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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="297102" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.7316519" ID-GBIF-Dataset="38aee501-3c26-4686-9c32-a0991b651db7" ID-ISBN="0-8018-8221-4" checkinTime="1670905099958" checkinUser="guido" docAuthor="Wilson, Don E. &amp; Reeder, DeeAnn" docDate="2005" docId="C1A875BE3781C31C55A6B584DFB2CE0B" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpeciesofTheWorld.2005.Artiodactyla.637-722.xml" docOrigin="Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press" docTitle="Rangifer tarandus" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="AB6A4FBA464988A6B3A53F4B8CD52B4B" lastPageNumber="660" masterDocId="AB6A4FBA464988A6B3A53F4B8CD52B4B" masterDocTitle="Order Artiodactyla" masterLastPageNumber="722" masterPageNumber="637" pageNumber="660" updateTime="1716783024384" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="7584B5FC383968AE8AFC03760FB34172">Order Artiodactyla</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:namePart id="3CED1FECF045144565001439A1BDE5BC">Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A685EF767051261C8CEA3E41E0F79831">Reeder, DeeAnn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="3FE3F29B61A6C097BB8631C884C895BD">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="9FBD384DEE8942B364F9DC5ACE745044">2005</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:titleInfo id="6970F9BA4472269027E7C34D8DA483DC">
<mods:title id="9E694EC254407C155A9F490307E84429">Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1</mods:title>
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<mods:classification id="DC386BCB49055F03A199821EC8A15F57">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="CA15054627E758E3C6F7D96A1659D6E7" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.7316519</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="C1A875BE3781C31C55A6B584DFB2CE0B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11337110" ID-GBIF-Taxon="231540799" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11337110" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C1A875BE3781C31C55A6B584DFB2CE0B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C1A875BE3781C31C55A6B584DFB2CE0B" lastPageNumber="660" pageNumber="660" sourceUrl="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=14200328">
<subSubSection id="F999F39681802ABAEEE112C2B9D6EA0B" pageNumber="660" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F0573C9649DB56F29274B7802B71C6BD" pageNumber="660">
<taxonomicName id="C6BF873770C9CB95BE38E7DA9683F96C" ID-CoL="4RF6J" authority="(Linnaeus 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rangifer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="660" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tarandus">
<emphasis id="B33ACCE512E148FE29E181AC46060D30" italics="true" pageNumber="660">Rangifer tarandus</emphasis>
(Linnaeus 1758)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="45DE1043F5C5A51B2277ADA61672FF47" pageNumber="660" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="A75535607696E720377EE66FF3F55F4D" pageNumber="660">
<treatmentCitation id="B0B31A02BB7B2789EBF1A2E16192EA68" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3914445" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3914445" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:ACE38BD8-8520-40FE-AD3C-178CD4C2ADB5" author="Linnaeus" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Cervus" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/90689C01934A459850BC5EAF5E04FE2C" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" page="67" pageNumber="660" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tarandus" title="Cervus tarandus" volumeTitle="Syst. Nat., 10th ed., Vol. 1" year="1758">
<taxonomicName id="F1935846D5478D0766FB4E07C00B59EC" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Cervus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="660" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tarandus">
<emphasis id="FBB0AEED7793CD4B1726C4B8840F7EB4" italics="true" pageNumber="660">[Cervus] tarandus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A23295F5BC9E0D3BB0410B728FFDEB88" author="Linnaeus, C." refId="ref213949" refString="Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classis, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tenth ed. Vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 824 pp." year="1758">Linnaeus 1758</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibCitation id="74D3FC158450114BFE318A6B105ED355" author="Linnaeus" pageNumber="660" pagination="67" title="Cervus tarandus" volumeTitle="Syst. Nat., 10th ed., Vol. 1" year="1758">Syst. Nat., 10th ed., Vol. 1: 67</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8D049280BF09A7D2EB9B9A8307D5A0C0" pageNumber="660" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DC66B0D36DA9C73E337065AD79A9CCC0" pageNumber="660">
<emphasis id="7D1E1574C8E33A476BCF52DD83893DA7" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="660">Type Locality:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="616AFCFA2BA9EE20B77A925659FEDA77" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4867329660" country="Sweden" pageNumber="660">
&quot;Habitat in Alpibus Europae et Asiae maxime septentrionalibus&quot;; identified as
<collectingCountry id="A17BC6C2E466173E3F9BA1DE8DE1D912" name="Sweden">Sweden</collectingCountry>
, Alpine Lapland by
<bibRefCitation id="00ED9DA560DC7EB98ACAF3FAA8CB763C" author="Thomas, O." refId="ref353417" refString="Thomas, O. 1911 a. The mammals of the tenth edition of Linnaeus; an attempt to fix the types of the genera and the exact bases and localities of the species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1911: 120 - 158." year="1911">
Thomas (1911
<emphasis id="BFBB332AEB9DD07CF4C5089B698F098E" italics="true" pageNumber="660">a</emphasis>
:151)
</bibRefCitation>
; based on domesticated stock
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="169428F24D8D8F065DC7C03ED3DB9CEB" pageNumber="660" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="F23D250B8B79BEF5131068EEF2402476" pageNumber="660">
<emphasis id="0EB1F0276BA450BA3E48293475C28FC9" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="660">Vernacular Names:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="A83ED0DF7AB0F90BF6696FC1323AE270" language="eng" pageNumber="660">Reindeer</vernacularName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CDC046BD94D265BAD39A804CA1087EAB" pageNumber="660" type="child_taxa">
<paragraph id="4F76B7180C8AAA182CBE2F44ADDA3411" pageNumber="660">
<emphasis id="75D229AD677E4BDB4D419EEF6E37D0A6" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="660">Subspecies:</emphasis>
:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="03D1460C5C5BBEC38DCFD7B1FAD96C4D" pageNumber="660">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="0ED7CA4222EE3A4C02B629FDE3388745" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rangifer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="660" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="tarandus" subSpecies="tarandus">
