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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="297124" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.7316519" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3f0f641c-cd4b-4694-8e47-c47be23ac2a9" ID-ISBN="0-8018-8221-4" checkinTime="1670905116760" checkinUser="guido" docAuthor="Wilson, Don E. &amp; Reeder, DeeAnn" docDate="2005" docId="9F1D05D98CEC0FA5B860E8C618157F9F" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpeciesofTheWorld.2005.Carnivora.532-628.xml" docOrigin="Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press" docTitle="Pagophilus groenlandicus" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="E69BF2968277AF6992A8FF32E9D4E7ED" lastPageNumber="599" masterDocId="E69BF2968277AF6992A8FF32E9D4E7ED" masterDocTitle="Order Carnivora" masterLastPageNumber="628" masterPageNumber="532" pageNumber="599" updateTime="1716792096583" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="E9CF4FA5E2DAA9CC27640BBB8B0988CF">Order Carnivora</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0888539657289F2DD6AB77EEDA10C4BC">Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F7F91FFAAC9FA86EDBD3DB79EE096A79">Reeder, DeeAnn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="E7BEDDFDDE5FFEBCDF19331C6C216D62">2005</mods:dateIssued>
<mods:publisher id="AB9AB4C3072E1B7DC5273FF12A2ED97C">The Johns Hopkins University Press</mods:publisher>
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<mods:titleInfo id="DB5DF2986903E098E5F99508384A2DDC">
<mods:title id="9D0023336AD791D3181BE99D06E8B4B6">Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1</mods:title>
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<treatment id="9F1D05D98CEC0FA5B860E8C618157F9F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11345169" ID-GBIF-Taxon="231547317" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11345169" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9F1D05D98CEC0FA5B860E8C618157F9F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9F1D05D98CEC0FA5B860E8C618157F9F" lastPageNumber="599" pageNumber="599" sourceUrl="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=14001057">
<subSubSection id="477C1F8E248A34CBAD132259A66B0463" pageNumber="599" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="0BCFE3058E322D774D8466A86BF58685" pageNumber="599">
<taxonomicName id="17626657AF38F725C15446AE6DAD00F2" ID-CoL="75KB3" authority="(Erxleben 1777)" baseAuthorityName="Erxleben" baseAuthorityYear="1777" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Pagophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="groenlandicus">
<emphasis id="46EE5956CBA95E54489E54C09C630373" italics="true" pageNumber="599">Pagophilus groenlandicus</emphasis>
(Erxleben 1777)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AA6BEF4D335938B2AE1D3AB2BFB4706C" pageNumber="599" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="A8DD9190FB7D6BC2D39C19A52FB89AA0" pageNumber="599">
<treatmentCitation id="A2519A925A29312F50EE9844EA3BF60A" author="Erxleben" authority="Erxleben 1777" authorityName="Erxleben" authorityYear="1777" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Phoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" page="588" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="groenlandica" title="Phoca groenlandica" volumeTitle="Systema Regni Animalis, Vol. 1" year="1777">
<taxonomicName id="6C749B24B1D97D8B7ABBC557613A96E5" ID-CoL="4GK53" authority="Erxleben 1777" authorityName="Erxleben" authorityYear="1777" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Phoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="groenlandica">
<emphasis id="A72F8A810B8D2DC8C9AF98E74BC9669F" italics="true" pageNumber="599">[Phoca] groenlandica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="02BF1524CF6ADD5BE0ADFC43B0BEDCCE" author="Erxleben, J. C. P." refId="ref96470" refString="Erxleben, J. C. P. 1777. Systema regni animalis per classes, ordines, genera, species, varietates, cum synonymia et historia animalium. Classis I. Mammalia. Weygandianis, Lipsiae, 636 pp." year="1777">Erxleben 1777</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibCitation id="68CA8879A872D4C53C9AE9A5BD702ABD" author="Erxleben" pageNumber="599" pagination="588" title="Phoca groenlandica" volumeTitle="Systema Regni Animalis, Vol. 1" year="1777">Systema Regni Animalis, Vol. 1: 588</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1C38ADDF005403628E628C269AA4127F" pageNumber="599" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="3055F6B389A5945C9292D32CA1F18167" pageNumber="599">
<emphasis id="D588F7D665DD8C6B5FC577351F2A1C57" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="599">Type Locality:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="0C64EBDD0968434E7F6B9ED2A068BD25" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4867350390" country="Greenland" pageNumber="599">
&quot;in
<collectingCountry id="9A92A7A74FDB45C542DB9FE03D6604ED" name="Greenland">Groenlandia</collectingCountry>
et Newfoundland.&quot;
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3E929F4507E2A4B35C39B9C495354A8A" pageNumber="599" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="0FEDEA9683CE365F685019E0E70A3F94" pageNumber="599">
<emphasis id="3DD50BFDC3290658E034CC0480B336EC" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="599">Vernacular Names:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="5313FD5F7470810FC41972AA28613F8C" language="eng" pageNumber="599">Harp Seal</vernacularName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AED7D6FE421274BE9D2FCAE1065319C8" pageNumber="599" type="synonym_list">
<paragraph id="DDAA6A296C523479E8DA13BDB074BCB2" pageNumber="599">
<emphasis id="8B6182964416E2A6901BC7739960AD44" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="599">Synonyms:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A4A728145BFEA8DDD1C32C3419A86341" authority="(Desmarest 1822)" baseAuthorityName="Desmarest" baseAuthorityYear="1822" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Pagophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albicauda">
<emphasis id="1CFACF8AF11A8052C0600E9D0FBEE612" italics="true" pageNumber="599">Pagophilus albicauda</emphasis>
(Desmarest 1822)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="59AD239BE510BC3E7876CB137B133A25" authority="(Alessandrini 1851)" baseAuthorityName="Alessandrini" baseAuthorityYear="1851" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Pagophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albini">
<emphasis id="CFB6D41BF9B4DEBFF055DDE4ED097E74" italics="true" pageNumber="599">Pagophilus albini</emphasis>
(Alessandrini 1851)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="BF8E8F6A81A253C7AD11D679C06A0E85" authority="(Pallas 1811)" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1811" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Pagophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorsata">
<emphasis id="7F353A17854C94F1A8433A7BF5DA909D" italics="true" pageNumber="599">Pagophilus dorsata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="BF372C22C6E12866E25156FF292BA7CF" author="Pallas, P. S." refId="ref271664" refString="Pallas, P. S. 1811 [1831]. Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium Animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico et adjacentibus maribus observatorum recensionem, domicillia, mores et descriptiones, anatomen atque icones plurimorum. [ICZN Opinion 212 -- dates of volumes: 1 &amp; 2: 1811; 3: 1814]. Petropoli, in officina Caes. acadamiae scientiarum. 3 vol. [official date of publ for vol 1 - 1811 impress], 1: 1 - 568." year="1811">Pallas 1811</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="2D90F48B6BA77DDABD1FB18942B5530A" authority="(Thienemann 1824)" baseAuthorityName="Thienemann" baseAuthorityYear="1824" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Pagophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucopla">
<emphasis id="56F448CA2F20145844EBDF805C2CBD57" italics="true" pageNumber="599">Pagophilus leucopla</emphasis>
(Thienemann 1824)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="C3B00A3AF97991A50AAA6097FB18A045" authority="(Lepechin 1778)" baseAuthorityName="Lepechin" baseAuthorityYear="1778" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Pagophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oceanica">
<emphasis id="9EDD9FEE93359944F291787015EC9C0F" italics="true" pageNumber="599">Pagophilus oceanica</emphasis>
(Lepechin 1778)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="2EAB7523511E0184649E22AE811ED09E" authority="(Boddaert 1785)" baseAuthorityName="Boddaert" baseAuthorityYear="1785" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Pagophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="semilunaris">
<emphasis id="0D1CC88E2C21646EBD879CCA2EA77126" italics="true" pageNumber="599">Pagophilus semilunaris</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="14F2E9E27938287946878440AA03B750" author="Boddaert, P." refId="ref34353" refString="Boddaert, P. 1785. Elenchus animalium, volumen 1: Sistens quadrupedia huc usque nota, erorumque varietates. C. R. Hake, Rotterdam, 174 pp." year="1785">Boddaert 1785</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3B80104AFFC44C3C3C2BE9D09D9809B1" pageNumber="599" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="763500D882C2AA99214041EB2560679D" pageNumber="599">
<emphasis id="9789194633FC3545118487E410C60E4C" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="599">Distribution:</emphasis>
N Atlantic and Arctic oceans and coastal regions of
<collectingCountry id="AC276CD46995577F8CC1369FC1BB095C" name="Canada">Canada</collectingCountry>
(Newfoundland),
<collectingCountry id="89725EEE07DC43FC417CAE038AFF2859" name="France">France</collectingCountry>
(vagrant),
<collectingCountry id="B808B1DE5D0164A44A0619C17B7F8AD4" name="Germany">Germany</collectingCountry>
(vagrant),
<collectingCountry id="39617C0A86EDB87A9C6D491B58A50804" name="Greenland">Greenland</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="32FC4EF6A82C749C05F42D89F82E1557" name="Iceland">Iceland</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="927336B9D6446FD0A35426579C31C6C8" name="Norway">Norway</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="72DED03F0008B42C8F7CB5B8E8C8A044" name="Russia">Russia</collectingCountry>
from E
<collectingCountry id="A1047979E0B4270C2D8C6B0DB45BB1F0" name="Canada">Canada</collectingCountry>
to the White Sea (
<collectingCountry id="FC3719EC0F1044D296FCBD8451C11A6C" name="Russia">Russia</collectingCountry>
),
<collectingCountry id="99EFA54439DD63222318293DD9CE9370" name="United Kingdom">Scotland</collectingCountry>
(vagrant),
<collectingCountry id="826F44DAAD49C9A1B152209368021E56" name="United States of America">USA</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="73C26B4A8FBE16EB6FBAD675D7990CB6" country="United States of America" name="Virginia">Virginia</collectingRegion>
- vagrant).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F464E7EAF0D1E740BEE5981FA782CB15" pageNumber="599" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="936D1628EFBA3EBFC8659BA7C342FC1E" pageNumber="599">
<emphasis id="DF3DEE8C77617F5E246F87DF3A06FF21" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="599">Conservation:</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="D561C44BEF7ADF84E0885A12F0AC8D6B">IUCN</collectionCode>
– Lower Risk (lc).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="806951500B001053167488C6444BCF6D">Taxonomic notes on toad bug genus Nerthra (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gelastocoridae) with description of a new species from Bonaire and Curaçao</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="5FAEECD8FFC7970AFEED5012FDE1B33C" box="[300,611,1121,1145]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" type="nomenclature">
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<heading id="4C43083FFFC7970AFEED5012FDE1B33C" box="[300,611,1121,1145]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="D0B4C4D0FFC7970AFEED5012FDE1B33C" ID-CoL="476GS" authority="Todd, 1959" authorityName="Todd" authorityYear="1959" box="[300,611,1121,1145]" class="Insecta" family="Gelastocoridae" genus="Nerthra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidua">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC7970AFEED5012FDE1B33C" bold="true" box="[300,611,1121,1145]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC7970AFEED5012FE62B33C" bold="true" box="[300,480,1121,1145]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Nerthra occidua</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7325C2A2FFC7970AFE275011FDE1B33C" author="TODD E. L." box="[486,611,1122,1145]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" pagination="61 - 94" refId="ref10352" refString="TODD E. L. 1959: The Gelastocoridae of Melanesia (Hemiptera). Nova Guinea (N. S.) 10: 61 - 94." type="journal article" year="1959">Todd, 1959</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5FAEECD8FFC7970AFEB050F3FD9CB3D6" box="[369,542,1152,1171]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" type="description">
<paragraph id="170BBF53FFC7970AFEB050F3FD9CB3D6" blockId="9.[151,687,1152,1232]" box="[369,542,1152,1171]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
(
<figureCitation id="8F8FA3D6FFC7970AFEB650F3FE3BB3D6" box="[375,441,1152,1171]" captionStart="Figs 15–18" captionStartId="5.[151,188,2034,2053]" captionTargetBox="[316,1272,1270,1997]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[293,1295,1249,2002]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 15–18. Nerthra spp., apex of paramere, ventral view: 15 – N. americana (Montandon, 1905); 16 – N. buenoi Todd, 1955; 17 – N. occidua Todd, 1959; 18 – N. raptoria (Fabricius, 1803)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11449780" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11449780/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Figs 17</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8F8FA3D6FFC7970AFE0350F3FE7BB3D6" box="[450,505,1152,1171]" captionStart-0="Figs 31–34" captionStart-1="Figs 35–37" captionStartId-0="10.[151,188,1564,1583]" captionStartId-1="11.[151,188,964,983]" captionTargetBox-0="[173,1427,193,1542]" captionTargetBox-1="[231,1356,207,946]" captionTargetId-0="figure-13@10.[151,1436,183,1552]" captionTargetId-1="figure-352@11.[198,1357,189,947]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionText-0="Figs 31–34. Nerthra occidua Todd, 1959. 31–33 – male, habitus (31 – dorsal view, cleaned; 32 – ventral view, cleaned; 33 – dorsal view, before cleaning). 34 – female, habitus (ventral view, cleaned)." captionText-1="Figs 35–37. Nerthra occidua Todd, 1959. 35–36 – female, habitus dorsal view (35 – before cleaning, 36 – cleaned). 37 – apex of paramere (ventral view)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11449799" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11449803" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/11449799/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/11449803/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">31–37</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8F8FA3D6FFC7970AFDC350F3FD9AB3D6" box="[514,536,1152,1171]" captionStart="Figs 38–39" captionStartId="12.[151,189,2029,2048]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,197,2004]" captionTargetId="figure-13@12.[151,1437,189,2010]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figs 38–39. Distribution of treated Nerthra species: 38 – N. americana (Montandon, 1905), N. buenoi Todd, 1955 and N. papaceki sp. nov.; 39 – N. occidua Todd, 1959." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11449805" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11449805/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">39</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5FAEECD8FFC7970AFF5650D1FD2DB395" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="170BBF53FFC7970AFF5650D1FDE9B3F0" blockId="9.[151,687,1152,1232]" box="[151,619,1186,1205]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="37A4987DFFC7970AFF5650D1FDE9B3F0" box="[151,619,1186,1205]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
