diff --git a/data/50/36/87/503687B62450836CFF5EFCDC78C3F494.xml b/data/50/36/87/503687B62450836CFF5EFCDC78C3F494.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..03a6c5ad595 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/50/36/87/503687B62450836CFF5EFCDC78C3F494.xml @@ -0,0 +1,438 @@ + + + +Taxonomic and geographic novelties of Acarnus (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the Brazilian coast, with description of two new species + + + +Author + +Ozga, Aline Vasum +Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Bloco IV, Prédio 43433, Sala 214, CEP 91501 - 970, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. + + + +Author + +Santos, George Garcia +Universidade Federal do Cariri, Instituto de Formação de Educadores, Rua Olegário Emídio de Araújo, s / n, CEP 63260 - 000, Brejo Santo, Ceará, Brasil. & Programa de Pós-Graduação em Diversidade Biológica e Recursos Naturais (PPGDR), Universidade Regional do Cariri (URCA), Centro de Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Pimenta, CEP 63105 - 000, Crato, Ceará, Brasil + + + +Author + +Menegola, Carla +Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Bloco IV, Prédio 43433, Sala 214, CEP 91501 - 970, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. & Centro de Estudos Costeiros, Limnológicos e Marinhos (CECLIMAR), Campus Litoral Norte, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Tramandaí, 976, CEP 95.625 - 000, Imbé, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2024 + +2024-10-17 + + +5523 + + +4 + + +401 +422 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5523.4.1 + +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5523.4.1 +1175-5326 +13949596 +27C5E1BE-6443-463E-A75A-154D099A2762 + + + + + + + +Acarnus hooperi + +sp. nov. +Santos & Menegola + + + + + + +( +Fig. 4A–K +; +Table 2 +) + + + + +Material examined. + +Holotype +: +MNRJ 3942 +, +Brazil +, +Rio de Janeiro State +, +Vermelha Beach +, +22°57’15”S +43°09’49”W +, + +2.5 m +depth + +, +Coll. E. Hajdu +, free diving, + +30.XII.2000 + +, +Det. G. Santos +& +C. Menegola. + + +Paratype +: +MNRJ 6460 +, +6464 +, +6466 +, +6491 +, +6577 +, +6580 +, +Brazil +, +Rio de Janeiro State +, #y1, +22°11’48.1”S +40°29’36.2”W +, + +60 m +depth + +, coll + +. +R +. +V +. “Astro Garoupa”, through dredging, + +11. + +VI +.2002 + + +, +Det. G. Santos +& +C. Menegola. + + + + +Diagnosis. + +Acarnus + +with a combination of blunt spines over acanthostyles, longer and thicker megascleres (style 505/13 µm; tylote 425/8 µm), cladotylotes with less clads (3–4) and larger chelae (~40 µm). + + + + +Description +. Thinly encrusting sponge ( +1 mm +thick) growing on dead coral fragments (MNRJ 3942). Surface varying from smooth to rough, with spicules protruding externally. Fragile consistency, MNRJ 3942 had a “soft cheese” consistency in life. Color in life red, pale in preservation. The fragments in general are quite damaged, in which oscules and pores are not visible. + +Acarnus hooperi + + +sp. nov. + +was found in two distinct forms: encrusting in algae thallus (most specimens) and homogeneously amalgamated in sand grains ( +one specimen +). + + +Skeleton. +Ectosome with tangential tylotes. Choanosome with scarce spongin, but echinated plumose tracts are nevertheless formed, ascending from the substrate; echinating spicules (acanthostyles) singly erect on the substrate. + + +Spicules +( +Fig. 4A–K +). +Megascleres: +styles ( +Fig. 4A and B +) with rugose spines (319–442.8–505/ 7.9–10– 13.3 µm). Microspined tylotes ( +Fig. 4C and D +) with well-developed heads, shaft thoroughly smooth and slightly curved (266–345–425/ 5.3–6.0–7.9 µm). Acanthostyles ( +Fig. 4G and H +) slightly curved and spiny on their entire surface, but density of spines varying along the length, base with rounded spines (66.5–97.7–109/ 2.9–3.4–4.8 µm). Cladotylotes I ( +Fig. 4E and F +) sparsely spined shaft, stout and strongly hooked, with a cladome more developed than the other, with three to four clads (172–210.7–260/ 8–8.9–10.6 µm). Cladotylotes II ( +Fig. 4E +) with the same morphology as cladotylotes I (79–97.8–122/ 2.6–3.3–5.3 µm). +Microscleres: +toxas in two categories: toxa I ( +Fig. 4J +) elongated, with a slight curvature in the middle (accolada-like) (133–209.5–532 µm); toxa II ( +Fig. 4I +) thin and slightly curved (34.5–109.6–218.1 µm). Oxhorn toxa not observed. Palmate isochelae ( +Fig. 4K +) with the alae fused to the shaft (29.2–34.4–39.9 µm). + + + + +Distribution. +Southwest Atlantic, +Brazil +. Recorded from Southeast +Brazil +in the +Rio de Janeiro State +. + + + + +Etymology. +Named + +“ +hooperi + +”. This species is named in honor of Dr. John N.A. Hooper, from the +Queensland +Museum, Brisbane, +Australia +, for his remarkable contribution to the progress of sponge taxonomy, especially of the + +Acarnus + +genus. + + + + +Remarks. +Concerning the spicule set, + +Acarnus hooperi + + +sp. nov. + +belongs to the +“souriei +” group due the possession of acanthostyles. Currently, there are