Add updates up until 2024-08-13 14:24:01
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<document id="B8EEBB24D8E4028FEC2A9900C5F05A95" ID-DOI="10.3897/zse.100.119662" ID-ZooBank="38565FEC-15BA-4832-8DC5-875963431C79" ID-publisher-id="119662" URI-arpha="B6AAE082-940B-55C2-B402-AA79739D6C72" URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/38565FEC-15BA-4832-8DC5-875963431C79" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1723558950021" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Sánchez-Nivicela, Juan C., Székely, Diana, Salagaje M., Luis A., Astudillo-Abad, Nicolás, Culebras, Jaime, Ortiz, Ernesto Arbeláez & Székely, Paul" docDate="2024" docId="2A1E9A4EB11F56179E313D38CD9233DB" docLanguage="en" docName="Zoosystematics and Evolution 100(3): 1107-1120" docOrigin="Zoosystematics and Evolution 100 (3)" docSource="https://zse.pensoft.net/article/119662/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docTitle="Pristimantis ruidus" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="1120" masterDocId="B6AAE082940B55C2B402AA79739D6C72" masterDocTitle="One hundred years of solitude: The rediscovery of Pristimantis ruidus (Anura, Strabomantidae) in the southern Andes, Ecuador and its phylogenetic relationships" masterLastPageNumber="1120" masterPageNumber="1107" pageNumber="1107" updateTime="1723559344379" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="A7D09CFA74449B22617AF3936617AF92">One hundred years of solitude: The rediscovery of Pristimantis ruidus (Anura, Strabomantidae) in the southern Andes, Ecuador and its phylogenetic relationships</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8B5CDD93D2AEF19F287C846E1F206A2A">Sánchez-Nivicela, Juan C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C27892BA6DD5BF5CC113E629A35FF13C">Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias, Grupo de Investigación Evolución y Ecología de Fauna Neotropical, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia & Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Laboratorio de Zoología Terrestre y Museo de Zoología, Campus Cumbayá, Quito 170901, Ecuador & Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad del Ecuador, calle Rumipamba 341 y Av. de los Shyris, Casilla 17 - 07 - 8976, Quito, Ecuador & Fundación y Bioparque AMARU, Cuenca, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0E1F1FEA432C575044BDF248290689C2">Székely, Diana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="BD73617CAF7024D2D83AC1ECAC216228" type="ORCID">0000-0002-3786-3729</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="BE8F9181570C54146953EAA8F0B10F63">Museo de Zoología, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto, calle París s / n, 110107, Loja, Ecuador & Laboratorio de Ecología Tropical y Servicios Ecosistémicos (EcoSs-Lab), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto s / n, 110107, Loja, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="EA671D7721C2ADAB22A5894C364573A5">Salagaje M., Luis A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0DDDFAA6743FC6AE63A0E9702B5CA226" type="ORCID">0000-0002-9545-6865</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="F84677185344C8AC1BD72F5A60E24884">Research Center of the Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Ovidius University Constanţa, Al. Universității no. 1, 900470, Constanța, Romania</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="875532E6A6F44AD893278C8C54FEC802">Astudillo-Abad, Nicolás</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2AF2546EF41D315350395A94615EC171">Research Center of the Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Ovidius University Constanţa, Al. Universității no. 1, 900470, Constanța, Romania</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9B7D3908E004FD1F38877A5D1A51C421">Culebras, Jaime</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="B00D30BB3D2C37D17E56F986E422EB14" type="ORCID">0000-0003-2211-6605</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="E24BD9D02FD1E66328895B5BE593B770">Research Center of the Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Ovidius University Constanţa, Al. Universității no. 1, 900470, Constanța, Romania & Fundación Cóndor Andino, Quito, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="138626C4B3B761FCF46F497571E442A3">Ortiz, Ernesto Arbeláez</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C5E7CB53DBB8D43D54FF80F9F5B258CC">Fundación y Bioparque AMARU, Cuenca, Ecuador & Research Center of the Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Ovidius University Constanţa, Al. Universității no. 1, 900470, Constanța, Romania</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="70A6B7DA7A9A9B3E399C4B41E98578B4">Székely, Paul</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="109DC76818FD7995A161C03F13BDB4B8" type="ORCID">0000-0002-9252-1596</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="BA50CA7752A77C94912D159B5B135B10">Museo de Zoología, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto, calle París s / n, 110107, Loja, Ecuador & Laboratorio de Ecología Tropical y Servicios Ecosistémicos (EcoSs-Lab), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto s / n, 110107, Loja, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="20FD57033476FEF0A0BC58645171DFA6">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="94A5F6C61AB64F7DC3BB241F2B3F9F44">Zoosystematics and Evolution</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="80D2FD994566BB467034598B69381192">
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<mods:date id="8F5B4BA7DE6D3D8BF4A893B4227ADD72">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E0ADF8BC7CEA3D4C9420890414EEDDD8">2024-08-13</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B3A4D8CA0CAA69A18FE459D9F2E51BE8">100</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="5E12A9F59A6ADFBB7463449E8C6B5972">3</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="DAFC7D884C9C97A3B69D8663B10DDE85">1107</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="E7CFF40B97D6ACA37A163D68FBCDC37F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="9C51A9AE8889521BE1F781A56D19F1AD" type="DOI">10.3897/zse.100.119662</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="216DDE95A936D696FFE5412BC047163D" type="ZooBank">38565FEC-15BA-4832-8DC5-875963431C79</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="2A1E9A4EB11F56179E313D38CD9233DB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13312218" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13312218" ID-arpha="2A1E9A4E-B11F-5617-9E31-3D38CD9233DB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2A1E9A4EB11F56179E313D38CD9233DB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2A1E9A4EB11F56179E313D38CD9233DB">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="D53AD80B40B0211C2A2F6C5EB3A003C5" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="11F40B4A146AD5206EA0A7F50A794A88">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="34761F925DF6F81B1067E67DA53CD94B" authority="(Lynch, 1979)" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1979" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruidus">
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||||
<emphasis id="AECD1611D4031E5C9EF575F2570BF2ED" italics="true">Pristimantis ruidus</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C23DB5C7E235831CBB5E53965544B325" DOI="10.5962/bhl.title.16268" author="Lynch JD" journalOrPublisher="University of Kansas Natural History Museum Miscellaneous Publication" pagination="1-62" refId="B18" refString="Lynch JD (1979) Leptodactylid frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus from the Andes of southern Ecuador. University of Kansas Natural History Museum Miscellaneous Publication 66: 1 - 62. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 16268" title="Leptodactylid frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus from the Andes of southern Ecuador." volume="66" year="1979">Lynch, 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
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||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="432D5D5ED99E7C0D8DE091953C31420E" type="description">
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||||
<paragraph id="1B33DF4279EE064DB166C186D7EF584A">
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||||
<figureCitation id="F9DBC01F30758390664BDF74665967C0" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Pristimantis ruidus in life. Female DHMECN 19106: A. Dorso-lateral view; B. Dorsal view; C. Ventral view; SVL = 30.0 mm. Female MUTPL 1613; D. Dorso-lateral view; E. Dorsal view; SVL = 20.1 mm. Photographs: Jaime Culebras, Juan Sánchez." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.100.119662.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1112609">Figs 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
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||||
<figureCitation id="2F50A2E9F73EA8F389EC152D4CB69C91" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Pristimantis ruidus, adult female DHMECN 19106 in life: A. Lateral view of head; B. Dorsal view of head; C. Dorsal view of hand; D. Dorsal view of foot. Scale bar: 4 mm. Photographs: Juan Sánchez." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.100.119662.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1112610">3</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="ABF58FB9714C03295E396E3B144B25BB" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Pristimantis ruidus, adult female DHMECN 19106 in preservative: A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Lateral view. Scale bar: 4 mm. Photographs: Juan Sánchez." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.100.119662.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1112611">4</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
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||||
<figureCitation id="F10DE495D79632DE350B424D2C375087" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Pristimantis ruidus, adult female DHMECN 19106, details in preservative: A. Lateral view of head; B. Dorsal view of head; C. Ventral view of hand; D. Ventral view of foot. Scale bar: 4 mm. Photographs: Juan Sánchez." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.100.119662.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1112612">5</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
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<figureCitation id="1B7A2D313EADBC10D66FAF1E91BE0B54" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Holotype of Pristimantis ruidus AMNH 17590: A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Ventral view of hand; D. Ventral view of foot; E. Lateral view of head F. Dorsal view of head; SVL = 38.4 mm. Scale bar: 10 mm (Above the black line); 4 mm (Below the black line). Photographs: Lauren Vonnahme." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.100.119662.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1112613">6 Common English name: Molleturo Robber Frog Common Spanish name: Cutín de Molleturo</figureCitation>
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||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0E12AE" type="etymology">
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||||
<paragraph id="FF380108D4933341A51F2886B19AD859">
|
||||
<heading id="B88C99971E52B4581AE3650A60126201" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
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||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="AB3180BFDE809088240D99FD0FC3CFF6">
|
||||
Latin, meaning rough, in reference to the skin texture (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="903892978F3E47BB3715307967073DB0" DOI="10.5962/bhl.title.16268" author="Lynch" firstAuthor="Lynch" journalOrPublisher="University of Kansas Natural History Museum Miscellaneous Publication" pagination="1-62" refId="B18" refString="Lynch JD (1979) Leptodactylid frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus from the Andes of southern Ecuador. University of Kansas Natural History Museum Miscellaneous Publication 66: 1–62. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.16268" title="Leptodactylid frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus from the Andes of southern Ecuador." volume="66" year="1979">Lynch 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EE3AE" type="Types and type locality">
|
||||
<paragraph id="86FB5B02E912951734A429742DAC81D8">
|
||||
<heading id="552037335EA875F67F393D49776AE4D0" reason="title">
|
||||
Types and
|
||||
<typeStatus id="A619F41CF395838123AB85C68DECDC6C">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
locality.
