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<mods:title id="0D06419F1D2D0B6B13DF955A2B8879B3">Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part A)</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="B9131E8DEC76A558CAB40386AD36CDBA">Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="0AC29BE028ACED0A25905E504F283E46" ID-CoL="66P5J" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1771" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Andropogon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="prostratus">
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<emphasis id="212C8A8174FEA33E5AF3BD3A4A4F306C" bold="true" pageNumber="292">Andropogon prostratus</emphasis>
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Linnaeus
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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,
|
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<emphasis id="45326D878DDEB0DFF642852930C6C97D" italics="true" pageNumber="292">
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<volumeTitle id="617D4D0313900FC2EF22C36F53F400A6">Mantissa Plantarum Altera</volumeTitle>
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</emphasis>
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||||
: 304. 1771
|
||||
</bibCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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||||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A6E4528779F5C61311D6F9BC97DCF45C" pageNumber="292" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="B62FCA22C94F4F9BE5B7FBF560D2E30C" pageNumber="292">
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"Habitat in
|
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<taxonomicName id="27834B20793BAC2F3A940607940D68E8" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="India" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">India</taxonomicName>
|
||||
orientali. Koenig." RCN: 7550.
|
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D762CEE4D88A2C2FEE443CF7CEDD92DC" pageNumber="292" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="9BA71406635895EA4F069EB9FA493468" pageNumber="292">
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<materialsCitation id="3929B79A4168F615B13B73FC04EBA22C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2612071131" collectionCode="LINN" specimenCode="1211.8" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
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<typeStatus id="A8B65037CD6E9420324FB8AAEBA8DD5B">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
(Renvoize in Cafferty & al. in
|
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<emphasis id="A5015B89C2751F25D78110206D6A68FC" italics="true" pageNumber="292">Taxon</emphasis>
|
||||
49: 246. 2000): Herb. Linn. No. 1211.8 (
|
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<collectionCode id="82515A25825599B037D994E9546FE13F">LINN</collectionCode>
|
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)
|
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="78C8C09ABE3F5FE7EA03582DE6B26A05" pageNumber="292" type="nomenclature">
|
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<paragraph id="2FD2BAA40597BA37B4DF4F2D85924C89" pageNumber="292">
|
||||
Current name:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FDAD77C28CBCAF7FBF57C275F8965DC8" ID-CoL="6MXJP" ID-ENA="330568" authority="(L.) Andersson" authorityName="Andersson" authorityYear="1856" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1771" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Iseilema" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="prostratum">
|
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<emphasis id="E7B71C8C069F4CEF268C3813FA0A17EF" bold="true" pageNumber="292">
|
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<emphasis id="14E57AE11D80C5F1C5884769A90B5481" bold="true" italics="true" pageNumber="292">Iseilema prostratum</emphasis>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(L.) Andersson
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3B2EB4141CAAFA5868033C9E8C8F6979" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="59793314CB6045C61D13E8751A060B69" pageNumber="292" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="5109C4EFEE14F019C008FC916C50EF25" pageNumber="292">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D5D74EEFBF501590FB7123CE054088A5" italics="true" pageNumber="292">Note:</emphasis>
|
||||
Specific epithet spelled
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="C8EA90FA54D96C611C040D1F0C4ACEFA" originalValue="“prostratum”">"prostratum"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
in the protologue.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
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</treatment>
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</document>
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94
data/9F/A5/3D/9FA53DFECB8DA8C93ACC99D6F63CF735.xml
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94
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@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
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<treatment id="9FA53DFECB8DA8C93ACC99D6F63CF735" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152055252" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9FA53DFECB8DA8C93ACC99D6F63CF735" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9FA53DFECB8DA8C93ACC99D6F63CF735" lastPageId="160" lastPageNumber="161" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">
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<subSubSection id="2680B9F47EB804C269EE37066383F4C3" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="058B878DBD3BCC75B504FF7C88395C38" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Chrysomelidae</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="5D3B8DFB63B7ED2BB40B451EA6DC629C" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="DEE9989B0F61340E9CA509FD58B3C1CA" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">
|
