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[
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<subSubSection type="description">
<paragraph pageNumber="311">S. maxilla superiore longiore conica.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="311">
<emphasis italics="true">Art. gen.</emphasis>
10.
<emphasis italics="true">syn.</emphasis>
21. Coregonus maxilla superiore longiore conica. @/B. - - D. 13. P. 17. V. 12. A. 14. C. - -
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<paragraph pageNumber="311">
<emphasis italics="true">Gron. mus.</emphasis>
1.
<emphasis italics="true">n.</emphasis>
48. idem. @/B. - - D. 14. P. 13. V. 10. A. 15. C. - -
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageNumber="311">
<emphasis italics="true">Habitat in</emphasis>
Oceano Atlantico.
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<paragraph pageNumber="788">S. testa teretiuscula recta basi flexuosa. <20></paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="788">
<emphasis italics="true">Ellis corall.</emphasis>
92.
<emphasis italics="true">t.</emphasis>
34.
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<emphasis italics="true">Habitat in</emphasis>
M. Mediterraneo
<emphasis italics="true">ad Melitam.</emphasis>
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cesari var. longirostris Pallary, 1928
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<paragraph id="C9ECCF51E44B5DD439DD4371D8D262D5" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">Original source.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="785647252FF09623B06BD3A75E000D26" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">
<bibRefCitation id="429D8C16653F2F58A1A0805350151971" author="Pallary, P" journalOrPublisher="Journal de Conchyliologie" pageId="324" pageNumber="325" pagination="197 - 277" refId="B390" refString="Pallary, P, 1928a. Complement a la faune malacologique de la Berberie (suite). Journal de Conchyliologie 71 (3): 197 - 277" title="Complement a la faune malacologique de la Berberie (suite)." volume="71" year="1928 a">Pallary 1928a</bibRefCitation>
: 255.
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<paragraph id="AF0118CB11CB057D6DF60F639EEAF7EF" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E0AE41BF94A8F4630BBD36946E9419E3" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">
&quot;Dans les
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de Beni
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[in the irrigation channel of Beni
<normalizedToken id="11530D0CCBF81F0820067CD3644919B9" originalValue="Abbès">Abbes</normalizedToken>
], Algeria.
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<paragraph id="938E746436709FFCA04F9EB6FF2BB680" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">
Junior homonym of
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Pallary, 1920.
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<mods:namePart>Nguyen, Van Duy</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Gastineau, Romain</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>University of Szczecin, Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Mickiewicza 16 A, 70 - 383 Szczecin, Poland &amp; Natural Sciences Education and Research Centre, University of Szczecin, Mickiewicza 16 a, 70 - 383 Szczecin, Poland</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Duong, Thi Thuy</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Sciences and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Rosa, Philippe</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Universite de Nantes, EA 2160 Mer - Molecules - Sante 2, Rue de la Houssiniere, 44322 Nantes, France</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Meleder, Vona</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Universite de Nantes, EA 2160 Mer - Molecules - Sante 2, Rue de la Houssiniere, 44322 Nantes, France</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-10-22</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>183</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>115</mods:start>
<mods:end>142</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.183.71049</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.183.71049</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-183-115</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">1A274C960ABE5798B673F70DC356D537</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="189468318" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9F289AD4A8855E3EA510E17A4D0BF91D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9F289AD4A8855E3EA510E17A4D0BF91D" lastPageNumber="115" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="115" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName LSID="9F289AD4-A885-5E3E-A510-E17A4D0BF91D" authority="Witkowski, M. Rybak, H-D. Nguyen &amp; D-V. Nguyen" authorityName="Witkowski, M. Rybak, H-D. Nguyen &amp; D-V. Nguyen" authorityYear="2021" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Diadesmidaceae" genus="Luticola" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Luticola halongiana" order="Naviculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="halongiana" status="sp. nov.">Luticola halongiana Witkowski, M.Rybak, H-D.Nguyen &amp; D-V.Nguyen</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="115">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="115" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. LM micrographs of Luticola halongiana Witkowski, M. Rybak, H-D. Nguyen &amp; D-V. Nguyen sp. nov. in size diminution series (A-Z). Holotype specimen - black frame I external view of frustule (AA-AC). Internal view of frustule (AD). Detailed external close-ups showing distal raphe ending (AE), proximal raphe endings with small rounded grooves and opening of stigma (AF). Detailed internal close-up showing distal and proximal raphe endings, hymen structure and stigma opening (AG). Scale bars: 10 µm (A-Z), 5 µm (AA, AB, AC, AD), 3 µm (AE, AG), 1 µm (AF)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.183.71049.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/601476" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Figure 5</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="115" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Description LM.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
Valves rhombic-eliptic to rhombic-lanceolate with broadly rounded to slightly protracted apices in larger specimens, 9.9-22.1
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
in length and 5.4-7.7
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
in width (n = 30). Raphe filiform, slightly bent, axial area narrow, expanding into rectangular to bow-tie shaped central area bordered by 3-4 areolae. Stigma round, present near the valve margin. Transapical striae radiate throughout, 20-24 in 10
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="115" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Description SEM.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Valve face flat, the transition from valve face to the mantle abrupt, marked with distinct hyaline stripe. Axial area narrow linear, slightly broadened towards the valve middle, expanding into the bow-tie shaped central area with slit like opening of stigma bordered by 3-4 small, rounded areolae. Raphe filiform and straight. Raphe branches very slightly bent with external proximal raphe endings strongly deflected to the valve primary side (opposite to stigma) with small, rounded grooves on the stigma-bearing side. External distal raphe ends slightly hooked and terminate on the apex valve mantle. The valve mantle bearing one row of oblong areola. Internally, raphe straight, with proximal endings slightly bent, and distal raphe endings terminating in small helictoglossae. Transapical striae composed by 3-4(5) round to slightly elongate areolae. Internally, areolae covered by hymen forming continuous strip. Internal stigma opening with circular lipped structure. Internally, longitudal channel visible, with small silica flap on site opposite to stigma.</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="BACC3E9D6C30F864F1FCED08985616E1" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/BACC3E9D6C30F864F1FCED08985616E1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" start="Table 2" startId="T2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Table 2.</emphasis>
Morphological characteristics of all
<taxonomicName class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Diadesmidaceae" genus="Luticola" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Luticola" order="Naviculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Luticola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
taxa listed here with comparisons to most similar brackish taxa based on literature data. Data marked with an asterisk (*) are obtained from photomicrographs.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
