From 958c57f035dfd682f4e938e2f81f9d60b11b44d1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ggserver Date: Fri, 30 May 2025 12:47:43 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Add updates up until 2025-05-30 12:42:35 --- .../87/03B98784BE65DD4701D5D82E8DA5FD3B.xml | 989 ++++++++++++ .../87/03B98784BE6BDD58014BDAA38AD3F971.xml | 1422 +++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 2411 insertions(+) create mode 100644 data/03/B9/87/03B98784BE65DD4701D5D82E8DA5FD3B.xml create mode 100644 data/03/B9/87/03B98784BE6BDD58014BDAA38AD3F971.xml diff --git a/data/03/B9/87/03B98784BE65DD4701D5D82E8DA5FD3B.xml b/data/03/B9/87/03B98784BE65DD4701D5D82E8DA5FD3B.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..96794bf9c0e --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B9/87/03B98784BE65DD4701D5D82E8DA5FD3B.xml @@ -0,0 +1,989 @@ + + + +Two new species of Neoplecostomus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from high altitudes of the upper rio Paraná basin, Brazil + + + +Author + +Uzeda, Pedro L. C. +Laboratório de Ecologia de Peixes, Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Trevo Rotatório Professor Edmir Sá Santos, s / n, 37203 - 202 Lavras, MG, Brazil +pedro.lc.uzeda@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Paiola, Isabel +Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista “ Júlio de Mesquita Filho ”, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054 - 000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil +isabel.p.goncalves@unesp.br + + + +Author + +Cesar, Poliana S. +Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista “ Júlio de Mesquita Filho ”, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054 - 000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil +poliana.siqueira@unesp.br + + + +Author + +Okubo, Vitor Kenzo N. +Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista “ Júlio de Mesquita Filho ”, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054 - 000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil +vitor.kenzo@unesp.br + + + +Author + +Marques-Frisoni, Wellington J. +Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista “ Júlio de Mesquita Filho ”, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054 - 000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil. +wellington.m.frisoni@unesp.br + + + +Author + +Andrade, Breno N. +Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista “ Júlio de Mesquita Filho ”, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054 - 000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil +nevesandrades@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Langeani, Francisco +Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista “ Júlio de Mesquita Filho ”, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054 - 000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil +francisco.langeani@unesp.br + +text + + +Neotropical Ichthyology + + +2024 + +e 240021 + + +2024-12-06 + + +22 + + +4 + + +25 +25 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2024-0021 + +journal article +10.1590/1982-0224-2024-0021 +1982-0224 +14682567 +6E473982-C359-4EFE-B366-AE1498CC8C8C + + + + + + +Neoplecostomus altimontanus + +, +new species + + + + + + +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: +BD8EC52A-FBE3-47BD-BA8D-4CD1D62B22CE + + + +( +Figs. 1–7 +; +Tab. 1 +) + + + + + + +Holotype +. + +DZSJRP 24792 +, +male +, +90.2 mm +SL, +Brazil +, +Minas Gerais +, +Itamonte +, +rio Grande +sub-basin, +rio Sapucaí +drainage, +rio Capivari +at +Engenho da Serra district +, +22º21’04.38”S +44º47’11.66”W +, + +1.357 m +a.s.l. + +, + +12 Aug 2023 + +, +P. L. C. Uzeda +& +L. Sartori. + + + + + +Paratypes +. + +All from +Brazil +, +Minas Gerais +, +Itamonte +, +rio Grande +sub-basin, +rio Sapucaí +drainage, +rio Verde +microbasin. +Rio Capivari +, affluent to +rio Verde +: +CI-UFLA +1785 +, +2 +, +71.4–76.8 mm +SL, + + +DZSJRP 24793 +, +5 +, +52.5–93.2 mm +SL (1 c&s, +85.5 mm +SL), collected with the holotype. + + +Instituto Alto-Montana da Serra Fina +, +Albert Heilmann +waterfall at +Córrego Pinhão Assado +. +CI-UFLA +2176 +, +35 +, 25 unmeasured, 10, +51.1–88.6 mm +SL, + + +DZSJRP 24794 +, +17 +, +54.8–93.5 mm +SL, +22º21’22.21”S +44º47’50.73”W +, + +1.427 m +a.s.l. + +, + +Dec 2010 + +, +P. Pompeu +, +R. Loures +, +N. Tadini +& +C. Gandini + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. + +Neoplecostomus altimontanus + +differs from all congeners, except + +N. bandeirante + +and + +Neoplecostomus + +sp. n. +(described below), by having the exposed area of the first plates of mid-ventral and ventral series narrower than the naked area surrounding each plate ( +vs. +all other congeners with exposed area of first plates of mid-ventral and ventral series equal to or wider than the naked area surrounding each plate) ( +Fig. 2 +). Furthermore, the new species differs from all congeners, except + +N. jaguari + +, + +N. langeanii + +, and +N. +sp. n., by presenting sexual dimorphism in dentition, with males having more robust and fewer teeth compared to females ( +Fig. 3 +) ( +vs. +tooth morphology and number similar in both sexes in all other congeners). Additionally, + +N. altimontanus + +differs from + +N. bandeirante + +by the absence of azygous