twelve species described worldwide ( +Table 4 +) belonging to the +“souriei +group”. + +Acarnus hooperi + + +sp. nov. + +is morphologically similar to + +A. nicoleae + +. However, + +A. nicoleae + +has toxas in three categories and smaller chelae, while + +Acarnus hooperi + + +sp. nov. + +has two categories of toxas and larger chelae, about twice in size (14.4–21 µm against 29–39.9 µm) ( +Tab. 2 +). Other similar species are the Mediterranean + +Acarnus levii +( +Vacelet, 1960 +) + +, the Pacific + +Acarnus peruanus + +van Soest +et al. +1991 + + +and Indo-Pacific + +A. bicladotylotus +Hoshino, 1981 + +. + +Acarnus bicladotylotus + +has three categories of toxas, megascleres and chelae smaller, while + +Acarnus hooperi + + +sp. nov. + +has two categories of toxas and very larger chelae ( +Tab. 4 +). The differences between + +A. levii + +, + +A. peruanus + +and + +Acarnus hooperi + + +sp. nov. + +are minimal and reduced to spicular dimensions of the megascleres, toxas and chelae ( +Tab. 4 +). However, due to the vast geographic distances between all species (western Mediterranean, eastern Central Pacific, Indo-Pacific and the southern Atlantic) they are unlikely to be the same species. + + + +FIGURE 4. + +Acarnus hooperi + + +sp. nov. + +(Paratype MNRJ 6491). A, style; B, detail of the style; C, tylotes (a polytyloted form in the right); D, detail of the tylotes with microspined ends; E, cladotylotes I and II; F, detail of the cladotylote I; G, acanthostyles; H, detail of the acanthostyle with blunt spines; I, two toxa II (deeply curved); J, toxa I (accolada); K, palmate isochelae. Scales: A, 100µm; 40µm; B, 10µm; C, 100µm; D, 5µm; E, 40µm; F, 5µm; G, 20µm; H, 5µm; I and J, 40µm; K, 5µm. + + + +From the +“souriei +” species group, six species have cladotylotes in one category: + +Acarnus souriei + +, + +A. radovani + +, + +Acarnus tener +Tanita, 1963 + +, + +Acarnus michoacanensis +Aguilar-Camacho, Carballo &Cruz-Barraza, 2013 + +, + +A. guentheri +( +Dendy, 1896 +) + +and + +Acarnus primigenius +Hiemstra & Hooper, 1991 + +. Furthermore, + +A. souriei + +and + +A. radovani + +have two categories of acanthostyles and toxas in three sizes. + +Acarnus tener + +is an encrusting to massive sponge with a plumose skeleton formed by ascending tracts. + +Acarnus michoacanensis + +has smaller megascleres and chelae ( +Tab. 4 +). Finally, + +A. primigenius + +has only one category of toxas. + + + +Acarnus caledoniensis +Hooper & Lévi, 1993 + +has two categories of acanthostyles and is spherical in shape. In comparison to other three species known to +Brazil +, + +A. innominatus + +, + +A. toxeata + +and + +A. microxeatus + +differs from + +Acarnus hooperi + + +sp. nov. + +in not having acanthostyles. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/50/36/87/503687B624548367FF5EF8A87854F4B0.xml b/data/50/36/87/503687B624548367FF5EF8A87854F4B0.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..2bfddf3865f --- /dev/null +++ b/data/50/36/87/503687B624548367FF5EF8A87854F4B0.xml @@ -0,0 +1,92 @@ + + + +Taxonomic and geographic novelties of Acarnus (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the Brazilian coast, with description of two new species + + + +Author + +Ozga, Aline Vasum +Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Bloco IV, Prédio 43433, Sala 214, CEP 91501 - 970, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. + + + +Author + +Santos, George Garcia +Universidade Federal do Cariri, Instituto de Formação de Educadores, Rua Olegário Emídio de Araújo, s / n, CEP 63260 - 000, Brejo Santo, Ceará, Brasil. & Programa de Pós-Graduação em Diversidade Biológica e Recursos Naturais (PPGDR), Universidade Regional do Cariri (URCA), Centro de Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Pimenta, CEP 63105 - 000, Crato, Ceará, Brasil + + + +Author + +Menegola, Carla +Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Bloco IV, Prédio 43433, Sala 214, CEP 91501 - 970, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. & Centro de Estudos Costeiros, Limnológicos e Marinhos (CECLIMAR), Campus Litoral Norte, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Tramandaí, 976, CEP 95.625 - 000, Imbé, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2024 + +2024-10-17 + + +5523 + + +4 + + +401 +422 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5523.4.1 + +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5523.4.1 +1175-5326 +13949596 +27C5E1BE-6443-463E-A75A-154D099A2762 + + + + + + +Family + +Acarnidae +Dendy, 1922 + + + + + + + +Definition: +Poecilosclerida +with apically spined tylotes forming a tangential ectosomal skeleton (emended from Hooper, 2002; according +Morrow & Cardenas, 2015 +). + + + + +Diagnosis: +Encrusting, massive, flabellate or digitate growth forms, sometimes burrowing, many genera producing fistules. Ectosomal skeleton composed of tylotes, strongyles or modified tylote spicules bearing microspined bases forming tangential and/or paratangential tracts, often irregular or halichondroid