<emphasis id="ECDBB728895E8B52804D74414107609A" italics="true" pageNumber="660">Rangifer tarandus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="571B46C0DD9CDC2815757E287687108C" italics="true" pageNumber="660">tarandus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9E6EB27907999B3C8CFCCA2EF4A813FF" author="Linnaeus, C." refId="ref213949" refString="Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classis, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tenth ed. Vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 824 pp." year="1758">Linnaeus 1758</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FD66DB14E87BFC1E01781255AB35206C" pageNumber="660">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="B9B83B94BEA6F321BC9BFCA35E568F49" authority="Millais 1915" authorityName="Millais" authorityYear="1915" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rangifer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="660" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="tarandus" subSpecies="buskensis">
<emphasis id="2E7879CE6CEEFD15184A47D8193CC104" italics="true" pageNumber="660">Rangifer tarandus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="DA93B7E4B763375F160E4EFB568321F8" italics="true" pageNumber="660">buskensis</emphasis>
Millais 1915
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8E782BB9C8D1054B9D194DCFA425FA90" pageNumber="660">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="0DE201412F04231D91908AB2B21B4B6A" authority="G. M. Allen 1914" authorityName="G. M. Allen" authorityYear="1914" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rangifer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="660" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="tarandus" subSpecies="caboti">
<emphasis id="BDA5D097068BF3A77ECB241CC57F93A8" italics="true" pageNumber="660">Rangifer tarandus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="E187A81432214094B50286CCFF9C743A" italics="true" pageNumber="660">caboti</emphasis>
G. M. Allen 1914
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B0D109899C24A9A1EE84738132CCD810" pageNumber="660">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="CC1E435BE39B78411DA6E7A426173227" authority="Gmelin 1788" authorityName="Gmelin" authorityYear="1788" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rangifer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="660" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="tarandus" subSpecies="caribou">
<emphasis id="D3585AEF397B11131ADE22C5BE2097E1" italics="true" pageNumber="660">Rangifer tarandus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="891FC0EF20E9A16B18C82511CAED4656" italics="true" pageNumber="660">caribou</emphasis>
Gmelin 1788
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E166DB49D2647A1F63A1D41CCCDA6BF3" pageNumber="660">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="7D1A827352A1D545BC076F47DC357A2C" authority="Thompson-Seton 1900" authorityName="Thompson-Seton" authorityYear="1900" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rangifer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="660" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="tarandus" subSpecies="dawsoni">
<emphasis id="13789409A5A17E292F00BFBC35823CA9" italics="true" pageNumber="660">Rangifer tarandus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="5DF04BDDC77B0852C3057D1BE0384ED7" italics="true" pageNumber="660">dawsoni</emphasis>
Thompson-Seton 1900
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7424F95841CCD4E4C95CA0A595D14809" pageNumber="660">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="9E0ADF28DFE835EBEC0EEFC3D24B6F12" authority="Lönnberg 1909" authorityName="Lönnberg" authorityYear="1909" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rangifer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="660" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="tarandus" subSpecies="fennicus">
<emphasis id="792B1DCEC919C875F889A8A571D7242C" italics="true" pageNumber="660">Rangifer tarandus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="C08D303FCE220BB76C43ACE145E858B1" italics="true" pageNumber="660">fennicus</emphasis>
Lönnberg 1909
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="38C28722F50335A72B98B082AD487B03" pageNumber="660">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="02D3783EBA3648C3D274F5196EF538BC" authority="Borowski 1780" authorityName="Borowski" authorityYear="1780" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rangifer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="660" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="tarandus" subSpecies="groenlandicus">
<emphasis id="D42DC8C69ADD45397024196A2FE87C6A" italics="true" pageNumber="660">Rangifer tarandus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="FB1A4E96CE97324AA0A040C91A165512" italics="true" pageNumber="660">groenlandicus</emphasis>
Borowski 1780
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F0954983B2404B3596231483C6274393" pageNumber="660">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="81E796F59E6AB726D9CF7E5EDD4A9FC8" authority="J. A. Allen 1902" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rangifer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="660" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="tarandus" subSpecies="osborni">
<emphasis id="5722D8FD1E6879692B3D45C28ED1ACC9" italics="true" pageNumber="660">Rangifer tarandus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="87DDB8ABF9E4A02E9D7F847174896243" italics="true" pageNumber="660">osborni</emphasis>
J. A.
<bibRefCitation id="D629BE6C5311EC7759E33F427010526A" author="Allen, J. A." refId="ref5572" refString="Allen, J. A. 1902. Mammal names proposed by Oken in his &quot; Lehrbuch der Zoologie &quot;. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 16: 373 - 379." year="1902">Allen 1902</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1561FA35BB6951E736A5F6EA86F0587E" pageNumber="660">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="AE23EC753A08B15CE9CA644AA9218A9D" authority="Lydekker 1903" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1903" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rangifer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="660" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="tarandus" subSpecies="pearsoni">
<emphasis id="B6E307F4705506A4DE754FBF04C8D8B6" italics="true" pageNumber="660">Rangifer tarandus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="08D146BE5743E93BF040007E71B94781" italics="true" pageNumber="660">pearsoni</emphasis>
Lydekker 1903
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="712A98384738331F5F93487832FD45BE" pageNumber="660">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="DB2FD68CB91A5A2768CF5FDEC3EE07F1" authority="J. A. Allen 1902" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rangifer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="660" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="tarandus" subSpecies="pearyi">
<emphasis id="5AD3C386CC049D2C01124B56DCDBB73C" italics="true" pageNumber="660">Rangifer tarandus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="703809AC1C06883155E9A560E6D0E5D1" italics="true" pageNumber="660">pearyi</emphasis>
