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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.2.e1112" ID-PMC="PMC4152837" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828--1112" ID-PubMed="25197232" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1314-2828--e1112" ModsDocOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal " ModsDocTitle="Aspilota-group (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Alysiinae) diversity in Mediterranean Natural Parks of Spain" checkinTime="1553126734370" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Peris-Felipo, Francisco Javier, Belokobylskij, Sergey A, Falco-Gari, Jose Vicente &amp; Jimenez-Peydro, Ricardo" docDate="2014" docId="C19EB5F2B6D9AAA50898C16EA008AE89" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 2: e1112" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 2" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.2.e1112" docTitle="Dinotrema fischerianum Peris-Felipo 2013" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="1112" masterDocId="1B193C13B2382517E875FFDFB03CFF95" masterDocTitle="Aspilota-group (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Alysiinae) diversity in Mediterranean Natural Parks of Spain" masterLastPageNumber="1112" masterPageNumber="1112" pageNumber="1112" updateTime="1668126078872" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Aspilota-group (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Alysiinae) diversity in Mediterranean Natural Parks of Spain</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Peris-Felipo, Francisco Javier</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Belokobylskij, Sergey A</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Falco-Gari, Jose Vicente</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Jimenez-Peydro, Ricardo</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Biodiversity Data Journal</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1112</mods:start>
<mods:end>1112</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.2.e1112</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.2.e1112</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2828--1112</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C19EB5F2B6D9AAA50898C16EA008AE89" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C19EB5F2B6D9AAA50898C16EA008AE89" lastPageNumber="1112" pageId="0" pageNumber="1112">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1112" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1112">
<taxonomicName authority="Peris-Felipo, 2013" authorityName="Peris-Felipo" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Dinotrema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dinotrema fischerianum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fischerianum">Dinotrema fischerianum Peris-Felipo, 2013</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1112" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1112">Materials</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1112">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2007-04-25" collectingMethod="Malaise trap" collectionCode="ENV" country="Spain" latitude="38.647503" location="Alcoi, Natural Park of Carrascal de La Font Roja" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="-0.54611117" pageId="0" pageNumber="1112" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="Holotype">
Type status:
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="1112">Holotype</typeStatus>
. Occurrence: individualCount:
<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="1112">1</specimenCount>
; sex:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="1112">female</specimenType>
; Location: country:
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="1112">Spain</collectingCountry>
; stateProvince: Alicante; locality:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C19EB5F2B6D9AAA50898C16EA008AE89:E4AE7A037963FB3375185622A710D853" country="Spain" latitude="38.647503" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="-0.54611117" name="Alcoi, Natural Park of Carrascal de La Font Roja" pageId="0" pageNumber="1112">Alcoi, Natural Park of Carrascal de La Font Roja</location>
; verbatimElevation:
<elevation pageId="0" pageNumber="1112">1072 m</elevation>
; verbatimLatitude:
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="38.647503">38°38'51''N</geoCoordinate>
; verbatimLongitude:
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-0.54611117">000°32'46''W</geoCoordinate>
; Identification: identifiedBy:
<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="1112">F. J. Peris-Felipo</determinerName>
; Event: samplingProtocol:
<collectingMethod pageId="0" pageNumber="1112">Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
; eventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="1112" value="2007-04-25">2007-04-25</collectingDate>
; Record Level: institutionCode:
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="1112">ENV</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2004-05-13" collectingMethod="Malaise trap" collectionCode="ZISP" country="Spain" latitude="38.647503" location="Alcoi, Natural Park of Carrascal de La Font Roja" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="-0.54611117" pageId="0" pageNumber="1112" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="Paratype">
Type status:
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="1112">Paratype</typeStatus>
. Occurrence: individualCount:
<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="1112">1</specimenCount>
; sex:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="1112">female</specimenType>
; Location: country:
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="1112">Spain</collectingCountry>
; stateProvince: Alicante; locality:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C19EB5F2B6D9AAA50898C16EA008AE89:DEA3ABA53F2E2113758E96A69E3D4707" country="Spain" latitude="38.647503" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="-0.54611117" name="Alcoi, Natural Park of Carrascal de La Font Roja" pageId="0" pageNumber="1112">Alcoi, Natural Park of Carrascal de La Font Roja</location>
; verbatimElevation:
<elevation pageId="0" pageNumber="1112">1072 m</elevation>
; verbatimLatitude:
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="38.647503">38°38'51''N</geoCoordinate>
