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,
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<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF81FFB3FF7505C1FE0FE0FC" box="[189,387,972,997]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Pectis antarctica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF81FFB3FE4305C6FDB5E0FF" author="Haeckel E." box="[395,569,971,998]" journalOrPublisher="Gustav Fisher, Jena" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.46856" refString="Haeckel E. 1879. Das System der Medusen. Erster Theil einer Monographie der Medusen. Mit einem Atlas von vierzig Tafeln. Gustav Fisher, Jena. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 46856" title="Das System der Medusen. Erster Theil einer Monographie der Medusen. Mit einem Atlas von vierzig Tafeln" type="book" year="1879">Haeckel, 1879</bibRefCitation>
: 266
@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ Bouillon
, Fgs 45 (syn. nov.).
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@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ According to
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF81FFB3FDAE035DFD3FE672" author="Haeckel E." box="[614,691,1360,1387]" journalOrPublisher="Zoology" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 154" part="4" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.6513" refString="Haeckel E. 1881 b. Report on the deep-sea medusae dredged by H. M. S. Challenger, during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the ScientiFc Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76, Zoology 4 (2): 1 - 154. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6513" title="Report on the deep-sea medusae dredged by H. M. S. Challenger, during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the ScientiFc Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76" type="journal article" year="1881" yearSuffix="b">1881b</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF81FFB3FD0E035CFC07E673" box="[710,907,1361,1386]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF81FFB3FD0E035CFC07E673" box="[710,907,1361,1386]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF81FFB3FD0E035CFC07E673" box="[710,907,1361,1386]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Pectis antarctica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a hydromedusa exhibiting the following characters: 1) bell nearly hemispherical; 2) exumbrella Fnely ribbed radially; 3) mesoglea moderately thick in the upper half, and comparatively thinner in the lower half; 4) eight radial canals connecting with the ring canal, the latter giving rise to 1113 centripetal canals in each octant; 5) eight ovoid, convoluted gonads, extending along the proximal half of the radial canals; 6) a quadrangular manubrium provided with 8 pairs of outer, hollow, hemispherical pouches; 7) a strong, muscular velum; 8) a great number of solid marginal tentacles not arising in distinct clusters, but showing a certain regularity in their arrangement around the bell margin; 9) a continuous ring of nematocysts between the velum and the lowest row of tentacles; 10) the occurrence of a number of free, small, club-shaped statocysts with single, spherical statoliths.
@ -198,11 +198,11 @@ and
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3D6605FF80FFB2FF750149FD2CE4F2" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221254/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" targetBox="[195,1392,305,1811]" targetPageId="19">
<caption id="DF3D6605FF80FFB2FF750149FD2CE4F2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.221254" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221254/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" targetBox="[195,1392,305,1811]" targetPageId="19">
<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF80FFB2FF750149FD2CE4F2" blockId="19.[189,1400,1860,2028]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF80FFB2FF750149FE84E447" bold="true" box="[189,264,1860,1886]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF80FFB2FEF80148FD12E447" authority="Haeckel, 1879" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1879" box="[304,670,1860,1886]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF80FFB2FEF80148FD12E447" authority="Haeckel, 1879" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1879" box="[304,670,1860,1886]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF80FFB2FEF80148FEFAE447" box="[304,374,1861,1886]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Pectis</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF80FFB2FEB40148FE7DE447" box="[380,497,1861,1886]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">antarctica</emphasis>
Haeckel, 1879
@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ in oral (F) and lateral (G) views. [AD redrawn after Haeckel (1881b); EG r
<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF87FFB5FF750701FBAFE250" blockId="20.[189,1399,267,329]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF87FFB5FF750701FE92E23C" bold="true" box="[189,286,267,294]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Table 2</emphasis>