<treatmentCitation id="96159942FFC7970AFF5650D1FE28B3F0" author="TODD E. L." box="[151,426,1186,1205]" page="71" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" year="1959">
<taxonomicName id="D0B4C4D0FFC7970AFF5650D1FE28B3F0" ID-CoL="476GS" authority="Todd, 1959: 71" authorityName="Todd" authorityPageNumber="71" authorityYear="1959" box="[151,426,1186,1205]" class="Insecta" family="Gelastocoridae" genus="Nerthra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidua">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC7970AFF5650D1FEA6B3F0" box="[151,292,1186,1205]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Nerthra occidua</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7325C2A2FFC7970AFEE850D1FE28B3F0" author="TODD E. L." box="[297,426,1186,1205]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" pagination="61 - 94" refId="ref10352" refString="TODD E. L. 1959: The Gelastocoridae of Melanesia (Hemiptera). Nova Guinea (N. S.) 10: 61 - 94." type="journal article" year="1959">Todd, 1959: 71</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(original description).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="170BBF53FFC7970AFF5650CEFD2DB395" blockId="9.[151,687,1152,1232]" box="[151,687,1213,1232]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="37A4987DFFC7970AFF5650CEFD2DB395" box="[151,687,1213,1232]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
<treatmentCitation id="96159942FFC7970AFF5650CEFE19B395" author="TODD E. L." box="[151,411,1213,1232]" page="72" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" year="1959">
<taxonomicName id="D0B4C4D0FFC7970AFF5650CEFE19B395" ID-CoL="476G9" authority="Todd, 1959: 72" authorityName="Todd" authorityPageNumber="72" authorityYear="1959" box="[151,411,1213,1232]" class="Insecta" family="Gelastocoridae" genus="Nerthra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lurida">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC7970AFF5650CEFE96B395" box="[151,276,1213,1232]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Nerthra lurida</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7325C2A2FFC7970AFEDB50CEFE19B395" author="TODD E. L." box="[282,411,1213,1232]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" pagination="61 - 94" refId="ref10352" refString="TODD E. L. 1959: The Gelastocoridae of Melanesia (Hemiptera). Nova Guinea (N. S.) 10: 61 - 94." type="journal article" year="1959">Todd, 1959: 72</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(original description),
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC7970AFDA150CEFD2DB395" bold="true" box="[608,687,1213,1232]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">syn. nov.</emphasis>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5FAEECD8FFC7970AFF565094FDB8B1F1" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="170BBF53FFC7970AFF565094FEBCB26A" blockId="9.[151,761,1251,1327]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC7970AFF565094FEF6B3BF" bold="true" box="[151,372,1255,1274]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Type material examined.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D0B4C4D0FFC7970AFEB95094FE71B3BF" authorityName="Todd" authorityYear="1959" box="[376,499,1255,1274]" class="Insecta" family="Gelastocoridae" genus="Nerthra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lurida">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC7970AFEB95094FE71B3BF" box="[376,499,1255,1274]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Nerthra lurida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<materialsCitation id="A7DCB50EFFC7970AFE3D5094FEBCB26A" collectingDate="1937-07" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="Drescher" country="Indonesia" elevation="900" location="Nanggala" municipality="Rantepao" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Sulawesi Selatan" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="C80F01F1FFC7970AFE3D5094FDD4B3BF" box="[508,598,1255,1274]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="01B274DAFFC7970AFD9E5090FDEDB3BF" box="[607,623,1251,1274]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
,
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC7970AFDB95094FEB9B251" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
<collectingCountry id="6FA3FFC3FFC7970AFDB95094FD76B3BF" box="[632,756,1255,1274]" name="Indonesia" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">INDONESIA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="D57071B1FFC7970AFF565172FEB9B251" box="[151,315,1281,1300]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Selatan" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">SULAWESI SELATAN</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="8F8FA3D6FFC7970AFE845172FE07B251" box="[325,389,1281,1300]" captionStart="Figs 38–39" captionStartId="12.[151,189,2029,2048]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,197,2004]" captionTargetId="figure-13@12.[151,1437,189,2010]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figs 38–39. Distribution of treated Nerthra species: 38 – N. americana (Montandon, 1905), N. buenoi Todd, 1955 and N. papaceki sp. nov.; 39 – N. occidua Todd, 1959." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11449805" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11449805/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
):
<collectingMunicipality id="F76F2529FFC7970AFE525172FE64B251" box="[403,486,1281,1300]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Rantepao</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="126BE988FFC7970AFE2C5172FDC3B251" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9F1D0E45FFC79709FEED5012FD26B03B:126BE988FFC7970AFE2C5172FDC3B251" box="[493,577,1281,1300]" country="Indonesia" municipality="Rantepao" name="Nanggala" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" stateProvince="Sulawesi Selatan">Nanggala</location>
,
<quantity id="D04C12B6FFC7970AFD885172FD02B251" box="[585,640,1281,1300]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" unit="m" value="900.0">
<elevation id="9C995860FFC7970AFD885172FD02B251" box="[585,640,1281,1300]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" unit="m" value="900.0">900 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="630A9993FFC7970AFD495172FD52B251" box="[648,720,1281,1300]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" value="1937-07">
<collectingDate id="734E607BFFC7970AFD495172FD52B251" box="[648,720,1281,1300]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" value="1937-07">vii.1937</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="BA41DA85FFC7970AFF56516FFF66B26A" box="[151,228,1308,1327]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Drescher</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="71A52796FFC7970AFF2E516FFEB6B26A" box="[239,308,1308,1327]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" type="Museum">RMNH</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="170BBF53FFC7970AFF565135FDB8B1F1" blockId="9.[150,761,1350,1716]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC7970AFF565135FD7AB21C" bold="true" box="[151,760,1350,1369]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
Additional material examined.
<collectingCountry id="6FA3FFC3FFC7970AFE7E5135FDBFB21C" box="[447,573,1350,1369]" name="Indonesia" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">INDONESIA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="D57071B1FFC7970AFD885135FD72B21C" box="[585,752,1350,1369]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Tengah" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">SULAWESI TENGAH</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Lore Lindu NP, Sopu River Pools,
<quantity id="D04C12B6FFC7970AFE775112FE69B231" box="[438,491,1377,1396]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.3" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" unit="m" value="930.0">930 m</quantity>
a.s.l.,
<date id="630A9993FFC7970AFDDE5112FDF5B231" box="[543,631,1377,1396]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" value="1985-12-06">6.xii.1985</date>
, leg. J. Krikken &amp; J. van Tol,
<specimenCount id="01B274DAFFC7970AFECD5108FEAEB2CA" box="[268,300,1400,1423]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, det. P. Lindskog (identified by comparing with
<typeStatus id="C80F01F1FFC7970AFD0D5108FD70B2CB" box="[716,754,1403,1422]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">type</typeStatus>
) (
<collectionCode id="71A52796FFC7970AFF5C51E5FF60B2EC" box="[157,226,1430,1449]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" type="Museum">RMNH</collectionCode>
); Lore Lindu NP, Sopu River Pools,
<quantity id="D04C12B6FFC7970AFDD151E5FDC7B2EC" box="[528,581,1430,1449]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.3" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" unit="m" value="930.0">930 m</quantity>
a.s.l.,
<date id="630A9993FFC7970AFDB851E5FD53B2EC" box="[633,721,1430,1449]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" value="1985-12-06">6.xii.1985</date>
, leg. J. Krikken &amp; J. van Tol,
<specimenCount id="01B274DAFFC7970AFEAD51C2FE1EB281" box="[364,412,1453,1476]" count="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="71A52796FFC7970AFE6951C2FE6FB281" box="[424,493,1457,1476]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" type="Museum">RMNH</collectionCode>
); Lore Lidu N.P., Dongi Dongi shelter,
<quantity id="D04C12B6FFC7970AFF1851B8FE8CB29B" box="[217,270,1483,1502]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.4" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" unit="m" value="940.0">940 m</quantity>
a.s.l.,
<date id="630A9993FFC7970AFE8351B8FE37B29B" box="[322,437,1483,1502]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" value="1985-12-04" valueMax="1985-12-08" valueMin="1985-12-04">4.‒8.xii.1985</date>
, multistratified evergreen forest, 2 fish traps, leg. J. Krikken,
<specimenCount id="01B274DAFFC7970AFE965195FE0AB2BC" box="[343,392,1506,1529]" count="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" type="female">3 ♀♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="71A52796FFC7970AFE525195FE50B2BC" box="[403,466,1510,1529]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">NCTN</collectionCode>
); same, garage,
<quantity id="D04C12B6FFC7970AFD9C5195FD16B2BC" box="[605,660,1510,1529]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" unit="m" value="950.0">950 m</quantity>
a.s.l.,
<date id="630A9993FFC7970AFD0C5195FF62B151" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" value="1985-12-04" valueMax="1985-12-09" valueMin="1985-12-04">4.‒9. xii.1985</date>
, multistratified evergreen forest, 4 dung traps, leg. J. Krikken, 4 33
<specimenCount id="01B274DAFFC7970AFF0F5268FF7CB16A" box="[206,254,1560,1583]" count="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" type="female">7 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, 1 L (instar 5) (2 33
<specimenCount id="01B274DAFFC7970AFE005268FE70B16A" box="[449,498,1560,1583]" count="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="71A52796FFC7970AFE365268FDB1B16B" box="[503,563,1563,1582]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">NCTN</collectionCode>
, 2 33
<specimenCount id="01B274DAFFC7970AFDB55268FD27B16A" box="[628,677,1560,1583]" count="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" type="female">5 ♀♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="71A52796FFC7970AFD6A5268FD6DB16B" box="[683,751,1563,1582]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" type="Museum">RMNH</collectionCode>
); Lore Lindu NP Dongi Dongi shelter,
<quantity id="D04C12B6FFC7970AFE195245FD8DB10C" box="[472,527,1590,1609]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.4" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" unit="m" value="940.0">940 m</quantity>
a.s.l.,
<date id="630A9993FFC7970AFD865245FD38B10C" box="[583,698,1590,1609]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" value="1985-12-04" valueMax="1985-12-08" valueMin="1985-12-04">4.‒8.xii.1985</date>
, multistratified evergreen forest, 2 human excr[ement] traps, leg. J. Krikken, 1 3
<specimenCount id="01B274DAFFC7970AFF6C5218FF4FB13A" box="[173,205,1640,1663]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, 3 L (instar 4) (
<collectionCode id="71A52796FFC7970AFE955218FE1BB13B" box="[340,409,1643,1662]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" type="Museum">RMNH</collectionCode>
); Lore Lindu NP, Danau Tambing forest,
<quantity id="D04C12B6FFC7970AFF5652F5FF5BB1DC" box="[151,217,1670,1689]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" unit="m" value="1600.0">1600 m</quantity>
a.s.l.,
<date id="630A9993FFC7970AFED352F5FE0DB1DC" box="[274,399,1670,1689]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" value="1985-12-05" valueMax="1985-12-09" valueMin="1985-12-05">5.‒09.xii.1985</date>
, multistratified evergreen forest, 4 human excr[ement] traps, leg. J. Krikken,
<specimenCount id="01B274DAFFC7970AFE0152D2FE62B1F1" box="[448,480,1693,1716]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="71A52796FFC7970AFE2A52D2FDB2B1F1" box="[491,560,1697,1716]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" type="Museum">RMNH</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5FAEECD8FFC79709FF5652BFFD26B03B" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="170BBF53FFC7970AFF5652BFFA98B459" blockId="9.[151,760,1740,2083]" lastBlockId="9.[828,1437,677,1436]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC7970AFF5652BFFE8DB1A6" bold="true" box="[151,271,1740,1763]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Discussion</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="8F8FA3D6FFC7970AFEDC52BFFEEFB1A6" box="[285,365,1740,1763]" captionStart="Figs 38–39" captionStartId="12.[151,189,2029,2048]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,197,2004]" captionTargetId="figure-13@12.[151,1437,189,2010]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figs 38–39. Distribution of treated Nerthra species: 38 – N. americana (Montandon, 1905), N. buenoi Todd, 1955 and N. papaceki sp. nov.; 39 – N. occidua Todd, 1959." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11449805" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11449805/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="7325C2A2FFC7970AFEBE52BFFD88B1A6" author="TODD E. L." box="[383,522,1740,1763]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" pagination="61 - 94" refId="ref10352" refString="TODD E. L. 1959: The Gelastocoridae of Melanesia (Hemiptera). Nova Guinea (N. S.) 10: 61 - 94." type="journal article" year="1959">TODD (1959)</bibRefCitation>
described two species in the same paper, namely
<taxonomicName id="D0B4C4D0FFC7970AFE71529FFDA1B046" authorityName="Todd" authorityYear="1959" box="[432,547,1772,1795]" class="Insecta" family="Gelastocoridae" genus="Nerthra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidua">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC7970AFE71529FFDA1B046" box="[432,547,1772,1795]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">N. occidua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="C80F01F1FFC7970AFDF1529FFD0DB046" box="[560,655,1772,1795]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
male, deposited in Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin) and
<taxonomicName id="D0B4C4D0FFC7970AFD59537FFD75B066" authorityName="Todd" authorityYear="1959" box="[664,759,1804,1827]" class="Insecta" family="Gelastocoridae" genus="Nerthra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lurida">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC7970AFD59537FFD75B066" box="[664,759,1804,1827]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">N. lurida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="C80F01F1FFC7970AFF5F535FFF7FB006" box="[158,253,1836,1859]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
female, deposited in RMNH), and mentioned a number of small differences between them. Both the species were collected from
<collectingRegion id="D57071B1FFC7970AFE69531FFD8AB0C6" box="[424,520,1900,1923]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
but each of them was based on an unique specimen of different sex, therefore comparison of male genitalia was not possible.