<th colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">-</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">Size [μm] Length/Width</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">
Striae [in 10
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
]
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">Areolae characteristic</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">Proximal raphe endings</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">Distal raphe endings</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">Distribution</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">References</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. orientalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">L. orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">9.5-22.1/5.4-8.5</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">18-22</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">4-6 per striae, round or slightly elongated</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">slightly deflected, close to each other</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">hooked</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">Java, Hainan Island, Vietnam</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">this study</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. cribriareolata" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="cribriareolata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">L. cribriareolata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">9.8-28.3/6.0-11.6</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">14-16</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">3-5 per striae, with deeply positioned cribrum</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">slightly deflected with long irregular thread-like grooves</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">hooked</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">Java</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">this study</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. halongiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="halongiana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">L. halongiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">9.9-22.1/5.4-7.7</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">20-24</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">3-4(5) per striae, round or slightly elongated</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">strongly deflected with small rounded groove</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">hooked</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">Vietnam, Java</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">this study</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. belawanensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="belawanensis">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">L. belawanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">8.4-19.0/6.1-9.0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">18-21</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">3-4(5) per striae mainly slightly elongated</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">bent with small C-shaped or irregular grooves</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">hooked</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">Vietnam</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">this study</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">15.5-27.0/15.5-27</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">18-20</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">3-4 per striae</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">Deflected</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">Sumatra</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Levkov, Z" journalOrPublisher="Koeltz Scientific Books, Koeningstein" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" refId="B30" refString="Levkov, Z, Metzeltin, D, Pavlov, A, 2013. Luticola and Luticolopsis. In: H. Lange-Bertalot (Ed.) Diatoms of Europe. Vol. 7. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koeningstein" title="Luticola and Luticolopsis. In: H. Lange-Bertalot (Ed.) Diatoms of Europe. Vol. 7." year="2013">Levkov et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">9-29/5-10</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">18-19</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">3-5 per striae*</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">Vietnam</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1127/1438-9134/2017/157" author="Glushchenko, AM" journalOrPublisher="Beiheft" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" pagination="157 - 173" refId="B14" refString="Glushchenko, AM, Kulikovskiy, MS, Kociolek, JP, 2017. New and interesting species from the genus Luticola (Bacillariophyceae) in waterbodies of Southeastern Asia. Nova Hedwigia. Beiheft 146: 157 - 173, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1127/1438-9134/2017/157" title="New and interesting species from the genus Luticola (Bacillariophyceae) in waterbodies of Southeastern Asia. Nova Hedwigia." url="https://doi.org/10.1127/1438-9134/2017/157" volume="146" year="2017">Glushchenko et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. celebesica" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="celebesica">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">L. celebesica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">10.6-27.1/7.3-13.1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">17-19</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">4-6 per striae</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">Deflected</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">hooked</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">Vietnam</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">this study</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">11.5-39.0/11.5-39.0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">18-21</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">(4)5-6 per striae</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">deflected</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">hooked</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">Sulawesi</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Levkov, Z" journalOrPublisher="Koeltz Scientific Books, Koeningstein" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" refId="B30" refString="Levkov, Z, Metzeltin, D, Pavlov, A, 2013. Luticola and Luticolopsis. In: H. Lange-Bertalot (Ed.) Diatoms of Europe. Vol. 7. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koeningstein" title="Luticola and Luticolopsis. In: H. Lange-Bertalot (Ed.) Diatoms of Europe. Vol. 7." year="2013">Levkov et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. nosybeana" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="nosybeana">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">L. nosybeana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">9-27/6.0-10.5</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">20-24</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">4-5 per striae, round to elliptic</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">
with irregular
<normalizedToken originalValue="“insect-antennae-like”">&quot;insect-antennae-like&quot;</normalizedToken>
or
<normalizedToken originalValue="“butterfly-like”">&quot;butterfly-like&quot;</normalizedToken>
grooves
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">hooked</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">Madagascar</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2478/ohs-2019-0002" author="Bak, M" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Oceanography and Hydrobiology" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" pagination="13 - 22" refId="B3" refString="Bak, M, Kryk, A, Peszek, L, Kociolek, JP, Bemiasa, J, Bemanaja, E, 2019. New and interesting Luticola species (Bacillariophyta) from the mangroves of Nosy Be Island, NW Madagascar. International Journal of Oceanography and Hydrobiology 48 (1): 13 - 22, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ohs-2019-0002" title="New and interesting Luticola species (Bacillariophyta) from the mangroves of Nosy Be Island, NW Madagascar." url="https://doi.org/10.2478/ohs-2019-0002" volume="48" year="2019">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bąk">Bak</normalizedToken>
et al. 2019