(continued on next page). Morphological comparison between the nominal species
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF87FFB5FAE70701FE6AE250" authority="Haeckel, 1879" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1879" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF87FFB5FAE70701FE6AE250" authority="Haeckel, 1879" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1879" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF87FFB5FAE70701FEB9E251" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Pectis antarctica</emphasis>
Haeckel, 1879
</taxonomicName>
@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ Bouillon
<table id="F942C42DFF87005EFF0D0787FAE2E4D1" box="[197,1390,394,1992]" colsContinueIn="21.[197,1390,283,1460]" gridcols="3" gridrows="8" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<tr id="357234CFFF87005EFF0D0787FAE2E2BA" box="[197,1390,394,419]" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="76A35DB3FF87005EFEBC0787FCD2E2BA" box="[372,862,394,419]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF87FFB5FEBC0786FD2EE2BB" authority="Haeckel, 1879" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1879" box="[372,674,394,419]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF87FFB5FEBC0786FD2EE2BB" authority="Haeckel, 1879" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1879" box="[372,674,394,419]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF87FFB5FEBC0786FD2EE2BB" bold="true" box="[372,674,394,419]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF87FFB5FEBC0786FE71E2BB" bold="true" box="[372,509,394,418]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. antarctica</emphasis>
Haeckel, 1879
@ -290,12 +290,12 @@ Bouillon
</th>
<td id="76A35DB3FF87005EFEBC07D6FCD2E10C" box="[372,862,475,533]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
60°52 S, 80°20 E (500600 km off eastern
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF87FFB5FEBC07F0FE69E10C" box="[372,485,509,533]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="antarctica">Antarctica</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF87FFB5FEBC07F0FE69E10C" box="[372,485,509,533]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarctica">Antarctica</taxonomicName>
)
</td>
<td id="76A35DB3FF87005EFCA507D6FAE2E10C" box="[877,1390,475,533]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Weddell Sea,
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF87FFB5FC3607D0FBE1E2EC" box="[1022,1133,477,501]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="antarctica">Antarctica</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF87FFB5FC3607D0FBE1E2EC" box="[1022,1133,477,501]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="20" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarctica">Antarctica</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357234CFFF87005EFF0D042BFAE2E75A" box="[197,1390,550,1091]" gridrow="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ Dome-shaped to “almost hemispherical; about 1½ times as broad as high”,
<tr id="357234CFFF86005EFF0D0716FAE2E22A" box="[197,1390,283,307]" gridrow="0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rowspan-0="1">
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF86FFB4FEBC0716FB42E22A" bold="true" box="[372,1230,283,307]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<th id="76A35DB3FF86005EFEBC0716FCD2E22A" box="[372,862,283,307]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF86FFB4FEBC0716FD2EE22A" authority="Haeckel, 1879" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1879" box="[372,674,283,307]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF86FFB4FEBC0716FD2EE22A" authority="Haeckel, 1879" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1879" box="[372,674,283,307]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF86FFB4FEBC0716FD2EE22A" bold="true" box="[372,674,283,307]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF86FFB4FEBC0716FE71E22A" bold="true" box="[372,509,283,307]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">P. antarctica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF86FFB4FDCC0716FD2EE22A" author="Haeckel E." box="[516,674,283,307]" journalOrPublisher="Gustav Fisher, Jena" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.46856" refString="Haeckel E. 1879. Das System der Medusen. Erster Theil einer Monographie der Medusen. Mit einem Atlas von vierzig Tafeln. Gustav Fisher, Jena. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 46856" title="Das System der Medusen. Erster Theil einer Monographie der Medusen. Mit einem Atlas von vierzig Tafeln" type="book" year="1879">Haeckel, 1879</bibRefCitation>
@ -422,7 +422,7 @@ According to
, the type specimen of
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF86FFB4FCE1002DFC5DE520" box="[809,977,1568,1593]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Pe.
