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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.108.27284" ID-GBIF-Dataset="718b1335-ae2f-4507-be80-eac40efabc59" ID-PMC="PMC6160829" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-108-85" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFBBFFAB9720FF8D7D4CFFB9FFF1FFC8" ID-PubMed="30275734" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1420642" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1314-2003-108-85" ModsDocOrigin="PhytoKeys 108" ModsDocTitle="Nomenclatural review of Acalypha (Euphorbiaceae) of the Western Indian Ocean Region (Madagascar, the Comoros Archipelago, the Mascarene Islands and the Seychelles Archipelago)" checkinTime="1555330637131" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Munoz, Iris Montero, Cardiel, Jose Maria &amp; Levin, Geoffrey A." docDate="2018" docId="62EC1013776BEA92AB08FB3F5F9D1774" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 108: 85-116" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 108" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.108.27284" docTitle="Acalypha indica L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1003. 1753" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="FFBBFFAB9720FF8D7D4CFFB9FFF1FFC8" lastPageNumber="85" masterDocId="FFBBFFAB9720FF8D7D4CFFB9FFF1FFC8" masterDocTitle="Nomenclatural review of Acalypha (Euphorbiaceae) of the Western Indian Ocean Region (Madagascar, the Comoros Archipelago, the Mascarene Islands and the Seychelles Archipelago)" masterLastPageNumber="116" masterPageNumber="85" pageNumber="85" updateTime="1668139029219" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Nomenclatural review of Acalypha (Euphorbiaceae) of the Western Indian Ocean Region (Madagascar, the Comoros Archipelago, the Mascarene Islands and the Seychelles Archipelago)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Munoz, Iris Montero</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Cardiel, Jose Maria</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Levin, Geoffrey A.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>108</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>85</mods:start>
<mods:end>116</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.108.27284</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.108.27284</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-108-85</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="156201447" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:62EC1013776BEA92AB08FB3F5F9D1774" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/62EC1013776BEA92AB08FB3F5F9D1774" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="85" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
15.
<taxonomicName LSID="62EC1013-776B-EA92-AB08-FB3F5F9D1774" authority="L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1003. 1753." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Acalypha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acalypha indica" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indica">Acalypha indica L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1003. 1753.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="85" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
India: s.l., s.d.,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Herb. Hermann 3: 2</emphasis>
, #
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">34</emphasis>
. (lectotype, designated by Radcliffe-Smith (1986: 65): BM; isolectotype: BM).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="85" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
Widely distributed in the Paleotropics and introduced in the Americas. In the WIOR, it is found only in disturbed areas and almost certainly is introduced there. Madagascar (Antananarivo, Antsiranana, Fianarantsoa). Comoros Archipelago (Anjouan,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mohéli">Moheli</normalizedToken>
, Mayotte). Mascarene Islands (Mauritius,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Réunion">Reunion</normalizedToken>
). Seychelles Archipelago.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="85" type="references">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="85">References.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
<bibRefCitation author="Bojer, W" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" refId="B12" refString="Bojer, W, 1837. Hortus Mauritianus. Aime Mararot &amp; Co., Mauritius, 1-456." title="Hortus Mauritianus. Aime Mararot &amp; Co., Mauritius, 1 - 456." year="1837">Bojer (1837</bibRefCitation>
: 285);
<bibRefCitation author="Baillon, HE" journalOrPublisher="Adansonia" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" pagination="251 - 286" refId="B2" refString="Baillon, HE, 1861. Euphorbiacees Africaines. Deixieme partie, Afrique Orientale (Bourbon, Maurice, Madagascar, Zanguebar, etc.). Adansonia 1: 251 - 286" title="Euphorbiacees Africaines. Deixieme partie, Afrique Orientale (Bourbon, Maurice, Madagascar, Zanguebar, etc.)." volume="1" year="1861">Baillon (1861</bibRefCitation>
: 274);
<bibRefCitation author="Mueller-Argoviensis, J" journalOrPublisher="Linnaea" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" pagination="1 - 54" refId="B36" refString="Mueller-Argoviensis, J, 1865. Euphorbiaceae. Vorlaeufige Mittheilungen aus den fuer De Candolle Prodromus bestimmtem Manuscript ueber diese Familie. Linnaea 34: 1 - 54" title="Euphorbiaceae. Vorlaeufige Mittheilungen aus den fuer De Candolle Prodromus bestimmtem Manuscript ueber diese Familie." volume="34" year="1865">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
Argoviensis (1865
</bibRefCitation>
: 42;
<bibRefCitation author="Mueller-Argoviensis, J" journalOrPublisher="Linnaea" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" refId="B37" refString="Mueller-Argoviensis, J, 1866. Acalypha. In: De Candolle AP (Ed.) Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis. Vol 15(2). Paris, Treuttel et Wuertz, 799-889." title="Acalypha. In: De Candolle AP (Ed.) Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis. Vol 15 (2). Paris, Treuttel et Wuertz, 799 - 889." year="1866">1866</bibRefCitation>
: 868);
<bibRefCitation author="Baker, JG" journalOrPublisher="Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" refId="B9" refString="Baker, JG, 1877. Flora of Mauritius and the Seychelles: a description of the flowering plants and ferns of those islands. L Reeve, London, 1-557." title="Flora of Mauritius and the Seychelles: a description of the flowering plants and ferns of those islands. L Reeve, London, 1 - 557." year="1877">Baker (1877</bibRefCitation>
: 314);
<bibRefCitation author="Mueller-Argoviensis, J" journalOrPublisher="Linnaea" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" refId="B38" refString="Mueller-Argoviensis, J, 1882. Euphorbiaceen. In: Buchenau, Fr (Ed.) Reliquiae Rutenbergianae I (Botanik, Taf. I, II). Abhandlungen herausgegeben vom Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein zu Bremen 7: 24-30." title="Euphorbiaceen. In: Buchenau, Fr (Ed.) Reliquiae Rutenbergianae I (Botanik, Taf. I, II). Abhandlungen herausgegeben vom Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein zu Bremen 7: 24 - 30." year="1882">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
Argoviensis (1882
</bibRefCitation>
: 27);
<bibRefCitation author="Baillon, HE" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin Mensuel de la Societe Linneenne de Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" pagination="1193 - 1200" refId="B6" refString="Baillon, HE, 1895b. Liste des plantes de Madagascar (suite de la page 1181). Bulletin Mensuel de la Societe Linneenne de Paris 2 (151): 1193 - 1200" title="Liste des plantes de Madagascar (suite de la page 1181)." volume="2" year="1895 b">Baillon (1895b</bibRefCitation>
: 1197);
<bibRefCitation author="de Cordemoy, EJ" journalOrPublisher="153. Lauracees a 160. Euphorbiacees. The Sugar Industry Research Institute, Mauritius, L'Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique Outre-Mer, Paris, and The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" refId="B18" refString="de Cordemoy, EJ, 1895. Flore de l'ile de la Reunion (phanerogames, cryptogames, vasculaires, muscinees) avec l'indication des proprietes economiques &amp; industrielles des plantes. Jacques Lechevalier, Librairie Medicale &amp; Scientifique, Paris, 1-574." title="Flore de l'ile de la Reunion (phanerogames, cryptogames, vasculaires, muscinees) avec l'indication des proprietes economiques &amp; industrielles des plantes. Jacques Lechevalier, Librairie Medicale &amp; Scientifique, Paris, 1 - 574." year="1895">de Cordemoy (1895</bibRefCitation>
: 342);
<bibRefCitation author="Palacky, J" journalOrPublisher="Linnaea" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" refId="B40" refString="Palacky, J, 1907. Catalogus plantarum Madagascariensium II. Pragae, 1-89." title="Catalogus plantarum Madagascariensium II. Pragae, 1 - 89." year="1907">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Palacký">Palacky</normalizedToken>
(1907
</bibRefCitation>
: 25);
<bibRefCitation author="Voeltzkow, A" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Ethnopharmacology" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" refId="B54" refString="Voeltzkow, A, 1917. Flora und Fauna der Comoren. In: Voetzkow A (Ed.) Reise in Ostafrika in den Jahren 1903-1905. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse, Stuttgart, Schweizerbart 3: 429-480." title="Flora und Fauna der Comoren. In: Voetzkow A (Ed.) Reise in Ostafrika in den Jahren 1903 - 1905. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse, Stuttgart, Schweizerbart 3: 429 - 480." year="1917">Voeltzkow (1917</bibRefCitation>
: 447);
<bibRefCitation author="Hemsley, WB" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" refId="B24" refString="Hemsley, WB, 1919. Flora of Aldabra: With Notes on the Flora of the Neighbouring Islands. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew) 3: 108-153." title="Flora of Aldabra: With Notes on the Flora of the Neighbouring Islands. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew) 3: 108 - 153." year="1919">Hemsley (1919</bibRefCitation>
: 148);
<bibRefCitation author="Pax, FA" journalOrPublisher="Linnaea" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" refId="B43" refString="Pax, FA, Hoffmann, K, 1924. Acalypha. In: Engler A (Ed.) Das Pflanzenreich. IV, 147-16 (heft 85), 1-231." title="Acalypha. In: Engler A (Ed.) Das Pflanzenreich. IV, 147 - 16 (heft 85), 1 - 231." year="1924">Pax and Hoffmann (1924</bibRefCitation>
: 33);
<bibRefCitation author="Leandri, J" journalOrPublisher="Lovell Reeve &amp; Co., London" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" refId="B30" refString="Leandri, J, 1935. Catalogue des Plantes de Madagascar, Euphorbiaceae. Pitot G, Tananarive, 1-51." title="Catalogue des Plantes de Madagascar, Euphorbiaceae. Pitot G, Tananarive, 1 - 51." year="1935">Leandri (1935</bibRefCitation>
: 43);
<bibRefCitation author="Leandri, J" journalOrPublisher="Notululae Systematicae" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" pagination="252 - 290" refId="B31" refString="Leandri, J, 1942. Acalypha. Contribution a l'etude des Euphorbiacees de Madagascar (VI). Notululae Systematicae 10: 252 - 290" title="Acalypha. Contribution a l'etude des Euphorbiacees de Madagascar (VI)." volume="10" year="1942">Leandri (1942</bibRefCitation>
: 256);
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/4102881" author="Renvoize, SA" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" pagination="133 - 152" refId="B45" refString="Renvoize, SA, 1975. A Floristic Analysis of the Western Indian Ocean Coral Islands. Kew Bulletin 30 (1): 133 - 152, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/4102881" title="A Floristic Analysis of the Western Indian Ocean Coral Islands." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/4102881" volume="30" year="1975">Renvoize (1975</bibRefCitation>
: 152);
<bibRefCitation author="Coode, MJE" editor="Bosser, J" journalOrPublisher="153. Lauracees a 160. Euphorbiacees. The Sugar Industry Research Institute, Mauritius, L'Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique Outre-Mer, Paris, and The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" pagination="68 - 79" refId="B17" refString="Coode, MJE, 1982. Acalypha L. In: Bosser, J, Cadet, T, Gueho, J, Marais, W, Eds., Flore des Mascareignes: La Reunion, Maurice, Rodrigues. 153. Lauracees a 160. Euphorbiacees. The Sugar Industry Research Institute, Mauritius, L'Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique Outre-Mer, Paris, and The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: 68 - 79" title="Acalypha L." volumeTitle="Flore des Mascareignes: La Reunion, Maurice, Rodrigues." year="1982">Coode (1982</bibRefCitation>
: 69, 78);
<bibRefCitation author="Robertson, SA" journalOrPublisher="Part 4. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" refId="B49" refString="Robertson, SA, 1989. Flowering Plants of Seychelles. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 1-343." title="Flowering Plants of Seychelles. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 1 - 343." year="1989">Robertson (1989</bibRefCitation>
: 200);
<bibRefCitation author="Govaerts, R" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" refId="B22" refString="Govaerts, R, Frodin, DG, Radcliffe-Smith, A, 2000. World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 1-1621." title="World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 1 - 1621." year="2000">Govaerts et al. (2000</bibRefCitation>
: 68).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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data/62/EC/15/62EC15CCF71750548C6AE3F726595B43.xml Normal file
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.225.99277" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-225-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="334931832DE7567B9355664883B9D258" ModsDocID="1314-2003-225-1" checkinTime="1682026985745" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pino Infante, Guillermo Eloy, Samain, Marie-Stephanie, Alban Castillo, Joaquina Adelaida &amp; Alomia Collazos, Luis Enrique Aaron" docDate="2023" docId="62EC15CCF71750548C6AE3F726595B43" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 225: 1-40" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 225" docPubDate="2023-04-19" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.225.99277" docTitle="Peperomia sagasteguii Pino, Samain &amp; L. E. Alomia 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="334931832DE7567B9355664883B9D258" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="334931832DE7567B9355664883B9D258" masterDocTitle="Species of Peperomia (Piperaceae) from the Sana River Valley, Peru" masterLastPageNumber="40" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1682027289675" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Species of Peperomia (Piperaceae) from the Sana River Valley, Peru</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Pino Infante, Guillermo Eloy</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Museo de Historia Natural, Av. Arenales 1256, Jesus Maria, Lima 15072, Peru &amp; Sociedad Peruana de Cactaceas y Suculentas, Av. 6 de Agosto 1146, Jesus Maria, Lima 15072, Peru</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">guillermo.pino@unmsm.edu.pe</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Samain, Marie-Stephanie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Instituto de Ecologia, A. C., Centro Regional del Bajio, Red de Diversidad Biologica del Occidente Mexicano, Av. Lazaro Cardenas 253, 61600 Patzcuaro, Michoacan, Mexico</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Alban Castillo, Joaquina Adelaida</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Museo de Historia Natural, Av. Arenales 1256, Jesus Maria, Lima 15072, Peru</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Alomia Collazos, Luis Enrique Aaron</mods:namePart>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:62EC15CCF71750548C6AE3F726595B43" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/62EC15CCF71750548C6AE3F726595B43" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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14.
<taxonomicName LSID="62EC15CC-F717-5054-8C6A-E3F726595B43" authority="Pino, Samain &amp; L. E. Alomía" authorityName="Pino, Samain &amp; L. E. Alomia" authorityYear="2023" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Peperomia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Peperomia sagasteguii" order="Piperales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sagasteguii" status="sp. nov.">
Peperomia sagasteguii Pino, Samain &amp; L.E.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Alomía">Alomia</normalizedToken>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Peperomia sagasteguii Pino, Samain &amp; L. E. Alomia, sp. nov. A plant in habitat in the dry period B plant ex situ in anthesis C plant in habitat with inflorescences D detail of the leaves E comparison of P. sagasteguii and P. trinervis at the beginning of anthesis F detail of immature spadix G mature spadix showing long pedicels and fruits. (Details: Above, mature fruit; Below, fruit standing on long pedicel)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.225.99277.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/839980" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 9A-G</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1986-03-16" collectorName="M. O. Dillon, A. Sagastegui" country="Peru" county="Santa Cruz" elevation="1353" latitude="-6.854944" location="Monteseco" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-79.10922" municipality="Catache" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cajamarca" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectingCountry name="Peru">Peru</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
, dept.