pre-adipose plates ( +vs. +presence); from + +N. jaguari + +by having one or two posteronasal plates ( +vs. +5–7); from + +N. langeanii + +by the presence of an extra canal-bearing plate between supraopercle and dorsal opening of preopercular canal ( +Fig. 4 +) ( +vs. +extra canal-bearing plate absent). + + + +Neoplecostomus altimontanus + +is most similar to + +Neoplecostomus + +sp. n. +, from which differs by having conspicuous dark spots over body and fins ( +vs. +transverse light bars); presence of slightly hypertrophied odontodes on the posterior portion of the plates of dorsal, mid-dorsal, median and mid-ventral series, resembling discontinuous keels on caudal peduncle ( +vs. +odontodes on caudal-peduncle plates roughly equal in size; caudal-peduncle surface smooth and rounded in cross-section) ( +Fig. 5 +); well-developed adipose fin, extending over four or five dorsal plates, usually five ( +vs. +reduced adipose fin, extending over three or four plates, usually three) ( +Fig. 5 +); absence of a lateronasal plate ( +vs. +lateronasal plate present) ( +Fig. 6 +); smaller nares (nare length 3.0–9.0% +vs. +9.9–14.1% of HL); and by the higher premaxillary (31–42, modally 35 +vs. +24–33, modally 26) and dentary (31–40, modally 31 +vs. +22–31, modally 26) teeth counts in females. + + + + + +FIGURE 1 | + +Neoplecostomus altimontanus + + +, holotype, DZSJRP 24792, male, 90.2 mm SL, Itamonte, rio Capivari, rio Sapucaí drainage, rio Grande sub-basin, upper rio Paraná basin. Dorsal, lateral, and ventral views. + + + + +Description. +Measurements and counts in +Tab. 1 +. Body elongated and depressed. Greatest width at anterior portion of cleithrum, gradually narrowing towards caudal peduncle. Dorsal profile of body slightly convex, rising from snout tip to dorsal-fin origin, descending to procurrent rays of caudal fin. Body deepest at dorsal-fin origin. Trunk rounded and caudal peduncle polygonal in cross-section. Ventral profile depressed to origin of anal fin, slightly rounded to caudal fin. + + + +FIGURE 2 | +Lateral series of plates, left view. + +A. + +Neoplecostomus bandeirante + + +, paratype, DZSJRP 14881, male, 95.9 mm SL. + +B. + +N. altimontanus + + +, paratype, DZSJRP 24793, female, 93.2 mm SL. + +C. +N. + +sp.n., paratype, DZSJRP 14877, male, 84.7 mm SL. + +D. + +N. botucatu + + +, paratype, DZSJRP 14879, male, 80.2 mm SL. MV = midventral series; V = ventral series. Scale bars = 1 mm. + + + + +FIGURE 3 | +Sexual dimorphism in dentition of + +Neoplecostomus altimontanus + +, also present in +N. +sp.n. +A. +Holotype, DZSJRP 24792, 90.2 mm SL, male with robust and few teeth. +B. +Paratype, DZSJRP 24793, 93.2 mm SL, female with slender and numerous teeth. Scale bar = 5 mm. + + + + +FIGURE 4 | +Schematic view of left opercular series. + +A. + +Neoplecostomus altimontanus + + +, paratype, CI-UFLA 2176, male, 88.6 mm SL. + +B. +N. + +sp.n., paratype, DZSJRP 20586, female, 86.7 mm SL. +C. + +N. paranensis +, CIUFLA + +3186, male, 72.6 mm SL. Osteological and sensorial structures are represented as: cl (posterior process of cleithrum); cp (cheek plate); cpt (compound pterotic); exp (extra canal-bearing plate); op (opercle); po1–3 (postotic pores 1–3); pop (preopercle); pm1–5 (preoperculomandibular pores 1–5); socp (subocular cheek plate), and sop (supraopercle). Scale bars = 5 mm. + + +Body entirely covered with bony plates, except around dorsal-fin origin, ventral surface of head, lateral portion of trunk between pectoral and pelvic-fin base, and around ventral shield. Presence of minute keels on dorsal, mid-dorsal, lateral, and mid-ventral series of plates; exposed area of first plates on mid-ventral and ventral series narrower than naked areas surrounding each plate. Abdomen with small plates covered with odontodes, arranged into pentagonal to hexagonal shield between pectoral- and pelvic-fin origins. +Head broad and rounded. Snout tip naked, without bony plates. Lateral margins of head and snout lacking hypertrophied odontodes and swollen skin. Interorbital region slightly convex in frontal view. Eyes dorsolaterally located and moderate sized. Head naked ventrally, except for cheek plate, not divided and with mesial projection. Extra canal-bearing plate between supraopercle and compound pterotic. Lips moderately developed and rounded; posterior margin of lower lip slightly convex, reaching or almost reaching pectoral girdle. Lower lip covered with small rounded papillae; two or three series of hypertrophied papillae immediately posterior to dentary teeth. Dentary rami angled towards each other at about 110º–115º. Maxillary barbel poorly developed, entirely coalesced to lower lip. All teeth bicuspid e copper colored; lateral cusp smaller than mesial cusp. + + +FIGURE 5 | +Caudal peduncle and adipose fin, left view. + +A. + +Neoplecostomus altimontanus + + +, holotype, DZSJRP 24792, male, 90.2 mm SL. + +B. + +N. bandeirante + + +, paratype, DZSJRP 14881, male, 95.9 mm SL. + +C. +N. + +sp.n., paratype, DZSJRP 13944, male, 76.3 mm SL. +D. + +N. microps +, DZSJRP + +13913, male, 90.2 mm SL. White arrows indicate the slightly hypertrophied odontodes on caudal-peduncle plates, resembling discontinuous keels. Scale bars = 1 mm. + + + + +FIGURE 6 | +Dorsal view of left infraorbital series, anterior to top. + +A. + +Neoplecostomus + + +sp.n. +, paratype, MNRJ 23963, male, 55.8 mm SL; + +B. + +N. altimontanus + + +, paratype, DZSJRP 24793, male, 85.5 mm SL. Infraorbital 2 (io2); infraorbital 3 (io3); lateronasal plate (pl). Black dots delimit the infraorbitals; white dots delimit the lateronasal plate. Scale bars = 1 mm. + + + + +TABLE 1 | +Morphometric data and counts for the holotype and 27 paratypes of + +Neoplecostomus altimontanus + +. M = male, F = female. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