; verbatimLongitude:
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-0.54611117">000°32'46''W</geoCoordinate>
; Identification: identifiedBy:
<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="1112">F. J. Peris-Felipo</determinerName>
; Event: samplingProtocol:
<collectingMethod pageId="0" pageNumber="1112">Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
; eventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="1112" value="2004-05-13">2004-05-13</collectingDate>
; Record Level: institutionCode:
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="1112">ZISP</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2007-04-23" collectingMethod="Malaise trap" collectionCode="ENV" country="Spain" latitude="40.656113" location="Pobla de Benifassa, Natural Park of Tinenca de Benifassa" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="-0.15694445" pageId="0" pageNumber="1112" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="Paratype">
Type status:
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="1112">Paratype</typeStatus>
. Occurrence: individualCount:
<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="1112">1</specimenCount>
; sex:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="1112">female</specimenType>
; Location: country:
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="1112">Spain</collectingCountry>
; stateProvince:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Castellón">Castellon</normalizedToken>
; locality:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C19EB5F2B6D9AAA50898C16EA008AE89:A8063AAF10FBBBDF4608F11981E643AA" country="Spain" latitude="40.656113" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="-0.15694445" name="Pobla de Benifassa, Natural Park of Tinenca de Benifassa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1112">
Pobla de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Benifassà">Benifassa</normalizedToken>
, Natural Park of
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tinença">Tinenca</normalizedToken>
de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Benifassà">Benifassa</normalizedToken>
</location>
; verbatimElevation:
<elevation pageId="0" pageNumber="1112">662 m</elevation>
; verbatimLatitude:
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="40.656113">40°39'22''N</geoCoordinate>
; verbatimLongitude:
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-0.15694445">000°9'25''W</geoCoordinate>
; Identification: identifiedBy:
<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="1112">F. J. Peris-Felipo</determinerName>
; Event: samplingProtocol:
<collectingMethod pageId="0" pageNumber="1112">Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
; eventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="1112" value="2007-04-23">2007-04-23</collectingDate>
; Record Level: institutionCode:
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="1112">ENV</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1112" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1112">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1112">Spain.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.152.50611" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4ed37bf0-64aa-4501-849d-2d8436e391b1" ID-PMC="PMC7360658" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-152-121" ID-Pensoft-UUID="B7B24BDA9F51554FA92212287345B732" ID-PubMed="32733137" ModsDocID="1314-2003-152-121" checkinTime="1594199329494" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Rossetto, Elson Felipe Sandoli &amp; Caraballo-Ortiz, Marcos A." docDate="2020" docId="C19ECE5C24D358629B2C4D265FAA9A34" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 152: 121-136" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 152" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.152.50611" docTitle="Rockia Heimerl, Oesterr. Bot. Z. 63: 289. 1913" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="B7B24BDA9F51554FA92212287345B732" lastPageNumber="121" masterDocId="B7B24BDA9F51554FA92212287345B732" masterDocTitle="Splitting the Pisonia birdcatcher trees: re-establishment of Ceodes and Rockia (Nyctaginaceae, Pisonieae)" masterLastPageNumber="136" masterPageNumber="121" pageNumber="121" updateTime="1668139860055" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Splitting the Pisonia birdcatcher trees: re-establishment of Ceodes and Rockia (Nyctaginaceae, Pisonieae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Rossetto, Elson Felipe Sandoli</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Departamento de Biologia Animal e Vegetal, Centro de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Campus Universitario, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445, Km 380, 86057 - 970, Londrina, PR, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">rossetto.felipe@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Caraballo-Ortiz, Marcos A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany, MRC 166, Washington, DC 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4063-3657</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>152</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>121</mods:start>
<mods:end>136</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.152.50611</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.152.50611</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-152-121</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">B7B24BDA9F51554FA92212287345B732</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="164983749" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C19ECE5C24D358629B2C4D265FAA9A34" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C19ECE5C24D358629B2C4D265FAA9A34" lastPageNumber="121" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="121" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
