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<mods:title id="9A81C3053414656498F454B8D3D4525A">A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in North and Central America and the Caribbean</mods:title>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="157330219" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3E657D97531BAC49217F74BC90CC95A6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3E657D97531BAC49217F74BC90CC95A6" lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<treatment id="3E657D97531BAC49217F74BC90CC95A6" ID-GBIF-Taxon="157330219" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3E657D97531BAC49217F74BC90CC95A6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3E657D97531BAC49217F74BC90CC95A6" lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" scope_family="Solanaceae">
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7.
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<taxonomicName LSID="958E3B7E-A5CE-50F3-AE2A-B41BB7547110" authority="Rydb., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31: 641. 1905 [" 1904 "]" authorityName="Rydb., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31: 641. 1905 ["" authorityYear="1904" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum interius" order="Solanales" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interius">
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<taxonomicName id="6D71A951A2AA1A8BA40F252324ABD66F" ID-CoL="6YTG2" LSID="958E3B7E-A5CE-50F3-AE2A-B41BB7547110" authority="Rydb., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31: 641. 1905 [" 1904 "]" authorityName="Rydb., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31: 641. 1905 ["" authorityYear="1904" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum interius" order="Solanales" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interius">
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Solanum interius Rydb., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31: 641. 1905 [
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“1904”">"1904"</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken id="A352650CFAEE7C2176238BE205E4D56D" originalValue="“1904”">"1904"</normalizedToken>
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]
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</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Solanum interius Rydb. A Habit B fruiting habit C bud D flower E dissected flower F mature fruits G dried berry H seed (A-H Wooton 50). Drawing by C. Banks." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/305320" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Figures 21</figureCitation>
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||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Solanum interius Rydb. A Habit B flowering branch C developing fruits D mature fruits (A-C Nee 61350; D RBGE cultivated). Photos by M. Nee and T. Saerkinen." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/305321" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">, 22</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="9A277FA2330126C38C08791B7601DDEA" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Solanum interius Rydb. A Habit B fruiting habit C bud D flower E dissected flower F mature fruits G dried berry H seed (A-H Wooton 50). Drawing by C. Banks." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/305320" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Figures 21</figureCitation>
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||||
<figureCitation id="4507F1090A43DD6485EA82FFA84F1EC6" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Solanum interius Rydb. A Habit B flowering branch C developing fruits D mature fruits (A-C Nee 61350; D RBGE cultivated). Photos by M. Nee and T. Saerkinen." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/305321" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">, 22</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="reference_group">
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||||
<paragraph pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
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<taxonomicName authority="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nigrum var. interius" order="Solanales" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="nigrum" variety="interius">Solanum nigrum L. var. interius</taxonomicName>
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<subSubSection id="7BB6A3DFDFF5641CBD46C31F29E80026" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="1392856C14BDB4FE848A6511CA942896" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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||||
<taxonomicName id="AC0FBA3C05357CDE71F74801E0D1D87F" authority="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nigrum var. interius" order="Solanales" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="nigrum" variety="interius">Solanum nigrum L. var. interius</taxonomicName>
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||||
(Rydb.) F.C.Gates, Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 42: 137. 1940. Type. Based on
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rydb., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31: 641. 1905 ["" authorityYear="1904" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum interius" order="Solanales" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interius">Solanum interius</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="79958D3EFDAF64E47BB321D12887E81A" authorityName="Rydb., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31: 641. 1905 ["" authorityYear="1904" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum interius" order="Solanales" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interius">Solanum interius</taxonomicName>
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||||
Rydb.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Type.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="9E61EA3E412497103B880D304168223B" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="422E6AF12F0DD3E9330DB4B87CB8AA4E" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Type.</paragraph>
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||||
<paragraph id="EE3E494DEE6617465B92E5E650044C1A" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||||
United States of America. Nebraska: Hooker County, on Middle Loup River, near Mullen, 20 Jul 1893,
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||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">P.A. Rydberg 1385</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="3833EC59A58AEABF0B8F0BCBAF47B2D4" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">P.A. Rydberg 1385</emphasis>
|
||||
(lectotype, designated here: NY [NY00138953] isotypes: GH [GH00077424], H [acc. # 1087075], NDG [NDG45091], NEB [NEB-V-0000607], NY [NY00138952], US [US00027625, acc. # 210385; US02828882, acc. # 210353]).