HolotypeRangeMean +SD +
Standard length (mm)90.252.5–93.577.611.1
+Percents of standard length +
Predorsal length42.942.8–47.744.71.2
Head length30.930.0–34.432.51.0
Head width28.325.9–29.827.81.1
Cleithrum width27.725.8–29.928.00.8
Occipital-dorsal distance11.89.6–14.812.21.2
Thoraxic length16.313.9–18.216.11.1
Interdorsal length19.017.6–22.520.01.5
Caudal-peduncle length29.425.4–31.728.81.6
Caudal-peduncle depth7.26.3–8.17.00.4
Body depth18.116.8–22.118.81.3
Preanal length62.460.8–66.463.31.3
Adipose-fin length9.87.2–10.99.40.9
+Percents of head length +
Head width91.880.0–93.285.63.5
Head depth53.242.3–59.049.43.9
Snout length64.660.3–67.464.11.5
Orbital diameter8.37.2–9.28.10.6
Interorbital distance32.628.3–35.731.81.6
Mandibular width17.112.5–23.418.72.3
Lower-lip width53.045.7–74.563.47.3
Lower-lip length20.012.9–30.320.64.2
Nare length3.63.0–9.04.51.3
Nare width3.02.6–4.93.30.6
Anal-fin length53.949.0–58.654.32.6
+Other percents +
Interorbital distance/orbital diameter28.221.9–29.525.62.3
Predorsal length/dorsal-fin spine length44.635.9–49.644.73.1
Pelvic-fin spine length/caudal peduncle depth32.526.1–33.529.42.1
Lower caudal-fin unbr. ray/caudal peduncle depth32.324.5–32.328.82.2
CountsHolotypeRangeMode +SD +
Dorsal plates2726–30291.0
Mid-dorsal plates2524–29251.3
Median plates2825–33292.0
Mid-ventral plates2624–29261.3
Ventral plates2518–29242.0
Predorsal plates54–660.6
Plates at dorsal-fin base55–760.6
Plates between dorsal and caudal1716–18170.6
Plates between adipose and caudal65–760.5
Plates between anal and caudal1111–14120.8
Plates below adipose fin44–550.5
Premaxillary teeth (M)1717–22171.7
Dentary teeth (M)1612–19161.8
Premaxillary teeth (F)–31–42354.2
Dentary teeth (F)–31–40313.6
+ +Dorsal fin ii,7, originating slightly posterior to vertical through pelvic-fin origin. Spinelet always present and larger than base of unbranched ray; locking mechanism not functional. Posterior margin straight and roughly emarginate, reaching vertical through anal-fin origin when adpressed. Adipose fin well developed, extending over four or five dorsal plates; preadipose azygous plates absent; adipose-fin spine homogeneously covered with odontodes. Pectoral fin i,6; unbranched ray dorsoventrally depressed, curved posteriorly and shorter than first branched ray; posterior margin straight, surpassing first third of pelvic fin when adpressed. Pelvic fin i,5; unbranched ray slightly curved inwards; ventral surface flattened and covered with spatulate odontodes. Anal fin i,5; unbranched ray covered with small odontodes, except for naked area on anterior surface; posterior margin straight. Caudal fin i,7,7,i; inferior lobe longer than superior lobe; posterior margin concave. +Supraorbital sensory canal with four pores; pore s1 at anteromesial margin of anterior nare; pore s3 at posteromesial margin of posterior nare; pore s6+s6 at interorbital region, approximately near middle of eye length in transverse line; pore s8 located posteromesially to eye, longitudinally aligned to nares. Infraorbital sensory canal with six pores; pore io1 at anterior margin of first infraorbital; pore io2 between posterior margin of first infraorbital and anterior margin of second infraorbital; pore io3 between second and third infraorbitals; pore io4 between third and fourth infraorbitals; io5 between fourth and fifth infraorbitals; io6 between superior margin of fifth infraorbital and inferior margin of sphenotic. Preoperculomandibular sensory canal with four pores; pore pm1 on ventral margin of cheek plate, pore pm2 between superior margin of cheek plate and inferior margin of preopercle; pore pm3 between superior margin of preopercle, and inferior margin of supraopercle; pore pm5+po1 rising on surface of extra canal-bearing plate. Three postotic sensory pores; pore po1 fused to pore pm5; pore po2 above branchial slit, and pore po3 on skin overlying opening of swim-bladder capsule. + +Coloration in alcohol. +Coloration variable; body normally covered with dark spots bigger than eye diameter and fainted vermiculations over brownish to grayish background (see Discussion for comments on coloration patterns). Dark spots over fin rays, forming three to four diffuse bars; interradial membranes hyaline in life ( +Fig. 7 +). Juveniles present four conspicuous transverse light bars on dorsal region of body, located at predorsal region, dorsal-fin base, region between dorsal and adipose fin, and between adipose and caudal fin. Coloration in alcohol similar to that in life, but with slightly less contrasting patterns. + + + +FIGURE 7 | +Live specimen of + +Neoplecostomus altimontanus +, DZSJRP + +24793, paratype, male. + + + +Sexual dimorphism. +Males have a urogenital papilla posterior to anal opening and a skin flap along the dorsal surface of unbranched