<collectingRegion country="Peru" name="Cajamarca">Cajamarca</collectingRegion>
, prov.
<collectingCounty>Santa Cruz</collectingCounty>
, dist.
<collectingMunicipality>Catache</collectingMunicipality>
:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:62EC15CCF71750548C6AE3F726595B43:EECBE7711B221A87316678F6C0B281B8" country="Peru" county="Santa Cruz" latitude="-6.854944" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-79.10922" municipality="Catache" name="Monteseco" stateProvince="Cajamarca">Monteseco</location>
, 1
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:62EC15CCF71750548C6AE3F726595B43:183E30A22834C60B53A646BF3288A146" country="Peru" county="Santa Cruz" latitude="-6.854944" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-79.10922" municipality="Catache" name="Km" stateProvince="Cajamarca">Km</location>
above, on the path to
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:62EC15CCF71750548C6AE3F726595B43:CA0249CFD72037E6C1CDA84264CB95B4" country="Peru" county="Santa Cruz" latitude="-6.854944" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-79.10922" municipality="Catache" name="Chorro Blanco" stateProvince="Cajamarca">Chorro Blanco</location>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.353" unit="m" value="1353.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.353" unit="m" value="1353.0">1353 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, [
<geoCoordinate degrees="06" direction="south" minutes="51" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="17.8" value="-6.854944">06°51'17.8&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="06" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="33.2" value="-79.10922">79°06'33.2&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
],
<collectingDate value="1986-03-16">16 Mar 1986</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectorName>M.O. Dillon</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName>
A.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sagástegui">Sagastegui</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
4315a
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
: F [1978653]!)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.225.99277.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/839980" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pino, Samain &amp; L. E. Alomia" authorityYear="2023" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Peperomia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Peperomia sagasteguii" order="Piperales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sagasteguii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peperomia sagasteguii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Pino, Samain &amp; L.E.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Alomía">Alomia</normalizedToken>
, sp. nov.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
plant in habitat in the dry period
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
plant
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ex situ</emphasis>
in anthesis
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
plant in habitat with inflorescences
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
detail of the leaves
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
comparison of
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. sagasteguii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sagasteguii">P. sagasteguii</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. trinervis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="trinervis">P. trinervis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
at the beginning of anthesis
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
detail of immature spadix
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
mature spadix showing long pedicels and fruits. (Details: Above, mature fruit; Below, fruit standing on long pedicel).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Perennial, semi-succulent, terrestrial, epiphytic, or saxicolous herb similar to
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. trinervis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="trinervis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. trinervis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, differs in stems more pubescent, dark red to olive green instead of bright red, leaves with a longer and wider petiole (7-17 long
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.8-2 wide compared to 3-10 long
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.2-1.5 wide), lamina more succulent, green adaxially and light green-pinkish abaxially instead of olive green with gray nerves adaxially and red-purple abaxially; spadices longer (4-20 cm compared to 10 cm long), but narrower.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Perennial, semi-succulent, terrestrial, epiphytic, or saxicolous
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">herb</emphasis>
, living in the shade of other plants, 10-30 cm tall, up to 45 cm tall when flowering. Roots fibrous, around 1 mm diam., transparent-reddish, 2-6 cm long, emerging from basal nodes and stolons.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stem</emphasis>
stoloniferous at the base, then assurgent, thicker below, straight erect, terete, dark red to olive green, 0.4-0.6 cm diam. at the base, gradually tapering to 1.4-1.6 mm at the apex, readily branched alternately, internodes 2.5-3 cm at the base gradually descending to 0.8-1 cm towards the apex, surface crisp-pubescent, trichomes whitish, around 0.5 mm long at base, slightly shorter upwards.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Branches</emphasis>
5-9, irregularly alternate, sometimes pseudo-opposite below, emerging almost horizontally mainly from the distal half, 7-15 cm long in the vegetative state.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaves</emphasis>
alternate, elliptic, elliptic obovate to subrotundate; petiole terete, same surface and color as stem, 0.7-1.7 cm long, 1.8-2 mm wide, slightly channeled above; lamina slightly convex to flat, 2.5-4 cm long, 1-2 mm thick, 1.6-2.8 cm wide, apex acute to attenuately subacuminate, base cuneate to sub truncate; adaxially bright glossy green, convex, 3-palmatinerved, nerves depressed; margin entire; abaxially pale green to pinkish, 3-palmatinerved, nerves elevated. Young leaves can be pinkish adaxially. Both sides are puberulous.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Inflorescence</emphasis>
terminal in an umbel of 1-3 spadices and sometimes 1-2 individual spadices from upper leaf nodes, umbel with 1-3 basal bracts at the base and lateral spadices with opposite bracts at base similar to leaves but much smaller;
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">peduncle</emphasis>
terete, light green, 4-6 mm long, 1.2-1.8 mm diam.;
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">rachis</emphasis>
4-15 (-20) cm long, 1.5-1.7 mm diam., light green.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Floral bracts</emphasis>
broadly oval to round, light green, flat, almost inconspicuous, 0.35-0.45
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.30-0.40 mm.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stamens</emphasis>
, filaments short, anthers white ovoid, 0.3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.4 mm.
<taxonomicName genus="Fruita" lsidName="Fruita" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fruita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
globose berry, borne on a 1-1.5 mm long, 0.25-0.3 mm diam. narrow-conical transparent pedicel; 0.7-0.8 mm long, 0.6-0.7 mm diam., brown, covered in white 0.05 mm long whitish papillae up to distal third of fruit, style conical, light brown, 0.15-0.2 mm long, 0.20-0.25 mm diam.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Plants have only been found from 1200 to 1500 m of the middle course of the
<normalizedToken originalValue="Saña">Sana</normalizedToken>
River valley, in the remnants of montane forest, epiphytic or on rocks, always in shaded places.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pino, Samain &amp; L. E. Alomia" authorityYear="2023" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Peperomia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Peperomia sagasteguii" order="Piperales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sagasteguii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peperomia sagasteguii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is endemic to the
<normalizedToken originalValue="Saña">Sana</normalizedToken>
River valley.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="phenology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Inflorescences appear from October to November; fruits ripen from January to March.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
This species is dedicated to Abundio
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sagástegui">Sagastegui</normalizedToken>
(1932-2012), collector of the type, a notable botanist, who worked at both Universidad Nacional de Trujillo and Universidad Privada Antonio Orrego, author of many books and articles, director of the journals &quot;Bulletin of the Society of Botany of the UNT&quot; and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Arnaldoa" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Arnaldoa" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Arnaldoa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, author of four genera and 97 species (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v19i2.831" author="Rodriguez, E" journalOrPublisher="Revista Peruana De Biologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="127 - 134" refId="B22" refString="Rodriguez, E, Leon, B, 2012. A la memoria del doctor Abundio Sagastegui Alva. (1932-2012). Revista Peruana De Biologia 19 (2): 127 - 134, DOI: https://doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v19i2.831" title="A la memoria del doctor Abundio Sagastegui Alva. (1932 - 2012)." url="https://doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v19i2.831" volume="19" year="2012">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rodríguez">Rodriguez</normalizedToken>
and
<normalizedToken originalValue="León">Leon</normalizedToken>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Most collections were determined initially as
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. trinervis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="trinervis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. trinervis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ruiz &amp; Pav., a species that seems to be very close, (see Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="T4" captionText="Table 4. Comparison of the main differences between P. sagasteguii and P. trinervis. Data of P. trinervis taken from Trelease and Yuncker (1950) and from live cultivated plants." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3C3CB9E35529115176D773D1C60F4EEC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="3C3CB9E35529115176D773D1C60F4EEC">4</tableCitation>
). The main differences are stem color, which is dull dark red and greenish in
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. sagasteguii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sagasteguii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. sagasteguii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
compared to the bright red of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. trinervis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="trinervis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. trinervis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The indumentum of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. sagasteguii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sagasteguii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. sagasteguii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seems to be denser and longer, like that of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. rotundata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rotundata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. rotundata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Leaf petioles of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. trinervis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="trinervis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. trinervis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are shorter and of similar color to its stems. The leaf color of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. sagasteguii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sagasteguii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. sagasteguii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is bright green adaxially with depressed nerves, while
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. trinervis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="trinervis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. trinervis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a high color contrast between the dark olive green and the bright silver gray of the nerves. Abaxially leaf color of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. sagasteguii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sagasteguii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. sagasteguii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is light green, while
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. trinervis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="trinervis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. trinervis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is dark red with light green nerves.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pino, Samain &amp; L. E. Alomia" authorityYear="2023" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Peperomia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Peperomia sagasteguii" order="Piperales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sagasteguii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peperomia sagasteguii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has thicker, more succulent leaves. Finally, spadices of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. sagasteguii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sagasteguii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. sagasteguii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are much longer. The type collection was determined initially as
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. blanda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="blanda">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. blanda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Jacq.) Kunth, which bears no similarity and later it was determined as
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. rotundata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rotundata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. rotundata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kunth by R. Callejas, but this sample lacks the constant decussate leaves and inflorescences characteristic of that species. Some branches and leaves can be pseudo-opposite by shortening of the stem, leading to this confusion.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="3C3CB9E35529115176D773D1C60F4EEC" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3C3CB9E35529115176D773D1C60F4EEC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Table 4" startId="T4">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Table 4.</emphasis>
Comparison of the main differences between
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. sagasteguii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sagasteguii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. sagasteguii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. trinervis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="trinervis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. trinervis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Data of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. trinervis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="trinervis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. trinervis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
taken from
<bibRefCitation author="Trelease, W" journalOrPublisher="University of Illinois Press, Urbana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="442 - 837" refId="B35" refString="Trelease, W, Yuncker, T, 1950. The Piperaceae of Northern South America. University of Illinois Press, Urbana 2: 442 - 837" title="The Piperaceae of Northern South America." volume="2" year="1950">Trelease and Yuncker (1950)</bibRefCitation>
and from live cultivated plants.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Features</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. sagasteguii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sagasteguii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. sagasteguii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. trinervis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="trinervis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. trinervis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Height (cm)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">10-30 (-45)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">20-25 or more</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Internodes (in cm)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.5-3 below, 0.8-1 above</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2-3 below, 1 above</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Stem (in mm)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">4-6 diam. at the base, gradually tapering to 1.4-1.6</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">4-6 diam. at the base, gradually tapering to 1.5-2</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Stem (color)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Dull dark red to olive green</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Bright dark red</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Leaf (petiole in mm)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">7-17 long, 1.8-2 wide</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">3-10 long, 1.2-1.5 wide</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Leaf (shape)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Elliptic, elliptic obovate to subrotundate.</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Elliptic, elliptic obovate or elliptic obovate.</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Leaf (measure)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.5-4 cm long, 1-2 mm thick, 1.6-2.8 cm wide</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2-3.5 cm long, less than 1 mm thick, 1.2-2.5 cm wide.</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Leaf (color)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Adaxially bright glossy green, abaxially pale green to pinkish. Young leaves can be pinkish adaxially</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Adaxially dark olive green with nerves in gray, abaxially bright dark red, nerves in light green. Young leaves can be purplish</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Inflorescence</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Terminal in an umbel of 1-3 spadices and sometimes 1-2 individual spadices from upper leaf nodes</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Terminal and from the upper nodes.</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Rachis of the spadix</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">4-15 (-20) cm long, 1.5-1.7 mm diam.</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">10 cm long, 1.8-2 mm diam.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
This species belongs to
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Peperomia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Peperomia (Micropiper) subsp. subg." order="Piperales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Micropiper">Peperomia subg. Micropiper</taxonomicName>
(Miq.) Miq. (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.12705/643.4" author="Frenzke, L" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="424 - 444" refId="B10" refString="Frenzke, L, Scheiris, E, Pino, G, Symmank, L, Goetghebeur, P, Neinhuis, C, Wanke, S, Samain, MS, 2015. A revised infrageneric classification of the genus Peperomia Ruiz &amp; Pav. (Piperaceae). Taxon 64 (3): 424 - 444, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12705/643.4" title="A revised infrageneric classification of the genus Peperomia Ruiz &amp; Pav. (Piperaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.12705/643.4" volume="64" year="2015">Frenzke et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Additional specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="USM 90066" collectingDate="1986-03-22" collectingDateMax="2023-02-10" collectingDateMin="1986-03-22" collectorName="S. Leyva, Prov., La Florida, Buenos Aires, de Guaba, S. Llatas Quiroz, R. Palacios, Road, Monteseco, G. Pino, L. E. Alomia, Niepos, Monte Seco, Naranjo, G. Mathieu, L. Symmank, Same" country="Peru" county="Catache" elevation="1500" latitude="-6.890278" location="Bosque Monteseco" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-79.11583" municipality="Alrededor" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cajamarca">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectingCountry name="Peru">Peru</collectingCountry>
, dept.
<collectingRegion country="Peru" name="Cajamarca">Cajamarca</collectingRegion>
, prov.
<collectingRegion country="Peru" name="Santa Cruz">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
, dist.
<collectingCounty>Catache</collectingCounty>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingMunicipality>Alrededor</collectingMunicipality>
de campamento,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:62EC15CCF71750548C6AE3F726595B43:7110CFD5C38BB7B6EC467D9ECD3342F8" country="Peru" county="Catache" latitude="-6.890278" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-79.11583" municipality="Alrededor" name="Bosque Monteseco" stateProvince="Cajamarca">Bosque Monteseco</location>
, borde de trocha sobre troncos secos [Around the campsite, Monteseco Forest, border of track, on dry logs]
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="m" value="1500.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, [
<geoCoordinate degrees="06" direction="south" minutes="50" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="58.6" value="-6.8496113">06°50'58.6&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="05" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="53.7" value="-79.09825">79°05'53.7&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
],
<collectingDate value="1989-01-20">20 Jan 1989</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectorName>S. Leyva</collectorName>
G. 015
</emphasis>
(F 2016269,
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/USM90066">USM 90066</accessionNumber>
)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectorName>Prov.</collectorName>
<collectingRegion country="Peru" name="San Miguel">San Miguel</collectingRegion>
, dist.
<collectorName>La Florida</collectorName>
</emphasis>
:
<collectorName>Buenos Aires</collectorName>
,
<collectorName>La Florida</collectorName>
, sobre troncos
<collectorName>de Guaba</collectorName>
[on trunks of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Inga" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Inga" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Inga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.]
