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<document id="D236F0BF4D7119849A37556B413729FE" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2024.2370664" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13758466" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1726224110956" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Putignano, Matteo, Langeneck, Joachim &amp; Giangrande, Adriana" docDate="2024" docId="006687B3FFC2FFD1FF3B5824902BFD1D" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.58.37-40.1393-1427.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 58 (37 - 40)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2024.2370664" docStyle="DocumentStyle:3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62.3:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Myxicola Koch" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="1424" masterDocId="FC5FFFCBFFD8FFCEFF9B5C3F934DFF90" masterDocTitle="The forgotten diversity of the genus Myxicola (Polychaeta: Sabellidae) in North America: redescription of historical taxa and description of two new species" masterLastPageNumber="1427" masterPageNumber="1393" pageNumber="1419" updateTime="1726575629710" updateUser="guilherme" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="1C605089DA7B6BEE1B53709100DD4217">The forgotten diversity of the genus Myxicola (Polychaeta: Sabellidae) in North America: redescription of historical taxa and description of two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="BD443101AACE949A4C8A7686BCE446F8" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="F9DE20AF77D94F8E1492D94D7E49F8FC">Putignano, Matteo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C303971525ECF226EC341B97FF8A3B4B">DiSTeBA, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy; &amp; CoNISMa, Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Lecce, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="BB341B4B7A4F7E25E29172FD7FE84288">Langeneck, Joachim</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="56E0ADBB1A21809C02ED192EAC4D1030">CoNISMa, Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Lecce, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3892CA1D6C501B65FC0084F767B7C3A0">Giangrande, Adriana</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6B8F1A1859E4FC793D883BDD24D08401">DiSTeBA, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy; &amp; CoNISMa, Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Lecce, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="4888046DCC48512D56C39E4FF2870D2C">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="C274150A431DE0F8C6CC140F37CFE43E">
<mods:date id="68ADA46B267E77B0EB7491EEFF604DAE">2024</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="563E9CE91C5748DD9BFD509D91490EDF" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="0EDE3B32BEFBCDB6EE8B339E517B4C12">2024-08-28</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="78BA6324E2D248D0FEAD9CC096AF0807" type="volume">
<mods:number id="28BEC387A629D4C4FD8C53C8C84B19FF">58</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="2467AFE50E3E6BC5954E5BB85E0D9763" type="issue">
<mods:number id="D3647E047DE8468A74BD995039726273">37 - 40</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="5B4D31356B29CAC75D1F6E802FE55EE3">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="FD47071AA545929EFFBF9567A9FB77A6" type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2024.2370664</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B81BAE8EB8C7AECDA32CCCC5678ADAD5" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="03E61A358724C84848828F4DD0427685" type="Zenodo-Dep">13758466</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="006687B3FFC2FFD1FF3B5824902BFD1D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:006687B3FFC2FFD1FF3B5824902BFD1D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/006687B3FFC2FFD1FF3B5824902BFD1D" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="1424" pageId="26" pageNumber="1419">
<subSubSection id="C0D5652EFFC2FFD4FF3B582492AAFBA5" box="[160,487,1051,1077]" pageId="26" pageNumber="1419" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="887036A5FFC2FFD4FF3B582492AAFBA5" blockId="26.[160,487,1051,1077]" box="[160,487,1051,1077]" pageId="26" pageNumber="1419">
<heading id="D33881C9FFC2FFD4FF3B582492AAFBA5" bold="true" box="[160,487,1051,1077]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="1419" reason="3">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC2FFD4FF3B582492AAFBA5" bold="true" box="[160,487,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="1419">
American
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFC2FFD4FE87582492C4FBA5" ID-CoL="84QNV" authority="Koch" authorityName="Koch" box="[284,393,1051,1077]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="26" pageNumber="1419" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Myxicola</taxonomicName>
species
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C0D5652EFFC2FFD1FF3B586F902BFD1D" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="1424" pageId="26" pageNumber="1419" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="887036A5FFC2FFD4FF3B586F90B4F9DE" blockId="26.[160,1156,1104,1718]" pageId="26" pageNumber="1419">
All the members of
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFC2FFD4FE12586F910EFBF9" box="[393,579,1104,1129]" pageId="26" pageNumber="1419">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC2FFD4FE12586F92A4FBF9" box="[393,489,1104,1129]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="1419">Myxicola</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
examined herein can be distinguished from each other on the base of important morphological differences (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFC2FFD4FCCA584C90F0FB1C" box="[849,957,1139,1164]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="30.[160,225,1426,1449]" captionTargetBox="[165,1150,144,1391]" captionTargetId="figure-60@30.[163,1153,142,1394]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 17. Summary of the main characters used in the morphological analysis of American Myxicola taxa" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758510" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758510/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="1419">Figure 17</figureCitation>
). A first group is composed of
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFC2FFD4FEA258AA92E5FB3E" authorityName="Putignano &amp; Langeneck &amp; Giangrande" authorityYear="2024" box="[313,424,1173,1198]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="26" pageNumber="1419" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bushae" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC2FFD4FEA258AA92E5FB3E" box="[313,424,1173,1198]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="1419">M. bushae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC2FFD4FE3458AA92A3FB3E" bold="true" box="[431,494,1173,1198]" pageId="26" pageNumber="1419">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A18857CCFFC2FFD4FE3458AA92A3FB3E" box="[431,494,1173,1198]" pageId="26" pageNumber="1419" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFC2FFD4FDBD58AA91CAFB3E" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="1905" box="[550,647,1173,1198]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="26" pageNumber="1419" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC2FFD4FDBD58AA91CAFB3E" box="[550,647,1173,1198]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="1419">M. affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, characterised by smaller size, tubular ventral lips and abdominal uncini of similar morphology, always showing at least one long tooth around half length of main fang. However, members of those species can be easily separated from one another on the basis of the dorsal radiolar appendages (long and filiform in members of
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFC2FFD4FE33591F9141FAA9" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="1905" box="[424,524,1312,1337]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="26" pageNumber="1419" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC2FFD4FE33591F9141FAA9" box="[424,524,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="1419">M. affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, not visible in
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFC2FFD4FD2D591F9065FAA9" authorityName="Putignano &amp; Langeneck &amp; Giangrande" authorityYear="2024" box="[694,808,1312,1337]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="26" pageNumber="1419" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bushae" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC2FFD4FD2D591F9065FAA9" box="[694,808,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="1419">M. bushae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC2FFD4FCAA591F903FFAA9" bold="true" box="[817,882,1312,1337]" pageId="26" pageNumber="1419">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A18857CCFFC2FFD4FCAA591F903FFAA9" box="[817,882,1312,1337]" pageId="26" pageNumber="1419" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
), thoracic uncini (which differ between species in the length and curvature of the main fang and the number and disposition of the teeth above it) and arrangement of teeth on abdominal uncini. In fact, it is remarkable how all Pacific American
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFC2FFD4FDC259B7905FFA31" box="[601,786,1416,1441]" pageId="26" pageNumber="1419">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC2FFD4FDC259B791F4FA31" box="[601,697,1416,1441]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="1419">Myxicola</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
previously synonymised with
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFC2FFD4FBF259B7927FFA54" baseAuthorityName="Montagu" baseAuthorityYear="1808" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="26" pageNumber="1419" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="infundibulum">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC2FFD4FBF259B7927FFA54" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="1419">M. infundibulum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
show teeth above abdominal uncini arranged in such a way that secondary teeth are apical to the primary one (ie
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFC2FFD4FDDD59F291EAFA76" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="1905" box="[582,679,1485,1510]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="26" pageNumber="1419" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC2FFD4FDDD59F291EAFA76" box="[582,679,1485,1510]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="1419">M. affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFC2FFD4FD2959F29070FA76" authorityName=", Bush" authorityYear="1905" box="[690,829,1485,1510]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="26" pageNumber="1419" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="conjuncta">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC2FFD4FD2959F29070FA76" box="[690,829,1485,1510]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="1419">M. conjuncta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFC2FFD4FCE859F290A5FA76" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="1901" box="[883,1000,1485,1510]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="26" pageNumber="1419" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pacifica">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC2FFD4FCE859F290A5FA76" box="[883,1000,1485,1510]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="1419">M. pacifica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, although the latter show smaller teeth flanking secondary tooth; see
<bibRefCitation id="EC5E4B54FFC2FFD4FC8859CF974EF999" author="Putignano M &amp; Gravili C &amp; Giangrande A" box="[787,1027,1520,1545]" pageId="26" pageNumber="1419" pagination="506 - 546" refId="ref13864" refString="Putignano M, Gravili C, Giangrande A. 2023. The peculiar case of Myxicola infundibulum (Polychaeta: Sabellidae): echo from a science 200 years old and description of four new taxa in the Mediterranean Sea. Eur Zool J. 90 (1): 506 - 546. doi: 10.1080 / 24750263.2023.2219710." type="journal article" year="2023">
Putignano
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC2FFD4FC1459CF90F2F999" box="[911,959,1520,1545]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="1419">et al</emphasis>
. 2023
</bibRefCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFC2FFD4FBA759CF93ACF9BC" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="29.[160,225,1202,1225]" captionTargetBox="[163,1147,149,1165]" captionTargetId="figure-128@29.[163,1153,142,1170]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figure 16. Photographs of thoracic and abdominal uncini, respectively, of American Myxicola species: A, B. M. affinis; C, D. M. glacialis; E, F. M. pacifica." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758508" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758508/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="1419">Figure 16E, F</figureCitation>
); in contrast, members of taxa from the Atlantic coast show teeth lying on the same plane, similarly to European and Mediterranean taxa (
<bibRefCitation id="EC5E4B54FFC2FFD4FD605A0A90A1F9DE" author="Putignano M &amp; Gravili C &amp; Giangrande A" box="[763,1004,1589,1614]" pageId="26" pageNumber="1419" pagination="506 - 546" refId="ref13864" refString="Putignano M, Gravili C, Giangrande A. 2023. The peculiar case of Myxicola infundibulum (Polychaeta: Sabellidae): echo from a science 200 years old and description of four new taxa in the Mediterranean Sea. Eur Zool J. 90 (1): 506 - 546. doi: 10.1080 / 24750263.2023.2219710." type="journal article" year="2023">
Putignano
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC2FFD4FCE35A0A90E5F9DE" box="[888,936,1589,1614]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="1419">et al</emphasis>
. 2023
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="887036A5FFC2FFD2FF5B5A67971EFA4E" blockId="26.[160,1156,1104,1718]" lastBlockId="28.[160,1157,1304,1710]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="1421" pageId="26" pageNumber="1419">
A second group includes
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFC2FFD4FE7B5A67917DF9E1" authorityName="Putignano &amp; Langeneck &amp; Giangrande" authorityYear="2024" box="[480,560,1624,1649]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="26" pageNumber="1419" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="boki" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC2FFD4FE7B5A67917DF9E1" box="[480,560,1624,1649]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="1419">M. boki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC2FFD4FDA35A679135F9E1" bold="true" box="[568,632,1624,1649]" pageId="26" pageNumber="1419">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A18857CCFFC2FFD4FDA35A679135F9E1" box="[568,632,1624,1649]" pageId="26" pageNumber="1419" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFC2FFD4FD295A679072F9E1" authorityName=", Bush" authorityYear="1905" box="[690,831,1624,1649]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="26" pageNumber="1419" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="conjuncta">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC2FFD4FD295A679072F9E1" box="[690,831,1624,1649]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="1419">M. conjuncta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, both larger species, sharing well-developed and low ventral lips. However, members of the former taxon possess more open ventral lips and dorsal lips with conspicuous dorsal radiolar appendages, while specimens of the latter have ventral lips closer to each other and dorsal radiolar appendages are not visible. Also, the abdominal uncini seem to have similar morphology, as members of both species exhibit the presence of a vestigial handle and a main fang distinctly shorter than breast, but the disposition and number of apical teeth, the thickness of the main fang and the shape of the breast differ between members of these species, as does the morphology of the peristomial triangular lobe and radiolar tips.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DCB0662DFFC3FFD5FF3B59E890B8F92B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758502" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13758502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758502/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="1420" startId="27.[160,225,1495,1518]" targetBox="[164,1134,148,1440]" targetPageId="27" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="887036A5FFC3FFD5FF3B59E890B8F92B" blockId="27.[160,1156,1495,1723]" pageId="27" pageNumber="1420">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC3FFD5FF3B59E8924BFA7E" bold="true" box="[160,262,1495,1518]" pageId="27" pageNumber="1420">Figure 14.</emphasis>
Drawings of uncini and chaetae of the different
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFC3FFD5FD7E59E89074FA7E" box="[741,825,1495,1518]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="27" pageNumber="1420" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC3FFD5FD7E59E89074FA7E" box="[741,825,1495,1518]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1420">Myxicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
taxa originally described by
<bibRefCitation id="EC5E4B54FFC3FFD5FBC859E89392F99B" author="Bush KJ" pageId="27" pageNumber="1420" pagination="169 - 346" refId="ref12888" refString="Bush KJ. 1905. Tubicolous annelids of the tribes sabellides and serpulides from the Pacific Ocean. New York: Doubleday; p. 169 - 346." type="book chapter" year="1905">Bush (1905)</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC3FFD5FF7059CB925EF99B" bold="true" box="[235,275,1524,1547]" pageId="27" pageNumber="1420">A–E</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFC3FFD5FEBA59CB9296F99B" authorityName=", Bush" authorityYear="1905" box="[289,475,1524,1547]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="27" pageNumber="1420" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="conjuncta">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC3FFD5FEBA59CB9296F99B" box="[289,475,1524,1547]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1420">Myxicola conjuncta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC3FFD5FE7359CB9160F99B" bold="true" box="[488,557,1524,1547]" pageId="27" pageNumber="1420">A1–A3</emphasis>
, thoracic notochaetae;
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC3FFD5FC8259CB9078F99B" bold="true" box="[793,821,1524,1547]" pageId="27" pageNumber="1420">B1</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC3FFD5FCD959CB9010F99B" bold="true" box="[834,861,1524,1547]" pageId="27" pageNumber="1420">B2</emphasis>
, spear-shaped thoracic notochaetae;
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC3FFD5FF625A2E924AF9B8" bold="true" box="[249,263,1553,1576]" pageId="27" pageNumber="1420">C</emphasis>
, spear-shaped abdominal neurochaeta;
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC3FFD5FD095A2E9194F9B8" bold="true" box="[658,729,1553,1576]" pageId="27" pageNumber="1420">D1–D3</emphasis>
, thoracic uncini;
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC3FFD5FC1A5A2E90D6F9B8" bold="true" box="[897,923,1553,1576]" pageId="27" pageNumber="1420">E1</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC3FFD5FC3D5A2E908DF9B8" bold="true" box="[934,960,1553,1576]" pageId="27" pageNumber="1420">E2</emphasis>
, abdominal uncini).
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC3FFD5FF3B5A10938FF9D6" bold="true" box="[160,194,1583,1606]" pageId="27" pageNumber="1420">F–J</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFC3FFD5FF495A109230F9D6" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="1905" box="[210,381,1583,1606]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="27" pageNumber="1420" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glacialis">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC3FFD5FF495A109230F9D6" box="[210,381,1583,1606]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1420">Myxicola glacialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC3FFD5FE175A109281F9D6" bold="true" box="[396,460,1583,1606]" pageId="27" pageNumber="1420">F1–F3</emphasis>
, thoracic notochaetae, of which
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC3FFD5FCBA5A109077F9D6" bold="true" box="[801,826,1583,1606]" pageId="27" pageNumber="1420">F2</emphasis>
from the peristomium;
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC3FFD5FBAE5A10971FF9D6" bold="true" box="[1077,1106,1583,1606]" pageId="27" pageNumber="1420">G1</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC3FFD5FBFA5A109733F9D6" bold="true" box="[1121,1150,1583,1606]" pageId="27" pageNumber="1420">G2</emphasis>
, Abdominal neurochaetae;
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC3FFD5FE2B5A739280F9F3" bold="true" box="[432,461,1612,1635]" pageId="27" pageNumber="1420">H1</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC3FFD5FE455A7392B6F9F3" bold="true" box="[478,507,1612,1635]" pageId="27" pageNumber="1420">H2</emphasis>
, spear-shaped thoracic notochaetae;
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC3FFD5FC195A7390C4F9F3" bold="true" box="[898,905,1612,1635]" pageId="27" pageNumber="1420">I</emphasis>
, thoracic uncini;
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC3FFD5FBDB5A73971AF9F3" bold="true" box="[1088,1111,1612,1635]" pageId="27" pageNumber="1420">J1</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC3FFD5FBFC5A739733F9F3" bold="true" box="[1127,1150,1612,1635]" pageId="27" pageNumber="1420">J2</emphasis>
, abdominal uncini).