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<taxonomicName id="5594FCB9E6063C823416C9B867C336A4" ID-CoL="69J2H" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Cephaloleia_immaculata" authority="Staines, 1996" authorityName="Staines" authorityYear="1996" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cephaloleia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cephaloleia immaculata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="immaculata">Cephaloleia immaculata Staines, 1996</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Fig. 163
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="FE677E6CA077EB0092E99B5757F10BF2" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="B3CA3F63B97E0171019776A3816976B4" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0500B9ADD8DB514A82E07C4E7DF424E2" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cephaloleia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cephaloleia immaculata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="immaculata">Cephaloleia immaculata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="31B96EF0FA1C954318F4FD0829783C75" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">Staines 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 38.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E16CC42409A0B0460614D86FA10EAFC1" author="McKenna, DD" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="290" pageNumber="291" pagination="117 - 131" title="Molecular phylogenetics and evolution of host plant use in the Neotropical rolled leaf ' hispine' beetle genus Cephaloleia (Chevrolat) (Coleoptera: Cassidinae)." url="10.1016/j.ympev.2005.06.011" volume="37" year="2005">McKenna and Farrell 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 119 (phylogeny),
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="22B6ACD8D3EF562B962A5E18262F6EA4" author="McKenna, DD" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences" pageId="290" pageNumber="291" pagination="10947 - 10951" title="Tropical forests are both evolutionary cradles and museums of leaf beetle diversity." url="10.1073/pnas.0602712103" volume="103" year="2006">2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 10949 (phylogeny).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="4C72F14DBE09A88ECCA2CFF475607A41" lastPageId="160" lastPageNumber="161" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="95896C5F6BAAF4BE6B6D83085548A85B" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="786DDE4BB878FFB4083BDB7763462336" lastPageId="160" lastPageNumber="161" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">
|
||||
Large; elongate; subparallel; subdepressed; reddish-brown, eyes darker; venter with meso- and metasterna paler medially, darker laterally. Head: vertex sparsely punctate, medial sulcus absent; frons not projecting; not depressed between eyes.
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="3754313DA9338D2B24EAA0E0626EF316" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" start="start">Antenna</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
: reaches to humerus; robust; antennomere 1 incrassate, as long as 2-4 combined; 2-3 transverse, each with projection on inner apex; 4-10 transverse, decreasing in length; 11 2
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="21895E483B35249EB3BFA7764A12E5AB" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
length of 10, pointed at apex; 1-4 punctate with scattered setae; 5-11 setose. Pronotum: transverse; lateral margin straight then rounding to anterior angle, margined; anterior angle rounded, slightly produced; posterior angle acute; anterior margin weakly emarginate behind head; disc flattened; surface sparsely punctate; basal impression absent; pronotal length 1.3-1.6 mm; pronotal width 1.9-2.0 mm. Scutellum: pentagonal; alutaceous. Elytron: lateral margin straight, smooth, margined; apex rounded; sutural angle without tooth; humerus rounded, slightly produced; slightly constricted behind humerus; shallowly punctate-striate, humerus virtually impunctate; rows converge and unite near apex; declivity beginning just behind humerus along puncture row 7 with weak carina; elytral length 5.0-5.7 mm; elytral width 2.3-2.7 mm. Venter: pro-, meso-, and metasterna impunctate medially, punctate laterally; abdominal sterna punctate, each puncture with pale seta; suture between sterna 1 and 2 obsolete medially. Leg: robust; impunctate; tibia with fringe of setae on inner margin of apex. Total length: 6.6-7.8 mm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="161A4CC039CF0EC18029681492041E4F" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="1EE1D4F62D88A834134D0F16D0672CE8" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="866172AB45E4F5AE725D887F8F701CD2" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">
|
||||
This species is similar to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="04EB813785AC4128834F7324DF4313B7" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cephaloleia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cephaloleia congener" order="Coleoptera" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="congener">Cephaloleia congener</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. It can be distinguished by the sparsely punctate pronotum, by the suture between abdominal sterna 1 and 2 being obsolete medially, and by antennomere 1 being subequal in length to 2 to 4 combined.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B9223F3D64E013DEC1793B1F149B5B56" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="6967DF2F1A8F50DC823BC124CF7F7578" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="38F914B761B34598EFD7C52A6779547B" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">Costa Rica.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="25CDFBE65DF85DA7AF7F916C02330567" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" type="type material examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E40F7742857866806797A2BBD99158A5" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">Type material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="EC65619EB47090599B2E4B24763C5640" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">Holotype: Estacion Boscosa, Peninsula de Osa, Pro. Punt. Costa Rica, R. W. Flowers, R. Aguilar. 15 Set 1991 L-N-294500, 517000/ Costa Rica CR10000, 516949/ Holotype Cephaloleia immaculata Staines, Des. C. L. Staines 1994 [red label] (INBIO).</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="D1DC30CBCFE199138FA68BEDE3A08AB9" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" type="specimens examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="348FE6239C2DCE393191A3E22263797B" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E5FA69DAACA1D31E2DC80EF95E48C1D3" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">COSTA RICA: Puntarenas- Rancho Quemado, 200 m, Peninsula de Osa, August 1992, September 1992, October 1992 (INBIO); Est. Sirena, P. N. Corcovado, 0-100 m, October 1989 (INBIO, USNM). Total: 14.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