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</paragraph>
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||||
<paragraph pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Description.</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph lastPageId="57" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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||||
<subSubSection id="146A6A35B8F9B6F7573D4674CC56C958" lastPageId="57" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="description">
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||||
<paragraph id="B61A953DE2B0FE0102C1766BEFD99C3B" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F436FB6143E8E576E2D9D870FC5D3184" lastPageId="57" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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Annual herbs to subwoody perennial shrubs up to 1.0 m tall, branching at base. Stems terete to ridged, pale straw colour, sparsely pubescent with simple, appressed, uniseriate (2)4-8-celled trichomes, these ca. 0.6 mm long, the new growth more densely pubescent. Sympodial units difoliate, the leaves not geminate. Leaves simple, 4.5-11.2 cm long, 2.3-6.8 cm wide, ovate to broadly ovate, membranous, green on both sides; adaxial surface sparsely pubescent with appressed translucent, simple, uniseriate trichomes like those on stem scattered along veins and lamina; abaxial surface more densely pubescent with trichomes like those of the upper surface across both lamina and veins; primary veins 4-6 pairs; base attenuate; margins sinuate dentate, especially so up to 2/3 from the base, to occasionally entire; apex acute to acuminate; petiole 0.5-3.5 cm long, pubescent with simple uniseriate trichomes like those of the stems. Inflorescences 2.4-3.5 cm long, lateral, internodal, unbranched or rarely forked, with (2)3-8 flowers clustered near the tips (sub-umbelliform) or less commonly the distal flowers spaced along the rhachis, the lowermost flower distant from the rest, sparsely pubescent with appressed simple uniseriate trichomes like those on stem, rhachis 2-10 mm long when present; peduncle 1.0-2.0 cm long, straight; pedicels 5-8 mm long, 0.3-0.4 mm in diameter at the base and 0.4-0.5 mm in diameter at the apex, spreading, the terminal pedicels articulated at the base, but the lowermost flower with the pedicel articulated
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the basal 1/4 to 1/3; pedicels spaced 0-1.0 mm apart. Buds globose, corolla exserted from the calyx 1/5 to 1/3. Flowers 5-merous, all perfect. Calyx tube 1.0-1.5 mm long, lobes irregularly unequal, the longest 1.7-4.5 mm long, 0.6-0.7 mm wide, lanceolate with acute to acuminate apices, sparsely pubescent with appressed hairs like those on stem but shorter. Corolla 6-12 mm in diameter, stellate, white with a yellow-green central portion near the base, lobed 1/2 to 2/3 to the base, the lobes 4.0-5.0 mm long, 2.0-3.0 mm wide, strongly reflexed at anthesis, later spreading, densely pubescent abaxially with simple uniseriate trichomes like those on stem and leaves but shorter. Stamens equal; filament tube minute; free portion of the filaments 0.7-1.0 mm long, pubescent with tangled uniseriate simple trichomes; anthers 1.8-2.5 mm long, 0.6-0.9 mm wide, ellipsoid, yellow, poricidal at the tips, the pores lengthening to slits with age. Ovary globose, glabrous; style 3.5-4.5 mm long, exserted 0-1 mm beyond anther cone, densely pubescent with 2-3-celled simple uniseriate trichomes along 2/3 from the base; stigma capitate, minutely papillate, green in live plants. Fruit a globose berry, 10-14 mm in diameter, purple-black at maturity, opaque, the surface of the pericarp shiny; fruiting pedicels 6-10 mm long, 0.4-0.6 mm in diameter at the base, 0.6-1.0 mm in diameter at the apex, recurved to reflexed, pedicels spaced 0.5-2.5 mm apart, dropping with mature fruits, occasionally not dropping; fruiting calyx not accrescent, the tube 1.5-2.0 mm long, the lobes (2.0
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<normalizedToken id="32D63D42ECC27914266316990DEA4813" originalValue="–)3.0–">-)3.0-</normalizedToken>
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4.0 mm long with the apices spreading to strongly reflexed in fruit. Seeds 20-40 per berry, 1.8-2.0 mm long, 1.5-1.6 mm wide, flattened and tear-drop shaped with a subapical hilum, yellow, the surfaces minutely pitted, the testal cells pentagonal in outline. Stone cells 2-4, 0.8-1.0 mm in diameter, white or cream coloured. Chromosome number:
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">2n</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="FC7F2CDAB7951FC85FA31FBC33F85180" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">2n</emphasis>
|
||||
=2
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="E0F9ECDC703AC53223AC0A82C3D6BEA2" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
=24 (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1086/282392" author="Heiser, Jr CB" journalOrPublisher="American Naturalist" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="471 - 488" refId="B109" refString="Heiser, Jr CB, Soria, J, Burton, DL, 1965. A numerical taxonomic study of Solanum species and hybrids. American Naturalist 99 (909): 471 - 488, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/282392" title="A numerical taxonomic study of Solanum species and hybrids." url="https://doi.org/10.1086/282392" volume="99" year="1965">Heiser et al. 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F3D2006C585FD845379EA1F29C1F0411" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1086/282392" author="Heiser, Jr CB" journalOrPublisher="American Naturalist" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="471 - 488" refId="B109" refString="Heiser, Jr CB, Soria, J, Burton, DL, 1965. A numerical taxonomic study of Solanum species and hybrids. American Naturalist 99 (909): 471 - 488, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/282392" title="A numerical taxonomic study of Solanum species and hybrids." url="https://doi.org/10.1086/282392" volume="99" year="1965">Heiser et al. 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="3240786" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/305320" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" start="Figure 21" startId="F21">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Figure 21.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rydb., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31: 641. 1905 ["" authorityYear="1904" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum interius" order="Solanales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interius">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Solanum interius</emphasis>