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="14F797DB11990FB678D8162D8993C89F">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="95F622BC32770214A5B286028F30CF98" collectingDate="1922-06-05" collectingDateMax="1922-06-19" collectingDateMin="1922-06-05" collectionCode="AMNH" collectorName="G. H. Tate" country="Ecuador" elevation="2317" location="Molleturo" municipality="Provincia" specimenCode="AMNH 17590" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Azuay" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||||
<emphasis id="1855FA57F93E6B0F491A06CD2BB7E1C8" bold="true" italics="true">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="E7D6CB2A7776534FDD8A25B061D9293C" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<specimenCode id="29FB10ECA3AEF430D6AC6A352B7C8EB0" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" type="">
|
||||
<named-content id="D4748C5F121AD914BD9C250F85A466A4" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/american-museum-natural-history" xlink_title="American Museum of Natural History">AMNH</named-content>
|
||||
17590
|
||||
</specimenCode>
|
||||
), adult female obtained at
|
||||
<location id="9EB4DD649A62E59757BD8DF3BD01D8C5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2A1E9A4EB11F56179E313D38CD9233DB:9EB4DD649A62E59757BD8DF3BD01D8C5" country="Ecuador" municipality="Provincia" name="Molleturo" stateProvince="Azuay">Molleturo</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="FEAD3EF182CCC429376A91435D9EAB53">Provincia</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4320DA3C96B75AFEF05FDC35F05C4585" country="Ecuador" name="Azuay">Azuay</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="BE044FFB204BA40C3FAD058567B5DE98" name="Ecuador">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="20B2BD5E23EBFFEAA31401AC0868CE8E" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3169999999999997" unit="m" value="2317.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="7E86CD773BA5AFD277335D3280FE5CAC" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3169999999999997" unit="m" value="2317.0">2317 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
elev., on
|
||||
<date id="73023B46416F6A4013BCCC3ECCEA8CE7" value="1922-06-05" valueMax="1922-06-19" valueMin="1922-06-05">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="1BF6BAB970BE74C6657FF5EC9D382C6E" value="1922-06-05" valueMax="1922-06-19" valueMin="1922-06-05">5–19 June 1922</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<collectorName id="D17E8C5FF7D8D8C4034A5190B5ACF7D2">G. H. Tate</collectorName>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<typeStatus id="6CA9F757FFF7B74CD0AAAC23895C7C69" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<named-content id="9E740DC614E0FD1AC33A511DCF69DF7C" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/american-museum-natural-history" xlink_title="American Museum of Natural History">
|
||||
<collectionCode id="6697C81588B17D98EDD7BF5228CDD8F4" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" type="">AMNH</collectionCode>
|
||||
</named-content>
|
||||
17588, 89, 17591–96, 17598–601, 17603), topoparatypes (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="31B9C511F3249F7D9A2BEE38709C7FDA" DOI="10.5962/bhl.title.16268" author="Lynch" firstAuthor="Lynch" journalOrPublisher="University of Kansas Natural History Museum Miscellaneous Publication" pagination="1-62" refId="B18" refString="Lynch JD (1979) Leptodactylid frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus from the Andes of southern Ecuador. University of Kansas Natural History Museum Miscellaneous Publication 66: 1–62. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.16268" title="Leptodactylid frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus from the Andes of southern Ecuador." volume="66" year="1979">Lynch 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0E23AE" type="material">
|
||||
<paragraph id="0B08A5F1C4FD278204C86612CBAB4623">
|
||||
<heading id="4471D743F323306EC8A3BFE8A9D92DA7" reason="title">Newly-collected material.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5CA3969AD395D4475608B4F556EE4C24">
|
||||
<specimenCount id="F16035088F766732192D2770EFBCF0EF" count="2" type="female">Two females</specimenCount>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EB4AE" xlink_title="División de Herpetología">DHMECN</abbrev>
|
||||
19106 (field series: JCS- 2081) and
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EF4AE" xlink_title="Museo de Zoología, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja">
|
||||
<collectionCode id="2873A37B2C744D7DA2124A1433CDF0A1">MUTPL</collectionCode>
|
||||
</abbrev>
|
||||
1613 (field series: JCS- 2084). The first individual was found amongst the remains of a felled tree (
|
||||
<quantity id="E3DE9EC1543A5209B20CCDF9234F632F" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" unit="cm" value="75.0">75 cm</quantity>
|
||||
from the ground), along a stream edge (
|
||||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EM4AE" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[-79.342130,-2.731850]}">
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="2DFFE0C94D0AB150CF8063CD03B39B15" degrees="2.73185" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-2.73185">- 2.73185</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="E3FEBCB9D08F7B10C4ACA99CF0635A7A" degrees="79.34213" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-79.34213">- 79.34213</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
</named-content>
|
||||
, elevation
|
||||
<quantity id="A03CDC25AD1ABBB50A7C695C0AF24216" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.677" unit="m" value="2677.0">2677 m</quantity>
|
||||
); the second individual, was on the leaf of a low shrub (
|
||||
<quantity id="B7D8CC478E35BB082B94757B34155703" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="cm" value="40.0">40 cm</quantity>
|
||||
from the ground), also by a stream edge (
|
||||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EU4AE" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[-79.341820,-2.733870]}">
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="7A1A9330920F31C8C2A4B04C4F8B250D" degrees="2.73387" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-2.73387">- 2.73387</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="29821B0DA799919FC4081B5A1235BA74" degrees="79.34182" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-79.34182">- 79.34182</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
</named-content>
|
||||
, elevation
|
||||
<quantity id="CFE6AAC01A6176C993BFED211095F024" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.525" unit="m" value="2525.0">2525 m</quantity>
|
||||
); both specimens were collected in the Reserva de Conservación Quitahuaycu, Molleturo Parish,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="1E08EE87236C0C96A75CC31E797140E1" country="Ecuador" name="Azuay">Azuay Province</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="6B32762A8A64F1C9CA0A957D24D99115" name="Ecuador">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, by Luis Salagaje, Ernesto Arbeláez, Jaime Culebras and Nicolás Astudillo, on
|
||||
<date id="664E9E2FF08268B0747115B7AA26DFFF" value="2022-11-27">27 November 2022</date>
|
||||
(Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="B27373189F3E11FF4BF3AD54C7B05465" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Map of Ecuador showing the distribution of Pristimantis ruidus in Azuay Province, Ecuador. On the left, an enlarged view of the area. Source: Esri, Maxar, Earthstar geographics and the GIS User Community." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.100.119662.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1112608">1</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0E44AE" type="Definition">
|
||||
<paragraph id="587E35E9992E82A68B0649F2B18E2911">
|
||||
<heading id="E98567155809A152B7812553A775A3D9" reason="title">Definition.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="67BBA07BA9AF97823FE8E56FC4598562">
|
||||
A moderate-sized species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BFA4A1A1EA96A5F40D6F392000CC599E" authorityName="Jimenez de la Espada" authorityYear="1870" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="9D1E3F3231A63C30D92379CCC77B08E8" italics="true">Pristimantis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in the subgenus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="089F06867AB72DF5C254B9279490DA1D" baseAuthorityName="Paez and Ron" baseAuthorityYear="2019" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Huicundomantis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="AF9068DB5CAB20FD9A8BF9E288064544" italics="true">Huicundomantis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as inferred from molecular phylogenetic relationships, characterised by the following combination of traits: (1) skin on head, dorsum, flanks and extremities shagreen with scattered tubercles, pustules and W-shaped scapular fold; venter coarsely areolate; discoidal fold absent; ventral texture of thighs areolate; (2) tympanic membrane and tympanic annulus absent; (3) snout rounded in dorsal and profile views; (4) upper eyelid with small rounded tubercles, 85.2 % of the