J. A.
<bibRefCitation id="2848E303CB865AF5214B7F2CDEBAA682" author="Allen, J. A." refId="ref5572" refString="Allen, J. A. 1902. Mammal names proposed by Oken in his &quot; Lehrbuch der Zoologie &quot;. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 16: 373 - 379." year="1902">Allen 1902</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0708353D335BE9C1EC21BA781CC25E94" pageNumber="660">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="E94F7D1BE57C1A304016EF235873BCEB" authority="Hollister 1912" authorityName="Hollister" authorityYear="1912" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rangifer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="660" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="tarandus" subSpecies="phylarchus">
<emphasis id="1E3429D40A3B72E51174CEE6BDB63F9C" italics="true" pageNumber="660">Rangifer tarandus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="DA2B1A199C717AF95BE0231E3EAB1DE4" italics="true" pageNumber="660">phylarchus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="64DAFFA73FD4BD202052718DBF6D0866" author="Hollister, N." refId="ref156830" refString="Hollister, N. 1912. The names of the Rocky Mountain goat. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 25: 185 - 186." year="1912">Hollister 1912</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CCF9C0106F95ABAC853785C56111C4A9" pageNumber="660">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="5D989CE31FF7B91066424D5C99D6762F" authority="Vrolik 1829" authorityName="Vrolik" authorityYear="1829" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rangifer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="660" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="tarandus" subSpecies="platyrhynchus">
<emphasis id="2272422F18C4BF49FA8390C9B960AAEC" italics="true" pageNumber="660">Rangifer tarandus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="972F449D55A283D74199EE21FFDFAAE8" italics="true" pageNumber="660">platyrhynchus</emphasis>
Vrolik 1829
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B6B04C01A1E55835475C7ED66B5B0425" pageNumber="660">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="1BF6FF9765D756E8090A532B08CA6C73" authority="Murray 1866" authorityName="Murray" authorityYear="1866" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rangifer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="660" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="tarandus" subSpecies="sibiricus">
<emphasis id="327DF301EB18BC661A2691D666044AAB" italics="true" pageNumber="660">Rangifer tarandus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="E7C512EB90718FAB9B4770FF7BBA7266" italics="true" pageNumber="660">sibiricus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="172CC74DD302374927391EF71158045E" author="Murray, A." refId="ref250505" refString="Murray, A. 1866. The geographical distribution of mammals. Day and Son, Ltd., London, 420 pp." year="1866">Murray 1866</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9169555083A3ABA149B0F6C7C2F0C4C7" pageNumber="660">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="B083F46687CE06CC4A965A707FD8867E" authority="Bangs 1896" authorityName="Bangs" authorityYear="1896" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rangifer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="660" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="tarandus" subSpecies="terraenovae">
<emphasis id="371434B963F8ACD768B154F37FABB461" italics="true" pageNumber="660">Rangifer tarandus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="E8FBB1FD1D53C1293593EB422641C91D" italics="true" pageNumber="660">terraenovae</emphasis>
Bangs 1896
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="30BD829577A2B79F85D8E966A1451003" pageNumber="660" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="938C3553CCB45163919A402ACCA0BFD9" pageNumber="660">
<emphasis id="3C1B01B3B81366BD4156A3979304C233" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="660">Distribution:</emphasis>
Circumboreal in tundra and taiga from
<collectingCountry id="2E008EADC67F1EDC2D6E6D5143D6559F" name="Svalbard and Jan Mayen">Svalbard</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="97FB5401D5A517B5BAC993BC69EEB60E" name="Norway">Norway</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="0DCD85E814A0244D3BD881815653E775" name="Finland">Finland</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="347A016733C0E58BD8A97F02250968C8" name="Russia">Russia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="7C37E1AF14C935D80E7EA80ABF575DC9" country="United States of America" name="Alaska">Alaska</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry id="F263BFC18B24981F0B0B381028A269EA" name="United States of America">USA</collectingCountry>
) and
<collectingCountry id="DC3ACEE62C4F5A2AC7C348E82DA934BA" name="Canada">Canada</collectingCountry>
including most arctic islands, and
<collectingCountry id="454D34A12F6822DF132691F2594C0B6A" name="Greenland">Greenland</collectingCountry>
, south to N
<collectingCountry id="447B0873CAD7B31CD59F32D939F8F8C1" name="Mongolia">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="1753E3363615EB2B20CDD4C1F705481F" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="D94272AE458514EA3EB9D5FA0B42D336" country="China" name="Nei Mongol">Inner Mongolia</collectingRegion>
; now only domesticated or feral?), Sakhalin Isl, and
<collectingCountry id="CD13851299B4F8F8AC792623571CA608" name="United States of America">USA</collectingCountry>
(N
<collectingRegion id="4FE20EBE095BF36CE7204834B94AAC89" country="United States of America" name="Idaho">Idaho</collectingRegion>
and Great Lakes region). Introduced to, and feral in,
<collectingCountry id="B630D22352E05326D53CDE57D8D1EA02" name="Iceland">Iceland</collectingCountry>
, Kerguelen Isls,
<collectingCountry id="59D6EE45B3203EF2E0430D62A811E463" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia</collectingCountry>
Isl, Pribilof Isls, St. Matthew Isl. Extinct in
<collectingCountry id="455D8EB312E552FEE6E4F8D7C20252B5" name="Sweden">Sweden</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3203353EA93AA111BA487D33173A2CDA" pageNumber="660" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="6C716329D95620C1A0F3F83BD134AC19" pageNumber="660">