|
||||
<caption id="32C8391DEF6D95A1A0ED460DDA781F49" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3240786" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/305320" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" start="Figure 21" startId="F21">
|
||||
<paragraph id="7E45E2193843540E35DBF3C21884A965" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C68DC7B5CEF45EFC9FC3F145D128CEF9" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Figure 21.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C6BB2FDB058AC6A899F29F29B110F62" authorityName="Rydb., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31: 641. 1905 ["" authorityYear="1904" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum interius" order="Solanales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5F071D95F5685BCDB8621492215B7B7" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Solanum interius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Rydb.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="7FB5B5E48C34E4B545F19D3B345FF4AB" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A</emphasis>
|
||||
Habit
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">B</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="A159A30A98C64F90D05C23A6C107718C" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">B</emphasis>
|
||||
fruiting habit
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">C</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="F7D78F5981A7A90E4BD40D7BA555DDCC" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">C</emphasis>
|
||||
bud
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">D</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="7597E39B506AFB37235FD53B9B2614C3" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">D</emphasis>
|
||||
flower
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">E</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="2D7866E9987DA78B0D9B40809CD87328" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">E</emphasis>
|
||||
dissected flower
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">F</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="7E772F9F1A305DF6147F31CB11C746D1" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">F</emphasis>
|
||||
mature fruits
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">G</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="FC91B6CE3798CB0AEB5A0CCBFCBD19B7" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">G</emphasis>
|
||||
dried berry
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">H</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="AF59C973DC8F5953F19E841550D0C8CE" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">H</emphasis>
|
||||
seed (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A-H</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Wooton 50</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="0D16642493723505B360CC8FED531E84" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A-H</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="6F52BEF46067BC6B32B3BFFD65CE17E2" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Wooton 50</emphasis>
|
||||
). Drawing by C. Banks.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="3240788" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/305321" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" start="Figure 22" startId="F22">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Figure 22.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rydb., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31: 641. 1905 ["" authorityYear="1904" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum interius" order="Solanales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interius">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Solanum interius</emphasis>
|
||||
<caption id="032A1756C628FEDE67EFED5043AB17E9" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3240788" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/305321" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" start="Figure 22" startId="F22">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A692E97140B089382E82B7BAA45F300F" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5138F9B25013CCFFE2CA46938BAA2D20" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Figure 22.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="345EA65F605F3FC66D68C34AD0F97C76" authorityName="Rydb., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31: 641. 1905 ["" authorityYear="1904" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum interius" order="Solanales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A52DA4CC096F3BA3B8AAADB7CAAF9150" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Solanum interius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Rydb.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="9600F7A1873A3034D2D62904769BE5CC" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A</emphasis>
|
||||
Habit
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">B</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="F471DA386144AB666DDF7ECEFEEFB3B9" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">B</emphasis>
|
||||
flowering branch
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">C</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="0AF7898A4369E0DA55563FCA3E77C826" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">C</emphasis>
|
||||
developing fruits
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">D</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="CEB4BCA506F12AB1FBEC2F887A35B208" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">D</emphasis>
|
||||