</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. madagascarensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="madagascarensis">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">L. madagascarensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">13.0-22.5/6.0-7.5</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">20-24</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">3-4 per striae, round to elliptic or slit-like</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">with L-shaped grooves</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">hooked</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">Madagascar</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2478/ohs-2019-0002" author="Bak, M" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Oceanography and Hydrobiology" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" pagination="13 - 22" refId="B3" refString="Bak, M, Kryk, A, Peszek, L, Kociolek, JP, Bemiasa, J, Bemanaja, E, 2019. New and interesting Luticola species (Bacillariophyta) from the mangroves of Nosy Be Island, NW Madagascar. International Journal of Oceanography and Hydrobiology 48 (1): 13 - 22, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ohs-2019-0002" title="New and interesting Luticola species (Bacillariophyta) from the mangroves of Nosy Be Island, NW Madagascar." url="https://doi.org/10.2478/ohs-2019-0002" volume="48" year="2019">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bąk">Bak</normalizedToken>
et al. 2019
</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. inserata" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="inserata">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">L. inserata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">12.2-33.5/8.2-14.0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">15-20</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">4-5 per striae, round to elongated with small spines on margin</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">bent with irregular thread-like grooves</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">hooked</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">Vietnam</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">this study</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">23-28/12</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">18</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">Sumatra</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Hustedt, F" journalOrPublisher="Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" pagination="121 - 132" refId="B23" refString="Hustedt, F, 1955. Neue und wenig bekannte Diatomeen. VII. Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft 68: 121 - 132" title="Neue und wenig bekannte Diatomeen. VII." volume="68" year="1955">Hustedt 1955</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">18-28/10.0-13.5</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">16-19</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">5-6 per striae, round to elongated</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">deflected</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">hooked</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">Indonesia, Australia</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Levkov, Z" journalOrPublisher="Koeltz Scientific Books, Koeningstein" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" refId="B30" refString="Levkov, Z, Metzeltin, D, Pavlov, A, 2013. Luticola and Luticolopsis. In: H. Lange-Bertalot (Ed.) Diatoms of Europe. Vol. 7. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koeningstein" title="Luticola and Luticolopsis. In: H. Lange-Bertalot (Ed.) Diatoms of Europe. Vol. 7." year="2013">Levkov et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">15-25/9-12</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">20</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">4-6 per striae, round to elongated*</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">Vietnam</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1127/1438-9134/2017/157" author="Glushchenko, AM" journalOrPublisher="Beiheft" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" pagination="157 - 173" refId="B14" refString="Glushchenko, AM, Kulikovskiy, MS, Kociolek, JP, 2017. New and interesting species from the genus Luticola (Bacillariophyceae) in waterbodies of Southeastern Asia. Nova Hedwigia. Beiheft 146: 157 - 173, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1127/1438-9134/2017/157" title="New and interesting species from the genus Luticola (Bacillariophyceae) in waterbodies of Southeastern Asia. Nova Hedwigia." url="https://doi.org/10.1127/1438-9134/2017/157" volume="146" year="2017">Glushchenko et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. seposita" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="seposita">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">L. seposita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">16.8-24.4/9.5-12.4</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">14-17</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">4-5 per striae, round to slightly elongated areolae</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">bent, with small C-shaped grooves</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">hooked</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">Hainan Island</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">this study</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">23/11</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">16-18</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">bent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">bent slightly S-shaped</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">Sulawesi</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Hustedt, F" journalOrPublisher="Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" pagination="55 - 73" refId="B22" refString="Hustedt, F, 1942. Aerophile Diatomeen in der nordwestdeutschen Flora. Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft 60 (1): 55 - 73" title="Aerophile Diatomeen in der nordwestdeutschen Flora." volume="60" year="1942">Hustedt 1942</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">18-24/10-12</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">18-21</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">4-5 per striae, transapically elongated</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">Hook-shaped</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">hooked</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Levkov, Z" journalOrPublisher="Koeltz Scientific Books, Koeningstein" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" refId="B30" refString="Levkov, Z, Metzeltin, D, Pavlov, A, 2013. Luticola and Luticolopsis. In: H. Lange-Bertalot (Ed.) Diatoms of Europe. Vol. 7. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koeningstein" title="Luticola and Luticolopsis. In: H. Lange-Bertalot (Ed.) Diatoms of Europe. Vol. 7." year="2013">Levkov et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. tropica" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="tropica">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">L. tropica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">11.8-21.2/7.5-11.1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">17-20</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">4-5 per striae</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">clearly bent with long irregular thread-like grooves</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">hooked</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">Hainan Island, Vietnam</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">this study</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">12-22/7-9</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">20</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">South Africa</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Cholnoky, BJ" journalOrPublisher="European Journal of Taxonomy" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" refId="B6" refString="Cholnoky, BJ, 1960. Beitraege zur Kenntnis der Diatomeenflora von Natal (Suedafrika). Nova Hedwigia 2(1/2): 1-128." title="Beitraege zur Kenntnis der Diatomeenflora von Natal (Suedafrika). Nova Hedwigia 2 (1 / 2): 1 - 128." year="1960">Cholnoky 1960</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">15.5-24.0/8-11-5</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">20-24</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">4-5 per striae, round to transversally elongated</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">Bent and expanded into central pores</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">hooked</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Levkov, Z" journalOrPublisher="Koeltz Scientific Books, Koeningstein" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" refId="B30" refString="Levkov, Z, Metzeltin, D, Pavlov, A, 2013. Luticola and Luticolopsis. In: H. Lange-Bertalot (Ed.) Diatoms of Europe. Vol. 7. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koeningstein" title="Luticola and Luticolopsis. In: H. Lange-Bertalot (Ed.) Diatoms of Europe. Vol. 7." year="2013">Levkov et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">11-24/7-9</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">20-24</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">4-5 per striae*</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">Vietnam</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1127/1438-9134/2017/157" author="Glushchenko, AM" journalOrPublisher="Beiheft" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" pagination="157 - 173" refId="B14" refString="Glushchenko, AM, Kulikovskiy, MS, Kociolek, JP, 2017. New and interesting species from the genus Luticola (Bacillariophyceae) in waterbodies of Southeastern Asia. Nova Hedwigia. Beiheft 146: 157 - 173, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1127/1438-9134/2017/157" title="New and interesting species from the genus Luticola (Bacillariophyceae) in waterbodies of Southeastern Asia. Nova Hedwigia." url="https://doi.org/10.1127/1438-9134/2017/157" volume="146" year="2017">Glushchenko et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">8.8-19.8/6.3-10.3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">16-18</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">4-5 per striae, round or slightly elongated*</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">slightly deflected with long irregular thread-like grooves*</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">hooked*</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">Brazil</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2017.1389771" author="Straube, A" journalOrPublisher="Diatom Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" pagination="417 - 437" refId="B40" refString="Straube, A, Tremarin, PI, Ludwig, TAV, 2017. Species of Luticola DG Mann (Bacillariophyceae) in the Atlantic Forest rivers from southern Brazil. Diatom Research 32 (4): 417 - 437, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2017.1389771" title="Species of Luticola DG Mann (Bacillariophyceae) in the Atlantic Forest rivers from southern Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2017.1389771" volume="32" year="2017">Straube et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.183.71049.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/601476" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Figure 5.</emphasis>
LM micrographs of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Witkowski, M. Rybak, H-D. Nguyen &amp; D-V. Nguyen" authorityYear="2021" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Diadesmidaceae" genus="Luticola" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Luticola halongiana" order="Naviculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="halongiana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Luticola halongiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Witkowski, M.Rybak, H-D.Nguyen &amp; D-V.Nguyen sp. nov. in size diminution series (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">A-Z</emphasis>
). Holotype specimen - black frame
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">I</emphasis>
external view of frustule (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">AA-AC</emphasis>
). Internal view of frustule (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">AD</emphasis>
). Detailed external close-ups showing distal raphe ending (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">AE</emphasis>
), proximal raphe endings with small rounded grooves and opening of stigma (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">AF</emphasis>
). Detailed internal close-up showing distal and proximal raphe endings, hymen structure and stigma opening (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">AG</emphasis>
). Scale bars: 10
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">A-Z</emphasis>
), 5
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">AA, AB, AC, AD</emphasis>
), 3
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">AE, AG</emphasis>
), 1
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">AF</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="115" type="holotype">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
slide SZCZ26472 stored in A. Witkowski Diatom Collection of the Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, represented here by Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. LM micrographs of Luticola halongiana Witkowski, M. Rybak, H-D. Nguyen &amp; D-V. Nguyen sp. nov. in size diminution series (A-Z). Holotype specimen - black frame I external view of frustule (AA-AC). Internal view of frustule (AD). Detailed external close-ups showing distal raphe ending (AE), proximal raphe endings with small rounded grooves and opening of stigma (AF). Detailed internal close-up showing distal and proximal raphe endings, hymen structure and stigma opening (AG). Scale bars: 10 µm (A-Z), 5 µm (AA, AB, AC, AD), 3 µm (AE, AG), 1 µm (AF)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.183.71049.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/601476" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">5I</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="115" type="isotype">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Isotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
Slide no. 2018/425 and unmounted material with the same number at the University of
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rzeszów">Rzeszow</normalizedToken>
, Poland.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="115" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
NE Vietnam: W South China Sea,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Quáng">Quang</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Yên">Yen</normalizedToken>
, in Halong region, oyster offshore aquaculture,
<geoCoordinate degrees="20" direction="north" minutes="54" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="1" value="20.900278">20°54'1&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="106" direction="east" minutes="54" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="17" value="106.904724">106°54'17&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">leg. Vona Meleder</emphasis>
and
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Philipp Rosa</emphasis>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">10th October 2018</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="115" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">The specific epithet refers to the type location, Ha Long, NE Vietnam.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="115" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
Species occur rarely, observed thus far at the type locality
<normalizedToken originalValue="Quáng">Quang</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Yên">Yen</normalizedToken>
in biofilm on shells, and on the north coast of Java in Indonesia, from periphyton from the plastic pier (slide SZCZ27006).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="115" type="taxonomic comment">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Taxonomic comment.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Witkowski, M. Rybak, H-D. Nguyen &amp; D-V. Nguyen" authorityYear="2021" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Diadesmidaceae" genus="Luticola" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Luticola halongiana" order="Naviculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="halongiana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Luticola halongiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. has a unique set of characters and it is difficult to point out any similar established species. The only exception is the position of the stigma, which is located almost in the middle between the valve center and valve margin. This makes it similar to
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. madagascarensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="madagascarensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">L. madagascarensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, however, the latter species has external proximal raphe endings with long and distinct grooves on a side opposite the stigma; these grooves are indistinct in
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. halongiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="halongiana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">L. halongiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Also,