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ET5AE" xlink_title="Interorbital distance">IOD</abbrev>
|
||||
; interocular space with rounded tubercle; cranial crests absent; (5) dentigerous processes of vomers rounded, with four and five teeth each, triangular in contour; (6) males lacking vocal sac and slits; (7) Finger I shorter than Finger II; disc expanded, elliptical; (8) fingers with narrow lateral fringes; (9) ulnar tubercles present, rounded, on the outer border of the forearm; (10) heel with several small rounded tubercles; tarsal tubercles rounded; inner tarsal fold present; (11) inner metatarsal tubercle oval, twice the size of round outer metatarsal tubercle; supernumerary plantar tubercles few in number; (12) toes with narrow lateral fringes; webbing absent; Toe
|
||||
<collectionCode id="864800090C18564D80BFAAD47419C7D5" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||||
longer than Toe III; discs slightly shorter in size than those on outer fingers; (13) dorsum dark olive or brown with dark brown spots; dark W-shaped mark in scapular region, with orange spots in the higher portions; interorbital blotch, post ocular stripe and labial bars dark brown; venter dusty brown with white spots; (14)
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EX5AE" xlink_title="Snout-vent length">SVL</abbrev>
|
||||
females 20.1 and 30.0 mm (
|
||||
<typeStatus id="EE146023C1EDEA3EEC977CFDEC40A7D8">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
series: males =
|
||||
<quantity id="1960426A127A9BCBC7269B2239892835" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.845" metricValueMax="3.11" metricValueMin="2.58" unit="mm" value="28.45" valueMax="31.1" valueMin="25.8">25.8–31.1 mm</quantity>
|
||||
, females =
|
||||
<quantity id="C18BEA0391381B8F27D27D20DAA93C5A" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.845" metricValueMax="3.9799999999999995" metricValueMin="3.71" unit="mm" value="38.45" valueMax="39.8" valueMin="37.1">37.1–39.8 mm</quantity>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0E25AE" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B2C8760B0EA5C4FC2D74A3A2DF793253">
|
||||
<heading id="8F9DE857619C7B9275FE4F4F7D6309F0" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="4A02EB63F48D16192B28931992875A21">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D0A09E63A5FC5B1ED7145EF805557B76" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1979" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruidus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9734F480D9A0344B865FCEC3DC6B84C" italics="true">Pristimantis ruidus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is distinguished from its congeners in the subgenus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CC423AA985C9226A7671933378FB4DC4" baseAuthorityName="Paez and Ron" baseAuthorityYear="2019" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Huicundomantis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5B76ABD5FC754E467826D9A6AC485824" italics="true">Huicundomantis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by lacking a tympanic membrane and a tympanic annulus, head wider than long, short snout, cranial crest absent, thick supratympanic fold and by the presence of subacuminated postrictal tubercles.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="659079B0C1B2CDD4B3CD74434D165F88" baseAuthorityName="Lynch & Duellman" baseAuthorityYear="1995" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="philipi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="1494DB1D9B389EFD66041D2AE9FC8C45" italics="true">Pristimantis philipi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is the only species lacking the middle ear and vocal apparatus and cranial crests (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="3029AB5C12AC902C8ED944E4CAFF6580" DOI="10.5962/bhl.title.7951" author="Lynch and Duellman" firstAuthor="Lynch" journalOrPublisher="Natural History Museum, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS" refId="B19" refString="Lynch JD, Duellman WE (1997) Frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus (Leptodactylidae) in western Ecuador: systematic, ecology, and biogeography. Natural History Museum, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 236 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.7951" title="Frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus (Leptodactylidae) in western Ecuador: systematic, ecology, and biogeography." year="1997">Lynch and Duellman 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="95249C67E21098169C9E5244B2366396" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1979" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruidus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA75012C1505A78ED9F5682A2AB6597D" italics="true">Pristimantis ruidus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
differs from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0CB6A66634B307E5B96E9702A9A6B512" baseAuthorityName="Lynch & Duellman" baseAuthorityYear="1995" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="philipi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B65BE7C55AA00E356365FE5171D27A50" italics="true">P. philipi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by the broadly expanded discs of the digits (discs barely expanded in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="226D122938E00BC9398415D2F4069A60" baseAuthorityName="Lynch & Duellman" baseAuthorityYear="1995" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="philipi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="23043EB523C9BC5C735605D3D03E33B2" italics="true">P. philipi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), the evident scapular fold (lack of scapular fold in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BE5CDF24669DFF24E192283C08EAA0C9" baseAuthorityName="Lynch & Duellman" baseAuthorityYear="1995" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="philipi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="24407A59E66750CAA5AC0D540EDEBE67" italics="true">P. philipi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) and the colouration pattern composed by dark olive or brown with dark brown spots, dark W-shaped marks in the scapular region, with orange spots in the higher portions (two colour patterns in dorsum, black and pale yellow blotches or irregular flecks and blotches green, black, yellowish-green and grey in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EE82E7B7E43F4BCDDDC2897215904AB7" baseAuthorityName="Lynch & Duellman" baseAuthorityYear="1995" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="philipi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7884B3FD8FD6BD360AAE144038998312" italics="true">P. philipi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0E3BAG" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="91FAF926DA2D76B1CBBD78145414CB1B">
|
||||
<heading id="A805E0011F0DE8B5EE67A0B4CFE1D54F" reason="title">Description of female</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="59F34C499A3C7387013B6EB9D3050B85">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7807AA4F1D7009F75CA3D26074B95799" bold="true">
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EDCAG" xlink_title="División de Herpetología">DHMECN</abbrev>
|
||||
19106.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Head wider than long, short snout (
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EICAG" xlink_title="Head length">HL</abbrev>
|
||||
= 33 % of
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EMCAG" xlink_title="Snout-vent length">
|
||||
<collectionCode id="36F9F07C3C59F2C389540AEA6AF6CA82">SVL</collectionCode>
|
||||
</abbrev>
|
||||
), rounded in dorsal and lateral profile, nostrils orientated posterodorsally;
|
||||
<emphasis id="5B2951986126466166817FB4DDFA6633" italics="true">canthus rostralis</emphasis>
|
||||
concave; cranial crest absent; one rounded interocular tubercle; upper eyelid with rounded tubercles (three and four each) and few lower; supratympanic fold thick and discontinuous; four large subacuminated postrictal tubercles; tympanic annulus and membrane absent; few small and subconical maxillary tubercles; choana barely visible in the palatal shelf, posteriorly to level of choana and broadly separated, dentigerous process of vomers conspicuous, triangular, with four and five vomerine teeth each; tongue wider than long, 30 % adhering to the floor mouth; scapular fold W-shaped. Dorsum skin shagreen with numerous low warts; dorsolateral and medial fold absent; flanks shagreen with low warts and scarcely subconical and low tubercles; venter areolate with large and scattered warts; discoidal and pectoral fold absent; cloacal vent with rounded warts. Arms with low and oblique ridges and small subconical tubercles; subconical ulnar tubercles; U-shaped palmar tubercle, same length to thenar tubercle; thenar tubercle oval; low and few palmar supernumerary tubercles; subarticular tubercles rounded; fingers with lateral fringes, without interdigital membranes; Finger I shorter than Finger II; all digits with ventral pads, narrow and rounded in Finger I, barely expanded and elliptical in Finger II, expanded and elliptical in Fingers III and IV; discs in Fingers II and IV with circumferential grooves. Legs with low and oblique ridges, more noticeable in hind limbs and foot and small rounded tubercles;
