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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="297127" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.7316519" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8c230081-242c-4126-9b39-cc9f82d3cfff" ID-ISBN="0-8018-8221-4" checkinTime="1670905158474" checkinUser="guido" docAuthor="Wilson, Don E. &amp; Reeder, DeeAnn" docDate="2005" docId="9FE6214CE7E40858C222122A636CE1ED" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpeciesofTheWorld.2005.Diprotodontia.43-70.xml" docOrigin="Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press" docTitle="VOMBATIFORMES Burnett 1830" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="EFC9935787F7AC0A5B50238F4F73B0AD" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="EFC9935787F7AC0A5B50238F4F73B0AD" masterDocTitle="Order Diprotodontia" masterLastPageNumber="70" masterPageNumber="43" pageNumber="43" updateTime="1716776048583" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="913554854BDF16B8B222F6FD06FD2B0D">
<mods:title id="D1A5383F558D1F9386B4B67568A925B6">Order Diprotodontia</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="2A9BFA5D2F8806395B3BE5F890207E4B" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="A2EE2FA576033E1A37BE013A8F3BC408">Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AFBA23236B132507CA495DCDAA425D68">Reeder, DeeAnn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="020B649EB643CB347AAC9D26DFDB2C43">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="238205686AE5DB2F829192AF5AC0B830">
<mods:title id="9A29EF6170E2546F8B7E06795F173649">Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1</mods:title>
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<mods:identifier id="7851A049E126E26BABDEBBB91D7A21A1" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.7316519</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="9FE6214CE7E40858C222122A636CE1ED" ID-GBIF-Taxon="231548866" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9FE6214CE7E40858C222122A636CE1ED" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9FE6214CE7E40858C222122A636CE1ED" lastPageNumber="43" pageNumber="43" sourceUrl="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=11000002">
<subSubSection id="4E9DD2247FA2989CFEE2727CBFA813FA" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="CD30B8286D5C4B6515260842090AEC2B" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="45946BACE12E7D2AA0DFD4ACDE755CA4" ID-CoL="4FW" authority="Burnett 1830" authorityName="Burnett" authorityYear="1830" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="subOrder" subOrder="VOMBATIFORMES">VOMBATIFORMES Burnett 1830</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="60E92AB0FA6ECA1C142B0A9EC85D92DB" pageNumber="43" type="child_taxa">
<paragraph id="DA3C91A8AEA34DB01BE8AFDC1D4AC4D8" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="0FD98838FF7B50618C3325554294BD1E" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="43">Families:</emphasis>
2 families with 3 genera and 4 species:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C098F7F2C9E2EF7E22715A6620393DAD" pageNumber="43">
Family
<taxonomicName id="C05EE930C8A6D2AA96431A0C725D8A18" authority="Owen 1839" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1839" class="Mammalia" family="Phascolarctidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phascolarctidae Owen 1839</taxonomicName>
(1 genus with 1 species)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E595652BA68B2310A21E2F17930CA5B" pageNumber="43">
Family
<taxonomicName id="8FC6EB5D77C6D6E263657EDBB70563A8" authority="Burnett 1829" authorityName="Burnett" authorityYear="1829" class="Mammalia" family="Vombatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
Vombatidae
<bibRefCitation id="6AE0955AB9F433E23436A3AD4616996F" author="Burnett, G. T." refId="ref47166" refString="Burnett, G. T. 1829. Illustrations of the Alipeda. Quarterly Journal of Literature, Science and the Arts, 262 - 269." year="1829">Burnett 1829</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(2 genera with 3 species and 3 subspecies)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182224602" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-4049-18-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="742AFFD8FF9DFFE0FFE1351B1C21FF99" ID-Zenodo-Dep="575611" ModsDocID="1314-4049-18-1" checkinTime="1481875202450" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Petersen, Ronald H. &amp; Hughes, Karen W." docDate="2016" docId="9FE6366DFB9F548C8EC3FCDD6CC3CA1C" docLanguage="en" docName="MycoKeys 18: 1-122" docOrigin="MycoKeys 18" docPubDate="2016-12-15" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007" docTitle="Gymnopus perforans subsp. transatlanticus R. H. Petersen 2016, subsp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="742AFFD8FF9DFFE0FFE1351B1C21FF99" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="61" masterDocId="742AFFD8FF9DFFE0FFE1351B1C21FF99" masterDocTitle="Micromphale sect. Perforantia (Agaricales, Basidiomycetes); Expansion and phylogenetic placement" masterLastPageNumber="122" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" updateTime="1643498509278" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Micromphale sect. Perforantia (Agaricales, Basidiomycetes); Expansion and phylogenetic placement</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Petersen, Ronald H.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Ecology &amp; Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 - 1100 USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">repete@utk.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hughes, Karen W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Ecology &amp; Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 - 1100 USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>MycoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2016-12-15</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>18</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>122</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-4049-18-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">575611</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182224602" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9FE6366DFB9F548C8EC3FCDD6CC3CA1C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9FE6366DFB9F548C8EC3FCDD6CC3CA1C" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<subSubSection pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
5A.