<taxonomicName LSID="C19ECE5C-24D3-5862-9B2C-4D265FAA9A34" authority="Heimerl, Oesterr. Bot. Z. 63: 289. 1913." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nyctaginaceae" genus="Rockia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rockia" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Rockia Heimerl, Oesterr. Bot. Z. 63: 289. 1913.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="121" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. sandwicensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="species" species="sandwicensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">R. sandwicensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Hillebr.) Heimerl.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="121" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Habit and phyllotaxy</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Dioecious trees or shrubs, leaves (sub)opposite or (sub)verticillate clustered at apex of branches.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Inflorescence</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Axillary, terminal, arranged in compound cymes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Flowers</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Unisexual (with vestiges of another sex), sessile, with one bract and two bracteoles present at the base, male perianth campanulate, stamens 10-26, exserted (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Field images for representative species of Ceodes, Pisonia and Rockia (Nyctaginaceae) from the Pacific Islands A Ceodes taitensis. Branch with pistillate flowers B Ceodes brunoniana. Ripe anthocarps (fruits) exuding sticky secretions (arrow) C, D Ceodes umbellifera. Branch with ripe anthocarps (C) and staminate flowers at anthesis (D) E, F Pisonia grandis R. Br. Staminate flowers at anthesis (E) and ripe anthocarps (F) G-I Rockia sandwicensis. Staminate (G) and pistillate (H) flowers at anthesis and ripe anthocarps (I) Photo credits: A, F by J. - Y. Meyer B by L. Jensen C by C. - I Peng D, E, I by F. Starr and K. Starr G, H by K. Magnacca." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.152.50611.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/428753" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">2G</figureCitation>
), female perianth tubular or fusiform (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Field images for representative species of Ceodes, Pisonia and Rockia (Nyctaginaceae) from the Pacific Islands A Ceodes taitensis. Branch with pistillate flowers B Ceodes brunoniana. Ripe anthocarps (fruits) exuding sticky secretions (arrow) C, D Ceodes umbellifera. Branch with ripe anthocarps (C) and staminate flowers at anthesis (D) E, F Pisonia grandis R. Br. Staminate flowers at anthesis (E) and ripe anthocarps (F) G-I Rockia sandwicensis. Staminate (G) and pistillate (H) flowers at anthesis and ripe anthocarps (I) Photo credits: A, F by J. - Y. Meyer B by L. Jensen C by C. - I Peng D, E, I by F. Starr and K. Starr G, H by K. Magnacca." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.152.50611.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/428753" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">2H</figureCitation>
), stigma fimbriate, exserted.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
<taxonomicName genus="Anthocarp" lsidName="Anthocarp" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Anthocarp</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Leathery, elongated fusiform, with 5 ribs covered by inconspicuous glands excreting sticky substances (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Field images for representative species of Ceodes, Pisonia and Rockia (Nyctaginaceae) from the Pacific Islands A Ceodes taitensis. Branch with pistillate flowers B Ceodes brunoniana. Ripe anthocarps (fruits) exuding sticky secretions (arrow) C, D Ceodes umbellifera. Branch with ripe anthocarps (C) and staminate flowers at anthesis (D) E, F Pisonia grandis R. Br. Staminate flowers at anthesis (E) and ripe anthocarps (F) G-I Rockia sandwicensis. Staminate (G) and pistillate (H) flowers at anthesis and ripe anthocarps (I) Photo credits: A, F by J. - Y. Meyer B by L. Jensen C by C. - I Peng D, E, I by F. Starr and K. Starr G, H by K. Magnacca." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.152.50611.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/428753" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">2I</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Comparison of size and morphology of ripe fruits (anthocarps) amongst members of Ceodes, Pisonia and Rockia (Nyctaginaceae). The outline of infructescences are shown below each anthocarp A Ceodes brunoniana (based on St. John 11272 (US- 01258187 )) B Ceodes longirostris (based on Brass 2972 (HUH- 00046918 )). Note the extremely long rostrum at the tip of the anthocarp (indicated with an arrow) C Ceodes umbellifera (based on Foxworthy 593 (US- 03661041 )) D Pisonia aculeata L. (based on Caraballo 3464 (IJ )) E Pisonia grandis (based on Fosberg 24357 (US- 00959523 )) F Rockia sandwicensis (based on Lorence 6305 (US- 00452890 )). Illustration credit: Ramos Sepulveda." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.152.50611.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/428754" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">3F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Pollen.</emphasis>
Tricolpate, with 3 apertures distant 120° from each other.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">
<taxonomicName genus="Perisperm" lsidName="Perisperm" pageId="0" pageNumber="121" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="121">Perisperm</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Abundant, gelatinous.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Smith, Sarah M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Beaver, Roger A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>161 / 2 Mu 5, Soi Wat Pranon, T. Donkaew, A. Maerim, Chiangmai 50180, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Cognato, Anthony I.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>983</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>442</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-983-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">7DED4CE2934C4539945F758930C927F9</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">C890C7FD4B2D57A8B1A062305ED42D53</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="168754775" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C19EFD58FC4901D5F0881421B5A26273" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C19EFD58FC4901D5F0881421B5A26273" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authority="(Fabricius, 1775)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus volvulus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="volvulus">Xyleborus volvulus (Fabricius, 1775)</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 91" captionStartId="F91" captionText="Figure 91. Dorsal, lateral and declivital view of Xyleborus singhi paratype, 1.9 - 2.4 mm (A, B, I), X. sunisae holotype, 2.7 - 2.75 mm (C, D, J), X. volvulus, 2.5 mm (E, F, K), and X. yunnanensis paratype, 2.7 - 2.75 mm (G, H, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.983.52630.figure91" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/470891" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 91E, F, K</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Bostrichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bostrichus volvulus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="volvulus">Bostrichus volvulus</taxonomicName>