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ESCAG" xlink_title="Tibia length">TL</abbrev>
|
||||
= 51 % of
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EWCAG" xlink_title="Snout-vent length">SVL</abbrev>
|
||||
; heel and tarsus with subconical tubercles; inner tarsal fold low and extending along the tarsus; inner metatarsal tubercle oval, three times larger than external which is round; few low plantar supernumerary tubercles; subarticular tubercles rounded; toes with lateral fringes, without interdigital membranes; all digits with ventral pads and circumferential grooves, barely expanded and elliptical in Toes I –
|
||||
<collectionCode id="3D63674246930AE527756C09D7B56C80" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||||
; relative length of Toes I <II <III <
|
||||
<collectionCode id="3D83DC1DDF1C562C19735F34283416C2" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||||
<IV (Figs
|
||||
<figureCitation id="5F3E65B2F43B4493246BA470BF7329BF" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Pristimantis ruidus in life. Female DHMECN 19106: A. Dorso-lateral view; B. Dorsal view; C. Ventral view; SVL = 30.0 mm. Female MUTPL 1613; D. Dorso-lateral view; E. Dorsal view; SVL = 20.1 mm. Photographs: Jaime Culebras, Juan Sánchez." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.100.119662.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1112609">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
–
|
||||
<figureCitation id="4C5A378B16E78603EA3C6252178DBDB2" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Pristimantis ruidus, adult female DHMECN 19106, details in preservative: A. Lateral view of head; B. Dorsal view of head; C. Ventral view of hand; D. Ventral view of foot. Scale bar: 4 mm. Photographs: Juan Sánchez." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.100.119662.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1112612">5</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="3656734872F2DFAF4DC78712BECC1002">
|
||||
In preservative, dorsum brown with dark brown blotches, interocular bar dark brown, scapular fold dark brown with yellowish-cream blotches in the higher portions. Flanks greyish-cream with white spots in tubercles tip or warts, postocular stripe black, labial bars dark brown with thin white lines or blotches. Venter yellowish-cream with white spots in warts. Extremities yellowish-cream in concealed surfaces, dorsally brown with diagonal dark brown bars with white spots in tubercles tip, ventrally yellowish-cream with some ash shading and white spots in tip tubercles or warts (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="8F4102C2774C8C4FB39A77DE18A460A9" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Pristimantis ruidus, adult female DHMECN 19106 in preservative: A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Lateral view. Scale bar: 4 mm. Photographs: Juan Sánchez." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.100.119662.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1112611">4</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C4ACC3BF8073D7240905BB5AA4670522">
|
||||
In life, dorsally Olive Clay Colour (85), with Verona Brown (37) blotches including scapular fold, and diagonal bars in extremities; snout Olive Sulphur Yellow (90), tip of snout and upper eyelids Lime Green (105); tip of tubercles in scapular fold Brunt Orange (10). In lateral view, flanks Olive Clay Colour (85) with Russet (44) botches in the upper middle portion, change to Medium Greenish-Yellow (88) and ashen Ferruginous (35) in the lower middle portion; russet labial bars, canthal blotch and postocular stripe; Smoky White (261) blotches and lines in labials. Ventrally, ashen Cream Colour (12) with Smoky White (261) spots. Interior surfaces of digits, Spectrum Yellow (79) with Verona Brown (37) splashes. Iris Light Chrome Orange (76) with black reticulations and sclera (Figs
|
||||
<figureCitation id="D75628882DA9572B12AB8481DD13DFDE" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Pristimantis ruidus in life. Female DHMECN 19106: A. Dorso-lateral view; B. Dorsal view; C. Ventral view; SVL = 30.0 mm. Female MUTPL 1613; D. Dorso-lateral view; E. Dorsal view; SVL = 20.1 mm. Photographs: Jaime Culebras, Juan Sánchez." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.100.119662.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1112609">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="FE125DA2BA86AE480496D7994644FEA0" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Pristimantis ruidus, adult female DHMECN 19106 in life: A. Lateral view of head; B. Dorsal view of head; C. Dorsal view of hand; D. Dorsal view of foot. Scale bar: 4 mm. Photographs: Juan Sánchez." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.100.119662.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1112610">3</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0ESDAG" type="variation">
|
||||
<paragraph id="2BB9542FA60702DB9EC6D5FC334E6B7E">
|
||||
<heading id="3CE8A375F98D250CF641FB361902675D" reason="title">Variation.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="85C0ADAA910436CE84865D9FA82DD533">
|
||||
In the case of the
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EYDAG" xlink_title="Museo de Zoología, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja">
|
||||
<collectionCode id="B2DAA477991F2BEC7CCE3B80CA545ED6">MUTPL</collectionCode>
|
||||
</abbrev>
|
||||
1613 specimen, the Olive Clay Colour (85) of the dorsum and other olive or green colour tones are replaced with Salmon Colour (83) (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="D857BF3BCF6853813B6FF18F1BA2CB11" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Pristimantis ruidus in life. Female DHMECN 19106: A. Dorso-lateral view; B. Dorsal view; C. Ventral view; SVL = 30.0 mm. Female MUTPL 1613; D. Dorso-lateral view; E. Dorsal view; SVL = 20.1 mm. Photographs: Jaime Culebras, Juan Sánchez." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.100.119662.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1112609">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The
|
||||
<specimenCount id="563433720C032399FBF9C7DA82DF6A1E" count="2" type="female">two female</specimenCount>
|
||||
specimens (
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EAEAG" xlink_title="Museo de Zoología, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja">
|
||||
<collectionCode id="1AEA0DC6708EC683D1C1690C144E6B2A">MUTPL</collectionCode>
|
||||
</abbrev>
|
||||
1613 and
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EEEAG" xlink_title="División de Herpetología">
|
||||
<collectionCode id="0FF000B28C9FBB42441F05E4F9EF725D">DHMECN</collectionCode>
|
||||
</abbrev>
|
||||
19106) are smaller in size (
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EIEAG" xlink_title="Snout-vent length">
|
||||
<collectionCode id="02355CF0909F46B21CD07147F086CB61">SVL</collectionCode>
|
||||
</abbrev>
|
||||
20.1 and 30.0 mm, respectively) than the females of the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5BB058E6C13AE83F14CE08BA5E12D033">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
series (
|
||||
<quantity id="FA79924ACE6E7ABEEC9C1E361756D346" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.845" metricValueMax="3.9799999999999995" metricValueMin="3.71" unit="mm" value="38.45" valueMax="39.8" valueMin="37.1">37.1–39.8 mm</quantity>
|
||||
), reported by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="47D815FA01780D5775DC179DA967AC98" DOI="10.5962/bhl.title.16268" author="Lynch JD" firstAuthor="Lynch" journalOrPublisher="University of Kansas Natural History Museum Miscellaneous Publication" pagination="1-62" refId="B18" refString="Lynch JD (1979) Leptodactylid frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus from the Andes of southern Ecuador. University of Kansas Natural History Museum Miscellaneous Publication 66: 1–62. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.16268" title="Leptodactylid frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus from the Andes of southern Ecuador." volume="66" year="1979">Lynch (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. Morphometric variation is presented in Table
|
||||