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC3FFD5FEC45A5692C3F910" bold="true" box="[351,398,1641,1664]" pageId="27" pageNumber="1420">K–M</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFC3FFD5FE015A569054F910" authority="sensu Bush (1905)" authorityName="sensu Bush" authorityYear="1905" box="[410,793,1641,1664]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="27" pageNumber="1420" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="steenstrupi">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC3FFD5FE015A569111F910" box="[410,604,1641,1664]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1420">Myxicola steenstrupi</emphasis>
sensu
<bibRefCitation id="EC5E4B54FFC3FFD5FD385A569054F910" author="Bush KJ" box="[675,793,1641,1664]" pageId="27" pageNumber="1420" pagination="169 - 346" refId="ref12888" refString="Bush KJ. 1905. Tubicolous annelids of the tribes sabellides and serpulides from the Pacific Ocean. New York: Doubleday; p. 169 - 346." type="book chapter" year="1905">Bush (1905)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC3FFD5FCBF5A56907FF910" bold="true" box="[804,818,1641,1664]" pageId="27" pageNumber="1420">K</emphasis>
, thoracic notochaeta, ‘[…] similar to the ones from the abdomen […]’;
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC3FFD5FD9D5AB89109F90E" bold="true" box="[518,580,1671,1694]" pageId="27" pageNumber="1420">L1–L4</emphasis>
, thoracic uncini;
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC3FFD5FD725AB89047F90E" bold="true" box="[745,778,1671,1694]" pageId="27" pageNumber="1420">M1</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC3FFD5FC8F5AB89079F90E" bold="true" box="[788,820,1671,1694]" pageId="27" pageNumber="1420">M2</emphasis>
, abdominal uncini).
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC3FFD5FC615AB89747F90E" bold="true" box="[1018,1034,1671,1694]" pageId="27" pageNumber="1420">N</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC3FFD5FB8E5AB89768F90E" bold="true" box="[1045,1061,1671,1694]" pageId="27" pageNumber="1420">O</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFC3FFD5FBB45AB89394F92B" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="1905" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="27" pageNumber="1420" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC3FFD5FBB45AB89394F92B" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1420">Myxicola affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC3FFD5FF7E5A9B924EF92B" bold="true" box="[229,259,1700,1723]" pageId="27" pageNumber="1420">N1</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC3FFD5FE945A9B9261F92B" bold="true" box="[271,300,1700,1723]" pageId="27" pageNumber="1420">N2</emphasis>
, thoracic uncini;
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC3FFD5FE4D5A9B92B9F92B" bold="true" box="[470,500,1700,1723]" pageId="27" pageNumber="1420">O1</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC3FFD5FD9B5A9B9150F92B" bold="true" box="[512,541,1700,1723]" pageId="27" pageNumber="1420">O2</emphasis>
, abdominal uncini. Drawings from
<bibRefCitation id="EC5E4B54FFC3FFD5FCE05A9B90BCF92B" author="Bush KJ" box="[891,1009,1700,1723]" pageId="27" pageNumber="1420" pagination="169 - 346" refId="ref12888" refString="Bush KJ. 1905. Tubicolous annelids of the tribes sabellides and serpulides from the Pacific Ocean. New York: Doubleday; p. 169 - 346." type="book chapter" year="1905">Bush (1905)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DCB0662DFFC4FFD2FF3B589691B0FB4D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758504" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13758504" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758504/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="1421" startId="28.[160,225,1193,1216]" targetBox="[163,1149,142,1156]" targetPageId="28" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="887036A5FFC4FFD2FF3B589691B0FB4D" blockId="28.[160,1157,1193,1245]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1421">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC4FFD2FF3B5896924BFB50" bold="true" box="[160,262,1193,1216]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1421">Figure 15.</emphasis>
Photographs of thoracic and abdominal uncini, respectively, of American
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFC4FFD2FC46589697CDFB50" box="[989,1152,1193,1216]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1421">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC4FFD2FC465896977CFB50" box="[989,1073,1193,1216]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="1421">Myxicola</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
: A, B.
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFC4FFD2FF4858F9927AFB4D" authorityName="Putignano &amp; Langeneck &amp; Giangrande" authorityYear="2024" box="[211,311,1222,1245]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="28" pageNumber="1421" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bushae" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC4FFD2FF4858F9927AFB4D" box="[211,311,1222,1245]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="1421">M. bushae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC4FFD2FEA658F99235FB4D" bold="true" box="[317,376,1222,1245]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1421">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A18857CCFFC4FFD2FEA658F99235FB4D" box="[317,376,1222,1245]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1421" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
; C, D.
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFC4FFD2FE2358F992B2FB4D" authorityName="Putignano &amp; Langeneck &amp; Giangrande" authorityYear="2024" box="[440,511,1222,1245]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="28" pageNumber="1421" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="boki" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC4FFD2FE2358F992B2FB4D" box="[440,511,1222,1245]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="1421">M. boki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC4FFD2FD9C58F9910DFB4D" bold="true" box="[519,576,1222,1245]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1421">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A18857CCFFC4FFD2FD9C58F9910DFB4D" box="[519,576,1222,1245]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1421" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
; E, F.
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFC4FFD2FDE758F991B5FB4D" authorityName=", Bush" authorityYear="1905" box="[636,760,1222,1245]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="28" pageNumber="1421" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="conjuncta">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC4FFD2FDE758F991B5FB4D" box="[636,760,1222,1245]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="1421">M. conjuncta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="887036A5FFC4FFD3FF5B59D792C3FA5E" blockId="28.[160,1157,1304,1710]" lastBlockId="29.[160,1156,1357,1694]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="1422" pageId="28" pageNumber="1421">
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFC4FFD2FF5B59D792C6F991" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="1905" box="[192,395,1512,1537]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="28" pageNumber="1421" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glacialis">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC4FFD2FF5B59D792C6F991" box="[192,395,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="1421">Myxicola glacialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
accounts for a third group, well separated from all the other taxa by the number of thoracic chaetigers. Members of this species are most similar to specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFC4FFD2FE5C5A129113F9D6" authorityName=", Bush" authorityYear="1905" box="[455,606,1581,1606]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="28" pageNumber="1421" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="conjuncta">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC4FFD2FE5C5A129113F9D6" box="[455,606,1581,1606]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="1421">M. conjuncta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, especially those of the ‘long form’. In addition, members of the two species have almost identical morphology of both thoracic and abdominal uncini; however, they drastically differ in the number, length and arrangement of apical secondary teeth, which are placed in a row in members of
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFC5FFD3FEA3597292F5FAF6" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="1905" box="[312,440,1357,1382]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="29" pageNumber="1422" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glacialis">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC5FFD3FEA3597292F5FAF6" box="[312,440,1357,1382]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1422">M. glacialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, resembling the pattern of Atlantic American and European taxa. In addition, individuals belonging to this species show a peculiar structure of lips and radiolar appendages, so far never found in Atlantic, Pacific or Mediterranean taxa.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DCB0662DFFC5FFD3FF3B588D91CDFB76" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758508" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13758508" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758508/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="1422" startId="29.[160,225,1202,1225]" targetBox="[163,1147,149,1165]" targetPageId="29" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="887036A5FFC5FFD3FF3B588D91CDFB76" blockId="29.[160,1157,1202,1254]" pageId="29" pageNumber="1422">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC5FFD3FF3B588D924BFB59" bold="true" box="[160,262,1202,1225]" pageId="29" pageNumber="1422">Figure 16.</emphasis>
Photographs of thoracic and abdominal uncini, respectively, of American
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFC5FFD3FC46588D97CDFB59" box="[989,1152,1202,1225]" pageId="29" pageNumber="1422">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC5FFD3FC46588D977CFB59" box="[989,1073,1202,1225]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1422">Myxicola</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
: A, B.
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFC5FFD3FF4858F09266FB76" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="1905" box="[211,299,1231,1254]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="29" pageNumber="1422" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC5FFD3FF4858F09266FB76" box="[211,299,1231,1254]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1422">M. affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; C, D.
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFC5FFD3FEF758F09295FB76" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="1905" box="[364,472,1231,1254]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="29" pageNumber="1422" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glacialis">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC5FFD3FEF758F09295FB76" box="[364,472,1231,1254]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1422">M. glacialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; E, F.
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFC5FFD3FD8858F09137FB76" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="1901" box="[531,634,1231,1254]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="29" pageNumber="1422" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pacifica">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC5FFD3FD8858F09137FB76" box="[531,634,1231,1254]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1422">M. pacifica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="887036A5FFC5FFD3FF5B59E8901CF90E" blockId="29.[160,1156,1357,1694]" pageId="29" pageNumber="1422">
Generally, the number, shape and disposition of radiolar skeleton cells are not identical for any of the analysed taxa. The highest similarity concerning these characters can be observed between members of
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFC5FFD3FD8C5A229126F9A6" authorityName="Putignano &amp; Langeneck &amp; Giangrande" authorityYear="2024" box="[535,619,1565,1590]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="29" pageNumber="1422" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="boki" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC5FFD3FD8C5A229126F9A6" box="[535,619,1565,1590]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1422">M. boki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC5FFD3FDED5A2291F7F9A6" bold="true" box="[630,698,1565,1590]" pageId="29" pageNumber="1422">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A18857CCFFC5FFD3FDED5A2291F7F9A6" box="[630,698,1565,1590]" pageId="29" pageNumber="1422" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFC5FFD3FD605A2290C1F9A6" authorityName=", Bush" authorityYear="1905" box="[763,908,1565,1590]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="29" pageNumber="1422" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="conjuncta">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC5FFD3FD605A2290C1F9A6" box="[763,908,1565,1590]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1422">M. conjuncta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, of which specimens belonging to the former show a radiolar skeleton composed of 7 cells arranged radially, in cross section, while cross sections of the radioles of members of the latter species show 8 rows of skeletal cells arranged around a central row (9th cell).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DCB0662DFFC6FFD0FF3B59AD9384FA56" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758510" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13758510" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758510/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="1423" startId="30.[160,225,1426,1449]" targetBox="[165,1150,144,1391]" targetPageId="30" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="887036A5FFC6FFD0FF3B59AD9384FA56" blockId="30.[160,1155,1426,1510]" pageId="30" pageNumber="1423">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC6FFD0FF3B59AD924AFA39" bold="true" box="[160,263,1426,1449]" pageId="30" pageNumber="1423">Figure 17.</emphasis>
Summary of the main characters used in the morphological analysis of American
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFC6FFD0FBB459AD97CEFA39" box="[1071,1155,1426,1449]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="30" pageNumber="1423" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC6FFD0FBB459AD97CEFA39" box="[1071,1155,1426,1449]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="1423">Myxicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
taxa
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="887036A5FFC6FFD0FF3B59ED911AFA76" blockId="30.[160,1155,1426,1510]" box="[160,599,1490,1510]" pageId="30" pageNumber="1423">
(drawings of
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFC6FFD0FE9559ED922BFA76" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="1901" box="[270,358,1490,1510]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="30" pageNumber="1423" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pacifica">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC6FFD0FE9559ED922BFA76" box="[270,358,1490,1510]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="1423">M. pacifica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<bibRefCitation id="EC5E4B54FFC6FFD0FE0259ED9101FA76" author="Putignano M &amp; Gravili C &amp; Giangrande A" box="[409,588,1490,1510]" pageId="30" pageNumber="1423" pagination="506 - 546" refId="ref13864" refString="Putignano M, Gravili C, Giangrande A. 2023. The peculiar case of Myxicola infundibulum (Polychaeta: Sabellidae): echo from a science 200 years old and description of four new taxa in the Mediterranean Sea. Eur Zool J. 90 (1): 506 - 546. doi: 10.1080 / 24750263.2023.2219710." type="journal article" year="2023">Putignano et al. 2023</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="887036A5FFC6FFD1FF5B5A1F9734FE0A" blockId="30.[160,1156,1568,1697]" lastBlockId="31.[160,1156,142,653]" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="1424" pageId="30" pageNumber="1423">
Interestingly, the number of radiolar skeleton cells clearly separates members of the American
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFC6FFD0FE885A7C9281F9CC" box="[275,460,1603,1628]" pageId="30" pageNumber="1423">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC6FFD0FE885A7C923EF9CC" box="[275,371,1603,1628]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="1423">Myxicola</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
from their Mediterranean and Eastern Atlantic congeners, as these latter have no more than 2 cells arranged in a row (
<bibRefCitation id="EC5E4B54FFC6FFD0FC8F5A599086F9EF" author="Darbyshire T" box="[788,971,1638,1663]" pageId="30" pageNumber="1423" pagination="106 - 137" refId="ref13114" refString="Darbyshire T. 2023. Designation of a neotype for Myxicola infundibulum (Montagu, 1808) (Annelida: Sabellidae) and a new species from the UK. Eur J Taxon. 900: 106 - 137. doi: 10.5852 / ejt. 2023.900.2305." type="journal article" year="2023">Darbyshire 2023</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EC5E4B54FFC6FFD0FC4D5A59939AF931" author="Putignano M &amp; Gravili C &amp; Giangrande A" pageId="30" pageNumber="1423" pagination="506 - 546" refId="ref13864" refString="Putignano M, Gravili C, Giangrande A. 2023. The peculiar case of Myxicola infundibulum (Polychaeta: Sabellidae): echo from a science 200 years old and description of four new taxa in the Mediterranean Sea. Eur Zool J. 90 (1): 506 - 546. doi: 10.1080 / 24750263.2023.2219710." type="journal article" year="2023">
Putignano
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC6FFD0FBD45A599733F9EF" box="[1103,1150,1638,1663]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="1423">et al</emphasis>
. 2023
</bibRefCitation>
). A similar observation can be made for the presence of some sort of vestigial handle, a feature completely absent in the
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFC7FFD1FDAE5CB191A2FF37" box="[565,751,142,167]" pageId="31" pageNumber="1424">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC7FFD1FDAE5CB191D8FF37" box="[565,661,142,167]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1424">Myxicola</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
from the Old World. Despite these evident differences, which are consistently considered taxonomically informative for the family
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFC7FFD1FF755CEB922EFF7D" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1825" box="[238,355,212,237]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="31" pageNumber="1424" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Sabellidae</taxonomicName>
, and despite the redescription by
<bibRefCitation id="EC5E4B54FFC7FFD1FD6E5CEB90B1FF7D" author="Putignano M &amp; Gravili C &amp; Giangrande A" box="[757,1020,212,237]" pageId="31" pageNumber="1424" pagination="506 - 546" refId="ref13864" refString="Putignano M, Gravili C, Giangrande A. 2023. The peculiar case of Myxicola infundibulum (Polychaeta: Sabellidae): echo from a science 200 years old and description of four new taxa in the Mediterranean Sea. Eur Zool J. 90 (1): 506 - 546. doi: 10.1080 / 24750263.2023.2219710." type="journal article" year="2023">
Putignano
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC7FFD1FCE85CEB90E8FF7D" box="[883,933,212,237]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1424">et al</emphasis>
. (2023)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EC5E4B54FFC7FFD1FB915CEB93AAFE9F" author="Darbyshire T" pageId="31" pageNumber="1424" pagination="106 - 137" refId="ref13114" refString="Darbyshire T. 2023. Designation of a neotype for Myxicola infundibulum (Montagu, 1808) (Annelida: Sabellidae) and a new species from the UK. Eur J Taxon. 900: 106 - 137. doi: 10.5852 / ejt. 2023.900.2305." type="journal article" year="2023">Darbyshire (2023)</bibRefCitation>
still included
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<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC7FFD1FE0F5CC99118FE9F" box="[404,597,246,271]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1424">Myxicola pacifica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
among the synonyms of
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFC7FFD1FC155CC99705FE9F" baseAuthorityName="Montagu" baseAuthorityYear="1808" box="[910,1096,246,271]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="31" pageNumber="1424" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="infundibulum">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC7FFD1FC155CC99705FE9F" box="[910,1096,246,271]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1424">M. infundibulum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The present work shows that the differences highlighted by
<bibRefCitation id="EC5E4B54FFC7FFD1FC815D269754FEA2" author="Putignano M &amp; Gravili C &amp; Giangrande A" box="[794,1049,281,306]" pageId="31" pageNumber="1424" pagination="506 - 546" refId="ref13864" refString="Putignano M, Gravili C, Giangrande A. 2023. The peculiar case of Myxicola infundibulum (Polychaeta: Sabellidae): echo from a science 200 years old and description of four new taxa in the Mediterranean Sea. Eur Zool J. 90 (1): 506 - 546. doi: 10.1080 / 24750263.2023.2219710." type="journal article" year="2023">
Putignano
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC7FFD1FC0D5D26908BFEA2" box="[918,966,281,306]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1424">et al</emphasis>
. (2023)
</bibRefCitation>
between
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<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC7FFD1FF3B5D039257FEC5" box="[160,282,316,341]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1424">M. pacifica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the European
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFC7FFD1FD995D0391F4FEC5" baseAuthorityName="Montagu" baseAuthorityYear="1808" box="[514,697,316,341]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="31" pageNumber="1424" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="infundibulum">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC7FFD1FD995D0391F4FEC5" box="[514,697,316,341]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1424">M. infundibulum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group can be generalised to all North American species here examined. Further studies are needed to ascertain whether these differences can also be considered phylogenetically informative for the genus
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFC7FFD1FB8F5DBE9739FE0A" box="[1044,1140,385,410]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="31" pageNumber="1424" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC7FFD1FB8F5DBE9739FE0A" box="[1044,1140,385,410]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1424">Myxicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="887036A5FFC7FFD1FF5B5D9B902BFD1D" blockId="31.[160,1156,142,653]" pageId="31" pageNumber="1424">
Lastly, it should be noted that the photographs included in
<bibRefCitation id="EC5E4B54FFC7FFD1FCEB5D9B90B8FE2D" author="Bush KJ" box="[880,1013,420,445]" pageId="31" pageNumber="1424" pagination="169 - 346" refId="ref12888" refString="Bush KJ. 1905. Tubicolous annelids of the tribes sabellides and serpulides from the Pacific Ocean. New York: Doubleday; p. 169 - 346." type="book chapter" year="1905">Bush (1905)</bibRefCitation>
show specimens quite similar to the ones analysed herein, supporting the hypothesis (already backed by the original labels) that they correspond to
<typeStatus id="57748807FFC7FFD1FC865DD69002FD92" box="[797,847,489,514]" pageId="31" pageNumber="1424">type</typeStatus>
material. Interestingly, the long form of
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFC7FFD1FEA25E3392F9FDB5" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="1905" box="[313,436,524,549]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="31" pageNumber="1424" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glacialis">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC7FFD1FEA25E3392F9FDB5" box="[313,436,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1424">M. glacialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
reported by Bush shows a different colouration respect to the ‘short form’, making the longer one appear much more similar to
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFC7FFD1FC3B5E119762FDD7" authorityName=", Bush" authorityYear="1905" box="[928,1071,558,583]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="31" pageNumber="1424" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="conjuncta">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC7FFD1FC3B5E119762FDD7" box="[928,1071,558,583]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1424">M. conjuncta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In our study we could analyse only specimens of the short form; thus, further analyses should be taken to ascertain that both forms belong to the same species.