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="1000.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, [
<geoCoordinate degrees="06" direction="south" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="27.3" value="-6.87425">06°52'27.3&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="07" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="10" value="-79.119446">79°07'10&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
],
<collectingDate value="1986-03-22">22 Mar 1986</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectorName>S. Llatas Quiroz</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName>R. Palacios</collectorName>
1822
</emphasis>
(F 1963941).
<collectorName>Road</collectorName>
from
<collectorName>La Florida</collectorName>
to
<collectorName>Monteseco</collectorName>
, just before entering the reserved zone,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.531" unit="m" value="1531.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.531" unit="m" value="1531.0">1531 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="6" direction="south" minutes="51" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="00.7" value="-6.8501945">6°51'00.7&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="05" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="58.2" value="-79.0995">79°05'58.2&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingDate value="2023-02-10">10 Feb 2023</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectorName>G. Pino</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName>
L.E.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Alomía">Alomia</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
3831
</emphasis>
(USM 333270).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
dist.
<collectorName>Niepos</collectorName>
</emphasis>
:
<collectorName>Road</collectorName>
from
<collectorName>La Florida</collectorName>
to
<collectorName>Monte Seco</collectorName>
(
<collectorName>Naranjo</collectorName>
),
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" unit="km" value="5.8">5.8 km</quantity>
from
<collectorName>La Florida</collectorName>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.395" unit="m" value="1395.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.395" unit="m" value="1395.0">1395 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="06" direction="south" minutes="53" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="25.5" value="-6.8904166">06°53'25.5&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="06" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="57.3" value="-79.11591">79°06'57.3&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingDate value="2009-03-01">1 Mar 2009</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectorName>G. Mathieu</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName>L. Symmank</collectorName>
163
</emphasis>
(USM);
<collectorName>Road</collectorName>
from
<collectorName>La Florida</collectorName>
to
<collectorName>Niepos</collectorName>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.297" unit="m" value="1297.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.297" unit="m" value="1297.0">1297 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="06" direction="south" minutes="53" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="06.9" value="-6.88525">06°53'06.9&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="06" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="47.6" value="-79.11322">79°06'47.6&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingDate value="2022-08-28">28 Aug 2022</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectorName>G. Pino</collectorName>
et al. 3641
</emphasis>
(USM 333268);
<collectorName>Same</collectorName>
road,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.393" unit="m" value="1393.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.393" unit="m" value="1393.0">1393 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="06" direction="south" minutes="53" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="25" value="-6.890278">06°53'25&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="06" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="57" value="-79.11583">79°06'57&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingDate value="2022-08-28">28 Aug 2022</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectorName>G. Pino</collectorName>
et al. 3644
</emphasis>
(USM 333269)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

92
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<taxonomicName id="93664EEA73FCAF2C273AB84D708305F2" ID-CoL="78DR2" authority="Roelofs, 1873" authorityName="Roelofs" authorityYear="1873" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Pseudocneorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudocneorhinus obesus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obesus">Pseudocneorhinus obesus Roelofs, 1873</taxonomicName>
Figs 25, 26, 46
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0BCBB1AED6E0F5D10544EA075C5138C4" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="D848E0BA232FDDB8FA9881C6AA5FBC01" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
<taxonomicName id="DD6E6817C43DBF0FCDC8249328F7DB9A" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Pseudocneorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudocneorhinus obesus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obesus">Pseudocneorhinus obesus</taxonomicName>
Roelofs, 1873: 177 (original description);
<bibRefCitation id="23A775AE7861BD0025F70CF69AD04476" author="Marshall, GAK" journalOrPublisher="Arkiv foer Zoologi" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 18" title="Schwedisch-chinesische wissenschaftliche Expedition nach den nordwestlichen Provinzes Chinas, unter Leitung von Dr. Sven Hedin und Prof. Sue Ping-Chang." volume="27" year="1934">Marshall 1934</bibRefCitation>
: 9 (note);
<bibRefCitation id="5EC65A735A6E57A19BF8890AF59A360E" author="Voss, E" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Blaetter" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" pagination="21 - 55" title="Ueber einige in Fukien (China) gesammelten Ruessler, V, nebst einer neuen Gattung und Art aus Yunnan (Col., Curc)." volume="51" year="1956">Voss 1956</bibRefCitation>
: 24 (note);
<bibRefCitation id="45D7C34B96CF38B6B22A6F7AD8C6949F" author="Alonso-Zarazaga, MA" journalOrPublisher="Entomopraxis, Barcelona SCP" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" title="A world catalogue of families and genera of Curculionoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) (excluding Scolytidae and Platypodidae)." year="1999">Alonso-Zarazaga and Lyal 1999</bibRefCitation>
: 183 (catalogue);
<bibRefCitation id="327E4C29599D359158D442652832A2E3" author="Han, K" journalOrPublisher="Korean Journal of Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" pagination="33 - 41" title="Taxonomy of the genus Pseudocneorhinus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) of South Korea." volume="30" year="2000">Han et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
: 34 (Korean fauna);
<bibRefCitation id="6FF9AE943D4F50ADAF471588204EF805" author="Borovec, R" journalOrPublisher="Klapalekiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 97" title="Revision of the Palaearctic supraspecific taxa of the tribe Trachyphloeini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae)." volume="45" year="2009">Borovec 2009</bibRefCitation>
: 76 (check-list);
<bibRefCitation id="4399B7744D4C9104E1A536ACF12051B6" author="Borovec, R" journalOrPublisher="Leiden, Brill" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" title="Trachyphloeini, p. 414 - 422. In: LOEBL I. and SMETANA A. (Eds): Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 8. Curculionoidea 2." year="2013">Borovec 2013</bibRefCitation>
: 418 (catalogue);
<bibRefCitation id="3816946D15A0A53542091A1F66F06695" author="Morimoto, K" journalOrPublisher="Fukuoka, Touka Shobo" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" title="Curculionidae: Entiminae (Part 2) (Coleoptera). The Insects of Japan, Volume 4." year="2015">Morimoto et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
: 331 (Japanese fauna);
<bibRefCitation id="2CCE61B550DECB613E139431519451CB" author="Alonso-Zarazaga, MA" journalOrPublisher="Entomopraxis, Barcelona SCP" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" url="http://sea-entomologia.org/monoelec.html" year="2017">Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
: 403 (catalogue).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E9DD21710519B6D211DDA8B49B6470FC" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="type material">
<paragraph id="3A27859A210E6C6B5949797C40CFCD6E" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Type material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CC3C355FEA684ECFE0C31CE99996697C" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
This species was described from &quot;Quelques individus. Nagasaki&quot;. There is one well preserved, 5.25 mm long, probably female specimen in
<normalizedToken id="4756978DDF25B6843DCEB3FC4BD8B49C" originalValue="Marshall’s">Marshall's</normalizedToken>
collection (BMNH) below the name
<taxonomicName id="5B237711CE30D35856566574A4A70B48" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Pseudocneorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudocneorhinus obesus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obesus">Pseudocneorhinus obesus</taxonomicName>
, labeled as follows: Type H. T. [printed, circular label with red margin] / Japan G. Lewis 1910-320. [printed].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="03160F534F39E24402F657333C697500" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="07969BBB396E4D829C20F7AE4BE2AAEC" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Other material. JAPAN; 2 ♀♀; G. Lewis leg.; BMNH; 1 ♀; Honshu, Akira Mt., Fyokai-San; 1 Jun. 1972; Takizava leg.; MMTI.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

149
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<title id="13775834FD45475913EAEED8831DAC44" pageId="null" pageNumber="230">
<subSubSection id="A5F30D8F07F337CF8A3EB365EAD8AC53" pageId="null" pageNumber="230" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="5A9079F8A4EC2E0BEA65E6D08A6A9EC9" pageId="null" pageNumber="230">
<taxonomicName id="98EF0BC2AB933D4E622235D04E7B35F3" authority="Vahl" authorityName="Vahl" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Orobanchaceae" genus="Pedicularis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="null" pageNumber="230" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oederi">
Pedicularis
<normalizedToken id="291D96E5AA455EA5C1CCA9AB35C1D733" originalValue="Oedéri" pageId="null" pageNumber="230">Oederi</normalizedToken>
Vahl
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<subSubSection id="257B81CD0C63DC9EED44AC7845D9F2D4" pageId="null" pageNumber="230" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="4936B6C813EC0830CB0DC90F988751B9" pageId="null" pageNumber="230">
(
<taxonomicName id="4A470FC388A80A34251C546E48F5B17F" authority="Wahlenb." authorityName="Wahlenb." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Orobanchaceae" genus="Pedicularis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="null" pageNumber="230" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="versicolor">
<emphasis id="2113443C8417E13F160D6493A1D2C7D9" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="230">P. versicolor</emphasis>
Wahlenb.
</taxonomicName>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7B2EBB7AAEA01FAE6CE637106E5F4E44" pageId="null" pageNumber="230" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="19C9077897BBCA34E8A56FDCB9D50761" pageId="null" pageNumber="230">
Buntes
<normalizedToken id="87D5372B900FCB404C16671D99ACC783" originalValue="Läusekraut" pageId="null" pageNumber="230">Laeusekraut</normalizedToken>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</title>
<subSubSection id="66F5A0F491C0CC0A11D912F1D8A76A47" pageId="null" pageNumber="230" type="description">
<paragraph id="8DA8406E5060E81BF784F87A79C44747" pageId="null" pageNumber="230">
Ausdauernd;
<emphasis id="545F44F97F4A9CA1AE3DF5A81357283B" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="230">4</emphasis>
-
<emphasis id="BA5CF898BA5488E0BE50A38FF404FB1A" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="230">12 cm hoch</emphasis>
. Stengel aufrecht, 4zeilig behaart oder kahl.
<normalizedToken id="7E90B91642191192128B873BDC577B06" originalValue="Blätter" pageId="null" pageNumber="230">Blaetter</normalizedToken>
kahl, bis auf den Mittelnerv fiederteilig, die
<normalizedToken id="E3DB5783EA52BD10AF714551D92FD325" originalValue="größeren" pageId="null" pageNumber="230">groesseren</normalizedToken>
3-8 cm lang;
<emphasis id="9B59D4762DFA2A83D17892FD743CCEA6" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="230">
Abschnitte breit oval, fein
<normalizedToken id="3AA819B65A3ADA880D02ACE8013C818F" originalValue="gezähnt" pageId="null" pageNumber="230">gezaehnt</normalizedToken>
;
</emphasis>
Blattstiel kahl.
<normalizedToken id="B751041D264B9C0011B0B33D47CE762E" originalValue="Blätter" pageId="null" pageNumber="230">Blaetter</normalizedToken>
im
<normalizedToken id="9BB7CAF2DBDA53F7623D68002AED5322" originalValue="Blütenstand" pageId="null" pageNumber="230">Bluetenstand</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="0D479401689703D9A911733C38749E73" originalValue="kürzer" pageId="null" pageNumber="230">kuerzer</normalizedToken>
als die
<normalizedToken id="46B9CE234EF3656451297EBB3C45BA30" originalValue="Blüten" pageId="null" pageNumber="230">Blueten</normalizedToken>
, am Rande behaart.
<normalizedToken id="DCA8BE1571443007B212315C0BE97771" originalValue="Blüten" pageId="null" pageNumber="230">Blueten</normalizedToken>
in einem meist kurzen, dichten
<normalizedToken id="FDD783B71FCB1FAC6D035043C0C9A4C7" originalValue="Blütenstand" pageId="null" pageNumber="230">Bluetenstand</normalizedToken>
, nicht abgedreht. Kelch 8-12 mm lang, am Grunde etwas abgerundet, nur bis auf etwa
<normalizedToken id="E3D6C02AA752210B9065125F804FCD7C" originalValue="¾" pageId="null" pageNumber="230">3/4</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="D3ECEF54DB5F9C0DB650010CC29BF71B" originalValue="unregelmäßig" pageId="null" pageNumber="230">unregelmaessig</normalizedToken>
5teilig,
<emphasis id="637879BFBC35B0DD99C496D9C1918B32" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="230">mit ganzrandigen Zipfeln</emphasis>
, am Rande und
<emphasis id="2E287DF5661F60AF8DAF2BA95B68C33D" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="230">
<normalizedToken id="CFBA52ACECBB0757D7FEA3BC3D16DD31" originalValue="außen" pageId="null" pageNumber="230">aussen</normalizedToken>
mit 1
</emphasis>
-
<emphasis id="BE2ACD71A2433F363257C5569A241715" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="230">2 mm langen Haaren</emphasis>
. Krone 18-30 mm lang, hellgelb,
<emphasis id="94806BB5900B4526992B0F1010D3F095" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="230">mit purpurnen Flecken beiderseits der Oberlippenspitze;</emphasis>
Oberlippe vorn etwas spitz, ohne
<normalizedToken id="7994965692B33655214A67179AA4799A" originalValue="Zähne" pageId="null" pageNumber="230">Zaehne</normalizedToken>
; Unterlippe kahl, abstehend, etwa so lang wie die Oberlippe. Die 2
<normalizedToken id="91935A05A1BA0E44C31F01C892A28530" originalValue="längeren" pageId="null" pageNumber="230">laengeren</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="D40B193B47821F64EA416C88EC037058" originalValue="Staubfäden" pageId="null" pageNumber="230">Staubfaeden</normalizedToken>
behaart.
<emphasis id="33BFEE8733E9DCEC1F08BFBFACFCCC92" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="230">Frucht etwa doppelt so lang wie der Kelch</emphasis>
. Samen 1,8-2,5 mm lang. -
<normalizedToken id="C0ADB06A20FF30FC4F439948A2E3A632" originalValue="Blüte" pageId="null" pageNumber="230">Bluete</normalizedToken>
: Sommer.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4FE0CA21F68A461A1249A6D70DF94ED0" pageId="null" pageNumber="230">
<emphasis id="400366EF36599F99C3FC360BB4788C6A" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="230">Zytologische Angaben. 2n</emphasis>
=
<emphasis id="24E8BFDF40A2988C7981764065B2CE08" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="230">16:</emphasis>
Material aus Skandinavien (Knaben aus
<normalizedToken id="7F57B610ECD4E53BA1BAD65277738EEE" originalValue="Löve" pageId="null" pageNumber="230">Loeve</normalizedToken>
und
<normalizedToken id="29DE45F448B37F4A9ACA2EDF30E861B7" originalValue="Löve" pageId="null" pageNumber="230">Loeve</normalizedToken>
1948), aus Tirol (Mattick in Tischler 1950), aus dem Nordosten der UdSSR (Zhukova 1967), aus Kanada (Taylor und Mulligan 1968), aus Alaska (Johnson und Packer 1968).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE8ECA240C99790DA52C37C367B634E9" pageId="null" pageNumber="230">
<emphasis id="8CC476A7793090AC642D1DD6CD0D42CA" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="230">Standort</emphasis>
. Alpin, selten subalpin. Feuchte, steinige, kalkreiche
<normalizedToken id="F16EEFD2E01200148ACAEC2689E3C699" originalValue="Böden" pageId="null" pageNumber="230">Boeden</normalizedToken>
. Rasen,
<normalizedToken id="877C62220E05F2E96B45E239D29A016F" originalValue="Zwergstrauchgebüsche" pageId="null" pageNumber="230">Zwergstrauchgebuesche</normalizedToken>
.