<taxonomicName id="D0B4C4D0FFC7970AFD6253DFFF69B0A6" authorityName="Todd" authorityYear="1959" class="Insecta" family="Gelastocoridae" genus="Nerthra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidua">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC7970AFD6253DFFF69B0A6" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Nerthra occidua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="D0B4C4D0FFC7970AFE2C53BFFDCEB0A6" authorityName="Todd" authorityYear="1959" box="[493,588,1996,2019]" class="Insecta" family="Gelastocoridae" genus="Nerthra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lurida">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC7970AFE2C53BFFDCEB0A6" box="[493,588,1996,2019]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">N. lurida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by a wider head (equal to combined length of pronotum and scutellum), the front of the head rounded, scutellum moderate with median and basal portions depressed, and the pronotum and abdomen wider. According to the drawing given by
<bibRefCitation id="7325C2A2FFC7970AFCFD5696FC6BB5B9" author="TODD E. L." box="[828,1001,741,764]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" pagination="61 - 94" refId="ref10352" refString="TODD E. L. 1959: The Gelastocoridae of Melanesia (Hemiptera). Nova Guinea (N. S.) 10: 61 - 94." type="journal article" year="1959">TODD (1959: 63</bibRefCitation>
, figs 14–15), little difference can be seen except that
<taxonomicName id="D0B4C4D0FFC7970AFC765776FB95B459" authorityName="Todd" authorityYear="1959" box="[951,1047,773,796]" class="Insecta" family="Gelastocoridae" genus="Nerthra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lurida">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC7970AFC765776FB95B459" box="[951,1047,773,796]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">N. lurida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very slightly broader.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="170BBF53FFC79709FC9B5756FD26B03B" blockId="9.[828,1437,677,1436]" lastBlockId="10.[151,760,1671,1918]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
After the work of Todd, additional gelastocorids were collected in
<collectingRegion id="D57071B1FFC7970AFC7E5736FB9DB419" box="[959,1055,837,860]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
by Dr. J. Krikken and other colleagues of RMNH during the Project Wallace in 1985. It is interesting to note that the specimens were collected in pitfalls baited with excrement or rotting fish as collateral catch of research on dung beetles. There are other records of species of
<taxonomicName id="D0B4C4D0FFC7970AFC095796FB9EB4B9" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1832" box="[968,1052,997,1020]" class="Insecta" family="Gelastocoridae" genus="Nerthra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC7970AFC095796FB9EB4B9" box="[968,1052,997,1020]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Nerthra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
found in cow dung: the Neotropical
<taxonomicName id="D0B4C4D0FFC7970AFCFD5076FB9CB359" authority="Todd, 1955" authorityName="Todd" authorityYear="1955" box="[828,1054,1029,1052]" class="Insecta" family="Gelastocoridae" genus="Nerthra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manni">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC7970AFCFD5076FC1CB359" box="[828,926,1029,1052]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">N. manni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7325C2A2FFC7970AFC645076FB9CB359" author="TODD E. L." box="[933,1054,1029,1052]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" pagination="277 - 475" refId="ref10253" refString="TODD E. L. 1955: A taxonomic revision of the family Gelastocoridae (Hemiptera). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 37: 277 - 475." type="journal article" year="1955">Todd, 1955</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7325C2A2FFC7970AFBEC5076FAE5B359" author="LAUCK D. R. &amp; WHEATCROFT D. G." box="[1069,1383,1029,1052]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" pagination="20" refId="ref9334" refString="LAUCK D. R. &amp; WHEATCROFT D. G. 1958: Notes on a new habitat for Nerthra. Entomological News 69: 20." type="journal article" year="1958">LAUCK &amp; WHEATCROFT 1958</bibRefCitation>
) and
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC7970AFCFD5056FC39B379" box="[828,955,1061,1084]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
<taxonomicName id="D0B4C4D0FFC7970AFCFD5056FC35B379" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1803" box="[828,951,1061,1084]" class="Insecta" family="Gelastocoridae" genus="Nerthra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="raptoria">N. raptoria</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
specimens in RMNH (see above). This does not necessarily imply that these species eat dung, but more likely the bugs are able to find prey near this kind of smell. We have compared the later samples with the
<typeStatus id="C80F01F1FFC7970AFAE350F6FAFDB3D9" box="[1314,1407,1157,1180]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="D0B4C4D0FFC7970AFCFD50D6FC19B3F9" authorityName="Todd" authorityYear="1959" box="[828,923,1189,1212]" class="Insecta" family="Gelastocoridae" genus="Nerthra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lurida">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC7970AFCFD50D6FC19B3F9" box="[828,923,1189,1212]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">N. lurida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Running the key of
<bibRefCitation id="7325C2A2FFC7970AFBB950D6FAAFB3F9" author="TODD E. L." box="[1144,1325,1189,1212]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" pagination="61 - 94" refId="ref10352" refString="TODD E. L. 1959: The Gelastocoridae of Melanesia (Hemiptera). Nova Guinea (N. S.) 10: 61 - 94." type="journal article" year="1959">TODD (1959: 62)</bibRefCitation>
, the males of this series from
<collectingRegion id="D57071B1FFC7970AFC3C50B6FBDFB399" box="[1021,1117,1221,1244]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
(
<figureCitation id="8F8FA3D6FFC7970AFBAB50B6FB61B399" box="[1130,1251,1221,1244]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Figs 31–34" captionStartId-0="9.[828,859,2028,2047]" captionStartId-1="10.[151,188,1564,1583]" captionTargetBox-0="[851,1405,1503,2004]" captionTargetBox-1="[173,1427,193,1542]" captionTargetId-0="figure-838@9.[823,1441,1489,2015]" captionTargetId-1="figure-13@10.[151,1436,183,1552]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionText-0="Fig. 30. Nerthra papaceki sp. nov., paramere and pygophore (a – ventral view, b – dorsal view)." captionText-1="Figs 31–34. Nerthra occidua Todd, 1959. 31–33 – male, habitus (31 – dorsal view, cleaned; 32 – ventral view, cleaned; 33 – dorsal view, before cleaning). 34 – female, habitus (ventral view, cleaned)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11449797" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11449799" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/11449797/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/11449799/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Figs 30–32</figureCitation>
) can be identified as
<taxonomicName id="D0B4C4D0FFC7970AFC985096FC4FB3B9" authorityName="Todd" authorityYear="1959" box="[857,973,1253,1276]" class="Insecta" family="Gelastocoridae" genus="Nerthra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidua">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC7970AFC985096FC4FB3B9" box="[857,973,1253,1276]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">N. occidua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the shape of paramere (
<bibRefCitation id="7325C2A2FFC7970AFB305096FA1AB3B9" author="TODD E. L." box="[1265,1432,1253,1276]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" pagination="61 - 94" refId="ref10352" refString="TODD E. L. 1959: The Gelastocoridae of Melanesia (Hemiptera). Nova Guinea (N. S.) 10: 61 - 94." type="journal article" year="1959">TODD 1959: 69</bibRefCitation>
, Fig. 45). However, the front of the head (
<figureCitation id="8F8FA3D6FFC7970AFB3E5176FAF9B259" box="[1279,1403,1285,1308]" captionStart="Figs 31–34" captionStartId="10.[151,188,1564,1583]" captionTargetBox="[173,1427,193,1542]" captionTargetId="figure-13@10.[151,1436,183,1552]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figs 31–34. Nerthra occidua Todd, 1959. 31–33 – male, habitus (31 – dorsal view, cleaned; 32 – ventral view, cleaned; 33 – dorsal view, before cleaning). 34 – female, habitus (ventral view, cleaned)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11449799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11449799/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Figs 31–34</figureCitation>
) is flat and its width is less than the combined length of the pronotum and the scutellum (4.5 / 5.0), which would agree with
<taxonomicName id="D0B4C4D0FFC7970AFCB15116FC4CB239" authorityName="Todd" authorityYear="1959" box="[880,974,1381,1404]" class="Insecta" family="Gelastocoridae" genus="Nerthra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lurida">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC7970AFCB15116FC4CB239" box="[880,974,1381,1404]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">N. lurida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
according to
<bibRefCitation id="7325C2A2FFC7970AFB995116FB66B239" author="TODD E. L." box="[1112,1252,1381,1404]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" pagination="61 - 94" refId="ref10352" refString="TODD E. L. 1959: The Gelastocoridae of Melanesia (Hemiptera). Nova Guinea (N. S.) 10: 61 - 94." type="journal article" year="1959">TODD (1959)</bibRefCitation>
. In some females, the front of the head is slightly convex (
<figureCitation id="8F8FA3D6FFC7970AFB2B51F6FAE5B2D9" box="[1258,1383,1413,1436]" captionStart="Figs 31–34" captionStartId="10.[151,188,1564,1583]" captionTargetBox="[173,1427,193,1542]" captionTargetId="figure-13@10.[151,1436,183,1552]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figs 31–34. Nerthra occidua Todd, 1959. 31–33 – male, habitus (31 – dorsal view, cleaned; 32 – ventral view, cleaned; 33 – dorsal view, before cleaning). 34 – female, habitus (ventral view, cleaned)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11449799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11449799/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Figs 31–34</figureCitation>
), but in most, as in
<taxonomicName id="D0B4C4D0FFC49709FEE652F4FE1AB1DB" authorityName="Todd" authorityYear="1959" box="[295,408,1671,1694]" class="Insecta" family="Gelastocoridae" genus="Nerthra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidua">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC49709FEE652F4FE1AB1DB" box="[295,408,1671,1694]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">N. occidua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the width of head is less than the length of the pronotum and the scutellum combined (4.7 / 5.1) as in
<taxonomicName id="D0B4C4D0FFC49709FF3A52B4FED8B19B" authorityName="Todd" authorityYear="1959" box="[251,346,1735,1758]" class="Insecta" family="Gelastocoridae" genus="Nerthra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lurida">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC49709FF3A52B4FED8B19B" box="[251,346,1735,1758]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">N. lurida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The scutellum itself is not elevated but all three tumescences are strongly elevated in both males and females. Therefore, we conclude that
<taxonomicName id="D0B4C4D0FFC49709FD965374FD48B05B" authorityName="Todd" authorityYear="1959" box="[599,714,1799,1822]" class="Insecta" family="Gelastocoridae" genus="Nerthra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidua">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC49709FD965374FD48B05B" box="[599,714,1799,1822]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">N. occidua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D0B4C4D0FFC49709FF565354FF75B07B" authorityName="Todd" authorityYear="1959" box="[151,247,1831,1854]" class="Insecta" family="Gelastocoridae" genus="Nerthra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lurida">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC49709FF565354FF75B07B" box="[151,247,1831,1854]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">N. lurida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
refer to the same species. We choose
<taxonomicName id="D0B4C4D0FFC49709FD445354FD75B07B" authorityName="Todd" authorityYear="1959" box="[645,759,1831,1854]" class="Insecta" family="Gelastocoridae" genus="Nerthra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidua">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC49709FD445354FD75B07B" box="[645,759,1831,1854]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">N. occidua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as the valid name because it was described on a male, and
<taxonomicName id="D0B4C4D0FFC49709FF565314FF75B03B" authorityName="Todd" authorityYear="1959" box="[151,247,1895,1918]" class="Insecta" family="Gelastocoridae" genus="Nerthra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lurida">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC49709FF565314FF75B03B" box="[151,247,1895,1918]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="43">N. lurida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
becomes its junior subjective synonym.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<heading id="4C43083FFFC89705FEF850E6FDD5B3E8" box="[313,599,1173,1197]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" reason="3">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC89705FEF850E6FDD5B3E8" bold="true" box="[313,599,1173,1197]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="D0B4C4D0FFC89705FEF850E6FE7BB3E8" authority="Nieser &amp; Chen &amp; Caspers, 2024" authorityName="Nieser &amp; Chen &amp; Caspers" authorityYear="2024" box="[313,505,1173,1197]" class="Insecta" family="Gelastocoridae" genus="Nerthra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papaceki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC89705FEF850E6FE7BB3E8" bold="true" box="[313,505,1173,1197]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Nerthra papaceki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3EF3DE3AFFC89705FDC150E5FDD5B3E8" box="[512,599,1174,1197]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5FAEECD8FFC89705FE4150C7FD8CB382" box="[384,526,1204,1223]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" type="description">
<paragraph id="170BBF53FFC89705FE4150C7FD8CB382" blockId="6.[151,761,1204,1452]" box="[384,526,1204,1223]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">
(
<figureCitation id="8F8FA3D6FFC89705FE4750C7FE68B382" box="[390,490,1204,1223]" captionStart-0="Figs 24–27" captionStart-1="Figs 28–29" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="7.[151,188,1879,1898]" captionStartId-1="8.[150,187,1037,1056]" captionStartId-2="9.[828,859,2028,2047]" captionTargetBox-0="[154,1436,195,1829]" captionTargetBox-1="[188,1400,194,989]" captionTargetBox-2="[851,1405,1503,2004]" captionTargetId-0="figure-16@7.[151,1436,189,1859]" captionTargetId-1="figure-13@8.[151,1436,189,1016]" captionTargetId-2="figure-838@9.[823,1441,1489,2015]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionTargetPageId-2="9" captionText-0="Figs 24–27. Nerthra papaceki sp. nov., holotype, male. 24–26 – habitus: 24 – dorsal view (cleaned, genital capsule removed); 25 – habitus, ventral view (cleaned, genital capsule removed); 26 – dorsal view (before cleaning, genital capsule extended). 27 – genital capsule (ventral view)." captionText-1="Figs 28–29. Nerthra papaceki sp. nov. paratype, female, habitus (28 – dorsal view, before cleaning; 29 – ventral view, cleaned)." captionText-2="Fig. 30. Nerthra papaceki sp. nov., paramere and pygophore (a – ventral view, b – dorsal view)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11449790" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11449792" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11449797" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/11449790/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/11449792/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/11449797/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Figs 24–30</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8F8FA3D6FFC89705FE3350C7FD8AB382" box="[498,520,1204,1223]" captionStart="Figs 38–39" captionStartId="12.[151,189,2029,2048]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,197,2004]" captionTargetId="figure-13@12.[151,1437,189,2010]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figs 38–39. Distribution of treated Nerthra species: 38 – N. americana (Montandon, 1905), N. buenoi Todd, 1955 and N. papaceki sp. nov.; 39 – N. occidua Todd, 1959." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11449805" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11449805/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">38</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5FAEECD8FFC89705FF5650A5FECBB2EE" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="170BBF53FFC89705FF5650A5FDDAB3AC" blockId="6.[151,761,1204,1452]" box="[151,600,1238,1257]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC89705FF5650A5FE92B3AC" bold="true" box="[151,272,1238,1257]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">
<typeStatus id="C80F01F1FFC89705FF5650A5FF46B3AC" box="[151,196,1238,1257]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="6FA3FFC3FFC89705FED450A5FED9B3AC" box="[277,347,1238,1257]" name="Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Bonaire</collectingCountry>
, Lac, Cai,
<geoCoordinate id="7280D994FFC89705FE7750A5FE7CB3AC" box="[438,510,1238,1257]" degrees="12" direction="north" minutes="11" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" precision="925" value="12.183333">12°11′N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="7280D994FFC89705FDC650A5FDD6B3AC" box="[519,596,1238,1257]" degrees="68" direction="west" minutes="22" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" precision="925" value="-68.36667">68°22′W</geoCoordinate>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="170BBF53FFC89705FF56508BFECBB2EE" blockId="6.[151,761,1204,1452]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC89705FF56508BFEA9B24E" bold="true" box="[151,299,1272,1291]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="A7DCB50EFFC89705FEF5508BFD77B263" collectingDate="1967-09-16" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="P. W. Hummelinck" country="Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba" latitude="12.183333" location="Lac" longLatPrecision="1293" longitude="-68.36667" municipality="Cai" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="C80F01F1FFC89705FEF5508BFE17B24E" box="[308,405,1272,1291]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
: 3:
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC89705FE07508BFDB5B24E" bold="true" box="[454,567,1272,1291]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">
<collectingCountry id="6FA3FFC3FFC89705FE07508BFDB1B24E" box="[454,563,1272,1291]" name="Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">BONAIRE</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
<location id="126BE988FFC89705FD80508BFDE4B24E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9F1D0E45FFC8970AFEF850E6FD7BB4B9:126BE988FFC89705FD80508BFDE4B24E" box="[577,614,1272,1291]" country="Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba" latitude="12.183333" longLatPrecision="1293" longitude="-68.36667" municipality="Cai" name="Lac" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Lac</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="F76F2529FFC89705FDB2508BFD17B24E" box="[627,661,1272,1291]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Cai</collectingMunicipality>
,
<geoCoordinate id="7280D994FFC89705FD62508BFD71B24E" box="[675,755,1272,1291]" degrees="12" direction="north" minutes="11" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" precision="925" value="12.183333">12°11’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="7280D994FFC89705FF565160FF64B263" box="[151,230,1299,1318]" degrees="68" direction="west" minutes="22" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" precision="925" value="-68.36667">68°22’W</geoCoordinate>
,
<taxonomicName id="D0B4C4D0FFC89705FF2C5160FED2B263" box="[237,336,1299,1318]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhizophoraceae" genus="Rhizophora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC89705FF2C5160FED2B263" box="[237,336,1299,1318]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Rhizophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="630A9993FFC89705FE985160FE34B263" box="[345,438,1299,1318]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" value="1967-09-16">
<collectingDate id="734E607BFFC89705FE985160FE34B263" box="[345,438,1299,1318]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" value="1967-09-16">16.ix.1967</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="BA41DA85FFC89705FE215160FDFFB263" box="[480,637,1299,1318]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">P.W. Hummelinck</collectorName>
880 (
<collectionCode id="71A52796FFC89705FD6B5160FD6DB263" box="[682,751,1299,1318]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" type="Museum">RMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="C80F01F1FFC89705FF56515DFF73B204" box="[151,241,1326,1345]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
:
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC89705FEC1515DFEEEB204" bold="true" box="[256,364,1326,1345]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">
<collectingCountry id="6FA3FFC3FFC89705FEC1515DFEEAB204" box="[256,360,1326,1345]" name="Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">BONAIRE</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
same data as
<typeStatus id="C80F01F1FFC89705FE2E515DFDBCB204" box="[495,574,1326,1345]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
,
<specimenCount id="01B274DAFFC89705FD88515DFDE9B204" box="[585,619,1322,1345]" count="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="71A52796FFC89705FDB8515DFD3DB204" box="[633,703,1326,1345]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" type="Museum">RMNH</collectionCode>
); Cay, entrance of Lac,
<taxonomicName id="D0B4C4D0FFC89705FEEC513BFE01B21E" box="[301,387,1352,1371]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Avicennia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC89705FEEC513BFE01B21E" box="[301,387,1352,1371]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Avicennia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
leaves,
<date id="630A9993FFC89705FE0C513BFDA3B21E" box="[461,545,1352,1371]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" value="1948-09-01">1.ix.1948</date>
, leg. P. W. Hummelinck 180a,
<specimenCount id="01B274DAFFC89705FF115110FF76B233" box="[208,244,1375,1398]" count="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="71A52796FFC89705FEC35110FEC1B233" box="[258,323,1379,1398]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">NCTN</collectionCode>
).