<taxonomicName LSID="9FE6366D-FB9F-548C-8EC3-FCDD6CC3CA1C" authority="R. H. Petersen" authorityName="R. H. Petersen" authorityYear="2016" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gymnopus perforans subsp. transatlanticus" order="Agaricales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="subSpecies" species="perforans" status="subsp. nov." subSpecies="transatlanticus">Gymnopus perforans subsp. transatlanticus R.H. Petersen</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="49" pageNumber="50">subsp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="holotype">
<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<pageBreakToken pageId="50" pageNumber="51" start="start">Holotype</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Canada</emphasis>
,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Quebec</emphasis>
, Quebec-Montmorency Co., vic. Beauport, &quot;Camping Municipal de Beauport,&quot; 46°54.022'N, 71°10.507&quot;W, 29.VII.2006, coll E. Lickey, TFB 13319 (TENN-F-61587).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">trans- = Latin, on the other side of; -atlanticus = Atlantic Ocean. Referring to distribution across the Atlantic Ocean from the typical subspecies.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
Differing from typical subspecies as follows: 1) basidiomata diminutive, generally shorter and slenderer; 2) spores, pleurocystidia, basidia smaller than typical; 3) cheilocystidia infrequent, smaller and less differentiated; 4) fruiting on fallen
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Picea" order="Pinales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Coniferophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Picea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies" order="Pinales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Coniferophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Abies</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Tsuga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tsuga" order="Pinales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Coniferophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Tsuga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
needles;5) separable by ITS sequence from European
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. perforans" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="perforans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">G. perforans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Basidiomata</emphasis>
(Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 38" captionStartId="F38" captionText="Figure 38. Gymnopus perforans subsp. transatlanticus. Basidiomata. Standard bars = 10 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure38" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115099" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">38</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 39" captionStartId="F39" captionText="Figure 39. Gymnopus perforans subsp. transatlanticus. A Basidiomata B Rhizomorphs C Basidiospores. Standard bars: A = 10 mm; B = 2 mm; C = 5 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure39" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115100" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">39A</figureCitation>
) diminutive, marasmioid, often in troops, usually attached to individual conifer needles.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Pileus</emphasis>
3-14 mm broad, strongly convex early, expanding to plano-convex, often with somewhat depressed disc, some
<pageBreakToken pageId="51" pageNumber="52" start="start">times</pageBreakToken>
with small conical umbo, matt to minutely pruinose (especially near margin), occasionally sulcate-striate but usually not so; disc &quot;sayal brown&quot; 6C5,
<normalizedToken originalValue="“tawny”">&quot;tawny&quot;</normalizedToken>
6C6, &quot;ochraceous tawny&quot; 6C5-6, &quot;tawny olive&quot; 6D5-6, &quot;light ochraceous buff&quot; 5A4, &quot;army brown&quot; 8D5, &quot;tilleul buff&quot; 7B2, paler and nearer to &quot;pale ochraceous buff&quot; 4A2, &quot;light ochraceous buff&quot; 5A4, occasionally yellowish near &quot;antimony yellow&quot; 4B6; limb and margin &quot;pale cinnamon pink&quot; 5A2, &quot;pinkish buff&quot; 6A2, &quot;pale pinkish buff&quot; 6A2 near &quot;tilleul buff&quot; 5B3, &quot;pale olive buff&quot; 3B2 to off-white, fading gradually through maturity, finally often off-white overall; context relatively thick on the disc, elsewhere thin and membranous.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Lamellae</emphasis>
adnate to subdecurrent, distant, arcuate (not ventricose), occasionally forked but with no anastomosis or interveining, with or without pseudocollarium, thickish, narrow (usually less than 1 mm broad), total lamellae 17-23, through lamellae 8-11, often concolorous with pileus, &quot;pinkish buff&quot; 5A3,
<pageBreakToken pageId="52" pageNumber="53" start="start">&quot;</pageBreakToken>
pale pinkish cinnamon&quot; 6A2, &quot;light buff&quot; 3A2, &quot;vinaceous buff&quot; 9B2, &quot;light ochraceous buff&quot; 5A4, &quot;tilleul buff&quot; 7B2, after storage often exhibiting a slight blush of cantaloupe (&quot;warm buff&quot; 3A4 to &quot;orange buff&quot; 3A5) as necropigment; lamellar edge entire, not marginate; lamellulae in one rank, poorly developed.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Stipe</emphasis>
(10-)12-28
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.3-1 mm, in two breadth classes (0.3-0.7 mm vs 0.8-1 mm broad, with the latter not always part of collection) but not in length, terete when fresh, ridged and compressed when dry, subinsititious, apex concolorous with lamellae (darker within
<pageBreakToken pageId="53" pageNumber="54" start="start">pileus</pageBreakToken>
), a dull reddish brown (near
<normalizedToken originalValue="“russet”">&quot;russet&quot;</normalizedToken>
7D6), downward soon &quot;mummy brown&quot; 6F8, &quot;bone brown&quot; 7F8, &quot;soot black&quot; 11F3, &quot;chaetura black&quot; 2F3 to visually black, vestured overall (minutely barbed); apical vesture hyaline (appearing white), wispy, downward gathered into minute synnemata and thus appearing barbed, dark brown; surface sometimes bearing small elliptical scars with fimbriate borders, and rarely with rudimentary, acute-tipped rhizomorphs &lt;1 mm long; base subinsititious (with delicate thatch of spikes).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Rhizomorphs</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 39" captionStartId="F39" captionText="Figure 39. Gymnopus perforans subsp. transatlanticus. A Basidiomata B Rhizomorphs C Basidiospores. Standard bars: A = 10 mm; B = 2 mm; C = 5 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure39" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115100" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">39B</figureCitation>
) of two types: 1) -4
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.2-0.7 mm, black, typically curly and branched, often with numerous individuals arising from a single needle, coarse for their length, extensively colonizing the undersides of needles; and 2) -0.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.05-0.1 mm, black, extremely fine, unbranched, often densely gregarious.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Odor</emphasis>
negligible to fetid (occasionally weakly alliaceous):
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">taste</emphasis>
moderately alliaceous.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="984845" doi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure37" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115098" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" start="Figure 37" startId="F37">
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Figure 37.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gymnopus perforans" order="Agaricales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="perforans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Gymnopus perforans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Caulocystidia.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">A-F</emphasis>
Full-size setoid caulocystidia
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">G, H</emphasis>
Small individual caulocystidia. Standard bars = 10
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
. TFB 7477 (TENN-F-53579).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="984847" doi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure38" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115099" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" start="Figure 38" startId="F38">
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Figure 38.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. H. Petersen" authorityYear="2016" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gymnopus perforans subsp. transatlanticus" order="Agaricales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="subSpecies" species="perforans" subSpecies="transatlanticus">Gymnopus perforans subsp. transatlanticus</taxonomicName>
. Basidiomata. Standard bars = 10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="984849" doi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure39" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115100" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" start="Figure 39" startId="F39">
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Figure 39.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. H. Petersen" authorityYear="2016" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gymnopus perforans subsp. transatlanticus" order="Agaricales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="subSpecies" species="perforans" subSpecies="transatlanticus">Gymnopus perforans subsp. transatlanticus</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">A</emphasis>
Basidiomata
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">B</emphasis>
Rhizomorphs
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">C</emphasis>
Basidiospores. Standard bars:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">A</emphasis>
= 10 mm;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">B</emphasis>
= 2 mm;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">C</emphasis>
= 5
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<pageBreakToken pageId="54" pageNumber="55" start="start">Habitat</pageBreakToken>
and phenology.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
Fruiting in troops on individual dead conifer needles, chiefly
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Picea" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Coniferophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Picea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Tsuga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tsuga" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Coniferophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Tsuga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Coniferophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Abies</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies amabilis" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Coniferophyta" rank="species" species="amabilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Abies amabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies balsamea" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Coniferophyta" rank="species" species="balsamea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Abies balsamea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies fraseri" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Coniferophyta" rank="species" species="fraseri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Abies fraseri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName genus="Pices" lsidName="Pices glauca" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" rank="species" species="glauca">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Pices glauca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Picea rubens" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Coniferophyta" rank="species" species="rubens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Picea rubens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Tsuga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tsuga canadensis" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Coniferophyta" rank="species" species="canadensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Tsuga canadensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Tsuga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tsuga heterophylla" order="Pinales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Coniferophyta" rank="species" species="heterophylla">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Tsuga heterophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and other conifer needles; from high-altitude spruce/fir
<normalizedToken originalValue="“islands”">&quot;islands&quot;</normalizedToken>
of southern Appalachian Mountains to Canadian Shield. (for forms fruiting on dead deciduous leaves, see under
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. foliiphilus" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" rank="species" species="foliiphilus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">G. foliiphilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); late spring (June, southern habitats) to mid-Autumn (September).