<emphasis id="A2DD9595E09D35570FB4B3F53B23B216" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="660">Conservation:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="21B0BCE314D9F6F0F540D03B914A1B6D" name="United States of America">U.S.</collectingCountry>
<collectionCode id="80D95D04964D18D5E46CFDE73791BE32" country="Brazil" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14319" name="Universidade de São Paulo" type="Herbarium">ESA</collectionCode>
– Endangered as
<emphasis id="86EC8322C9A9E3BA4B9E5F5B3123E883" italics="true" pageNumber="660">
<collectionCode id="70592D7EA5CA3250C7E522EA263329DF" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile">R</collectionCode>
. t. caribou
</emphasis>
in
<collectingCountry id="3AF2287E3CDCDCD20C05AC27BFE25929" name="Canada">Canada</collectingCountry>
(
<collectionCode id="697A9B802E54C89AAC04958F1242475C">SE</collectionCode>
<collectingRegion id="112612C6B1C56B2146D4E0BE318EC6CC" country="Canada" name="British Columbia">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
at the Canadian-USA border, Columbia River, Kootenay River, Kootenay Lake, and Kootenai River) and
<collectingCountry id="DBE03D852A453E73D155DFE270F28972" name="United States of America">USA</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="96E96FD1C91B2DAE8AD9A254AA9D22AD" country="United States of America" name="Idaho">Idaho</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="C957FA6DFEC46ED111D69D1024AE7551" country="United States of America" name="Washington">Washington</collectingRegion>
);
<collectionCode id="D3525E17335C5645C00F513C0FF3CAAD">IUCN</collectionCode>
– Endangered as
<emphasis id="A2BEB6B12B78F36A9609E0A53427F352" italics="true" pageNumber="660">
<collectionCode id="D68889844598903730F339EE696B64D6" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile">R</collectionCode>
. t. pearyi
</emphasis>
, otherwise Lower Risk (lc). The woodland
<emphasis id="6F48AA9584F4A0F9158BB290573C0C32" italics="true" pageNumber="660">caribou</emphasis>
is highly endangered throughout its distribution right into Ontario (
<collectionCode id="19E1B31528773EF586991B03613CC4EB" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
. Geist, in litt.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="568A1382CF17E13BB548D04DBC596002" pageNumber="660" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="3DABFAFBFD2A55EC05D2E07F2C456085" pageNumber="660">
<emphasis id="E353D41EECA3B1BD9F024EBF83496DFC" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="660">Discussion:</emphasis>
Subspecies have been placed in two divisions, compressicornis or Woodland Reindeer, and cylindricornis or Tundra Reindeer (
<bibRefCitation id="4C8EB3571F7C85C262ED3D0BFBC2AFDD" author="Jacobi, A." refId="ref170634" refString="Jacobi, A. 1931. Das Rentier; eine zoologische Monographie der Gattung Rangifer. Zoologischer Anzeiger, Erganzungsband zu Band 96, 264 pp." year="1931">Jacobi, 1931</bibRefCitation>
). These names of divisions are non-Linnean;
<emphasis id="D6D768F518904F0D3E89AA7E62C65575" italics="true" pageNumber="660">cilindricornis</emphasis>
Camerano, 1902 is a lapsus for cylindricornis and is not a Linnean name. An additional category has since been recognised for the Peary Caribou, due to marginal or seasonal sympatry between caribou in Arctic America, following
<bibRefCitation id="2A2C34D08ACFAF2B44F4EB5BFEFD6A61" author="Banfield, A. W. F." refId="ref19636" refString="Banfield, A. W. F. 1963. The post glacial dispersal of American caribou. Proceedings of the 16 th International Congress of Zoology, Washington D. C., 1: 206." year="1963">Banfield (1963)</bibRefCitation>
. Subspecies here considered valid are based on
<bibRefCitation id="E5B1C0809F0C6A7948B959EE73F3B336" author="Banfield, A. W. F." refId="ref19606" refString="Banfield, A. W. F. 1961. A revision of the reindeer and caribou. National Museum of Canada Bulletin, 177: 1 - 137." year="1961">Banfield (1961)</bibRefCitation>
, considerably modified by
<bibRefCitation id="9CE5B56D0138B977816469D9C5BDA684" author="Geist, V." refId="ref116300" refString="Geist, V. 1998. Deer of the world. Their evolution, behavior and ecology. Stackpole Books, Mechanicsburg, Pensylvania, 421 pp." year="1998">Geist (1998)</bibRefCitation>
:
<emphasis id="0D0159C13EBD29BEE31CF13CD5D521F8" italics="true" pageNumber="660">caribou</emphasis>
division or Woodland Caribou (includes also
<emphasis id="1F92EAE106DC41E4707361775D8FA7DD" italics="true" pageNumber="660">buskensis, valentinae, dawsoni, fennicus</emphasis>
, and
<emphasis id="14C0093DA672AA4FFC9812C627A702ED" italics="true" pageNumber="660">phylarchus</emphasis>
); populations transitional between
<emphasis id="2456C0696E472B19C323D6F60866F926" italics="true" pageNumber="660">caribou</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="EB75582CB3D774677E314D4F8B349C4D" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rangifer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tarandus">
<emphasis id="5033D8E2289D6DC7DF63D7312F4ED53C" italics="true" pageNumber="660">tarandus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
divisions (includes
<emphasis id="CE4AF80831791DA35AABF77473D4D535" italics="true" pageNumber="660">osborni</emphasis>
);
<taxonomicName id="A5108D08CEF48C67F4F73D7B5865BF89" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rangifer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tarandus">
<emphasis id="326B66DB3CA54458D02049E38608BAB0" italics="true" pageNumber="660">tarandus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
division, Barren-ground Caribou or Reindeer (includes also
<emphasis id="FE73977BCF5B7003E3D0C2CB451D63BD" italics="true" pageNumber="660">caboti, groenlandicus, pearsoni, sibiricus</emphasis>
, and
<emphasis id="BFA19CFD8DA1DD320EFCED47FC209456" italics="true" pageNumber="660">terraenovae</emphasis>
); and
<emphasis id="28390C299DD1F494CFBD97ED4B5441DA" italics="true" pageNumber="660">platyrhynchus</emphasis>
division (including
<emphasis id="A4B4270A8EE3E9421E8A4FF612FDC322" italics="true" pageNumber="660">pearyi</emphasis>
or Peary Caribou and
<emphasis id="C421C887605529F5283D08BCCA9A4104" italics="true" pageNumber="660">platyrhynchus</emphasis>
or
<collectingCountry id="E8D492F5E28FE24107C1CE66C0006034" name="Svalbard and Jan Mayen">Svalbard</collectingCountry>