mature fruits (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A-C</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Nee 61350</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B5BEBDBFAFB5F63B17CC53410794A272" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">A-C</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B297DECB7BC5BC51FBBD849360AC5798" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Nee 61350</emphasis>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">D</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">RBGE cultivated</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="DF81EB799D4945857938E750E810F649" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">D</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="6470F9441C3EDD368054D29DE0D03DA1" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">RBGE cultivated</emphasis>
|
||||
). Photos by M. Nee and T.
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="CCBB7A8E7EE531168780272A079DBF11" originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="8D7D508C90987D700453ABFFF4FC48F3" lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="66CCEBCEC166166E9A0E9BF1E02D4D7F" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="D7705334ECCA933E21680CEB24F15FFD" lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||||
(Figure
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Distribution of Solanum interius Rydb." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/305322" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">23</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="C876E35CEBFEABA50105F9E28AF8B828" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Distribution of Solanum interius Rydb." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/305322" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">23</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rydb., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31: 641. 1905 ["" authorityYear="1904" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum interius" order="Solanales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interius">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Solanum interius</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0119555D784C149C91C36479B3887BC4" authorityName="Rydb., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31: 641. 1905 ["" authorityYear="1904" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum interius" order="Solanales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="9E2A0DB143D5EDCC426A99DFD9FE4162" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Solanum interius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is endemic to North America, and the most common species of morelloid in the Great Plains. It is less common west of the Rocky Mountains, and although it does extend to Arizona and western New Mexico,
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. interius" order="Solanales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="interius">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="58" pageNumber="59" start="start">S</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F4F65DFA2A9AB5307A530FADB925CFB6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. interius" order="Solanales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C5EB0F1C8DEB343A6C5E0A0AA54F6E86" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="0AD96E8C61062AB0BC48D1F5FCF2A8B1" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" start="start">S</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
. interius
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
does not occur on the Gulf Coast where it is replaced by
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. nigrescens" order="Solanales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">S. nigrescens</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="557847E3376E60F143B853F0BAA9E052" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. nigrescens" order="Solanales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
|
||||
<emphasis id="9FBBB78EE571C83635D1FA12B9EF8336" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">S. nigrescens</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Records of
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. interius" order="Solanales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="interius">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">S. interius</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3125867C862F702CC81FD340B44C6A4A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. interius" order="Solanales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8B3E7E211CAF1AE023328C42744EC928" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">S. interius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
for Canada (Saskatchewan,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Harms, VL" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Botany" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" refId="B103" refString="Harms, VL, 2006. Annotated catalogue of Saskatchewan vascular plants. Published by the author, Saskatoon." title="Annotated catalogue of Saskatchewan vascular plants. Published by the author, Saskatoon." year="2006">Harms 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E9F6D5C1ECD8DFF65CA95070A1F0E471" author="Harms, VL" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Botany" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" refId="B103" refString="Harms, VL, 2006. Annotated catalogue of Saskatchewan vascular plants. Published by the author, Saskatoon." title="Annotated catalogue of Saskatchewan vascular plants. Published by the author, Saskatoon." year="2006">Harms 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) have not been verified with voucher specimens, although it is to be expected there. Specimens annotated by Harms as
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. interius" order="Solanales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="interius">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">S. interius</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D078554C2E6A95DD243058960C811D21" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. interius" order="Solanales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FDF218D51C7C77CCDB95620BBF93C7CF" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">S. interius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in SASK are of
