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<document id="DBD060BC64B165086313C5C7A5D6633B" ID-DOI="10.17161/jom.i100.13744" ID-ISSN="2325-4467" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13146022" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1722455426121" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Jones, Laura J., Kilpatrick, Shelby Kerrin & López-Uribe, Margarita M." docDate="2021" docId="03C687A4FF940B3DFE1D25E8C142FB59" docLanguage="en" docName="JMelittology.2021.100.1-10.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Melittology 2021 (100)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/jom.i100.13744" docStyle="DocumentStyle:20C606B715423E98DFED429F4976A416.4:JMelittology.2013-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="20C606B715423E98DFED429F4976A416" docStyleName="JMelittology.2013-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Eucera (Peponapis) pruinosa" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="3" masterDocId="FFFFFFDCFF960B39FFC1262AC54AFFE2" masterDocTitle="Gynandromorph of the squash bee Eucera (Peponapis) pruinosa (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Eucerini) from an agricultural field in western Pennsylvania, USA" masterLastPageNumber="10" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1722455735244" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="7BB6A70EDED832ECEF4DD591BE3102BA">
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<mods:title id="5C2A91701BD5AEC06CA6297A473019D8">Gynandromorph of the squash bee Eucera (Peponapis) pruinosa (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Eucerini) from an agricultural field in western Pennsylvania, USA</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="70A79ACED6516FE46C247F7D2F8A3C0A">Jones, Laura J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4B5A4469D8A4BC017B237AA9328AF899">Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, The Pennsylvania State University, Univer- sity Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA (ljj 33 @ psu. edu; mml 64 @ psu. edu). & Department of Entomology, Center for Pollinator Research, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA (skk 30 @ psu. edu).</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="FD5C02D45184CB4667802A74178C0859">Kilpatrick, Shelby Kerrin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FA65454189AFB23924A81265B1ADD8F0">Department of Entomology, Center for Pollinator Research, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA (skk 30 @ psu. edu).</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="417C33A35F249156D8E08DCBF30FD454">López-Uribe, Margarita M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0C21B69B4EE633B37AFB88898FA5052F">Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, The Pennsylvania State University, Univer- sity Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA (ljj 33 @ psu. edu; mml 64 @ psu. edu). & Department of Entomology, Center for Pollinator Research, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA (skk 30 @ psu. edu).</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="B40490BDED7BD5D0F54968DDC9BBA403">Journal of Melittology</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="BC74DE4D027B5DAD9AEA9D986EB3A3FD">2021</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="C3756539FF940B3BFE1D25E8C7B6FC1B" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD036B2FF940B3BFE1D25E8C61EFC3B" blockId="2.[476,852,961,985]" box="[476,852,961,985]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D31FF940B3BFE1D25E8C61EFC3B" authority="(Say)" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[476,852,961,985]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Eucera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pruinosa" subGenus="Peponapis">
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<emphasis id="B91BEAA0FF940B3BFE1D25E8C76DFC3B" box="[476,551,962,985]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Eucera</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B91BEAA0FF940B3BFDF725E8C7E9FC3B" box="[566,675,962,985]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Peponapis</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B91BEAA0FF940B3BFD7325E8C65BFC3B" box="[690,785,962,985]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">pruinosa</emphasis>
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(Say)
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD036B2FF940B3BFDF225CBC7B6FC1B" blockId="2.[563,764,993,1017]" box="[563,764,993,1017]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<heading id="D09881DEFF940B3BFDF225CBC7B6FC1B" box="[563,764,993,1017]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="2">Gynandromorph</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3756539FF940B3BFF11220BC6A8F9DB" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD036B2FF940B3BFF11220BC6A8F9DB" blockId="2.[160,1175,1057,1785]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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DESCRIPTION: Male and female features are patchily distributed throughout the body (
|