Reindeer). The extinct insular
<emphasis id="6B6F406684E6A484AF997C904DCFA46D" italics="true" pageNumber="660">dawsoni</emphasis>
has been treated as a distinct species (
<bibRefCitation id="3878A8BA6664D5AA4FA9575BFF19E544" author="Cowan, I. McT. &amp; C. J. Guiguet" refId="ref70157" refString="Cowan, I. McT., and C. J. Guiguet. 1965. The mammals of British Columbia. Third Ed. British Columbia Provincial Museum, Handbook, 11: 1 - 414." year="1965">Cowan and Guiguet, 1965</bibRefCitation>
) but does not differ from
<emphasis id="33D53363FB7190812579AB2B4E7E0856" italics="true" pageNumber="660">caribou</emphasis>
or
<taxonomicName id="5208CA029246343B5F81645089244190" baseAuthorityName="Brooke" baseAuthorityYear="1872" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Nanger" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="granti">
<emphasis id="84899E47E39C92E07B19595449DE6747" italics="true" pageNumber="660">granti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(=
<emphasis id="F06C4E2C462A91DCEE399C7E147FD52A" italics="true" pageNumber="660">groenlandicus</emphasis>
) in mtDNA sequences (
<bibRefCitation id="FEAA551ABB5392E15B522452FBAAC4E3" author="Byun, S. A. &amp; B. F. Koop &amp; T. E. Reimchen" refId="ref48266" refString="Byun, S. A., B. F. Koop, and T. E. Reimchen. 2002. Evolution of the Dawson caribou (Rangifer tarandus dawsoni). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 80: 956 - 960." year="2002">Byun et al., 2002</bibRefCitation>
). Grouping the
<collectingCountry id="0E71A9B35BCB204A0E9BCB3708F50A39" name="Svalbard and Jan Mayen">Svalbard</collectingCountry>
Reindeer with the Peary Caribou is provisional (
<bibRefCitation id="BA8A472C8CD3C7E3F061C911CB5BA4CB" author="Groves, C. P. &amp; P. Grubb" refId="ref133049" refString="Groves, C. P., and P. Grubb. 1987. Relationships of living deer. Pp. 2 l- 59, in Biology and management of the Cervidae (C. M. Wemmer, ed.). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., 577 pp." year="1987">Groves and Grubb, 1987</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="C02F942DBD19475599C675C557996EEC">A revision of the parasitoid wasp genus Alphomelon Mason with the description of 30 new species (Hymenoptera, Braconidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4C947EEA4B3BE104DC826E664D20E1B6">Janzen, Daniel H.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="4B85E5A4C4AABFEBCE7AA1577EBDC5A7" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7335-5107</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="F6F10FAE73313236A663E38E05E99283">University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="F323E8EB0C0443D89D058F3E58D9255B">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="FD86975CCAEC78C138EE33588F28D8B8">2023-08-16</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="571E74A39396AB1B1BF1F05DD3F658F4">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="BEDB1796E8AA2AFF09448DDD376F5979" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1175.105068</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="C1A875C9524D52658141EAF9EDFCABDF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C1A875C9524D52658141EAF9EDFCABDF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C1A875C9524D52658141EAF9EDFCABDF" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<subSubSection id="C91A5AF2517905ADE65430C2AB9D2277" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="883284E6F91451E702DF95B5FA57C8AA" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="66B2D0C7ED38D4372A4B21BD516E7612" ID-CoL="C69G" ID-ENA="496401" LSID="C1A875C9-524D-5265-8141-EAF9EDFCABDF" authority="Deans, 2003" authorityName="Deans" authorityYear="2003" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Alphomelon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alphomelon xestopyga" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xestopyga">Alphomelon xestopyga Deans, 2003</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8B67E354BEA0B4B7215271C68C944B78" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" type="description">
<paragraph id="2D382F54EFE5F5864B737F0572A15E91" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<figureCitation id="CB1C1CB78BDCF3EED1EED785CE79D5FA" captionStart="Figure 47" captionStartId="F47" captionText="Figure 47. Alphomelon xestopyga Deans female DHJPAR 0031632 A habitus, lateral B metasoma, lateral C head, frontal D wings E head, lateral F metasoma, dorsal G mesosoma, dorsal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1175.105068.figure47" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/893149" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Figs 47A-G</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="EC45F14509BF4238568C8A7A6E4D0057" captionStart="Figure 86" captionStartId="F86" captionText="Figure 86. Alphomelon xestopyga Deans female CNC 308749 A habitus, lateral B head, frontal C head, lateral D wings E metasoma, dorsal F mesosoma, dorsal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1175.105068.figure86" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/893188" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">, 86A-F</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="2754CAF54E3B06C3F21DD3DF73D5DA45" captionStart="Figure 87" captionStartId="F87" captionText="Figure 87. Alphomelon xestopyga Deans female CNC 721122 A habitus, lateral B head, frontal C antenna, lateral D wings E propodeum and metasoma, dorsal F mesosoma, dorsal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1175.105068.figure87" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/893189" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">, 87A-F</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="3098BD6EA05ACBB8EA96AC0489ACFA29" captionStart="Figure 88" captionStartId="F88" captionText="Figure 88. Alphomelon xestopyga Deans female CNC 1620777 A habitus, lateral B head, lateral C head, frontal D wings E metasoma, dorsal F head and mesosoma, dorsal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1175.105068.figure88" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/893190" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">, 88A-F</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="7405CF0B6D53755D8D4F737E97A6A7E5" captionStart="Figure 89" captionStartId="F89" captionText="Figure 89. Alphomelon xestopyga Deans holotype female USNMENT 00828302 A habitus, lateral B habitus, dorsal C close-up of habitus, lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1175.105068.figure89" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/893191" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">, 89A-C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="A8B3E6CF0CBEA4BFEDDCC2F8673B6B6D" captionStart="Figure 103" captionStartId="F103" captionText="Figure 103. Parasite cocoons and caterpillars A Alphomelon talidicida 17 - SRNP- 30054 - DHJ 735829 B Alphomelon xestopyga 16 - SRNP- 55580 - DHJ 492508." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1175.105068.figure103" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/893205" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">, 103B</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DF601433640F4A984B2532A5EBD55D10" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="AA3EDFE486DB9356F5C1588E6A1CBD76" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9FD756E7E6A2C18929EE234142994BAF" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Costa Rica (ACG).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="45D08BA7821440168E9C24AC954A87E1" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="63D45AF6C90931EFF26557164D009160" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D9FD5CF597AE093C6E71648962AA9754" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
Gregarious, reared from
<taxonomicName id="C8DC59561AC401C3FD5566F8C8F95C7E" class="Hexapoda" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Calpodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calpodes esperi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="esperi">
<emphasis id="59650C78C0993C284E9B7F1D51D0E32D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Calpodes esperi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="EAD9573D1A0B0B30B559D0193EC57ABB" lsidName="C. ethlius" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" rank="species" species="ethlius">
<emphasis id="CD3E6BB85A3B570CB94583A18DD5AD4F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">C. ethlius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="CEA9667CB09AA55797921D2333FC3B86" lsidName="C. fusta" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" rank="species" species="fusta">
<emphasis id="4C948E0BFEB8C9954689C35E80D702B6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">C. fusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="144326CE7CCDF57AC64A9309F09CCD1E" lsidName="C. severus" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" rank="species" species="severus">
<emphasis id="0D241CE3C06769238635A1A9C7470342" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">C. severus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="C8D6F470AFE9F2CF2DF3B89AC62D91DE" baseAuthorityName="Herrich-Schaffer" baseAuthorityYear="1869" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Cobalopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cobalopsis nero" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nero">
<emphasis id="26273D6158BF22895CDA165CB56E74A5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Cobalopsis nero</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B3F67F0258551D363AF2398883965014" baseAuthorityName="Moschler" baseAuthorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Cynea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cynea irma" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="irma">
<emphasis id="4A34F4F98D52947E324F7A9AD20B51F6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Cynea irma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="81C4796650D274E93C6B7267DDFEB2CF" baseAuthorityName="Mabille" baseAuthorityYear="1891" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Cymaenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymaenes odilia subsp. trebius" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthopoda" rank="subSpecies" species="odilia" subSpecies="trebius">
<emphasis id="BE31871099C9CB0F2D3FDE8FA5E98C44" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Cymaenes odilia trebius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="2041762BE3D5D95FE8DBFFA41A10769A" genus="C." lsidName="C." pageId="0" pageNumber="5" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4A1AE2A554B73330F40925AC4EA19BB6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">C.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Burns01,
<taxonomicName id="F4B467D1B92AC411D2C7D9B7E5ACC5D3" authority="joanna" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Joanna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Joanna joanna" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="joanna">
<emphasis id="F97F7EE916402496A8963B0DD17E8448" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Joanna joanna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="FA5B5EE64B5B810462BE5FCE9217396D" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1955" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Justinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Justinia norda" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="norda">
<emphasis id="2A4E89EC4BC1E757FE4D68F3377C650C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Justinia norda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="030EDAAAD3BCACA05DEA04215E7D10D3" class="Hexapoda" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Morys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Morys lyde" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lyde">
<emphasis id="16DA4437DB190C2FF6306BCC6382C10C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Morys lyde</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="E12C5793BE3D2F55F1F9E6CE22F90E33" lsidName="M. micythus" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" rank="species" species="micythus">
<emphasis id="AE38AE7132FF4089B51FA854B1A752B5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">M. micythus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="699C81A867869519B10FFDDF2BFE8269" lsidName="M. valerius subsp. valda" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" rank="subSpecies" species="valerius" subSpecies="valda">