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Pileipellis</emphasis>
involved in a slime matrix with much minute debris, composed of the following elements; 1) pileal hairs (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 40" captionStartId="F40" captionText="Figure 40. Gymnopus perforans subsp. transatlanticus. Pileal hairs. Standard bars = 10 µm. TENN-F- 29277." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure40" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115101" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">40</figureCitation>
) -80
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4-7
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diam, erect hyphal tips, often arising in juxtaposition to a clamp connection, embedded in slime matrix, often subcapitulate; and 2) repent hyphae (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 41" captionStartId="F41" captionText="Figure 41. Gymnopus perforans subsp. transatlanticus. Pileipellis elements. A Slender hyphae with thin slime sheath and vague incrustation B Stouter hypha with conspicuous clamp connections C, D Pileipellis hyphae with secondary septa B-D Note multigranular gelatino-mucoid matrix. Standard bars = 10 µm. AV 11.06.11." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure41" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115102" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">41A, B</figureCitation>
) 3.5-10
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diam, firm-walled, mostly smooth, occasionally encrusted with small scabs with raised profile calluses, conspicuously clamped but with common secondary septa (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 41" captionStartId="F41" captionText="Figure 41. Gymnopus perforans subsp. transatlanticus. Pileipellis elements. A Slender hyphae with thin slime sheath and vague incrustation B Stouter hypha with conspicuous clamp connections C, D Pileipellis hyphae with secondary septa B-D Note multigranular gelatino-mucoid matrix. Standard bars = 10 µm. AV 11.06.11." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure41" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115102" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">41C, D</figureCitation>
), subhyaline individu
<pageBreakToken pageId="55" pageNumber="56" start="start">ally</pageBreakToken>
. Pileus trama hyphae loosely interwoven, involved in a slime matrix, conspicuously clamped; lamellar trama loosely interwoven, involved in slime sheaths; hyphae 3-5
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diam, firm-walled but wall swelling to 1
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick, conspicuously clamped.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Pleurocystidia</emphasis>
(Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 42" captionStartId="F42" captionText="Figure 42. Gymnopus perforans subsp. transatlanticus. Pleurocystidia. Standard bars = 10 µm. AV 11.06.11." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure42" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115103" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">42</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 43" captionStartId="F43" captionText="Figure 43. Gymnopus perforans subsp. transatlanticus. Pleurocystidia. Note conspicuously partitioned contents. Standard bars = 10 µm. TENN-F- 29277." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115104" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">43</figureCitation>
) 22-32
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5-9
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, fusiform, narrowly fusiform, to irregularly and asymmetrically so with rounded to acute apex, conspicuously clamped, often easily disarticulated; contents distinctly partitioned (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 43" captionStartId="F43" captionText="Figure 43. Gymnopus perforans subsp. transatlanticus. Pleurocystidia. Note conspicuously partitioned contents. Standard bars = 10 µm. TENN-F- 29277." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115104" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">43</figureCitation>
) to not so (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 42" captionStartId="F42" captionText="Figure 42. Gymnopus perforans subsp. transatlanticus. Pleurocystidia. Standard bars = 10 µm. AV 11.06.11." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure42" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115103" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">42</figureCitation>
). Basidioles clavate;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">basidia</emphasis>
(Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 44" captionStartId="F44" captionText="Figure 44. Gymnopus perforans subsp. transatlanticus. Basidia. Standard bars = 10 µm. AV 11.06.11." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure44" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115106" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">44</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 45" captionStartId="F45" captionText="Figure 45. Gymnopus perforans subsp. transatlanticus. A Basidium B-H Cheilocystidia. Standard bars = 10 µm. TFB 14395 (TENN-F- 69056)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure45" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115107" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">45A</figureCitation>
) 20-29
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5-10
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, clavate to subcapitulate, 4-sterigmate, conspicuously clamped; contents heterogeneous; effete basidia and pleurocystidia commonly evacuated but not collapsing (
<normalizedToken originalValue="“husking”">&quot;husking&quot;</normalizedToken>
); subbasidial cells lobate by proliferating clamp connections.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Basidiospores</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 39" captionStartId="F39" captionText="Figure 39. Gymnopus perforans subsp. transatlanticus. A Basidiomata B Rhizomorphs C Basidiospores. Standard bars: A = 10 mm; B = 2 mm; C = 5 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure39" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115100" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">39C</figureCitation>
) (6-)6.5-9
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3-4.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(Q = 1.56-2.50; Qm = 1.86; Lm = 7.13
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
). ellipsoid, marasmioid, thin-walled, smooth, inamyloid.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Cheilocystidia</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 45" captionStartId="F45" captionText="Figure 45. Gymnopus perforans subsp. transatlanticus. A Basidium B-H Cheilocystidia. Standard bars = 10 µm. TFB 14395 (TENN-F- 69056)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure45" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115107" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">45B-H</figureCitation>
) absent or widely scattered, 25-48(-50)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
8-19(-23)
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, broadly clavate, obpyriform, occasionally irregularly lobed, without setulae, firm- to thick-walled (wall -0.7
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick, hyaline), sometimes easily disarticulated, subrefringent (PhC), obscurely clamped, only occasionally extending beyond hymenial structures; contents homogenous to heterogeneous (with several globose inclusions; PhC), occasionally with one or more small refractive guttules.