</paragraph>
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,
<location id="8D10607EFFCEFFD8FD2D5F989053FC50" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:006687B3FFCEFFD4FE725E8B9196FC02:8D10607EFFCEFFD8FD2D5F989053FC50" box="[694,798,935,960]" country="United States of America" county="Unalaska Island" municipality="East Borough" name="Harriman" pageId="22" pageNumber="1415" stateProvince="Alaska">Harriman</location>
<collectingRegion id="4A0BF847FFCEFFD8FCBE5F989021FC50" box="[805,876,935,960]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="22" pageNumber="1415">Alaska</collectingRegion>
Alaska
<location id="8D10607EFFCEFFD8FCEF5F9890A3FC50" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:006687B3FFCEFFD4FE725E8B9196FC02:8D10607EFFCEFFD8FCEF5F9890A3FC50" box="[884,1006,935,960]" country="United States of America" county="Unalaska Island" municipality="East Borough" name="Expedition" pageId="22" pageNumber="1415" stateProvince="Alaska">Expedition</location>
, 1899,
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@ -126,20 +123,17 @@ Aleutians
; preserved in 70% ethanol
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.
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<specimenCode id="D8699EDEFFCEFFD8FE485FD3910EFB95" box="[467,579,1004,1029]" collectionCode="IZ" country="Cuba" name="Instituto de Zoologia" pageId="22" pageNumber="1415">IZ 106560</specimenCode>
: collected by W
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<materialsCitation id="38A73CF8FFCEFFD8FD635FD39135FBDB" collectionCode="R" country="United States of America" county="Dutch Harbour" location="Coe" municipality="Unalaska Island" pageId="22" pageNumber="1415" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alaska" typeStatus="syntype">
: collected by W.
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<location id="8D10607EFFCEFFD8FC895FD3900DFB95" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:006687B3FFCEFFD4FE725E8B9196FC02:8D10607EFFCEFFD8FC895FD3900DFB95" box="[786,832,1004,1029]" country="United States of America" county="Dutch Harbour" municipality="Unalaska Island" name="Coe" pageId="22" pageNumber="1415" stateProvince="Alaska">Coe</location>
,
<location id="8D10607EFFCEFFD8FCD25FD390FCFB95" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:006687B3FFCEFFD4FE725E8B9196FC02:8D10607EFFCEFFD8FCD25FD390FCFB95" box="[841,945,1004,1029]" country="United States of America" county="Dutch Harbour" municipality="Unalaska Island" name="Harriman" pageId="22" pageNumber="1415" stateProvince="Alaska">Harriman</location>
<collectingRegion id="4A0BF847FFCEFFD8FC235FD390B2FB95" box="[952,1023,1004,1029]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="22" pageNumber="1415">Alaska</collectingRegion>
Alaska
<location id="8D10607EFFCEFFD8FB9D5FD397CDFB95" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:006687B3FFCEFFD4FE725E8B9196FC02:8D10607EFFCEFFD8FB9D5FD397CDFB95" box="[1030,1152,1004,1029]" country="United States of America" county="Dutch Harbour" municipality="Unalaska Island" name="Expedition" pageId="22" pageNumber="1415" stateProvince="Alaska">Expedition</location>
, 1899,
<location id="8D10607EFFCEFFD8FF7858309236FBB8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:006687B3FFCEFFD4FE725E8B9196FC02:8D10607EFFCEFFD8FF7858309236FBB8" box="[227,379,1039,1064]" country="United States of America" county="Dutch Harbour" municipality="Unalaska Island" name="Pacific Ocean" pageId="22" pageNumber="1415" stateProvince="Alaska">Pacific Ocean</location>

122
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@ -70,7 +70,7 @@
(
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFD3FFC5FDD5582091F1FBA9" box="[590,700,1055,1081]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="12.[160,225,1664,1687]" captionTargetBox="[205,1115,152,1621]" captionTargetId="figure-3@12.[193,1123,142,1633]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 5. Myxicola conjuncta (YPM IZ 002773.AN). A. entire worm; B, C. peristomial ring, ventral and lateral views, respectively; D. complex of ventral and dorsal lips; E. radiolar tips; F. pygidium; G. scheme of radiolar cross section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758478" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758478/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="1404">Figures 5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFD3FFC5FD5C58209198FBA9" box="[711,725,1055,1081]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="14.[160,225,1359,1382]" captionTargetBox="[165,1150,144,1324]" captionTargetId="figure-91@14.[163,1153,142,1327]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 6. Myxicola conjuncta (YPM IZ 002773.AN). A. peristomium notochaeta;B. 4th chaetiger thoracic notochaeta; C. 24th chaetiger abdominal neurochaeta; D, E. 4th chaetiger thoracic uncinus; F–H. 24th chaetiger abdominal uncini." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758480/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="1404">6</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFD3FFC5FD5C58209198FBA9" box="[711,725,1055,1081]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="14.[160,225,1359,1382]" captionTargetBox="[165,1150,144,1324]" captionTargetId="figure-91@14.[163,1153,142,1327]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 6. Myxicola conjuncta (YPM IZ 002773.AN). A. peristomium notochaeta;B. 4th chaetiger thoracic notochaeta; C. 24th chaetiger abdominal neurochaeta; D, E. 4th chaetiger thoracic uncinus; F–H. 24th chaetiger abdominal uncini. Scale bars: 0.02 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758480/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="1404">6</figureCitation>
)
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@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ collected by W.
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during the
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<collectingRegion id="4A0BF847FFD3FFC5FC8E58809010FB48" box="[789,861,1215,1240]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="11" pageNumber="1404">Alaska</collectingRegion>
Alaska
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, 1899;
<location id="8D10607EFFD3FFC5FBA658809209FB6B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:006687B3FFD3FFC1FE445FCF9754FC58:8D10607EFFD3FFC5FBA658809209FB6B" country="United States of America" county="Virgin Bay" municipality="Valdez-Cordova Census Area" name="Prince William Sound" pageId="11" pageNumber="1404" stateProvince="Alaska">Prince William Sound</location>
@ -156,17 +156,17 @@ long (distinctly longer than thoracic segments), peristomial rings separated by
). Radiolar eyes and peristomial eyes not visible. Glandular girdle near posterior margin of chaetiger 2. Lateral eyes present from chaetiger 5; single thoracic eyespots directly posterior to chaetal tufts, shifting to more dorsal position on abdomen, increasing in number of eyespots towards mid abdomen (up to 6 eyespots on each side of chaetiger) then decreasing towards pygidium (2 eyespots on each side of chaetiger). Pygidium slightly damaged and flattened; pygidial eyes not visible (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFD5FFC3FEA05FF192FFFC77" box="[315,434,974,999]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="12.[160,225,1664,1687]" captionTargetBox="[205,1115,152,1621]" captionTargetId="figure-3@12.[193,1123,142,1633]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 5. Myxicola conjuncta (YPM IZ 002773.AN). A. entire worm; B, C. peristomial ring, ventral and lateral views, respectively; D. complex of ventral and dorsal lips; E. radiolar tips; F. pygidium; G. scheme of radiolar cross section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758478" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758478/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="1406">Figure 5F</figureCitation>
). Numerous narrowly hooded thoracic notochaetae with elongated, tapering tips and distinctly thin, long wing continuing hood along shaft, disposed circularly to form conspicuous tufts; peristomial notochaetae slightly shorter; edge of the hood showing marked serration (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFD5FFC3FC0E58099767FBDF" box="[917,1066,1078,1103]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="14.[160,225,1359,1382]" captionTargetBox="[165,1150,144,1324]" captionTargetId="figure-91@14.[163,1153,142,1327]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 6. Myxicola conjuncta (YPM IZ 002773.AN). A. peristomium notochaeta;B. 4th chaetiger thoracic notochaeta; C. 24th chaetiger abdominal neurochaeta; D, E. 4th chaetiger thoracic uncinus; F–H. 24th chaetiger abdominal uncini." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758480/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="1406">Figure 6A, B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFD5FFC3FC0E58099767FBDF" box="[917,1066,1078,1103]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="14.[160,225,1359,1382]" captionTargetBox="[165,1150,144,1324]" captionTargetId="figure-91@14.[163,1153,142,1327]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 6. Myxicola conjuncta (YPM IZ 002773.AN). A. peristomium notochaeta;B. 4th chaetiger thoracic notochaeta; C. 24th chaetiger abdominal neurochaeta; D, E. 4th chaetiger thoracic uncinus; F–H. 24th chaetiger abdominal uncini. Scale bars: 0.02 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758480/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="1406">Figure 6A, B</figureCitation>
); chaetigers 2–8 with slightly curved acicular uncini, showing a long main fang surmounted by 2–3 small teeth, less than half of the main fang length (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFD5FFC3FC67584393FDFB27" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="14.[160,225,1359,1382]" captionTargetBox="[165,1150,144,1324]" captionTargetId="figure-91@14.[163,1153,142,1327]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 6. Myxicola conjuncta (YPM IZ 002773.AN). A. peristomium notochaeta;B. 4th chaetiger thoracic notochaeta; C. 24th chaetiger abdominal neurochaeta; D, E. 4th chaetiger thoracic uncinus; F–H. 24th chaetiger abdominal uncini." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758480/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="1406">Figures 6D, E</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFD5FFC3FC67584393FDFB27" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="14.[160,225,1359,1382]" captionTargetBox="[165,1150,144,1324]" captionTargetId="figure-91@14.[163,1153,142,1327]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 6. Myxicola conjuncta (YPM IZ 002773.AN). A. peristomium notochaeta;B. 4th chaetiger thoracic notochaeta; C. 24th chaetiger abdominal neurochaeta; D, E. 4th chaetiger thoracic uncinus; F–H. 24th chaetiger abdominal uncini. Scale bars: 0.02 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758480/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="1406">Figures 6D, E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFD5FFC3FF2458A193A4FB27" box="[191,233,1182,1207]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="28.[160,225,1193,1216]" captionTargetBox="[163,1149,142,1156]" captionTargetId="figure-171@28.[163,1153,142,1161]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 15. Photographs of thoracic and abdominal uncini, respectively, of American Myxicola species: A, B. M. bushae sp. n.; C, D. M. boki sp. n.; E, F. M. conjuncta." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758504" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758504/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="1406">15E</figureCitation>
); thoracic neuropodial tori inconspicuous. Numerous abdominal neurochaetae narrowly hooded, similar to peristomial notochaetae, forming conspicuous tufts along most of abdomen, only significantly decreasing in number of chaetae per fascicle on last segments (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFD5FFC3FE7E59399114FA8F" box="[485,601,1286,1311]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="14.[160,225,1359,1382]" captionTargetBox="[165,1150,144,1324]" captionTargetId="figure-91@14.[163,1153,142,1327]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 6. Myxicola conjuncta (YPM IZ 002773.AN). A. peristomium notochaeta;B. 4th chaetiger thoracic notochaeta; C. 24th chaetiger abdominal neurochaeta; D, E. 4th chaetiger thoracic uncinus; F–H. 24th chaetiger abdominal uncini." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758480/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="1406">Figure 6C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFD5FFC3FE7E59399114FA8F" box="[485,601,1286,1311]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="14.[160,225,1359,1382]" captionTargetBox="[165,1150,144,1324]" captionTargetId="figure-91@14.[163,1153,142,1327]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 6. Myxicola conjuncta (YPM IZ 002773.AN). A. peristomium notochaeta;B. 4th chaetiger thoracic notochaeta; C. 24th chaetiger abdominal neurochaeta; D, E. 4th chaetiger thoracic uncinus; F–H. 24th chaetiger abdominal uncini. Scale bars: 0.02 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758480/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="1406">Figure 6C</figureCitation>
). Abdominal uncini with apical tooth slightly longer than half of the main fang; larger uncini with secondary, short tooth, apical to latter (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFD5FFC3FE87597392F6FAF5" box="[284,443,1356,1381]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="14.[160,225,1359,1382]" captionTargetBox="[165,1150,144,1324]" captionTargetId="figure-91@14.[163,1153,142,1327]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 6. Myxicola conjuncta (YPM IZ 002773.AN). A. peristomium notochaeta;B. 4th chaetiger thoracic notochaeta; C. 24th chaetiger abdominal neurochaeta; D, E. 4th chaetiger thoracic uncinus; F–H. 24th chaetiger abdominal uncini." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758480/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="1406">Figure 6G, H</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFD5FFC3FE87597392F6FAF5" box="[284,443,1356,1381]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="14.[160,225,1359,1382]" captionTargetBox="[165,1150,144,1324]" captionTargetId="figure-91@14.[163,1153,142,1327]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 6. Myxicola conjuncta (YPM IZ 002773.AN). A. peristomium notochaeta;B. 4th chaetiger thoracic notochaeta; C. 24th chaetiger abdominal neurochaeta; D, E. 4th chaetiger thoracic uncinus; F–H. 24th chaetiger abdominal uncini. Scale bars: 0.02 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758480/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="1406">Figure 6G, H</figureCitation>
); breast squared, main fang shorter than breast; handle vestigial; uncini longer than high (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFD5FFC3FDDA595191ACFA17" box="[577,737,1390,1415]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="14.[160,225,1359,1382]" captionTargetBox="[165,1150,144,1324]" captionTargetId="figure-91@14.[163,1153,142,1327]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 6. Myxicola conjuncta (YPM IZ 002773.AN). A. peristomium notochaeta;B. 4th chaetiger thoracic notochaeta; C. 24th chaetiger abdominal neurochaeta; D, E. 4th chaetiger thoracic uncinus; F–H. 24th chaetiger abdominal uncini." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758480/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="1406">Figures 6F, G</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFD5FFC3FDDA595191ACFA17" box="[577,737,1390,1415]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="14.[160,225,1359,1382]" captionTargetBox="[165,1150,144,1324]" captionTargetId="figure-91@14.[163,1153,142,1327]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 6. Myxicola conjuncta (YPM IZ 002773.AN). A. peristomium notochaeta;B. 4th chaetiger thoracic notochaeta; C. 24th chaetiger abdominal neurochaeta; D, E. 4th chaetiger thoracic uncinus; F–H. 24th chaetiger abdominal uncini. Scale bars: 0.02 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758480/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="1406">Figures 6F, G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFD5FFC3FD6B59519054FA17" box="[752,793,1390,1415]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="28.[160,225,1193,1216]" captionTargetBox="[163,1149,142,1156]" captionTargetId="figure-171@28.[163,1153,142,1161]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 15. Photographs of thoracic and abdominal uncini, respectively, of American Myxicola species: A, B. M. bushae sp. n.; C, D. M. boki sp. n.; E, F. M. conjuncta." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758504" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758504/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="1406">15F</figureCitation>
).
