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2872C8018FF0436CF631152EE" authorityName="Gistel" authorityYear="1848" box="[188,289,997,1023]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Luperini">Luperini</taxonomicName>
(root-feeding larvae). It is noteworthy that, based on the morphology of
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2872C8018FB2E36CF633D5535" authority=", Beenen (2013)" authorityName=", Beenen" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Metacycla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473872C8018FB2E36CF673E52EE" box="[1174,1294,997,1023]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Metacycla</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590872C8018FAA636CC633D5535" author="Beenen R." pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="173 - 183" refId="ref34770" refString="Beenen R. 2013. New species and a new genus of brachelypterous Galerucinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Entomologische Zeitschrift 123 (4): 173 - 183." type="journal article" year="2013">Beenen (2013)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
advocated the synonymy of
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2872C8018FDD3312060C75535" authorityName="Chapuis" authorityYear="1875" box="[619,759,1034,1060]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Metacyclini">Metacyclini</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2872C8018FC863120618E5535" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[830,958,1034,1060]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Galerucini">Galerucini</taxonomicName>
. Although
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2872C8018FBF9312162C9555B" authority="Allard, 1889" authorityName="Allard" authorityYear="1889" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cneorane" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigripes">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473872C8018FBF93121672E5535" box="[1089,1310,1035,1061]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cneorane nigripes</emphasis>
Allard, 1889
</taxonomicName>
has most recently been classified in
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2872C8018FD06310561FE555B" authority="Chapuis, 1875" authorityName="Chapuis" authorityYear="1875" box="[702,974,1071,1098]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Scelida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473872C8018FD06310561245558" box="[702,788,1071,1097]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Scelida</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590872C8018FCA7310561FE555B" author="Chapuis F." box="[799,974,1071,1098]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 420" refId="ref35716" refString="Chapuis F. 1875. Famille LXIX. Phytophages, vol. 11. In: Lacordaire T. &amp; Chapuis F. (eds) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Genera des Coleopteres: 1 - 420. La Librairie encylopedique de Roret, Paris." type="book chapter" year="1875">Chapuis, 1875</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, examination of the male
<typeStatus id="806526C3872C8018FAA8310567475558" box="[1296,1399,1071,1097]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(Museum national dhistoire naturelle, Paris) reveals that this species properly belongs in the genus
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2872C8018FF05315063075585" authorityName=", Beenen" authorityYear="2013" box="[189,311,1146,1172]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Metacycla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473872C8018FF05315063075585" box="[189,311,1146,1172]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Metacycla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as comb. nov.
</paragraph>
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<mods:title id="80FF377CEEBC368F987FE652A4D3ADAE">New World genera of Galerucinae Latreille, 1802 (tribes Galerucini Latreille, 1802, Metacyclini Chapuis, 1875, and Luperini Gistel, 1848): an annotated list and identification key (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="F1D7DDE492677CA6139688F257B406B4">Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA. &amp; Kerala Agricultural University, Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695522, India.</mods:affiliation>
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(
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(
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<paragraph id="5F619861872F801BFF0537E1615B5291" blockId="12.[189,1400,715,897]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
As currently constituted, approximately 50 species of this genus occur from
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1872F801BFBF637E1669853F4" box="[1102,1192,715,741]" name="Mexico" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mexico</collectingCountry>
through much of South America, as well as in West Indies. See
<figureCitation id="C7E584E4872F801BFD5A37D86156521D" box="[738,870,754,780]" captionStart="Figs 2836" captionStartId="74.[189,241,1855,1881]" captionTargetBox="[229,1353,268,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-75@74.[227,1360,265,1816]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="Figs 2836. Dorsal views. 28. Schematiza flavofasciata (Klug, 1829). 29. Yingaresca difficilis (Bowditch, 1923). 30. Yingaresca fuscomaculata (Jacoby, 1886). 31. Metrogaleruca obscura (Degeer, 1775). 32. Brucita marmorata (Jacoby, 1886). 33. Platynocera murina Blanchard, 1846. 34. Erynephala maritima (LeConte, 1865). 35. Monoxia angularis (LeConte, 1859). 36. Yingabruxia sordida (LeConte, 1858) comb. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222513/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs 2930</figureCitation>
for habitus illustrations. However, the genus includes a rather heterogeneous assemblage of species. Future study will likely show that some species are better placed in other genera (for instance
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473872F801BFD59366A61095248" box="[737,825,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Brucita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2872F801BFCD9361566205248" authorityName="Bechyne &amp; Bechyne" authorityYear="1969" box="[865,1040,831,857]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Metrogaleruca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473872F801BFCD9361566205248" box="[865,1040,831,857]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Metrogaleruca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Also, new genera will likely need to be described to accommodate some of the species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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</document>

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<mods:title id="5157A25800C0726E110DE09D84C67DC8">New World genera of Galerucinae Latreille, 1802 (tribes Galerucini Latreille, 1802, Metacyclini Chapuis, 1875, and Luperini Gistel, 1848): an annotated list and identification key (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)</mods:title>
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Subgenus
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473872F801BFD0732A3617E56B5" bold="true" box="[703,846,1929,1956]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Galerotoma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590872F801BFCEE32A361DE56B5" author="Reitter E." box="[854,1006,1929,1956]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="133 - 139" refId="ref40368" refString="Reitter E. 1903. Ubersicht der mir bekannten Coleoptera-Arten der Gattung Galeruca Geoffr. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung 22 (4 - 5): 133 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 9745" type="journal article" year="1903">Reitter, 1903</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473872F801BFF0532E4637A56F9" box="[189,330,1998,2024]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Galerotoma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590872F801BFEE832E4601156F9" author="Reitter E." box="[336,545,1998,2024]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="133 - 139" refId="ref40368" refString="Reitter E. 1903. Ubersicht der mir bekannten Coleoptera-Arten der Gattung Galeruca Geoffr. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung 22 (4 - 5): 133 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 9745" type="journal article" year="1903">Reitter, 1903: 139</bibRefCitation>
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(
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extralimital;
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species
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473872F801BFCE232E4662656F9" box="[858,1046,1998,2024]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Adimonia haagi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590872F801BFBA532E4668F56F8" author="Joannis M. L. de" box="[1053,1215,1998,2025]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref38909" refString="Joannis M. L. de. 1865. Gallerucides, tribu de la famille de Phytophages, ou Chrysomelines. L'Abeille 3: 1 - 168." type="journal article" year="1865">Joannis, 1865</bibRefCitation>
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, by monotypy).
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