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<figureCitation id="13542A37FF940B3BFF2F226BC410FBBB" box="[238,346,1089,1113]" captionStart-0="Figures 1–3" captionStart-1="Figures 4–7" captionStartId-0="3.[160,243,1632,1654]" captionStartId-1="4.[160,242,971,993]" captionTargetBox-0="[187,1151,225,1616]" captionTargetBox-1="[171,1157,289,945]" captionTargetId-0="figure-82@3.[160,1168,224,1626]" captionTargetId-1="figure-80@4.[160,1168,224,964]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="Figures 1–3. Mosaic gynandromorph of Eucera (Peponapis) pruinosa (Say); scale bars = 2 mm. 1. Head (in frontal view) showing the distinct bilateral split between the sexes (right half female, left half male). 2. Dorsal habitus showing male and female antennae, mesosoma, and femalelike metasomal features. 3. Ventral habitus showing patchily distributed female and male fea- tures on the head and mesosoma, including the antennae and legs, and female-like metasoma." captionText-1="Figures 4–7. Mosaic gynandromorph of Eucera (Peponapis) pruinosa (Say); scale bars = 2 mm. 4. Left lateral habitus showing female antennae and male legs. 5. Right lateral habitus showing male antennae and female legs. 6. Metasomal terga (in dorsal view) showing T3–T6; T6 with pygidial plate. 7. Metasomal sterna (in ventral view) showing typical female features, including a lack of carinae on S6 (present in male Peponapis)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13146024" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13146026" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13146024/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13146026/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs. 1–7</figureCitation>
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). Body length
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<quantity id="4C979B57FF940B3BFDD7226BC7C6FBBB" box="[534,652,1089,1113]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.174" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="11.74">11.74 mm</quantity>
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; integument black unless otherwise noted. Head: width
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<quantity id="4C979B57FF940B3BFE81224BC4E2FB9B" box="[320,424,1121,1145]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.14" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="4.14">4.14 mm</quantity>
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; length
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<quantity id="4C979B57FF940B3BFDCB224BC739FB9B" box="[522,627,1121,1145]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.71" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="2.71">2.71 mm</quantity>
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; clypeus width
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<quantity id="4C979B57FF940B3BFCF2224BC6D6FB9B" box="[819,924,1121,1145]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.69" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="1.69">1.69 mm</quantity>
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; clypeus length
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<quantity id="4C979B57FF940B3BFBA0224BC59BFB7B" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.72" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="2.72">2.72 mm</quantity>
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; upper interocular distance
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<quantity id="4C979B57FF940B3BFDE422ABC7C4FB7B" box="[549,654,1153,1177]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.44" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="2.44">2.44 mm</quantity>
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; lower interocular distance
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<quantity id="4C979B57FF940B3BFC1F22ABC10DFB7B" box="[990,1095,1153,1177]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="2.54">2.54 mm</quantity>
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; com- pound eye length
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<quantity id="4C979B57FF940B3BFEB7228BC496FB5B" box="[374,476,1185,1209]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.16" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="2.16">2.16 mm</quantity>
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; eye maximum width
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<quantity id="4C979B57FF940B3BFD25228BC601FB5B" box="[740,843,1185,1209]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="0.75">0.75 mm</quantity>
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. Left of midline displaying female-specific features; antenna with 10 flagellomeres, clypeus lacking yellow sub- apical maculation (
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<figureCitation id="13542A37FF940B3BFE4422CBC482FB1B" box="[389,456,1249,1273]" captionStart="Figures 1–3" captionStartId="3.[160,243,1632,1654]" captionTargetBox="[187,1151,225,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-82@3.[160,1168,224,1626]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 1–3. Mosaic gynandromorph of Eucera (Peponapis) pruinosa (Say); scale bars = 2 mm. 1. Head (in frontal view) showing the distinct bilateral split between the sexes (right half female, left half male). 2. Dorsal habitus showing male and female antennae, mesosoma, and femalelike metasomal features. 3. Ventral habitus showing patchily distributed female and male fea- tures on the head and mesosoma, including the antennae and legs, and female-like metasoma." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13146024" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13146024/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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||||