@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ long (distinctly longer than thoracic segments), peristomial rings separated by
<paragraph id="887036A5FFD5FFC3FF3B598B924BFA5E" blockId="13.[160,1156,1460,1728]" box="[160,262,1460,1486]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1406">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFD5FFC3FF3B598B924BFA5E" bold="true" box="[160,262,1460,1486]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1406">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="887036A5FFD5FFC0FF3B59E89200FA50" blockId="13.[160,1156,1460,1728]" lastBlockId="14.[160,1156,1353,1472]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="1407" pageId="13" pageNumber="1406">
<paragraph id="887036A5FFD5FFC0FF3B59E890C7F9EA" blockId="13.[160,1156,1460,1728]" lastBlockId="14.[160,1155,1529,1727]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="1407" pageId="13" pageNumber="1406">
This specimen was examined to check the validity of
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFD5FFC3FC9059E8976CFA60" authority="Bush, 1905" authorityName=", Bush" authorityYear="1905" box="[779,1057,1495,1520]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="13" pageNumber="1406" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="conjuncta">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFD5FFC3FC9059E890D7FA60" box="[779,922,1495,1520]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1406">M. conjuncta</emphasis>
@ -209,11 +209,17 @@ and the present description is consistent with
<bibRefCitation id="EC5E4B54FFD5FFC3FDD959C59188F983" author="Bush KJ" box="[578,709,1530,1555]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1406" pagination="169 - 346" refId="ref12888" refString="Bush KJ. 1905. Tubicolous annelids of the tribes sabellides and serpulides from the Pacific Ocean. New York: Doubleday; p. 169 - 346." type="book chapter" year="1905">Bush (1905)</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EC5E4B54FFD5FFC3FD5459C59004F983" author="Bush KJ" box="[719,841,1530,1555]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1406" pagination="169 - 346" refId="ref12888" refString="Bush KJ. 1905. Tubicolous annelids of the tribes sabellides and serpulides from the Pacific Ocean. New York: Doubleday; p. 169 - 346." type="book chapter" year="1905">Bush (1905</bibRefCitation>
: p. 217–218) reported a ‘[…] thin median triangular lobe […]’, which is partially damaged in the examined specimen. The only discrepancy between our observations and the original description concerns the morphology of radiolar tips and pinnules, reported as ‘[…] comparatively long and slender […]’ and ‘[…] very long and slender […]’ respectively, and the presence on ‘[…] the sixth to eighth segments [of] additional, often more slender, spear-shaped or hastate Scale bars:
<quantity id="4F379B40FFD6FFC0FF6559939204FA50" box="[254,329,1452,1472]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="1407" unit="mm" value="0.02">0.02 mm</quantity>
: p. 217–218) reported a ‘[…] thin median triangular lobe […]’, which is partially damaged in the examined specimen. The only discrepancy between our observations and the original description concerns the morphology of radiolar tips and pinnules, reported as ‘[…] comparatively long and slender […]’ and ‘[…] very long and slender […]’ respectively, and the presence on ‘[…] the sixth to eighth segments [of] additional, often more slender, spear-shaped or hastate setae […] in the middle of the fascicles […]’. However, photographs of radioles present in the original description show an identical morphology (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFD6FFC0FCB85A2390ECF9A5" box="[803,929,1564,1589]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="26.[160,225,630,653]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,598]" captionTargetId="figure-314@26.[163,1153,142,598]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 13. Original photos of Myxicola specimens analysed by Bush (1905): A1, A2, M. glacialis (‘short form’); B, M. glacialis (‘long form’); C, M. conjuncta; D. radiole of M. conjuncta; E. radiole of M. glacialis. A1 and C, specimens YPM IZ 106540 and YPM IZ 002773, respectively. Photos from Bush 1905." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758500" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758500/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="1407">Figure 13D</figureCitation>
), while the ‘hastate setae’ (
<bibRefCitation id="EC5E4B54FFD6FFC0FF755A01922BF9C7" author="Bush KJ" box="[238,358,1598,1623]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1407" pagination="169 - 346" refId="ref12888" refString="Bush KJ. 1905. Tubicolous annelids of the tribes sabellides and serpulides from the Pacific Ocean. New York: Doubleday; p. 169 - 346." type="book chapter" year="1905">Bush 1905</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 14B1–C) can be easily explained as broken chaetae and uncini, as such a typology of chaetae is absent in the whole genus
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFD6FFC0FCBF5A5E90C9F9EA" box="[804,900,1633,1658]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="14" pageNumber="1407" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFD6FFC0FCBF5A5E90C9F9EA" box="[804,900,1633,1658]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1407">Myxicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DCB0662DFFD6FFC0FF3B597092F8FA31" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758480" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13758480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758480/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="1407" startId="14.[160,225,1359,1382]" targetBox="[165,1150,144,1324]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
<caption id="DCB0662DFFD6FFC0FF3B59709200FA50" pageId="14" pageNumber="1407" startId="14.[160,225,1359,1382]" targetBox="[165,1150,144,1324]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="887036A5FFD6FFC0FF3B597092F8FA31" blockId="14.[160,1156,1353,1472]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1407">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFD6FFC0FF3B597093B4FAF6" bold="true" box="[160,249,1359,1382]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1407">Figure 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFD6FFC0FF65597092F8FAF6" authorityName=", Bush" authorityYear="1905" box="[254,437,1359,1382]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="14" pageNumber="1407" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="conjuncta">
@ -241,18 +247,12 @@ chaetiger thoracic uncinus;
<superScript id="7FBA9BEDFFD6FFC0FBEF595997C9FAE5" attach="none" box="[1140,1156,1382,1397]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="1407">th</superScript>
chaetiger abdominal uncini.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="887036A5FFD6FFC0FF3B59C690C7F9EA" blockId="14.[160,1155,1529,1727]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1407">
setae […] in the middle of the fascicles […]’. However, photographs of radioles present in the original description show an identical morphology (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFD6FFC0FCB85A2390ECF9A5" box="[803,929,1564,1589]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="26.[160,225,630,653]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,598]" captionTargetId="figure-314@26.[163,1153,142,598]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 13. Original photos of Myxicola specimens analysed by Bush (1905): A1, A2, M. glacialis (‘short form’); B, M. glacialis (‘long form’); C, M. conjuncta; D. radiole of M. conjuncta; E. radiole of M. glacialis. A1 and C, specimens YPM IZ 106540 and YPM IZ 002773, respectively. Photos from Bush 1905." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758500" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758500/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="1407">Figure 13D</figureCitation>
), while the ‘hastate setae’ (
<bibRefCitation id="EC5E4B54FFD6FFC0FF755A01922BF9C7" author="Bush KJ" box="[238,358,1598,1623]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1407" pagination="169 - 346" refId="ref12888" refString="Bush KJ. 1905. Tubicolous annelids of the tribes sabellides and serpulides from the Pacific Ocean. New York: Doubleday; p. 169 - 346." type="book chapter" year="1905">Bush 1905</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 14B1–C) can be easily explained as broken chaetae and uncini, as such a typology of chaetae is absent in the whole genus
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFD6FFC0FCBF5A5E90C9F9EA" box="[804,900,1633,1658]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="14" pageNumber="1407" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFD6FFC0FCBF5A5E90C9F9EA" box="[804,900,1633,1658]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1407">Myxicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="887036A5FFD6FFC0FF3B59939200FA50" blockId="14.[160,1156,1353,1472]" box="[160,333,1452,1472]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1407">
Scale bars:
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.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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Thoracic uncini show the same curvature, but in the illustrations no teeth are reported (
<bibRefCitation id="EC5E4B54FFD6FFC0FF3D5A99926FF92F" author="Bush KJ" box="[166,290,1702,1727]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1407" pagination="169 - 346" refId="ref12888" refString="Bush KJ. 1905. Tubicolous annelids of the tribes sabellides and serpulides from the Pacific Ocean. New York: Doubleday; p. 169 - 346." type="book chapter" year="1905">Bush 1905</bibRefCitation>

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<mods:title id="F92F62EEB76609E1EF8D4CFD773BA37E">The forgotten diversity of the genus Myxicola (Polychaeta: Sabellidae) in North America: redescription of historical taxa and description of two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="39F5C0520CA098CD5395914A3F447726">Putignano, Matteo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="BA7F821BD7E4742242C1B4168CA014EA">DiSTeBA, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy; &amp; CoNISMa, Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Lecce, Italy</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="C492DE0E08289E97595CFA7FA9F068BF" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B6A55C41D827A5A9DF0E956ED376E4E0">
<mods:roleTerm id="5C4331E4ACEA0ED4F972ACF3A66CD8E3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="74309E128681E0ED749CDDB2B6662A7C">Langeneck, Joachim</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="EC723F19E6E38E198AEA795751F481A8">CoNISMa, Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Lecce, Italy</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="7FC665F4EE892EED4631E9F455D30FE1" type="personal">
<mods:role id="874FA3FE07AABF9A6FC9F278DB189E5A">
<mods:roleTerm id="A27D8D1BFA2B9824880EE88FE2175B6B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="4E8EEEDDAB9CA8FBE9536E98D903F3A4">Giangrande, Adriana</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A6138B631FE01D9B0D5CA6940274DF39">DiSTeBA, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy; &amp; CoNISMa, Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Lecce, Italy</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="485EBCFF885CE6DEE7DB51274D5D70BA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="9588F4E121B06B3E9AF67DEA1DBFB28A">
<mods:title id="5F54B8A4C348907EF8B7966D25648FCC">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="BDD02C89A1A6BE86C730167B11BAF1EF">
<mods:date id="BD96AE3E78447C1649CF272EF4CD2AB0">2024</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="077F8CF65116FC73262BE336A27325E9" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="0A3EF36B9624D84315F62F42347120C7">2024-08-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="0F29C3C66D7605B4563C088228D462D7" type="volume">
<mods:number id="C33BBA81F8719C1EA3A170BBEB47F41F">58</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="149ED3EF58FB9F521E70E985374CBFB8" type="issue">
<mods:number id="44391E0D8FFB874624C24296C69B4E95">37 - 40</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
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<mods:start id="3AC6F42A70DC2CCCA6E24964918A44FF">1393</mods:start>
<mods:end id="F2A2FD6E9F585247AE907AE7498ED409">1427</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:location id="AC29637FAB52D2667C29E7D3D099EED1">
<mods:url id="FC90662F9C62BAC1F6FCF2FBDFDB9E0A">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2024.2370664</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="61F3EAD44C69BCE142662820AE617B4E">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="C562929ED58F21087FCE495057D831BB" type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2024.2370664</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D23ACC5C2380C2D9ECFF1F67A64B2D38" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="83B293A33EA82EB0C2419DCF2951EA7F" type="Zenodo-Dep">13758466</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="006687B3FFD7FFD8FE6E5835972AFDDD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:006687B3FFD7FFD8FE6E5835972AFDDD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/006687B3FFD7FFD8FE6E5835972AFDDD" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="1415" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408">
<subSubSection id="C0D5652EFFD7FFC1FE6E58359060FBB4" box="[501,813,1034,1060]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="887036A5FFD7FFC1FE6E58359060FBB4" blockId="15.[501,813,1034,1060]" box="[501,813,1034,1060]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408">
<heading id="D33881C9FFD7FFC1FE6E58359060FBB4" box="[501,813,1034,1060]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFD7FFC1FE6E58359060FBB4" ID-CoL="6RSTB" authority="Bush, 1905" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="1905" box="[501,813,1034,1060]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFD7FFC1FE6E583591EBFBB4" box="[501,678,1034,1060]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408">Myxicola affinis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EC5E4B54FFD7FFC1FD3558359060FBB4" author="Bush KJ" box="[686,813,1034,1060]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408" pagination="169 - 346" refId="ref12888" refString="Bush KJ. 1905. Tubicolous annelids of the tribes sabellides and serpulides from the Pacific Ocean. New York: Doubleday; p. 169 - 346." type="book chapter" year="1905">Bush, 1905</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C0D5652EFFD7FFC1FDA0587F91A5FBCA" box="[571,744,1088,1114]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408" type="description">
<paragraph id="887036A5FFD7FFC1FDA0587F91A5FBCA" blockId="15.[571,744,1088,1114]" box="[571,744,1088,1114]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408">
(
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFD7FFC1FDD9587F91ACFBCA" box="[578,737,1088,1114]" captionStart-0="Figure 7" captionStart-1="Figure 8" captionStart-2="Figure 9" captionStart-3="Figure 10" captionStartId-0="16.[160,225,1659,1682]" captionStartId-1="18.[160,225,1658,1681]" captionStartId-2="20.[160,225,1472,1495]" captionStartId-3="21.[160,225,992,1015]" captionTargetBox-0="[189,1126,148,1626]" captionTargetBox-1="[190,1120,144,1622]" captionTargetBox-2="[166,1150,144,1438]" captionTargetBox-3="[166,1126,145,958]" captionTargetId-0="figure-3@16.[183,1132,142,1627]" captionTargetId-1="figure-3@18.[188,1127,142,1627]" captionTargetId-2="figure-1@20.[163,1153,142,1441]" captionTargetId-3="figure-236@21.[163,1153,142,961]" captionTargetPageId-0="16" captionTargetPageId-1="18" captionTargetPageId-2="20" captionTargetPageId-3="21" captionText-0="Figure 7. Myxicola affinis (YPM IZ 002772.AN). A. entire worm; B, C. peristomial rings, ventral and lateral views, respectively; D. complex of ventral and dorsal lips; E. radiolar tip; F. pygidium; G. scheme of radiolar cross section." captionText-1="Figure 8. Myxicola affinis (as M. monacis in Chamberlin 1919; MCZ: IZ: ANNb-2170). A. entire worm; B, C. peristomial ring, ventral and lateral views, respectively; D. complex of ventral and dorsal lips; E, F. radiolar tips; G. pygidium." captionText-2="Figure 9. Myxicola affinis (YPM IZ 002772.AN). A. peristomium notochaeta; B. 4th chaetiger thoracic notochaeta; C. 24th chaetiger abdominal neurochaeta; D–F. 4th chaetiger thoracic uncinus, lateral (2) and front views, respectively; G–I. 24th chaetiger abdominal uncini. Scale bars: 0.02 mm." captionText-3="Figure 10. Myxicola affinis (as M. monacis in Chamberlin 1919; MCZ: IZ: ANNb-2170). A. abdominal neurochaeta; B–E. abdominal uncini. Scale bars: 0.02 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758482" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758486" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758488" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758490" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13758482/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13758486/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13758488/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/13758490/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408">Figures. 7–10</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C0D5652EFFD7FFC1FF5B584A9256FB21" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="887036A5FFD7FFC1FF5B584A9256FB21" blockId="15.[160,1156,1141,1201]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408">
<treatmentCitation id="096E10B4FFD7FFC1FF5B584A917BFB1E" author="Bush KJ" box="[192,566,1141,1166]" page="218" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408" year="1905">
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFD7FFC1FF5B584A917BFB1E" ID-CoL="6RSTB" authority="Bush, 1905: p. 218" authorityName="Bush" authorityPageNumber="218" authorityYear="1905" box="[192,566,1141,1166]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFD7FFC1FF5B584A922BFB1E" box="[192,358,1141,1166]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408">Myxicola affinis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EC5E4B54FFD7FFC1FEF7584A92A8FB1E" author="Bush KJ" box="[364,485,1141,1166]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408" pagination="169 - 346" refId="ref12888" refString="Bush KJ. 1905. Tubicolous annelids of the tribes sabellides and serpulides from the Pacific Ocean. New York: Doubleday; p. 169 - 346." type="book chapter" year="1905">Bush, 1905</bibRefCitation>
: p. 218
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. XXXVIII, figs. 17–20
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFD7FFC1FCAD584A97C9FB1E" authority="Chamberlin, 1919: p. 20" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityPageNumber="20" authorityYear="1919" box="[822,1156,1141,1166]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="monacis">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFD7FFC1FCAD584A90BBFB1E" box="[822,1014,1141,1166]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408">Myxicola monacis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EC5E4B54FFD7FFC1FC67584A97C9FB1E" author="Chamberlin RV" box="[1020,1156,1141,1166]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408" pagination="1 - 23" refId="ref13017" refString="Chamberlin RV. 1919. New polychaetous annelids from laguna beach, California. J Entomol Zool Pomona College. 11: 1 - 23." type="journal article" year="1919">Chamberlin,</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
1919: p. 20
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C0D5652EFFD7FFC1FF3B58DF91F4FA37" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="887036A5FFD7FFC1FF3B58DF9232FB6A" blockId="15.[160,1156,1248,1447]" box="[160,383,1248,1274]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFD7FFC1FF3B58DF9232FB6A" bold="true" box="[160,383,1248,1274]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408">Material examined</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="887036A5FFD7FFC1FF3B593B91F4FA37" blockId="15.[160,1156,1248,1447]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408">
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFD7FFC1FF3B593B9207FA8D" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="1905" box="[160,330,1284,1309]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFD7FFC1FF3B593B9207FA8D" box="[160,330,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408">Myxicola affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<materialsCitation id="38A73CF8FFD7FFC1FEC3593B9119FAF2" collectionCode="R, YPM" country="United States of America" county="Monterey County" location="Coe" municipality="North America" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408" specimenCode="IZ 002772" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="57748807FFD7FFC1FEC3593B928CFA8D" box="[344,449,1284,1309]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
, collected by W.
<collectionCode id="EEDEAE60FFD7FFC1FDE5593B91C2FA8D" box="[638,655,1284,1309]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408">R</collectionCode>
.