<tableCitation id="5A6BCF5814B47C07E70B1883D29732A4" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Morphological measurements (in mm) of the two newly-collected Pristimantis ruidus specimens and for the holotype as provided by Lynch (1979). Abbreviations: SVL = Snout-vent length, TL = Tibia length, FL = Foot length, HL = Head length, HW = Head width, IOD = Interorbital distance, EW = Width of upper eyelid, IND = Internarial distance, EN = Eye-nostril distance, ED = Eye diameter." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7F14BA361170F426A9824A96C27C34D1" tableUuid="7F14BA361170F426A9824A96C27C34D1">1</tableCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="7F14BA361170F426A9824A96C27C34D1" ID-Table-UUID="7F14BA361170F426A9824A96C27C34D1" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7F14BA361170F426A9824A96C27C34D1" startId="T1">
|
||||
<paragraph id="36FA919890FFAC831D21C85311E9A714">
|
||||
<label id="3E5B496FB6C86B38981FABAB78095507">Table 1.</label>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E62285B2EE6C9261A7AC5C6A685C35D7">
|
||||
Morphological measurements (in mm) of the two newly-collected
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FFBA88F68F504F9EEAFDE62F5AB72E86" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1979" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruidus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FEC827BEC9D10E89EBBDBA3DEBBB38F0" italics="true">Pristimantis ruidus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
specimens and for the holotype as provided by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="91E3C5A4B6B42DA099322E356E7226B2" DOI="10.5962/bhl.title.16268" author="Lynch JD" firstAuthor="Lynch" journalOrPublisher="University of Kansas Natural History Museum Miscellaneous Publication" pagination="1-62" refId="B18" refString="Lynch JD (1979) Leptodactylid frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus from the Andes of southern Ecuador. University of Kansas Natural History Museum Miscellaneous Publication 66: 1–62. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.16268" title="Leptodactylid frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus from the Andes of southern Ecuador." volume="66" year="1979">Lynch (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. Abbreviations:
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EMFAG" xlink_title="Snout-vent length">SVL</abbrev>
|
||||
= Snout-vent length,
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EQFAG" xlink_title="Tibia length">TL</abbrev>
|
||||
= Tibia length,
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EUFAG" xlink_title="Foot length">FL</abbrev>
|
||||
= Foot length,
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EYFAG" xlink_title="Head length">HL</abbrev>
|
||||
= Head length,
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E3FAG" xlink_title="Head width">HW</abbrev>
|
||||
= Head width,
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EAGAG" xlink_title="Interorbital distance">IOD</abbrev>
|
||||
= Interorbital distance,
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EEGAG" xlink_title="Width of upper eyelid">EW</abbrev>
|
||||
= Width of upper eyelid,
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EIGAG" xlink_title="Internarial distance">IND</abbrev>
|
||||
= Internarial distance,
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EMGAG" xlink_title="Eye-nostril distance">EN</abbrev>
|
||||
= Eye-nostril distance,
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EQGAG" xlink_title="Eye diameter">ED</abbrev>
|
||||
= Eye diameter.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="28FD41BEAF5666B8E55F84FB295EACEA">
|
||||
<table id="TID0E5DBG" rules="all">
|
||||
<tbody id="EED5E832ED85020710298F1439C13AAF">
|
||||
<tr id="3FA3145CEB95367821A5969058A5F2E7">
|
||||
<th id="45F4A1561C86F1DE4427BFA3E04B1540" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Museum Code</th>
|
||||
<th id="A7CD6A33171BED0EC47CFFD56ACF982B" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EAHAG" xlink_title="Snout-vent length">SVL</abbrev>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<th id="2FD16368F187CCB3CA8573FF30F04B77" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EIHAG" xlink_title="Tibia length">TL</abbrev>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<th id="BD673A06683ED33D18A80D7773F27D6B" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EQHAG" xlink_title="Foot length">FL</abbrev>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<th id="0DDA82658228B1A392C72012271F97DC" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EYHAG" xlink_title="Head length">HL</abbrev>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<th id="36EB5F59AC2F30EFAEE93DADB32B9AB8" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EAIAG" xlink_title="Head width">HW</abbrev>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<th id="324483E18311691F769DB3BDF308C23F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EIIAG" xlink_title="Interorbital distance">IOD</abbrev>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<th id="5F03320AE785E20F0940852F5E472655" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EQIAG" xlink_title="Width of upper eyelid">EW</abbrev>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<th id="1E1C00AE34A634A5F032A8964BFFFA3A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EYIAG" xlink_title="Internarial distance">IND</abbrev>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<th id="B4C2FCA838ADE55C8CEBC6632CB84F8F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EAJAG" xlink_title="Eye-nostril distance">EN</abbrev>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<th id="8BD1ED0ADF647F25494A45263A800334" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EIJAG" xlink_title="Eye diameter">ED</abbrev>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<th id="E106558C27F5AAFFB605C880A4B3C67C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Sex</th>
|
||||
<th id="B63104700FED807D7275CEDB349AEFBC" colspan="1" rowspan="1">State</th>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="C0BCBD98A2514EB56E2C8A588CC9E1D6">
|
||||
<td id="80C23DA958FB91B3CFBEEF87805FDB03" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EXJAG" xlink_title="División de Herpetología">DHMECN</abbrev>
|
||||
19106
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="82EBEE032348D7B98EB5469D298F4C6C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">30.0</td>
|
||||
<td id="01DC58A1BB82A3AA78F3310545CC522D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">15.5</td>
|
||||
<td id="6B3B8A8B940194B66B8A12BE0EB41BD0" colspan="1" rowspan="1">15.3</td>
|
||||
<td id="FAA1EA945E65523DED348A933C630FE0" colspan="1" rowspan="1">10.0</td>
|
||||
<td id="43E5971F23F9956EF3F589F1A1F62496" colspan="1" rowspan="1">10.9</td>
|
||||
<td id="761F18797906B1DD5A8C4888D056DD14" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3.0</td>
|
||||
<td id="83CFCE4106259198E8CEC4C7AED4BF4A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2.6</td>
|
||||
<td id="D68E2FF017346E816246406B0846FD60" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2.5</td>
|
||||
<td id="3A879801E1696133CBA4149599C68C14" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2.6</td>
|
||||
<td id="2E107C03C482D38A819DEEAE8395DDAE" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3.3</td>
|
||||
<td id="D79661A2B587485E4E396EF3FDA56B8C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Female</td>
|
||||
<td id="02E7B15A9E43DAB25A5C01E1ACEF9459" colspan="1" rowspan="1">adult</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="85C445E57F0BD2886ABF72E387F70A87">
|
||||
<td id="081F6B68348072AF32FDA88D64A6478C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EELAG" xlink_title="Museo de Zoología, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja">MUTPL</abbrev>
|
||||
1613
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="4DAF96DE3929F42240CE7F465094E18F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">20.1</td>
|
||||
<td id="5C7A19C1C538CF2FBC7C9A17B7556810" colspan="1" rowspan="1">10.2</td>
|
||||
<td id="A57BAB4AC5097F50A593D05942EF48E4" colspan="1" rowspan="1">9.6</td>
|
||||
<td id="E1B30049FB13889310155D4B079F5385" colspan="1" rowspan="1">6.7</td>
|
||||
<td id="28FDAEB95F49AE29E35BFE790968139C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">7.5</td>
|
||||
<td id="4F2138F33F18C5990A57C1C62C940B35" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2.0</td>
|
||||
<td id="995AFBBA82C7E73C74E837525A36C660" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1.8</td>
|
||||
<td id="1FD8B4970580E59F7ACCB13D60E280C7" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1.7</td>
|
||||
<td id="74A5DA8FDD3B99E805D1C114245CB339" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1.6</td>
|
||||
<td id="710DCFA612EEEF4A2EFEF98E7F66074D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2.3</td>
|
||||
<td id="78825B9BACFB580272CA8DD033A1D6DE" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Female</td>
|
||||
<td id="7A56FEC4E95EF4C437232AB4A20683F2" colspan="1" rowspan="1">adult</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="875E1FC9E23540D3A88C141AB3AC3714">