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. emulans" order="Solanales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="emulans">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">S. emulans</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CB487CDCB7CCA044851D792E0FED331F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. emulans" order="Solanales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="emulans">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A20C2453E82711C30475E4BD3B6172A9" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">S. emulans</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(e.g.,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Child s.n.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="E370EDDBEC5CA4A5AEC0C272951A79A7" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Child s.n.</emphasis>
|
||||
, collected 29 July 1941)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="3240790" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/305322" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" start="Figure 23" startId="F23">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Figure 23.</emphasis>
|
||||
<caption id="4D9F0BB4B3339DE9054347D15773E317" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3240790" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/305322" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" start="Figure 23" startId="F23">
|
||||
<paragraph id="845F7326E0977C80B337D2C20AC8E000" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D86306F557036A19396A622E0758DEDA" bold="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Figure 23.</emphasis>
|
||||
Distribution of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rydb., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31: 641. 1905 ["" authorityYear="1904" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum interius" order="Solanales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interius">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Solanum interius</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="236E7E07275076F31C432A8EA8141F96" authorityName="Rydb., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31: 641. 1905 ["" authorityYear="1904" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum interius" order="Solanales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA37E95A45A22258ABC2889AD716CF1C" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Solanum interius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Rydb.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rydb., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31: 641. 1905 ["" authorityYear="1904" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum interius" order="Solanales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interius">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Solanum interius</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B9A2CB75020F8D2D0129AAB11424B14D" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B68ECEF2C0315B74A263177C850FFA67" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="2A1DCC9AEAC4705486A7B39D3DDDD92B" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4641EFA5E70C3DB5C4EEE0FE61D495C5" authorityName="Rydb., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31: 641. 1905 ["" authorityYear="1904" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum interius" order="Solanales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A47AD1B2D4973929F5A07D52A8C06288" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Solanum interius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is found in open habitats in sand hills and low forest, often in shade under trees between (100-)500 to 2,500 m elevation.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="common names">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Common names.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="100F383A9D2C219E7D30F09CAC6A9DF1" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="common names">
|
||||
<paragraph id="4F6BBF549880FAB357A8D8300D3DC8B6" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Common names.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="2EBF0715B90AE8349C592F134A9EF2A3" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||||
United States of America. Deadly nightshade (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="USDA Plants" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany Monographs" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" publicationUrl="http://plants.usda.gov" refId="B181" refString="USDA Plants, 2017. USDA- NCRS The PLANTS Database National Plant Data Team, Greensboro [http://plants.usda.gov" title="USDA- NCRS The PLANTS Database National Plant Data Team, Greensboro [" url="http://plants.usda.gov" year="2017">USDA Plants 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="10F1B0D7962BDB421D06C10E13D06FBB" author="USDA Plants" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany Monographs" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" publicationUrl="http://plants.usda.gov" refId="B181" refString="USDA Plants, 2017. USDA- NCRS The PLANTS Database National Plant Data Team, Greensboro [http://plants.usda.gov" title="USDA- NCRS The PLANTS Database National Plant Data Team, Greensboro [" url="http://plants.usda.gov" year="2017">USDA Plants 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), Inland nightshade, Plains black nightshade, morelle de