<location id="8D10607EFFD7FFC1FD01593B9188FA8D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:006687B3FFD7FFD8FE6E5835972AFDDD:8D10607EFFD7FFC1FD01593B9188FA8D" box="[666,709,1284,1309]" country="United States of America" county="Monterey County" municipality="North America" name="Coe" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408" stateProvince="California">Coe</location>
in 1901,
<location id="8D10607EFFD7FFC1FCA9593B9081FA8D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:006687B3FFD7FFD8FE6E5835972AFDDD:8D10607EFFD7FFC1FCA9593B9081FA8D" box="[818,972,1284,1309]" country="United States of America" county="Monterey County" municipality="North America" name="Pacific Ocean" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408" stateProvince="California">Pacific Ocean</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6814ACDFFFD7FFC1FC43593B97CDFA8D" box="[984,1152,1284,1309]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408">North America</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingRegion id="4A0BF847FFD7FFC1FF3B59199247FAAF" box="[160,266,1318,1343]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408">California</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry id="F0D87635FFD7FFC1FE8159199202FAAF" box="[282,335,1318,1343]" name="United States of America" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408">USA</collectingCountry>
);
<collectingCounty id="61114E29FFD7FFC1FEF959199161FAAF" box="[354,556,1318,1343]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408">Monterey County</collectingCounty>
, Pacific Grove. Specimen preserved in 70% ethanol;
<collectionCode id="EEDEAE60FFD7FFC1FF3B5976939FFAF2" box="[160,210,1353,1378]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408" type="Museum">YPM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="D8699EDEFFD7FFC1FF455976921AFAF2" box="[222,343,1353,1378]" collectionCode="IZ" country="Cuba" name="Instituto de Zoologia" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408">IZ 002772</specimenCode>
.AN;
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFD7FFC1FE1059769119FAF2" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1919" box="[395,596,1353,1378]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="monacis">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFD7FFC1FE1059769119FAF2" box="[395,596,1353,1378]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408">Myxicola monacis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</materialsCitation>
:
<materialsCitation id="38A73CF8FFD7FFC1FDFE597691F8FA37" collectionCode="R, V, MCZ, IZ" country="United States of America" location="Pacific Ocean" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="57748807FFD7FFC1FDFE5976919DFAF2" box="[613,720,1353,1378]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
, deposited by
<collectionCode id="EEDEAE60FFD7FFC1FC18597690D9FAF2" box="[899,916,1353,1378]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="EEDEAE60FFD7FFC1FC0C597690E4FAF2" box="[919,937,1353,1378]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EC5E4B54FFD7FFC1FC2359769730FAF2" author="Chamberlin RV" box="[952,1149,1353,1378]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408" pagination="1 - 23" refId="ref13017" refString="Chamberlin RV. 1919. New polychaetous annelids from laguna beach, California. J Entomol Zool Pomona College. 11: 1 - 23." type="journal article" year="1919">Chamberlin 1919</bibRefCitation>
,
<location id="8D10607EFFD7FFC1FF3B59539277FA15" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:006687B3FFD7FFD8FE6E5835972AFDDD:8D10607EFFD7FFC1FF3B59539277FA15" box="[160,314,1388,1413]" country="United States of America" name="Pacific Ocean" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408" stateProvince="California">Pacific Ocean</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="4A0BF847FFD7FFC1FEDD595392FDFA15" box="[326,432,1388,1413]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408">California</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry id="F0D87635FFD7FFC1FE24595392B9FA15" box="[447,500,1388,1413]" name="United States of America" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408">USA</collectingCountry>
), Laguna Beach. Specimen fixed in 4% formaldehyde and preserved in 70% ethanol;
<collectionCode id="EEDEAE60FFD7FFC1FE5559B19149FA37" box="[462,516,1422,1447]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408" type="Museum">MCZ</collectionCode>
:
<collectionCode id="EEDEAE60FFD7FFC1FD9559B19168FA37" box="[526,549,1422,1447]" country="Cuba" name="Instituto de Zoologia" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408">IZ</collectionCode>
: ANNb-2170
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C0D5652EFFD7FFDFFF3B59E990C6FA8F" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="1410" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408" type="description">
<paragraph id="887036A5FFD7FFC1FF3B59E99179FA60" blockId="15.[160,1156,1494,1728]" box="[160,564,1494,1520]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFD7FFC1FF3B59E99179FA60" bold="true" box="[160,564,1494,1520]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408">Redescription (YPM IZ 002772.AN)</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="887036A5FFD7FFDFFF3B59C590C6FA8F" blockId="15.[160,1156,1494,1728]" lastBlockId="17.[160,1156,142,1311]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="1410" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408">
Specimen complete, body beige to yellow, a ‘[…] decided yellow […]’ colouration is reported in the original description (
<bibRefCitation id="EC5E4B54FFD7FFC1FDA25A2291E2F9A6" author="Bush KJ" box="[569,687,1565,1590]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408" pagination="169 - 346" refId="ref12888" refString="Bush KJ. 1905. Tubicolous annelids of the tribes sabellides and serpulides from the Pacific Ocean. New York: Doubleday; p. 169 - 346." type="book chapter" year="1905">Bush 1905</bibRefCitation>
: p. 218), cylindrical. Crown slightly darker (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFD7FFC1FF335A009258F9C8" box="[168,277,1599,1624]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1659,1682]" captionTargetBox="[189,1126,148,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-3@16.[183,1132,142,1627]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 7. Myxicola affinis (YPM IZ 002772.AN). A. entire worm; B, C. peristomial rings, ventral and lateral views, respectively; D. complex of ventral and dorsal lips; E. radiolar tip; F. pygidium; G. scheme of radiolar cross section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758482" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758482/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408">Figure 7A</figureCitation>
); a slightly greenish colouration is reported at the original description (
<bibRefCitation id="EC5E4B54FFD7FFC1FBD05A00939AF9EB" author="Bush KJ" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408" pagination="169 - 346" refId="ref12888" refString="Bush KJ. 1905. Tubicolous annelids of the tribes sabellides and serpulides from the Pacific Ocean. New York: Doubleday; p. 169 - 346." type="book chapter" year="1905">Bush 1905</bibRefCitation>
). Body
<quantity id="4F379B40FFD7FFC1FEB75A5D9229F9EB" box="[300,356,1634,1659]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
long, 8 thoracic and 50 abdominal chaetigers; maximum width
<quantity id="4F379B40FFD7FFC1FBA75A5D97CDF9EB" box="[1084,1152,1634,1659]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
; thorax longer than wide. Crown
<quantity id="4F379B40FFD7FFC1FD905ABA9118F90E" box="[523,597,1669,1694]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408" unit="cm" value="1.2">1.2 cm</quantity>
long, holding 20 and 21 radioles on left and right lobe, respectively; ratio body/crown length 3.33. Peristomium
<quantity id="4F379B40FFD7FFC1FCF75A98909DF950" box="[876,976,1703,1728]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.44" pageId="15" pageNumber="1408" unit="mm" value="2.44">2.44 mm</quantity>
long (distinctly longer than thoracic segments), anterior and posterior peristomial rings indistinctly separated; anterior peristomial ring distinctly lighter in colour (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFC9FFDFFCFE5C8E90A3FF5A" box="[869,1006,177,202]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1659,1682]" captionTargetBox="[189,1126,148,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-3@16.[183,1132,142,1627]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 7. Myxicola affinis (YPM IZ 002772.AN). A. entire worm; B, C. peristomial rings, ventral and lateral views, respectively; D. complex of ventral and dorsal lips; E. radiolar tip; F. pygidium; G. scheme of radiolar cross section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758482" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758482/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="1410">Figure 7A–C</figureCitation>
). Mid-ventral lobe of anterior peristomial ring with thin membranous lateral edges and rounded, elongated tip; peristomium lower laterally, with a narrow mid-lateral incision; junction between crown and body not visible (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFC9FFDFFDDE5D269185FEA2" box="[581,712,281,306]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1659,1682]" captionTargetBox="[189,1126,148,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-3@16.[183,1132,142,1627]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 7. Myxicola affinis (YPM IZ 002772.AN). A. entire worm; B, C. peristomial rings, ventral and lateral views, respectively; D. complex of ventral and dorsal lips; E. radiolar tip; F. pygidium; G. scheme of radiolar cross section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758482" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758482/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="1410">Figure 7B, C</figureCitation>
). Dorsal lips with brownish long filiform radiolar appendages, with thin longitudinal groove and tapering, distally rounded tips (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFC9FFDFFF335D61925BFEE7" box="[168,278,350,375]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1659,1682]" captionTargetBox="[189,1126,148,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-3@16.[183,1132,142,1627]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 7. Myxicola affinis (YPM IZ 002772.AN). A. entire worm; B, C. peristomial rings, ventral and lateral views, respectively; D. complex of ventral and dorsal lips; E. radiolar tip; F. pygidium; G. scheme of radiolar cross section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758482" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758482/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="1410">Figure 7D</figureCitation>
); pinnular appendages and ventral radiolar appendages both absent; ventral lips high and tubular, distally enlarged, distinctly yellowish colour on inner side, extending dorsoventrally along inner surface of base of radiolar lobes and connecting ventrally to the radiolar lobes; parallel lamellae and ventral sacs both absent (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFC9FFDFFC215DF99760FE4F" box="[954,1069,454,479]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1659,1682]" captionTargetBox="[189,1126,148,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-3@16.[183,1132,142,1627]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 7. Myxicola affinis (YPM IZ 002772.AN). A. entire worm; B, C. peristomial rings, ventral and lateral views, respectively; D. complex of ventral and dorsal lips; E. radiolar tip; F. pygidium; G. scheme of radiolar cross section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758482" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758482/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="1410">Figure 7D</figureCitation>
); outer radioles surface translucent, connected by high semi-transparent palmate membrane; radiolar tips &lt;1/5 of total radioles length, same colour as radioles, lanceolate, distally tapered, with blunt tips (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFC9FFDFFE245E119164FDD7" box="[447,553,558,583]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1659,1682]" captionTargetBox="[189,1126,148,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-3@16.[183,1132,142,1627]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 7. Myxicola affinis (YPM IZ 002772.AN). A. entire worm; B, C. peristomial rings, ventral and lateral views, respectively; D. complex of ventral and dorsal lips; E. radiolar tip; F. pygidium; G. scheme of radiolar cross section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758482" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758482/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="1410">Figure 7E</figureCitation>
); blunt pinnules, up to &lt;1/3 of total radioles length, same colour as radioles, in alternating arrangement along radiole; longest pinnules in medial position, gradually shortening to radiolar tips; radiolar skeleton with 8 vacuolated skeletal cells, roughly squared, disposed in two lateral groups of 4 cells surrounded by hyaline matrix; graft cells of pinnular skeleton small, undivided, ventrally contiguous to the latter (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFC9FFDFFE8F5EE392CDFD65" box="[276,384,732,757]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1659,1682]" captionTargetBox="[189,1126,148,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-3@16.[183,1132,142,1627]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 7. Myxicola affinis (YPM IZ 002772.AN). A. entire worm; B, C. peristomial rings, ventral and lateral views, respectively; D. complex of ventral and dorsal lips; E. radiolar tip; F. pygidium; G. scheme of radiolar cross section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758482" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758482/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="1410">Figure 7G</figureCitation>
). Radiolar eyes and peristomial eyes not visible. Glandular girdle near the posterior margin of chaetiger 2, hardly visible. Lateral eyes present from chaetiger 4; thoracic eyespots posterior to chaetal tufts and tori as single eyespots, shifting to more dorsal position in the abdomen and increasing in number (up to 2–3 units each side of chaetigers). Pygidium flattened; pygidial eyes not visible (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFC9FFDFFCB35F5990DCFCEF" box="[808,913,870,895]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1659,1682]" captionTargetBox="[189,1126,148,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-3@16.[183,1132,142,1627]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 7. Myxicola affinis (YPM IZ 002772.AN). A. entire worm; B, C. peristomial rings, ventral and lateral views, respectively; D. complex of ventral and dorsal lips; E. radiolar tip; F. pygidium; G. scheme of radiolar cross section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758482" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758482/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="1410">Figure 7F</figureCitation>
). Numerous narrowly hooded thoracic notochaetae with distinctly narrow wing extending from hood along the shaft, arranged circularly in tufts, decreasing in number of chaetae per fascicle along thorax; peristomial notochaetae slightly longer (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFC9FFDFFD225FF19073FC77" box="[697,830,974,999]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[160,225,1472,1495]" captionTargetBox="[166,1150,144,1438]" captionTargetId="figure-1@20.[163,1153,142,1441]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Myxicola affinis (YPM IZ 002772.AN). A. peristomium notochaeta; B. 4th chaetiger thoracic notochaeta; C. 24th chaetiger abdominal neurochaeta; D–F. 4th chaetiger thoracic uncinus, lateral (2) and front views, respectively; G–I. 24th chaetiger abdominal uncini. Scale bars: 0.02 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758488" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758488/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="1410">Figure 9A, B</figureCitation>
). Chaetigers 2–8 with curved acicular uncini, main fang surmounted by 3–4 small teeth shorter than half main fang length (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFC9FFDFFF6C582B92C4FBBD" box="[247,393,1044,1069]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[160,225,1472,1495]" captionTargetBox="[166,1150,144,1438]" captionTargetId="figure-1@20.[163,1153,142,1441]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Myxicola affinis (YPM IZ 002772.AN). A. peristomium notochaeta; B. 4th chaetiger thoracic notochaeta; C. 24th chaetiger abdominal neurochaeta; D–F. 4th chaetiger thoracic uncinus, lateral (2) and front views, respectively; G–I. 24th chaetiger abdominal uncini. Scale bars: 0.02 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758488" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758488/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="1410">Figures 9D, E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFC9FFDFFE09582B92F0FBBD" box="[402,445,1044,1069]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="29.[160,225,1202,1225]" captionTargetBox="[163,1147,149,1165]" captionTargetId="figure-128@29.[163,1153,142,1170]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figure 16. Photographs of thoracic and abdominal uncini, respectively, of American Myxicola species: A, B. M. affinis; C, D. M. glacialis; E, F. M. pacifica." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758508" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758508/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="1410">16A</figureCitation>
); frontal tooth distinctly longer than others, in apical position in frontal view (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFC9FFDFFEA8580992D6FBDF" box="[307,411,1078,1103]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[160,225,1472,1495]" captionTargetBox="[166,1150,144,1438]" captionTargetId="figure-1@20.[163,1153,142,1441]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Myxicola affinis (YPM IZ 002772.AN). A. peristomium notochaeta; B. 4th chaetiger thoracic notochaeta; C. 24th chaetiger abdominal neurochaeta; D–F. 4th chaetiger thoracic uncinus, lateral (2) and front views, respectively; G–I. 24th chaetiger abdominal uncini. Scale bars: 0.02 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758488" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758488/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="1410">Figure 9F</figureCitation>
); thoracic tori inconspicuous. Numerous narrowly hooded abdominal neurochaetae, similar to thoracic notochaetae, forming less conspicuous tufts, which significantly decrease in number of chaetae per fascicle through abdomen (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFC9FFDFFB925843973BFB05" box="[1033,1142,1148,1173]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[160,225,1472,1495]" captionTargetBox="[166,1150,144,1438]" captionTargetId="figure-1@20.[163,1153,142,1441]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Myxicola affinis (YPM IZ 002772.AN). A. peristomium notochaeta; B. 4th chaetiger thoracic notochaeta; C. 24th chaetiger abdominal neurochaeta; D–F. 4th chaetiger thoracic uncinus, lateral (2) and front views, respectively; G–I. 24th chaetiger abdominal uncini. Scale bars: 0.02 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758488" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758488/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="1410">Figure 9C</figureCitation>
). Abdominal uncini with apical tooth slightly longer than half main fang length (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFC9FFDFFB8A58A193FCFB4A" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[160,225,1472,1495]" captionTargetBox="[166,1150,144,1438]" captionTargetId="figure-1@20.[163,1153,142,1441]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Myxicola affinis (YPM IZ 002772.AN). A. peristomium notochaeta; B. 4th chaetiger thoracic notochaeta; C. 24th chaetiger abdominal neurochaeta; D–F. 4th chaetiger thoracic uncinus, lateral (2) and front views, respectively; G–I. 24th chaetiger abdominal uncini. Scale bars: 0.02 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758488" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758488/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="1410">Figure 9G, H</figureCitation>
), distinct notch on apical tooth underlines the presence of an additional tooth, attached to this latter, of same length (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFC9FFDFFE6E58DB9114FB6D" box="[501,601,1252,1277]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[160,225,1472,1495]" captionTargetBox="[166,1150,144,1438]" captionTargetId="figure-1@20.[163,1153,142,1441]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Myxicola affinis (YPM IZ 002772.AN). A. peristomium notochaeta; B. 4th chaetiger thoracic notochaeta; C. 24th chaetiger abdominal neurochaeta; D–F. 4th chaetiger thoracic uncinus, lateral (2) and front views, respectively; G–I. 24th chaetiger abdominal uncini. Scale bars: 0.02 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758488" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758488/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="1410">Figure 9I</figureCitation>
); breast rounded; main fang slightly longer than breast; handle vestigial; uncini as long as high (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFC9FFDFFD2D59399006FA8F" box="[694,843,1286,1311]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[160,225,1472,1495]" captionTargetBox="[166,1150,144,1438]" captionTargetId="figure-1@20.[163,1153,142,1441]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Myxicola affinis (YPM IZ 002772.AN). A. peristomium notochaeta; B. 4th chaetiger thoracic notochaeta; C. 24th chaetiger abdominal neurochaeta; D–F. 4th chaetiger thoracic uncinus, lateral (2) and front views, respectively; G–I. 24th chaetiger abdominal uncini. Scale bars: 0.02 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758488" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758488/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="1410">Figures 9F, G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFC9FFDFFCCE59399032FA8F" box="[853,895,1286,1311]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="29.[160,225,1202,1225]" captionTargetBox="[163,1147,149,1165]" captionTargetId="figure-128@29.[163,1153,142,1170]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figure 16. Photographs of thoracic and abdominal uncini, respectively, of American Myxicola species: A, B. M. affinis; C, D. M. glacialis; E, F. M. pacifica." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758508" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758508/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="1410">16B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DCB0662DFFC8FFDEFF3B5A4492DCF95C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758482" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13758482" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758482/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="1409" startId="16.[160,225,1659,1682]" targetBox="[189,1126,148,1626]" targetPageId="16" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="887036A5FFC8FFDEFF3B5A4492DCF95C" blockId="16.[160,1155,1659,1740]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1409">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC8FFDEFF3B5A4493B1F902" bold="true" box="[160,252,1659,1682]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1409">Figure 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFC8FFDEFE9D5A4492D1F902" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="1905" box="[262,412,1659,1682]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="1409" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC8FFDEFE9D5A4492D1F902" box="[262,412,1659,1682]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1409">Myxicola affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(YPM IZ 002772.AN).