). F2 longer than F3. Mandible black, with reddish brown apically, and lacking teeth apically. Right of midline displaying male-specific fea- tures; antenna with 11 flagellomeres, clypeus with yellow subapical maculation (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13542A37FF940B3BFBA2230BC5E7FABB" captionStart="Figures 1–3" captionStartId="3.[160,243,1632,1654]" captionTargetBox="[187,1151,225,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-82@3.[160,1168,224,1626]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 1–3. Mosaic gynandromorph of Eucera (Peponapis) pruinosa (Say); scale bars = 2 mm. 1. Head (in frontal view) showing the distinct bilateral split between the sexes (right half female, left half male). 2. Dorsal habitus showing male and female antennae, mesosoma, and femalelike metasomal features. 3. Ventral habitus showing patchily distributed female and male fea- tures on the head and mesosoma, including the antennae and legs, and female-like metasoma." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13146024" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13146024/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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). Mandible black, with yellow-brown maculation on apical fifth, and lacking apical teeth. Antennae black to dark reddish brown. Mesosoma: intertegular distance
|
||||
<quantity id="4C979B57FF940B3BFBA0234BC585FA7B" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="3.3">3.30 mm</quantity>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13542A37FF940B3BFF1E23ABC46EFA7B" box="[223,292,1409,1433]" captionStart="Figures 1–3" captionStartId="3.[160,243,1632,1654]" captionTargetBox="[187,1151,225,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-82@3.[160,1168,224,1626]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 1–3. Mosaic gynandromorph of Eucera (Peponapis) pruinosa (Say); scale bars = 2 mm. 1. Head (in frontal view) showing the distinct bilateral split between the sexes (right half female, left half male). 2. Dorsal habitus showing male and female antennae, mesosoma, and femalelike metasomal features. 3. Ventral habitus showing patchily distributed female and male fea- tures on the head and mesosoma, including the antennae and legs, and female-like metasoma." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13146024" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13146024/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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). Legs: all consistently black to reddish brown. Left legs: all as in males, inner surface of hind basitarsus with longer setae, yet scopa lacking (
|
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<figureCitation id="13542A37FF940B3BFC0A238BC153FA5B" box="[971,1049,1441,1465]" captionStart="Figures 1–3" captionStartId="3.[160,243,1632,1654]" captionTargetBox="[187,1151,225,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-82@3.[160,1168,224,1626]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 1–3. Mosaic gynandromorph of Eucera (Peponapis) pruinosa (Say); scale bars = 2 mm. 1. Head (in frontal view) showing the distinct bilateral split between the sexes (right half female, left half male). 2. Dorsal habitus showing male and female antennae, mesosoma, and femalelike metasomal features. 3. Ventral habitus showing patchily distributed female and male fea- tures on the head and mesosoma, including the antennae and legs, and female-like metasoma." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13146024" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13146024/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
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,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13542A37FF940B3BFBE4238BC17FFA5B" box="[1061,1077,1441,1465]" captionStart="Figures 4–7" captionStartId="4.[160,242,971,993]" captionTargetBox="[171,1157,289,945]" captionTargetId="figure-80@4.[160,1168,224,964]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figures 4–7. Mosaic gynandromorph of Eucera (Peponapis) pruinosa (Say); scale bars = 2 mm. 4. Left lateral habitus showing female antennae and male legs. 5. Right lateral habitus showing male antennae and female legs. 6. Metasomal terga (in dorsal view) showing T3–T6; T6 with pygidial plate. 7. Metasomal sterna (in ventral view) showing typical female features, including a lack of carinae on S6 (present in male Peponapis)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13146026" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13146026/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">4</figureCitation>
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). Right legs: all as in females, scopa present on hind tibia and basitarsus (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13542A37FF940B3BFC7F23EBC144FA3B" box="[958,1038,1473,1497]" captionStart="Figures 1–3" captionStartId="3.[160,243,1632,1654]" captionTargetBox="[187,1151,225,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-82@3.[160,1168,224,1626]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 1–3. Mosaic gynandromorph of Eucera (Peponapis) pruinosa (Say); scale bars = 2 mm. 1. Head (in frontal view) showing the distinct bilateral split between the sexes (right half female, left half male). 2. Dorsal habitus showing male and female antennae, mesosoma, and femalelike metasomal features. 3. Ventral habitus showing patchily distributed female and male fea- tures on the head and mesosoma, including the antennae and legs, and female-like metasoma." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13146024" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13146024/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