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC89705FE945110FE4EB233" bold="true" box="[341,460,1379,1398]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">
<collectingCountry id="6FA3FFC3FFC89705FE945110FE4AB233" box="[341,456,1379,1398]" name="Curaçao" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">CURAÇAO</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
Groot St. Joris, shore,
<geoCoordinate id="7280D994FFC89705FD695110FD76B233" box="[680,756,1379,1398]" degrees="12" direction="north" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" precision="925" value="12.2">12°12′N</geoCoordinate>
, 68°83′W,
<taxonomicName id="D0B4C4D0FFC89705FF2D510DFED3B2D4" box="[236,337,1406,1425]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhizophoraceae" genus="Rhizophora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC89705FF2D510DFED3B2D4" box="[236,337,1406,1425]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Rhizophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in muddy sand,
<date id="630A9993FFC89705FE1A510DFDAFB2D4" box="[475,557,1406,1425]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" value="1949-04-09">9.iv.1949</date>
, leg. P.W. Hummelinck 326,
<specimenCount id="01B274DAFFC89705FF0251EBFF76B2E9" box="[195,244,1429,1452]" count="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="71A52796FFC89705FF3E51EBFEBDB2EE" box="[255,319,1432,1451]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">NCTN</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5FAEECD8FFC8970BFF5651B7FEECB3A5" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" type="description">
<paragraph id="170BBF53FFC89705FF5651B7FDF3B13E" blockId="6.[151,761,1475,2075]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC89705FF5651B7FE2DB29E" bold="true" box="[151,431,1475,1499]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">
Description.
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC89705FEED51B0FE2DB29E" bold="true" box="[300,431,1475,1499]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Dimensions</emphasis>
</emphasis>
(in mm). Male (
<figureCitation id="8F8FA3D6FFC89705FDAA51B7FD6FB29E" box="[619,749,1476,1499]" captionStart="Figs 24–27" captionStartId="7.[151,188,1879,1898]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,195,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-16@7.[151,1436,189,1859]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figs 24–27. Nerthra papaceki sp. nov., holotype, male. 24–26 – habitus: 24 – dorsal view (cleaned, genital capsule removed); 25 – habitus, ventral view (cleaned, genital capsule removed); 26 – dorsal view (before cleaning, genital capsule extended). 27 – genital capsule (ventral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11449790" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11449790/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Figs 24–26</figureCitation>
): Length 5.21, width of pronotum 3.58, width of abdomen 3.61, width of hemielytra over embolia 3.72. Female (
<figureCitation id="8F8FA3D6FFC89705FD095277FF62B17E" captionStart="Figs 28–29" captionStartId="8.[150,187,1037,1056]" captionTargetBox="[188,1400,194,989]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[151,1436,189,1016]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 28–29. Nerthra papaceki sp. nov. paratype, female, habitus (28 – dorsal view, before cleaning; 29 – ventral view, cleaned)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11449792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11449792/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Figs 28–29</figureCitation>
): length 5.77–
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC89705FEBD5257FE29B17E" box="[380,427,1572,1595]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">5.87</emphasis>
–
<quantity id="D04C12B6FFC89705FE785257FD9FB17E" box="[441,541,1572,1595]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.96" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="5.96">5.96 mm</quantity>
, width of pronotum 3.70–
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC89705FF125237FE83B11E" box="[211,257,1604,1627]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">3.85</emphasis>
–3.99, width of abdomen 3.83–
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC89705FD875237FDF6B11E" box="[582,628,1604,1627]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">4.16</emphasis>
–4.34, width of hemielytra over embolia 3.99–
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC89705FE3F5217FDAFB13E" box="[510,557,1636,1659]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">4.10</emphasis>
–4.31.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="170BBF53FFC89705FF7452F0FDEBB1FE" blockId="6.[151,761,1475,2075]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC89705FF7452F0FEC3B1DE" bold="true" box="[181,321,1667,1691]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Colouration.</emphasis>
Castaneous, pronotum laterally and legs lighter, usually covered with mud and sand.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="170BBF53FFC89705FF7452B0FB91B1FE" blockId="6.[151,761,1475,2075]" lastBlockId="6.[828,1437,1188,2075]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC89705FF7452B0FEE5B19E" box="[181,359,1731,1755]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC89705FF7452B0FEA6B19E" bold="true" box="[181,292,1731,1755]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Structure.</emphasis>
Head
</emphasis>
. Front of head with apex concavely excavated, with a stout, short and blunt tubercle on either edge of the excavation. Lateral tubercles apparently absent, a small pointed tubercle in centre of frons and two low, blunt, distinct tubercles laterally on vertex. Ocelli absent.
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC89705FF565317FE81B03E" box="[151,259,1892,1915]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Pronotum</emphasis>
with a pair of strongly elevated submedian elevations accentuated by clavate bristles, anterior quarter of lateral margins convergent, virtually straight; posterior edges rounded, remainder of lateral margins parallel, straight. Width of pronotum subequal to width of abdomen in male, slightly less than width of abdomen in females. Posterior margin of pronotum sinuate, with a pair of short, submedian caudal projections.
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC89705FB5050B7FB78B39E" box="[1169,1274,1220,1243]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Scutellum</emphasis>
with a central elongate elevation beset with clavate bristles, basal width of scutellum about 1.5 times its median length.
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC89705FAE45177FA1EB25E" box="[1317,1436,1284,1307]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Hemielytra</emphasis>
fused, membranes reduced. Just behind pronotum midway between scutellum and lateral margin of embolium a small longitudinal elevation beset with clavate bristles, caudally from this halfway between posterior margin of pronotum and caudal tip of the hemielytron a more pronounced elevation also accentuated by clavate bristles. Embolium covering abdomen, its lateral margin rounded, hemielytra leaving a narrow strip of connexivum uncovered. Laterocaudal edges of abdominal segments rounded, accentuated by clavate bristles. Body dorsally sparsely beset with clavate bristles, more densely on the elevations.
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC89705FAEB5217FAE6B13E" box="[1322,1380,1636,1659]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Legs.</emphasis>
Fore trochanter with two blunt projections, fore femur anteriorly not strongly dilated.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="170BBF53FFC89705FC9B52B0FA1EB0FE" blockId="6.[828,1437,1188,2075]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC89705FC9B52B0FC1BB19E" bold="true" box="[858,921,1731,1755]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC89705FC9B52B0FC10B19E" bold="true" box="[858,914,1731,1755]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Male</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC89705FC6152B7FBDCB19E" box="[928,1118,1732,1755]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Abdominal venter</emphasis>
. Sternites II–IV symmetrical, V–VI only slightly asymmetrical, much less so than in other species of
<taxonomicName id="D0B4C4D0FFC89705FC665377FC78B05E" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1832" box="[935,1018,1796,1819]" class="Insecta" family="Gelastocoridae" genus="Nerthra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC89705FC665377FC78B05E" box="[935,1018,1796,1819]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Nerthra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, sternite VIII with posterolateral corners somewhat produced caudally; sternites VII–IX distinctly asymmetrical (
<figureCitation id="8F8FA3D6FFC89705FC1F5337FBB3B01E" box="[990,1073,1860,1883]" captionStart="Figs 24–27" captionStartId="7.[151,188,1879,1898]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,195,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-16@7.[151,1436,189,1859]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figs 24–27. Nerthra papaceki sp. nov., holotype, male. 24–26 – habitus: 24 – dorsal view (cleaned, genital capsule removed); 25 – habitus, ventral view (cleaned, genital capsule removed); 26 – dorsal view (before cleaning, genital capsule extended). 27 – genital capsule (ventral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11449790" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11449790/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC89705FB895337FB2FB01E" box="[1096,1197,1860,1883]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Genitalia</emphasis>
. Pygophore globular; left paramere reduced; right paramere (
<figureCitation id="8F8FA3D6FFC89705FB0D5317FAB8B03E" box="[1228,1338,1892,1915]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[828,859,2028,2047]" captionTargetBox="[851,1405,1503,2004]" captionTargetId="figure-838@9.[823,1441,1489,2015]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 30. Nerthra papaceki sp. nov., paramere and pygophore (a – ventral view, b – dorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11449797" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11449797/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Figs 30a,b</figureCitation>
) a simple rod with slightly curved apex, middle part of shaft slightly narrowing. (See also Differential diagnosis and discussion.)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="170BBF53FFC8970BFC9B53B0FEECB3A5" blockId="6.[828,1437,1188,2075]" lastBlockId="8.[151,760,1193,2080]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC89705FC9B53B0FC2FB09E" bold="true" box="[858,941,1987,2011]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="39">Female</emphasis>
abdominal sternites almost symmetrical, last sternite (VII) without tumescences, its median length only slightly shorter than that of all preceding segments together, its posterior margin straight, nearly covering the lobes of ovipositor (
<figureCitation id="8F8FA3D6FFC6970BFED350BAFEE0B3A5" box="[274,354,1225,1248]" captionStart="Figs 28–29" captionStartId="8.[150,187,1037,1056]" captionTargetBox="[188,1400,194,989]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[151,1436,189,1016]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 28–29. Nerthra papaceki sp. nov. paratype, female, habitus (28 – dorsal view, before cleaning; 29 – ventral view, cleaned)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11449792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11449792/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="43CBEFDBFFC99704FF565324FA84B0C0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11449790" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11449790" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11449790/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" startId="7.[151,188,1879,1898]" targetBox="[154,1436,195,1829]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="170BBF53FFC99704FF565324FA84B0C0" blockId="7.[151,1436,1879,1925]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">
Figs 24–27.
<taxonomicName id="D0B4C4D0FFC99704FEC15324FE14B02F" authority="Nieser &amp; Chen &amp; Caspers, 2024" authorityName="Nieser &amp; Chen &amp; Caspers" authorityYear="2024" box="[256,406,1879,1898]" class="Insecta" family="Gelastocoridae" genus="Nerthra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papaceki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC99704FEC15324FE14B02F" box="[256,406,1879,1898]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="40">Nerthra papaceki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3EF3DE3AFFC99704FE5B5324FE5CB02F" box="[410,478,1879,1898]" pageId="7" pageNumber="40" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, male. 24–26 – habitus: 24 – dorsal view (cleaned, genital capsule removed); 25 – habitus, ventral view (cleaned, genital capsule removed); 26 – dorsal view (before cleaning, genital capsule extended). 27 – genital capsule (ventral view).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="43CBEFDBFFC6970BFF57507EFB58B365" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11449792" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11449792" box="[150,1242,1037,1056]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11449792/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" startId="8.[150,187,1037,1056]" targetBox="[188,1400,194,989]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="170BBF53FFC6970BFF57507EFB58B365" blockId="8.[150,1242,1037,1056]" box="[150,1242,1037,1056]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">
Figs 28–29.
<taxonomicName id="D0B4C4D0FFC6970BFEC0507EFE15B365" authority="Nieser &amp; Chen &amp; Caspers, 2024" authorityName="Nieser &amp; Chen &amp; Caspers" authorityYear="2024" box="[257,407,1037,1056]" class="Insecta" family="Gelastocoridae" genus="Nerthra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papaceki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC6970BFEC0507EFE15B365" box="[257,407,1037,1056]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Nerthra papaceki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3EF3DE3AFFC6970BFE5C507EFE5DB365" box="[413,479,1037,1056]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
paratype, female, habitus (28 – dorsal view, before cleaning; 29 – ventral view, cleaned).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="5FAEECD8FFC6970AFF56509AFD7BB4B9" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="170BBF53FFC6970BFF56509AFE9DB2C5" blockId="8.[151,760,1193,2080]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC6970BFF56509AFE94B245" bold="true" box="[151,278,1257,1280]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Etymology.</emphasis>
Named in honor of the late Professor Dr.Miroslav Papáček (1953–2019) for his wide ranging contributions on biology. Notably the morphology and taxonomy of Gerromorpha and
<taxonomicName id="D0B4C4D0FFC6970BFE0D513AFDDFB225" box="[460,605,1353,1376]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" infraOrder="Nepomorpha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="8" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="infraOrder">Nepomorpha</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="7325C2A2FFC6970BFD5B513AFE91B2C5" author="DITRICH T. &amp; PETR J. &amp; LEPS J. S. &amp; KMENT P." pageId="8" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref8508" refString="DITRICH T., PETR J., LEPS J. S. &amp; KMENT P. 2020: In memoriam of Professor Miroslav Papacek (1953 - 2019): biography, memories, bibliography and list of described taxa. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 60 (1): 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="2020">DITRICH et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="170BBF53FFC6970BFF5651FAFD82B085" blockId="8.[151,760,1193,2080]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC6970BFF5651FAFE3CB2E5" bold="true" box="[151,446,1417,1440]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Habitat and distribution.</emphasis>
This species is known only from the Caribbean Islands
<collectingCountry id="6FA3FFC3FFC6970BFE7751DAFD88B285" box="[438,522,1449,1472]" name="Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Bonaire</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="6FA3FFC3FFC6970BFDFB51DAFD10B285" box="[570,658,1449,1472]" name="Curaçao" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Curaçao</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="8F8FA3D6FFC6970BFD5F51DAFD69B285" box="[670,747,1449,1472]" captionStart="Figs 38–39" captionStartId="12.[151,189,2029,2048]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,197,2004]" captionTargetId="figure-13@12.[151,1437,189,2010]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figs 38–39. Distribution of treated Nerthra species: 38 – N. americana (Montandon, 1905), N. buenoi Todd, 1955 and N. papaceki sp. nov.; 39 – N. occidua Todd, 1959." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11449805" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11449805/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
), where it apparently lives in mangroves. This species should be looked for in the mangroves of
<collectingCountry id="6FA3FFC3FFC6970BFE39519AFDBFB145" box="[504,573,1513,1536]" name="Aruba" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Aruba</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="6FA3FFC3FFC6970BFD87519AFD21B145" box="[582,675,1513,1536]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
, and the northern coast of South America. Apparently it burrows in mud because the
<typeStatus id="C80F01F1FFC6970BFEA6525AFE47B105" box="[359,453,1577,1600]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="8F8FA3D6FFC6970BFE13525AFD9DB105" box="[466,543,1577,1600]" captionStart="Figs 24–27" captionStartId="7.[151,188,1879,1898]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,195,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-16@7.[151,1436,189,1859]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figs 24–27. Nerthra papaceki sp. nov., holotype, male. 24–26 – habitus: 24 – dorsal view (cleaned, genital capsule removed); 25 – habitus, ventral view (cleaned, genital capsule removed); 26 – dorsal view (before cleaning, genital capsule extended). 27 – genital capsule (ventral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11449790" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11449790/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
) and
<typeStatus id="C80F01F1FFC6970BFD99525AFD3DB105" box="[600,703,1577,1600]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="8F8FA3D6FFC6970BFD0D525AFF31B125" captionStart="Figs 28–29" captionStartId="8.[150,187,1037,1056]" captionTargetBox="[188,1400,194,989]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[151,1436,189,1016]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 28–29. Nerthra papaceki sp. nov. paratype, female, habitus (28 – dorsal view, before cleaning; 29 – ventral view, cleaned)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11449792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11449792/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
) were covered by a layer of fine silt concealing its real colouration (
<figureCitation id="8F8FA3D6FFC6970BFEDF521AFE15B1C5" box="[286,407,1641,1664]" captionStart="Figs 24–27" captionStartId="7.[151,188,1879,1898]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,195,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-16@7.[151,1436,189,1859]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figs 24–27. Nerthra papaceki sp. nov., holotype, male. 24–26 – habitus: 24 – dorsal view (cleaned, genital capsule removed); 25 – habitus, ventral view (cleaned, genital capsule removed); 26 – dorsal view (before cleaning, genital capsule extended). 27 – genital capsule (ventral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11449790" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11449790/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Figs 24, 25</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8F8FA3D6FFC6970BFE61521AFE3CB1C5" box="[416,446,1641,1664]" captionStart="Figs 28–29" captionStartId="8.[150,187,1037,1056]" captionTargetBox="[188,1400,194,989]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[151,1436,189,1016]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 28–29. Nerthra papaceki sp. nov. paratype, female, habitus (28 – dorsal view, before cleaning; 29 – ventral view, cleaned)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11449792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11449792/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">29</figureCitation>
). Fused hemielytra have been suggested to enable a burrowing way of life (
<bibRefCitation id="7325C2A2FFC6970BFDAF52FAFD6EB1E5" author="TODD E. L." box="[622,748,1673,1696]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" pagination="277 - 475" refId="ref10253" refString="TODD E. L. 1955: A taxonomic revision of the family Gelastocoridae (Hemiptera). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 37: 277 - 475." type="journal article" year="1955">TODD 1955</bibRefCitation>
).