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="l’interieur">l'interieur</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="A12D26F9C0B0D64BCCBA0DB3B0231564" originalValue="l’interieur">l'interieur</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="NatureServe" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Journal of Botany" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" publicationUrl="http://explorer.matureserve.org" refId="B169" refString="NatureServe, 2017. NatureServe Explorer. An online encyclopedia of life [web application] Version 7.1. NatureServe, Arlington [available http://explorer.matureserve.org" title="NatureServe Explorer. An online encyclopedia of life [web application] Version 7.1. NatureServe, Arlington [available" url="http://explorer.matureserve.org" year="2017">NatureServe 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="38DF62BBA631814B81758C96BD904659" author="NatureServe" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Journal of Botany" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" publicationUrl="http://explorer.matureserve.org" refId="B169" refString="NatureServe, 2017. NatureServe Explorer. An online encyclopedia of life [web application] Version 7.1. NatureServe, Arlington [available http://explorer.matureserve.org" title="NatureServe Explorer. An online encyclopedia of life [web application] Version 7.1. NatureServe, Arlington [available" url="http://explorer.matureserve.org" year="2017">NatureServe 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), Yerba mora negra (New Mexico,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Hill 14851</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="819DF74A8EAD81753E6E66A1BB52FBF0" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Hill 14851</emphasis>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="uses">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Uses.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="4864FBEE78BAF36E75F65AAA5AA5A1DC" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="uses">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C5A9A96388A459A7D6C451AB4A767B77" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Uses.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E3D7E005B29BD697B53F2822EAC16E4B" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||||
None recorded on herbarium labels;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Heiser, CB" journalOrPublisher="Ciencia y Naturaleza" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" refId="B107" refString="Heiser, CB, 1969. Nightshades, the paradoxical plants. WH Freeman, San Francisco." title="Nightshades, the paradoxical plants. WH Freeman, San Francisco." year="1969">Heiser (1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0C10815A9D2D511653EFDC835962EBA2" author="Heiser, CB" journalOrPublisher="Ciencia y Naturaleza" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" refId="B107" refString="Heiser, CB, 1969. Nightshades, the paradoxical plants. WH Freeman, San Francisco." title="Nightshades, the paradoxical plants. WH Freeman, San Francisco." year="1969">Heiser (1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
; quoting Charles Bessey) quotes "a young man from Fort Dodge, Iowa spoke up and said that the people in his neighbourhood made them [berries of "
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. nigrum" order="Solanales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="nigrum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">S. nigrum</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E3C6AF999F82F06A766216D773264466" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. nigrum" order="Solanales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigrum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8C91FB8E6843BAFABCEFB7449F4998EB" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">S. nigrum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
"] into pies, preserves, etc. and ate freely of them." Bessey (quoted in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Heiser, CB" journalOrPublisher="Ciencia y Naturaleza" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" refId="B107" refString="Heiser, CB, 1969. Nightshades, the paradoxical plants. WH Freeman, San Francisco." title="Nightshades, the paradoxical plants. WH Freeman, San Francisco." year="1969">Heiser 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="94C432F4CDEEEB53339E7822BDCE8346" author="Heiser, CB" journalOrPublisher="Ciencia y Naturaleza" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" refId="B107" refString="Heiser, CB, 1969. Nightshades, the paradoxical plants. WH Freeman, San Francisco." title="Nightshades, the paradoxical plants. WH Freeman, San Francisco." year="1969">Heiser 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) went on to say that later he found that in central and western Iowa nightshades were indeed eaten; it is possible these were the berries of
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. interius" order="Solanales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="interius">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">S. interius</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A29DFD6DE0E6A712E2D3473C07893E12" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. interius" order="Solanales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E34F360670915569B2A7223F8F44B330" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">S. interius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="preliminary conservation status (iucn 2017)">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="24FEF54ACFF5CC2BA94C1740BDE05042" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="preliminary conservation status (iucn 2017)">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C7A966B7B47812F693C65FBADF85C86E" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||||
Preliminary conservation status (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="Alaska Park Science" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B115" refString="IUCN, 2017. Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 13. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" title="Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 13. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee." url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2017">IUCN 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D84C4F85D5E963966B843F7457C38F6E" author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="Alaska Park Science" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B115" refString="IUCN, 2017. Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 13. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" title="Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 13. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee." url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2017">IUCN 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C661A88C174014526FFBE03AE5FA3A94" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||||
Least Concern (LC).