<emphasis bold="true" lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
Caulocystidia
<pageBreakToken pageId="56" pageNumber="57" start="start">from</pageBreakToken>
stipe apex
</emphasis>
-50
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
6-9
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, arising as side branches of surface hypha, thick-walled (wall -2
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick), refringent, hyaline, often secondarily septate.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Caulocystidia from lower stipe</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 46" captionStartId="F46" captionText="Figure 46. Gymnopus perforans subsp. transatlanticus. Caulocystidia. Standard bars = 10 µm. TFB 14350 (TENN-F- 69000)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure46" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115108" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">46</figureCitation>
) -180
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
8-11
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, arising as side branches of stipe surface hypha; basal cell usually swollen somewhat, deep brownish yellow (PhC), producing a thick-walled (wall 1-1.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
thick) shaft, gradually tapered distally, often constricted within and occasionally with small side lobe, doubtfully secondarily septate, brittle (although usually not straight); pigmentation equally distributed throughout shaft (not congested apically).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="984853" doi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure40" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115101" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" start="Figure 40" startId="F40">
<paragraph pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Figure 40.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. H. Petersen" authorityYear="2016" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gymnopus perforans subsp. transatlanticus" order="Agaricales" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="subSpecies" species="perforans" subSpecies="transatlanticus">Gymnopus perforans subsp. transatlanticus</taxonomicName>
. Pileal hairs. Standard bars = 10
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
. TENN-F-29277.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="984855" doi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure41" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115102" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" start="Figure 41" startId="F41">
<paragraph pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Figure 41.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. H. Petersen" authorityYear="2016" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gymnopus perforans subsp. transatlanticus" order="Agaricales" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="subSpecies" species="perforans" subSpecies="transatlanticus">Gymnopus perforans subsp. transatlanticus</taxonomicName>
. Pileipellis elements.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">A</emphasis>
Slender hyphae with thin slime sheath and vague incrustation
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">B</emphasis>
Stouter hypha with conspicuous clamp connections
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">C, D</emphasis>
Pileipellis hyphae with secondary septa
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">B-D</emphasis>
Note multigranular gelatino-mucoid matrix. Standard bars = 10
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
. AV 11.06.11.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="984857" doi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure42" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115103" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" start="Figure 42" startId="F42">
<paragraph pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Figure 42.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. H. Petersen" authorityYear="2016" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gymnopus perforans subsp. transatlanticus" order="Agaricales" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="subSpecies" species="perforans" subSpecies="transatlanticus">Gymnopus perforans subsp. transatlanticus</taxonomicName>
. Pleurocystidia. Standard bars = 10
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
. AV 11.06.11.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="984859" doi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115104" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" start="Figure 43" startId="F43">
<paragraph pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Figure 43.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. H. Petersen" authorityYear="2016" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gymnopus perforans subsp. transatlanticus" order="Agaricales" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="subSpecies" species="perforans" subSpecies="transatlanticus">Gymnopus perforans subsp. transatlanticus</taxonomicName>
. Pleurocystidia. Note conspicuously partitioned contents. Standard bars = 10
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
. TENN-F-29277.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="984861" doi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure44" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115106" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" start="Figure 44" startId="F44">
<paragraph pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Figure 44.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. H. Petersen" authorityYear="2016" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gymnopus perforans subsp. transatlanticus" order="Agaricales" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="subSpecies" species="perforans" subSpecies="transatlanticus">Gymnopus perforans subsp. transatlanticus</taxonomicName>
. Basidia. Standard bars = 10
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
. AV 11.06.11.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="984863" doi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure45" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115107" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" start="Figure 45" startId="F45">
<paragraph pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Figure 45.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. H. Petersen" authorityYear="2016" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gymnopus perforans subsp. transatlanticus" order="Agaricales" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="subSpecies" species="perforans" subSpecies="transatlanticus">Gymnopus perforans subsp. transatlanticus</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">A</emphasis>
Basidium
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">B-H</emphasis>
Cheilocystidia. Standard bars = 10
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
. TFB 14395 (TENN-F-69056).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="984865" doi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure46" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115108" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" start="Figure 46" startId="F46">
<paragraph pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Figure 46.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. H. Petersen" authorityYear="2016" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Gymnopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Gymnopus perforans subsp. transatlanticus" order="Agaricales" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="subSpecies" species="perforans" subSpecies="transatlanticus">Gymnopus perforans subsp. transatlanticus</taxonomicName>
. Caulocystidia. Standard bars = 10
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
. TFB 14350 (TENN-F-69000).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Commentary.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Based on direct comparison between European and northeastern North American specimens, basidiomatal dimensions seem to differ. American basidiomata are, in general, shorter with smaller pilei than European basidiomata, but basidiomata of the American collections seem distributed in two size classes, the larger and more robust of which are commensurate with Europe basidiomata.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="57" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
A limited phylogenetic tree based on ITS sequences (see Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 87" captionStartId="F87" captionText="Figure 87. PhyML analysis of Gymnopus perforans and G. sequoiae ITS sequences. Distance measurements percent base pair differences for the ITS region only. Bootstrap support greater than 70 % is given to the left of the supported node. Haplotypes are indicated as h 1 or h 2; clones are indicated as c 1, c 2, etc. North American locations are indicated by postal codes." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure87" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115181" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">87</figureCitation>
below), sequences from northeastern North American collections clearly form a clade separate from sequences from Europe (including Scandinavia). Base-pair separation between these two
<pageBreakToken pageId="57" pageNumber="58" start="start">clades</pageBreakToken>
is 1.65%. Although heterogeneous, base-pair separation among northeastern North American sequences is 0.71%. Altogether, collections from Europe and North America are not considered to represent species-rank separation, but proposal of a subspecies seems warranted. Separation of all
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. perforans" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" rank="species" species="perforans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">G. perforans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sequences from a clade containing