pelvic-fin ray (both absent in females). Additionally, males have teeth short, robust and fewer in number (17–22 premaxillary and 12–19 dentary teeth) compared to females, which have slender and more numerous teeth (31–42 premaxillary and 31–40 dentary teeth). + + + + +Geographical distribution. +The new species is known from two streams on the northern slope of +Serra da Mantiqueira +, southeastern +Brazil +. These two streams are located in the +rio Capivari +within +rio Verde +microbasin, affluent to +rio Sapucaí +, +rio Grande +sub-basin, upper rio Paraná basin. The headwaters of +rio Sapucaí +are separated from those of the rio Paraíba do Sul basin by Serra +da Mantiqueira +, and the localities of + +N. altimontanus + +are situated approximately four kilometers from the latter basin ( +Fig. 8 +). + + + + +Ecological notes. + +Neoplecostomus altimontanus + +is found in environments typically inhabited by members of Neoplecostomini: streams with shallow depth (< +1 m +), crystal clear water, high flow, low temperature and high oxygen levels. Specimens were more frequently captured at the portions with highest water flow, where small waterfalls are formed. The two streams where the species is known to occur have relatively high slope and drain valleys on the foothill of Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, at altitudes between 1.300 and +1.500 m +above sea level, and are mainly composed of big boulders with sandy substrate. The localities mostly presented pristine riparian covering of upper montane Atlantic Forest, with high abundance of Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, and +Orchidaceae +associated to trees and exposed stones ( +Fig. 9 +). The aforementioned features make the streams to receive few moments of direct sunlight during the day. The only sympatric species found with + +N. altimontanus + +at the two localities was + +Trichomycterus +( +Paracambeva +) + +sp. The invasive rainbow trout, + +Oncorhynchus mykiss +(Walbaum, 1792) + +, was also found in the type-locality, probably due to the high density of trout farms implemented along Serra da Mantiqueira. + + + + +FIGURE 8 | +Distribution map of the new species of + +Neoplecostomus + +. Stars represent the localities of + +N. altimontanus + +and circles represent the localities of +N. +sp.n. Full symbols indicate the locality of each holotype. The white dashed line represents the limits between Paraná and neighboring basins, shown as SF (São Francisco basin) and PS (Paraíba do Sul basin). + + + + +Etymology. +The specific epithet “altimontanus” is given in reference to the Upper Montane Atlantic Forest (Mata Atlântica Alto-Montana in Portuguese), a vegetation +type +only found in few mountain ranges above +1.000 m +a.s.l. in south and southeastern +Brazil +. This vegetation +type +is known for sheltering several water springs across drainages in Brazilian Crystaline Shield, especially affluents of the upper rio +Paraná +. Due to its restrict geographical distribution and highly specialized ecological conditions, the Upper Montane Atlantic Forest shelters highly endemic species, and is an alarmingly endangered ecosystem, mainly due to habitat loss and climate change. + +Neoplecostomus altimontanus + +inhabits one the few remnants of Upper Montane Atlantic Forest in +Brazil +, on Serra da Mantiqueira. A latinized adjective, meaning “inhabitant of high mountains”. + + + + +Conservation status. + +Neoplecostomus altimontanus + +is known from only two localities, with and extent of occurrence estimated as +196 km +2 +. The species was only found in localities with highly preserved environmental conditions; the type-locality in rio Capivari on the surroundings of Parque Nacional do Itatiaia and Córrego Pinhão Assado inside Instituto Alto-Montana da Serra Fina, a Private Natural Heritage Reserve. A few kilometers downstream from the type-locality, rio Capivari and several affluent streams run into urban environments, being subject to channelization, removal of riparian covering and pollution, and no specimens were found. Besides, the wild boar ( +Sus scrofa +Linnaeus, 1758) presents an intense invasive process in environmentally protected areas in this region ( + +Morais +et al +., 2019 + +), and its impacts on stream ichthyofauna, including + +N. altimontanus + +, should not be overlooked. Our findings indicate that this species is highly endemic and sensitive to environmental changes, but more sampling efforts should be considered to better evaluate the conservation status of + +Neoplecostomus altimontanus + +. Therefore, we suggest that this species should be categorized as Data Deficient (DD) according to IUCN’s criteria ( +IUCN, 2022 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/B9/87/03B98784BE6BDD58014BDAA38AD3F971.xml b/data/03/B9/87/03B98784BE6BDD58014BDAA38AD3F971.