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rydb., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31: 641. 1905 ["" authorityYear="1904" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum interius" order="Solanales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interius">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Solanum interius</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="38E2DA405DBD5AE092CDAEF44103944F" authorityName="Rydb., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31: 641. 1905 ["" authorityYear="1904" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum interius" order="Solanales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CFC6A2B91D0100763DE8A1DE18EC5E8F" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Solanum interius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is widespread through the Great Plains region in the United States of America. For EOO see Table
|
||||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 6" captionStartId="T6" captionText="Table 6. Preliminary conservation assessments for morelloid species from the Caribbean and North and Central America. For details see Materials and Methods and individual species treatments. Preliminary assessments are based on EOO only (see Materials and Methods) and have been calculated for worldwide ranges for each species. The EOO and conservation status of species known to be solely cultivated, introduced or adventive in the region has been assessed in Saerkinen et al. (2018)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C3922CEBD29B29D2373D9CB546F06573" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" tableUuid="C3922CEBD29B29D2373D9CB546F06573">6</tableCitation>
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C18C923345B856D027BD1AE882795D6A" captionStart="Table 6" captionStartId="T6" captionText="Table 6. Preliminary conservation assessments for morelloid species from the Caribbean and North and Central America. For details see Materials and Methods and individual species treatments. Preliminary assessments are based on EOO only (see Materials and Methods) and have been calculated for worldwide ranges for each species. The EOO and conservation status of species known to be solely cultivated, introduced or adventive in the region has been assessed in Saerkinen et al. (2018)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C3922CEBD29B29D2373D9CB546F06573" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" tableUuid="C3922CEBD29B29D2373D9CB546F06573">6</tableCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rydb., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31: 641. 1905 ["" authorityYear="1904" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum interius" order="Solanales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interius">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Solanum interius</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="BC709430FD54091D28DF1E3650BBA288" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="99F87D1F6BF2F30A6E3ECEE1023C8128" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B48C75B4D8B2F0211AE06CC073B17F6" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9A7421E879804811C9A1E1B454B2CC1A" authorityName="Rydb., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31: 641. 1905 ["" authorityYear="1904" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum interius" order="Solanales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C759DFC0A8F785298968F63A13264C46" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Solanum interius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
can be distinguished from other North American morelloids by its inflorescence with apparently uneven branches, one with several flowers and the other apparently with a single flower that is actually the basal flower with the articulation ca. 1/4 to 1/3 of the way up the pedicel, very like the pedicel articulation in wild potatoes. Other distinguishing features to be used in combination with this are the medium-sized anthers 1.8-2.5 mm long and relatively long rectangular calyx lobes with rounded apices.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nigrescens" order="Solanales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Solanum nigrescens</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="850D878DD50AD8508DDC332AE2437687" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nigrescens" order="Solanales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
|
||||
<emphasis id="581837488BB7734666CDA572DE49C095" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Solanum nigrescens</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has more regularly spaced flowers, occasionally branched inflorescences with more than one flower per branch and is more common along the Gulf Coast but distinguishing the two species without locality information can be difficult. The seeds of
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. interius" order="Solanales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="interius">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">S. interius</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="803298244AE66B54984CDA2688A133A1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. interius" order="Solanales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F959D5C025788A111D628679CA56A18B" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">S. interius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are much larger than those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. nigrescens" order="Solanales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">S. nigrescens</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D1B3B2FA4137E4C8D525F01C4D3C065B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. nigrescens" order="Solanales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
|
||||
<emphasis id="87919944D7595245AE8C9B3FE710C76D" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">S. nigrescens</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(1.8-2 mm versus 1.2-1.5 mm long) or any other of the diploid morelloids occurring in the area. Stone cell number can also be used as a distinguishing character;
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. interius" order="Solanales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="interius">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">S. interius</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="18769D6822D6A96D134D775CE92253BB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. interius" order="Solanales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C76126325423B013E304A66DC4BC07D7" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">S. interius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has 2-4 stone cells in each berry while
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. nigrescens" order="Solanales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">S. nigrescens</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E9E96FEA6E4C6287B64A9BD2F659C6DE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. nigrescens" order="Solanales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BFD2A14139603BD1C7392D284C532F09" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">S. nigrescens</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has more than 6 and often as many as 12.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rydb., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31: 641. 1905 ["" authorityYear="1904" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum interius" order="Solanales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interius">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Solanum interius</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="94A4CD818934DCEC7FE3B49B7C21AF0A" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BFC8F5092F5E0269996D2A0707B0F7F8" authorityName="Rydb., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31: 641. 1905 ["" authorityYear="1904" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum interius" order="Solanales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8D5EDCED7BFDA5F0B10CD993FA5EFB45" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Solanum interius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is sympatric with