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC8FFDEFDE75A4491C6F902" bold="true" box="[636,651,1659,1682]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1409">A</emphasis>
. entire worm;
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC8FFDEFCB85A44907CF902" bold="true" box="[803,817,1659,1682]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1409">B</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC8FFDEFCDB5A449003F902" bold="true" box="[832,846,1659,1682]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1409">C</emphasis>
. peristomial rings, ventral and lateral views, respectively;
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC8FFDEFE385AA792FEF93F" bold="true" box="[419,435,1688,1711]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1409">D</emphasis>
. complex of ventral and dorsal lips;
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC8FFDEFC895AA79053F93F" bold="true" box="[786,798,1688,1711]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1409">E</emphasis>
. radiolar tip;
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC8FFDEFC055AA790E7F93F" bold="true" box="[926,938,1688,1711]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1409">F</emphasis>
. pygidium;
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC8FFDEFB855AA79763F93F" bold="true" box="[1054,1070,1688,1711]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1409">G</emphasis>
. scheme of radiolar cross section.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C0D5652EFFC9FFD8FF3B5973927CFE2D" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="1415" pageId="17" pageNumber="1410" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="887036A5FFC9FFDFFF3B5973924BFAF6" blockId="17.[160,1156,1356,1728]" box="[160,262,1356,1382]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1410">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC9FFDFFF3B5973924BFAF6" bold="true" box="[160,262,1356,1382]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1410">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="887036A5FFC9FFDDFF3B59509739FDFA" blockId="17.[160,1156,1356,1728]" lastBlockId="19.[159,1156,142,1727]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="1412" pageId="17" pageNumber="1410">
The
<typeStatus id="57748807FFC9FFDFFF485950927AFA18" box="[211,311,1391,1416]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1410" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFC9FFDFFEFB59509292FA18" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1919" box="[352,479,1391,1416]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="17" pageNumber="1410" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="monacis">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFC9FFDFFEFB59509292FA18" box="[352,479,1391,1416]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1410">M. monacis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MCZ: IZ: ANNb-2170) is complete but had evidently been desiccated and rehydrated at some point. Body grey-yellowish; sub-cylindrical, flattened dorso-ventrally; crown clearer in colour (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFC9FFDFFDC4598A9184FA5E" box="[607,713,1461,1486]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="18.[160,225,1658,1681]" captionTargetBox="[190,1120,144,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-3@18.[188,1127,142,1627]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 8. Myxicola affinis (as M. monacis in Chamberlin 1919; MCZ: IZ: ANNb-2170). A. entire worm; B, C. peristomial ring, ventral and lateral views, respectively; D. complex of ventral and dorsal lips; E, F. radiolar tips; G. pygidium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758486" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758486/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="1410">Figure 8A</figureCitation>
). Body
<quantity id="4F379B40FFC9FFDFFC80598A902EFA5E" box="[795,867,1461,1486]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="17" pageNumber="1410" unit="cm" value="3.6">3.6 cm</quantity>
long; 8 thoracic chaetiger and 65 abdominal segments; maximum width
<quantity id="4F379B40FFC9FFDFFD2959E89047FA60" box="[690,778,1495,1520]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="1410" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
; thorax longer than wide. Crown, with 22 pairs of radioles. Peristomium
<quantity id="4F379B40FFC9FFDFFDDE59C591D5F983" box="[581,664,1530,1555]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="17" pageNumber="1410" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
long; anterior and posterior peristomial ring indistinctly separated; mid-ventral lobe filiform and rounded (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFC9FFDFFCF45A229091F9A6" box="[879,988,1565,1590]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="18.[160,225,1658,1681]" captionTargetBox="[190,1120,144,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-3@18.[188,1127,142,1627]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 8. Myxicola affinis (as M. monacis in Chamberlin 1919; MCZ: IZ: ANNb-2170). A. entire worm; B, C. peristomial ring, ventral and lateral views, respectively; D. complex of ventral and dorsal lips; E, F. radiolar tips; G. pygidium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758486" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758486/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="1410">Figure 8B</figureCitation>
); peristomium low, with narrow mid-lateral incision; junction between body and crown visible all along peristomium (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFC9FFDFFED85A5D92FEF9EB" box="[323,435,1634,1659]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="18.[160,225,1658,1681]" captionTargetBox="[190,1120,144,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-3@18.[188,1127,142,1627]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 8. Myxicola affinis (as M. monacis in Chamberlin 1919; MCZ: IZ: ANNb-2170). A. entire worm; B, C. peristomial ring, ventral and lateral views, respectively; D. complex of ventral and dorsal lips; E, F. radiolar tips; G. pygidium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758486" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758486/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="1410">Figure 8C</figureCitation>
). Dorsal lips with long filiform radiolar appendages; pinnular appendages and ventral radiolar appendages both absent; ventral lips high and tubular, distally enlarged, extending dorsoventrally along inner surface of base of radiolar lobes, connecting ventrally to the radiolar lobes; parallel lamellae and ventral sacs both absent (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFCBFFDDFF335C8E925AFF5A" box="[168,279,177,202]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="18.[160,225,1658,1681]" captionTargetBox="[190,1120,144,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-3@18.[188,1127,142,1627]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 8. Myxicola affinis (as M. monacis in Chamberlin 1919; MCZ: IZ: ANNb-2170). A. entire worm; B, C. peristomial ring, ventral and lateral views, respectively; D. complex of ventral and dorsal lips; E, F. radiolar tips; G. pygidium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758486" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758486/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="1412">Figure 8D</figureCitation>
). Radioles connected by high semi-transparent palmate membrane. Radiolar tips tongue shaped (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFCBFFDDFE0D5CEB916FFF7D" box="[406,546,212,237]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="18.[160,225,1658,1681]" captionTargetBox="[190,1120,144,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-3@18.[188,1127,142,1627]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 8. Myxicola affinis (as M. monacis in Chamberlin 1919; MCZ: IZ: ANNb-2170). A. entire worm; B, C. peristomial ring, ventral and lateral views, respectively; D. complex of ventral and dorsal lips; E, F. radiolar tips; G. pygidium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758486" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758486/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="1412">Figure 8E, F</figureCitation>
). Radiolar and peristomial eyes not visible. Radiolar skeleton not visible. Glandular girdle on posterior margin of chaetiger 2. Lateral eyes, thoracic eyespots posterior to chaetal tufts and tori as double eyespots, shifting dorsally and increasing in number in the abdomen (up to 3 units on each side of posterior abdomen). Pygidium flattened; pygidial eyes dark, numerous laterally (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFCBFFDDFB9B5D619738FEE7" box="[1024,1141,350,375]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="18.[160,225,1658,1681]" captionTargetBox="[190,1120,144,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-3@18.[188,1127,142,1627]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 8. Myxicola affinis (as M. monacis in Chamberlin 1919; MCZ: IZ: ANNb-2170). A. entire worm; B, C. peristomial ring, ventral and lateral views, respectively; D. complex of ventral and dorsal lips; E, F. radiolar tips; G. pygidium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758486" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758486/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="1412">Figure 8G</figureCitation>
). Numerous broadly hooded thoracic notochaetae, arranged circularly in tufts (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFCBFFDDFBA05DBE9386FE2D" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="21.[160,225,992,1015]" captionTargetBox="[166,1126,145,958]" captionTargetId="figure-236@21.[163,1153,142,961]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 10. Myxicola affinis (as M. monacis in Chamberlin 1919; MCZ: IZ: ANNb-2170). A. abdominal neurochaeta; B–E. abdominal uncini. Scale bars: 0.02 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758490" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758490/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="1412">Figure 10A</figureCitation>
). Peristomial notochaetae, thoracic notochaetae and thoracic uncini not available. Thoracic tori inconspicuous. Abdominal neurochaetae narrowly hooded, with tapering tips. Abdominal uncini with apical tooth slightly longer than half main fang length (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFCBFFDDFBA75DD693A5FDB5" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="21.[160,225,992,1015]" captionTargetBox="[166,1126,145,958]" captionTargetId="figure-236@21.[163,1153,142,961]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 10. Myxicola affinis (as M. monacis in Chamberlin 1919; MCZ: IZ: ANNb-2170). A. abdominal neurochaeta; B–E. abdominal uncini. Scale bars: 0.02 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758490" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758490/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="1412">Figure 10B, C</figureCitation>
), distinct notch on apical tooth underlines the presence of an additional tooth, attached to this latter, of same length or shorter (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFCBFFDDFD455E11903AFDD7" box="[734,887,558,583]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="21.[160,225,992,1015]" captionTargetBox="[166,1126,145,958]" captionTargetId="figure-236@21.[163,1153,142,961]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 10. Myxicola affinis (as M. monacis in Chamberlin 1919; MCZ: IZ: ANNb-2170). A. abdominal neurochaeta; B–E. abdominal uncini. Scale bars: 0.02 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758490" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758490/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="1412">Figure 10D, E</figureCitation>
); breast rounded; main fang slightly longer than breast; handle vestigial; uncini as long as high (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFCBFFDDFC485E6E972AFDFA" box="[979,1127,593,618]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="21.[160,225,992,1015]" captionTargetBox="[166,1126,145,958]" captionTargetId="figure-236@21.[163,1153,142,961]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 10. Myxicola affinis (as M. monacis in Chamberlin 1919; MCZ: IZ: ANNb-2170). A. abdominal neurochaeta; B–E. abdominal uncini. Scale bars: 0.02 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758490" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758490/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="1412">Figure 10B, C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DCB0662DFFCAFFDCFF3B5A4592EFF95C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758486" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13758486" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758486/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="1411" startId="18.[160,225,1658,1681]" targetBox="[190,1120,144,1622]" targetPageId="18" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="887036A5FFCAFFDCFF3B5A4592EFF95C" blockId="18.[160,1155,1658,1740]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1411">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCAFFDCFF3B5A4593B4F901" bold="true" box="[160,249,1658,1681]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1411">Figure 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFCAFFDCFF645A4592DFF901" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="1905" box="[255,402,1658,1681]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="18" pageNumber="1411" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCAFFDCFF645A4592DFF901" box="[255,402,1658,1681]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1411">Myxicola affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFCAFFDCFE215A459164F901" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1919" box="[442,553,1658,1681]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="18" pageNumber="1411" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="monacis">M. monacis</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="EC5E4B54FFCAFFDCFDDC5A4591A2F901" author="Chamberlin RV" box="[583,751,1658,1681]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1411" pagination="1 - 23" refId="ref13017" refString="Chamberlin RV. 1919. New polychaetous annelids from laguna beach, California. J Entomol Zool Pomona College. 11: 1 - 23." type="journal article" year="1919">Chamberlin 1919</bibRefCitation>
; MCZ: IZ: ANNb-2170).
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCAFFDCFC495A4590ACF901" bold="true" box="[978,993,1658,1681]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1411">A</emphasis>
. entire worm;
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCAFFDCFBEB5A459733F901" bold="true" box="[1136,1150,1658,1681]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1411">B</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCAFFDCFF3B5AA793E3F93F" bold="true" box="[160,174,1688,1711]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1411">C</emphasis>
. peristomial ring, ventral and lateral views, respectively;
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCAFFDCFD7B5AA791BDF93F" bold="true" box="[736,752,1688,1711]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1411">D</emphasis>
. complex of ventral and dorsal lips;
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCAFFDCFBC25AA79728F93F" bold="true" box="[1113,1125,1688,1711]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1411">E</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCAFFDCFBE95AA79733F93F" bold="true" box="[1138,1150,1688,1711]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1411">F</emphasis>
. radiolar tips;
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCAFFDCFEB95A8A927FF95C" bold="true" box="[290,306,1717,1740]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1411">G</emphasis>
. pygidium.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="887036A5FFCBFFDDFF5B5E4B906FFC77" blockId="19.[159,1156,142,1727]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1412">
These specimens were examined to check the validity of
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFCBFFDDFCDD5E4B9766FD1D" authority="Bush, 1905" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="1905" box="[838,1067,628,653]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="19" pageNumber="1412" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCBFFDDFCDD5E4B90E4FD1D" box="[838,937,628,653]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1412">M. affinis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EC5E4B54FFCBFFDDFC295E4B9766FD1D" author="Bush KJ" box="[946,1067,628,653]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1412" pagination="169 - 346" refId="ref12888" refString="Bush KJ. 1905. Tubicolous annelids of the tribes sabellides and serpulides from the Pacific Ocean. New York: Doubleday; p. 169 - 346." type="book chapter" year="1905">Bush, 1905</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFCBFFDDFBF25E4B92F6FD3F" authority="Chamberlin, 1919" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1919" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="19" pageNumber="1412" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="monacis">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCBFFDDFBF25E4B93BAFD3F" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1412">M. monacis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EC5E4B54FFCBFFDDFF665EA992F6FD3F" author="Chamberlin RV" box="[253,443,662,687]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1412" pagination="1 - 23" refId="ref13017" refString="Chamberlin RV. 1919. New polychaetous annelids from laguna beach, California. J Entomol Zool Pomona College. 11: 1 - 23." type="journal article" year="1919">Chamberlin, 1919</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Our findings concerning
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFCBFFDDFD4A5EA9907DFD3F" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="1905" box="[721,816,662,687]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="19" pageNumber="1412" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCBFFDDFD4A5EA9907DFD3F" box="[721,816,662,687]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1412">M. affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are consistent with the original description by
<bibRefCitation id="EC5E4B54FFCBFFDDFED95E86928FFD42" author="Bush KJ" box="[322,450,697,722]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1412" pagination="169 - 346" refId="ref12888" refString="Bush KJ. 1905. Tubicolous annelids of the tribes sabellides and serpulides from the Pacific Ocean. New York: Doubleday; p. 169 - 346." type="book chapter" year="1905">Bush (1905)</bibRefCitation>
: the differences refer to morphology of radiolar tips, reported as ‘[…] long, slender and tapered […]’ (
<bibRefCitation id="EC5E4B54FFCBFFDDFDBD5EE391D5FD65" author="Bush KJ" box="[550,664,732,757]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1412" pagination="169 - 346" refId="ref12888" refString="Bush KJ. 1905. Tubicolous annelids of the tribes sabellides and serpulides from the Pacific Ocean. New York: Doubleday; p. 169 - 346." type="book chapter" year="1905">Bush 1905</bibRefCitation>
: p. 218) and measuring
<quantity id="4F379B40FFCBFFDDFC025EE39097FD65" box="[921,986,732,757]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="1412" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
, and the length of the body and of the peristomium, both measuring
<quantity id="4F379B40FFCBFFDDFC925EC1902CFC87" box="[777,865,766,791]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="1412" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
; both these latter can be explained by a double typing error, while the measure of the radiolar tips remains unexplained.Illustrations from the original description are consistent with the observed characters; the only difference regards the abdominal uncini, where one of them shows a main fang clearly shorter than breast and both do not show the distinctive notch on the apical tooth, nor the additional tooth above it (
<bibRefCitation id="EC5E4B54FFCBFFDDFE425F939104FC55" author="Bush KJ" box="[473,585,940,965]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1412" pagination="169 - 346" refId="ref12888" refString="Bush KJ. 1905. Tubicolous annelids of the tribes sabellides and serpulides from the Pacific Ocean. New York: Doubleday; p. 169 - 346." type="book chapter" year="1905">Bush 1905</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 14O1, O2).However, it should be noted that even with today’s instruments these characters are barely visible.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="887036A5FFCBFFDDFF5B5FCE919CFB27" blockId="19.[159,1156,142,1727]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1412">
A comparison with the original description of
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFCBFFDDFD595FCE9754FB9A" authority="(Chamberlin, 1919)" baseAuthorityName="Chamberlin" baseAuthorityYear="1919" box="[706,1049,1009,1034]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="19" pageNumber="1412" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="monacis">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCBFFDDFD595FCE9073FB9A" box="[706,830,1009,1034]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1412">M. monacis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EC5E4B54FFCBFFDDFCD15FCE975CFB9A" author="Chamberlin RV" box="[842,1041,1009,1034]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1412" pagination="1 - 23" refId="ref13017" refString="Chamberlin RV. 1919. New polychaetous annelids from laguna beach, California. J Entomol Zool Pomona College. 11: 1 - 23." type="journal article" year="1919">Chamberlin, 1919</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
is impossible, as that description was structured as a point-by-point comparison with
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFCBFFDDFB96582B97CEFBBD" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="1901" box="[1037,1155,1044,1069]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="19" pageNumber="1412" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pacifica">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCBFFDDFB96582B97CEFBBD" box="[1037,1155,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1412">M. pacifica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and does not describe the majority of characters nowadays considered informative. However, biometry and presence of a ‘[…] ventral median process from the first segment drawn out into a slender entire tip […]’, probably referring to lips and radiolar appendages, are consistent with the examined material.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="887036A5FFCBFFDDFF5B58FE9097F92F" blockId="19.[159,1156,142,1727]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1412">
The
<typeStatus id="57748807FFCBFFDDFF6B58FE9210FB4A" box="[240,349,1217,1242]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1412" type="holotype">holotypes</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFCBFFDDFE1958FE92A9FB4A" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="1905" box="[386,484,1217,1242]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="19" pageNumber="1412" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCBFFDDFE1958FE92A9FB4A" box="[386,484,1217,1242]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1412">M. affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFCBFFDDFD8658FE91DAFB4A" baseAuthorityName="Chamberlin" baseAuthorityYear="1919" box="[541,663,1217,1242]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="19" pageNumber="1412" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="monacis">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCBFFDDFD8658FE91DAFB4A" box="[541,663,1217,1242]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1412">M. monacis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
show important similarities. In addition to a similar general appearance, biometry and proximity of type localities, the
<specimenCount id="9EC9FD2CFFCBFFDDFC4758DB97CEFB6D" box="[988,1155,1252,1277]" count="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="1412" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
show almost identical morphology of lips and radiolar appendages, which is rather peculiar among North American