|
||||
<td id="08D52320A7F73541EF66B4AAF09651CA" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<named-content id="2A773226164E6DDD7FA81C1F219BDCC5" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/american-museum-natural-history" xlink_title="American Museum of Natural History">AMNH</named-content>
|
||||
17590 (Holotype)
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
<td id="DF0135516E9080CBB147C9904C2D23C0" colspan="1" rowspan="1">38.4</td>
|
||||
<td id="DB9CA104B6EC2680DA7AC495C955A115" colspan="1" rowspan="1">16.3</td>
|
||||
<td id="E1C016269A6C3D7132AE1991FA912252" colspan="1" rowspan="1">--</td>
|
||||
<td id="AE5B43DA90C3FD73F10CEA8A4CDE978D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">11.4</td>
|
||||
<td id="2991F80605999F737F4FAC21D324BA2A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">13.4</td>
|
||||
<td id="4394AC4D6B2427416AB9B603AFC2717C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2.9</td>
|
||||
<td id="AAC18FCAD37C1750F29E1D70FCC07275" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3.6</td>
|
||||
<td id="EAF750FE095AE3A9EC36A0746690F7F9" colspan="1" rowspan="1">--</td>
|
||||
<td id="2EA13156D61A36FCB7A92CB49745C975" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3.2</td>
|
||||
<td id="CA42EF290BB3ED378921143D6FB977DF" colspan="1" rowspan="1">4.5</td>
|
||||
<td id="430BB8E93268442A0EC97E1CD49555CC" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Female</td>
|
||||
<td id="DADEB45009589E1AB1BFB5384AC27408" colspan="1" rowspan="1">adult</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EZNAG" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="BDAC1786140201349E6848E31B7833EE">
|
||||
<heading id="3E1A0258B1CD1ED84094876E8187DDFA" reason="title">Distribution and natural history.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7073348FFC90C883C4BF6CDD093A25F6">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39E0CF9B6A979983E9357865E7538C79" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1979" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruidus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7A4E49CCFA4D39A7940552474715F6DA" italics="true">Pristimantis ruidus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was known only from its
|
||||
<typeStatus id="D4835B389C297BD2B37C67BC16FF9E7F">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
locality Molleturo (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="00D33D033611933EB16817D7D583F6B4" DOI="10.5962/bhl.title.16268" author="Lynch" firstAuthor="Lynch" journalOrPublisher="University of Kansas Natural History Museum Miscellaneous Publication" pagination="1-62" refId="B18" refString="Lynch JD (1979) Leptodactylid frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus from the Andes of southern Ecuador. University of Kansas Natural History Museum Miscellaneous Publication 66: 1–62. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.16268" title="Leptodactylid frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus from the Andes of southern Ecuador." volume="66" year="1979">Lynch 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). The new record is approximately
|
||||
<quantity id="CC4F2A7DC5D04628319FC19EB0F80643" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" unit="km" value="6.0">6 km</quantity>
|
||||
from the town of Molleturo, from the Western Andean montane evergreen forest (
|
||||
<date id="09FDBA18B6FA27A3E7A49B3F683A79C2" value="2012-03">
|
||||
<collectionCode id="46DF61FB0501EA689484458FEFF060A5">MAE</collectionCode>
|
||||
2012
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
), on the same western slope of the Macizo del Cajas (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A6BE8D2BDA03C860F1DB9899BE1A93EC" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Map of Ecuador showing the distribution of Pristimantis ruidus in Azuay Province, Ecuador. On the left, an enlarged view of the area. Source: Esri, Maxar, Earthstar geographics and the GIS User Community." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.100.119662.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1112608">1</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="46B1729871A1F444DB297DB2C19CD28B">
|
||||
Both individuals were found during the night, with full moon lighting (21: 58 h – 00: 09 h), close to the ground (<
|
||||
<quantity id="2324890BC60B10BE788FA5EDA751AEA1" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" unit="cm" value="70.0">70 cm</quantity>
|
||||
), in forested areas with abundant shrubby and herbaceous vegetation, soil covered by leaf litter and close to streams (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="610B6234F043BCE31D14A6222908A8F8" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Above: Panoramic view of Reserva de Conservación Quitahuaycu (Amaru Foundation). Below: Montane evergreen forest habitat of Pristimantis ruidus. Photographs: Ernesto Arbeláez." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.100.119662.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1112615">8</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ED0E9821841F8FFEB34F30B27C4BDC47" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1979" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruidus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="715DE3BFFC2C46BDEBE05E674F1C9B8D" italics="true">Pristimantis ruidus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was observed in sympatry with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C120F1FDC509BE46C7C707C4A4D7EDA6" authority="Paez & Ron, 2019" authorityName="Paez & Ron" authorityYear="2019" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jimenezi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F3A8DF8434C0539F2C14B8787DAE7182" italics="true">P. jimenezi</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="5481FE1E7D4B1CCFCD12D480D38133BC" DOI="10.3897/zookeys.868.26766" author="Páez NB & Ron SR" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pagination="1-112" refId="B26" refString="Paez NB, Ron SR (2019) Systematics of Huicundomantis, a new subgenus of Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) with extraordinary cryptic diversity and eleven new species. ZooKeys 868: 1 - 112. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 868.26766" title="Systematics of Huicundomantis, a new subgenus of Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) with extraordinary cryptic diversity and eleven new species." volume="868" year="2019">Páez & Ron, 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and three additional
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="00E9FFBBA146FDE9BE1D2914844E398C">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E367C34028F7FE441E51C73C04F36605" italics="true">Pristimantis</emphasis>
|
||||
species
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and one
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="93453E9B9812A02F88876A7BF487C419">
|
||||
<emphasis id="9498012AAEFB828317FAAA3B5104BD62" italics="true">Noblella</emphasis>
|
||||
Barbour, 1930 species
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with uncertain taxonomic status.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="EB083D198564E210612D8ADC185051A7" ID-DOI="10.3897/zse.100.119662.figure8" ID-arpha="BDCBEA56-7734-50CF-8EF8-F249394B05FF" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1112615" startId="F8">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F3868F154BA97CD641839BE1B3DA23CA">
|
||||
<label id="B4216DD17240F0F7E8B6C54290C9C31D">Figure 8.</label>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="FBF910EDBDE790FF0B6265B615422EFF">
|
||||
Above: Panoramic view of Reserva de Conservación Quitahuaycu (Amaru Foundation). Below: Montane evergreen forest habitat of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="37CFC5E20FA15899A1FC000C9D11228E" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1979" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruidus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="70DC300BC2C7F70E4E5A37E615411B1E" italics="true">Pristimantis ruidus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Photographs: Ernesto Arbeláez.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EUQAG" type="conservation status">
|
||||
<paragraph id="9F740A9DF947EDE11C508C66929D8532">
|
||||
<heading id="D271C9ED8AC35E323BFFF08306DE35D6" reason="title">Conservation status.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A31E8317F122AA3938113F0CB031280F">
|
||||
Currently, the forests on the Andean foothills in western