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. sublaccatus" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" rank="species" species="sublaccatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">G. sublaccatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. sequoiae" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" rank="species" species="sequoiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">G. sequoiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is more robust (2.30% see Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 87" captionStartId="F87" captionText="Figure 87. PhyML analysis of Gymnopus perforans and G. sequoiae ITS sequences. Distance measurements percent base pair differences for the ITS region only. Bootstrap support greater than 70 % is given to the left of the supported node. Haplotypes are indicated as h 1 or h 2; clones are indicated as c 1, c 2, etc. North American locations are indicated by postal codes." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007.figure87" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115181" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">87</figureCitation>
below) but both
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. sequoiae" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" rank="species" species="sequoiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">G. sequoiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. sublaccatus" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" rank="species" species="sublaccatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">G. sublaccatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fall within North American
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. perforans" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" rank="species" species="perforans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">G. perforans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. For more on this situation, see discussion under
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. perforans" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" rank="species" species="perforans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">G. perforans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
In eastern North America, characters which separate
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. foliiphilus" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" rank="species" species="foliiphilus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">G. foliiphilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fruiting on dead deciduous leaves, from
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. perforans subsp. transatlanticus" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" rank="subSpecies" species="perforans" subSpecies="transatlanticus">G. perforans subsp. transatlanticus</taxonomicName>
fruiting on conifer needles: 1)
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. foliiphilus" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" rank="species" species="foliiphilus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">G. foliiphilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
exhibits stipe vesture between villose and barbed, but
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. perforans subsp. transatlanticus" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" rank="subSpecies" species="perforans" subSpecies="transatlanticus">G. perforans subsp. transatlanticus</taxonomicName>
is distinctly spiked/barbed; 2) pileal hairs in
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. foliiphilus" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" rank="species" species="foliiphilus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">G. foliiphilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are stouter than those of
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. perforans subsp. transatlanticus" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" rank="subSpecies" species="perforans" subSpecies="transatlanticus">G. perforans subsp. transatlanticus</taxonomicName>
, and secondarily septate (this may be an artifact); and 3) pileus surface hyphae of
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. foliiphilus" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" rank="species" species="foliiphilus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">G. foliiphilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are often encrusted in small scabs, while those of
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. perforans subsp. transatlanticus" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" rank="subSpecies" species="perforans" subSpecies="transatlanticus">G. perforans subsp. transatlanticus</taxonomicName>
are generally smooth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
In examining numerous specimens eventually accepted as
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. perforans subsp. transatlanticus" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" rank="subSpecies" species="perforans" subSpecies="transatlanticus">G. perforans subsp. transatlanticus</taxonomicName>
, it was unforeseen that a large number of specimens originally fruited on dead
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Tsuga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tsuga" order="Pinales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Coniferophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Tsuga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
needles, a host reported as rare by
<bibRefCitation author="Antonin, V" journalOrPublisher="IHV-Verlag, Berlin" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" refId="B4" refString="Antonin, V, Noordeloos, ME, 2010. A monograph of Marasmioid and Collybioid fungi in Europe. IHV-Verlag, Berlin" title="A monograph of Marasmioid and Collybioid fungi in Europe." year="2010">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Antonín">Antonin</normalizedToken>
and Noordeloos (2010)
</bibRefCitation>
, although this is the case in Europe. Tolerance of this substrate affords the opportunity to subsist at lower elevations (and therefore at higher temperatures) in the southern Appalachian Mountains where spruce/fir forests exist only at the highest elevations
<pageBreakToken pageId="58" pageNumber="59" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
and therefore the coldest temperatures). In the future, it will be interesting to see if this condition extends across North America to the Pacific Northwest, where the spcies of spruce, fir, and hemlock are all different from eastern North American taxa.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
In
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. perforans subsp. transatlanticus" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" rank="subSpecies" species="perforans" subSpecies="transatlanticus">G. perforans subsp. transatlanticus</taxonomicName>
, cheilocystidia may be confused with inflated basidia and/or pleurocystidia. Some shapes of clearly swollen elements assumed to be cheilocystidia are suggestive of sterigmata (but always two - four were not seen), and occasional objects of cheilocystidial size are shaped like fat pleurocystidia
<pageBreakToken pageId="59" pageNumber="60" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
broadly fusiform). Repeated preparations from a single pileus also showed numerous cheilocystidia.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
Rhizomorphs are here described as of two types. The coarser of these are present in virtually every specimen observed, while the extremely fine type were seen in perhaps 25% of the specimens. It can be doubted that the second type actually belong to subsp.
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="subsp. transatlanticus" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" rank="subSpecies" species="perforans" subSpecies="transatlanticus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">transatlanticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but without some proof, they must be described as present.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<pageBreakToken pageId="60" pageNumber="61" start="start">Specimens</pageBreakToken>
examined.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="TFB 14377, TFB 14392, TFB 14400, TFB 14395" collectingDate="2013-09-20" collectingDateMax="2013-09-25" collectingDateMin="2013-09-20" collectorName="Newfoundland" country="Canada" county="Alma" latitude="45.643116" location="Fundy Prov." longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-65.115616" municipality="Fundy Prov. Park" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="New Brunswick">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<collectingCountry name="Canada">Canada</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<collectingRegion country="Canada" name="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
, vic.
<collectingCounty>Alma</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality>
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9FE6366DFB9F548C8EC3FCDD6CC3CA1C:8F1AFCE2DAE6E037C5E6AD008EB89116" country="Canada" county="Alma" latitude="45.643116" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-65.115616" municipality="Fundy Prov. Park" name="Fundy Prov." stateProvince="New Brunswick">Fundy Prov.</location>
Park
</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9FE6366DFB9F548C8EC3FCDD6CC3CA1C:8ABB748B6D0360C8946A2C47B7126BAE" country="Canada" county="Alma" latitude="45.643116" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-65.115616" municipality="Fundy Prov. Park" name="Maple Grove Back Road" stateProvince="New Brunswick">Maple Grove Back Road</location>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="95" direction="north" minutes="35.368" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="95.58947">N95°35.368'</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="64" direction="west" minutes="59.013" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-64.98355">W64°59.013'</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingDate value="2013-09-20">20.IX.2013</collectingDate>
, coll RHP,
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/TFB14377">TFB 14377</accessionNumber>
(TENN-F-69042); same location
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9FE6366DFB9F548C8EC3FCDD6CC3CA1C:0F6E969893015A23D4C935882916A70D" country="Canada" county="Alma" latitude="45.643116" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-65.115616" municipality="Fundy Prov. Park" name="East Branch Trail" stateProvince="New Brunswick">East Branch Trail</location>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="45" direction="north" minutes="38.587" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="45.643116">N45°38.587'</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="65" direction="west" minutes="06.937" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-65.115616">W65°06.937'</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingDate value="2013-09-25">25.IX.2013</collectingDate>