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF86FFB4FC91002DFC5DE520" box="[857,977,1568,1593]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="antarctica">antarctica</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF86FFB4FC91002DFC5DE520" box="[857,977,1568,1593]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarctica">antarctica</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
“had been thoroughly dissected by Haeckel and just a few pieces placed back into a bottle”, an observation later conFrmed by
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF86FFB4FAED004EFE82E598" author="Kramp P. L." journalOrPublisher="Discovery &quot; Reports" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 128" part="29" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.12484" refString="Kramp P. L. 1957. Hydromedusae from the Discovery collections. &quot; Discovery &quot; Reports 29: 1 - 128. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 12484" title="Hydromedusae from the Discovery collections" type="journal article" year="1957">Kramp (1957)</bibRefCitation>
@ -528,7 +528,7 @@ for their
. It is, however, acknowledged that several morphological features described by Haeckel are a matter of debate. For example, the shape of the umbrella is rather peculiar, and it may represent an artifact resulting from a strong contraction during the hauling and/or Fxation of the type material, as already suggested by
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF85FFB7FC1F056AFB25E098" author="Vanhoffen E." box="[983,1193,871,897]" journalOrPublisher="Zoologie" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="351 - 396" part="5" refString="Vanhoffen E. 1912. Die craspedoten Medusen der deutschen Sudpolar-Expedition. Deutsche Sudpolar- Expedition 1901 - 1903, Zoologie 5 (3): 351 - 396." title="Die craspedoten Medusen der deutschen Sudpolar-Expedition. Deutsche Sudpolar- Expedition 1901 - 1903" type="journal article" year="1912">Vanhöffen (1912)</bibRefCitation>
. Indeed, a similar shape is assumed post-collection and Fxation by the medusae of
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF85FFB7FC770586FBC3E0BD" box="[959,1103,906,932]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tatsunoko">
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF85FFB7FC770586FBC3E0BD" box="[959,1103,906,932]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tatsunoko">
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF85FFB7FC770586FBC3E0BD" box="[959,1103,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">P. tatsunoko</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
@ -547,14 +547,14 @@ represent, with little doubt, nothing more than the proximal parts of the gonads
) around the umbrella margin, is possibly not totally unfounded. Indeed,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF85FFB7FDE00276FCCBE78F" author="Lindsay D. &amp; Pages F." box="[552,839,1147,1174]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="31 - 39" part="2671" refString="Lindsay D. &amp; Pages F. 2010. Voragonema tatsunoko (Trachymedusae: Rhopalonematidae), a new species of benthopelagic medusa, host to the hyperiid amphipod Mimonectes spandli (Physosomata: Mimonectidae). Zootaxa 2671: 31 - 39." title="Voragonema tatsunoko (Trachymedusae: Rhopalonematidae), a new species of benthopelagic medusa, host to the hyperiid amphipod Mimonectes spandli (Physosomata: Mimonectidae)" type="journal article" year="2010">Lindsay &amp; Pagès (2010)</bibRefCitation>
noted a “regular pattern” in the arrangement of tentacles in
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF85FFB7FE8302ADFE57E7A0" box="[331,475,1183,1209]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tatsunoko">
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF85FFB7FE8302ADFE57E7A0" box="[331,475,1183,1209]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tatsunoko">
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF85FFB7FE8302ADFE57E7A0" box="[331,475,1183,1209]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">P. tatsunoko</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and it is quite possible that a similar situation may occur in Haeckel species as well.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF85FFB7FF750309FD03E543" blockId="22.[189,1399,1283,1626]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Last but not least, Haeckels statement that “All the tentacles of this genus are solid; their endodermal axis consists of large, clear chordal cells which are sometimes placed in a discoid row one behind the other” is more problematic in its interpretation. Indeed, we cannot be sure whether or not Haeckel made sections through both the large, outermost and the shorter, innermost tentacles, given that only the latter are reportedly hollow in
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF85FFB7FE11039CFDADE6B3" box="[473,545,1425,1450]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF85FFB7FE11039CFDADE6B3" box="[473,545,1425,1450]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF85FFB7FE11039CFDADE6B3" box="[473,545,1425,1450]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Pectis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
@ -711,7 +711,7 @@ The revision of the genus
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF84FFB6FE3E0572FD17E080" box="[502,667,895,921]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Ptychogastria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
provided herein demonstrates that
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF84FFB6FBF60572FF76E0A5" authority="Haeckel, 1879" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1879" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF84FFB6FBF60572FF76E0A5" authority="Haeckel, 1879" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1879" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF84FFB6FBF60572FB0AE081" box="[1086,1158,895,920]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Pectis</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF84FFB6FB470572FA8BE081" box="[1167,1287,895,920]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">antarctica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF84FFB6FAC70573FF76E0A5" author="Haeckel E." journalOrPublisher="Gustav Fisher, Jena" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.46856" refString="Haeckel E. 1879. Das System der Medusen. Erster Theil einer Monographie der Medusen. Mit einem Atlas von vierzig Tafeln. Gustav Fisher, Jena. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 46856" title="Das System der Medusen. Erster Theil einer Monographie der Medusen. Mit einem Atlas von vierzig Tafeln" type="book" year="1879">Haeckel, 1879</bibRefCitation>
@ -731,11 +731,11 @@ Bouillon
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is coterminous with
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF84FFB6FF75025EFEDFE775" box="[189,339,1107,1132]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF84FFB6FF75025EFEDFE775" box="[189,339,1107,1132]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF84FFB6FF75025EFEDFE775" box="[189,339,1107,1132]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">P. antarctica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, thus clarifying the morphology and the taxonomic status of this poorly-known species, 137 years after its discovery. The binomen
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF84FFB6FD1B027BFC12E796" box="[723,926,1142,1167]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF84FFB6FD1B027BFC12E796" box="[723,926,1142,1167]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF84FFB6FD1B027BFC12E796" box="[723,926,1142,1167]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Pectis antarctica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is retained in light of the Principle of Priority of ICZN.