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="7738F4AA16D09510E328690719B29902" name="Ecuador">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, which include the Molleturo Forest, retain only 30 % of their original extent, this being one of the most degraded and fragmented ecosystems in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="28BA6F0373AC9D8DBC671AE1C1D89FE6" name="Ecuador">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="A19D43A21A7AD0C220FC79339E648254" author="Sierra" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Sierra" journalOrPublisher="Ministerio de Ambiente y Agua del Ecuador, Ministerio de Agricultura del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador" refId="B33" refString="Sierra R, Calva O, Guevara A (2021) La Deforestación en el Ecuador, 1990–2018. Factores promotores y tendencias recientes. Ministerio de Ambiente y Agua del Ecuador, Ministerio de Agricultura del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador, 216 pp." title="La Deforestación en el Ecuador, 1990-2018. Factores promotores y tendencias recientes." year="2021">Sierra et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Molleturo is part of the Área de Vegetación y Bosques Protectores (
|
||||
<collectionCode id="DE874BD39A91D624688FAF05A9EF21DB">AVBP</collectionCode>
|
||||
) Molleturo-Mollepungo, a form of community reserve that covers over 140,000 hectares; however, currently it does not have a management plan and is not included in the National Environmental Protection Policy (Política Ambiental Nacional del
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="EEA17CD50BD90CFD9E0D580725876471" name="Ecuador">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||||
); this makes the entire area highly vulnerable to loss and destruction of natural vegetation cover.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="3622C68EAB11D01CD012ADD407DB5A1F">
|
||||
Various significant threats have been identified in the region, mostly linked to activities of anthropogenic origin, such as deforestation for the expansion of grazing areas and the extraction of wood for fire. The situation is aggravated by the presence of numerous mining concessions throughout the area, as well as the proliferation of illegal mining. The Molleturo Parish has one of the highest rates of poverty and inequality in the country (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="7B0F1212E11BCEDE510D96747D208C5D" author="Molina" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Molina" refId="B22" refString="Molina A, Cabrera E, Moreno L, Sharman MA, Cuevas F (2015) Mapa de Pobreza y Desigualdad por consumo Ecuador 2014. Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos y Banco Mundial (INEC-BM). Quito-Ecuador, 281 pp." year="2015">Molina et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), making the area even more susceptible to rapid destruction and consequent loss of environmental quality.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E77585BE0166AA35610F9BB954805555">
|
||||
The Reserva de Conservación Quitahuaycu comprises approximately 900 hectares (0.6 % of the total area of Molleturo-Mollepungo
|
||||
<collectionCode id="8036BDBF3A5290C90822DF67CBD8BC86">AVBP</collectionCode>
|
||||
), protecting ecosystems of high montane and montane evergreen forests of the western mountain of the Andean cordillera (0.14 %) and the Páramo grassland (0.02 %) (
|
||||
<date id="AEEE158CD7F994687572955B7B33BA03" value="2012-03">
|
||||
<collectionCode id="3260256D061ADA368FF9303AC3B308B7">MAE</collectionCode>
|
||||
2012
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
). This Reserve is the result of conservation efforts made by the community coalition of Arquillo, San José de Huigra, San Antonio and Migüir, together with the Fundación y Bioparque
|
||||
<collectionCode id="764F4D65609BC3864189A6B5CC99B359">AMARU</collectionCode>
|
||||
, aiming to preserve threatened species of amphibians which are present here, such as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="241B6DC1E80D1E6549F1348A65190F25" authority="Coloma, 2002" authorityName="Coloma" authorityYear="2002" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nanay">
|
||||
<emphasis id="479C5A9E2F893577311A654CBE5FD52F" italics="true">Atelopus nanay</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8B451D1315B7FE8EF021B2F1AB861873" DOI="10.1655/0018-0831(2002)058[0229:TNSOAA]2.0.CO;2" author="Coloma LA" refId="B5" refString="Coloma LA (2002) Two new species of Atelopus (Anura, Bufonidae) from Ecuador. Herpetologica 58 (2): 229 - 252. https: // doi. org / 10.1655 / 0018 - 0831 (2002) 058 [0229: TNSOAA] 2.0. CO; 2" year="2002">Coloma, 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(CR),
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AD7BD992CA2568F22776AF25FDE0EA33" authority="Paez & Ron, 2019" authorityName="Paez & Ron" authorityYear="2019" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verrucolatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="960E1E93DDEDA2DEF6D07B138788DE26" italics="true">Pristimantis verrucolatus</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="BDEC8DEBFC5218E8177EAF82C8BE6190" DOI="10.3897/zookeys.868.26766" author="Páez NB & Ron SR" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pagination="1-112" refId="B26" refString="Paez NB, Ron SR (2019) Systematics of Huicundomantis, a new subgenus of Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) with extraordinary cryptic diversity and eleven new species. ZooKeys 868: 1 - 112. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 868.26766" title="Systematics of Huicundomantis, a new subgenus of Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) with extraordinary cryptic diversity and eleven new species." volume="868" year="2019">Páez & Ron, 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(CR),
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B11B0F1C5CDC2FF049783AD64F16281A" authority="(CR)" baseAuthorityName="CR" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jimenezi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E27130CBDCFBB8D8AFECD6C4FBF10909" italics="true">Pristimantis jimenezi</emphasis>
|
||||
(CR)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, in addition to species with taxonomic uncertainty that are probably new species to science.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="D5F5D8A1ED31FC21BA8BF69EA6B0CE22">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9F8B80F05348C223B11592EAA3234928" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1979" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruidus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F9C2D2794E1BDE6646285850128654CA" italics="true">Pristimantis ruidus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has a very low detectability. Despite intense search efforts carried out by different research groups in the area, its presence was missed over the last century and we were only able to encounter two individuals. We suspect that it only inhabits densely-forested areas with ravines and humid areas, so that the species is restricted to the best conserved parts of the ecosystem, Bosque siempreverde montano de Cordillera Occidental de Los Andes (
|
||||
<date id="EA13D7C0960EFA160F86DA9CC3447FCD" value="2012-03">
|
||||
<collectionCode id="1A3A12B0E4CE523343A89406062F1149">MAE</collectionCode>
|
||||
2012
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
), between elevations of 2317 and
|
||||
<quantity id="A5F0CFE085BD0F2CD99BFC8CA7C95F26" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.677" unit="m" value="2677.0">2677 m</quantity>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="447AAE72EB10A6520AB0A537C254B6D0">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="35C2CADD300127EEAE34D8EF3DFD0F0F" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1979" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruidus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0B9C136D35817BB0C4B3FFA20A8BAA8A" italics="true">Pristimantis ruidus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is categorised as “ Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct) D ” according to a recent assessment, because “ given survey efforts and lack of records since 1922, it was inferred that it is either extinct or if there is still an extant population, that it is very small (<50 mature individuals) ” (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="2371A3E644C78398D04EF6A8AB7D1393" DOI="10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T56935A98653456.en" refId="B13" refString="IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2023) Pristimantis ruidus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2023: e. T 56935 A 98653456. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T56935A98653456.en" year="2023">IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group 2023</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). We consider the Critically Endangered status to be accurate, as the Extent of Occurrence (
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EFTAG" xlink_title="Extent of Occurrence">
|
||||
<collectionCode id="C28F79081527653E9868F80736488A9C">EOO</collectionCode>
|
||||
</abbrev>
|
||||
) is less than
|
||||
<quantity id="D9B0CD175AC4A28FF12D82F07543B8C3" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
|
||||