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC6970BFF5652DAFDD5B185" bold="true" box="[151,599,1705,1728]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Differential diagnosis and discussion.</emphasis>
The shape of right paramere of
<taxonomicName id="D0B4C4D0FFC6970BFE9E52BAFE60B1A5" authorityName="Nieser &amp; Chen &amp; Caspers" authorityYear="2024" box="[351,482,1737,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Gelastocoridae" genus="Nerthra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papaceki">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC6970BFE9E52BAFE60B1A5" box="[351,482,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">N. papaceki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="D0B4C4D0FFC6970BFF56529AFE4DB045" authority="(Signoret, 1864)" baseAuthorityName="Signoret" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[151,463,1769,1792]" class="Insecta" family="Gelastocoridae" genus="Nerthra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvula">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC6970BFF56529AFE8CB045" box="[151,270,1769,1792]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">N. parvula</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7325C2A2FFC6970BFEE1529AFE44B045" author="SIGNORET V." box="[288,454,1769,1792]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" pagination="541 - 588" refId="ref10051" refString="SIGNORET V. 1864: Revision des Hemipteres du Chili. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, Serie 4 3: 541 - 588." type="journal article" year="1864">Signoret, 1864</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="6FA3FFC3FFC6970BFDD9529AFDD4B045" box="[536,598,1769,1792]" name="Chile" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Chile</collectingCountry>
. However, the aedeagal furrow of
<taxonomicName id="D0B4C4D0FFC6970BFEB2537AFE74B065" authorityName="Nieser &amp; Chen &amp; Caspers" authorityYear="2024" box="[371,502,1801,1824]" class="Insecta" family="Gelastocoridae" genus="Nerthra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papaceki">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC6970BFEB2537AFE74B065" box="[371,502,1801,1824]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">N. papaceki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is entirely dorsal (
<figureCitation id="8F8FA3D6FFC6970BFD0D537AFF41B005" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[828,859,2028,2047]" captionTargetBox="[851,1405,1503,2004]" captionTargetId="figure-838@9.[823,1441,1489,2015]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 30. Nerthra papaceki sp. nov., paramere and pygophore (a – ventral view, b – dorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11449797" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11449797/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Fig. 30b</figureCitation>
), whereas in
<taxonomicName id="D0B4C4D0FFC6970BFE94535AFE4BB005" baseAuthorityName="Signoret" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[341,457,1833,1856]" class="Insecta" family="Gelastocoridae" genus="Nerthra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvula">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC6970BFE94535AFE4BB005" box="[341,457,1833,1856]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">N. parvula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it is visible in ventral view in the apical part of the right paramere. In addition,
<taxonomicName id="D0B4C4D0FFC6970BFD1E533AFF68B0C5" baseAuthorityName="Signoret" baseAuthorityYear="1864" class="Insecta" family="Gelastocoridae" genus="Nerthra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvula">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC6970BFD1E533AFF68B0C5" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">N. parvula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is larger, with the body length of males
<quantity id="D04C12B6FFC6970BFD66531AFF43B0E5" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.949999999999999" metricValueMax="6.1" metricValueMin="5.8" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="5.949999999999999" valueMax="6.1" valueMin="5.8">5.8–6.1 mm</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7325C2A2FFC6970BFF1053FAFED0B0E5" author="TODD E. L." box="[209,338,1929,1952]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" pagination="277 - 475" refId="ref10253" refString="TODD E. L. 1955: A taxonomic revision of the family Gelastocoridae (Hemiptera). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 37: 277 - 475." type="journal article" year="1955">TODD 1955</bibRefCitation>
), and the hemielytra are not fused and have well-developed membranes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="170BBF53FFC6970BFF7453BAFADEB085" blockId="8.[151,760,1193,2080]" lastBlockId="8.[828,1437,1193,2080]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">
This species does not run well with the key of
<bibRefCitation id="7325C2A2FFC6970BFD7B53BAFF60BF45" author="TODD E. L." pageId="8" pageNumber="41" pagination="277 - 475" refId="ref10253" refString="TODD E. L. 1955: A taxonomic revision of the family Gelastocoridae (Hemiptera). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 37: 277 - 475." type="journal article" year="1955">TODD (1955)</bibRefCitation>
. It runs either to
<taxonomicName id="D0B4C4D0FFC6970BFE6B539AFDC2BF45" baseAuthorityName="Montandon" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[426,576,2025,2048]" class="Insecta" family="Gelastocoridae" genus="Nerthra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC6970BFE6B539AFDC2BF45" box="[426,576,2025,2048]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">N. americana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or to
<taxonomicName id="D0B4C4D0FFC6970BFD4B539AFEE2BF65" authority="(Desjardins, 1837)" baseAuthorityName="Desjardins" baseAuthorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" family="Gelastocoridae" genus="Nerthra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugosa">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC6970BFD4B539AFD7ABF45" box="[650,760,2025,2048]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">N. rugosa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7325C2A2FFC6970BFF5F5C7AFEDABF65" author="DESJARDINS J." box="[158,344,2057,2080]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" pagination="239 - 242" refId="ref8476" refString="DESJARDINS J. 1837: Note sur un insect nouveau faisant partie de la faune de l'ile Maurice. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 6: 239 - 242." type="journal article" year="1837">Desjardins, 1837</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, but only the latter is closely related to
<taxonomicName id="D0B4C4D0FFC6970BFCFD50DAFC3FB385" authorityName="Nieser &amp; Chen &amp; Caspers" authorityYear="2024" box="[828,957,1193,1216]" class="Insecta" family="Gelastocoridae" genus="Nerthra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papaceki">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC6970BFCFD50DAFC3FB385" box="[828,957,1193,1216]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">N. papaceki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Males of
<taxonomicName id="D0B4C4D0FFC6970BFBF350DAFB44B385" baseAuthorityName="Montandon" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[1074,1222,1193,1216]" class="Insecta" family="Gelastocoridae" genus="Nerthra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC6970BFBF350DAFB44B385" box="[1074,1222,1193,1216]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">N. americana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have a large dorsolateral projection on the paramere (
<figureCitation id="8F8FA3D6FFC6970BFB1150BAFAA6B3A5" box="[1232,1316,1225,1248]" captionStart="Figs 15–18" captionStartId="5.[151,188,2034,2053]" captionTargetBox="[316,1272,1270,1997]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[293,1295,1249,2002]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 15–18. Nerthra spp., apex of paramere, ventral view: 15 – N. americana (Montandon, 1905); 16 – N. buenoi Todd, 1955; 17 – N. occidua Todd, 1959; 18 – N. raptoria (Fabricius, 1803)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11449780" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11449780/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
), which is lacking in
<taxonomicName id="D0B4C4D0FFC6970BFC6C509AFBAFB245" authorityName="Nieser &amp; Chen &amp; Caspers" authorityYear="2024" box="[941,1069,1257,1280]" class="Insecta" family="Gelastocoridae" genus="Nerthra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papaceki">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC6970BFC6C509AFBAFB245" box="[941,1069,1257,1280]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">N. papaceki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="8F8FA3D6FFC6970BFBFD509AFB0EB245" box="[1084,1164,1257,1280]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[828,859,2028,2047]" captionTargetBox="[851,1405,1503,2004]" captionTargetId="figure-838@9.[823,1441,1489,2015]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 30. Nerthra papaceki sp. nov., paramere and pygophore (a – ventral view, b – dorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11449797" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11449797/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
). Females of
<taxonomicName id="D0B4C4D0FFC6970BFADD509AFCD5B265" baseAuthorityName="Montandon" baseAuthorityYear="1905" class="Insecta" family="Gelastocoridae" genus="Nerthra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC6970BFADD509AFCD5B265" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">N. americana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have the caudal margin of the last abdominal sternite deeply incised, leaving the large asymmetrical lobes of the ovipositor uncovered (
<figureCitation id="8F8FA3D6FFC6970BFBED513AFBEFB225" box="[1068,1133,1353,1376]" captionStart="Figs 1–4" captionStartId="4.[151,187,1415,1434]" captionTargetBox="[287,1302,182,1390]" captionTargetId="figure-13@4.[275,1315,164,1401]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 1–4. Habitus of Nerthra americana (Montandon,1905):1–2 – male (1 – dorsal view, 2 – ventral view); 3–4 – female (3 – dorsal view, 4 –ventral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11449765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11449765/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
), whereas the caudal margin of the last abdominal sternite of females of
<taxonomicName id="D0B4C4D0FFC6970BFADA511AFA1EB2C5" authorityName="Nieser &amp; Chen &amp; Caspers" authorityYear="2024" box="[1307,1436,1385,1408]" class="Insecta" family="Gelastocoridae" genus="Nerthra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papaceki">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC6970BFADA511AFA1EB2C5" box="[1307,1436,1385,1408]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">N. papaceki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is straight, almost covering the ovipositor lobes (
<figureCitation id="8F8FA3D6FFC6970BFAB151FAFCD8B285" captionStart="Figs 28–29" captionStartId="8.[150,187,1037,1056]" captionTargetBox="[188,1400,194,989]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[151,1436,189,1016]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 28–29. Nerthra papaceki sp. nov. paratype, female, habitus (28 – dorsal view, before cleaning; 29 – ventral view, cleaned)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11449792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11449792/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
). Alternatively, it could run to
<taxonomicName id="D0B4C4D0FFC6970BFB6F51DAFA9BB285" baseAuthorityName="Desjardins" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[1198,1305,1449,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Gelastocoridae" genus="Nerthra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugosa">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC6970BFB6F51DAFA9BB285" box="[1198,1305,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">N. rugosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which was described from
<collectingCountry id="6FA3FFC3FFC6970BFC2351BAFBC8B2A5" box="[994,1098,1481,1504]" name="Mauritius" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
but also recorded from
<collectingCountry id="6FA3FFC3FFC6970BFA8651BAFA1EB2A5" box="[1351,1436,1481,1504]" name="Panama" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Panamá</collectingCountry>
(Pearl Islands, on the Pacific side,
<bibRefCitation id="7325C2A2FFC6970BFB5A519AFA91B145" author="TODD E. L." box="[1179,1299,1513,1536]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" pagination="277 - 475" refId="ref10253" refString="TODD E. L. 1955: A taxonomic revision of the family Gelastocoridae (Hemiptera). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 37: 277 - 475." type="journal article" year="1955">TODD 1955</bibRefCitation>
) and
<collectingRegion id="D57071B1FFC6970BFA8B519AFA1BB145" box="[1354,1433,1513,1536]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Florida</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="6FA3FFC3FFC6970BFCFD527AFC04B165" box="[828,902,1545,1568]" name="United States of America" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
Additional records from
<collectingCountry id="6FA3FFC3FFC6970BFB50527AFB5AB165" box="[1169,1240,1545,1568]" name="Belize" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Belize</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="6FA3FFC3FFC6970BFB23527AFAAAB165" box="[1250,1320,1545,1568]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Brazil</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="D57071B1FFC6970BFAF0527AFA1EB165" box="[1329,1436,1545,1568]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingCountry id="6FA3FFC3FFC6970BFCA7525AFC27B105" box="[870,933,1577,1600]" name="Egypt" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Egypt</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7325C2A2FFC6970BFC73525AFBDEB105" author="POLHEMUS J. T." box="[946,1116,1577,1600]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" pagination="23 - 25" refId="ref9713" refString="POLHEMUS J. T. 1995: Family Gelastocoridae Kirkaldy, 1897 - toad bugs. Pp. 23 - 25. In: AUKEMA B. &amp; RIEGER CH. (eds.): Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region. Vol. 1, Enicocephalomorpha, Dipsocoromorpha, Nepomorpha, Gerromorpha and Leptopodomorpha. The Netherlands Entomological Society, Amsterdam, xxvi + 222 pp." type="book chapter" year="1995">POLHEMUS 1995</bibRefCitation>
) suggest a possible pantropical distribution. There is also a doubtful record from ʻN.G. Nat. Ver.N. Holl.’ which
<bibRefCitation id="7325C2A2FFC6970BFB9B521AFB78B1C5" author="TODD E. L." box="[1114,1274,1641,1664]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" pagination="145 - 162" refId="ref10317" refString="TODD E. L. 1957 b: Five new species of Gelastocoridae with comments on other species (Hemiptera). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 50: 145 - 162." type="journal article" year="1957">TODD (1957b)</bibRefCitation>
interpreted as
<collectingCountry id="6FA3FFC3FFC6970BFCFD52FAFC23B1E5" box="[828,929,1673,1696]" name="Australia" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Australia</collectingCountry>
.