<taxonomicName authorityName="D.G.Mann" authorityYear="1990" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Diadesmidaceae" genus="Luticola" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Luticola mutica" order="Naviculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="mutica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Luticola mutica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kützing">Kuetzing</normalizedToken>
) D.G.Mann shows some similarities to
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. halongiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="halongiana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">L. halongiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. but it can be easily distinguished based on the narrower central area. Also
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. mutica" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="mutica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">L. mutica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has areolae containing cribrum which is not present in described species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="115">
Morphological characteristic of recently established
<taxonomicName class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Diadesmidaceae" genus="Luticola" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Luticola" order="Naviculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="115" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115">Luticola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
taxa observed during this study.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.988.56397" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c6f23bf3-df02-4bc9-8a08-cd43f5626b3d" ID-PMC="PMC7666099" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-988-17" ID-Pensoft-UUID="C60DCC1524DC546E899379DE9714CE38" ID-PubMed="33223890" ID-ZooBank="6806D2012ABF4A8CB06CA7A31CDF852D" ModsDocID="1313-2970-988-17" checkinTime="1604753964646" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pienkowska, Joanna R., Manganelli, Giuseppe, Giusti, Folco, Barbato, Debora, Kosicka, Ewa, Hallgass, Alessandro &amp; Lesicki, Andrzej" docDate="2020" docId="9F28FA85571C556E93943A5E8A6CE89E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 988: 17-61" docOrigin="ZooKeys 988" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.988.56397" docTitle="Monacha pantanellii" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="C60DCC1524DC546E899379DE9714CE38" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="C60DCC1524DC546E899379DE9714CE38" masterDocTitle="Redescription of Monacha pantanellii (De Stefani, 1879), a species endemic to the central Apennines, Italy (Gastropoda, Eupulmonata, Hygromiidae) by an integrative molecular and morphological approach" masterLastPageNumber="61" masterPageNumber="17" pageNumber="17" updateTime="1668169793671" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Redescription of Monacha pantanellii (De Stefani, 1879), a species endemic to the central Apennines, Italy (Gastropoda, Eupulmonata, Hygromiidae) by an integrative molecular and morphological approach</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Pienkowska, Joanna R.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 6, 61 - 614 Poznan, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Manganelli, Giuseppe</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell'Ambiente, Universita di Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Giusti, Folco</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell'Ambiente, Universita di Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Barbato, Debora</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell'Ambiente, Universita di Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kosicka, Ewa</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 6, 61 - 614 Poznan, Poland</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hallgass, Alessandro</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell'Ambiente, Universita di Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lesicki, Andrzej</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 6, 61 - 614 Poznan, Poland</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1924-1934</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">alesicki@amu.edu.pl</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>988</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>17</mods:start>
<mods:end>61</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.988.56397</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.988.56397</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-988-17</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">6806D2012ABF4A8CB06CA7A31CDF852D</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">C60DCC1524DC546E899379DE9714CE38</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="168821822" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9F28FA85571C556E93943A5E8A6CE89E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9F28FA85571C556E93943A5E8A6CE89E" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName LSID="9F28FA85-571C-556E-9394-3A5E8A6CE89E" authority="(De Stefani, 1879)" baseAuthorityName="De Stefani" baseAuthorityYear="1879" class="Gastropoda" family="Hygromiidae" genus="Monacha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Monacha pantanellii" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pantanellii">Monacha pantanellii (De Stefani, 1879)</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 514" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 5 - 14. Shell variability in Monacha pantanellii from Monte Fionchi, summit [Fio 1] (FGC 8140) (5, 6), Monte Fionchi, Torrecola [Fio 2] (FGC 38944) (7), road to Montenero Sabino [Sab] (FGC 41552) (8 - 10) and Turania [Tur 1] (FGC 42971) (11 - 14)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.988.56397.figures5-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472719" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Figures 5-14</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1522" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 15 - 22. Shell variability in Monacha pantanellii from Lago del Turano [Tur 2] (FGC 41654) (15 - 17), Via Salaria, Ornaro Alto [Alt] (FGC 41553) (18 - 20) and Vallonina [Val] (FGC 25345) (21, 22)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.988.56397.figures15-22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472720" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">, 15-22</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2331" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 23 - 31. Shell variability in Monacha pantanellii from Via Salaria, Poggio San Lorenzo [Lor] (FGC 41551) (23 - 25), Valle dell'Aniene, Roccagiovine [Ani] (FGC 42974) (26 - 29) and Carsoli [Car] (FGC 41651 (30, 31)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.988.56397.figures23-31" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472721" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">, 23-31</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 3740" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figures 37 - 40. Genitalia (proximal parts excluded) (37), internal structure of distal genitalia (38), transverse sections of medial epiphallus (39) and apical penial papilla (40) of Monacha pantanellii from Monte Fionchi summit [Fio 1] (FGC 8140)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.988.56397.figures37-40" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472725" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">, 37-40</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 4144" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 41 - 44. Genitalia (proximal parts excluded) (41), internal structure of distal genitalia (42), transverse sections of medial epiphallus (43) and apical penial papilla (44) of Monacha pantanellii from Monte Fionchi, Torrecola [Fio 2] (FGC 38944)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.988.56397.figures41-44" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472726" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">, 41-44</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 4548" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figures 45 - 48. Genitalia (proximal parts excluded) (45), internal structure of distal genitalia (46), transverse sections of medial epiphallus (47) and apical penial papilla (48) of Monacha pantanellii from Vallonina [Val] (FGC 25345)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.988.56397.figures45-48" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472727" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">, 45-48</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 4952" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figures 49 - 52. Genitalia (proximal parts excluded) (49), internal structure of distal genitalia (50), transverse sections