in arrangement. Choanosomal megascleres are styles or modified styles (anisoxeas) forming reticulate structures in massive forms (isodictyal, isotropic, anisotropic or more irregular skeletons) or plumose or hymedesmioid skeletons in encrusting growth forms. Echinating spicules present or absent, consisting of acanthostyles, unique cladotylotes +and tylostyles +. Microscleres include palmate isochelae and toxas of various morphologies (both sometimes lost), with some genera also having other microscleres such as bipocillae, modified anisochelae, microrhabd-like spicules (modified microxeas or microstrongyles) and diamond-shaped microxeas that are considered modified toxas (emended from Hooper, 2002; our additions are in +bold +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/50/36/87/503687B6245B8369FF5EFC9E7FACF092.xml b/data/50/36/87/503687B6245B8369FF5EFC9E7FACF092.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..aba7e208e20 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/50/36/87/503687B6245B8369FF5EFC9E7FACF092.xml @@ -0,0 +1,225 @@ + + + +Taxonomic and geographic novelties of Acarnus (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the Brazilian coast, with description of two new species + + + +Author + +Ozga, Aline Vasum +Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Bloco IV, Prédio 43433, Sala 214, CEP 91501 - 970, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. + + + +Author + +Santos, George Garcia +Universidade Federal do Cariri, Instituto de Formação de Educadores, Rua Olegário Emídio de Araújo, s / n, CEP 63260 - 000, Brejo Santo, Ceará, Brasil. & Programa de Pós-Graduação em Diversidade Biológica e Recursos Naturais (PPGDR), Universidade Regional do Cariri (URCA), Centro de Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Pimenta, CEP 63105 - 000, Crato, Ceará, Brasil + + + +Author + +Menegola, Carla +Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Bloco IV, Prédio 43433, Sala 214, CEP 91501 - 970, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. & Centro de Estudos Costeiros, Limnológicos e Marinhos (CECLIMAR), Campus Litoral Norte, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Tramandaí, 976, CEP 95.625 - 000, Imbé, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2024 + +2024-10-17 + + +5523 + + +4 + + +401 +422 + + + + +http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5523.4.1 + +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5523.4.1 +1175-5326 +13949596 +27C5E1BE-6443-463E-A75A-154D099A2762 + + + + + + +Identification key for the Western Atlantic species of + +Acarnus + + + + + + + +(Details of spicule set in +Table 4 +) + + + + + + + +1a. +Three types +of megascleres............................................................................. 2 + + + + +1b. Four or more +types +of megascleres........................................................................ 3 + + + + + +2a. Megascleres as styles, tylotes, cladotylotes................................................................. 5 + + + +2b. Megascleres as tylotes, cladotylotes I and acanthostyles.............................................. + +A. radovani + + + + + + +3a. Megascleres as styles, tylotes, cladotylotes and acanthostyles.................................................. 4 + + + +3b. Megascleres as styles, tylotes, cladotylotes and tylostyles................................ + +Acarnus tupiniquim + + +sp. nov. + + + + + + +4a. Two categories of cladotylotes.......................................................................... 6 + + + +4b. A single category of cladotylotes................................................................. + +A. souriei + + + + + + +5a. Cladotylotes I spined.................................................................................. 7 + + + +5b. Cladotylotes I smooth...................................................................... + +A. innominatus + + + + + + + +6a. +Two types +of microscleres (toxas and chelae)............................................................... 8 + + + + +6b. +Three types +of microscleres (toxas, chelae and microxeas).......................................... + +A. microxeatus + + + + + + +7a. Two categories of toxas................................................................................ 9 + + + +7b. Three categories of toxas........................................................................ + +A. toxeata + + + + + + + +8a. Palmate isochelae <21µm (14.4–21µm)........................................................... + +A. nicoleae + + + + + +8b. Palmate isochelae> 21µm (29.2–39.9µm).............................................. + +Acarnus hooperi + + +sp. nov. + + + + + + + +9a. Toxas I (accolada) and II (deeply-curved) present..................................................... + +A. tortilis + + + + + +9b. Toxas II (deeply-curved) and III (oxhorn) present.................................................. + +A. deweerdtae + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file