View file

@ -1,74 +1,74 @@
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<mods:title id="82A5E406CDFDDBF01C032E0B8DA24974">Glaciambulata neumayeri gen. et sp. nov., a new Antarctic trachymedusa (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa), with a revision of the family Ptychogastriidae</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="BC0222B336B4B64792CB133E52C8F213">Glaciambulata neumayeri gen. et sp. nov., a new Antarctic trachymedusa (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa), with a revision of the family Ptychogastriidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="ED7296B315D43392E39BAADCFF591453">Horia R. Galea</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="49DA8018472798F0E40D6F81C146C9A7">Christoph Walcher</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7E46F8066C960BABE10BC3D90EEB5C95">Marco Warmuth</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6CD1B4025472C48FC9CBE7D9E24BEF50">Eberhard Kohlberg</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9E364F94783F71B5C1F359F7206C5BE1">Philipp F. Fischer</mods:namePart>
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF83FFB1FD0F00DBFC33E5E9" ID-CoL="6JX7" authority="Haeckel, 1879" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1879" box="[711,959,1750,1776]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF83FFB1FD0F00DBFC83E5E9" bold="true" box="[711,783,1750,1776]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pectis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF83FFB1FCDE00DBFC33E5E9" author="Haeckel E." box="[790,959,1750,1776]" journalOrPublisher="Gustav Fisher, Jena" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.46856" refString="Haeckel E. 1879. Das System der Medusen. Erster Theil einer Monographie der Medusen. Mit einem Atlas von vierzig Tafeln. Gustav Fisher, Jena. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 46856" title="Das System der Medusen. Erster Theil einer Monographie der Medusen. Mit einem Atlas von vierzig Tafeln" type="book" year="1879">Haeckel, 1879</bibRefCitation>
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@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ Genus
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<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF83FFB1FF750115FC8EE42B" blockId="16.[189,770,1815,1877]" box="[189,770,1815,1842]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF83FFB1FF750115FE79E428" ID-CoL="6JX7" authority="Haeckel, 1879: 266" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityPageNumber="266" authorityYear="1879" box="[189,501,1815,1842]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF83FFB1FF750115FE79E428" ID-CoL="6JX7" authority="Haeckel, 1879: 266" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityPageNumber="266" authorityYear="1879" box="[189,501,1815,1842]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF83FFB1FF750115FE89E428" box="[189,261,1816,1841]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pectis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF83FFB1FEC4011AFE36E42B" author="Haeckel E." box="[268,442,1815,1842]" journalOrPublisher="Gustav Fisher, Jena" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.46856" refString="Haeckel E. 1879. Das System der Medusen. Erster Theil einer Monographie der Medusen. Mit einem Atlas von vierzig Tafeln. Gustav Fisher, Jena. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 46856" title="Das System der Medusen. Erster Theil einer Monographie der Medusen. Mit einem Atlas von vierzig Tafeln" type="book" year="1879">Haeckel, 1879</bibRefCitation>
: 266
@ -127,11 +127,11 @@ Bouillon
When
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF82FFB0FEC60454FE4AE16A" author="Haeckel E." box="[270,454,601,627]" journalOrPublisher="Gustav Fisher, Jena" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.46856" refString="Haeckel E. 1879. Das System der Medusen. Erster Theil einer Monographie der Medusen. Mit einem Atlas von vierzig Tafeln. Gustav Fisher, Jena. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 46856" title="Das System der Medusen. Erster Theil einer Monographie der Medusen. Mit einem Atlas von vierzig Tafeln" type="book" year="1879">Haeckel (1879)</bibRefCitation>
described the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF82FFB0FD010457FC9DE16A" box="[713,785,602,627]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF82FFB0FD010457FC9DE16A" box="[713,785,602,627]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Pectis</emphasis>
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, he notably emphasized the “eight genitalia in the course of the eight radial canals, between which blind centripetal canals run from the annular canal”. It will be shown in the next section that its type species,