157
data/9F/A5/C9/9FA5C9DD4C785167AD11E48DC2B7B36A.xml
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157
data/9F/A5/C9/9FA5C9DD4C785167AD11E48DC2B7B36A.xml
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|
|
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|
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="160631111" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9FA5C9DD4C785167AD11E48DC2B7B36A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9FA5C9DD4C785167AD11E48DC2B7B36A" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="9FA5C9DD-4C78-5167-AD11-E48DC2B7B36A" authority="Williston" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Peradon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peradon niger" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">Peradon niger (Williston)</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 36–47" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figures 36 - 47. 36 - 46 Wings of Peradon species of the bidens - group: 36 P. bidens ♂ Suriname RMNH 37 P. bispina ♂ holotype 38 P. aurifascia ♂ holotype 39 P. angustiventris ♂ Suriname RMNH 40 P. angustus ♀ neotype 41 P. flavipennis ♀ holotype 42 P. normalis var. SUR- 17 B ♀ Suriname RMNH 43 P. normalis typical var. ♀ Suriname RMNH 44 P. pompiloides ♂ holotype 45 P. pompiloides ♀ paratype 46 P. niger ♂ holotype 47 Wing of P. palpator ♂ holotype (flavofascium group)" figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures36-47" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362280" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures36-47">Figs 46</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 119–128" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figures 119 - 128. Dorsal habitus of Peradon species (bidens group) 119 P.? normalis ♂ Brazil Rondonia LACM 120 P. normalis typical morph ♀ French Guiana RMNH 121 P. normalis red morph ♀ Brazil Para LACM 122 P. normalis SUR- 17 b morph ♀ 123 P. niger ♂ holotype 124 P. niger ♀ (holotype M. manni Shannon) 125 P. flavipennis ♀ holotype 126 P. pompiloides ♂ holotype 127 P. pompiloides ♀ paratype 128 P. bispina ♂ Brazil CNC. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures119-128" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362292" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures119-128">123</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 119–128" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figures 119 - 128. Dorsal habitus of Peradon species (bidens group) 119 P.? normalis ♂ Brazil Rondonia LACM 120 P. normalis typical morph ♀ French Guiana RMNH 121 P. normalis red morph ♀ Brazil Para LACM 122 P. normalis SUR- 17 b morph ♀ 123 P. niger ♂ holotype 124 P. niger ♀ (holotype M. manni Shannon) 125 P. flavipennis ♀ holotype 126 P. pompiloides ♂ holotype 127 P. pompiloides ♀ paratype 128 P. bispina ♂ Brazil CNC. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures119-128" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362292" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures119-128">124</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 212–217" captionStartId="F37" captionText="Figures 212 - 217. 212 - 215 Peradon luridescens female, holotype: 212 habitus dorsal 213 habitus lateral 214 head frontal 215 head lateral 216, 217 Peradon niger male, holotype: 216 habitus dorsal 217 head frontal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures212-217" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362307" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures212-217">216</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 212–217" captionStartId="F37" captionText="Figures 212 - 217. 212 - 215 Peradon luridescens female, holotype: 212 habitus dorsal 213 habitus lateral 214 head frontal 215 head lateral 216, 217 Peradon niger male, holotype: 216 habitus dorsal 217 head frontal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures212-217" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362307" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures212-217">217</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 268–273" captionStartId="F46" captionText="Figures 268 - 273. Male genitalia of Peradon species 268 P. costaricensis paratype 269 P.? normalis Brazil Rondonia LACM 270 P. niger holotype 271 P. bispina holotype 272 P. pompiloides holotype 273 P. aurifascia Sao Paulo CNC." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures268-273" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362316" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.896.36493.figures268-273">270</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Microdon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microdon niger" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">Microdon niger</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Williston, 1891: 4. Holotype ♂: Mexico (NHMUK) [examined];
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.49898" author="Thompson, FC" journalOrPublisher="A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 195" refId="B29" refString="Thompson, FC, Vockeroth, JR, Sedman, YS, 1976. Family Syrphidae. A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States 46: 1 - 195" title="Family Syrphidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.49898" volume="46" year="1976">Thompson et al. 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 66.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Microdon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microdon manni" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manni">Microdon manni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Shannon, 1923: 80. Holotype ♀: Bolivia (USNM) [examined].