, coll Gary Samuels,
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/TFB14392">TFB 14392</accessionNumber>
(TENN-F-69056); same location,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9FE6366DFB9F548C8EC3FCDD6CC3CA1C:DF00F915FD527A3B08284F69B07E44FD" country="Canada" county="Alma" latitude="45.643116" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-65.115616" municipality="Fundy Prov. Park" name="East Branch Trail" stateProvince="New Brunswick">East Branch Trail</location>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="45" direction="north" minutes="38.587" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="45.643116">N45°38.587'</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="65" direction="west" minutes="06.937" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-65.115616">W65°06.937'</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingDate value="2013-09-25">25.IX.2013</collectingDate>
, coll Gary Samuels,
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/TFB14400">TFB 14400</accessionNumber>
(TENN-F-69064); same location,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9FE6366DFB9F548C8EC3FCDD6CC3CA1C:CC829B525EA9ADEABF3BB2824E7E5BA5" country="Canada" county="Alma" latitude="45.643116" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-65.115616" municipality="Fundy Prov. Park" name="East Branch Trail" stateProvince="New Brunswick">East Branch Trail</location>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="45" direction="north" minutes="38.587" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="45.643116">N45°38.587'</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="65" direction="west" minutes="06.937" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-65.115616">W65°06.937'</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingDate value="2013-09-25">25.IX.2013</collectingDate>
, coll RHP,
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/TFB14395">TFB 14395</accessionNumber>
(TENN-F-69056);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<collectorName>Newfoundland</collectorName>
&amp;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2010-07-31" collectingDateMax="2011-06-11" collectingDateMin="2010-07-31" collectorName="A. Voitk" country="Canada" county="Labrador" latitude="49.431946" location="Newfoundland" longLatPrecision="18" longitude="-57.727222" municipality="Benedict Mts." specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Labrador">
<collectingRegion country="Canada" name="Labrador">Labrador</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty>Labrador</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality>Benedict Mts.</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingDate value="2010-07-31">31.VII.2010</collectingDate>
, coll
<collectorName>A. Voitk</collectorName>
(as
<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. androsaceus" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="androsaceus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">M. androsaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), AV10.07.31 AV03;
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9FE6366DFB9F548C8EC3FCDD6CC3CA1C:38F710F6AF5ED88469E0084BACB894D1" country="Canada" county="Labrador" latitude="49.431946" longLatPrecision="18" longitude="-57.727222" municipality="Benedict Mts." name="Newfoundland" stateProvince="Labrador">Newfoundland</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9FE6366DFB9F548C8EC3FCDD6CC3CA1C:7F5D31EF762DB3A4E528F043DB3BD780" country="Canada" county="Labrador" latitude="49.431946" longLatPrecision="18" longitude="-57.727222" municipality="Benedict Mts." name="Codroy" stateProvince="Labrador">Codroy</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9FE6366DFB9F548C8EC3FCDD6CC3CA1C:DF970A23A5E49076719F35EBE9973226" country="Canada" county="Labrador" latitude="49.431946" longLatPrecision="18" longitude="-57.727222" municipality="Benedict Mts." name="Gillis Cabins" stateProvince="Labrador">Gillis Cabins</location>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="47" direction="north" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="55" value="47.881943">N47°52'55&quot;</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="59" direction="west" minutes="23" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="36" value="-59.393333">W59°23'36&quot;</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingDate value="2011-06-11">11.VI.2011</collectingDate>
, coll
<collectorName>A. Voitk</collectorName>
(as
<taxonomicName genus="Mi." lsidName="Mi. perforans" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="perforans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Mi. perforans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), AV 11.06.11AV01 (TENN-F-69046); Newfoundland,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9FE6366DFB9F548C8EC3FCDD6CC3CA1C:61BC3831B1F4CA1AD57CB4FED55BD2CD" country="Canada" county="Labrador" latitude="49.431946" longLatPrecision="18" longitude="-57.727222" municipality="Benedict Mts." name="Gros Morne Nat. Park" stateProvince="Labrador">Gros Morne Nat. Park</location>
, Stuckless Pond,
<geoCoordinate degrees="49" direction="north" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="55" value="49.431946">N49°25'55&quot;</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="57" direction="west" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="38" value="-57.727222">W57°43'38&quot;</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingDate value="2010-09-18">18.IX.2010</collectingDate>
, coll
<collectorName>A. Voitk</collectorName>
, AV 10.09.18 AV 14
</materialsCitation>
</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1992-08-01" collectingDateMax="1992-08-03" collectingDateMin="1992-08-01" collectorName="SA Gordon, S. A. Gordon" country="Canada" county="Wolfville" location="Cape Split area" municipality="Acadia University" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nova Scotia">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<collectingRegion country="Canada" name="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
,
<collectingCounty>Wolfville</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality>Acadia University</collectingMunicipality>
nature trail,
<collectingDate value="1992-08-01">1.VIII.1992</collectingDate>
, coll
<collectorName>SA Gordon</collectorName>
, TFB 5017 (TENN-F-51431);
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9FE6366DFB9F548C8EC3FCDD6CC3CA1C:E59C8B4F57AA2026AC632E85079D03FC" country="Canada" county="Wolfville" municipality="Acadia University" name="Cape Split area" stateProvince="Nova Scotia">Cape Split area</location>
, 45°20'02&quot; N, 64°30'02&quot;W,
<collectingDate value="1992-08-03">3.VIII.1992</collectingDate>
, coll.
<collectorName>S.A. Gordon</collectorName>
, TFB 5029 (TENN-F-51440)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="TFB 13319" collectingDate="2006-07-29" collectorName="E. Lickey" country="Canada" county="Quebec-Montmorency Co." location="Camping Municipal de Beauport" municipality="Beauport" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Quebec" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<collectingRegion country="Canada" name="Quebec">Quebec</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
,
<collectingCounty>Quebec-Montmorency Co.</collectingCounty>
, vic.
<collectingMunicipality>Beauport</collectingMunicipality>
, &quot;
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9FE6366DFB9F548C8EC3FCDD6CC3CA1C:9E7CDA6CD9A636C3ABB6337859F76DE7" country="Canada" county="Quebec-Montmorency Co." municipality="Beauport" name="Camping Municipal de Beauport" stateProvince="Quebec">Camping Municipal de Beauport</location>
,&quot; 46°54.022'N, 71°10.507&quot;W,
<collectingDate value="2006-07-29">29.VII.2006</collectingDate>
, coll
<collectorName>E. Lickey</collectorName>
,
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/TFB13319">TFB 13319</accessionNumber>
(TENN-F-61587;
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="TFB 14327" collectingDate="2013-08-31" collectorName="Sandy Scheine" country="United States" county="Hartford Co." latitude="41.61299" location="Salmon River State Forest" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-72.424286" municipality="Colchester" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Connecticut" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<collectingCountry name="United States of America">United States</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<collectingRegion country="United States of America" name="Connecticut">Connecticut</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
,
<collectingCounty>Hartford Co.</collectingCounty>
, vic.
<collectingMunicipality>Colchester</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9FE6366DFB9F548C8EC3FCDD6CC3CA1C:2D52FA5A934BD7B361184844C7B749DC" country="United States" county="Hartford Co." latitude="41.61299" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-72.424286" municipality="Colchester" name="Salmon River State Forest" stateProvince="Connecticut">Salmon River State Forest</location>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="41" direction="north" minutes="36" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="46.77" value="41.61299">N41°36'46.77&quot;</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="27.43" value="-72.424286">W72°25'27.43&quot;</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingDate value="2013-08-31">31.VIII.2013</collectingDate>
, coll.
<collectorName>Sandy Scheine</collectorName>
,
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/TFB14327">TFB 14327</accessionNumber>
(TENN-F-68179)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="TFB 14348" collectingDate="1989-09-09" collectingDateMax="2013-09-null" collectingDateMin="1989-09-09" collectorName="SA Gordon" country="United States of America" county="Cortland Co." latitude="41.83908" location="Hoxie Gorge Preserve" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-74.50553" municipality="Marathon" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="New York" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<collectingRegion country="United States of America" name="New York">New York</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
,
<collectingCounty>Cortland Co.</collectingCounty>
, vic.