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<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF82FFB0FCBF04ACFB44E1A3" authority="Haeckel, 1879" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1879" box="[887,1224,672,698]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF82FFB0FCBF04ACFB83E1A3" box="[887,1039,673,698]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. antarctica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF82FFB0FBD104ADFB44E1A3" author="Haeckel E." box="[1049,1224,672,698]" journalOrPublisher="Gustav Fisher, Jena" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.46856" refString="Haeckel E. 1879. Das System der Medusen. Erster Theil einer Monographie der Medusen. Mit einem Atlas von vierzig Tafeln. Gustav Fisher, Jena. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 46856" title="Das System der Medusen. Erster Theil einer Monographie der Medusen. Mit einem Atlas von vierzig Tafeln" type="book" year="1879">Haeckel, 1879</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ Bouillon
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF82FFB0FF750525FB22E745" blockId="17.[189,1399,808,1116]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Reversal of precedence (ICZN Art. 23.9) for the generic name cannot be applied for the following reasons: the senior synonym,
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<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF82FFB0FDD10541FDEDE07C" box="[537,609,844,869]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF82FFB0FDD10541FDEDE07C" box="[537,609,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Pectis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, has been used as a valid name after 1899 (e.g.,
@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ Minemizu
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF82FFB0FF75028EFC0DE7FA" blockId="17.[189,1398,1155,1251]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Consequently, the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF82FFB0FE16028EFDAAE785" box="[478,550,1155,1180]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF82FFB0FE16028EFDAAE785" box="[478,550,1155,1180]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Pectis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is taken as valid, and
@ -248,25 +248,25 @@ is taken as valid, and
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF82FFB0FCE9028EFC39E785" box="[801,949,1155,1180]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Voragonema</emphasis>
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is included in its synonymy. Presently, the genus contains four species, namely:
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<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF82FFB0FD5602AAFCBEE7D9" box="[670,818,1191,1216]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF82FFB0FD5602AAFCBEE7D9" box="[670,818,1191,1216]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. antarctica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF82FFB0FC8902AAFB3BE7D9" authority="Bigelow, 1913" authorityName="Bigelow" authorityYear="1913" box="[833,1207,1190,1216]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pedunculata">
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF82FFB0FC8902AAFB3BE7D9" authority="Bigelow, 1913" authorityName="Bigelow" authorityYear="1913" box="[833,1207,1190,1216]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pedunculata">
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF82FFB0FC8902AAFC63E7D9" box="[833,1007,1190,1216]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. pedunculata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF82FFB0FC3602ABFB22E7D9" author="Bigelow H. B." box="[1022,1198,1190,1216]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Unites States National Museum" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 119" part="44" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.44-1946.1" refString="Bigelow H. B. 1913. Medusae and Siphonophorae collected by the U. S. Fisheries steamer &quot; Albatross &quot; in the northwestern PaciFc, 1906. Proceedings of the Unites States National Museum 44 (1946): 1 - 119. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.44 - 1946.1" title="Medusae and Siphonophorae collected by the U. S. Fisheries steamer &quot; Albatross &quot; in the northwestern PaciFc, 1906" type="journal article" year="1913">Bigelow, 1913</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF82FFB0FB0B02AAFE0CE7FA" authority="Naumov, 1971" authorityName="Naumov" authorityYear="1971" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="profundicola">
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF82FFB0FB0B02AAFE0CE7FA" authority="Naumov, 1971" authorityName="Naumov" authorityYear="1971" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="profundicola">