of medial epiphallus (51) and apical penial papilla (52) of Monacha pantanellii from Valle dell'Aniene, Roccagiovine [Ani] (FGC 42974)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.988.56397.figures49-52" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472728" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">, 49-52</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 5356" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figures 53 - 56. Genitalia (proximal parts excluded) (53), internal structure of distal genitalia (54), transverse sections of medial epiphallus (55) and apical penial papilla (56) of Monacha pantanellii from Carsoli [Car] (FGC 41651)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.988.56397.figures53-56" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472729" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">, 53-56</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 5759" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figures 57 - 59. Genitalia (proximal parts excluded) (57), internal structure of distal genitalia (58) and transverse section of apical penial papilla (59) of Monacha pantanellii from Lago del Turano [Tur 2] (FGC 41654)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.988.56397.figures57-59" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472730" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">, 57-59</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 6063" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figures 60 - 63. Internal structure of distal genitalia of Monacha pantanellii from Valle dell'Aniene, Roccagiovine [Ani] (FGC 42974) (60), Via Salaria, Ornaro Alto [Alt] (FGC 41553) (61), Turania [Tur 1] (FGC 42971) (62) and road to Montenero Sabino [Sab] (FGC 41552) (63)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.988.56397.figures60-63" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472731" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">, 60-63</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Hygromiidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helix pantanellii" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pantanellii">Helix pantanellii</taxonomicName>
De Stefani, 1879: 40-41.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giusti" authorityYear="1973" class="Gastropoda" family="Hygromiidae" genus="Monacha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Monacha ruffoi" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ruffoi">Monacha ruffoi</taxonomicName>
Giusti, 1973: 533-537, pl. 6.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
A species of
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Hygromiidae" genus="Monacha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Monacha" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Monacha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(s. str.) (according to the subgeneric division proposed by
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12218" author="Neiber, MT" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" pagination="308 - 321" refId="B47" refString="Neiber, MT, Hausdorf, B, 2017. Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the land snail genus Monacha (Gastropoda, Hygromiidae). Zoologica Scripta 46: 308 - 321, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12218" title="Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the land snail genus Monacha (Gastropoda, Hygromiidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12218" volume="46" year="2017">Neiber and Hausdorf 2017</bibRefCitation>
) with vaginal appendix usually short and slender (having shape and size of a digitiform gland) inserted at mid vagina; proximal vaginal sac absent; penial flagellum long to very long; penial papilla with narrow space between external walls and central duct; central duct circular in transverse section, usually rather small in diameter, not joined by strips to external walls and with its lumen almost totally filled by large pleats.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="redescription">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Redescription.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Shell</emphasis>
(Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 514" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 5 - 14. Shell variability in Monacha pantanellii from Monte Fionchi, summit [Fio 1] (FGC 8140) (5, 6), Monte Fionchi, Torrecola [Fio 2] (FGC 38944) (7), road to Montenero Sabino [Sab] (FGC 41552) (8 - 10) and Turania [Tur 1] (FGC 42971) (11 - 14)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.988.56397.figures5-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472719" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">5</figureCitation>
-
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2331" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 23 - 31. Shell variability in Monacha pantanellii from Via Salaria, Poggio San Lorenzo [Lor] (FGC 41551) (23 - 25), Valle dell'Aniene, Roccagiovine [Ani] (FGC 42974) (26 - 29) and Carsoli [Car] (FGC 41651 (30, 31)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.988.56397.figures23-31" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472721" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">31</figureCitation>
) dextral, sub-globose to globose, small to medium in size, variable in colour, sometimes (when colour is brownish yellow) with paler subsutural and peripheral bands, with
<normalizedToken originalValue="5¼">51/4</normalizedToken>
-6 slightly convex whorls separated by superficial sutures; aperture slightly prosocline, round to oval; peristome not reflected, thickened, with variably evident whitish callous rim lining the outer margin; umbilicus open, very small to small; protoconch and teleoconch smooth, with very faint scattered collabral growth lines. Shell dimensions: H: 10.3
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.5 mm; D: 16.2
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
2.3 mm (n = 45).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Limidae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Radula" order="Limida" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Radula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
not examined.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Female distal genitalia</emphasis>
(Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 3740" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figures 37 - 40. Genitalia (proximal parts excluded) (37), internal structure of distal genitalia (38), transverse sections of medial epiphallus (39) and apical penial papilla (40) of Monacha pantanellii from Monte Fionchi summit [Fio 1] (FGC 8140)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.988.56397.figures37-40" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472725" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">37</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 3740" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figures 37 - 40. Genitalia (proximal parts excluded) (37), internal structure of distal genitalia (38), transverse sections of medial epiphallus (39) and apical penial papilla (40) of Monacha pantanellii from Monte Fionchi summit [Fio 1] (FGC 8140)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.988.56397.figures37-40" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472725" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">38</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 4144" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 41 - 44. Genitalia (proximal parts excluded) (41), internal structure of distal genitalia (42), transverse sections of medial epiphallus (43) and apical penial papilla (44) of Monacha pantanellii from Monte Fionchi, Torrecola [Fio 2] (FGC 38944)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.988.56397.figures41-44" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472726" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">41</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 4144" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 41 - 44. Genitalia (proximal parts excluded) (41), internal structure of distal genitalia (42), transverse sections of medial epiphallus (43) and apical penial papilla (44) of Monacha pantanellii from Monte Fionchi, Torrecola [Fio 2] (FGC 38944)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.988.56397.figures41-44" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472726" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">42</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 4548" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figures 45 - 48. Genitalia (proximal parts excluded) (45), internal structure of distal genitalia (46), transverse sections of medial epiphallus (47) and apical penial