Fabricius, 1775: 454.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hylesinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hylesinus volvulus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="volvulus">Hylesinus volvulus</taxonomicName>
(Fabricius):
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.137098" author="Fabricius, JC" journalOrPublisher="Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species Adjectis Synonimis, Locis, Observationibus, Descriptionibus. Tomus I. Pars II. Hafniae: C. G. Proft" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B157" refString="Fabricius, JC, 1801. Systema Eleutheratorum Secundum Ordines, Genera, Species; Adiectis Synonimis, Locis, Observationibus, Descriptionibus, Tomus II. Kiliae: Bibliopoli Academici Novi, 687 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.137098" title="Systema Eleutheratorum Secundum Ordines, Genera, Species; Adiectis Synonimis, Locis, Observationibus, Descriptionibus, Tomus II. Kiliae: Bibliopoli Academici Novi, 687 pp." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.137098" year="1801">Fabricius 1801</bibRefCitation>
: 394.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus volvulus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="volvulus">Xyleborus volvulus</taxonomicName>
(Fabricius):
<bibRefCitation author="Eggers, H" journalOrPublisher="Wiener Entomologische Zeitung" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="41 - 55" refId="B120" refString="Eggers, H, 1929. Zur Synonymie der Borkenkaefer (Ipidae, Col) I. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung 46: 41 - 55" title="Zur Synonymie der Borkenkaefer (Ipidae, Col) I." volume="46" year="1929">Eggers 1929</bibRefCitation>
: 47.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Eichhoff" authorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus torquatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="torquatus">Xyleborus torquatus</taxonomicName>
Eichhoff, 1868b: 146. Synonymy:
<bibRefCitation author="Wood, SL" journalOrPublisher="Insects of Micronesia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 73" refId="B474" refString="Wood, SL, 1960. Coleoptera: Platypodidae and Scolytidae. Insects of Micronesia 18: 1 - 73" title="Coleoptera: Platypodidae and Scolytidae." volume="18" year="1960">Wood 1960</bibRefCitation>
: 69.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Eichhoff" authorityYear="1869" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus alternans" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alternans">Xyleborus alternans</taxonomicName>
Eichhoff, 1869: 280. Synonymy:
<bibRefCitation author="Eggers, H" journalOrPublisher="Wiener Entomologische Zeitung" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="41 - 55" refId="B120" refString="Eggers, H, 1929. Zur Synonymie der Borkenkaefer (Ipidae, Col) I. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung 46: 41 - 55" title="Zur Synonymie der Borkenkaefer (Ipidae, Col) I." volume="46" year="1929">Eggers 1929</bibRefCitation>
: 43.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus badius" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="badius">Xyleborus badius</taxonomicName>
Eichhoff, 1869: 280. Synonymy:
<bibRefCitation author="Wood, SL" journalOrPublisher="Insects of Micronesia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 73" refId="B474" refString="Wood, SL, 1960. Coleoptera: Platypodidae and Scolytidae. Insects of Micronesia 18: 1 - 73" title="Coleoptera: Platypodidae and Scolytidae." volume="18" year="1960">Wood 1960</bibRefCitation>
: 69.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Eichhoff" authorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus interstitialis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="interstitialis">Xyleborus interstitialis</taxonomicName>
Eichhoff, 1878b: 375. Synonymy:
<bibRefCitation author="Wood, SL" journalOrPublisher="Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 1359" refId="B483" refString="Wood, SL, 1982. The bark and ambrosia beetles of North and Central America (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), a taxonomic monograph. Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs 8: 1 - 1359" title="The bark and ambrosia beetles of North and Central America (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), a taxonomic monograph." volume="8" year="1982">Wood 1982</bibRefCitation>
: 833.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus guanajuatensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guanajuatensis">Xyleborus guanajuatensis</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dugès">Duges</normalizedToken>
, 1887: 141. Synonymy:
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.4489" author="Wood, SL" journalOrPublisher="The Great Basin Naturalist" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="647 - 659" refId="B484" refString="Wood, SL, 1983. New synonymy and new species of American bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), Part IX. The Great Basin Naturalist 43: 647 - 659, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.4489" title="New synonymy and new species of American bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), Part IX." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.4489" volume="43" year="1983">Wood 1983</bibRefCitation>