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF82FFB0FB0B02AAFAFAE7D9" box="[1219,1398,1190,1216]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. profundicola</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF82FFB0FF0D02C4FEFBE7FA" author="Naumov D. V." box="[197,375,1225,1251]" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Instituta Okeanologii" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="9 - 17" refString="Naumov D. V. 1971. Gydroidnye i stsifoidnye medusy iz Kurilo-Kamchatskogo zhelova (Hydromedusae and Scyphomedusae from the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench). Trudy Instituta Okeanologii 92: 9 - 17." title="Gydroidnye i stsifoidnye medusy iz Kurilo-Kamchatskogo zhelova (Hydromedusae and Scyphomedusae from the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench)" type="book chapter" year="1971">Naumov, 1971</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF82FFB0FE7502C7FCF0E7FA" authority="Lindsay &amp; Pages, 2010" authorityName="Lindsay &amp; Pages" authorityYear="2010" box="[445,892,1225,1251]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tatsunoko">
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF82FFB0FE7502C7FCF0E7FA" authority="Lindsay &amp; Pages, 2010" authorityName="Lindsay &amp; Pages" authorityYear="2010" box="[445,892,1225,1251]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tatsunoko">
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF82FFB0FE7502C7FDC0E7FA" box="[445,588,1225,1251]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. tatsunoko</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF82FFB0FD9302C4FCF8E7FA" author="Lindsay D. &amp; Pages F." box="[603,884,1225,1251]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="31 - 39" part="2671" refString="Lindsay D. &amp; Pages F. 2010. Voragonema tatsunoko (Trachymedusae: Rhopalonematidae), a new species of benthopelagic medusa, host to the hyperiid amphipod Mimonectes spandli (Physosomata: Mimonectidae). Zootaxa 2671: 31 - 39." title="Voragonema tatsunoko (Trachymedusae: Rhopalonematidae), a new species of benthopelagic medusa, host to the hyperiid amphipod Mimonectes spandli (Physosomata: Mimonectidae)" type="journal article" year="2010">Lindsay &amp; Pagès, 2010</bibRefCitation>
@ -290,21 +290,21 @@ for the genus
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF82FFB0FF75039FFEBBE50F" blockId="17.[189,1399,1426,1558]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
The gastric pouches are recognized as speciFc rather than generic features. Indeed, they are present in
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF82FFB0FF7503BBFEDFE6D6" box="[189,339,1462,1487]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF82FFB0FF7503BBFEDFE6D6" box="[189,339,1462,1487]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF82FFB0FF7503BBFEDFE6D6" box="[189,339,1462,1487]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. antarctica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but are lacking in both
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF82FFB0FDB703BBFCA3E6D6" box="[639,815,1461,1487]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pedunculata">
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF82FFB0FDB703BBFCA3E6D6" box="[639,815,1461,1487]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pedunculata">
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF82FFB0FDB703BBFCA3E6D6" box="[639,815,1461,1487]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. pedunculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF82FFB0FCA403BBFC71E6D6" box="[876,1021,1461,1487]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tatsunoko">
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF82FFB0FCA403BBFC71E6D6" box="[876,1021,1461,1487]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tatsunoko">
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF82FFB0FCA403BBFC71E6D6" box="[876,1021,1461,1487]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. tatsunoko</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It is unclear whether the eight wavy manubrial ridges reported by
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF82FFB0FDA103D4FCAAE6EA" author="Naumov D. V." box="[617,806,1497,1523]" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Instituta Okeanologii" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="9 - 17" refString="Naumov D. V. 1971. Gydroidnye i stsifoidnye medusy iz Kurilo-Kamchatskogo zhelova (Hydromedusae and Scyphomedusae from the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench). Trudy Instituta Okeanologii 92: 9 - 17." title="Gydroidnye i stsifoidnye medusy iz Kurilo-Kamchatskogo zhelova (Hydromedusae and Scyphomedusae from the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench)" type="book chapter" year="1971">Naumov (1971)</bibRefCitation>
in
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF82FFB0FC8703D7FB88E6EA" box="[847,1028,1497,1523]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="profundicola">
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF82FFB0FC8703D7FB88E6EA" box="[847,1028,1497,1523]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="profundicola">
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF82FFB0FC8703D7FB88E6EA" box="[847,1028,1497,1523]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. profundicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
represent the same anatomical structures.