<superScript id="707E32978B9955518E2A11CD20D6DF2B">2</superScript>
|
||||
, the Area of Occupancy (
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ELTAG" xlink_title="Area of Occupancy">
|
||||
<collectionCode id="B1B23DDD28D8573418B9254B0D7327E5">AOO</collectionCode>
|
||||
</abbrev>
|
||||
) is less than
|
||||
<quantity id="B0247AA9CB5630F7043F6704158D3F7D" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
|
||||
<superScript id="43E1C2E1E799C144C4AEACA83040D696">2</superScript>
|
||||
, probably only one viable population and a low number of individuals. However, the complement “ Possibly Extinct ” should be removed from the
|
||||
<collectionCode id="159B30A345A35FBA76FD098E48AF726C">IUCN</collectionCode>
|
||||
assessment.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0ERTAG" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F70A64B8B7F264117758FB150D2BFD20">
|
||||
<heading id="6345B04EA44FCC2FF6FF05B12F00AAFB" reason="title">Remarks.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="AC6ECE1880AFEBC08D7349ACFB22EF7D">
|
||||
We identified contradictions between the
|
||||
<emphasis id="5C1B5BD294C119F2E60B1451CF6BEF37" italics="true">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<emphasis id="A8BB5CF684CB4FF58B36958C480B45BD" italics="true">Description</emphasis>
|
||||
sections from
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="049C546ACFC92FD2C7CAE6452F4CF066" DOI="10.5962/bhl.title.16268" author="Lynch JD" firstAuthor="Lynch" journalOrPublisher="University of Kansas Natural History Museum Miscellaneous Publication" pagination="1-62" refId="B18" refString="Lynch JD (1979) Leptodactylid frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus from the Andes of southern Ecuador. University of Kansas Natural History Museum Miscellaneous Publication 66: 1–62. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.16268" title="Leptodactylid frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus from the Andes of southern Ecuador." volume="66" year="1979">Lynch (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, as well as characteristics that could have been lost due to the preservation of the original specimens and which are easily recognisable by examining the living specimens and recently preserved specimens. In the case of the condition of digits without rounded pads, we recognised them as elliptical. The interorbital space originally described as flat, but without mention of the presence of the one evident rounded tubercle, as it is noticeable in the photographs of the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="2C0D5357C47DFDD1BEB88AAEB8C338D5" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
and the fig.
|
||||
<quantity id="267CBAD28A4F4B0F01943021ECA665BC" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.572" unit="in" value="18.0">18 in</quantity>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="62362693742B2431AED0316C1098A2FA" DOI="10.5962/bhl.title.16268" author="Lynch JD" firstAuthor="Lynch" journalOrPublisher="University of Kansas Natural History Museum Miscellaneous Publication" pagination="1-62" refId="B18" refString="Lynch JD (1979) Leptodactylid frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus from the Andes of southern Ecuador. University of Kansas Natural History Museum Miscellaneous Publication 66: 1–62. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.16268" title="Leptodactylid frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus from the Andes of southern Ecuador." volume="66" year="1979">Lynch (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. The discoidal fold is absent in our specimens and the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="4863D08C5B3B792479229FCA1389E017" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
photographs in concordance with
|
||||
<emphasis id="ECB42462338EB2E2A448542539A61E1D" italics="true">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9ED3387FEF4A382D7CC9464816F64938" DOI="10.5962/bhl.title.16268" author="Lynch" firstAuthor="Lynch" journalOrPublisher="University of Kansas Natural History Museum Miscellaneous Publication" pagination="1-62" refId="B18" refString="Lynch JD (1979) Leptodactylid frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus from the Andes of southern Ecuador. University of Kansas Natural History Museum Miscellaneous Publication 66: 1–62. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.16268" title="Leptodactylid frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus from the Andes of southern Ecuador." volume="66" year="1979">Lynch 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) but differs from the
|
||||
<emphasis id="F7BE7FEF3FA8EEF00B0264A646AA2636" italics="true">Description</emphasis>
|
||||
in the same publication and is misidentified as relatively prominent. In
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F5A63B48A432BA1FAE036081D79EAC4B" DOI="10.5962/bhl.title.7951" author="Lynch JD & Duellman WE" firstAuthor="Lynch" journalOrPublisher="Natural History Museum, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS" refId="B19" refString="Lynch JD, Duellman WE (1997) Frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus (Leptodactylidae) in western Ecuador: systematic, ecology, and biogeography. Natural History Museum, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 236 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.7951" title="Frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus (Leptodactylidae) in western Ecuador: systematic, ecology, and biogeography." year="1997">Lynch and Duellman (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, the authors mentioned that Toe
|
||||
<collectionCode id="328C83148E456F78264CAD7772CC91B3" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||||
was much longer than Toe III; however, when examining the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="429675F8F067A783129DD0C1E62F9266" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
photographs, we can observe that, in reality, the size relationship between Toe
|
||||
<collectionCode id="CCF0C2A48EACACCFF29149B807B71C97" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||||
and Toe III is similar to that of our specimens (Toe
|
||||
<collectionCode id="CA3FC275C505A5330ED4FAE6DAB0FF42" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||||
extends slightly beyond subarticular tubercle II and Toe III does not exceed subarticular tubercle
|
||||
<collectionCode id="5E6AE6D19A7A3A480B394852BE66A261">II</collectionCode>
|
||||
) (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="3457263B492309AD28BE558BD002F3C4" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Holotype of Pristimantis ruidus AMNH 17590: A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Ventral view of hand; D. Ventral view of foot; E. Lateral view of head F. Dorsal view of head; SVL = 38.4 mm. Scale bar: 10 mm (Above the black line); 4 mm (Below the black line). Photographs: Lauren Vonnahme." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.100.119662.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1112613">6</figureCitation>
|
||||
). According to
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="68CC0E56053C451334B703D8F243EABC" DOI="10.5962/bhl.title.16268" author="Lynch JD" firstAuthor="Lynch" journalOrPublisher="University of Kansas Natural History Museum Miscellaneous Publication" pagination="1-62" refId="B18" refString="Lynch JD (1979) Leptodactylid frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus from the Andes of southern Ecuador. University of Kansas Natural History Museum Miscellaneous Publication 66: 1–62. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.16268" title="Leptodactylid frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus from the Andes of southern Ecuador." volume="66" year="1979">Lynch (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<named-content id="83CA6C7A10B3CF29E5E0C1787651ACB5" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/american-museum-natural-history" xlink_title="American Museum of Natural History">
|
||||
<collectionCode id="6199DB5515E51288ECAB2CD447271748" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" type="">AMNH</collectionCode>
|
||||
</named-content>
|
||||
17597 (
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E2UAG" xlink_title="Snout-vent length">
|
||||
<collectionCode id="94C4191E4DA179FDEA0774B3B15ED1A3">SVL</collectionCode>
|
||||
</abbrev>
|
||||
= 29.0 mm) is not a mature female, having moderate convolutions and small eggs. However, our specimen
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E6UAG" xlink_title="División de Herpetología">DHMECN</abbrev>
|
||||
19106 (
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EDVAG" xlink_title="Snout-vent length">
|
||||
<collectionCode id="7A9AD30D0A0007C43E17B09913989223">SVL</collectionCode>
|
||||
</abbrev>
|
||||
= 30.0 mm) is an adult female because it has developed ovaries.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in a new issue