<emphasis id="91570AB02ADF3FDCDEF5BF0D0BBF5162" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="230">Caricetum firmae</emphasis>
Br.-Bl. 1926.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EF9EB22568367F2A631C7EE3F2B51DB7" pageId="null" pageNumber="230">
<emphasis id="D476364A05615C2956D00812FE602334" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="230">Verbreitung. Arktisch-alpine Pflanze:</emphasis>
Arktische Gebiete von Europa (ohne Island), Asien und Alaska; Alpen, Karpaten, Gebirge der Balkanhalbinsel, Ural, zentralasiatische Gebirge. Verbreitungskarte (in den Alpen) von
<normalizedToken id="A63EE09DC48F0C1CFD3AC967D5363BF0" originalValue="Merxmüller" pageId="null" pageNumber="230">Merxmueller</normalizedToken>
(1952). - Im Gebiet: Nordalpen (Waadt bis Vorarlberg), Zentralalpen (Mont Cenis [nach Fournier 1946], Ischaalp bei Davos),
<normalizedToken id="5F65F289E9D128B746C35AC8473E1621" originalValue="Südalpen" pageId="null" pageNumber="230">Suedalpen</normalizedToken>
(Monte Generoso, oberes Val Brembana, Val Camonica); nicht
<normalizedToken id="CCAF82204270C90F6AE4C733B3F56DC9" originalValue="häufig" pageId="null" pageNumber="230">haeufig</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

68
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@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3917850" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164808308" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3917850" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E7723E05-8E1D-4959-937B-29D1476233A1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/62ECAC063AFF4FF27F3F4DF8B985B765" lastPageNumber="738" pageNumber="738" sourcePageUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/727649">
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E7723E05-8E1D-4959-937B-29D1476233A1" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Buccinum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="persicum" status="spec. nov." zbkClass="Vermes" zbkKingdom="Animalia" zbkOrder="Testacea">Buccinum persicum</taxonomicName>
[
<taxonomicNameLabel rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection type="description">
<paragraph pageNumber="738">B. testa scabra, labro crenulato, columella plana.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="738">
<emphasis italics="true">Grew. mus. t.</emphasis>
9.
<emphasis italics="true">f.</emphasis>
5, 6.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="738">
<emphasis italics="true">Rumph. mus. t.</emphasis>
27.
<emphasis italics="true">f. E.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="738">
<emphasis italics="true">Gvalt. test. t.</emphasis>
51.
<emphasis italics="true">f. L.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="738">
<emphasis italics="true">Argenv. conch. t.</emphasis>
20.
<emphasis italics="true">f. E.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection type="distribution">
<paragraph pageNumber="738">
<emphasis italics="true">Habitat in</emphasis>
O. Asiatico.
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257
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<mods:title>Larvae and pupae of two North American darkling beetles (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae, Stenochiinae), Glyptotus cribratus LeConte and Cibdelis blaschkei Mannerheim, with notes on ecological and behavioural similarities</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number>415</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
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<mods:start>311</mods:start>
<mods:end>327</mods:end>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="311">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Glyptotus_cribratus" authority="LeConte" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Glyptotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Glyptotus cribratus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cribratus">Glyptotus cribratus LeConte</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="312" pageId="0" pageNumber="311" type="background">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="311">Background.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="311">
A single larva from southern Florida, USA, presumed to be
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Glyptotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Glyptotus cribratus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cribratus">Glyptotus cribratus</taxonomicName>
, was reported by
<bibRefCitation author="St. George, RA" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="13" pageNumber="324" pagination="1 - 22" title="Studies on the larvae on North American beetles of the subfamily Tenebrioninae with a description of the larva and pupa of Merinus laevis (Olivier)." url="10.5479/si.00963801.65-2514.1" volume="65" year="1924">St. George (1924)</bibRefCitation>
, who provided some key characters though the
<normalizedToken originalValue="specimen’s">specimen's</normalizedToken>
identity has remained uncertain. New associated adult and larval material, including one larva reared to an adult and another providing the first known pupal specimen (described herein), shows that the larva from St.
<normalizedToken originalValue="George’s">George's</normalizedToken>
account was not that of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Glyptotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Glyptotus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Glyptotus</taxonomicName>
, as discussed below. The specimen, presumably in USNM, could not be located.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="312" pageId="0" pageNumber="311">
Three mature larvae, found in wood products from Mexico, 1982-84, were identified as &quot;
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Glyptotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Glyptotus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="312" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<pageBreakToken pageId="1" pageNumber="312" start="start">Glyptotus</pageBreakToken>
</taxonomicName>
sp.&quot; by T. J. Spilman, but it is uncertain what material he used to make this determination; these larvae are considered in the present study to be
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Glyptotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Glyptotus cribratus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="312" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cribratus">Glyptotus cribratus</taxonomicName>
, identical to specimens from USA; the species is known from southern Texas and thus its occurrence in north-eastern Mexico is feasible.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="314" pageId="1" pageNumber="312" type="description of mature larva">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="312">Description of mature larva.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="312">(Figs 1, 3-5, 9-12).</paragraph>
<caption pageId="1" pageNumber="312">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="312">
Figures 1-8. Mature larva of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Glyptotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Glyptotus cribratus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="312" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cribratus">Glyptotus cribratus</taxonomicName>
, lateral view, length 22 mm (1), mature larva of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Cibdelis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cibdelis blaschkei" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="312" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blaschkei">Cibdelis blaschkei</taxonomicName>
lateral view, length 25 mm (2),
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Glyptotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Glyptotus cribratus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="312" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cribratus">Glyptotus cribratus</taxonomicName>
larva, mandibles, ventral view, length 0.9-1.0 mm (3), epipharyngeal sclerome, length 0.4 mm (4), epipharynx, width 0.8 mm (5),
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Cibdelis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cibdelis blaschkei" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="312" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blaschkei">Cibdelis blaschkei</taxonomicName>
larva, mandibles, ventral view, length 0.7-0.8 mm (6), epipharyngeal sclerome, length 0.3 mm (7), epipharynx, width 0.7 mm (8).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="1" pageNumber="312">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="312">
Figures 9-16. Abdominal apices of mature larvae of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Glyptotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Glyptotus cribratus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="312" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cribratus">Glyptotus cribratus</taxonomicName>
(9-12), dorsal (9) and lateral (10) view, urogomphi at rest, dorsal (11) and lateral (12) view, urogomphi raised, and abdominal apices of mature larvae of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Cibdelis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cibdelis blaschkei" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="312" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blaschkei">Cibdelis blaschkei</taxonomicName>
(13-16), dorsal (13) and lateral (14) view, urogomphi at rest, dorsal (15) and lateral (16) view, urogomphi raised. Maximum widths of abdominal segments 3.3-3.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="312">Body. Length 23-30 mm; elongate-cylindrical, pale yellowish-white with light brown dorsal bands at posterior edges of terga and anterior edge of prothoracic tergum; mandible apices and bases, claws of tarsunguli, and apices of urogomphi and associated processes blackish to brown, heavily sclerotized; cuticle otherwise lightly sclerotized, surfaces shining, finely rugose, with scattered fine setae; abdominal tergum VIII slightly darker yellow-brown with scattered large circular punctures.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="312">
Head. Prognathous, head slightly declined, globular but slightly flattened dorsoventrally. Head capsule width 3.4-3.5 mm. Epicranial stem about one fifth head capsule length; frontal arms widely V-shaped, fine and obscure. Each half of head capsule with 10-13 scattered, long erect setae positioned dorsally and laterally. Stemmata five on each side closely posterior to antenna base, variably pigmented; anterior row of three closely spaced and usually darker than offset pair behind them. Clypeus convex, transverse, weakly trapezoidal, about two times wider than long, with one long seta on each side of disc and three smaller setae at lateral edges. Labrum transverse, convex, with two long discal setae, two anterior setae near midline, and four smaller, fine setae along each side of anterior edge. Epipharynx with three relatively stout setae along each side of anterior margin and two very short, stout medial spines, the pair slightly offset to left; with a cluster of 8-9 small round sensory papillae anterior to spines; tormae slightly asymmetrical. Antenna three segmented with membranous base globular, wider than long; first segment longest, cylindrical, wider toward apex, 2.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than wide; second segment ovoid, two thirds as long as first, 2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than wide, with apical sensoria flat, kidney-shaped, partly encircling base of third segment; third segment very small, cylindrical, 1.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than wide, with a single fine seta apically. Mandibles asymmetrical, apices tridentate, left mandible with a fourth feeble tooth dorsally along sharp incisor edge; left mola concave, with a prominent premolar tooth and three transverse, sclerotized ridges; right mola convex, with a transverse fossa surrounded by irregularly prominent ridges. Ligula with four fine apical setae; prementum, mentum, submentum each with a pair of long setae near base. Hypopharyngeal sclerome well developed, tridentate, with smooth concavity in middle; median tooth carinate, with Y-shaped arms to prominent, conical, lateral teeth; basal transverse ridge asymmetrical.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="312">Thorax. Prothorax as long as wide; meso- and metathorax wider than long; terga with 9-12 fine setae on each side, more closely spaced laterally. Mesothoracic spiracle simple, ovate, slightly larger and narrower than abdominal spiracles; metathoracic spiracle visible, very small, nearly circular. Prothoracic leg slightly larger than mid- and hindlegs; all legs with trochanter elongated, with anterior and posterior rows of setae on ridges; femur and tibia bearing scattered, shorter setae; tarsungulus with two pre-basal setae; claw simple, sharp, curved apically, two thirds the length of tarsungulus.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="314" pageId="1" pageNumber="312">
Abdomen. Abdominal segments I-VII similar, nearly as long as wide, gradually slightly wider posteriorly; terga with sparse setae as on thoracic terga; spiracles annular,
<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="313" start="start">broadly</pageBreakToken>
ovate; sterna on each side with an anterior group of 4-5 setae of varying sizes and a pair of setae posteriorly. Tergum VII with a field of circular, deep punctures across anterior two thirds of middle. Tergum VIII as long as wide, abruptly narrowing posteriorly, with an extensive field of large, deep, circular punctures across anterior half and expanding on sides and dorsally with 7-8 scattered fine setae on each side; sloped posterior bearing two somewhat sclerotized, umbonate bullae on each side, large lateral one with a long seta arising from anterior of base of umbo; small umbo posterior to larger one and closer to midline, connected to larger by a feeble ridge, the four bullae forming a trapezoidal arrangement in posterior view, immediately anterior to a broad membranous apical area which opposes a similar dorsal membrane at anterior of tergum IX. Tergum IX short, about two thirds the width of tergum VIII and hinged to it, allowing curved urogomphi to come forward to oppose and contact bullae of tergum VIII; lateral hinge joint with a sclerotized, tooth-like, anterior process; urogomphi long, gradually tapered, divergent and curved dorsally with sharp apices pointing anteriorly, nearly round in cross-section, darkly sclerotized in apical half, each with three other sclerotized, tooth-like projections near base, as follows: large
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="314" start="start">lateral</pageBreakToken>
claw-like process with apex pointed upward, forward and angled laterally, with a single dorsal seta below apex; small dorsal cone-like process bearing a single seta near apex; smaller, mesal, short, pointed to button-like process closely opposing other on opposite urogomphus. Other setae on tergum IX long, scattered; urogomphus with three setae on ventral (posterior) side; hinge process with a single seta near base; lateral and ventral surface with 7-8 scattered setae. Abdominal segment X small, ventral, transverse, semi-circular, convex, 3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
wider than long, with a row of six fine setae across width; pygopods absent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="316" pageId="3" pageNumber="314" type="description of pupa">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="314">Description of pupa.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="314">(Figs 17-20, 25, 27).</paragraph>
<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="314">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="314">
Figures 17-20. Pupa of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Glyptotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Glyptotus cribratus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="314" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cribratus">Glyptotus cribratus</taxonomicName>
, dorsal view (17) and ventral view (18), pronotum, dorsolateral view (19), abdominal apex and urogomphi, dorsal view (20). Length of pupa 15.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="314">Body. Length (from anterior edge of pronotum to tips of urogomphi) 15.1 mm, width of pronotum 3.9 mm; body color white with brownish surface setae, apices of urogomphi and spines on lateral processes; body very sparsely setose except pronotum with numerous fine discal and marginal setae, more dense anteriorly. Lateral processes of middle abdominal segments well developed, wing-like, bearing anterior and posterior smooth teeth and two smaller setigerous lateral spines between them; urogomphi long, smooth, gradually tapered to divergent, upturned apices.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="314">Head. Hypognathous; surface smooth but with transverse wrinkles across frons; projection above antennal insertion rounded, not prominent; a few fine setae on frons, near eye, on clypeus and labrum; single seta on left mandible, near middle on outer curve; row of four setae on right mandible, from base to near middle on outer curve; single very small seta on outer edge of maxillary palpus, at base of last segment.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="314">
Thorax. Pronotum broadly shield-shaped, slightly wider than long, smooth with subtle transverse wrinkles; anterior angles and apex broadly rounded, posterior margin narrowly sinuate with posterior angles slightly pointed posteriorly. Pronotal surfaces with many short, fine setae except anterior margin and part of disc bare and setae more sparse in posterior part of disc; setae most closely spaced along margin of anterior angle, with some setae 2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than adjacent ones, fine and often curved; hypomeron smooth, with a few widely spaced fine setae; meso- and metatergite transverse, smooth, with very few fine setae; mesonotum produced and elevated posteriorly at middle (scutellar umbo); metanotum about 2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer mesonotum, nearly 2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than abdominal tergite 1. Elytral sheath smooth with broad, shallow wrinkles; metathoracic wing sheath slightly shorter apically; meso- and metaventrite smooth. Legs and tarsi smooth, with a few scattered fine setae; femora with 5-7 setae from mid-length to near apex; tibiae with 3-5 setae along mid-length; protarsi with 3-4 setae on apical tarsomeres ventrally and laterally; apical tarsomeres of meso-and metatarsi with 1-2 setae laterally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="316" pageId="3" pageNumber="314">