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. emulans" order="Solanales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="emulans">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">S. emulans</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="93A063E7D95E31EC78CD82267558E23E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. emulans" order="Solanales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="emulans">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F9F7D426ED8A593CD5699CD5063D4BB9" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">S. emulans</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and can be distinguished from that species in its longer anthers (1.8-2.5 mm long versus 1.5-1.8 mm long), its rounded calyx lobe apices, and its larger berries (10-14 mm in diameter versus 6-8 mm in diameter) with larger seeds (1.8-2.0 mm long versus 1.6-1.8 mm long). The flowers of
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. emulans" order="Solanales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="emulans">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">S. emulans</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B998EC5B03ED4E54EB5C9A2A6A3DBB9B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. emulans" order="Solanales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="emulans">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0AE81500E39EA599AB4B42C372B39085" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">S. emulans</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are usually smaller than those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. interius" order="Solanales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="interius">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">S. interius</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="89917CA1326D9FE7CB338109C6277916" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. interius" order="Solanales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5951846F142F2B14E34563284F93B194" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">S. interius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Nee (on label of
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Nee 61337</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="AF3D54510C7ACA1CB5CA8D64A3CF497D" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Nee 61337</emphasis>
|
||||
) says that living plants of the two species are quite distinct, and that
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. interius" order="Solanales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="interius">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">S. interius</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0ED26EBA8999916522881798001F1D62" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. interius" order="Solanales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="274707D32D2316AD394AE08E27549B22" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">S. interius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is a perennial growing in the shade of single trees.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||||
<paragraph id="0E64099562B2B4D1F10CD3E4AA7834B0" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||||
In describing
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. interius" order="Solanales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="interius">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">S. interius</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="164620262105BD97B2264C52BABF8A77" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. interius" order="Solanales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="1668DEAD4420929CA1F0B7895448DF4D" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">S. interius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2478653" author="Rydberg, PA" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="631 - 655" refId="B198" refString="Rydberg, PA, 1905. ["1904"]) Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora - XIII. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 31 (12): 631 - 655, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2478653" title="[" 1904 "]) Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora - XIII." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2478653" volume="31" year="1905">Rydberg (1905)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="327AFEF47BFFAA0AC2ACE35C89EFF588" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2478653" author="Rydberg, PA" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="631 - 655" refId="B198" refString="Rydberg, PA, 1905. ["1904"]) Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora - XIII. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 31 (12): 631 - 655, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2478653" title="[" 1904 "]) Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora - XIII." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2478653" volume="31" year="1905">Rydberg (1905)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
cited a collection but no herbarium. We have selected the sheet in the herbarium (NY) where he worked (NY00138953) that is annotated
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Type”">"Type"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="95E31A4C6BEC3ECC15D398BD62B484AC" originalValue="“Type”">"Type"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
as the lectotype of this species following best practice as described in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.12705/635.7" author="McNeill, J" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" pagination="1112 - 1113" refId="B157" refString="McNeill, J, 2014. Holotype specimens and type citations: General issues. Taxon 63 (5): 1112 - 1113, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12705/635.7" title="Holotype specimens and type citations: General issues." url="https://doi.org/10.12705/635.7" volume="63" year="2014">McNeill (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C7D46733C717F0D09DE5E87C00C39AFF" DOI="https://doi.org/10.12705/635.7" author="McNeill, J" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" pagination="1112 - 1113" refId="B157" refString="McNeill, J, 2014. Holotype specimens and type citations: General issues. Taxon 63 (5): 1112 - 1113, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12705/635.7" title="Holotype specimens and type citations: General issues." url="https://doi.org/10.12705/635.7" volume="63" year="2014">McNeill (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="58" pageNumber="59">See Suppl. materials 1 and 3.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C451AD35C063A3936C1D01D8BAE20227" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="D5FEC42DF48099E90ABB031C6AE5321F" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E1140765D46A2C4395D8EC6F28D22776" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">See Suppl. materials 1 and 3.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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