<bibRefCitation id="7325C2A2FFC6970BFC6852FAFBB1B1E5" author="TODD E. L." box="[937,1075,1673,1696]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" pagination="61 - 94" refId="ref10352" refString="TODD E. L. 1959: The Gelastocoridae of Melanesia (Hemiptera). Nova Guinea (N. S.) 10: 61 - 94." type="journal article" year="1959">TODD (1959)</bibRefCitation>
wrote that it is not known whether ʻN. G.’ referred to New
<collectingCountry id="6FA3FFC3FFC6970BFBF452DAFB00B185" box="[1077,1154,1705,1728]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Guinea</collectingCountry>
or ʻN. Holl.’ refers to
<collectingCountry id="6FA3FFC3FFC6970BFAAB52DAFC17B1A5" name="Australia" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">New Holland</collectingCountry>
, an old name for
<collectingCountry id="6FA3FFC3FFC6970BFB8F52BAFB36B1A5" box="[1102,1204,1737,1760]" name="Australia" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Australia</collectingCountry>
. However,
<bibRefCitation id="7325C2A2FFC6970BFAEA52BAFC5CB045" author="ANDERSEN N. M. &amp; WEIR T. A." pageId="8" pageNumber="41" refId="ref7890" refString="ANDERSEN N. M. &amp; WEIR T. A. 2004: Australian water bugs. Their biology and identification (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha &amp; Nepomorpha). Entomograph Vol. 14. Apollo Books, Stenstrup &amp; CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, 344 pp." type="book" year="2004">ANDERSEN &amp; WEIR (2004)</bibRefCitation>
did not mention this species in their book on Australian water bugs, so apparently there are no other records of this species from
<collectingCountry id="6FA3FFC3FFC6970BFBAF535AFB56B005" box="[1134,1236,1833,1856]" name="Australia" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Australia</collectingCountry>
.
<taxonomicName id="D0B4C4D0FFC6970BFB1E535AFA1EB005" authorityName="Nieser &amp; Chen &amp; Caspers" authorityYear="2024" box="[1247,1436,1833,1856]" class="Insecta" family="Gelastocoridae" genus="Nerthra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papaceki">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC6970BFB1E535AFA1EB005" box="[1247,1436,1833,1856]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Nerthra papaceki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC6970BFC7F533AFBAFB025" box="[958,1069,1865,1888]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName id="D0B4C4D0FFC6970BFC7F533AFBABB025" baseAuthorityName="Desjardins" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[958,1065,1865,1888]" class="Insecta" family="Gelastocoridae" genus="Nerthra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugosa">N. rugosa</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="8F8FA3D6FFC6970BFBFB533AFB37B025" box="[1082,1205,1865,1888]" captionStart="Figs 28–29" captionStartId="8.[150,187,1037,1056]" captionTargetBox="[188,1400,194,989]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[151,1436,189,1016]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 28–29. Nerthra papaceki sp. nov. paratype, female, habitus (28 – dorsal view, before cleaning; 29 – ventral view, cleaned)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11449792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11449792/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Figs 28, 29</figureCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7325C2A2FFC6970BFB7F533AFAF2B025" author="TODD E. L." box="[1214,1392,1865,1888]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" pagination="277 - 475" refId="ref10253" refString="TODD E. L. 1955: A taxonomic revision of the family Gelastocoridae (Hemiptera). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 37: 277 - 475." type="journal article" year="1955">TODD 1955: 471</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 121). The lateral margins of the pronotum are straight in
<taxonomicName id="D0B4C4D0FFC6970BFCFD53FAFC4BB0E5" box="[828,969,1929,1952]" class="Insecta" family="Gelastocoridae" genus="Nerthra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papacecki">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC6970BFCFD53FAFC4BB0E5" box="[828,969,1929,1952]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">N. papacecki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and somewhat convex in
<taxonomicName id="D0B4C4D0FFC6970BFB2953FAFAD1B0E5" baseAuthorityName="Desjardins" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[1256,1363,1929,1952]" class="Insecta" family="Gelastocoridae" genus="Nerthra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugosa">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC6970BFB2953FAFAD1B0E5" box="[1256,1363,1929,1952]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">N. rugosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. More differences between these species are given below.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="170BBF53FFC6970AFC9B53BAFEF3B5B9" blockId="8.[828,1437,1193,2080]" lastBlockId="9.[151,761,677,1020]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">
Please note that
<taxonomicName id="D0B4C4D0FFC6970BFBC953BAFB05B0A5" authority="Nieser &amp; Chen &amp; Caspers, 2024" authorityName="Nieser &amp; Chen &amp; Caspers" authorityYear="2024" box="[1032,1159,1993,2016]" class="Insecta" family="Gelastocoridae" genus="Nerthra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papaceki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC6970BFBC953BAFB05B0A5" box="[1032,1159,1993,2016]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">N. papaceki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3EF3DE3AFFC6970BFB4C53BAFB62B0A5" box="[1165,1248,1993,2016]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is based on a single male and
<specimenCount id="01B274DAFFC6970BFC0D539AFBD5BF45" box="[972,1111,2025,2048]" count="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" type="female">four females</specimenCount>
. So far, no males of
<taxonomicName id="D0B4C4D0FFC6970BFAF3539AFA1EBF45" baseAuthorityName="Desjardins" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[1330,1436,2025,2048]" class="Insecta" family="Gelastocoridae" genus="Nerthra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugosa">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC6970BFAF3539AFA1EBF45" box="[1330,1436,2025,2048]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">N. rugosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been reported.
<bibRefCitation id="7325C2A2FFC6970BFBCF5C7AFB4EBF65" author="TODD E. L." box="[1038,1228,2057,2080]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" pagination="277 - 475" refId="ref10253" refString="TODD E. L. 1955: A taxonomic revision of the family Gelastocoridae (Hemiptera). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 37: 277 - 475." type="journal article" year="1955">TODD (1955: 470)</bibRefCitation>
gave the so far only illustration showing the outline of the female of
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC7970AFD4B56D6FD7AB5F9" box="[650,760,677,700]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
<taxonomicName id="D0B4C4D0FFC7970AFD4B56D6FD76B5F9" baseAuthorityName="Desjardins" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[650,756,677,700]" class="Insecta" family="Gelastocoridae" genus="Nerthra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugosa">N. rugosa</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The differences between the females of these two species are listed in
<tableCitation id="5A368AE8FFC7970AFEDA5696FEE9B5B9" box="[283,363,741,764]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="9.[265,312,190,209]" captionText="Table 1. Differeces between the females of Nerthra rugosa (Desjardins, 1837) and Nerthra papaceki sp. nov." pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="43CBEFDBFFC7970AFEC854CDFB28B794" box="[265,1194,190,209]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" startId="9.[265,312,190,209]" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="170BBF53FFC7970AFEC854CDFB28B794" blockId="9.[265,1194,190,209]" box="[265,1194,190,209]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
Table 1. Differeces between the females of
<taxonomicName id="D0B4C4D0FFC7970AFDBB54CDFC20B794" authority="(Desjardins, 1837)" baseAuthorityName="Desjardins" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[634,930,190,209]" class="Insecta" family="Gelastocoridae" genus="Nerthra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugosa">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC7970AFDBB54CDFD7CB794" box="[634,766,190,209]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Nerthra rugosa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7325C2A2FFC7970AFCC854CDFC1FB794" author="DESJARDINS J." box="[777,925,190,209]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" pagination="239 - 242" refId="ref8476" refString="DESJARDINS J. 1837: Note sur un insect nouveau faisant partie de la faune de l'ile Maurice. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 6: 239 - 242." type="journal article" year="1837">Desjardins, 1837</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D0B4C4D0FFC7970AFC0D54CDFBE0B794" authority="Nieser &amp; Chen &amp; Caspers, 2024" authorityName="Nieser &amp; Chen &amp; Caspers" authorityYear="2024" box="[972,1122,190,209]" class="Insecta" family="Gelastocoridae" genus="Nerthra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papaceki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC7970AFC0D54CDFBE0B794" box="[972,1122,190,209]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Nerthra papaceki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3EF3DE3AFFC7970AFBA654CDFB28B794" box="[1127,1194,190,209]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="170BBF53FFC7970AFE555498FB10B57A" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
<table id="65B44DF3FFC768FCFED05499FAA6B57A" box="[273,1316,234,575]" gridcols="3" gridrows="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
<tr id="A984BD11FFC768FCFED05499FAA6B7BB" box="[273,1316,234,254]" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
<th id="EA55D46DFFC768FCFED05499FDD7B7BB" box="[273,597,234,254]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC7970AFE555498FE78B7BB" bold="true" box="[404,506,235,254]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Characters</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="EA55D46DFFC768FCFD4A5499FCF3B7BB" box="[651,881,234,254]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
<taxonomicName id="D0B4C4D0FFC7970AFD2B5499FCF3B7BB" baseAuthorityName="Desjardins" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[746,881,234,254]" class="Insecta" family="Gelastocoridae" genus="Nerthra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugosa">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC7970AFD2B5499FCF3B7BB" bold="true" box="[746,881,234,254]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Nerthra rugosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="EA55D46DFFC768FCFC1E5499FAA6B7BB" box="[991,1316,234,254]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
<taxonomicName id="D0B4C4D0FFC7970AFBF45499FB4CB7B8" authority="Body" authorityName="Body" box="[1077,1230,234,253]" class="Insecta" family="Gelastocoridae" genus="Nerthra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papaceki">
<emphasis id="25C06341FFC7970AFBF45499FB4CB7B8" bold="true" box="[1077,1230,234,253]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Nerthra papaceki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="A984BD11FFC768FCFED05562FAA6B661" box="[273,1316,273,292]" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
<th id="EA55D46DFFC768FCFED05562FDD7B661" box="[273,597,273,292]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Body length</th>
<td id="EA55D46DFFC768FCFD4A5562FCF3B661" box="[651,881,273,292]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">6.00‒7.10 mm</td>
<td id="EA55D46DFFC768FCFC1E5562FAA6B661" box="[991,1316,273,292]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">5.77‒5.96 mm</td>
</tr>
<tr id="A984BD11FFC768FCFED05544FAA6B60F" box="[273,1316,311,330]" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
<th id="EA55D46DFFC768FCFED05544FDD7B60F" box="[273,597,311,330]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Excavation in anterior margin of head</th>
<td id="EA55D46DFFC768FCFD4A5544FCF3B60F" box="[651,881,311,330]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">missing</td>
<td id="EA55D46DFFC768FCFC1E5544FAA6B60F" box="[991,1316,311,330]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">developed</td>
</tr>
<tr id="A984BD11FFC768FCFED0552AFAA6B6C3" box="[273,1316,345,390]" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
<th id="EA55D46DFFC768FCFED0552AFDD7B6C3" box="[273,597,345,390]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Posterior edge of pronotum</th>
<td id="EA55D46DFFC768FCFD4A552AFCF3B6C3" box="[651,881,345,390]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">produced backwards</td>
<td id="EA55D46DFFC768FCFC1E552AFAA6B6C3" box="[991,1316,345,390]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">rounded, at the same level as posterior margin</td>
</tr>
<tr id="A984BD11FFC768FCFED055E6FAA6B6ED" box="[273,1316,405,424]" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
<th id="EA55D46DFFC768FCFED055E6FDD7B6ED" box="[273,597,405,424]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Embolium</th>
<td id="EA55D46DFFC768FCFD4A55E6FCF3B6ED" box="[651,881,405,424]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">more or less straight</td>
<td id="EA55D46DFFC768FCFC1E55E6FAA6B6ED" box="[991,1316,405,424]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">rounded and convexly curved</td>
</tr>
<tr id="A984BD11FFC768FCFED055C8FAA6B68B" box="[273,1316,443,462]" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
<th id="EA55D46DFFC768FCFED055C8FDD7B68B" box="[273,597,443,462]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Width of pronotum</th>
<td id="EA55D46DFFC768FCFD4A55C8FCF3B68B" box="[651,881,443,462]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">4.10‒5.00 mm</td>
<td id="EA55D46DFFC768FCFC1E55C8FAA6B68B" box="[991,1316,443,462]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">3.70‒3.99 mm</td>
</tr>
<tr id="A984BD11FFC768FCFED05592FAA6B6B1" box="[273,1316,481,500]" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
<th id="EA55D46DFFC768FCFED05592FDD7B6B1" box="[273,597,481,500]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Width of abdomen</th>
<td id="EA55D46DFFC768FCFD4A5592FCF3B6B1" box="[651,881,481,500]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">4.20‒5.10 mm</td>
<td id="EA55D46DFFC768FCFC1E5592FAA6B6B1" box="[991,1316,481,500]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">3.83‒4.34 mm</td>
</tr>
<tr id="A984BD11FFC768FCFED05674FAA6B55F" box="[273,1316,519,538]" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
<th id="EA55D46DFFC768FCFED05674FDD7B55F" box="[273,597,519,538]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Width of hemielytra across embolium</th>
<td id="EA55D46DFFC768FCFD4A5674FCF3B55F" box="[651,881,519,538]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">unknown</td>
<td id="EA55D46DFFC768FCFC1E5674FAA6B55F" box="[991,1316,519,538]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">3.99‒4.31 mm</td>
</tr>
<tr id="A984BD11FFC768FCFED0565FFAA6B57A" box="[273,1316,556,575]" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
<th id="EA55D46DFFC768FCFED0565FFDD7B57A" box="[273,597,556,575]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Apex of hemielytra</th>
<td id="EA55D46DFFC768FCFD4A565FFCF3B57A" box="[651,881,556,575]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">slightly pointed</td>
<td id="EA55D46DFFC768FCFC1E565FFAA6B57A" box="[991,1316,556,575]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">more or less truncate</td>
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The presence or absence of an excavation in the anterior margin of the head is considered an important differential character in this genus (
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); the remaining differences between the females of
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<emphasis id="25C06341FFC7970AFE1C5716FDC4B439" box="[477,582,869,892]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">N. rugosa</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis id="25C06341FFC7970AFDB85716FD75B439" box="[633,759,869,892]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">N. papaceki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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further support that
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<emphasis id="25C06341FFC7970AFE7F57F6FDBEB4D9" box="[446,572,901,924]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">N. papaceki</emphasis>
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is an undescribed taxon. More material, specifically males and specimens from
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,
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, and Florida of
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is needed to further define the boundaries of variability of both species.
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Genus:
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<paragraph id="0A841C195C53F047A7989AFD496DB99F" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Description.</paragraph>
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In Borneo,
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consists of relatively large
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with four dilated male protarsomeres, distinguishable from
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by the ventral spines of the protibiae being aligned along the latero-external row of equal spines, making a second, more widely spaced row next to the external one, as well as by the metaventral sutures, which are roughly parallel to the axis of the body. Also, in the female, the gonocoxites are elongated, whereas in most
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, they are reduced.
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With
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Perreau (see below),
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Portevin makes up the vast majority of the Borneo cholevine diversity. We currently recognise 14 species. However, more diversity is to be expected, both cryptic (e.g., DNA-analysis suggests additional diversity in
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and related species;
<bibRefCitation id="84D33F72D9F877375548453B4ECE044F" author="Merckx, VSFT" journalOrPublisher="Nature" pageId="36" pageNumber="93" pagination="347 - 350" title="Evolution of endemism on a young tropical mountain." url="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14949" volume="524" year="2015">Merckx et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
) and non-cryptic (each field project in previously unexplored regions in Borneo results in new discoveries).