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFCBFFDDFE3D59169114FAD2" box="[422,601,1321,1346]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1412">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCBFFDDFE3D59169149FAD2" box="[422,516,1321,1346]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1412">Myxicola</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFCBFFDDFDFE59169194FAD2" box="[613,729,1321,1346]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="16.[160,225,1659,1682]" captionTargetBox="[189,1126,148,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-3@16.[183,1132,142,1627]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 7. Myxicola affinis (YPM IZ 002772.AN). A. entire worm; B, C. peristomial rings, ventral and lateral views, respectively; D. complex of ventral and dorsal lips; E. radiolar tip; F. pygidium; G. scheme of radiolar cross section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758482" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758482/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="1412">Figures 7D</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFCBFFDDFC9659169061FAD2" box="[781,812,1321,1346]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="18.[160,225,1658,1681]" captionTargetBox="[190,1120,144,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-3@18.[188,1127,142,1627]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 8. Myxicola affinis (as M. monacis in Chamberlin 1919; MCZ: IZ: ANNb-2170). A. entire worm; B, C. peristomial ring, ventral and lateral views, respectively; D. complex of ventral and dorsal lips; E, F. radiolar tips; G. pygidium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758486" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758486/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="1412">8D</figureCitation>
), as well as the overall structure of mid-ventral lobe and peristomium, even though they are damaged in the second specimen (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFCBFFDDFF7F5951921CFA17" box="[228,337,1390,1415]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="18.[160,225,1658,1681]" captionTargetBox="[190,1120,144,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-3@18.[188,1127,142,1627]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 8. Myxicola affinis (as M. monacis in Chamberlin 1919; MCZ: IZ: ANNb-2170). A. entire worm; B, C. peristomial ring, ventral and lateral views, respectively; D. complex of ventral and dorsal lips; E, F. radiolar tips; G. pygidium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758486" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758486/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="1412">Figure 8B</figureCitation>
). Abdominal uncini also show similar morphology in those specimens, especially regarding the presence of a distinctive notch on the apical tooth, unveiling the presence of a secondary tooth, attached to the apical tooth (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFCBFFDDFCFC598B90BEFA5D" box="[871,1011,1460,1485]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[160,225,1472,1495]" captionTargetBox="[166,1150,144,1438]" captionTargetId="figure-1@20.[163,1153,142,1441]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Myxicola affinis (YPM IZ 002772.AN). A. peristomium notochaeta; B. 4th chaetiger thoracic notochaeta; C. 24th chaetiger abdominal neurochaeta; D–F. 4th chaetiger thoracic uncinus, lateral (2) and front views, respectively; G–I. 24th chaetiger abdominal uncini. Scale bars: 0.02 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758488" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758488/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="1412">Figures 9G–I</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFCBFFDDFBA8598B973BFA5D" box="[1075,1142,1460,1485]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="21.[160,225,992,1015]" captionTargetBox="[166,1126,145,958]" captionTargetId="figure-236@21.[163,1153,142,961]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 10. Myxicola affinis (as M. monacis in Chamberlin 1919; MCZ: IZ: ANNb-2170). A. abdominal neurochaeta; B–E. abdominal uncini. Scale bars: 0.02 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758490" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758490/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="1412">10B–E</figureCitation>
). Differences can be found in the number of thoracic eyespots (
<quantity id="4F379B40FFCBFFDDFCCA59E99031FA7F" box="[849,892,1494,1519]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="19" pageNumber="1412" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFCBFFDDFC1859E990B3FA7F" baseAuthorityName="Chamberlin" baseAuthorityYear="1919" box="[899,1022,1494,1519]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="19" pageNumber="1412" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="monacis">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCBFFDDFC1859E990B3FA7F" box="[899,1022,1494,1519]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1412">M. monacis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<quantity id="4F379B40FFCBFFDDFBAC59E9972CFA7F" box="[1079,1121,1494,1519]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="19" pageNumber="1412" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFCBFFDDFBF259E993ADF982" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="1905" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="19" pageNumber="1412" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCBFFDDFBF259E993ADF982" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1412">M. affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and in the presence of a more evident basal posterior prolongation of the abdominal uncini in
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFCBFFDDFE9D5A23922AF9A5" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="1905" box="[262,359,1564,1589]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="19" pageNumber="1412" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCBFFDDFE9D5A23922AF9A5" box="[262,359,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1412">M. affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFCBFFDDFEEE5A2392B0F9A5" box="[373,509,1564,1589]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="20.[160,225,1472,1495]" captionTargetBox="[166,1150,144,1438]" captionTargetId="figure-1@20.[163,1153,142,1441]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 9. Myxicola affinis (YPM IZ 002772.AN). A. peristomium notochaeta; B. 4th chaetiger thoracic notochaeta; C. 24th chaetiger abdominal neurochaeta; D–F. 4th chaetiger thoracic uncinus, lateral (2) and front views, respectively; G–I. 24th chaetiger abdominal uncini. Scale bars: 0.02 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758488" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758488/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="1412">Figure 9G, H</figureCitation>
). However, this could be due to compression by the cover slide as the original slide from Chamberlin is of a remarkable thickness, making it difficult to focus on the different elements. Despite an apparently good state of preservation, it was impossible to obtain information from new slides from
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFCBFFDDFD6F5ABB9021F90D" baseAuthorityName="Chamberlin" baseAuthorityYear="1919" box="[756,876,1668,1693]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="19" pageNumber="1412" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="monacis">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCBFFDDFD6F5ABB9021F90D" box="[756,876,1668,1693]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1412">M. monacis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, forcing us to rely only on the original description, which does not include thoracic uncini or chaetae.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DCB0662DFFCCFFDAFF3B59FF9200F9A2" pageId="20" pageNumber="1413" startId="20.[160,225,1472,1495]" targetBox="[166,1150,144,1438]" targetPageId="20">
<paragraph id="887036A5FFCCFFDAFF3B59FF9076F982" blockId="20.[160,1155,1466,1586]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1413">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCCFFDAFF3B59FF93B6FA47" bold="true" box="[160,251,1472,1495]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1413">Figure 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFCCFFDAFE9F59FF92D5FA47" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="1905" box="[260,408,1472,1495]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="1413" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCCFFDAFE9F59FF92D5FA47" box="[260,408,1472,1495]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1413">Myxicola affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(YPM IZ 002772.AN).
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCCFFDAFDEF59FF91CEFA47" bold="true" box="[628,643,1472,1495]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1413">A</emphasis>
. peristomium notochaeta;
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCCFFDAFC0959FF90EDFA47" bold="true" box="[914,928,1472,1495]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1413">B</emphasis>
. 4th chaetiger thoracic notochaeta;
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCCFFDAFE8059E19264FA65" bold="true" box="[283,297,1502,1525]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1413">C</emphasis>
. 24th chaetiger abdominal neurochaeta;
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCCFFDAFD2659E191AAFA65" bold="true" box="[701,743,1502,1525]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1413">D–F</emphasis>
. 4th chaetiger thoracic uncinus, lateral (2) and front views, respectively;
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCCFFDAFE5C59C492A6F982" bold="true" box="[455,491,1531,1554]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1413">G–I</emphasis>
. 24th chaetiger abdominal uncini.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="887036A5FFCCFFDAFF3B5A219200F9A2" blockId="20.[160,1155,1466,1586]" box="[160,333,1566,1586]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1413">
Scale bars:
<quantity id="4F379B40FFCCFFDAFF655A219204F9A2" box="[254,329,1566,1586]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="1413" unit="mm" value="0.02">0.02 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DCB0662DFFCDFFDBFF3B5FDF9200FBA4" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414" startId="21.[160,225,992,1015]" targetBox="[166,1126,145,958]" targetPageId="21">
<paragraph id="887036A5FFCDFFDBFF3B5FDF9140FB85" blockId="21.[160,1155,992,1076]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCDFFDBFF3B5FDF9245FC67" bold="true" box="[160,264,992,1015]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414">Figure 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFCDFFDBFE8A5FDF92EBFC67" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="1905" box="[273,422,992,1015]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCDFFDBFE8A5FDF92EBFC67" box="[273,422,992,1015]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414">Myxicola affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFCDFFDBFE495FDF910EFC67" baseAuthorityName="Chamberlin" baseAuthorityYear="1919" box="[466,579,992,1015]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="monacis">M. monacis</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="EC5E4B54FFCDFFDBFDFC5FDF905CFC67" author="Chamberlin RV" box="[615,785,992,1015]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414" pagination="1 - 23" refId="ref13017" refString="Chamberlin RV. 1919. New polychaetous annelids from laguna beach, California. J Entomol Zool Pomona College. 11: 1 - 23." type="journal article" year="1919">Chamberlin 1919</bibRefCitation>
; MCZ: IZ: ANNb-2170).
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCDFFDBFC655FDF9740FC67" bold="true" box="[1022,1037,992,1015]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414">A</emphasis>
. abdominal neurochaeta;
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCDFFDBFEBC5FC19202FB85" bold="true" box="[295,335,1022,1045]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414">B–E</emphasis>
. abdominal uncini.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="887036A5FFCDFFDBFF3B581F9200FBA4" blockId="21.[160,1155,992,1076]" box="[160,333,1056,1076]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414">
Scale bars:
<quantity id="4F379B40FFCDFFDBFF65581F9204FBA4" box="[254,329,1056,1076]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414" unit="mm" value="0.02">0.02 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="887036A5FFCDFFDBFF5B586692DEFAD2" blockId="21.[160,1156,1113,1728]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414">
The lack of information about the morphology of thoracic uncini and radiolar structures prevents the possibility to obtain a full comparison between the specimens analysed. As result, the only clear difference between
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFCDFFDBFD4F58A0907BFB28" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="1905" box="[724,822,1183,1208]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCDFFDBFD4F58A0907BFB28" box="[724,822,1183,1208]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414">M. affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFCDFFDBFCF458A090A6FB28" baseAuthorityName="Chamberlin" baseAuthorityYear="1919" box="[879,1003,1183,1208]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="monacis">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCDFFDBFCF458A090A6FB28" box="[879,1003,1183,1208]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414">M. monacis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
concerns the number of eyespots, while a whole set of diagnostic characters is fully consistent between the
<specimenCount id="9EC9FD2CFFCDFFDBFF5058DB9238FB6D" box="[203,373,1252,1277]" count="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
. As consequence, at present we suggest that these two taxa should be regarded as synonymous (see Supplementary Material for the redescription of specimen MCZ: IZ: ANNb-2170).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="887036A5FFCDFFDBFF5B597391ADF982" blockId="21.[160,1156,1113,1728]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414">
Both
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFCDFFDBFF655973922FFAF5" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="1905" box="[254,354,1356,1381]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCDFFDBFF655973922FFAF5" box="[254,354,1356,1381]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414">M. affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFCDFFDBFE0459739153FAF5" baseAuthorityName="Chamberlin" baseAuthorityYear="1919" box="[415,542,1356,1381]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="monacis">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCDFFDBFE0459739153FAF5" box="[415,542,1356,1381]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414">M. monacis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were synonymised with
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFCDFFDBFCA5597390B9FAF5" baseAuthorityName="Montagu" baseAuthorityYear="1808" box="[830,1012,1356,1381]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="infundibulum">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCDFFDBFCA5597390B9FAF5" box="[830,1012,1356,1381]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414">M. infundibulum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EC5E4B54FFCDFFDBFBB9597393AAFA18" author="Hartman O" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414" pagination="1 - 98" refId="ref13510" refString="Hartman O. 1942. A review of the types of polychaetous annelids at the peabody museum of natural history, Yale University. Bull Biol Oceanographic Coll. 8: 1 - 98." type="journal article" year="1942">Hartman (1942)</bibRefCitation>
, who did not examine the
<typeStatus id="57748807FFCDFFDBFD9059509170FA18" box="[523,573,1391,1416]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414">type</typeStatus>
material. However, this species can be differentiated from
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFCDFFDBFF4559AE92DEFA3A" baseAuthorityName="Montagu" baseAuthorityYear="1808" box="[222,403,1425,1450]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="infundibulum">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCDFFDBFF4559AE92DEFA3A" box="[222,403,1425,1450]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414">M. infundibulum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on pigmentation, morphology of lips and associated structures, radiolar skeleton, radiolar tip, mid-ventral lobe and morphology of both thoracic and abdominal uncini. The same characters distinguish
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFCDFFDBFCB359E890C0FA60" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="1905" box="[808,909,1495,1520]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCDFFDBFCB359E890C0FA60" box="[808,909,1495,1520]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414">M. affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFCDFFDBFC4359E89730FA60" authorityName="Darbyshire" authorityYear="2023" box="[984,1149,1495,1520]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="polychroma">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCDFFDBFC4359E89730FA60" box="[984,1149,1495,1520]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414">M. polychroma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, except for pigmentation and shape of radiolar tips.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="887036A5FFCDFFD8FF5B5A23927CFE2D" blockId="21.[160,1156,1113,1728]" lastBlockId="22.[160,1156,142,445]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="1415" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414">
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFCDFFDBFF5B5A239227F9A5" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="1905" box="[192,362,1564,1589]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCDFFDBFF5B5A239227F9A5" box="[192,362,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414">Myxicola affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a small species of the
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFCDFFDBFD155A239068F9A5" baseAuthorityName="Montagu" baseAuthorityYear="1808" box="[654,805,1564,1589]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="infundibulum">
‘
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCDFFDBFD085A239068F9A5" box="[659,805,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414">infundibulum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group’ (8 thoracic chaetigers), with a low number of abdominal chaetigers (&lt;70) (
<bibRefCitation id="EC5E4B54FFCDFFDBFD485A00908DF9C8" author="Putignano M &amp; Gravili C &amp; Giangrande A" box="[723,960,1599,1624]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414" pagination="506 - 546" refId="ref13864" refString="Putignano M, Gravili C, Giangrande A. 2023. The peculiar case of Myxicola infundibulum (Polychaeta: Sabellidae): echo from a science 200 years old and description of four new taxa in the Mediterranean Sea. Eur Zool J. 90 (1): 506 - 546. doi: 10.1080 / 24750263.2023.2219710." type="journal article" year="2023">
Putignano
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCDFFDBFCD45A009030F9C8" box="[847,893,1599,1624]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414">et al</emphasis>
. 2023
</bibRefCitation>
). This species has several similarities to
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFCDFFDBFE015A5E90BBF9EA" authority="Putignano, Gravili and Giangrande, 2023" authorityName="Putignano, Gravili and Giangrande" authorityYear="2023" box="[410,1014,1633,1658]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="mikacae">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCDFFDBFE015A5E9157F9EA" box="[410,538,1633,1658]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414">M. mikacae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EC5E4B54FFCDFFDBFDBF5A5E90BBF9EA" author="Putignano M &amp; Gravili C &amp; Giangrande A" box="[548,1014,1633,1658]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414" pagination="506 - 546" refId="ref13864" refString="Putignano M, Gravili C, Giangrande A. 2023. The peculiar case of Myxicola infundibulum (Polychaeta: Sabellidae): echo from a science 200 years old and description of four new taxa in the Mediterranean Sea. Eur Zool J. 90 (1): 506 - 546. doi: 10.1080 / 24750263.2023.2219710." type="journal article" year="2023">Putignano, Gravili and Giangrande, 2023</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFCDFFDBFB9E5A5E9224F90D" authority="Langerhans, 1884" authorityName="Langerhans" authorityYear="1884" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="violacea">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCDFFDBFB9E5A5E97CEF9EA" box="[1029,1155,1633,1658]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414">M. violacea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EC5E4B54FFCDFFDBFF3B5ABB9224F90D" author="Langerhans P" box="[160,361,1668,1693]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414" pagination="247 - 285" refId="ref13682" refString="Langerhans P. 1884. Die Wurmfauna von Madeira, IV. Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie. 40: 247 - 285." type="journal article" year="1884">Langerhans, 1884</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFCDFFDBFEE35ABB9133F90D" authority="Ehlers, 1912" authorityName="Ehlers" authorityYear="1912" box="[376,638,1668,1693]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sulcata">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCDFFDBFEE35ABB92A6F90D" box="[376,491,1668,1693]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414">M. sulcata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EC5E4B54FFCDFFDBFE6E5ABB9133F90D" author="Ehlers E" box="[501,638,1668,1693]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref13240" refString="Ehlers E. 1912. Polychaeta. National antarctic expedition. Nat Hist Zool. 6: 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="1912">Ehlers, 1912</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFCDFFDBFD155ABB90C9F90D" authority="Potts, 1928" authorityName="Potts" authorityYear="1928" box="[654,900,1668,1693]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="fauveli">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCDFFDBFD155ABB91B7F90D" box="[654,762,1668,1693]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414">M. fauveli</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EC5E4B54FFCDFFDBFC9F5ABB90C9F90D" author="Potts FA" box="[772,900,1668,1693]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414" pagination="693 - 705" refId="ref13828" refString="Potts FA. 1928. Zoological results of the Cambridge expedition to the Suez Canal. Report on the annelids (sedentary polychaetes). Trans Zool Soc Lond. 22: 693 - 705." type="journal article" year="1928">Potts, 1928</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFCDFFDBFC585ABB977BF90D" authorityName="Putignano &amp; Langeneck &amp; Giangrande" authorityYear="2024" box="[963,1078,1668,1693]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bushae" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCDFFDBFC585ABB977BF90D" box="[963,1078,1668,1693]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414">M. bushae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCDFFDBFBDB5ABB97CEF90D" bold="true" box="[1088,1155,1668,1693]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A18857CCFFCDFFDBFBDB5ABB97CEF90D" box="[1088,1155,1668,1693]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
However,
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFCDFFDBFE895A9892DDF950" authorityName="Putignano, Gravili and Giangrande" authorityYear="2023" box="[274,400,1703,1728]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="mikacae">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCDFFDBFE895A9892DDF950" box="[274,400,1703,1728]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414">M. mikacae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFCDFFDBFDB85A9891CAF950" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="1905" box="[547,647,1703,1728]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCDFFDBFDB85A9891CAF950" box="[547,647,1703,1728]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1414">M. affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having club-like radiolar appendages and radiolar skeleton composed of a single row of cells, and
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFCEFFD8FC8B5CB19035FF37" authorityName="Potts" authorityYear="1928" box="[784,888,142,167]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="1415" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="fauveli">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCEFFD8FC8B5CB19035FF37" box="[784,888,142,167]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1415">M. fauveli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the complex hyaline radiolar structures in subterminal position.