Abdomen. All surfaces smooth, bearing scattered fine setae; spiracles annular, vertically ovate to reniform, barely pigmented, visible on segments 2-6. Tergite 1 short, with five discal setae on each side, lateral process with single small posterior tooth and two small lateral spines with a wide, U-shaped emargination between them; smallest spine near base of tooth and bearing an apical seta, largest (anterior) sharply pointed, with a sub-apical seta. Tergites 2-5 of similar form, quadrate, transverse, with 4-5 discal setae on each side; lateral processes each with anterior and slightly smaller posterior
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="315" start="start">teeth</pageBreakToken>
, stout but pointed at sclerotized, curved apices; lateral spines with sharp, sclerotized tips; larger of lateral spines near midpoint between teeth, bearing a sub-apical seta on posterior side, smaller spine arising from mid-length of posterior tooth, bearing a sub-apical seta on anterior side. Ventrites 2-6 smooth, convex, with 4-7 small fine setae on each side. Lateral process of tergite 6 with posterior tooth absent, both spines with sub-apical seta on posterior side. Tergite 7 narrower than preceding tergites, with four small fine setae on each side, with lateral process positioned and directed ventrally, not in same plane as preceding processes, anterior tooth reduced to a rounded lobe and posterior tooth absent, two posteriorly curved spines with sub-apical setae on posterior sides; sternite 7 roughly semicircular, transversely rugose apically, with three small discal setae on each side, the pair of larger setae along apical margin, with two smaller ones between them. Tergite 8 narrower than tergite 7, narrowing to broadly rounded apex, with lateral process reduced to a narrow ridge with two posteriorly curved spines only, posterior spine very reduced; spines with sub-apical setae on posterior sides; sternite 8 semicircular, with three small discal setae on each side, posterior most pair at sides of a transverse, raised area near apex. Tergite 9 short, bearing large divergent urogomphi, each gradually tapered and more sclerotized toward upturned, very sharp apices; cleft between urogomphi V-shaped with a narrowly rounded apex; base of uro
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="316" start="start">gomphus</pageBreakToken>
laterally with a single small, tooth-like protuberance, not heavily sclerotized, with a fine seta on mesal side near base; other long fine setae present on side of base of urogomphus and ventrolateral side of urogomphus to about mid-length, the latter arising from small protuberances. Genital segment (female pupa) roughly trapezoidal, smooth, with two divergent, protruding papillae bearing a single small seta laterally, papillae with a shallow V-shaped emargination between them.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="317" pageId="5" pageNumber="316" type="glyptotus cribratus larval, pupal and reared adult material examined">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="316">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Glyptotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Glyptotus cribratus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="316" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cribratus">Glyptotus cribratus</taxonomicName>
larval, pupal and reared adult material examined.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="317" pageId="5" pageNumber="316">
Specimens collected in USA. &quot;FLORIDA: Highlands Co., Archbold Biol. Sta., S of Lake Placid, S. side of Lake Annie,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="27.209723">27°12'35&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-81.35">81°21'W</geoCoordinate>
, 19 April 2003 / In soft rotten dry wood of low dead branch on live Quercus virginiana; W. E. Steiner, J. M. Swearingen et al. collectors&quot; (3 L); Same data except &quot;Reared from larva; emerged October 2003, larval exuvia not recovered&quot; (1 A); &quot;FLORIDA: Highlands Co., Archbold Biol. Sta., S. of Lake Placid, forest tract, NE part,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="27.2">27°12'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-81.333336">81°20'W</geoCoordinate>
, 19 April 2003 / W. E. Steiner &amp; J. M. Swearingen collectors / In pithy rotten wood of dead standing oak branch, mixed scrub forest burned ca 1 year ago&quot; (2 L); &quot;FLORIDA: Highlands Co., Archbold Biol. Sta., S. of Lake Placid, hill area E of Station,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="27.183332">27°11'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-81.34167">81°20'30&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
/ 31 December 2006, W. E. Steiner, J. M. Swearingen, A. W. &amp; B. B. Norden, collectors / In dry rotten wood of recently fallen dead branch of live oak&quot; (1 L); &quot;FLORIDA: Highlands Co., 2 km N. Cornwell at Kissimmee River, 1 March 1984 / In rotting wood of log of live oak / W. E. Steiner, A. G. Gerberich, J. E. Lowry collectors&quot; (1 L); &quot;GEORGIA: Camden County, Little Cumberland Island,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="30.966667">30°58'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-81.416664">81°25'W</geoCoordinate>
, 30 November 1997 / In dry soft rotten wood of hanging branch
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus virginiana" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="317" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="317" start="start">Quercus</pageBreakToken>
virginiana
</taxonomicName>
in maritime forest / W. E. Steiner, J. M. Swearingen, W. A. Dix, C. Wells collectors&quot; (1 L); same data except &quot;25 November 1998 / In dry soft rotten wood of dead branch in canopy of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus virginiana" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="317" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">Quercus virginiana</taxonomicName>
in maritime forest&quot; (2 L); same data except &quot;In pithy rotten wood of dead branch recently fallen from live oak,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus virginiana" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="317" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">Quercus virginiana</taxonomicName>
&quot; (1 L); same data except &quot;28 November 1998 / Associated with adult
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Glyptotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Glyptotus cribratus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="317" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cribratus">Glyptotus cribratus</taxonomicName>
in dry soft rotten wood of small low branch on live
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus virginiana" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="317" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">Quercus virginiana</taxonomicName>
in maritime forest&quot; (1 L); &quot;NORTH CAROLINA: Dare County, Kill Devil Hills,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="35.9925">35°59'33&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-75.65305">75°39'11&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 23 February 2007, coll. W. E. Steiner &amp; J. M. Swearingen / In dry rotten wood of recently fallen dead branch of s. red oak (
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus falcata" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="317" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="falcata">Quercus falcata</taxonomicName>
)&quot; (1 L); same data except &quot;Reared from larva in dry rotten wood of recently fallen dead branch of s. red oak (
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus falcata" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="317" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="falcata">Quercus falcata</taxonomicName>
); pupated 25 April, preserved 1 May 2007&quot; (1 P with larval exuvia); &quot;SOUTH CAROLINA: Dillon Co.; Fork; Little Pee Dee S.P., sand area,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="34.319443">34°19'10&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-79.284996">79°17'06&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 16 April 2012 / In dry soft rotten wood of dead branch of live
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus laevis" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="317" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laevis">Quercus laevis</taxonomicName>
in open pine-oak sand scrub; colls. J. C. Ciegler, W. E. Steiner, J. M. Swearingen&quot; (1 L); &quot;SOUTH CAROLINA: Georgetown County; Huntington Beach, near Murrells Inlet,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="33.514168">33°30'51&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-79.052505">79°03'09&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 15 April 2012 / In dry soft rotten wood of dead lower branch
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus virginiana" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="317" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">Quercus virginiana</taxonomicName>
in maritime forest; colls. J. C. Ciegler, W. E. Steiner, J. M. Swearingen&quot; (1 L); &quot;TEXAS: Comal County, Espinazo del Diablo, 9 km SW Wimberley,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="29.925">29°55'30&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-98.15139">98°09'05&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 17 November 2013 / In dry pithy wood of recently fallen branch of living
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus virginiana subsp. fusiformis" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="317" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="virginiana" subSpecies="fusiformis">Quercus virginiana fusiformis</taxonomicName>
/ Colls. W. E. Steiner, J. M. Swearingen, J. R. Ott, E. Silverfine&quot; (1 L); &quot;TEXAS: Hays County, Driftwood, at Dutchman Vineyards,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="30.1025">30°06'09&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-98.01417">98°0'51&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 15 November 2013 / In dry pithy wood of dead low branches on large living
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus virginiana subsp. fusiformis" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="317" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="virginiana" subSpecies="fusiformis">Quercus virginiana fusiformis</taxonomicName>
/ Colls. W. E. Steiner, J. M. Swearingen, J. R. Ott, E. Silverfine&quot; (4 L); &quot;TEXAS: Hays County, Freeman Ranch, NW of San Marcos,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="29.939722">29°56'23&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-98.01222">98°0'44&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 15 November 2013 / In dry pithy wood of dead low branch on large living
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus virginiana subsp. fusiformis" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="317" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="virginiana" subSpecies="fusiformis">Quercus virginiana fusiformis</taxonomicName>
/ Colls. W. E. Steiner, J. M. Swearingen, J. R. Ott, E. Silverfine&quot; (1 L); same data except second label &quot;In dry pithy wood of recently fallen branch of large living
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus virginiana subsp. fusiformis" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="317" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="virginiana" subSpecies="fusiformis">Quercus virginiana fusiformis</taxonomicName>
&quot; (1 L); &quot;TEXAS: Hays County, Rutherford Ranch area NW of Kyle; oak grove near pond,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="30.046944">30°02'49&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-97.96555">97°57'56&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 16 November 2013 / In dry pithy wood of recently fallen branch of large living
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus virginiana subsp. fusiformis" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="317" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="virginiana" subSpecies="fusiformis">Quercus virginiana fusiformis</taxonomicName>
/ Colls. W. E. Steiner, J. M. Swearingen, J. R. Ott, E. Silverfine&quot; (1 L); same data except &quot;(Preserved 11 Dec. 2013) / In dry pithy wood of dead low branch on large living
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus virginiana subsp. fusiformis" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="317" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="virginiana" subSpecies="fusiformis">Quercus virginiana fusiformis</taxonomicName>
&quot; (2L); &quot;TEXAS: Hays County, Rutherford Ranch area NW of Kyle; near old ranch house ruins,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="30.066668">30°04'0&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-97.94361">97°56'37&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 16 November 2013 / In dry pithy wood of recently fallen branch of large living
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus virginiana subsp. fusiformis" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="317" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="virginiana" subSpecies="fusiformis">Quercus virginiana fusiformis</taxonomicName>
/ Colls. W. E. Steiner, J. M. Swearingen, J. R. Ott, E. Silverfine&quot; (1 L); &quot;TEXAS: San Patricio Co., 12 km NE Sinton, Welder Wildlife Refuge, 8 December 1984, W. Steiner, B. Gill &amp; D. Whitehead collrs. / In rotting wood of log of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cannabaceae" genus="Celtis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Celtis" order="Rosales" pageId="6" pageNumber="317" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Celtis</taxonomicName>
/ larva coll. 8 Dec. 84, pupated 25 Apr. 85, eclosed 14 May 85, preserved 1 June&quot; (1 adult pinned with larval and pupal exuvia); &quot;VIRGINIA: City of Va. Beach, First Landing S. P., beach campground,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="36.923332">36°55.4'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-76.04667">76°2.8'W</geoCoordinate>
, 16 June 2007 / In pithy rotten wood of dead branch recently fallen from live oak,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus virginiana" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="317" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">Quercus virginiana</taxonomicName>
/ W. E. Steiner, J. M. Swearingen et al. collectors&quot; (1 L).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="317">
Specimens intercepted from MEXICO.&quot;
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Glyptotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Glyptotus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="317" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Glyptotus</taxonomicName>
sp. det. T.J. Spilman 1982, ex Mexico, at Hidalgo 4194, in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Prosopis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosopis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="317" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Prosopis</taxonomicName>
sp. stem, at Brownsville, #11491, 22v82, 82-6571&quot; (1 L); &quot;
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Glyptotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Glyptotus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="317" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Glyptotus</taxonomicName>
sp. det. T.J. Spilman 1983, ex Reynosa, Mexico, 8iii83, at Hidalgo 4194, on stem
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Prosopis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Prosopis juliflora" order="Fabales" pageId="6" pageNumber="317" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="juliflora">Prosopis juliflora</taxonomicName>
&quot; (1 L); &quot;
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Glyptotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Glyptotus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="317" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Glyptotus</taxonomicName>
sp. det. T.J. Spilman 1984, ex Mexico, at Laredo, 17843, in rotting log, 4xii83, 84-549&quot; (1 L).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

572
data/62/EC/EB/62ECEB17CDCC53FEABECC5903A3C8613.xml Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,572 @@
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<mods:title id="47BA93CB4F03A0A8361B5F83AD5D3E66">Amanoa condorensis (Phyllanthaceae), a new shrubby species from the Cordillera del Condor in southern Ecuador</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8E4F9BF18967813A29734F66194BFCDB">Clark, John L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DDDF6E56A5CF1883D58AEF3140451AF3">Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, 1534 Mound St., Sarasota, FL 34236, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9854FC90129BD28F8EA2E728E63CF0D0">Neill, David A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B88C3EF273D35C9C0F0A494038A73201">Universidad Estatal Amazonica, Puyo, Pastaza, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="795063F96D21F7C1D995092CB1EDCB9D" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F7391045BB2B756BA6B3159CE403E6BD" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName id="EC962D5B9A5EC98D727E675081BF2B9F" LSID="62ECEB17-CDCC-53FE-ABEC-C5903A3C8613" authority="J. L. Clark &amp; D. A. Neill" authorityName="J. L. Clark &amp; D. A. Neill" authorityYear="2023" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Amanoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Amanoa condorensis" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="condorensis" status="sp. nov.">Amanoa condorensis J.L.Clark &amp; D.A.Neill</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="25FF39450DB81B1AF2A7C67FA59CD796" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EDE265FFD44AE3C0C53D2085D6B46104" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="description">