<collectingMunicipality>Marathon</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9FE6366DFB9F548C8EC3FCDD6CC3CA1C:4A2E1344E77CF9237A452AC8BE06EADF" country="United States of America" county="Cortland Co." latitude="41.83908" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-74.50553" municipality="Marathon" name="Hoxie Gorge Preserve" stateProvince="New York">Hoxie Gorge Preserve</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9FE6366DFB9F548C8EC3FCDD6CC3CA1C:9CF4281C97B8FB13CD3BDC7904AEB947" country="United States of America" county="Cortland Co." latitude="41.83908" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-74.50553" municipality="Marathon" name="Lower Gorge Trail" stateProvince="New York">Lower Gorge Trail</location>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="42" direction="north" minutes="32.871" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="42.54785">N42°32.871'</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="4.707" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-76.07845">W76°4.707'</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingDate value="2013-09-null">3.IX.2013</collectingDate>
, coll RHP,
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/TFB14348">TFB 14348</accessionNumber>
(TENN-F-68198);
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9FE6366DFB9F548C8EC3FCDD6CC3CA1C:66B7FD44A15CF682079CEF87776447F5" country="United States of America" county="Cortland Co." latitude="41.83908" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-74.50553" municipality="Marathon" name="Ulster Co." stateProvince="New York">Ulster Co.</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9FE6366DFB9F548C8EC3FCDD6CC3CA1C:73DA4CEA01DB43389A10F743A9B62F19" country="United States of America" county="Cortland Co." latitude="41.83908" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-74.50553" municipality="Marathon" name="Frost Valley" stateProvince="New York">Frost Valley</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9FE6366DFB9F548C8EC3FCDD6CC3CA1C:B59E9192472F4EBF49016CE510BB4C3A" country="United States of America" county="Cortland Co." latitude="41.83908" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-74.50553" municipality="Marathon" name="Spring Ridge Trail" stateProvince="New York">Spring Ridge Trail</location>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="41" direction="north" minutes="50" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="20.7" value="41.83908">N41°50'20.7&quot;</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="74" direction="west" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="19.9" value="-74.50553">W74°30'19.9&quot;</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingDate value="1989-09-09">9.IX.1989</collectingDate>
, coll
<collectorName>SA Gordon</collectorName>
, TFB 2146 (TENN-F-49764); same location,
<geoCoordinate degrees="41" direction="north" minutes="50" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="20.7" value="41.83908">N41°50'20.7&quot;</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="74" direction="west" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="19.9" value="-74.50553">W74°30'19.9&quot;</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingDate value="1989-09-09">9.IX.1989</collectingDate>
, coll
<collectorName>SA Gordon</collectorName>
, TFB 2151 (TENN-F-49782)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1966-07-09" collectingDateMax="1992-06-13" collectingDateMin="1966-07-09" collectorName="SA Gordon, L. R. Hesler" country="United States of America" county="Macon Co." location="Standing Indian Campground" municipality="Franklin" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="North Carolina" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<collectingRegion country="United States of America" name="North Carolina">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
,
<collectingCounty>Macon Co.</collectingCounty>
, vic.
<collectingMunicipality>Franklin</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9FE6366DFB9F548C8EC3FCDD6CC3CA1C:C2E96471BAA035D838A8341C0341F584" country="United States of America" county="Macon Co." municipality="Franklin" name="Standing Indian Campground" stateProvince="North Carolina">Standing Indian Campground</location>
,
<collectingDate value="1992-06-13">13.VI.1992</collectingDate>
, coll
<collectorName>SA Gordon</collectorName>
, TFB 4913 (TENN-F-51231);
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9FE6366DFB9F548C8EC3FCDD6CC3CA1C:D3A5372A57C7FDC4329782C2F4432D7F" country="United States of America" county="Macon Co." municipality="Franklin" name="Highlands" stateProvince="North Carolina">Highlands</location>
,
<collectingDate value="1966-07-09">9.VII.1966</collectingDate>
, coll
<collectorName>L.R. Hesler</collectorName>
(as
<taxonomicName class="Basidiomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Marasmius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Marasmius" order="Agaricales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Marasmius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.), TENN-F-29279
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="TFB 13121" collectingDate="1962-08-04" collectingDateMax="2006-06-30" collectingDateMin="1962-08-04" collectorName="Cades Cove, L. R. Hesler, Spruce-fir Nature Trail, SA Gordon" country="United States of America" county="Blount Co." latitude="35.577915" location="Newfound Gap" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-83.479836" municipality="Indian Gap. Appalachian Trail" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tennessee" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<collectingRegion country="United States of America" name="Tennessee">Tennessee</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
,
<collectingCounty>Blount Co.</collectingCounty>
, GSMNP,
<collectingMunicipality>Indian Gap. Appalachian Trail</collectingMunicipality>
toward
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9FE6366DFB9F548C8EC3FCDD6CC3CA1C:0952A5C032F7D6EF24698BA2D9A810FE" country="United States of America" county="Blount Co." latitude="35.577915" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-83.479836" municipality="Indian Gap. Appalachian Trail" name="Newfound Gap" stateProvince="Tennessee">Newfound Gap</location>
, near top of ridge,
<collectingDate value="2006-06-30">30.VI.2006</collectingDate>
, coll RHP &amp; KWH,
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/TFB13121">TFB 13121</accessionNumber>
(TENN-F-61211); GSMNP,
<collectorName>Cades Cove</collectorName>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="35" direction="north" minutes="35" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="35.583332">N35°35'</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="83" direction="west" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-83.833336">W83°50'</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingDate value="1962-08-04">4.VIII.1962</collectingDate>
, coll &amp; det
<collectorName>L.R. Hesler</collectorName>
(as
<taxonomicName class="Basidiomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Marasmius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Marasmius" order="Agaricales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Marasmius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.), TENN-F-24923;
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, GSMNP,
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Clingman’s">Clingman's</normalizedToken>
Dome Rd.