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Peradon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peradon niger" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">Peradon niger</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Williston):
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.288.4095" author="Reemer, M" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 213" refId="B25" refString="Reemer, M, Stahls, G, 2013a. Generic revision and species classification of the Microdontinae (Diptera, Syrphidae). ZooKeys 288: 1 - 213" title="Generic revision and species classification of the Microdontinae (Diptera, Syrphidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.288.4095" volume="288" year="2013 a">
|
||||
Reemer and
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ståhls">Stahls</normalizedToken>
|
||||
2013a
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 146.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="studied type specimens">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Studied type specimens.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Mexico • 1 ♂, holotype of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Microdon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microdon niger" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Microdon niger</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Williston; Pancina, Vera Paz., Champion"; 1903; F.D. Godman & O. Salvin leg.; NHMUK. Label 1 (small, round, red-bordered): "Holo- / type"; label 2: "Pancina, / Vera Paz. / Champion."; label 3: "Sp. figured."; label 4: "Microdon [male sign] / niger, Will."; label 5: "Biol. Centr. Amer. / Dipt. - Syrphidae. / F.D. Godman, / O. Salvin. / 1903-51.".
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Bolivia • 1 ♀, holotype of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Microdon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microdon manni" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manni">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Microdon manni</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Shannon; USNM. Label 1: "Ivon Beni / Mann. Bol."; label 2: "W.M. Mann / collector"; label 3 (red): "Type No. / 25951 / U.S.N.M."; label 4: "Microdon / manni / Shannon"; label 5: "= niger Will. / C.T.G."; label 6 (barcode): "USMM ENT 00250236".
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="additional specimens">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Additional specimens.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mexico • 1 ♂; Chiapas, 6.0 km SW Ocosingo; 22 Sep. 1992; M. Wood leg.; CNC.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peru • 1 ♀; Madre de Dios, Rio Tambopata Reserve, 30 air km SW Puerto Maldonado; 1-26 Nov. 1982; E.S. Ross leg.; CAS.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Body length: male 14.5-15 mm, female 15.5-16 mm. This is a species with a black body and blackish wings with a large whitish apical wing mark. From similarly coloured species (
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. bispina" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bispina">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. bispina</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. normalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="normalis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. normalis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. pompiloides" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pompiloides">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. pompiloides</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) this species differs by the entirely microtrichose alula.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Notes.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
The two specimens from Mexico (including the type of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. niger" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. niger</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) are males, whereas the two specimens from Bolivia (i.e., the type of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. manni" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="manni">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. manni</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) and Peru are both females. Apart from usual sexual dimorphism, no morphological differences could be found. This supports the synonymization of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Microdon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microdon manni" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manni">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Microdon manni</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Shannon with
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. niger" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. niger</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Williston by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.49898" author="Thompson, FC" journalOrPublisher="A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 195" refId="B29" refString="Thompson, FC, Vockeroth, JR, Sedman, YS, 1976. Family Syrphidae. A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States 46: 1 - 195" title="Family Syrphidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.49898" volume="46" year="1976">Thompson et al. (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. However, the type localities of these taxa (Bolivia and Mexico, respectively) are far apart, and the types are of opposite sexes. Support for this synonymy would be stronger if males and females of both areas could be compared with each other.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Known from southern Mexico and Amazonian parts of Bolivia and Peru.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
136
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136
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|
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<mods:namePart>Kuetegue, Felix</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Sonke, Bonaventure</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Ameka, Gabriel K.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part>
|
||||
<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number>121</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start>81</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end>131</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.121.29924</mods:url>
|
||||
</mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.121.29924</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-121-81</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">B21D393FFFFBFC4EFF96FFA7FFF98263</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3484962</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="157119299" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9FA5CA5BD4809621711FA0F20028BE8B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9FA5CA5BD4809621711FA0F20028BE8B" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="1A1A436D-DDA6-50CE-94B8-375A57A417AD" authority="Jacq. - Fel., Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia Ser. 4, 3 (2): 143 (1981)" authorityName="Jacq. - Fel., Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia Ser. 4, 3 (2): 143" authorityYear="1981" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Calvoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Calvoa stenophylla" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stenophylla">
|
||||
Calvoa stenophylla Jacq.-
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fél">Fel</normalizedToken>
|
||||
., Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sér">Ser</normalizedToken>
|
||||
. 4, 3(2): 143 (1981)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Type.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||||
Cameroon, 10 km Southeast of Zingui, 16 Mar 1968,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">R. Letouzey 9083</emphasis>
|
||||
. (Holotype: P; isotype: YA).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||||