<emphasis id="3C45A6001D19B8D2950979DE56AF52D6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">M. valerius valda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="BA26E95579BAECAD65AEAFEF6886EDFD" genus="M." lsidName="M." pageId="0" pageNumber="5" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A8FD93608F30CC18AF974052563304D3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">M.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lydeDHJ01,
<taxonomicName id="F5CACD886EFF246C4F077A141F497C20" genus="M." lsidName="M." pageId="0" pageNumber="5" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="443F0743E810D99ABD0F1FB5D85DB811" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">M.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lydeDHJ02,
<taxonomicName id="88066A34B0B76900CE2E6365BA454FD8" authorityName="Austin" authorityYear="1997" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Niconiades" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Niconiades incomptus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incomptus">
<emphasis id="3F959D75A3A9058A3F1BCF8495342325" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Niconiades incomptus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="CB03833A0E1BF407005FF160EBC6DF93" baseAuthorityName="Herrich-Schaffer" baseAuthorityYear="1869" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Parphorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parphorus decora" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decora">
<emphasis id="E31626AE1FEFF6D149720608F9276B31" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Parphorus decora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="E9AE10F7B73CEAD40CF4614407FCCD8B" baseAuthorityName="Herrich-Schaffer" baseAuthorityYear="1869" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Quinta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Quinta cannae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cannae">
<emphasis id="164579D67E0C3A1468D13116D7A5C62D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Quinta cannae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="7BC5519956E7023C2C85C4CE4D476AD8" lsidName="R. osca" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" rank="species" species="osca">
<emphasis id="4EE271E3B775412AC204AE6E66F14A51" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">R. osca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="6432857DB6B01C347B8372A33DE9B0F3" baseAuthorityName="Mabille" baseAuthorityYear="1883" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Synapte" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synapte salenus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salenus">
<emphasis id="F528C8F98A2E4AD83C549E29EA10D73B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Synapte salenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9DF86ACFEEEB51426BBB5A0B959C3047" lsidName="S. silius" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" rank="species" species="silius">
<emphasis id="657789CBCB87B800B3CBC83D35224C3B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">S. silius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="C619322B1BA99AF1C2E65FB61431AFC2" class="Insecta" family="Poaceae" genus="Vettius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vettius aurelius" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Liliopsida" rank="species" species="aurelius">
<emphasis id="0F00D9FC9FD4E1D118846B0266BC4FAE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Vettius aurelius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2F6A9D831725F100FAF172B056452747" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" type="dna barcoding">
<paragraph id="E2856C4316AE9F44A62D43809D24FD6C" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">DNA barcoding.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="97974DC8C1D51DD0F334E1A4ABE947E0" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">BINBOLD: AAA1634.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="11EA7EC9246D71C66967F5953F9EB4D5" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="AB81730DAF0535F4052799E1374C2168" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Other specimens examined</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E603707EB66D1D2332B78F2F2C3B6FF2" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
(
<specimenCount id="F745F3D7F2B7EB01947D42AF3A03D684" type="female">93 females</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="840E160442B35DBA0470B31CD2B1A87D" type="male">32 males</specimenCount>
): CNC308749, CNC308837, CNC308838, CNC308839, CNC308840 (additional specimens in a gel capsule associated with that specimen), DHJPAR0049842, CNC1620806, CNC1620807, CNC1620808, CNC1620809, CNC1620810, CNC1620811, DHJPAR0051223, CNC1620802, CNC1620803, CNC1620804, CNC1620805, DHJPAR0031632, DHJPAR0053792, DHJPAR0053789, DHJPAR0053751, CNC1620772, CNC1620773, CNC1620774, CNC1620775, CNC1620776, DHJPAR0053767, CNC1620777, DHJPAR0020278, CNC958681, CNC958682 (additional specimens in a gel capsule associated with that specimen), DHJPAR0053760, CNC1620778, CNC1620779, CNC1620780, CNC1620781, CNC1620782 (additional specimens in a gel capsule associated with that specimen), CNC1620783, CNC1620784, CNC1620785, CNC1620786, CNC1620787, CNC1620788, CNC1620789, CNC1620790, DHJPAR0031616, DHJPAR0031735, DHJPAR0031620, DHJPAR0052957, CNC1620791, CNC1620792, CNC1620793, DHJPAR0053758, CNC1620794, CNC1620795, CNC1620796, CNC1620797, CNC1620798, CNC1620812, CNC1620813, CNC1620814, CNC1620815, CNC1620816, CNC1620817, CNC1620818, CNC1620819, CNC1620820, CNC1620821, CNC1620822, CNC1620823, CNC1620824, CNC1620825, CNC1620826, CNC1620827, CNC1620828, CNC1620829, CNC1620830, CNC1802047, CNC1802048, DHJPAR0053755, CNC1620837, CNC1620831, CNC1620832, CNC1620833, CNC1620834, CNC1620835, CNC1620836, CNC1620799, CNC1620800, CNC1620838, CNC1620839, CNC1620840, CNC1620801, CNC1620841, CNC1620842, CNC1620843, CNC1620844, CNC721102, CNC721114, CNC721118, CNC721119, CNC721122, CNC721123, CNC721125, CNCHYM 00061, CNC721103, CNC721104, CNC721106, CNC721107, CNC721108, CNC721112, CNC721101, CNC721113, CNC721115, CNC721116, CNC721117, CNC721120, CNC721121, CNC721124, CNC721126, CNC280525, CNC721105, CNC721109, CNC721110, CNC721111.