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..68ac487e79c --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/B9/87/03B98784BE6BDD58014BDAA38AD3F971.xml @@ -0,0 +1,1422 @@ + + + +Two new species of Neoplecostomus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from high altitudes of the upper rio Paraná basin, Brazil + + + +Author + +Uzeda, Pedro L. C. +Laboratório de Ecologia de Peixes, Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Trevo Rotatório Professor Edmir Sá Santos, s / n, 37203 - 202 Lavras, MG, Brazil +pedro.lc.uzeda@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Paiola, Isabel +Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista “ Júlio de Mesquita Filho ”, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054 - 000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil +isabel.p.goncalves@unesp.br + + + +Author + +Cesar, Poliana S. +Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista “ Júlio de Mesquita Filho ”, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054 - 000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil +poliana.siqueira@unesp.br + + + +Author + +Okubo, Vitor Kenzo N. +Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista “ Júlio de Mesquita Filho ”, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054 - 000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil +vitor.kenzo@unesp.br + + + +Author + +Marques-Frisoni, Wellington J. +Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista “ Júlio de Mesquita Filho ”, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054 - 000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil. +wellington.m.frisoni@unesp.br + + + +Author + +Andrade, Breno N. +Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista “ Júlio de Mesquita Filho ”, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054 - 000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil +nevesandrades@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Langeani, Francisco +Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista “ Júlio de Mesquita Filho ”, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054 - 000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil +francisco.langeani@unesp.br + +text + + +Neotropical Ichthyology + + +2024 + +e 240021 + + +2024-12-06 + + +22 + + +4 + + +25 +25 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2024-0021 + +journal article +10.1590/1982-0224-2024-0021 +1982-0224 +14682567 +6E473982-C359-4EFE-B366-AE1498CC8C8C + + + + + +Neoplecostomus sapucai +Andrade, Uzeda, Paiola, Siqueira-Cesar, Okubo, Marques-Frisoni & Langeani + +, +new species + + + + + +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: +8D17A28B-4C35-4F2C-A1AC-968B9DD3684B + + + +( +Figs. 10–11 +; +Tab. 2 +) + + + + + +Neoplecostomus +sp. 3 + +. ― + +Roxo +et al. +(2012b) + +:35 (tab. 1), 38 (fig. 2). ― + +Roxo +et al. +(2012c) + +:2444 (fig. 2). + + + +Neoplecostomus +sp. 4 + +. ― + +Roxo +et al. +(2012b) + +:35 (tab. 1), 38 (fig. 2). ― + +Roxo +et al. +(2012c) + +:2444 (fig. 2). + + + +Neoplecostomus +sp. + +“Sapucaí” - population 6. ― + +Lucena +et al. +(2012) + +:325 (reference in abstract), 326 (fig. 1f), 327 (fig. 2), 328 (tab. 1, reference in results), 329 (tab. 2, reference in discussion, tab. 3), 330 (fig. 3, reference in discussion), 331 (fig. 4, reference in discussion). + + + +Neoplecostomus +sp. + +“Monjolo” - population 7. ― + +Lucena +et al. +(2012) + +:325 (reference in abstract), 326 (fig. +1g +), 327 (fig. 2), 328 (tab. 1, reference in results), 329 (tab. 2, reference in discussion, tab. 3), 330 (fig. 3, reference in discussion), 331 (fig. 4, reference in discussion). + + + + +Neoplecostomus +sp. + +― + +Thereza, Langeani (2019) +:23 + +(identification key), 45–46, 102 (fig. 10c). + + + + + + + +Holotype +. + +DZSJRP 14015 +, +male +, +88.4 mm +SL, +Brazil +, +State of Minas Gerais +, +Delfim Moreira +, +rio Grande +sub-basin, +rio Sapucaí +drainage, unnamed stream on +Highway AMG-1915 +(Piquete - Delfim Moreira), +22º32’31.3”S +45º14’28.8”W +, + +1.331 m +a.s.l. + +, + +6 Aug 2011 + +, +B. N. Andrade +, +F. O. Martins +& +F. Langeani. + + + + + +Paratypes +. + +All from +Brazil +, +rio Grande +sub-basin, +rio Sapucaí +drainage. + +State of Minas Gerais +, +Delfim Moreira + +: +DZSJRP 24791 +, +6 +, 53.0– +57.5 mm +SL, collected with holotype + +. + +DZSJRP 13944 +, +1 +, +76.3 mm +SL, +rio Santo Antônio +, +22º29’59”S +45º19’29”W +, + +1.165 m +a.s.l. + +, + +13 Jun 2011 + +, +J. E. Souza + +. + +DZSJRP 13952 +, +2 +, 76.1–81.0 mm SL, +rio Santo Antônio +, +22º29’37”S +45º19’47”W +, + +1.150 m +a.s.l. + +, + +15 Jun 2011 + +, +J. E. Souza + +. + +DZSJRP 13955 +, +9 +, unmeasured, +rio Santo Antônio +, +22º29’07”S +45º21’01”W +, + +950 m +a.s.l. + +, + +15 Nov 2011 + +, +J. E. Souza + +. + +DZSJRP 14024 +, +2 +, +55.5–69.2 mm +SL, +rio Santo Antônio +, +Highway +between +Delfim Moreira +and +Itajubá +, +22º29’06.4”S +45º21’01.5”W +, + +948 m +a.s.l. + +, + +7 Aug 2011 + +, +B. N. Andrade +, +F. O. Martins +& +F. Langeani + +. + +DZSJRP 14028 +, +1 +, +50.1 mm +SL, stream affluent to +PCH Ninho da Águia +, +22º29’35.1”S +45º19’44.7”W +, + +1.163 m +a.s.l. + +, + +7 Aug 2011 + +, +B. N. Andrade +, +F. O. Martins +& +F. Langeani + +. + +DZSJRP 14029 +, +7 +, unmeasured, +rio Santo Antônio +, +22º29’52.9”S +45º19’26.7”W +, + +1.171 m +a.s.l. + +, + +7 Aug 2011 + +, +B. N. Andrade +, +F. O. Martins +& +F. Langeani + +. + +DZSJRP 14876 +, +2 +, unmeasured, +rio Santo Antônio +, +Delfim Moreira +, +22º28’04”S +45º20’58”W +, + +882 m +a.s.l. + +, + +18 Nov 2011 + +, +Nicatec team + +. + +DZSJRP 14877 +, +2 +, +8.7–85.2 mm +SL, +rio Santo Antônio +, +22º29’37.6”S +45º19’47.44”W +, + +1.146 m +a.s.l. + +, + +16 