Small herb, about 20 cm high; stem flexible; roots spreading and fibrous; leaves narrow-lanceolate 4-6
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
0.2-0.5 cm; flowers terminal, pink.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="specimen examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Specimen examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||||
Minsomo River, 10 km southeast of Zingui,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="2" direction="north" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="2.9333334">2°56'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="9" direction="east" minutes="54" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="9.9">9°54'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 16 Mar 1968,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">R. Letouzey 9083</emphasis>
|
||||
(YA).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="habitat">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Habitat.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Rocks on bed of Minsomo River.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||||
Cameroon (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 11–19" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 11 - 19. 11 Cyperus cataractarum K. Schum ex Engl. 12 Plectranthus cataractarum B. J. Pollard 13 Calvoa stenophylla Jacq. - Fel. 14 Eugenia dusenii Engl. 15 Biophytum talbotii (Baker f.) Hutch. & Dalziel 16 Biophytum zenkeri Guillaumin 17 Pandanus satabiei Huynh 18 Eragrostis barteri C. E. Hubb. 19 Ixora euosmia K. Schum." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.121.29924.figures11-19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/300481" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">13</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and Equatorial Guinea.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="conservation status">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Conservation status in Cameroon.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jacq. - Fel., Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia Ser. 4, 3 (2): 143" authorityYear="1981" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Calvoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Calvoa stenophylla" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stenophylla">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Calvoa stenophylla</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is listed on http://www.iucnredlist.org as Endangered (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Cheek, M" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" refId="B11" refString="Cheek, M, 2015. Calvoastenophylla. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015: e.T202776A2752734. [Downloaded on 09 August 2018]" title="Calvoastenophylla. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015: e. T 202776 A 2752734. [Downloaded on 09 August 2018]" year="2015">Cheek 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). The species was assessed as Critically Endangered (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Onana, JM" journalOrPublisher="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" refId="B66" refString="Onana, JM, Cheek, M, 2011. Red data list of the flowering plants of Cameroon: IUCN Global Assessments. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew" title="Red data list of the flowering plants of Cameroon: IUCN Global Assessments." year="2011">Onana and Cheek 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), since it was known from only one locality and the associated threats at the time.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Cheek, M" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" refId="B11" refString="Cheek, M, 2015. Calvoastenophylla. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015: e.T202776A2752734. [Downloaded on 09 August 2018]" title="Calvoastenophylla. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015: e. T 202776 A 2752734. [Downloaded on 09 August 2018]" year="2015">Cheek (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
reassessed the species, globally as Endangered, since the number of localities has increased to two, and area of occupancy of 8 km2. The second locality is in Equatorial Guinea (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Cheek, M" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" refId="B11" refString="Cheek, M, 2015. Calvoastenophylla. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015: e.T202776A2752734. [Downloaded on 09 August 2018]" title="Calvoastenophylla. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015: e. T 202776 A 2752734. [Downloaded on 09 August 2018]" year="2015">Cheek 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). In Cameroon, the species is only known from one locality and the area of occupancy is about 4 km2. The extent of occurrence (EOO) is estimated at 1 km2, following the IUCN preferred grid cell size for aquatic organisms (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="Tropical Conservation Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" publicationUrl="http://jr.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B57" refString="IUCN, 2013. Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 10.1. http://jr.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" title="Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 10.1." url="http://jr.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2013">IUCN 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcomittee" journalOrPublisher="Tropical Conservation Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B58" refString="IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcomittee, 2017. Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 13. http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" title="Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 13." url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2017">2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). This was used by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-015-9559-8" author="Cheek, M" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="10 - 15" refId="B12" refString="Cheek, M, Poveda, LL, Darbyshire, I, 2015. Ledermanniella lunda sp. nov. (Podostemaceae) of Lunda Norte, Angola. Kew Bulletin 70 (1): 10 - 15, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-015-9559-8" title="Ledermanniella lunda sp. nov. (Podostemaceae) of Lunda Norte, Angola." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-015-9559-8" volume="70" year="2015">Cheek et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
in assessing the conservation status of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cheek" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podostemaceae" genus="Ledermanniella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ledermanniella lunda" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lunda">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Ledermanniella lunda</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Cheek (
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Podostemaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Podostemaceae" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">Podostemaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) from Angola. The main threats are forest logging and agriculture activities. Based on these threats, and the continuous decline of vegetation in the area, extent and /or quality of habitat
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. stenophylla" order="Oxalidales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="stenophylla">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">C. stenophylla</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is here assessed, as Critically Endangered. IUCN Red List Category:
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Critically Endangered CRB2ab (ii, iii).</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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