papilla (48) of Monacha pantanellii from Vallonina [Val] (FGC 25345)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.988.56397.figures45-48" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472727" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">45</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 4548" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figures 45 - 48. Genitalia (proximal parts excluded) (45), internal structure of distal genitalia (46), transverse sections of medial epiphallus (47) and apical penial papilla (48) of Monacha pantanellii from Vallonina [Val] (FGC 25345)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.988.56397.figures45-48" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472727" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">46</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 4952" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figures 49 - 52. Genitalia (proximal parts excluded) (49), internal structure of distal genitalia (50), transverse sections of medial epiphallus (51) and apical penial papilla (52) of Monacha pantanellii from Valle dell'Aniene, Roccagiovine [Ani] (FGC 42974)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.988.56397.figures49-52" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472728" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">49</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 4952" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figures 49 - 52. Genitalia (proximal parts excluded) (49), internal structure of distal genitalia (50), transverse sections of medial epiphallus (51) and apical penial papilla (52) of Monacha pantanellii from Valle dell'Aniene, Roccagiovine [Ani] (FGC 42974)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.988.56397.figures49-52" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472728" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">50</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 5356" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figures 53 - 56. Genitalia (proximal parts excluded) (53), internal structure of distal genitalia (54), transverse sections of medial epiphallus (55) and apical penial papilla (56) of Monacha pantanellii from Carsoli [Car] (FGC 41651)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.988.56397.figures53-56" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472729" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">53</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 5356" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figures 53 - 56. Genitalia (proximal parts excluded) (53), internal structure of distal genitalia (54), transverse sections of medial epiphallus (55) and apical penial papilla (56) of Monacha pantanellii from Carsoli [Car] (FGC 41651)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.988.56397.figures53-56" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472729" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">54</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 5759" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figures 57 - 59. Genitalia (proximal parts excluded) (57), internal structure of distal genitalia (58) and transverse section of apical penial papilla (59) of Monacha pantanellii from Lago del Turano [Tur 2] (FGC 41654)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.988.56397.figures57-59" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472730" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">57</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 5759" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figures 57 - 59. Genitalia (proximal parts excluded) (57), internal structure of distal genitalia (58) and transverse section of apical penial papilla (59) of Monacha pantanellii from Lago del Turano [Tur 2] (FGC 41654)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.988.56397.figures57-59" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472730" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">58</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 6063" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figures 60 - 63. Internal structure of distal genitalia of Monacha pantanellii from Valle dell'Aniene, Roccagiovine [Ani] (FGC 42974) (60), Via Salaria, Ornaro Alto [Alt] (FGC 41553) (61), Turania [Tur 1] (FGC 42971) (62) and road to Montenero Sabino [Sab] (FGC 41552) (63)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.988.56397.figures60-63" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472731" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">60-63</figureCitation>
; Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 7" captionStartId="T7" captionText="Table 7. Other anatomical features distinguishing Monacha species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A81A48F95C30299B60802D08B03E3998" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" tableUuid="A81A48F95C30299B60802D08B03E3998">7</tableCitation>
) include free oviduct, bursa copulatrix and its duct, digitiform glands, vagina and vaginal appendix. Free oviduct short and variably wide. Bursa copulatrix bean-like or pyriform with long wide duct. Vagina short to long and wide. Digitiform glands disposed on opposite sides of vagina in two groups of 1-3 tufts, each with 1-3 units. Vaginal appendix usually short (having shape and size of a digitiform gland) and inserted approximately half-way along the vagina.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Male distal genitalia</emphasis>
(Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 3740" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figures 37 - 40. Genitalia (proximal parts excluded) (37), internal structure of distal genitalia (38), transverse sections of medial epiphallus (39) and apical penial papilla (40) of Monacha pantanellii from Monte Fionchi summit [Fio 1] (FGC 8140)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.988.56397.figures37-40" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472725" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">37</figureCitation>
-
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 6063" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figures 60 - 63. Internal structure of distal genitalia of Monacha pantanellii from Valle dell'Aniene, Roccagiovine [Ani] (FGC 42974) (60), Via Salaria, Ornaro Alto [Alt] (FGC 41553) (61), Turania [Tur 1] (FGC 42971) (62) and road to Montenero Sabino [Sab] (FGC 41552) (63)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.988.56397.figures60-63" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472731" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">63</figureCitation>
, Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 7" captionStartId="T7" captionText="Table 7. Other anatomical features distinguishing Monacha species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A81A48F95C30299B60802D08B03E3998" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" tableUuid="A81A48F95C30299B60802D08B03E3998">7</tableCitation>
) include vas deferens, flagellum, epiphallus and penis. Vas deferens very long and very slender. Flagellum long to very long and slender. Epiphallus long to very long and wide. Penis short and wide, enveloped by thin sheath, consisting of proximal portion (from start of penial sheath to base of penial papilla) and distal portion (from base of penial papilla to genital atrium). Penial papilla variable in shape (perhaps due to pre-mortem stress or spirit fixation), with apical opening, thick external walls and narrow space between external walls and central duct; central duct circular in section, usually rather small in diameter, not joined by strips to external walls of penial papilla and with its lumen almost totally filled with large pleats.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Genital atrium large, receiving vagina and penis, internally smooth or with variably developed longitudinal pleats.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
&quot;Sulla cima del Monte Fionghi al sud di Spoleto a circa mille metri sul livello del mare &quot;, i.e., on the summit of Monte Fionchi, south of Spoleto, at an altitude of ca. 1000 m (municipality of Spoleto, province of Perugia), UTM references 32T UH 1726, Lat and Long:
<geoCoordinate degrees="42" direction="north" minutes="40.455" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="42.67425">42°40.455'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="12" direction="east" minutes="46.340" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="12.772333">12°46.340'E</geoCoordinate>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Probably lost.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="topotype sequences">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Topotype sequences.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