Nov 2011 + +, +Nicatec team + +. + +DZSJRP 17758 +, +2 +, 81.0– +82.8 mm +SL, +rio Santo Antônio +, upstream +PCH Ninho da Águia +reservoir, +22º29’58”S +45º19’29”W +, + +1.167 m +a.s.l. + +, + +27–28 Nov 2012 + +, +L. L. Santiago +& +Nicatec +team + +. + +DZSJRP 20586 +, +1 +, +84.6 mm +SL, +rio Santo Antônio +, downstream +Ninho da Águia +waterfall, +22º28’05”S +45º20’58”W +, + +882 m +a.s.l. + +, + +11 Jul 2014 + +, +Nicatec +team + +. + +DZSJRP 23243 +, +4 +, unmeasured, +rio Santo Antônio +, +Delfim Moreira +, +22º28’00”S +45º21’12”W +, + +884 m +a.s.l. + +, + +26 Sep 2022 + +, +I. Langeani +& +F. Langeani + +. + +MNRJ 22251 +, +26 +, 38.0– +50.1 mm +SL, left tributary to +ribeirão do Machado +or +Tabuão +, +22°32’21”S +45°14’27”W +, + +1.323 m +a.s.l. + +, + +14 Nov 2001 + +, +P. A. Buckup +, +O. M. Filho +& +A. T. Aranda +. + + + +State of São Paulo + +: +MZUSP 99333 +, +10 +, 31.0– +60.3 mm +SL, +Ribeirão Marmelos +, +22º38’32”S +45º30’17”W +, + +1.192 m +a.s.l. + +, + +22 Feb 2008 + +, +A. K. Zeinad + +; + +MZUSP 99680 +, +3 +, +72.5–87.6 mm +SL, +ribeirão Lajeado +, +Highway SP-42 +near +SP-050 +, +São Bento do Sapucaí +, +22º47’09”S +45º41’17”W +, + +1.007 m +a.s.l. + +, date and collectors undetermined. + + +CI-UFLA +3191 +, +6 +, 4 unmeasured, 2, 52.2– 55.0 mm SL, +rio Sapucaí-mirim +, +São Bento do Sapucaí +, +22°47’18.71”S +45°40’28.00”W +, + +1.017 m + +a.s.l, + +30 Jul 2024 + +, +P. L. C. Uzeda +& +L. Sartori + +. + +MCP 48676 +, +3 +, +57.9–63.4 mm +SL, waterfall in +Parque Estadual de Campos de Jordão +( +Horto Florestal +), +Campos do Jordão +, +22º39’00”S +45º31’00”W +, + +1.291 m +a.s.l. + +, + +1 Jan 2013 + +, +M. Soares +& +K. Leite + +. + +MCP 48677 +, +3 +, 68.0– +75.4 mm +SL, waterfall in +Parque Estadual de Campos do Jordão +( +Horto Florestal +), +Campos do Jordão +, +22º39’00”S +45º31’00”W +, + +1.291 m +a.s.l. + +, + +1 Jan 2013 + +, +M. Soares +& +K. Leite + +. + +MNRJ 22252 +, +5 +, +40.2–67.9 mm +SL, +rio Comprido +, tributary to +Usina Hidrelétrica de Piquete +, +rio Bicas +microbasin, +Highway BR-459 +, +Piquete +, +22°33’29”S +45°22’11”W +, + +1.135 m +a.s.l. + +, + +15 Nov 2001 + +, +P. A. Buckup +, +O. M. Filho +& +A. T. Aranda +. + + +MNRJ 23963 +, +35 +, 38.0– +65.7 mm +SL (1 c&s, +55.8 mm +SL), +Campos do Jordão +near +Piranguçu +, +22°35’46”S +45°28’33”W +, + +978 m +a.s.l. + +, + +30 May 2002 + +, +P. A. Buckup +, +O. M. Filho +, +A. T. Aranda +& +C. Chamon + +. + + + + +FIGURE 10 | + +Neoplecostomus sapucai + + +, holotype, DZSJRP 14015, male, 88.4 mm SL, Delfim Moreira, unnamed stream on highway AMG-1915, rio Sapucaí drainage, rio Grande sub-basin, upper rio Paraná basin. Dorsal, lateral, and ventral views. + + + +Non-type. + +Brazil +, +State of Minas Gerais +, +rio Grande +sub-basin, +rio Sapucaí +drainage. +MNRJ 23949 +, +1 +, unmeasured, +ribeirão do Salto +, +Itajubá +, +22°26’55”S +45°20’47”W +, + +910 m +a.s.l. + +, + +30 May 2002 + +, +P. A. Buckup +, +O. M. Filho +, +A. T. Aranda +& +C. Chamon + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. + +Neoplecostomus sapucai + +differs from all congeners, except + +N. altimontanus + +and + +N. bandeirante + +, by having the exposed area of first plates of mid-ventral and ventral series narrower than the naked areas surrounding each plate ( +vs. +all other congeners with exposed area of first plates of mid-ventral and ventral series equal to or wider than the naked area surrounding each plate) ( +Fig. 2 +). Furthermore, the new species differs from all congeners, except + +N. altimontanus + +, + +N. jaguari + +, and + +N. langeanii + +by presenting sexual dimorphism in dentition, with males having more robust and fewer teeth compared to females ( +Fig. 3 +) ( +vs. +tooth morphology and number similar in both sexes in all other congeners). Additionally, + +N. sapucai + +differs from + +N. bandeirante + +by the presence of a lateronasal plate ( +Fig. 6 +), absence of keels along the lateral series of plates and absence of preadipose azygous plates ( +vs. +lateronasal plate absent, keels and preadipose azygous plates present) ( +Fig. 5 +); from + +N. jaguari + +by having two posteronasal plates ( +vs. +five to seven posteronasal plates) and females with 24–33, modally 26 premaxillary and 22– 31, modally 26 dentary teeth ( +vs. +females with 30–39 premaxillary and 30–38 dentary teeth); and from + +N. langeanii + +by the presence of an extra canal-bearing plate located between supraopercle and dorsal opening of the preopercular canal ( +Fig. 4 +) ( +vs. +extra canal-bearing plate absent). + + + +Neoplecostomus sapucai + +is most similar to + +N. altimontanus + +, from which differs by having transverse light bars over body ( +vs. +conspicuous dark spots over body and fins); plates of the lateral series bearing odontodes roughly equal in size, making caudal-peduncle surface smooth and rounded in cross-section ( +vs. +plates of dorsal, mid-dorsal, median and mid-ventral series with slightly hypertrophied odontodes on posterior portion, resembling discontinuous keels on caudal peduncle) ( +Fig. 5 +); reduced adipose fin, extending over three or four plates, usually three ( +Fig. 5 +) ( +vs. +well-developed adipose fin, extending over four or five dorsal plates, usually five); presence of a lateronasal plate ( +vs. +lateronasal plate absent) ( +Fig. 6 +); larger nares (nare length 9.9–14.1% +vs. +3.0–9.0% of HL); and by the lower premaxillary (24–33, modally 26 +vs. +31–42, modally 35) and dentary (22–31, modally 26 +vs. +31–40, modally 31) teeth counts in females. + + + + +Description. +Measurements and counts in +Tab. 2 +. Body elongated and dorsoventrally depressed. Greatest width at anterior portion of cleithrum, gradually narrowing towards caudal peduncle. Dorsal profile of body slightly convex, elevating from snout tip to dorsal-fin origin; descending from dorsal-fin origin to dorsal procurrent caudal-fin rays. Greatest body depth at dorsal-fin origin. Trunk and caudal peduncle dorsally rounded in cross-section. Ventral profile depressed to anal-fin origin and slightly rounded to caudal fin. + + + +TABLE 2 | +Morphometric data and counts for the holotype and 29 paratypes of + +Neoplecostomus sapucai + +. The adipose-fin length was taken from 25 specimens. M = male, F = female. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
HolotypeRangeMean +SD +
Standard length (mm)88.449.6–88.466.313.1
+Percents of standard length +
Predorsal length43.140.7–45.443.81.0
Head length32.830.9–33.732.30.8
Head width29.026.2–29.228.10.8
Cleithrum width29.125.9–29.128.10.8
Occipital-dorsal distance10.410.4–13.412.10.8
Thoraxic length13.613.6–19.015.91.3
Interdorsal length20.217.4–21.619.41.2
Caudal-peduncle length28.826.5–31.729.21.3
Caudal-peduncle depth8.27.6–9.58.20.4
Body depth21.715.5–22.319.21.2
Preanal length61.059.3–66.963.31.9
Adipose-fin length7.22.5–7.77.011.4
+Percents of head length +
Head with91.478.5–94.085.64.3
Head depth56.237.1–57.246.94.8
Snout length62.059.9–67.263.91.8
Orbital diameter7.36.8–11.19.01.1
Interorbital distance36.431.2–37.733.51.7
Mandibulary width16.014.9–23.918.82.4
Lower-lip width56.846.9–70.958.46.2
Lower-lip length21.911.8–42.618.85.9
Nare length12.29.9–14.112.01.0
Nare width7.97.4–9.68.30.5
Anal-fin length46.541.8–63.152.54.1
+Other percents +
Interorbital distance/orbital diameter20.121.1–33.327.03.0
Predorsal length/dorsal-fin spine length45.635.4–51.845.44.3
Pelvic-fin spine length/caudal peduncle depth36.326.5–39.431.13.0
Lower caudal-fin unbr. ray/caudal peduncle depth42.724.6–36.729.23.2
CountsHolotypeRangeMode +SD +
Dorsal plates3029–31290.6
Mid-dorsal plates2523–25240.8
Median plates3029–31300.6
Mid-ventral plates2624–27250.8
Ventral plates2524–26240.8
Predorsal plates44–650.6
Plates at dorsal-fin base65–660.2
Plates between dorsal and caudal1817–19180.7
Plates between adipose and caudal77–870.5
Plates between anal and caudal1311–13120.6
Plates under adipose fin33–430.7
Premaxillary teeth (M)1511–21152.5
Dentary teeth (M)1311–20132.4
Premaxillary teeth (F)–24–33262.8
Dentary teeth (F)–22–31262.6
+ +Body entirely covered with bony plates, except around dorsal-fin base, ventral surface of head, regions around ventral shield, lateral portion of trunk between pectoral- and pelvic-fin origin, and between ventral shield and anal-fin origin. Lateral series of plates without keels. Exposed area of first plates of mid-ventral and ventral series narrower than naked area surrounding each plate. Abdomen with small plates covered with odontodes, arranged into pentagonal or hexagonal shield between pectoral- and pelvic-fin origins. +Head broad and rounded. Snout tip without bony plates. Lateral margins of snout and anterior portion of head lacking hypertrophied odontodes and swollen skin. Interorbital region slightly convex in frontal view. Eyes moderately sized and dorsolaterally located. Ventral surface of head naked, except for canal cheek plate, undivided and with triangular medial projection. Extra canal-bearing plate between supraopercle and compound pterotic. Lips moderately developed and rounded; lower lip covered with small rounded papillae. Hypertrophied papillae arranged into two or three irregular series immediately posterior to dentary teeth. Posterior margin of lower lip strongly convex, reaching or almost reaching pectoral girdle. Maxillary barbel poorly developed, entirely coalesced to lower lip. Dentary rami angled towards each other at about 110º–115º. Premaxillary teeth bicuspid and copper colored; lateral cusp smaller than mesial cusp. +Dorsal fin i-ii,7; origin slightly posterior to vertical through pelvic-fin origin; spinelet absent or present, wider than base of unbranched ray when present; locking mechanism not functional. Distal margin straight, surpassing vertical through anal-fin origin when adpressed. Adipose fin short and low, extending over three to four (normally three) dorsal plates; absent in some specimens, replaced by azygous plates; preadipose azygous plates normally absent. Pectoral fin i,6; unbranched ray dorsoventrally depressed and curved posteriorly, shorter than first branched ray. Distal margin straight, surpassing first third of pelvic fin when adpressed. Pelvic fin i,5; unbranched ray slightly curved inwards; ventral surface flattened, covered with spatulate odontodes. Distal margin roughly straight. Caudal fin i,7,7,i; lower lobe longer than upper lobe; distal margin slightly concave. +Supraorbital sensory canal with four pores; pore s1 at anteromesial margin of anterior nare; pore s3 at posteriomesial margin of posterior nare; pore s6+s6 at