</paragraph>
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<materialsCitation id="8DD2D51B74334119810C2790170F2D7B" collectingDate="2023-01-01" collectingDateMax="2023-12-31" collectingDateMin="2023-01-01" collectorName="Sha Luan" country="China" county="Occurrence" determinerName="Sha Luan" latitude="27.737108" location="Taxon" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="100.81798" municipality="Sha Luan" pageId="0" pageNumber="109477" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Yunnan Province" typeStatus="Holotype">
<emphasis id="07FC8839EFB0659F2E2C575F91411FFB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109477">Type status:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="0B40FC3270CBB6CF1FA34038552704F3" collectingDate="2023-01-01" collectingDateMax="2023-12-31" collectingDateMin="2023-01-01" collectorName="Sha Luan" country="China" county="Occurrence" determinerName="Sha Luan" latitude="27.737108" location="Taxon" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="100.81798" municipality="Sha Luan" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Yunnan Province" typeStatus="Holotype">
<typeStatus id="B61DBFE3E20296B9E98C72A5602DC5AE" pageId="0" pageNumber="109477">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
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<collectingCounty id="09A0D503B28135D92599A6A92D269821">Occurrence</collectingCounty>
:
</emphasis>
recordedBy:
<collectorName id="F2A6E39F7A4016493CA3B999EFDC0476" pageId="0" pageNumber="109477">
<collectingMunicipality id="93EB9DC26E7305E2FC80B4F669845053">Sha Luan</collectingMunicipality>
</collectorName>
; occurrenceID:
<uuid id="1226A62349775344B1BA3B60C8A13F5D">B75E1EC7-0546-585A-A29A-1577106D0D0B</uuid>
;
<emphasis id="6071B5586369683EFB636F91216E15B2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109477">
<location id="22A00026F307BB7F2BFE9C95C6642596" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9F1D77ED7BB05D43AB8A9C67661B876B:22A00026F307BB7F2BFE9C95C6642596" country="China" county="Occurrence" latitude="27.737108" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="100.81798" municipality="Sha Luan" name="Taxon" stateProvince="Yunnan Province">Taxon</location>
:
</emphasis>
scientificName:
<location id="2968C01B6053909829EDCE8E7B8710B0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9F1D77ED7BB05D43AB8A9C67661B876B:2968C01B6053909829EDCE8E7B8710B0" country="China" county="Occurrence" latitude="27.737108" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="100.81798" municipality="Sha Luan" name="Torula" stateProvince="Yunnan Province">Torula</location>
luguhuensis; kingdom: fungi; phylum:
<location id="9E4010C4B75A5715258ADEFBB2C1AC4C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9F1D77ED7BB05D43AB8A9C67661B876B:9E4010C4B75A5715258ADEFBB2C1AC4C" country="China" county="Occurrence" latitude="27.737108" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="100.81798" municipality="Sha Luan" name="Ascomycota" stateProvince="Yunnan Province">Ascomycota</location>
; class:
<location id="4CE2AFF4C154CD77CC554FDBBA0FCCF0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9F1D77ED7BB05D43AB8A9C67661B876B:4CE2AFF4C154CD77CC554FDBBA0FCCF0" country="China" county="Occurrence" latitude="27.737108" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="100.81798" municipality="Sha Luan" name="Dothideomycetes" stateProvince="Yunnan Province">Dothideomycetes</location>
; order:
<location id="D962A788BF54B2A0BDEBE6A497DB8260" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9F1D77ED7BB05D43AB8A9C67661B876B:D962A788BF54B2A0BDEBE6A497DB8260" country="China" county="Occurrence" latitude="27.737108" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="100.81798" municipality="Sha Luan" name="Pleosporales" stateProvince="Yunnan Province">Pleosporales</location>
; family:
<location id="B45C9E0C1A16A2C0F19EDED92094505F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9F1D77ED7BB05D43AB8A9C67661B876B:B45C9E0C1A16A2C0F19EDED92094505F" country="China" county="Occurrence" latitude="27.737108" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="100.81798" municipality="Sha Luan" name="Torulaceae" stateProvince="Yunnan Province">Torulaceae</location>
; genus:
<location id="B469585D3D1BD9F695CC484A941D6317" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9F1D77ED7BB05D43AB8A9C67661B876B:B469585D3D1BD9F695CC484A941D6317" country="China" county="Occurrence" latitude="27.737108" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="100.81798" municipality="Sha Luan" name="Torula" stateProvince="Yunnan Province">Torula</location>
;
<emphasis id="2383C8E7E19372BE428DDEAC6B292D57" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109477">
<location id="91ADFE31935A030ECE3F93B708C6F1A0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9F1D77ED7BB05D43AB8A9C67661B876B:91ADFE31935A030ECE3F93B708C6F1A0" country="China" county="Occurrence" latitude="27.737108" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="100.81798" municipality="Sha Luan" name="Location" stateProvince="Yunnan Province">Location</location>
:
</emphasis>
waterBody:
<location id="21B9DBB83F293B6A2C1DBCE680C0E766" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9F1D77ED7BB05D43AB8A9C67661B876B:21B9DBB83F293B6A2C1DBCE680C0E766" country="China" county="Occurrence" latitude="27.737108" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="100.81798" municipality="Sha Luan" name="Luguhu Lake" stateProvince="Yunnan Province">Luguhu Lake</location>
; locationRemarks:
<collectingCountry id="68951994D823943D5547D01C82377351" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="062406B5AA82CB121D2CB99333FCE8BA" country="China" name="Yunnan">Yunnan Province</collectingRegion>
, submerged decaying wood in
<location id="EB0FBAC3A2266F14C72AA58C764B4B6D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9F1D77ED7BB05D43AB8A9C67661B876B:EB0FBAC3A2266F14C72AA58C764B4B6D" country="China" county="Occurrence" latitude="27.737108" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="100.81798" municipality="Sha Luan" name="Luguhu Lake" stateProvince="Yunnan Province">Luguhu Lake</location>
; verbatimLatitude:
<geoCoordinate id="A67F893B6E0BA29F478F82B0BC30537C" degrees="27" direction="north" minutes="44" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="13.59" value="27.737108">27°44′13.59″N</geoCoordinate>
; verbatimLongitude:
<geoCoordinate id="6000D4AEFDBF58FA1D28D0CC56EA62AC" degrees="100" direction="east" minutes="49" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="04.72" value="100.81798">100°49′04.72″E</geoCoordinate>
;
<emphasis id="91FB037765D42B8C46B900C2B7205253" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109477">Identification:</emphasis>
identifiedBy:
<determinerName id="9CAFB9E3A6413B32B7A0A4DB847AE6C9" pageId="0" pageNumber="109477">Sha Luan</determinerName>
;
<emphasis id="6AF6F5F42C2E78AF6675465D96EE8FF5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109477">Event:</emphasis>
habitat: freshwater, submerged decaying wood;
<emphasis id="C3F139B70BC0B18D99B222D5A13ECCC3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109477">Record Level:</emphasis>
collectionID: LGH H 6-43-1; collectionCode: L335
</materialsCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3C116F0C13899F368C4A8660BA7003DF" pageId="0" pageNumber="109477" type="description">
<paragraph id="090B9FCF298EB125AE3D4E8344A3231E" pageId="0" pageNumber="109477">Description</paragraph>
<paragraph id="042F95F81A3A10ACE80868CED06AAD8D" pageId="0" pageNumber="109477">
Saprobic on submerged decaying wood (Fig.
<figureCitation id="632B93AAC2147C34155EDEE15EF0B02B" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F9996092" captionText="Figure 1. Torula luguhuensis (KUN-HKAS 124588, holotype). a Colonies on decaying wood; b, c Conidiophores with conidia; d-l Conidia; m Germinating conidium; n, o Colonies on PDA from surface and reverse. Scale bars: b-g 20 μm, h-m 10 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.11.e109477.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/872614" pageId="0" pageNumber="109477">1</figureCitation>
a).
<emphasis id="AD8280784EC83C624AD12BD6433B9D18" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109477">Sexual morph</emphasis>
: Undetermined.
<emphasis id="2B8CC12BF972B913D61BE84972DB2DF8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109477">Asexual morph</emphasis>
: Colonies effuse on nature substrate, scattered, velutinous, dark brown to black. Mycelium immersed to superficial, composed of hyaline, becoming brown closer to fertile region, septate, branched hyphae. Conidiophores semi-macronematous mononematous, erect, septate, smooth, slightly flexuous, pale brown (Fig.
<figureCitation id="F0A5C930645FE2BB159DE46E3DAF96CE" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F9996092" captionText="Figure 1. Torula luguhuensis (KUN-HKAS 124588, holotype). a Colonies on decaying wood; b, c Conidiophores with conidia; d-l Conidia; m Germinating conidium; n, o Colonies on PDA from surface and reverse. Scale bars: b-g 20 μm, h-m 10 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.11.e109477.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/872614" pageId="0" pageNumber="109477">1</figureCitation>
b and c). Conidiogenous cells holoblastic, mono- to polyblastic, integrated, terminal, terminal or intercalary in conidial chains, doliiform, pale brown. Conidia in branched chains, dry, acrogenous, straight or slightly curved, more or less cylindrical, dark brown to blackish, pale brown or subhyaline at apex, 1-3 septate, strongly constricted at the septa, verruculose or finely echinulate, rounded at both ends, easily separating, 12-18
<normalizedToken id="B39FC5092AE01B3931BEF95E6E611CEC" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(= 15
<normalizedToken id="524AE1CB2DBB656E6402B0D77BD0F9D7" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, SD = 3, n = 60) long, 6-8
<normalizedToken id="C8313A872A1542960AC08FF5BFFD02FC" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(= 7
<normalizedToken id="633A1FC4A3A6FF97C431CDD10641664C" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, SD = 1, n = 60) wide (Fig.
<figureCitation id="0B9896D521E13FC718C2AB395673AF83" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F9996092" captionText="Figure 1. Torula luguhuensis (KUN-HKAS 124588, holotype). a Colonies on decaying wood; b, c Conidiophores with conidia; d-l Conidia; m Germinating conidium; n, o Colonies on PDA from surface and reverse. Scale bars: b-g 20 μm, h-m 10 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.11.e109477.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/872614" pageId="0" pageNumber="109477">1</figureCitation>
d-m).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="87E519EB616824E4837C955291E2E713" pageId="0" pageNumber="109477" type="culture characteristics">
<paragraph id="E3B824A67B47D9507C5FF6C7F16671B9" pageId="0" pageNumber="109477">Culture characteristics</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7FB4EEC4F6CFAA93220B9E9B65B6497F" pageId="0" pageNumber="109477">
Conidia germinating on PDA within 12 hours and germ tubes produced from the apex. Colonies growing on PDA, reaching 10 cm in 15 days at 24℃, mycelium partly superficial, partly immersed, hairy, with regular edge, maroon to yellowish-brown (Fig.
<figureCitation id="56DA6355B1A43D3F21E1D3C734D84709" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F9996092" captionText="Figure 1. Torula luguhuensis (KUN-HKAS 124588, holotype). a Colonies on decaying wood; b, c Conidiophores with conidia; d-l Conidia; m Germinating conidium; n, o Colonies on PDA from surface and reverse. Scale bars: b-g 20 μm, h-m 10 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.11.e109477.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/872614" pageId="0" pageNumber="109477">1</figureCitation>
o and p).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FE3D69AE0288BAA88F43373C165DCE9C" pageId="0" pageNumber="109477" type="material examined">
<paragraph id="85491A620CEDD5A307CF76ECE7E34B94" pageId="0" pageNumber="109477">Material examined</paragraph>
<paragraph id="50C55947FE0D02B886598A0B5316FAD7" pageId="0" pageNumber="109477">
China, Yunnan Province, submerged decaying wood in Luguhu Lake, 100°49′04.72″E, 27°44′13.59″N, March 2021, Sha Luan,
<taxonomicName id="5BE7CBDE3DC58E7528B25F49A41DAF85" authorityName="S. Luan, H. W. Shen &amp; Z. L. Luo" authorityYear="2023" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Torulaceae" genus="Torula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Torula luguhuensis" order="Pleosporales" pageId="0" pageNumber="109477" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="luguhuensis">
<emphasis id="73DF9DE59765AA6B039442EDDDD2530C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109477">Torula luguhuensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(KUN-HKAS 124588, holotype), ex-type culture, CGMCC 3.24256 = KUNCC 22-12427.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="65167AC2397A1DF8939ECB8F2DB5BDF7" pageId="0" pageNumber="109477" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="A0310223BD60DA11F6171E08E82BCD67" pageId="0" pageNumber="109477">Etymology</paragraph>
<paragraph id="796EE8322859A37D2AF59B5C7F01F640" pageId="0" pageNumber="109477">Referring to Luguhu Lake, China, where the fungus was collected.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F4CEAC5438F4AD2580A84435B6081D3D" pageId="0" pageNumber="109477" type="notes">
<paragraph id="4607BC3BCEB7AD546FEB3EC8223E5A53" pageId="0" pageNumber="109477">Notes</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1D2FB28775A5B863FBFEA0D62132ABDF" pageId="0" pageNumber="109477">
In the multigene phylogenetic analysis,
<taxonomicName id="76E702E57551AF8353A06A62A0369BD7" authorityName="S. Luan, H. W. Shen &amp; Z. L. Luo" authorityYear="2023" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Torulaceae" genus="Torula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Torula luguhuensis" order="Pleosporales" pageId="0" pageNumber="109477" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="luguhuensis">
<emphasis id="8FBBBEC8510D8B981F11C589068F8AE4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109477">Torula luguhuensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clustered with
<taxonomicName id="60F83A1528BAA49D075A069BE30996BA" lsidName="T. aquatica" pageId="0" pageNumber="109477" rank="species" species="aquatica">
<emphasis id="EC0EA3CA41C10AB125963A8A1F7C6349" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109477">T. aquatica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MFLUCC 16-1115, DLUCC 0550) with 100% ML and 1.00 PP support.