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,
<geoCoordinate degrees="35" direction="north" minutes="34" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="40.5" value="35.577915">N35°34'40.5&quot;</geoCoordinate>
,
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,
<collectingDate value="1989-07-21">21.VII.1989</collectingDate>
, coll
<collectorName>SA Gordon</collectorName>
, TFB 2114 (TENN-F-49259)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

129
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:08D833F9-97C9-4787-BCCE-D865270E9F5A" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Odontacolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontacolus mot" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mot">Odontacolus mot</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="53" pageNumber="54">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figures 55, 227-232; Morphbank 81
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Female. Body length: 1.92 mm (n=1). Antenna color: completely yellow. Body color: head, mesosoma, T1 (except horn), anterior portion of T2 yellow, metasoma otherwise dark brown. Coxae color: yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: completely hyaline.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<pageBreakToken pageId="54" pageNumber="55" start="start">Head</pageBreakToken>
. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: largely smooth ventrally, dorsally with sinuate, transverse ridges. Surface of torular triangle: slightly bulging. Development of central keel on frons: present, elongate, reaching anterior ocellus. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: covered by sinuate, transverse, fine costae. Sculpture of malar space: granulose throughout. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: normal. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: 0.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="–1.2×">-1.2x</normalizedToken>
maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: present, well-defined but small (length less than 0.3 of malar sulcus length). Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: granulate. Sculpture of occipital carina: largely simple, at most with sparse weak crenulae medially. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: at least 2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weak, small granulae. Sculpture of gena: granulose.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), well-defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: upper 1/3 granulose, lower 1/3 with transverse foveae, otherwise smooth. Netrion: present, smooth, well developed, sub-obovate. Notaulus: present, simple. Length of notaulus: approximately less than or equal to 1/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow (notaulus width less than or equal to half the width of tegula). Sculpture of mesoscutum: weakly rugulose mixed with weak granulae. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: granulose. Mesoscutellar profile: elevated, anterior margin higher than posterior. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: densely, finely rugulose. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: elongate, narrow, apex rounded. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: smooth or largely smooth. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: weakly coriaceous. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across half width. Metapleural sculpture: mainly smooth, lower third sparsely longitudinally carinate.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Wings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: narrow, short. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: largely smooth, with sparse longitudinal carinae. Lateral carinae on T2: present, well-defined. Sculpture of T2: longitudinally costate, posterior margin smooth. Sculpture of T3: anterior two-thirds weakly longitudinally costate, posterior third weakly coriaceous mesally, otherwise densely granulose. Sculpture of S3-S6: S3 weakly granulose, S4-S6 weakly, finely coriaceous. S2 anterior carina: present, cristate, uninterrupted.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Male. Unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
This species is very similar to
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Odontacolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontacolus markadicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="markadicus">Odontacolus markadicus</taxonomicName>
; however,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Odontacolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontacolus mot" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mot">Odontacolus mot</taxonomicName>
differs from it by the larger body size (1.92 mm vs. 1.74 mm or less), the broader transverse sinuate carinae on the upper frons (in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Odontacolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontacolus markadicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="markadicus">Odontacolus markadicus</taxonomicName>
the sculpturing is completely absent or if present then the carinae are thin and straighter than in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Odontacolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontacolus mot" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mot">Odontacolus mot</taxonomicName>
), and by the denser and less evenly distributed setae on the metasoma. Additionally, T2 in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Odontacolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontacolus mot" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mot">Odontacolus mot</taxonomicName>
is more quadrate, while it is more elongate and less broad posteriorly in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Odontacolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontacolus markadicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="markadicus">Odontacolus markadicus</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="55">The name of this species is an arbitrary combination of letters and is used as a noun in apposition.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="link to distribution map">
<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Link to distribution map.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="55">82</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="material examined">
<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Material Examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Holotype female: INDIA: Tamil Nadu St., Coimbatore, 7.XI.1979, Boucek, OSUC 239205 (deposited in BMNH).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<pageBreakToken pageId="55" pageNumber="56" start="start">Comments</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
The holotype is in perfect condition. The differences between
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Odontacolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontacolus mot" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mot">Odontacolus mot</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Odontacolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontacolus markadicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="markadicus">Odontacolus markadicus</taxonomicName>
could be associated with the difference in body size. However, since
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Odontacolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontacolus mot" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mot">Odontacolus mot</taxonomicName>
also differs in metasomal setation and sculpture, we have chosen to treat them as separate species until additional material of
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is available.
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
</document>

74
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<taxonomicName id="1668CA9203658915AEC83D79E2E74D0D" genus="Ichneumonoidea" lsidName="Ichneumonoidea rufipes" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" rank="species" species="rufipes">rufipes</taxonomicName>
(
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, 1838,
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) preocc.
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(Ratzeburg, 1852,
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)
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<paragraph id="F51728027A0197661CDE0130ABE00327" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151">England, Ireland</paragraph>
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380" ID-PMC="PMC6033956" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-102-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="AA226A35FFF8FFBC37621A40C2518C67" ID-PubMed="30002597" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1306325" ModsDocID="1314-2003-102-1" checkinTime="1530324112772" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="DeFilipps, Robert A. &amp; Krupnick, Gary A." docDate="2018" docId="9FE6C8C3C5795445B3003B596951786F" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 102: 1-341" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 102" docPubDate="2018-06-28" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380" docTitle="Indigofera cassioides DC. (= I. pulchella Roxb.)" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="AA226A35FFF8FFBC37621A40C2518C67" lastPageNumber="85" masterDocId="AA226A35FFF8FFBC37621A40C2518C67" masterDocTitle="The medicinal plants of Myanmar" masterLastPageNumber="341" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="85" updateTime="1668138950833" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>The medicinal plants of Myanmar</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>DeFilipps, Robert A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Deceased</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Krupnick, Gary A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1357-4826</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC- 166, Washington, DC, 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">krupnick@si.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2018-06-28</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>102</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>341</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-102-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">AA226A35FFF8FFBC37621A40C2518C67</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1306325</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182396251" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9FE6C8C3C5795445B3003B596951786F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9FE6C8C3C5795445B3003B596951786F" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<subSubSection pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<taxonomicName LSID="9FE6C8C3-C579-5445-B300-3B596951786F" authority="DC. (= I. pulchella Roxb.)" authorityName="DC. (= I. pulchella Roxb.)" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Indigofera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Indigofera cassioides" order="Fabales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cassioides">Indigofera cassioides DC. (= I. pulchella Roxb.)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="names">
<paragraph pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Names.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Myanmar</emphasis>
:
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">kan-tin</emphasis>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">mawk-kham</emphasis>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">taw-mevaing</emphasis>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Hawaiian</emphasis>
:
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">sakina</emphasis>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">English</emphasis>
: kathu.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="range">
<paragraph pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Range.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Pakistan, India, Myanmar, China, Siam, and Indochina. In Myanmar, found in Bago, Chin, Mandalay, and Shan.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="use">
<paragraph pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Use.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Roots</emphasis>
: Used for coughs.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
In India the powdered root of this species is externally applied for chest pain; a decoction of the root is used for coughs. Medicinal uses for several other species belonging to this genus are also discussed (
<bibRefCitation author="Jain, SK" journalOrPublisher="Phytotherapy Research" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" refId="B50" refString="Jain, SK, DeFilipps, RA, 1991. Medicinal Plants of India. 2 Vols. Reference Publications, Inc, Algonac." title="Medicinal Plants of India. 2 Vols. Reference Publications, Inc, Algonac." year="1991">Jain and DeFilipps 1991</bibRefCitation>
). Medicinal uses of the species in China are discussed in
<bibRefCitation author="Duke, JA" journalOrPublisher="Lipid / Fett" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" refId="B34" refString="Duke, JA, Ayensu, ES, 1985. Medicinal Plants of China. 2 Vols. Reference Publications, Inc., Algonac." title="Medicinal Plants of China. 2 Vols. Reference Publications, Inc., Algonac." year="1985">Duke and Ayensu (1985)</bibRefCitation>
; and medicinal uses in South China, China, Taiwan, Indonesia, and the Philippines are discussed in
<bibRefCitation author="Perry, LM" journalOrPublisher="Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" refId="B90" refString="Perry, LM, 1980. Medicinal Plants of East and South-East Asia: Attributed Properties and Uses. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London." title="Medicinal Plants of East and South-East Asia: Attributed Properties and Uses. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London." year="1980">Perry (1980)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="reference">
<paragraph pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Reference.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<bibRefCitation author="Perry, LM" journalOrPublisher="Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" refId="B90" refString="Perry, LM, 1980. Medicinal Plants of East and South-East Asia: Attributed Properties and Uses. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London." title="Medicinal Plants of East and South-East Asia: Attributed Properties and Uses. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London." year="1980">Perry (1980)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>