Sequences obtained from individuals from the type locality of
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. pantanellii" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="pantanellii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">M. pantanellii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are designated as typical for this species: COI - MT380011-MT380018, 16S rDNA - MT376031-MT376039, ITS2 - MT376088-MT376094, H3 - MT385776-MT385785.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
Named after Dante Pantanelli (1844-1913), Italian palaeontologist and geologist at the University of Modena. He published many papers on Miocene and Pliocene molluscs, some of which were co-authored by his friend Carlo De Stefani (1851-1924). He was also the secretary of the Italian Malacological Society and the editor of the Bullettino della
<normalizedToken originalValue="Società">Societa</normalizedToken>
Malacologica Italiana for many years (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2017.0451" author="Manganelli, G" journalOrPublisher="Archives of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" pagination="303 - 320" refId="B43" refString="Manganelli, G, Lori, E, Benocci, A, Cianfanelli, S, 2017. Societa Malacologica Italiana 1874-1906. Archives of Natural History 44: 303 - 320, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2017.0451" title="Societa Malacologica Italiana 1874 - 1906." url="https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2017.0451" volume="44" year="2017">Manganelli et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
, with references).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Giustis">Giusti's</normalizedToken>
species was named after Sandro Ruffo (1915-2010), a major Italian twentieth-century zoologist and director of the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona for many years (
<bibRefCitation author="Latella, L" journalOrPublisher="Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona, Verona" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" refId="B40" refString="Latella, L, 2011. Sandro Ruffo. Ricordi di allievi e amici. Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona, Verona" title="Sandro Ruffo. Ricordi di allievi e amici." year="2011">Latella 2011</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Endemic to Umbria-Marche Apennines and Latium Sub-Apennines. It occurs from the Apennines of Gualdo Tadino in the north to the Aniene and Turano valleys in the south.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Mesophile species living among grass in open habitats such as grasslands, pastures, forest edges and clearings in hill and mountain areas.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="conservation">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Conservation.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Apparently common and widespread species within its range, but in some sites (e.g., Vallonina) it was no longer found during a field survey in the summer of 2019. Like other mesophilic species it could be sensitive to global warming.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
This species was distinguished from
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Montagu" baseAuthorityYear="1803" class="Gastropoda" family="Hygromiidae" genus="Monacha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Monacha cantiana" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cantiana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Monacha cantiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the basis of a few shell characters (&quot;more depressed, more fragile and paler shell, with fine growth lines, less rounded opening and deeper umbilicus&quot;) and was disregarded by its author as an &quot;extreme variety&quot; of the former. Subsequently it was only reported in two catalogues by
<bibRefCitation author="Westerlund, CA" journalOrPublisher="Friedlaender, Berlin" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10893365" refId="B69" refString="Westerlund, CA, 1889. Fauna der in der palaearktischen Region (Europa, Kaukasien, Sibirien, Turan, Persien, Kurdistan, Armenien, Mesopotamien, Kleinasien, Syrien, Arabien, Egypten, Tripolis, Tunesien, Algerien und Marocco) lebenden Binnenconchylien. Vol. 2. Genus Helix. Friedlaender, Berlin, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10893365" title="Fauna der in der palaearktischen Region (Europa, Kaukasien, Sibirien, Turan, Persien, Kurdistan, Armenien, Mesopotamien, Kleinasien, Syrien, Arabien, Egypten, Tripolis, Tunesien, Algerien und Marocco) lebenden Binnenconchylien. Vol. 2. Genus Helix." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10893365" year="1889">Westerlund (1889</bibRefCitation>
: 95) and
<bibRefCitation author="Pilsbry, HA" journalOrPublisher="Second series" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" pagination="161 - 366" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/23737354" refId="B56" refString="Pilsbry, HA, 1895. Helicidae. Guide to the study of helices. In: Tryon GW and Pilsbry HA, Manual of conchology, structural and systematical, with the illustrations of the species. Pulmonata. Second series 9 (36): 161 - 366, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/23737354" title="Helicidae. Guide to the study of helices. In: Tryon GW and Pilsbry HA, Manual of conchology, structural and systematical, with the illustrations of the species. Pulmonata." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/23737354" volume="9" year="1895">Pilsbry (1895</bibRefCitation>
: 266) so that when Alzona prepared the catalogue of Italian non-marine malacofauna, they included it as a doubtful species (
<bibRefCitation author="Alzona, C" journalOrPublisher="Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 433" refId="B1" refString="Alzona, C, 1971. Malacofauna italica. Catalogo e bibliografia dei Molluschi viventi, terrestri e d'acqua dolce. Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano 111: 1 - 433" title="Malacofauna italica. Catalogo e bibliografia dei Molluschi viventi, terrestri e d'acqua dolce." volume="111" year="1971">Alzona 1971</bibRefCitation>
: 183).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
On the contrary, our analysis showed that it matches a valid species, currently known as
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giusti" authorityYear="1973" class="Gastropoda" family="Hygromiidae" genus="Monacha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Monacha ruffoi" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ruffoi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Monacha ruffoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, described from the Reatini mountains by
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.21426/B62110484" author="Giusti, F" journalOrPublisher="Subterranean Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" refId="B25" refString="Giusti, F, 1973. Notulae malacologicae XVI. I molluschi terrestri e di acqua dolce viventi sul massiccio dei Monti Reatini (Appennino Centrale). Lavori della Societa Italiana di Biogeografia (Nuova Serie) 2 [&quot;1971&quot;] : 423-574, Tav. I-VII [= 1-7]. Forli. https://doi.org/10.21426/B62110484" title="Notulae malacologicae XVI. I molluschi terrestri e di acqua dolce viventi sul massiccio dei Monti Reatini (Appennino Centrale). Lavori della Societa Italiana di Biogeografia (Nuova Serie) 2 [&quot; 1971 &quot;]: 423 - 574, Tav. I-VII [= 1 - 7]. Forli." url="https://doi.org/10.21426/B62110484" year="1973">Giusti (1973)</bibRefCitation>
as a
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Hygromiidae" genus="Monacha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Monacha" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Monacha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species with a shell resembling that of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Montagu" baseAuthorityYear="1803" class="Gastropoda" family="Hygromiidae" genus="Monacha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="cantiana" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cantiana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">cantiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but with a much smaller vaginal appendix.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
This is an unexpected result: indeed, De
<normalizedToken originalValue="Stefanis">Stefani's</normalizedToken>
species is one of thousands of mollusc species established since the second half of the nineteenth century on the basis of very few shell features of no diagnostic value due to dramatic intra- and inter-population variability. In describing thousands of species and varieties, past authors hit on some that remained valid.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>