@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ Bouillon
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF82FFB0FC97006CFC7FE563" box="[863,1011,1633,1658]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Voragonema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF82FFB0FBCA006CFB38E562" box="[1026,1204,1633,1659]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="profundicola">
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF82FFB0FBCA006CFB38E562" box="[1026,1204,1633,1659]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="profundicola">
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF82FFB0FBCA006CFB38E562" box="[1026,1204,1633,1659]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">V. profundicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, notably:
@ -334,52 +334,52 @@ Bouillon
did not make any speciFc reference to the pigmentation of the subumbrella, though he stated that the colors exhibited by his species were typical of deep-water medusae. It is likely, however, that the color of the subumbrella in these species fades over time, as remarked on by
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF82FFB0FCD8012DFC44E423" author="Bigelow H. B." box="[784,968,1824,1850]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Unites States National Museum" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 119" part="44" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.44-1946.1" refString="Bigelow H. B. 1913. Medusae and Siphonophorae collected by the U. S. Fisheries steamer &quot; Albatross &quot; in the northwestern PaciFc, 1906. Proceedings of the Unites States National Museum 44 (1946): 1 - 119. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.44 - 1946.1" title="Medusae and Siphonophorae collected by the U. S. Fisheries steamer &quot; Albatross &quot; in the northwestern PaciFc, 1906" type="journal article" year="1913">Bigelow (1913)</bibRefCitation>
in
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF82FFB0FC22012CFB1BE423" box="[1002,1175,1824,1850]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pedunculata">
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF82FFB0FC22012CFB1BE423" box="[1002,1175,1824,1850]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pedunculata">
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF82FFB0FC22012CFB1BE423" box="[1002,1175,1824,1850]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. pedunculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: “the pigmentation covered the entire subumbrella, though now it is intact over occasional patches only”. On the other hand, some species, such as
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF82FFB0FDCD016AFD1FE499" box="[517,659,1894,1920]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tatsunoko">
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF82FFB0FDCD016AFD1FE499" box="[517,659,1894,1920]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tatsunoko">
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF82FFB0FDCD016AFD1FE499" box="[517,659,1894,1920]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. tatsunoko</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, may be only lightly pigmented in life (“subumbrella pale roseorange”,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF82FFB0FEE00184FDBAE4BA" author="Lindsay D. &amp; Pages F." box="[296,566,1929,1955]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="31 - 39" part="2671" refString="Lindsay D. &amp; Pages F. 2010. Voragonema tatsunoko (Trachymedusae: Rhopalonematidae), a new species of benthopelagic medusa, host to the hyperiid amphipod Mimonectes spandli (Physosomata: Mimonectidae). Zootaxa 2671: 31 - 39." title="Voragonema tatsunoko (Trachymedusae: Rhopalonematidae), a new species of benthopelagic medusa, host to the hyperiid amphipod Mimonectes spandli (Physosomata: Mimonectidae)" type="journal article" year="2010">Lindsay &amp; Pagès 2010</bibRefCitation>
), and the color of Fxed specimens changes to nearly white-opaque (see
<figureCitation id="13792A08FF82FFB0FF7501A1FE8CE4DE" box="[189,256,1964,1991]" captionStart="Fig. 2" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1788,1814]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,265,1754]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[189,1399,265,1754]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 2. Glaciambulata neumayeri Galea, Roder, Walcher, Warmuth, Kohlberg &amp; Fischer, gen. et sp. nov. A. Arrangement pattern of the large, Fliform tentacles around the bell margin. B. Aboral view of a medusa showing some radial and the ring canal. C. Distal part of an adhesive tentacle. D. Portion of a Fliform tentacle, showing the arrangement of the nematocysts. E F. The mouth in frontal (E) and lateral (F) aspects. G H. Arrangement and structure of the gonads. I J. Position of the statocysts (arrowheads). K. Close-ups of three statocysts. L. Cnidome. Scale bars: G = 2 mm; A, B, H, I = 1 mm; E, F = 500 µm; C, J = 200 µm; K = 30 µm; L = 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221252/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13792A08FF82FFB0FF7501A1FE8CE4DE" box="[189,256,1964,1991]" captionStart="Fig. 2" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1788,1814]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,265,1754]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[189,1399,265,1754]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 2. Glaciambulata neumayeri Galea, Roder, Walcher, Warmuth, Kohlberg &amp; Fischer, gen. et sp. nov. A. Arrangement pattern of the large, Fliform tentacles around the bell margin. B. Aboral view of a medusa showing some radial and the ring canal. C. Distal part of an adhesive tentacle. D. Portion of a Fliform tentacle, showing the arrangement of the nematocysts. E F. The mouth in frontal (E) and lateral (F) aspects. G H. Arrangement and structure of the gonads. I J. Position of the statocysts (arrowheads). K. Close-ups of three statocysts. L. Cnidome. Scale bars: G = 2 mm; A, B, H, I = 1 mm; E, F = 500 µm; C, J = 200 µm; K = 30 µm; L = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.221252" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221252/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A in their paper).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF81FFB3FF750706FC69E105" blockId="18.[189,1399,267,540]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