: 650.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hopkins" authorityYear="1915" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus grenadensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grenadensis">Xyleborus grenadensis</taxonomicName>
Hopkins, 1915a: 62, 65. Synonymy:
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.25774" author="Wood, SL" journalOrPublisher="Great Basin Naturalist" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="190 - 201" refId="B477" refString="Wood, SL, 1972. New synonymy in American bark beetles (Scolytidae: Coleoptera), Part II. Great Basin Naturalist 32: 190 - 201, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.25774" title="New synonymy in American bark beetles (Scolytidae: Coleoptera), Part II." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.25774" volume="32" year="1972">Wood 1972</bibRefCitation>
: 200.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hopkins" authorityYear="1915" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus hubbardi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hubbardi">Xyleborus hubbardi</taxonomicName>
Hopkins, 1915a: 62, 65. Synonymy:
<bibRefCitation author="Schedl, KE" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin - Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B381" refString="Schedl, KE, 1952d. Zur synonymie der Borkenkaefer I. Entomologische Blaetter 47/48: 158-164." title="Zur synonymie der Borkenkaefer I. Entomologische Blaetter 47 / 48: 158 - 164." year="1952 d">Schedl 1952d</bibRefCitation>
: 164.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hopkins" authorityYear="1915" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus rileyi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rileyi">Xyleborus rileyi</taxonomicName>
Hopkins, 1915a: 62, 65. Synonymy:
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent1001288-12" author="Bright, DE" journalOrPublisher="The Canadian Entomologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1288 - 1323" refId="B55" refString="Bright, DE, 1968. Review of the tribe Xyleborini in America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). The Canadian Entomologist 100: 1288 - 1323, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent1001288-12" title="Review of the tribe Xyleborini in America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent1001288-12" volume="100" year="1968">Bright 1968</bibRefCitation>
: 1318.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hopkins" authorityYear="1915" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus schwarzi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schwarzi">Xyleborus schwarzi</taxonomicName>
Hopkins, 1915a: 62, 65. Synonymy:
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent1001288-12" author="Bright, DE" journalOrPublisher="The Canadian Entomologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1288 - 1323" refId="B55" refString="Bright, DE, 1968. Review of the tribe Xyleborini in America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). The Canadian Entomologist 100: 1288 - 1323, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent1001288-12" title="Review of the tribe Xyleborini in America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent1001288-12" volume="100" year="1968">Bright 1968</bibRefCitation>
: 1318.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Eggers" authorityYear="1920" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus continentalis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="continentalis">Xyleborus continentalis</taxonomicName>
Eggers, 1920: 42. Synonymy:
<bibRefCitation author="Beaver, RA" journalOrPublisher="Koleopterologische Rundschau" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="277 - 289" refId="B18" refString="Beaver, RA, 2011. New synonymy and taxonomic changes in bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae, Platypodinae). Koleopterologische Rundschau 81: 277 - 289" title="New synonymy and taxonomic changes in bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae, Platypodinae)." volume="81" year="2011">Beaver 2011</bibRefCitation>
: 285.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Beeson" authorityYear="1929" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus silvestris" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestris">Xyleborus silvestris</taxonomicName>
Beeson, 1929: 241. Synonymy:
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.22642" author="Wood, SL" journalOrPublisher="The Great Basin Naturalist" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="167 - 185" refId="B487" refString="Wood, SL, 1989. Nomenclatural changes and new species of Scolytidae (Coleoptera), part IV. The Great Basin Naturalist 49: 167 - 185, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.22642" title="Nomenclatural changes and new species of Scolytidae (Coleoptera), part IV." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.22642" volume="49" year="1989">Wood 1989</bibRefCitation>
: 177.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schedl" authorityYear="1948" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus vagabundus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vagabundus">Xyleborus vagabundus</taxonomicName>
Schedl, 1949: 277. Synonymy:
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.25774" author="Wood, SL" journalOrPublisher="Great Basin Naturalist" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="190 - 201" refId="B477" refString="Wood, SL, 1972. New synonymy in American bark beetles (Scolytidae: Coleoptera), Part II. Great Basin Naturalist 32: 190 - 201, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.25774" title="New synonymy in American bark beetles (Scolytidae: Coleoptera), Part II." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.25774" volume="32" year="1972">Wood 1972</bibRefCitation>
: 200.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schedl" authorityYear="1950" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus granularis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granularis">Xyleborus granularis</taxonomicName>
Schedl, 1950b: 898. Synonymy:
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.22642" author="Wood, SL" journalOrPublisher="The Great Basin Naturalist" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="167 - 185" refId="B487" refString="Wood, SL, 1989. Nomenclatural changes and new species of Scolytidae (Coleoptera), part IV. The Great Basin Naturalist 49: 167 - 185, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.22642" title="Nomenclatural changes and new species of Scolytidae (Coleoptera), part IV." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.22642" volume="49" year="1989">Wood 1989</bibRefCitation>
: 177.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Eggers" authorityYear="1920" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus continentalis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="continentalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xyleborus continentalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MFNB).
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Beeson" authorityYear="1929" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus silvestris" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xyleborus silvestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(NHMUK).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
2.5 mm long (mean = 2.5 mm; n = 5); 3.13
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the protibiae obliquely triangular, broadest at distal 1/3; declivity smooth, shiny (specimen must be dry); declivital interstriae 1 and 3 armed with two or three pairs of moderate tubercles; interstriae 2 sparsely granulate along its entire length; and elytra unicolored.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
This species is almost identical to
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. perforans" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="perforans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. perforans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is distinguished by its stouter form (2.67-2.89
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as wide), and interstriae 2 granules only present at declivity summit.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="similar species">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Similar species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Eichhoff" authorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus affinis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xyleborus affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. cognatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="cognatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. cognatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. ferrugineus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ferrugineus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. ferrugineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. festivus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="festivus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. festivus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. perforans" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="perforans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. perforans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. pfeilii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pfeilii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. pfeilii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Probably of American origin (
<bibRefCitation author="Wood, SL" journalOrPublisher="Bean Life Science Museum, Provo" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B489" refString="Wood, SL, 2007. Bark and Ambrosia Beetles of South America (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Brigham Young University, M.L. Bean Life Science Museum, Provo" title="Bark and Ambrosia Beetles of South America (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Brigham Young University, M. L." year="2007">Wood 2007</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-016-0610-7" author="Gohli, J" journalOrPublisher="BMC Evolutionary Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 37" refId="B171" refString="Gohli, J, Selvarajah, T, Kirkendall, LR, Jordal, BH, 2016. Globally distributed Xyleborus species reveal recurrent intercontinental dispersal in a landscape of ancient worldwide distributions. BMC Evolutionary Biology 16: 1 - 37, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-016-0610-7" title="Globally distributed Xyleborus species reveal recurrent intercontinental dispersal in a landscape of ancient worldwide distributions." url="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-016-0610-7" volume="16" year="2016">Gohli et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
) but now in temperate and tropical regions around the world. In the study region recorded from India (Nicobar Is), Bangladesh, Myanmar, Taiwan, Thailand.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="host">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Host plants.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Strongly polyphagous (
<bibRefCitation author="Browne, FG" journalOrPublisher="Malayan Forest Records" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 255" refId="B70" refString="Browne, FG, 1961b. The biology of Malayan Scolytidae and Platypodidae. Malayan Forest Records 22: 1 - 255" title="The biology of Malayan Scolytidae and Platypodidae." volume="22" year="1961 b">Browne 1961b</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Schedl, KE" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Entomologia de Mocambique" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 594" refId="B399" refString="Schedl, KE, 1963a. Scolytidae und Platypodidae Afrikas. Band II. Familie Scolytidae (Fortsetzung), Unterfamilie Ipinae (Fortsetzung). Revista de Entomologia de Mocambique 5: 1 - 594" title="Scolytidae und Platypodidae Afrikas. Band II. Familie Scolytidae (Fortsetzung), Unterfamilie Ipinae (Fortsetzung)." volume="5" year="1963 a">Schedl 1963a</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. torquatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="torquatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. torquatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens from Southeast Asia were not available for examination. The measurements and diagnosis are based on specimens from Panama (Panama) and the United States (Florida).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Wood, SL" journalOrPublisher="The Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 1553" refId="B490" refString="Wood, SL, Bright, DE, 1992. A catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera), Part 2: Taxonomic index. The Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs 13: 1 - 1553" title="A catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera), Part 2: Taxonomic index." volume="13" year="1992">Wood and Bright (1992)</bibRefCitation>