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,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13542A37FF940B3BFBDD23EBC161FA3B" box="[1052,1067,1473,1497]" captionStart="Figures 4–7" captionStartId="4.[160,242,971,993]" captionTargetBox="[171,1157,289,945]" captionTargetId="figure-80@4.[160,1168,224,964]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figures 4–7. Mosaic gynandromorph of Eucera (Peponapis) pruinosa (Say); scale bars = 2 mm. 4. Left lateral habitus showing female antennae and male legs. 5. Right lateral habitus showing male antennae and female legs. 6. Metasomal terga (in dorsal view) showing T3–T6; T6 with pygidial plate. 7. Metasomal sterna (in ventral view) showing typical female features, including a lack of carinae on S6 (present in male Peponapis)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13146026" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13146026/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">5</figureCitation>
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). Meta- soma:
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2 width
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|
||||
; pubescence and structures as in females, consisting of six visible terga and sterna (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13542A37FF940B3BFE00202BC760F9FB" box="[449,554,1537,1561]" captionStart="Figures 4–7" captionStartId="4.[160,242,971,993]" captionTargetBox="[171,1157,289,945]" captionTargetId="figure-80@4.[160,1168,224,964]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figures 4–7. Mosaic gynandromorph of Eucera (Peponapis) pruinosa (Say); scale bars = 2 mm. 4. Left lateral habitus showing female antennae and male legs. 5. Right lateral habitus showing male antennae and female legs. 6. Metasomal terga (in dorsal view) showing T3–T6; T6 with pygidial plate. 7. Metasomal sterna (in ventral view) showing typical female features, including a lack of carinae on S6 (present in male Peponapis)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13146026" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13146026/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs. 6, 7</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED7EAE77FF940B3BFD85202BC71FF9FB" box="[580,597,1537,1561]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">T</collectionCode>
|
||||
6 with complete pygidial plate (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13542A37FF940B3BFC08202BC147F9FB" box="[969,1037,1537,1561]" captionStart="Figures 4–7" captionStartId="4.[160,242,971,993]" captionTargetBox="[171,1157,289,945]" captionTargetId="figure-80@4.[160,1168,224,964]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figures 4–7. Mosaic gynandromorph of Eucera (Peponapis) pruinosa (Say); scale bars = 2 mm. 4. Left lateral habitus showing female antennae and male legs. 5. Right lateral habitus showing male antennae and female legs. 6. Metasomal terga (in dorsal view) showing T3–T6; T6 with pygidial plate. 7. Metasomal sterna (in ventral view) showing typical female features, including a lack of carinae on S6 (present in male Peponapis)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13146026" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13146026/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Sting ap- paratus normal, including gonostylus, stylus, and lancet, as in females.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C3756539FF940B3DFF11206BC142FB59" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BD036B2FF940B3DFF11206BC142FB59" blockId="2.[160,1175,1057,1785]" lastBlockId="4.[160,1168,1155,1212]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||||
REMARKS: Notably, F2 is longer than F3, not shorter as in typical females of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D31FF940B3BFBB82068C5B5F99B" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Eucera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pruinosa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91BEAA0FF940B3BFBB82068C5B5F99B" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">E. pruinosa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. As a result, this gynander specimen keys out to
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91BEAA0FF940B3BFC942048C62FF99B" box="[853,869,1634,1657]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">E</emphasis>
|
||||
. (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91BEAA0FF940B3BFCBC2048C6C7F99B" box="[893,909,1634,1657]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">P</emphasis>
|
||||
.)
|
||||
<emphasis id="B91BEAA0FF940B3BFC64204BC6A3F99B" box="[933,1001,1633,1657]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">smithi</emphasis>
|
||||
(Hurd & Lin- sley) when following the female couplets in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B43FF940B3BFD7220ABC695F97B" author="Ayala, R. & T. Griswold" box="[691,991,1665,1689]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="396 - 406" refId="ref3632" refString="Ayala, R., & T. Griswold. 2012. Two new species of the bee genus Peponapis, with a key to the North and Central American species (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Eucerini). Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 83 (2): 396 - 406." type="journal article" year="2012">Ayala & Griswold (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. Additionally, the specimen lacks apical teeth on the right mandible; two teeth are present in most conspecific males. In regards to the apical half of the mandible, the left mandible lacks yellow maculations that most conspecific females possess in varying amounts; the ex- tent of this maculation also varies among males. Furthermore, the setae on the left metabasitarsus appear longer, on average, compared to male conspecifics.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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