<taxonomicName id="19D3AC4101DBA8D28CA23F48E6C20DC7" authorityName="S. Luan, H. W. Shen &amp; Z. L. Luo" authorityYear="2023" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Torulaceae" genus="Torula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Torula luguhuensis" order="Pleosporales" pageId="0" pageNumber="109477" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="luguhuensis">
<emphasis id="7E03C303AA821CE49181EB7C6BD0581D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109477">Torula luguhuensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles
<taxonomicName id="087129E3A1C1F6F57A8CE64F9FCD9CAB" lsidName="T. aquatica" pageId="0" pageNumber="109477" rank="species" species="aquatica">
<emphasis id="F74B4B3128C8E281DB9F4B85C81F5012" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109477">T. aquatica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having macronematous or semi-macronematous, erect conidiophores and verruculose conidia (
<bibRefCitation id="FFC5F915AA215E74BE4A3A02EED54264" author="Su, Xi Jun" journalOrPublisher="Mycological Progress" pageId="0" pageNumber="109477" pagination="531 - 545" refId="B9998018" refString="Su, Xi Jun, Luo, Zong Long, Jeewon, Rajesh, Bhat, Darbhe J, Bao, Dan Feng, Li, Wen Li, Hao, Yu E, Su, Hong Yan, Hyde, Kevin D, 2018. Morphology and multigene phylogeny reveal new genus and species of Torulaceae from freshwater habitats in northwestern Yunnan, China. Mycological Progress 17 (5): 531 - 545" title="Morphology and multigene phylogeny reveal new genus and species of Torulaceae from freshwater habitats in northwestern Yunnan, China" volume="17" year="2018">Su et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
). However,
<taxonomicName id="533AD085B6FBE8EAF3C9571C5FB77DB5" authorityName="S. Luan, H. W. Shen &amp; Z. L. Luo" authorityYear="2023" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Torulaceae" genus="Torula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Torula luguhuensis" order="Pleosporales" pageId="0" pageNumber="109477" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="luguhuensis">
<emphasis id="714714E8E9C150F42772B77F91418BA6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109477">Torula luguhuensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="803BFA1199C2EC56D519B6BAAF1EF78F" lsidName="T. aquatica" pageId="0" pageNumber="109477" rank="species" species="aquatica">
<emphasis id="08A38CFB8665617AC6E9B808DC766948" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109477">T. aquatica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having larger conidia (12-18
<normalizedToken id="F3FDFCD2E5D9B109A8E11E37703FE9C0" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
6-8 vs. 9-14
<normalizedToken id="0C31CEAB0C1D8F3CF176DD69FC2263CF" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5-6
<normalizedToken id="20FC699EE085D3B34E1BD7F1ABC26F03" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
). A comparison of RPB2, ITS and LSU nucleotides between
<taxonomicName id="AD131C525493CEB9496FF7158726F294" lsidName="T. luguhuensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="109477" rank="species" species="luguhuensis">
<emphasis id="BA032CDE3754968F0CBC36E8DD85AD35" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109477">T. luguhuensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="5FC32EB37FF98749441B6008C53F6286" lsidName="T. aquatica" pageId="0" pageNumber="109477" rank="species" species="aquatica">
<emphasis id="2471D8B8543DF538D4E7EE61D4D7E3E8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109477">T. aquatica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
showed 48/775 bp (6.2%), 5/433 bp (1.2%) and 3/796 bp (0.3%) differences with no gaps, respectively. Based on morphological and phylogenetic analysis, we introduce
<taxonomicName id="1AD2C6D5EF757DEEF09BE7E4C05D0259" lsidName="T. luguhuensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="109477" rank="species" species="luguhuensis">
<emphasis id="4BDC1D680EC266205093C6681DAEE373" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109477">T. luguhuensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a new species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

196
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<mods:publisher id="52245B900080EB8B60D94746979B03FC">Haupt Verlag</mods:publisher>
<mods:place id="34F0A47AE872A72CB7651A29F9BBE1BA">
<mods:placeTerm id="F92827091BC21232BA36585E4F14DFEA">Bern</mods:placeTerm>
</mods:place>
</mods:originInfo>
<mods:titleInfo id="ACF0C2414991810D91286E778A1C911F">
<mods:title id="EA916E6C39E02EB07165CEC04945D3F2">Flora Helvetica</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="8DA8C62FA40C03425E2CC14B862AE3F5">
<mods:extent id="6882F8BBCFEED634067ADA87BE02B330" unit="page">
<mods:start id="AD14F8AD0F7F535EF8225A7E7B46536F">1030</mods:start>
<mods:end id="F945E26154E843EC2126122682A223C4">1054</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="7A7963D0E74E7D4F205DEF7247A0CC0B">book chapter</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="689067297EDB217036CBFC04B799CD61" type="ISBN">978-3-258-08047-5</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="9F1DE58D271DBC17E0DDA33A84A39C42" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10857482" ID-GBIF-Taxon="224053425" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10857482" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9F1DE58D271DBC17E0DDA33A84A39C42" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9F1DE58D271DBC17E0DDA33A84A39C42" lastPageNumber="1046" pageNumber="1046">
<subSubSection id="57DC5760F044A035441336E0F113C36B" pageNumber="1046" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="6CF602C74246BE535D79371A4F9DFF53" pageNumber="1046">
<taxonomicName id="CE9B7E295358007D0961908243AA7FC6" ID-CoL="3VZJR" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageNumber="1034" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="xylosteum">
<emphasis id="EB78D3C9792E14008CC628B374219AF4" italics="true" pageNumber="1046">Lonicera xylosteum</emphasis>
L.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10585B27FE67688B6F693DEB531649F5" pageNumber="1046" type="description">
<paragraph id="EEEE91B048234360EACEE05D4231D83C" pageNumber="1046">
Artbeschreibung: Bis
<quantity id="5B0348701CC8A5FE9EE70B54BEC4217F" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageNumber="1034" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
hoher Strauch.
<emphasis id="87944753A34C3205E7E64345D3FA1935" bold="true" pageNumber="1046">
<normalizedToken id="A56132B16EFC64B30D565ED5BC35FD56" originalValue="Blätter" pageNumber="1034">Blaetter</normalizedToken>
eilanzettlich bis
<normalizedToken id="03BC55801E56D4C1776D2489B230AD47" originalValue="breit-eiförmig" pageNumber="1034">breit-eifoermig</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
, 1-2mal so lang wie breit, ganzrandig,
<emphasis id="4F8A1B6EB1E08BA835ACF5811923E0BF" bold="true" pageNumber="1046">beidseits weich behaart</emphasis>
, unterseits heller
<normalizedToken id="3C87C8A65115F1BFC70403BDD3EF4C8B" originalValue="grün" pageNumber="1034">gruen</normalizedToken>
als oberseits, 2-6(-8) cm lang.
<normalizedToken id="61928924F279A2930E7CE06A86297F88" originalValue="Blüten" pageNumber="1034">Blueten</normalizedToken>
paarweise auf gemeinsamem Stiel,
<emphasis id="B6FE1E778D3C3E2C514808268A63494A" bold="true" pageNumber="1046">
dieser 1-2mal so lang wie die
<normalizedToken id="90A1F655E3F700C988FA1A48F17DA4C0" originalValue="Blüten" pageNumber="1034">Blueten</normalizedToken>
. Krone erst weisslich,
<normalizedToken id="15782E69D5E710FCD73210D307766268" originalValue="später" pageNumber="1034">spaeter</normalizedToken>
hellgelb
</emphasis>
, manchmal rosa
<normalizedToken id="D351D667A7B834CAD2FFD245E4BA899D" originalValue="überlaufen" pageNumber="1034">ueberlaufen</normalizedToken>
,
<quantity id="3CE6B34FE821316DA1D1345B6501ABB1" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageNumber="1034" unit="cm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.0">1-1,5 cm</quantity>
lang.
<emphasis id="EFE5CA9F31571C66576879EFD0FFBFAD" bold="true" pageNumber="1046">
<normalizedToken id="FE3EBA2781599E6CA2F88612E3CDA86C" originalValue="Früchte" pageNumber="1034">Fruechte</normalizedToken>
leuchtend rote Beeren, paarweise vereinigt, aber nicht verwachsen
</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BEDC21E15C5CBA1A402B74D65D59C171" pageNumber="1046" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="48468BDBFCB1AB32922BC54E018E9037" pageNumber="1046">
<normalizedToken id="D87D1AD794DB2285D6A6F1A004FFBC63" originalValue="Blütezeit" pageNumber="1034">Bluetezeit</normalizedToken>
: 4-5
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="23BFA09F8CDF1E6B3AA5D15E20BFB9FB" pageNumber="1046">
Standort und Verbreitung in der Schweiz:
<normalizedToken id="FADDF5039C8220BF1B10CC32895C5761" originalValue="Wälder" pageNumber="1034">Waelder</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken id="AA980127B6B6E03286B67568BFB430C1" originalValue="Gebüsche" pageNumber="1034">Gebuesche</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken id="E25CB444369FA8CE933C07AA0C248D38" originalValue="Waldränder" pageNumber="1034">Waldraender</normalizedToken>
, Hecken / kollin-montan(-subalpin) / CH
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6C9913C52DAB8642560A399523F9B034" pageNumber="1046" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="9CD9F91A7E59E50AB39568744A542BDE" pageNumber="1046">Verbreitung global: Eurosibirisch</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="50C8D30BC5E6161404C5DB1C0052D548" pageNumber="1046" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="C59B9EB49C51F5D0D007272B3641D32B" pageNumber="1046">
<normalizedToken id="17DA808E114DF86A1CA19E53E5734109" originalValue="Ökologische">Oekologische</normalizedToken>
Zeigerwerte nach
<bibRefCitation id="0B7AAEB1039DBAAA99361A7D924EB27C" author="Landolt, E. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Erhardt, A. &amp; Hegg, O. &amp; Klötzli, F. &amp; Lämmler, W. &amp; Nobis, M. &amp; Rudmann-Maurer, K. &amp; Theurillat, J.P. &amp; Urmi, E. &amp; Vust, M. &amp; Wohlgemuth, T." pageNumber="1046" publicationUrl="https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" refString="Landolt, E., Bäumler, B., Erhardt, A., Hegg, O., Klötzli, F., Lämmler, W., Nobis, M., Rudmann-Maurer, K., Theurillat, J.P., Urmi, E., Vust, M., Wohlgemuth, T. 2010. Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen (2nd ed.). https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" title="Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen" year="2010">Landolt &amp; al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D4AFF57580BB2C4944D11FB725A91914" pageNumber="1046">
<table id="E30C12C30FA59029CAF6011FC3205395" class="table" inLine="true" pageNumber="1046">
<tr id="27EE3CE5FA59A30E06336AA288DF8875" pageNumber="1046">
<th id="14079D00A88B25EF8E7EE15A9E60B69F" colspan="2" pageNumber="1046">
<emphasis id="DA25C4E1983E7EA03F72F0A573D51AD5" bold="true" pageNumber="1046">Bodenfaktoren</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="58147F6EA79F77CF4D196C6B312E8D2F" colspan="2" pageNumber="1046">
<emphasis id="5B706742F8A5225B85996676A53C9C67" bold="true" pageNumber="1046">Klimafaktoren</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="321A06CAC6B557CD751F132B6D979363" colspan="2" pageNumber="1046">
<emphasis id="5CBA076F945EF0FF30AA7691F0BC0BD6" bold="true" pageNumber="1046">Salztoleranz</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="CCB28DF011BE60E51DB977F5D8808B20" pageNumber="1046">
<td id="1A32C452F13EAFAE041CC0A7A43976AA" pageNumber="1046">Feuchtezahl F</td>
<td id="4A537BF91DA366AA567E1899BB22455E" pageNumber="1046" style="text-align:left;width:100px">
<normalizedToken id="15E33396395E43A0CBD2C4126EF6C717" originalValue="mässig">maessig</normalizedToken>
feucht
</td>
<td id="105DC4E469B0D99FE571C9CF20F63404" pageNumber="1046">Lichtzahl L</td>
<td id="F0B75115DECA5E981FFAF2008FB5EA9F" pageNumber="1046" style="text-align:left;width:60px">halbschattig</td>
<td id="4F0F7D9B456471429BFA8FCF430D7110" pageNumber="1046">Salzzeichen</td>
<td id="3CBAE4D05F277360DFEF876B32F189A3" pageNumber="1046" style="text-align:left;width:60px">--</td>
</tr>
<tr id="CF6A6FBE900AB7FA4ED6D097D4390840" pageNumber="1046">
<td id="E3A8F6B660E4CB3EA64C7E59B7670569" pageNumber="1046">Reaktionszahl R</td>
<td id="71BFA39A5B22754CB61A56D586F3DC49" pageNumber="1046" style="text-align:left">neutral bis basisch (pH 5.5-8.5)</td>
<td id="06FD725B3AA1CA4DD7D34012F7A4BB6C" pageNumber="1046">Temperaturzahl T</td>
<td id="88725EA257E8B69D3438DCB136E82FEA" pageNumber="1046" style="text-align:left">unter-montan und ober-kollin</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1FA107C77A3DD9E6137751D344327B29" pageNumber="1046">
<td id="14C5D668F646306E4C9355B06BC0B36F" pageNumber="1046">
<normalizedToken id="F770C1CCBB280C7FF6AC381DB79F0F40" originalValue="Nährstoffzahl">Naehrstoffzahl</normalizedToken>
N
</td>
<td id="6592F94D1B3EFDFD676B54A5CA66A7EA" pageNumber="1046" style="text-align:left">
<normalizedToken id="B6DDCE78D5711EB1B5CF4377C498C8E4" originalValue="mässig">maessig</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="96E27B035E79F0B43ED35F9D37714ADB" originalValue="nährstoffarm">naehrstoffarm</normalizedToken>
bis
<normalizedToken id="C12B7136C9255361251799B3DF0D0E2D" originalValue="mässig">maessig</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="57F312AF14C1CF68B1540735643A9A9A" originalValue="nährstoffreich">naehrstoffreich</normalizedToken>
</td>
<td id="1AA4E18275E7AA1B2C4AB0B55B3340FC" pageNumber="1046">
<normalizedToken id="91F281BEE5CFE68DB404E06B7E094808" originalValue="Kontinentalitätszahl">Kontinentalitaetszahl</normalizedToken>
K
</td>
<td id="B9013FB75DC8C1862AE6DDCB91079DCE" pageNumber="1046" style="text-align:left">
subozeanisch bis subkontinental (mittlere Luftfeuchtigkeit,
<normalizedToken id="3B6CD9F89BA87AF3EDE15B30C34CC820" originalValue="mässige">maessige</normalizedToken>
Temperaturschwankungen und
<normalizedToken id="E229993833DAF2D9890C6EC2BFCAC3B9" originalValue="mässig">maessig</normalizedToken>
tiefe Wintertemperaturen)
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B058E75596591D263A37632BE780809B" pageNumber="1046" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="51E865E88B2B42DE119C98E627C6B31D" pageNumber="1046">
Volksname Deutscher Name:
<vernacularName id="AF398FBBD33E70FDE3204E4F5729ED13" language="deu" pageNumber="1046">Rote Heckenkirsche</vernacularName>
,
<vernacularName id="BB10BCD234FD69334DEA64A9668B6EDA" language="deu" pageNumber="1046">Rotes Geissblatt</vernacularName>
,
<vernacularName id="2A4CF394599CFC46171ECFA2C30FF278" language="deu" pageNumber="1046">Beinholz</vernacularName>
Nom
<normalizedToken id="0598EBE531874B8024A13F9D6D07F7D4" originalValue="français">francais</normalizedToken>
:
<vernacularName id="DD8DC8DBBBD48BF5D6B85B44D993CD9E" language="fra" pageNumber="1046">
<normalizedToken id="DF7749938C3C322AA3C110AC8FBA264E" originalValue="Chèvrefeuille">Chevrefeuille</normalizedToken>
des haies
</vernacularName>
,
<vernacularName id="0FDB4F3A233634B62D370D7D77D81F89" language="fra" pageNumber="1046">
<normalizedToken id="BCB69182DEFC666948683D4CC446DE85" originalValue="Camérisier">Camerisier</normalizedToken>
</vernacularName>
Nome italiano:
<vernacularName id="21AC09A22A8A154C260BF763B76CADB4" language="ita" pageNumber="1046">Caprifoglio peloso</vernacularName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>