<paragraph id="ABF6CD9C2B235895F01540C150668EB9" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<figureCitation id="5A46D93FFF90A886E605709D143D98AD" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Amanoa condorensis J. L. Clark &amp; D. A. Neill A-C mature staminate flower featuring prominent sepals, reduced petals, extra-staminal disc and androphore D shoot featuring two-ranked foliage and congested inflorescences. (A-D J. L. Clark, D. A. Neill &amp; J. Mayr 15257). Photos by John L. Clark." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.227.104703.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/858083" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Figs 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="86B38617BC1CE99CBC26A181BEC1459B" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Holotype (ECUAMZ) of Amanoa condorensis J. L. Clark &amp; D. A. Neill." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.227.104703.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/858084" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">, 2</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EC5BEAE8DC5898F190F3CE8279F3D1CB" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="9728D7284A76C514E92B2F6981920C9C" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2156FDAC021CE5E25828BD84B93593B5" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
Amongst the Neotropical species of
<taxonomicName id="FB053FDEDAAE104EA560F5F410626981" authorityName="Aublet" authorityYear="1775" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Amanoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Amanoa" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9517BD4BE580BF791B0B95BF2A3B4E21" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Amanoa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="22729E2C403D1A4A8C3CB0EC894AE3A6" lsidName="A. condorensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="condorensis">
<emphasis id="7041FAC1A9755082654A059743ADCED4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">A. condorensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shares with
<taxonomicName id="B5F142C161156AF7A6A28EB416C63FEB" lsidName="A. almerindae" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="almerindae">
<emphasis id="26C07E7980440E2FAF9E7F6AB71C9F4B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">A. almerindae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Leal. and
<taxonomicName id="F9541B3838FD781236D8F26CA3AFF744" lsidName="A. caribaea" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="caribaea">
<emphasis id="CCB4BE990EB7830E687BFDD5A206C55F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">A. caribaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Krug &amp; Urb. the presence of an androphore, formed from the fusion of the basal filaments. Differs from
<taxonomicName id="C2B494E9FCF2F1A4DB989C33E2A5B78A" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Amanoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Amanoa almerindae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="almerindae">
<emphasis id="94B189784917C532B1840ADC9C394703" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Amanoa almerindae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the densely pubescent and more widely-spaced flowers along an inflorescence axis 5.5-11 cm long in
<taxonomicName id="CB516A5502D756021F265717F860680E" lsidName="A. almerindae" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="almerindae">
<emphasis id="6B83DFBF5362412ADAD21B8F6A068B8C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">A. almerindae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vs. nearly glabrous inflorescence axis to 4.5 cm long in
<taxonomicName id="935A1C29134DA79D8DB8C032D12F2A8A" lsidName="A. condorensis." pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="condorensis.">
<emphasis id="94BC972A19E80F97FE1F5CED447C3866" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">A. condorensis.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Differs from
<taxonomicName id="F2B71341B08D73D748E046CFBB6BBD13" lsidName="A. caribaea" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="caribaea">
<emphasis id="543F864B3EE27BBE76EE99C4C6A14EC3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">A. caribaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of inflorescences in an elongate erect raceme appearing congested throughout vs. inflorescences in elongate erect spikes with evenly-spaced fascicles (i.e. not congested throughout) in
<taxonomicName id="D6D5EBAAD244AAD197F7E58FC6F7BD0C" lsidName="A. caribaea" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="caribaea">
<emphasis id="24C4B94DDD0D3B14B7B6B995FFAC0A4C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">A. caribaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FB692FB39F44D5DAFC0E58742A4000D7" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="AD6C68A3966BC840F588148269B84B15" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<typeStatus id="67502A3887BB6537BA1BD50CDD9C367D">Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F936BCBA6FFC2616ABB05D4404EF4B3E" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<materialsCitation id="D4DF92E951005DF683027BD9C13CE30B" collectingDate="2017-03-10" collectorName="J. L. Clark, J. A. Mayr, D. A. Neill" country="Ecuador" county="Nangaritza Canton" elevation="3" latitude="-4.2631946" location="Cabanas Yankuam" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-78.69114" municipality="Cordillera del Condor" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Zamora-Chinchipe" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="48E3464CAE1990D8479854658EE38400" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<collectingCountry id="B20913AF7F87CA0C0B0FD9701736C0D9" name="Ecuador">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="3A822762C1C3CE7428EAB141ED47FC0D" country="Ecuador" name="Zamora-Chinchipe">Zamora-Chinchipe</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingCounty id="00DCEEEAD2B92C65913C45E82B9B93FD">
Nangaritza
<normalizedToken id="083A6F5CC17FE382C115C2F2E55D658C" originalValue="Cantón">Canton</normalizedToken>
</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="FF8974A4104D54033B396E033E763F04">
Cordillera del
<normalizedToken id="3BB59451F5ACA1FA1FC1EC18C6B12A9F" originalValue="Cóndor">Condor</normalizedToken>
</collectingMunicipality>
, trail west of
<location id="57C1895A8745CE02B7DEEB831F7742D7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:62ECEB17CDCC53FEABECC5903A3C8613:57C1895A8745CE02B7DEEB831F7742D7" country="Ecuador" county="Nangaritza Canton" latitude="-4.2631946" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-78.69114" municipality="Cordillera del Condor" name="Cabanas Yankuam" stateProvince="Zamora-Chinchipe">
<normalizedToken id="D4B7459970B5427A54B915E199E023E1" originalValue="Cabañas">Cabanas</normalizedToken>
Yankuam
</location>
in conservation area that is owned/operated by ATASMO (
<location id="735C9C01297408330BD1166F0C69BAE4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:62ECEB17CDCC53FEABECC5903A3C8613:735C9C01297408330BD1166F0C69BAE4" country="Ecuador" county="Nangaritza Canton" latitude="-4.2631946" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-78.69114" municipality="Cordillera del Condor" name="Asociacion de Trabajadores Autonomos San Miguel" stateProvince="Zamora-Chinchipe">
<normalizedToken id="3A8F4D135048FE0B0091471F9571C065" originalValue="Asociación">Asociacion</normalizedToken>
de Trabajadores
<normalizedToken id="FE18778118D44C96AE9AF81FBA74E2D4" originalValue="Autónomos">Autonomos</normalizedToken>
San Miguel
</location>
de las
<normalizedToken id="57F33B9FE1DE4FA39823D2086EB61202" originalValue="Orquídeas">
<location id="22C7320988F1465613406CB8FBC707FC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:62ECEB17CDCC53FEABECC5903A3C8613:22C7320988F1465613406CB8FBC707FC" country="Ecuador" county="Nangaritza Canton" latitude="-4.2631946" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-78.69114" municipality="Cordillera del Condor" name="Orquideas" stateProvince="Zamora-Chinchipe">Orquideas</location>
</normalizedToken>
).
<location id="A1888F78194A13DFEA7BE466A626E0BE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:62ECEB17CDCC53FEABECC5903A3C8613:A1888F78194A13DFEA7BE466A626E0BE" country="Ecuador" county="Nangaritza Canton" latitude="-4.2631946" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-78.69114" municipality="Cordillera del Condor" name="Forested" stateProvince="Zamora-Chinchipe">Forested</location>
tepui (sandstone plateau).
<location id="5CC50D9CCCBE03420B6BE27C2A3099DD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:62ECEB17CDCC53FEABECC5903A3C8613:5CC50D9CCCBE03420B6BE27C2A3099DD" country="Ecuador" county="Nangaritza Canton" latitude="-4.2631946" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-78.69114" municipality="Cordillera del Condor" name="Summit" stateProvince="Zamora-Chinchipe">Summit</location>
ridge and sandstone cliff face.
<location id="447A19F77C14FB88FDEF2A0C3E5983CB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:62ECEB17CDCC53FEABECC5903A3C8613:447A19F77C14FB88FDEF2A0C3E5983CB" country="Ecuador" county="Nangaritza Canton" latitude="-4.2631946" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-78.69114" municipality="Cordillera del Condor" name="Low" stateProvince="Zamora-Chinchipe">Low</location>
scrub and elfin forest, canopy mostly
<quantity id="61B21B8FDAE68E3701D9E71227793C98" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="m" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">
<elevation id="58F693A52CD989AC2A59319BDD623A1C" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="m" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2-3 m</elevation>
</quantity>
tall, occasional emergent trees to
<quantity id="4B50B7FCEECBEEE602319CE1CC149392" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="m" value="5.0">
<elevation id="F37FC82DD0100309CA19EC43C887B2DD" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E645386A061B4D01B8E54CB01048B006" degrees="4" direction="south" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="47.5" value="-4.2631946">4°15'47.5&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="F7C2E8023D769CDE0A5203D28621BC3B" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="41" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="28.1" value="-78.69114">78°41'28.1&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="BDFF56B393F068528269AC4101CC72B1" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8399999999999999" unit="m" value="1840.0">
<elevation id="E71063C9B567DFB50731BDA545CA8D2D" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8399999999999999" unit="m" value="1840.0">1840 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elev.,
<collectingDate id="FF67A848FC97A8F9A4D0842213CBB04E" value="2017-03-10">10 Mar 2017</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis id="FC4E919E6720CD3E19B77453E90E9003" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<collectorName id="45023698D9BF2516EE71713993DEF809">J.L. Clark</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="28520707AC3FCED371B7EA8A88F0F8F3">J.A. Mayr</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="A74FDD0CB1006517E4814102607C0F93">D.A. Neill</collectorName>
15257
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="A22F00A1B34C223F8B3D1AD2F731028A">holotype</typeStatus>
: ECUAMZ [08582]; isotypes: SEL [120063], US)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E0A169DB22F00FE5359F9C35F72D37CE" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="description">
<paragraph id="11952A4ACE33C554BCE13FC6DF117BD8" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E3B3D709EC76A6F8A35748DFE6003E49" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
Tree, 4 m tall.
<emphasis id="A62E784515858B1B81AEB2650850A2CA" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Leaves</emphasis>
1.2-2.5
<normalizedToken id="8CDA31398752E635AC052C3A24ECA7C8" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3-4.5 cm, oblong to ovate, coriaceous, glabrous, secondary venation suppressed adaxially when live and becoming prominent when dry, abaxial secondary venation prominent when live and dry, sparsely pubescent on abaxial and adaxial surface, blade flat, base narrowly cuneate to acute, apex acute; petiole 4-8 mm long, slender, black, rugose, sparsely pilose, sometimes appearing sessile from the intrapetiolar stipule; stipules conspicuous, to 0.5 mm long, triangular and glabrous.
<emphasis id="B9BED434AE0E1C7672677F3F2AF59E33" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Inflorescence</emphasis>
terminal or lateral, to 4.5 cm long, in congested erect elongate raceme-like inflorescences derived from reduced cymules, the primary inflorescence branch dark black, nearly glabrous to sparsely pubescent with short curved trichomes of 3-5 cells, each flower or pair of flowers subtended by a prominent brown triangular bracteole, 2-3 mm long and glabrous.
<emphasis id="5C67277B6994BF32F40525F37C424F78" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Staminate flowers</emphasis>
actinomorphic, 5-merous, 6.5-7.5 mm in diam. during anthesis, on short pedicels and appearing sessile; sepals 3.0-3.5
<normalizedToken id="7B4B7AD55D3EA51AC872D043CBF85C96" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.5-2.0 mm, broadly ovate, glabrous, white; petals ca. 1
<normalizedToken id="F51452A1747A474728173F70235B2A67" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.5 mm, reniform, margins entire, glabrous; androecium surrounded by a prominent hypogynous extra-staminal disc, stamens fused at base, forming a short androphore, filaments 1.5-2 mm long, anthers 1-2 mm long, dehiscing longitudinally; pistillode ca. 2.5 mm long with trilobed apex, mature gynoecium or pistillate flowers not observed. Fruits not observed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="51CEF4F88294B058F331D6B5CFECAD93" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="phenology">
<paragraph id="7F3C5D402B873D39D51119C900F67486" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BDCF3B5BA6FB7FB7822DA639A3963F1E" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Mature male flowers were observed in March.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E072F3039DC0490B9DD9AD9577C0D10C" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="AFEFE22262B0B0BD0CB5D27F335869DA" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6A79B3AEA30DA3E0A59DDF319245561C" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
The specific epithet is derived from the Cordillera del
<normalizedToken id="8E9681B5F82F4A093F156EEEE06C6615" originalValue="Cóndor">Condor</normalizedToken>
mountain range in southern Ecuador where this species is presumably endemic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A277A23F86F9798D86D9198D045F00C8" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="3951887394D5AF6A8EEEB0C25FA9C299" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Distribution and associated vegetation.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="424E9B596BAAB95C3BBF62FF929CB9BA" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName id="147C06BD27337F1321693D880E8D736F" authorityName="J. L. Clark &amp; D. A. Neill" authorityYear="2023" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Amanoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Amanoa condorensis" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="condorensis">
<emphasis id="50D3316811EA5FA61DE623BA4F6A4826" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Amanoa condorensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is only known from the type collection. It is presumed endemic to the Cordillera del
<normalizedToken id="3CB5A6E28D445126A76DB209C4F61A39" originalValue="Condór">Condor</normalizedToken>
from where it was collected during a collaborative field course in 2017 with the Lawrenceville School (Lawrenceville, NJ, USA) and the Universidad Estatal
<normalizedToken id="71DBD899E6159F3547C65407654B2304" originalValue="Amazónica">Amazonica</normalizedToken>
(Puyo, Ecuador). The type locality is situated at the summit ridge of a sloping plateau (1840 m elevation) west of the upper Nangaritza River, with nutrient-poor soil derived from the Cretaceous
<normalizedToken id="69755B9FEE0966C992C9359B60FA46CC" originalValue="Hollín">Hollin</normalizedToken>
sandstone formation. The vegetation at the site is a low, dense scrub, dominated by shrubs and low trees 3-5 m high. These environments in the Cordillera del
<normalizedToken id="F8D6DE9D09E9F93B98649C023EA58B3C" originalValue="Cóndor">Condor</normalizedToken>
and other mountain ranges east of the main Andean chain in Ecuador and Peru have been referred to as &quot;Andean tepuis&quot; in recognition of the similarity in vegetation and some phytogeographic connections with the low-nutrient sandstone tepuis of the Guiana Shield Region (
<bibRefCitation id="273332A08CA5402DF9EE443DD14F231C" author="Neill, DA" editor="Pitman, N" journalOrPublisher="Rapid Biological and Social Inventories Report 26. The Field Museum, Chicago" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="98 - 119" refId="B8" refString="Neill, DA, Rios Paredes, M, Torres Montenengro, LA, Mori, Vargas TJ, Vriesendorp, C, 2014. Vegetacion y Flora/Vegetation and flora. In: Pitman, N, Vriesendorp, C, Alvira, D, Markel, JA, Johnston, M, Ruelas Inzunza, E, Lancha Pizango, A, Sarmiento Valenzuela, G, Alvarez-Loayza, P, Homan, J, Wachter, T, del Campo, A, Stotz, DF, Heilpern, S, Eds., Peru: Cordillera Escalera-Loreto. Rapid Biological and Social Inventories Report 26. The Field Museum, Chicago: 98 - 119" title="Vegetacion y Flora / Vegetation and flora." volumeTitle="Peru: Cordillera Escalera-Loreto." year="2014">Neill et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="75CD62AD6D94E7FDAE552827A36B10E5" author="Neill, DA" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B7" refString="Neill, DA, 2018. Flora y vegetacio n de los &quot;Tepuyes Andinos&quot;: Endemismo, diversidad y conexiones fitogeograficas con el Escudo Guyanes. Memorias del XII Congreso Latinoamericano de Botanica, Quito, Ecuador, 17-18." title="Flora y vegetacio n de los &quot; Tepuyes Andinos &quot;: Endemismo, diversidad y conexiones fitogeograficas con el Escudo Guyanes. Memorias del XII Congreso Latinoamericano de Botanica, Quito, Ecuador, 17 - 18." year="2018">Neill 2018</bibRefCitation>
). Associated plants at the collection site include the local endemic
<taxonomicName id="9D55C32C5A35EADD72CC6CD0751950DD" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Blakea" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Blakea nangaritzana" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nangaritzana">
<emphasis id="66568B4D9894F6F032FD5F45232CE82E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Blakea nangaritzana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
D.