2) the lesser number of marginal tentacles (ca 500,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF81FFB3FCE00701FC58E23C" author="Naumov D. V." box="[808,980,267,294]" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Instituta Okeanologii" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="9 - 17" refString="Naumov D. V. 1971. Gydroidnye i stsifoidnye medusy iz Kurilo-Kamchatskogo zhelova (Hydromedusae and Scyphomedusae from the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench). Trudy Instituta Okeanologii 92: 9 - 17." title="Gydroidnye i stsifoidnye medusy iz Kurilo-Kamchatskogo zhelova (Hydromedusae and Scyphomedusae from the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench)" type="book chapter" year="1971">Naumov 1971</bibRefCitation>
), compared to that of
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF81FFB3FB280701FAFBE23C" box="[1248,1399,268,293]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF81FFB3FB280701FAFBE23C" box="[1248,1399,268,293]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF81FFB3FB280701FAFBE23C" box="[1248,1399,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. antarctica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(10001200),
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF81FFB3FEA80722FD87E250" box="[352,523,303,329]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pedunculata">
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF81FFB3FEA80722FD87E250" box="[352,523,303,329]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pedunculata">
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF81FFB3FEA80722FD87E250" box="[352,523,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. pedunculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(10002000), and
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF81FFB3FD2A0722FCE2E250" box="[738,878,303,329]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tatsunoko">
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF81FFB3FD2A0722FCE2E250" box="[738,878,303,329]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tatsunoko">
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF81FFB3FD2A0722FCE2E250" box="[738,878,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. tatsunoko</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(ca 1050) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF81FFB3FC230723FB78E250" author="Lindsay D. &amp; Pages F." box="[1003,1268,302,329]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="31 - 39" part="2671" refString="Lindsay D. &amp; Pages F. 2010. Voragonema tatsunoko (Trachymedusae: Rhopalonematidae), a new species of benthopelagic medusa, host to the hyperiid amphipod Mimonectes spandli (Physosomata: Mimonectidae). Zootaxa 2671: 31 - 39." title="Voragonema tatsunoko (Trachymedusae: Rhopalonematidae), a new species of benthopelagic medusa, host to the hyperiid amphipod Mimonectes spandli (Physosomata: Mimonectidae)" type="journal article" year="2010">Lindsay &amp; Pagès 2010</bibRefCitation>
). However, it should be noted that the type of
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF81FFB3FD9B075EFC8BE275" box="[595,775,338,364]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="profundicola">
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF81FFB3FD9B075EFC8BE275" box="[595,775,338,364]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="profundicola">
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF81FFB3FD9B075EFC8BE275" box="[595,775,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. profundicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was a young, immature specimen, measuring only 1 cm high and 1.5 cm wide (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF81FFB3FE270778FD16E296" author="Naumov D. V." box="[495,666,373,399]" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Instituta Okeanologii" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="9 - 17" refString="Naumov D. V. 1971. Gydroidnye i stsifoidnye medusy iz Kurilo-Kamchatskogo zhelova (Hydromedusae and Scyphomedusae from the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench). Trudy Instituta Okeanologii 92: 9 - 17." title="Gydroidnye i stsifoidnye medusy iz Kurilo-Kamchatskogo zhelova (Hydromedusae and Scyphomedusae from the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench)" type="book chapter" year="1971">Naumov 1971</bibRefCitation>
), while much larger individuals were obtained for
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF81FFB3FB2B077BFAFBE296" box="[1251,1399,374,399]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF81FFB3FB2B077BFAFBE296" box="[1251,1399,374,399]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF81FFB3FB2B077BFAFBE296" box="[1251,1399,374,399]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. antarctica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(30 mm high and 35 mm wide),
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF81FFB3FDF40794FD66E2AB" box="[572,746,408,434]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pedunculata">
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF81FFB3FDF40794FD66E2AB" box="[572,746,408,434]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pedunculata">
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF81FFB3FDF40794FD66E2AB" box="[572,746,408,434]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. pedunculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(up to 31 mm high and 41 mm wide), and
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF81FFB3FB2F0794FAFAE2AB" box="[1255,1398,408,434]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tatsunoko">
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF81FFB3FB2F0794FAFAE2AB" box="[1255,1398,408,434]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tatsunoko">
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF81FFB3FB2F0794FAFAE2AB" box="[1255,1398,408,434]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. tatsunoko</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(14 mm high and 19 mm wide) (
@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ was a young, immature specimen, measuring only 1 cm high and 1.5 cm wide (
<subSubSection id="C3586506FF81FFB3FF750494FE3BE059" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF81FFB3FF750494FE3BE059" blockId="18.[189,1399,665,832]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
The genus
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF81FFB3FE890497FE05E1AA" box="[321,393,666,691]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF81FFB3FE890497FE05E1AA" box="[321,393,666,691]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF81FFB3FE890497FE05E1AA" box="[321,393,666,691]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Pectis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is immediately distinguished from its allies