</paragraph>
<caption id="29F138ACFF3E68F2E7C9EA5AF574AEDD" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1175.105068.figure86" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/893188" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" start="Figure 86" startId="F86">
<paragraph id="D74E68F7EC7A82F25DF6F52BB8E6CDBA" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="84E0895D393181FAE128F318F1E20F70" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Figure 86.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3F1969D91D147BC73AC2EC1CA9C825A8" authorityName="Deans" authorityYear="2003" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Alphomelon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alphomelon xestopyga" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xestopyga">
<emphasis id="7116BC9A120279D323320E371F1E993D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Alphomelon xestopyga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Deans female CNC308749
<emphasis id="4FEECD4F4A2DEF64025E4E7D53F0AA04" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">A</emphasis>
habitus, lateral
<emphasis id="66D22D1EA038976348B6AF5475FFE311" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">B</emphasis>
head, frontal
<emphasis id="73B2F8804F9E4E25C2C61561C9C42A99" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">C</emphasis>
head, lateral
<emphasis id="F2D2F31A3BB5171416E9551C1FB6F08D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">D</emphasis>
wings
<emphasis id="354CEFF05748DC246A95AA179CEA0659" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">E</emphasis>
metasoma, dorsal
<emphasis id="602DD25F995D911BCB766AB826400084" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">F</emphasis>
mesosoma, dorsal.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9EEAA9C130A362E61D37A27E64D613DA" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" type="notes">
<paragraph id="D395D2F39F0CB801D2E5CDF9EAD55039" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="32728D0F5C47B312D2555A0E08F78B43" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
There are some differences between
<taxonomicName id="2A9F0DE892C919C050F83FEDC5A1D52F" lsidName="A. xestopyga" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" rank="species" species="xestopyga">
<emphasis id="81DAF904FB191D3A9EF7763ED661858E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">A. xestopyga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the sense of
<bibRefCitation id="0FB616252459F6B2F844E7E6AC2C7D8D" author="Deans, AR" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Hymenoptera Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 41" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/32897" refId="B3" refString="Deans, AR, Whitfield, JB, Janzen, DH, 2003. Taxonomy and natural history of the Microgastrinae genus Alphomelon Mason (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 12 (1): 1 - 41, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/32897" title="Taxonomy and natural history of the Microgastrinae genus Alphomelon Mason (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/32897" volume="12" year="2003">Deans et al. (2003)</bibRefCitation>
and the ACG specimens identified as such that we have been able to examine. The species clearly comprises a complex of species, with some specimens we have seen in the CNC collection from other countries besides Costa Rica. Solving this potential complex will require obtaining more DNA barcodes, especially from areas outside of ACG.
</paragraph>
<caption id="069197C03A8EFD057352FFBD631097D3" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1175.105068.figure87" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/893189" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" start="Figure 87" startId="F87">
<paragraph id="0B141602166AFAC189B297002F2579A6" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="8C02700C43885C916D63A58F3BFD5801" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Figure 87.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="41B40250C3C884211F6C8E454278E18D" authorityName="Deans" authorityYear="2003" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Alphomelon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alphomelon xestopyga" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xestopyga">
<emphasis id="3FF1636DA29AADCC53504EC24341BF7E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Alphomelon xestopyga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Deans female CNC721122
<emphasis id="1D3BE6F99926B7DE0DB816F80DEC06D1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">A</emphasis>
habitus, lateral
<emphasis id="1A7AC4675F86BE3B00966BC2E0D86380" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">B</emphasis>
head, frontal
<emphasis id="D589190E537559E695542D1FD02F823B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">C</emphasis>
antenna, lateral
<emphasis id="982CB6AB77697189C9DF642A53ED4DD9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">D</emphasis>
wings
<emphasis id="C5EA143E4D4C3FFA2E9216BF2AFEDD3C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">E</emphasis>
propodeum and metasoma, dorsal
<emphasis id="665A1A518422B07AE911403D22C85E7B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">F</emphasis>
mesosoma, dorsal.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="CA20887A590C69908D8A1BF34B383DB7" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1175.105068.figure88" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/893190" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" start="Figure 88" startId="F88">
<paragraph id="B7F8BC2C49DACB67F219FDB173922D8B" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="882785EA579A389FDB35C46830ABD58C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Figure 88.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="FFB43828DFE5344AC7F741EB41506595" authorityName="Deans" authorityYear="2003" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Alphomelon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alphomelon xestopyga" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xestopyga">
<emphasis id="32AFE2B30072374BE6381B77E42C3CF1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Alphomelon xestopyga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Deans female CNC1620777
<emphasis id="7DA329EBFB1BBB12A7F18977655F68D8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">A</emphasis>
habitus, lateral
<emphasis id="81DF30BA0F41F4926614C23135F57D43" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">B</emphasis>
head, lateral
<emphasis id="78A6533DCEA3EE8D20AB5596526FC210" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">C</emphasis>
head, frontal
<emphasis id="35066F8A1B7D5BDE7C340618179F3C6A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">D</emphasis>
wings
<emphasis id="679670355B0B48191EACD8C28152B0BE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">E</emphasis>
metasoma, dorsal
<emphasis id="B8B9F6E819C8044F1AAD9965786EEE02" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">F</emphasis>
head and mesosoma, dorsal.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="BE90C7E367767DE4E3A0CB3F01D77D67" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1175.105068.figure89" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/893191" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" start="Figure 89" startId="F89">
<paragraph id="3795CA70E1D3005341C9364FF0FF972C" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="618CA8CBF4F48783E677A9A4F89F9DDB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Figure 89.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8275C47BCA1472B237599BAA0A0F3265" authorityName="Deans" authorityYear="2003" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Alphomelon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alphomelon xestopyga" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xestopyga">
<emphasis id="95438A682C3D58D03565AA632E659E14" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Alphomelon xestopyga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Deans holotype female USNMENT00828302
<emphasis id="6DF3F3FFE609CAD2F68EFE88859AB7E6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">A</emphasis>
habitus, lateral
<emphasis id="CAB83F27F3F10C09AEF1B7E6307FB885" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">B</emphasis>
habitus, dorsal
<emphasis id="BC6F9E6ECABA6360316082DFECBE9F1D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">C</emphasis>
close-up of habitus, lateral.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>