<normalizedToken id="F99DDA1E43B571F575F0835D2D8ADEDB" originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
, C.Ulloa &amp; Penneys (
<taxonomicName id="9DD8DD9FFB4DE472EEA12FCD0A1EECC9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Melastomataceae</taxonomicName>
) as well as other species that are common in Andean tepui elfin forest vegetation at 1500-2000 m elevation, including
<taxonomicName id="62F00590F7D2D341000978F5B8EEA294" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Godoya" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Godoya obovata" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obovata">
<emphasis id="C5B6FA1FD1093853EC905BB009634903" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Godoya obovata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ruiz &amp; Pav. (
<taxonomicName id="7C53F7E3AFCD8F325CFCDF0F25789354" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ochnaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Ochnaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="B9CD7E2219809D8010F101F21C718F3E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Pentaphylacaceae" genus="Ternstroemia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ternstroemia circumscissilis" order="Ericales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="circumscissilis">
<emphasis id="1291885919BDA83965AD44EB8A86E2E0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Ternstroemia circumscissilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kobuski (
<taxonomicName id="EB8D65FC700E8E77C40D61E57D310C68" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Pentaphylacaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Ericales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Pentaphylacaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="4CD97F1BDA04D42EC8F1DDE6BF1F1C17" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gentianaceae" genus="Macrocarpaea" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Macrocarpaea innarrabilis" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="innarrabilis">
<emphasis id="DA87F92E01549B2D41C2608DA8ED8031" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Macrocarpaea innarrabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
J.R.Grant (
<taxonomicName id="0D1BCF95E068418BF5F6F87D17597C16" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gentianaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Gentianaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="026E15931833511419DB0D17202B962A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gentianaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. ericii" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ericii">
<emphasis id="5C641CB8C3D7951332BD67C2041397C3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">M. ericii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
J.R.Grant (
<taxonomicName id="20222B03A14A9B4D1F45C21EF96FCB9F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gentianaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Gentianaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="D2DFF66F175584B6AD873E44260CCF70" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Primulaceae" genus="Cybianthus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cybianthus magnus" order="Ericales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="magnus">
<emphasis id="72660BAEF320C5833F793D052645F265" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Cybianthus magnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Mez) Pipoly (
<taxonomicName id="E351424A421E23A3489CF9B7F00A0DA7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Primulaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Ericales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Primulaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="F79D1A4B3C42AE7A9D466E32DA0632D5" class="Pinopsida" family="Podocarpaceae" genus="Podocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Podocarpus tepuiensis" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tepuiensis">
<emphasis id="268EC597A979144FC188289A4BCF3EE0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Podocarpus tepuiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
J.Buchholz &amp; N.E. Gray (
<taxonomicName id="3AF12CADE8646B1AC9B06B2B99FBD2CF" class="Pinopsida" family="Podocarpaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Podocarpaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="19F4236A663718760E256D8046A0F21B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Ladenbergia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ladenbergia franciscana" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="franciscana">
<emphasis id="B80FEC89E570712B514906C9328D775A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Ladenbergia franciscana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
C.M.Taylor (
<taxonomicName id="6201F7C4C9FD23A264950C6EC5DDD1A5" authorityName="Klotzsch" authorityYear="1846" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rubiaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="684EE8B2A25BA9E0090F57BE280ED0AD" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Pteridaceae" genus="Pterozonium" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pterozonium brevifrons" order="Polypodiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brevifrons">
<emphasis id="18C79963EDDF5973175512E4C1013B1F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Pterozonium brevifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(A.C.Sm.) Lellinger (
<taxonomicName id="2D75FB11D9A5516F0069E55B711B850D" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Pteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Polypodiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Pteridaceae</taxonomicName>
) and
<taxonomicName id="B919C09D38F4632225B646CF5D954E48" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Everardia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Everardia montana" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montana">
<emphasis id="29D68398DD26C7203A423A0B93D27FC4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Everardia montana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ridl. (
<taxonomicName id="2879911B44AD47043A48B155F76CA3F8" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cyperaceae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3E40F76FB29CFBD35FB320B5C0C53CBC" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="preliminary assessment of conservation status">
<paragraph id="223B673B535A9693DF59CD824ADF3492" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Preliminary assessment of conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F60A4C173FA23AE2C3FE5B84BF958A9" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
The type locality is located within a community-based protected forest managed by the
<normalizedToken id="24C47F8AC47040C9FDBB54F6C6661B4D" originalValue="Asociación">Asociacion</normalizedToken>
de Trabajadores
<normalizedToken id="94A62B431DFC22863926DE14A03E49E4" originalValue="Autónomos">Autonomos</normalizedToken>
San Miguel de las
<normalizedToken id="9184F0EA5B78016D853996D57ADEC49C" originalValue="Orquídeas">Orquideas</normalizedToken>
(ATASMO) on the remote summit ridge of a sloping Andean tepui at 1840 m elevation, accessible via a 6 km trail from the
<normalizedToken id="25D92789662AA5172D3310960E1282AA" originalValue="Cabañas">Cabanas</normalizedToken>
Yankuam (= Yankuam Lodge) located at 890 m elevation on the banks of the
<normalizedToken id="44544A1D605C69D374566D4E15AB1EC4" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Nangaritza. Yankuam is a family-owned lodge specializing in bird tours and ecotourism. The
<normalizedToken id="2E85FE4E70CF344348A52D1BF12680CB" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Nangaritza is at risk from ongoing illegal mining. Many of the areas visited in 2017 (especially along the
<normalizedToken id="138607CA503C20908078BE86A3FF0D4B" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Nangaritza) have been invaded by illegal mining operations. The forest that corresponds to the only known population of
<taxonomicName id="90D03110A0E15F59439DE5A741C39594" authorityName="J. L. Clark &amp; D. A. Neill" authorityYear="2023" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Amanoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Amanoa condorensis" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="condorensis">
<emphasis id="C625C14C98ADDEF7903172E3728B92AF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Amanoa condorensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is protected by the local community, which was granted this jurisdiction by the Ministry of Environment of Ecuador. Between 2017 and 2019 (three years), annual field courses were run with
<normalizedToken id="BD267D0FFB6344C418127071E8DD5986" originalValue="Cabañas">Cabanas</normalizedToken>
Yankuam and the local community to different sandstone tepuis.
<taxonomicName id="D1B66518C8B6E852676B705F71E510CE" authorityName="J. L. Clark &amp; D. A. Neill" authorityYear="2023" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Amanoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Amanoa condorensis" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="condorensis">
<emphasis id="AC189A33B994F0D7AA58047A9842CA93" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Amanoa condorensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was only observed once throughout three consecutive years of field courses. Following the
<bibRefCitation id="62F5199E6B4381E31A6B16AFC5C22EAD" author="Hoffmann, P" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B5" refString="IUCN (2012) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. (2nd edn.). Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge." year="2006">IUCN (2012)</bibRefCitation>
and guidelines of the
<bibRefCitation id="691F189AD246C6A449D4EFCB9D9E3CC2" author="Hoffmann, P" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" publicationUrl="https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines" refId="B6" refString="2022. . https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines" url="https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines" year="2022">IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee (2022)</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="67A29E9A7B536A939F5FC8AE14A0C974" authorityName="J. L. Clark &amp; D. A. Neill" authorityYear="2023" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Amanoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Amanoa condorensis" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="condorensis">
<emphasis id="072CC5C466B3A3DA21A4345700FC310D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Amanoa condorensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is categorized as Critically Endangered (CR), based on the following criteria: B1, B2 ab (all criteria), area of occupancy (AOO) is calculated at 4 km2 (criterion B2 &lt;10 km2). The species is known only from the type collection; it is hoped that this publication will stimulate more intensive search for additional material near the type locality and on other Andean tepuis in the region, including specimens with pistillate flowers.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5AB7FDB4A1E8DC035FE74ECA144370E7" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="comments">
<paragraph id="18059668B3B930057974CA76899AAD6B" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B415DD6F2D54779E2F8681F1E66AABD" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
Most species of
<taxonomicName id="51ED1EF62C21B29513041CD7454CCCE4" authorityName="Aublet" authorityYear="1775" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Amanoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Amanoa" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FA66742C6F88DC537BB1D615924773B2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Amanoa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are canopy to sub-canopy trees in the lowland tropics. The only other species that is known to occur above 1000 m is
<taxonomicName id="DAFF00F5E8245215FAEF6795B3FED178" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Amanoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Amanoa steyermarkii" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="steyermarkii">
<emphasis id="2D66CD1364BF3523DE9DA5B1FF582DAD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Amanoa steyermarkii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Jabl. in the riparian and tepui forests of the Venezuelan Guayana Region at 1500-2100 m elevation (
<bibRefCitation id="7C7840BB0E2FEEDAE65775CF79A213AE" author="Hayden, WJ" editor="Berry, PE" journalOrPublisher="5) Eriocaulaceae-Lentibulariaceae. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. St. Louis, Missouri" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="95 - 99" refId="B3" refString="Hayden, WJ, 1999. Amanoa. In: Berry, PE, Yatskievych, K, Holst, BK, Eds., Flora of the Venezuela Guyana (Vol. 5) Eriocaulaceae-Lentibulariaceae. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. St. Louis, Missouri: 95 - 99" title="Amanoa." volumeTitle="Flora of the Venezuela Guyana (Vol." year="1999">Hayden 1999</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="9FC7A98CEA8C177C10E8ECCD6010C8C1" authorityName="J. L. Clark &amp; D. A. Neill" authorityYear="2023" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Amanoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Amanoa condorensis" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="condorensis">
<emphasis id="F8A27C321D82A521AEAF3CD0F34B9EEE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Amanoa condorensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was collected above 1800 m.
<taxonomicName id="434AB132298DAA8ACD5C5A004714889A" authorityName="J. L. Clark &amp; D. A. Neill" authorityYear="2023" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Amanoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Amanoa condorensis" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="condorensis">
<emphasis id="1D1936157FFB05638B013EC6ADDFECB5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Amanoa condorensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="7FCED4D124E3F512E2D723A2E5608A68" lsidName="A. steyermarkii" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="steyermarkii">
<emphasis id="B26E526924DDE564159D503A1BDB5BDF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">A. steyermarkii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its sessile staminate flowers (vs. pedicellate flowers in
<taxonomicName id="9B3F5D1E506290D24BEA2AF235928560" lsidName="A. steyermarkii" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="steyermarkii">
<emphasis id="9CF19AD5987DCB5D968DC213E987AE21" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">A. steyermarkii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and its congested inflorescence (vs. the relatively lax inflorescence in
<taxonomicName id="51A15D252E11EA755A14A0F6B7A13600" lsidName="A. steyermarkii" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="steyermarkii">
<emphasis id="E2459A1CC5561347E5DAA0C0360E5707" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">A. steyermarkii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). It also differs in its shrubby habit (vs. trees in
<taxonomicName id="80641CC6738304E78BB0571F51D6C484" lsidName="A. steyermarkii" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="steyermarkii">
<emphasis id="9D69805F702421F256345A9B77388E24" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">A. steyermarkii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BFC15061C8FB89113C9C3F45C2216246" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName id="1B01282A5D0C34A885A6A8C3DBA68BB6" authorityName="J. L. Clark &amp; D. A. Neill" authorityYear="2023" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Amanoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Amanoa condorensis" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="condorensis">
<emphasis id="3EA4EC3EE4364DA79EDB08E836C84C55" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Amanoa condorensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from most other congeners in its relatively small height of 4 m. Most other
<taxonomicName id="52A38E1687B66D641B532615DD96333F" authorityName="Aublet" authorityYear="1775" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Amanoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Amanoa" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E27AE0A360E6021461611E795053047C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Amanoa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species are understory to emergent canopy trees above 12 m tall (e.g.
<taxonomicName id="7343F969ABEEA5C8BDA6684BAF948916" lsidName="A. guianensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="guianensis">
<emphasis id="50DCE460576AF75E442C195C5DB3CB18" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">A. guianensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Aubl. reaches 35 m tall). It is also distinguished by the relatively small, thick and sclerophyllous leaves, characters that are shared by many plants in different genera that occur in the dense scrub vegetation of the Andean tepuis (
<bibRefCitation id="D1BF605945D1751075E46CF909D26C46" author="Neill, DA" editor="Pitman, N" journalOrPublisher="Rapid Biological and Social Inventories Report 26. The Field Museum, Chicago" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="98 - 119" refId="B8" refString="Neill, DA, Rios Paredes, M, Torres Montenengro, LA, Mori, Vargas TJ, Vriesendorp, C, 2014. Vegetacion y Flora/Vegetation and flora. In: Pitman, N, Vriesendorp, C, Alvira, D, Markel, JA, Johnston, M, Ruelas Inzunza, E, Lancha Pizango, A, Sarmiento Valenzuela, G, Alvarez-Loayza, P, Homan, J, Wachter, T, del Campo, A, Stotz, DF, Heilpern, S, Eds., Peru: Cordillera Escalera-Loreto. Rapid Biological and Social Inventories Report 26. The Field Museum, Chicago: 98 - 119" title="Vegetacion y Flora / Vegetation and flora." volumeTitle="Peru: Cordillera Escalera-Loreto." year="2014">Neill et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
) and that may be an adaptation to the nutrient-poor sandy soils of these habitats. The two other
<taxonomicName id="0EF94F56D8FB76241B5C3946E97A6963" authorityName="Aublet" authorityYear="1775" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Amanoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Amanoa" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="08E82EE5629B09E1848D53CA81E6C5C3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Amanoa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species that are recorded as shrubs or small trees include
<taxonomicName id="982FE9CAAB8D6559746818F30AD40118" lsidName="A. cupatensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="cupatensis">
<emphasis id="FB2D8F8E091217639922958BCB0DF0D6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">A. cupatensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Huber and
<taxonomicName id="ABFD63B21A0CFE57FCDC60F9231C8916" lsidName="A. almerindae" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="almerindae">
<emphasis id="451D33C54985609478736AEBE519DEA4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">A. almerindae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; both species are endemic to the white-sand areas of the Rio Orinoco-Casiquiare lowlands and the adjacent
<normalizedToken id="A964A8A6E5957E209FA79ECC5719C6F5" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Negro lowlands in Amazonas State of Venezuela and Amazonas State of Brazil.
<taxonomicName id="8BA4709A4662E47D3FD1E5E8BCA28094" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Amanoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Amanoa cupatensis" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cupatensis">
<emphasis id="552CEDEE3A769D30EFAF6F8A385A1AF3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Amanoa cupatensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a low shrub less than 2 m tall.