interorbital region, at transverse line through posterior half of eyes; pore s8 posteromesially to eye, longitudinally aligned with nares. Infraorbital sensory canal with six pores; pore io1 at anterior margin of first infraorbital; pore io2 between posterior margin of first infraorbital and anterior margin of second infraorbital; pore io3 between second and third infraorbitals; pore io4 between third and fourth infraorbitals; pore io5 between fourth and fifth infraorbitals; and pore io6 located between superior margin of fifth infraorbital and inferior margin of sphenotic. Preoperculomandibular sensory canal with five pores; pore pm1 at ventral surface of cheek plate; pore pm2 between superior margin of cheek plate and inferior margin of preopercle; pore pm3 between superior margin of preopercle and inferior margin of supraopercle; pore pm4 between superior margin of supraopercle and anterior margin of opercle; pore pm5+po1 rising on surface of extra canal-bearing plate. Three postotic sensory pores; pore po1 fused to pore pm5; pore po2 above branchial slit, and pore po3 on skin overlying opening of swimbladder capsule. + +Coloration in alcohol. +Head and trunk light to dark brown in adults and juveniles. Head, dorsum, trunk and fins covered with inconspicuous and diffuse dark saddles. + +Coloration pattern in juveniles composed by four transverse dark bars; bars surrounded by light areas in adults: first at dorsal-fin base, second between dorsal and adipose fin, and third at posterior portion of adipose fin. Head with two slender light stripes anterior to nare, reaching anterior portion of snout; in some specimens, additional stripe between nares present. Region around orbit with light blotches, especially anterior and posterior to orbit. One or two light areas between orbits, fused into transverse lines in some specimens. + +All fins with diffuse dark blotches over branched rays; blotches on unbranched rays well delimited. Caudal fin with conspicuous dark blotches at distal portion. Adipose-fin spine laterally dark; dorsal surface of spine with coalesced light and dark blotches. Ventral surface unpigmented, except for some brown colored regions of upper lip and next to anal-fin origin. Live coloration with slightly more contrasting patterns and blotches ( +Fig. 11 +). + + +Sexual dimorphism. +Males present a urogenital papilla posterior to anal opening and a skin flap along the dorsal surface of unbranched pelvic-fin ray (both absent in females). Additionally, males have teeth short, robust and in fewer number (11–20 premaxillary and 13–20 dentary teeth) compared to females, which have slender and more numerous teeth (24–33 premaxillary and 22–31 dentary teeth). + + + + +Geographical distribution. + +Neoplecostomus sapucai + +is known from eight streams in the upper portion of rio Sapucaí drainage, rio Grande sub-basin, at the Northern slope of Serra da Mantiqueira, within the states of +Minas Gerais +and +São Paulo +( +Fig. 8 +). + + + + +Ecological notes. + +Neoplecostomus sapucai + +is found in small streams with low depth (< +1 m +), rapid flow and crystal-clear waters. The localities, situated at altitudes between 900 and +1.400 m +above sea level, presented substrate composed mainly of pebbles ( +1–4 cm +) and cobbles ( +4–15 cm +) over sand. The type-locality is poorly covered by riparian vegetation and is prone to receive direct sunlight over most part of the day ( +Fig. 12 +). The species is sympatric to + +Phalloceros harpagos +Lucinda, 2008 + +, + +Psalidodon paranae +(Eigenmann, 1914) + +, and + +Trichomycterus +cf. +brasiliensis +(Lütken, 1874) + +. + + + + +FIGURE 11 | +Live specimen of + +Neoplecostomus sapucai +, CI-UFLA + +3191, paratype, male. + + + + +FIGURE 12 | +Type-locality of + +Neoplecostomus sapucai + +at unnamed stream on highway AMG-1915, Delfim Moreira, rio Sapucaí drainage, rio Grande sub-basin, upper rio Paraná basin. + + + + +Etymology. +The specific epithet +“sapucai +” is in reference to rio Sapucaí, the drainage where the species is known to occur. A noun in apposition. + + + + +Conservation status. + +Neoplecostomus sapucai + +is known from 16 localities distributed across eight small to medium size streams in the upper portion of rio Sapucaí drainage, with an extent of occurrence estimated as +1.013 km +2 +. At the time of our last expeditions, most localities presented riparian vegetation and tree covering, and were situated outside conservation units; one of them is located inside of an environmentally protected area, in Campos do Jordão State Park. The species was found in streams draining areas of pasture, highway infrastructure, and areas upstream and downstream from Ninho da Águia reservoir in rio Santo Antônio. The aforementioned factors indicate that + +Neoplecostomus sapucai + +is a relatively cosmopolitan species, and the current anthropogenic activities along its distribution do not appear to pose significant threats to the viability of its populations. Therefore, we suggest that this species should be categorized as Least Concern (LC) according to IUCN’s criteria ( +IUCN, 2022 +). Nonetheless, we encourage ecological assessments to better understand its population dynamics and the environmental changes along its distribution. + + + + \ No newline at end of file