considered reports of the species ranging from Southeast Asia to the Southwest Pacific as referring to
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. perforans" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="perforans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. perforans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Some of the records from the countries of the study region given above may refer to
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. perforans" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="perforans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. perforans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3875.1.1" author="Beaver, RA" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 82" refId="B26" refString="Beaver, RA, Sittichaya, W, Liu, L-Y, 2014. A synopsis of the scolytine ambrosia beetles of Thailand (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Zootaxa 3875: 1 - 82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3875.1.1" title="A synopsis of the scolytine ambrosia beetles of Thailand (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3875.1.1" volume="3875" year="2014">Beaver et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
). However, molecular studies have confirmed that the species does occur in Bangladesh and Thailand (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-016-0610-7" author="Gohli, J" journalOrPublisher="BMC Evolutionary Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 37" refId="B171" refString="Gohli, J, Selvarajah, T, Kirkendall, LR, Jordal, BH, 2016. Globally distributed Xyleborus species reveal recurrent intercontinental dispersal in a landscape of ancient worldwide distributions. BMC Evolutionary Biology 16: 1 - 37, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-016-0610-7" title="Globally distributed Xyleborus species reveal recurrent intercontinental dispersal in a landscape of ancient worldwide distributions." url="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-016-0610-7" volume="16" year="2016">Gohli et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Wood, SL" journalOrPublisher="The Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 1553" refId="B490" refString="Wood, SL, Bright, DE, 1992. A catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera), Part 2: Taxonomic index. The Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs 13: 1 - 1553" title="A catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera), Part 2: Taxonomic index." volume="13" year="1992">Wood and Bright (1992)</bibRefCitation>
postulated that
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. pfeilii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pfeilii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. pfeilii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a synonym of
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. volvulus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="volvulus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. volvulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and this was further suggested by
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.768.24697" author="Gomez, DF" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="19 - 68" refId="B175" refString="Gomez, DF, Rabaglia, RJ, Fairbanks, KEO, Hulcr, J, 2018a. North American Xyleborini north of Mexico: a review and key to genera and species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae). ZooKeys 768: 19 - 68, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.768.24697" title="North American Xyleborini north of Mexico: a review and key to genera and species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.768.24697" volume="768" year="2018 a">Gomez et al. (2018a)</bibRefCitation>
. Though appearing quite similar, the protibiae of these species are different. That of
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. pfeilii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pfeilii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. pfeilii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinctly triangular while that of
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. volvulus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="volvulus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. volvulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is obliquely triangular. Analysis of COI and CAD sequences has also shown that these species are separate lineages (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2020.00027" author="Cognato, AI" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B102" refString="Cognato, AI, Sari, G, Smith, SM, Beaver, RA, Li, Y, Hulcr, J, Jordal, BH, Kajimura, H, Lin, C-S, Pham, TH, Singh, S, Sittichaya, W, 2020b. The essential role of taxonomic expertise in the creation of DNA databases for the identification and delimitation of Southeast Asian ambrosia beetle species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Xyleborini). Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2020.00027" title="The essential role of taxonomic expertise in the creation of DNA databases for the identification and delimitation of Southeast Asian ambrosia beetle species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Xyleborini). Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 8." url="https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2020.00027" year="2020 b">Cognato et al. 2020b</bibRefCitation>
) and the validity of
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. pfeilii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pfeilii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. pfeilii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is supported.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>