<taxonomicName id="4E2E31679B3A3C3FCF548B45EB6F4DB9" authorityName="J. L. Clark &amp; D. A. Neill" authorityYear="2023" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Amanoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Amanoa condorensis" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="condorensis">
<emphasis id="5A9E6A6CBE3F9F2ABEA93ED04DA2049B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Amanoa condorensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="5AA32F68D7F39B34A88A6FB1F3A72966" lsidName="A. cupatensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="cupatensis">
<emphasis id="3771D6519F6769E9F8D4D483C6EA8F41" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">A. cupatensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of an acute leaf apex (vs. rounded to emarginate leaf apex in
<taxonomicName id="D55860D7C801F564EB947789DC864FB1" lsidName="A. cupatensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="cupatensis">
<emphasis id="F65F1DA15EB34F5C91EC2D24B50ADF82" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">A. cupatensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0DF172971648FE0D87A5BF535275E82C" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName id="95886BA55B3A1C1DC43A085A099732A1" authorityName="J. L. Clark &amp; D. A. Neill" authorityYear="2023" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Amanoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Amanoa condorensis" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="condorensis">
<emphasis id="7A35965BAF419BA0D07BD08C08585150" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Amanoa condorensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shares the following characters with other congeners: an extra-staminal disc (Fig.
<figureCitation id="6400D18AEB56CACF5919EE795174060B" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Amanoa condorensis J. L. Clark &amp; D. A. Neill A-C mature staminate flower featuring prominent sepals, reduced petals, extra-staminal disc and androphore D shoot featuring two-ranked foliage and congested inflorescences. (A-D J. L. Clark, D. A. Neill &amp; J. Mayr 15257). Photos by John L. Clark." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.227.104703.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/858083" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">1</figureCitation>
), intrapetiolar stipules, and a showy perianth represented by conspicuous sepals and inconspicuous petals (Fig.
<figureCitation id="8FDED8AB0A59C4DEF5C552F5A65AD21A" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Amanoa condorensis J. L. Clark &amp; D. A. Neill A-C mature staminate flower featuring prominent sepals, reduced petals, extra-staminal disc and androphore D shoot featuring two-ranked foliage and congested inflorescences. (A-D J. L. Clark, D. A. Neill &amp; J. Mayr 15257). Photos by John L. Clark." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.227.104703.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/858083" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">1</figureCitation>
). The petals are only apparent with a 10
<normalizedToken id="1D43A00DE8C4A977ED6E35764F551579" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
hand lens or higher magnification (Fig.
<figureCitation id="932091CD307ABE63600BEF5F8EFF2C7F" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Amanoa condorensis J. L. Clark &amp; D. A. Neill A-C mature staminate flower featuring prominent sepals, reduced petals, extra-staminal disc and androphore D shoot featuring two-ranked foliage and congested inflorescences. (A-D J. L. Clark, D. A. Neill &amp; J. Mayr 15257). Photos by John L. Clark." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.227.104703.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/858083" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">1A</figureCitation>
). The intrapetiolar stipules in
<taxonomicName id="40A9046E4A054C43400480B42C37A035" lsidName="A. condorensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="condorensis">
<emphasis id="694297EDBB502BB3F68A94C97856AAFD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">A. condorensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are conspicuous on herbarium specimens and in the field.
</paragraph>
<caption id="7291BA019488A70AA478E0E44DFC6116" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.227.104703.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/858083" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph id="465AEB1BFDC7835BA9E14A5F5C3FE665" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="464343601BFD99CA2D5269C328A5CB80" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Figure 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CFDA5F0F3BC408C9CC80FFE5DECD1E1B" authorityName="J. L. Clark &amp; D. A. Neill" authorityYear="2023" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Amanoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Amanoa condorensis" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="condorensis">
<emphasis id="BF8BEEA55C3098ABB6CEBB629599DC13" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Amanoa condorensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
J.L.Clark &amp; D.A.Neill
<emphasis id="6BE0C5371028ABF9D8DD9F49E6ECC473" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">A-C</emphasis>
mature staminate flower featuring prominent sepals, reduced petals, extra-staminal disc and androphore
<emphasis id="8BCE6CE9BBC4FF9375DA5658CA5DA4BD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">D</emphasis>
shoot featuring two-ranked foliage and congested inflorescences. (
<emphasis id="289E27EFB27ED8608CA3ABF40DCC48A4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">A-D</emphasis>
<emphasis id="2D38FF32F84161723E8D2561706291B2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">J.L. Clark</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="7F625EE2A37DE9E205FE9F999466CEB1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">D.A. Neill &amp; J. Mayr 15257</emphasis>
). Photos by John L. Clark.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="195C9D95CDF31B99A7489F32805062BF" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.227.104703.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/858084" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph id="CF4BFC89693B2156A2530E1CBC415F46" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="738F7EDDBE66249953C34C41DC5B7E86" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Figure 2.</emphasis>
Holotype (ECUAMZ) of
<taxonomicName id="9C75EAD34AB242C4A7EC6F65A27D693A" authorityName="J. L. Clark &amp; D. A. Neill" authorityYear="2023" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Amanoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Amanoa condorensis" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="condorensis">
<emphasis id="DED7EBE4A52A865E27324F1C18FD24EB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Amanoa condorensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
J.L.Clark &amp; D.A.Neill.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="962A77186A9AFB6D5AA0FE1895ED1C9B" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName id="01DFD310316FB971676F5A1FFA125124" authorityName="J. L. Clark &amp; D. A. Neill" authorityYear="2023" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Amanoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Amanoa condorensis" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="condorensis">
<emphasis id="4D89D8F20CDEE9BB47E78B939E7DB9DD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Amanoa condorensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has an androphore, a structure formed by the basal fusion of the filaments (Fig.
<figureCitation id="8CEAC49322BB5451DD7AD79ACCD44A60" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Amanoa condorensis J. L. Clark &amp; D. A. Neill A-C mature staminate flower featuring prominent sepals, reduced petals, extra-staminal disc and androphore D shoot featuring two-ranked foliage and congested inflorescences. (A-D J. L. Clark, D. A. Neill &amp; J. Mayr 15257). Photos by John L. Clark." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.227.104703.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/858083" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">1C</figureCitation>
), a character that is only reported for two additional species:
<taxonomicName id="EF1811A9F086A14B278AFA37BE194E4E" lsidName="A. almerindae" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="almerindae">
<emphasis id="6CBBC09A49D0C3C9FA6EB7E5F91FE7B2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">A. almerindae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="6C6B35D0CA7A0C6D0F735554993055B3" lsidName="A. caribaea" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="caribaea">
<emphasis id="F04D24FB83833A4C5A81860534915884" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">A. caribaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Krug &amp; Urb. The inflorescence of
<taxonomicName id="A6AC44E713B6BBFB45D461FDEF5A2C9E" lsidName="A. caribaea" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="caribaea">
<emphasis id="58F43D11F43A797190FAB71D3CE234AD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">A. caribaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is an elongate spike-like inflorescence with broadly spaced fascicles of numerous flowers. In contrast,
<taxonomicName id="F0B9306D782B4CFE59D21156CA33D944" lsidName="A. condorensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="condorensis">
<emphasis id="7C1A40406448544CD00990C2A353413B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">A. condorensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has congested inflorescences, but never more than two flowers per bracteole.
<taxonomicName id="8AA2D2F3566812E6B55BE42C6B1D7408" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Amanoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Amanoa caribaea" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caribaea">
<emphasis id="1B7DA2F46C016FE000AA542352EBF5A6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Amanoa caribaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is endemic to the Caribbean (Dominica and Guadeloupe), where it is reported as a common co-dominant important timber tree in native forests of Dominica (
<bibRefCitation id="3580C222460FAF748D8BDFACEE6B1B46" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.0081024X.77" author="Nicolson, DH" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="1 - 274" refId="B9" refString="Nicolson, DH, 1991. Flora of Dominica, Part 2: Dicotyledoneae. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 77: 1 - 274, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5479/si.0081024X.77" title="Flora of Dominica, Part 2: Dicotyledoneae." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.0081024X.77" volume="77" year="1991">Nicolson 1991</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F130C9DAC32FFC261B575ED7AE7F8333" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName id="8C61BDF4C137064A80B2B9AAC0D3C93B" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Amanoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Amanoa pubescens" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">
<emphasis id="8838E4FD5A97EB98AAE32CC1138E06D7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Amanoa pubescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was previously considered a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="0C8B57CEFF2AC332E6FF0D3AF3F82020" lsidName="A. almerindae" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="almerindae">
<emphasis id="4C45E687AFC54C77A242AEB186B1E0FA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">A. almerindae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but was separated and resurrected by
<bibRefCitation id="401352C31F5B87A5EF9539C551D33F7D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1590/S0044-59672014000100004" author="Secco, R de S" journalOrPublisher="Acta Amazonica" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="25 - 44" refId="B12" refString="Secco, R de S, Campos, J de M, Hiura, A de L, 2014. Taxonomia atualizada de Amanoa (Phyllanthaceae) no Brasil. Acta Amazonica 44 (1): 25 - 44, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0044-59672014000100004" title="Taxonomia atualizada de Amanoa (Phyllanthaceae) no Brasil." url="https://doi.org/10.1590/S0044-59672014000100004" volume="44" year="2014">Secco et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
, based on the presence of an androphore in
<taxonomicName id="628159CA9D5A8B84733B9826A9838D36" lsidName="A. pubescens" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="pubescens">
<emphasis id="39CE589328E0174B03D55095604EF7A3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">A. pubescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and its absence in
<taxonomicName id="E56DA1F01483A031D3F6CE479C27BF0C" lsidName="A. almerindae" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="almerindae">
<emphasis id="4A91CF48D7664DEF00B179022B5EB62F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">A. almerindae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However,
<bibRefCitation id="00C44912AE16F866AEA6062E761CF912" author="Secco, R de S" journalOrPublisher="Brazilian Journal of Biosciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="45 - 48" refId="B13" refString="Secco, R de S, Rosario, AS, 2016. Notes on the identity of Amanoa pubescens Steyerm. (Phyllanthaceae). Brazilian Journal of Biosciences 14: 45 - 48" title="Notes on the identity of Amanoa pubescens Steyerm. (Phyllanthaceae)." volume="14" year="2016">
Secco and
<normalizedToken id="9541BFD3F985D6EF32BDEEE68126EFA5" originalValue="Rosário">Rosario</normalizedToken>
(2016)
</bibRefCitation>
re-examined the type material of both taxa and determined that
<taxonomicName id="6A61E73B669A49781167357039D57C54" lsidName="A. almerindae" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="almerindae">
<emphasis id="3060402946C26450ABE18A4AA3BBEF6B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">A. almerindae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does possess an androphore that is evident in open staminate flowers, but not in bud. As a result,
<bibRefCitation id="1B8F0E4F1631CB6D6D11144A7EF11F3A" author="Secco, R de S" journalOrPublisher="Brazilian Journal of Biosciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="45 - 48" refId="B13" refString="Secco, R de S, Rosario, AS, 2016. Notes on the identity of Amanoa pubescens Steyerm. (Phyllanthaceae). Brazilian Journal of Biosciences 14: 45 - 48" title="Notes on the identity of Amanoa pubescens Steyerm. (Phyllanthaceae)." volume="14" year="2016">
Secco and
<normalizedToken id="76FCEAA8568601A8C64A068260F7B0DF" originalValue="Rosário">Rosario</normalizedToken>
(2016)
</bibRefCitation>
, once again, reduced
<taxonomicName id="D95B211085431D3926C4FD382595AB24" lsidName="A. pubescens" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="pubescens">
<emphasis id="143B68CB2C583999CD77E6508BAD70EE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">A. pubescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to synonymy with
<taxonomicName id="C7DE13C4082CA6490C01BF0CAF5A3AE5" lsidName="A. almerindae" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="almerindae">
<emphasis id="5BFDB103E86EF7E952FAC8F1642DF314" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">A. almerindae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="CC2A622502EBEDFF1D7B0E2EA3CE76D7" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Amanoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Amanoa almerindae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="almerindae">
<emphasis id="EBB24B1BBAFA6756826F81D5C400552D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Amanoa almerindae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="976F79E65DA256BDE3D24CDFA13BDA97" lsidName="A. condorensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="condorensis">
<emphasis id="3EF8C1F00BB82BEC5DC7B0FD44D97DC2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">A. condorensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its thinner, larger more widely-spaced leaves, and more elongate inflorescences with more broadly spaced fascicles (vs. thick, sclerophylous, smaller leaves and short, congested inflorescence in
<taxonomicName id="DF662577BB5C3CE526D4DD216E46CE2D" lsidName="A. condorensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="condorensis">
<emphasis id="F48D53C45F9FF96EA88BDFC96EB94D35" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">A. condorensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ACD8AF02037992DFE50A07DC321CC46E" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<bibRefCitation id="C41D5F081DE996AAA5E5E1D9C16E30FF" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2806814" author="Hayden, WJ" journalOrPublisher="Brittonia" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="260 - 270" refId="B2" refString="Hayden, WJ, 1990. Notes on Neotropical Amanoa (Euphorbiaceae). Brittonia 42 (4): 260 - 270, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2806814" title="Notes on Neotropical Amanoa (Euphorbiaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2806814" volume="42" year="1990">Hayden (1990)</bibRefCitation>
reported that most flowers in
<taxonomicName id="259A280CF2BECEF1B7BA791A68810D14" authorityName="Aublet" authorityYear="1775" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Amanoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Amanoa" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="56796460B31E41D31E69579A3D578183" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Amanoa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are protandrous and species can be either monoecious or dioecious. Only two Neotropical species are known to be dioecious:
<taxonomicName id="6E6F0D5DA4521AB1FBC77CB6E25DF956" lsidName="A. glaucophylla" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="glaucophylla">
<emphasis id="E2BCCC8D7EB1E4E24D6938F04D8245C1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">A. glaucophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="0EC99F65846B9427510070C9D2BC293E" originalValue="Müll">Muell</normalizedToken>
.Arg of Amazonian and coastal Brazil, as well as Amazonian Colombia and Venezuela and
<taxonomicName id="8F9725EB70C62DAB694F1192E0D6A284" lsidName="A. anomala" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="anomala">
<emphasis id="955664BCDC96F4D969302E7593207F69" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">A. anomala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Little, endemic to the Pacific coast of Ecuador. The remaining species are presumed to be monoecious, but this has not been confirmed for most species. The flowers featured here (Fig.
<figureCitation id="DFADBD143EC9F31F53DE68C1F728AF22" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Amanoa condorensis J. L. Clark &amp; D. A. Neill A-C mature staminate flower featuring prominent sepals, reduced petals, extra-staminal disc and androphore D shoot featuring two-ranked foliage and congested inflorescences. (A-D J. L. Clark, D. A. Neill &amp; J. Mayr 15257). Photos by John L. Clark." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.227.104703.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/858083" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">1</figureCitation>
) have mature androecia with vestigial gynoecia. Therefore, if the species is monoecious, we expect the pistillate flowers would appear at a later stage. If dioecious, then separate staminate and pistillate individuals would be expected.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>