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFCEFFD8FDE55C8E907CFF5A" authorityName="Ehlers" authorityYear="1912" box="[638,817,177,202]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="1415" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sulcata">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCEFFD8FDE55C8E907CFF5A" box="[638,817,177,202]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1415">Myxicola sulcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs in the shape of radiolar appendages and thoracic uncini (showing a longer main fang and only one apical tooth in
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFCEFFD8FF3B5CC99259FE9F" authorityName="Ehlers" authorityYear="1912" box="[160,276,246,271]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="1415" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sulcata">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCEFFD8FF3B5CC99259FE9F" box="[160,276,246,271]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1415">M. sulcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and abdominal uncini, showing a ‘minute handle’ (
<bibRefCitation id="EC5E4B54FFCEFFD8FCE75CC9939AFEA2" author="Tovar-Hernandez MA &amp; de Leon-Gonzalez JA &amp; Bybee DR" pageId="22" pageNumber="1415" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref14107" refString="Tovar-Hernandez MA, de Leon-Gonzalez JA, Bybee DR. 2017. Sabellid worms from the Patagonian shelf and Humboldt current system (Annelida, Sabellidae): phyllis Knight-Jones' and Jose Maria Orensanz's collections. Zootaxa. 4283: 1 - 64. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4283.1.1." type="journal article" year="2017">
Tovar-Hernández
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCEFFD8FBD15CC99733FE9F" box="[1098,1150,246,271]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1415">et al</emphasis>
. 2017
</bibRefCitation>
) and lacking the second, attached apical tooth, while
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFCEFFD8FCD95D2690F3FEA2" authorityName="Langerhans" authorityYear="1884" box="[834,958,281,306]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="1415" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="violacea">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCEFFD8FCD95D2690F3FEA2" box="[834,958,281,306]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1415">M. violacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs mainly by the presence of peristomial eyes and in the number of radiolar skeleton cells (one, in lateral view). Lastly,
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFCEFFD8FE135D6192B4FEE7" authorityName="Putignano &amp; Langeneck &amp; Giangrande" authorityYear="2024" box="[392,505,350,375]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="1415" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bushae" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCEFFD8FE135D6192B4FEE7" box="[392,505,350,375]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1415">M. bushae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCEFFD8FD985D619108FEE7" bold="true" box="[515,581,350,375]" pageId="22" pageNumber="1415">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A18857CCFFCEFFD8FD985D619108FEE7" box="[515,581,350,375]" pageId="22" pageNumber="1415" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
differs by the radiolar skeleton, abdominal uncini (which lack the second, attached apical tooth) and the morphology of radiolar appendages.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C0D5652EFFCEFFD8FF3B5DD2972AFDDD" pageId="22" pageNumber="1415" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="887036A5FFCEFFD8FF3B5DD29288FD97" blockId="22.[160,1155,493,589]" box="[160,453,493,519]" pageId="22" pageNumber="1415">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFCEFFD8FF3B5DD29288FD97" bold="true" box="[160,453,493,519]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1415">Distribution and ecology</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="887036A5FFCEFFD8FF3B5E2E972AFDDD" blockId="22.[160,1155,493,589]" pageId="22" pageNumber="1415">Pacific Grove and Laguna Beach. The only information concerning its ecology is reported in the environmental notes of Chamberlin’s sample: ‘Taken on holdfasts of seaweeds’.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="F21AA9D04A41640A9C6A8353F22EEEB3">The forgotten diversity of the genus Myxicola (Polychaeta: Sabellidae) in North America: redescription of historical taxa and description of two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4792982ABAF8381A1D0AF578FFE79C3D">Putignano, Matteo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CE0070D6F9E9758F1AEF0829DBE78FAD">Langeneck, Joachim</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A9C955D65945596AA82CDA58CF68DE26">Giangrande, Adriana</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="FD38ADA6E5E558F5F513BE193BDC5D57">DiSTeBA, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy; &amp; CoNISMa, Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Lecce, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="F813ABBBACB0F1E6BCD0484EE012CDD4">2024</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="C0D5652EFFDAFFCCFF6158E29764FB67" box="[250,1065,1245,1271]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1395" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="887036A5FFDAFFCCFF6158E29764FB67" blockId="2.[250,1065,1245,1271]" box="[250,1065,1245,1271]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1395">
<heading id="D33881C9FFDAFFCCFF6158E29764FB67" box="[250,1065,1245,1271]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="1395" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFDAFFCCFF6158E292F5FB67" authorityName="Putignano &amp; Langeneck &amp; Giangrande" authorityYear="2024" box="[250,440,1245,1271]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="2" pageNumber="1395" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bushae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDAFFCCFF6158E292F5FB67" box="[250,440,1245,1271]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1395">Myxicola bushae</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A18857CCFFDAFFCCFE5B58E29149FB67" box="[448,516,1245,1271]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1395" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Putignano, Langeneck &amp; Giangrande, 2024
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C0D5652EFFDAFFCCFDDD592C9193FABD" box="[582,734,1299,1325]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1395" type="description">
<paragraph id="887036A5FFDAFFCCFDDD592C9193FABD" blockId="2.[582,734,1299,1325]" box="[582,734,1299,1325]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1395">
(
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFDAFFCCFDD5592C91F4FABD" box="[590,697,1299,1325]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1658,1681]" captionTargetBox="[205,1115,146,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-3@3.[196,1118,142,1626]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Myxicola bushae sp. n. A. entire worm; B, C. peristomial ring, ventral and lateral view; D. complex of ventral and dorsal lips; E. radiolar tip; F. pygidium; G. scheme of radiolar cross section. (g: glandular girdle, barely visible; p.e: pygidial eyes)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758468/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="1395">Figures 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFDAFFCCFD5C592C9198FABD" box="[711,725,1299,1325]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1451,1474]" captionTargetBox="[166,1149,145,1416]" captionTargetId="figure-57@5.[163,1153,142,1419]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Myxicola bushae sp. n. A. peristomium notochaeta; B. 4th chaetiger thoracic notochaeta; C. 24th chaetiger abdominal neurochaeta; D–F. 4th chaetiger thoracic uncinus, lateral and frontal view; G–J. 24th chaetiger abdominal uncini, lateral and frontal views. Scale bars: 0.02 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758472" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758472/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="1395">2</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C0D5652EFFDAFFCCFF3B5953902FF981" pageId="2" pageNumber="1395" type="materials_examined">
<materialsCitation id="38A73CF8FFDAFFCCFF3B5953902FF981" collectingDate="1970-08-17" collectionCode="YPM" country="United States of America" county="Hancock County" location="Lamoine State Park" municipality="Lamoine" pageId="2" pageNumber="1395" specimenCode="IZ 030017" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Maine" typeStatus="holotype">
<paragraph id="887036A5FFDAFFCCFF3B59539246FA16" blockId="2.[160,1156,1388,1553]" box="[160,267,1388,1414]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1395">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDAFFCCFF3B59539246FA16" bold="true" box="[160,267,1388,1414]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1395">
<typeStatus id="57748807FFDAFFCCFF3B59539246FA16" box="[160,267,1388,1414]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1395" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="887036A5FFDAFFCCFF3B59AF902FF981" blockId="2.[160,1156,1388,1553]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1395">
<collectionCode id="EEDEAE60FFDAFFCCFF3B59AF939FFA39" box="[160,210,1424,1449]" collectionName="YPM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="1395" type="Museum">YPM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="D8699EDEFFDAFFCCFF4259AF9206FA39" box="[217,331,1424,1449]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1395">IZ 030017</specimenCode>
; Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Maine, Eastern Bay,
<collectingCountry id="F0D87635FFDAFFCCFCA359AF9027FA39" box="[824,874,1424,1449]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="1395">USA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="4A0BF847FFDAFFCCFCEF59AF90F6FA39" box="[884,955,1424,1449]" country="United States of America" name="Maine" pageId="2" pageNumber="1395">Maine</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="61114E29FFDAFFCCFC5E59AF97CCFA39" box="[965,1153,1424,1449]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1395">Hancock County</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6814ACDFFFDAFFCCFF3B598D924EFA5B" box="[160,259,1458,1483]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1395">Lamoine</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8D10607EFFDAFFCCFE97598D92A8FA5B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:006687B3FFDAFFC9FF6158E291AEFE74:8D10607EFFDAFFCCFE97598D92A8FA5B" box="[268,485,1458,1483]" country="United States of America" county="Hancock County" municipality="Lamoine" name="Lamoine State Park" pageId="2" pageNumber="1395" stateProvince="Maine">Lamoine State Park</location>
; collected
<date id="FC711065FFDAFFCCFDC1598D9044FA5B" box="[602,777,1458,1483]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1395" value="1970-08-17">
<collectingDate id="EC35E98DFFDAFFCCFDC1598D9044FA5B" box="[602,777,1458,1483]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1395" value="1970-08-17">17 August 1970</collectingDate>
</date>
at
<quantity id="4F379B40FFDAFFCCFCB0598D9025FA5B" box="[811,872,1458,1483]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="1395" unit="m" value="0.6">0.6 m</quantity>
depth on rocky intertidal with gravel, mud bottom and
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFDAFFCCFE6A59EA910FFA7E" box="[497,578,1493,1518]" class="Liliopsida" family="Zosteraceae" genus="Zostera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="2" pageNumber="1395" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDAFFCCFE6A59EA910FFA7E" box="[497,578,1493,1518]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1395">Zostera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ssp. Fixed and preserved in 70% ethanol; identified and labelled as
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFDAFFCCFECA59C79107F981" baseAuthorityName="Montagu" baseAuthorityYear="1808" box="[337,586,1528,1553]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="2" pageNumber="1395" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="infundibulum">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDAFFCCFECA59C79107F981" box="[337,586,1528,1553]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1395">Myxicola infundibulum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Johanna M. Reinhart.
</paragraph>
</materialsCitation>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C0D5652EFFDAFFCAFF3B5A019090FA17" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="1397" pageId="2" pageNumber="1395" type="description">
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<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDAFFCCFF3B5A01926BF9C8" bold="true" box="[160,294,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1395">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="887036A5FFDAFFCAFF3B5A5D9090FA17" blockId="2.[160,1155,1598,1728]" lastBlockId="4.[160,1156,142,1415]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="1397" pageId="2" pageNumber="1395">
<typeStatus id="57748807FFDAFFCCFF3B5A5D924AF9EB" box="[160,263,1634,1659]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1395" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
complete; body yellowish, square in cross section (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFDAFFCCFCF15A5D9096F9EB" box="[874,987,1634,1659]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1658,1681]" captionTargetBox="[205,1115,146,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-3@3.[196,1118,142,1626]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Myxicola bushae sp. n. A. entire worm; B, C. peristomial ring, ventral and lateral view; D. complex of ventral and dorsal lips; E. radiolar tip; F. pygidium; G. scheme of radiolar cross section. (g: glandular girdle, barely visible; p.e: pygidial eyes)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758468/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="1395">Figure 1A</figureCitation>
). Crown same colour as body. No information concerning live colouration. Body
<quantity id="4F379B40FFDAFFCCFC1F5ABA9083F90E" box="[900,974,1669,1694]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="1395" unit="cm" value="1.6">1.6 cm</quantity>
long; 8 thoracic and 61 abdominal chaetigers; maximum width
<quantity id="4F379B40FFDAFFCCFD2D5A989040F950" box="[694,781,1703,1728]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="1395" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
. Thorax longer than wide. Crown
<quantity id="4F379B40FFDCFFCAFF3B5CB193B5FF37" box="[160,248,142,167]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="1397" unit="cm" value="0.65">0.65 cm</quantity>
long, holding 13 pairs of radioles; ratio body/crown length of 2.46. Peristomium
<quantity id="4F379B40FFDCFFCAFF3B5C8E924CFF5A" box="[160,257,177,202]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.37" pageId="4" pageNumber="1397" unit="mm" value="1.37">1.37 mm</quantity>
long (distinctly longer than thoracic segments), divided in anterior and posterior peristomial ring by a notch all around; mid-ventral lobe of anterior peristomial ring triangular, of thick membranous appearance, with medial groove; anterior peristomial margin high ventrally and dorsally, slightly lower laterally, leaving the junction between crown and body partially visible laterally (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFDCFFCAFD025D039064FEC5" box="[665,809,316,341]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1658,1681]" captionTargetBox="[205,1115,146,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-3@3.[196,1118,142,1626]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Myxicola bushae sp. n. A. entire worm; B, C. peristomial ring, ventral and lateral view; D. complex of ventral and dorsal lips; E. radiolar tip; F. pygidium; G. scheme of radiolar cross section. (g: glandular girdle, barely visible; p.e: pygidial eyes)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758468/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="1397">Figure 1A–C</figureCitation>
); mid-lateral incision narrow. Shallow ventral groove along the anterior peristomial ring, with a deep dorsal rut (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFDCFFCAFF335DBE927EFE0A" box="[168,307,385,410]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1658,1681]" captionTargetBox="[205,1115,146,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-3@3.[196,1118,142,1626]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Myxicola bushae sp. n. A. entire worm; B, C. peristomial ring, ventral and lateral view; D. complex of ventral and dorsal lips; E. radiolar tip; F. pygidium; G. scheme of radiolar cross section. (g: glandular girdle, barely visible; p.e: pygidial eyes)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758468/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="1397">Figure 1B–D</figureCitation>
). Dorsal lips with very short radiolar appendages, not extruding from lips and not visible in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFDCFFCAFE745D9B9116FE2D" box="[495,603,420,445]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1658,1681]" captionTargetBox="[205,1115,146,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-3@3.[196,1118,142,1626]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Myxicola bushae sp. n. A. entire worm; B, C. peristomial ring, ventral and lateral view; D. complex of ventral and dorsal lips; E. radiolar tip; F. pygidium; G. scheme of radiolar cross section. (g: glandular girdle, barely visible; p.e: pygidial eyes)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758468/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="1397">Figure 1D</figureCitation>
); dorsal pinnular appendages and ventral radiolar appendages both absent. Ventral lips yellowish, high and tubular, distally enlarged, extending dorsoventrally along inner surface of base of radiolar lobes and connecting ventrally to the radiolar lobes; parallel lamellae and ventral sacs both absent (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFDCFFCAFB925E33973BFDB5" box="[1033,1142,524,549]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1658,1681]" captionTargetBox="[205,1115,146,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-3@3.[196,1118,142,1626]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Myxicola bushae sp. n. A. entire worm; B, C. peristomial ring, ventral and lateral view; D. complex of ventral and dorsal lips; E. radiolar tip; F. pygidium; G. scheme of radiolar cross section. (g: glandular girdle, barely visible; p.e: pygidial eyes)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758468/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="1397">Figure 1D</figureCitation>
). Outer radioles with translucent surface, connected by a high semi-transparent palmate membrane. Radiolar tips&gt;1/5 of total radiole length, same colour as radiole, strap-like with tapering blunt ends (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFDCFFCAFE5D5E4B9162FD1D" box="[454,559,628,653]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1658,1681]" captionTargetBox="[205,1115,146,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-3@3.[196,1118,142,1626]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Myxicola bushae sp. n. A. entire worm; B, C. peristomial ring, ventral and lateral view; D. complex of ventral and dorsal lips; E. radiolar tip; F. pygidium; G. scheme of radiolar cross section. (g: glandular girdle, barely visible; p.e: pygidial eyes)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758468/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="1397">Figure 1E</figureCitation>
). Thick and blunt pinnules, up to&gt;1/4 as long as the entire radiole, same colour as radioles, arranged in pairs; longest pinnules subdistal on radioles, abruptly shortening to radiolar tips. Radiolar skeleton like four similarly sized square cells in cross section, in squared arrangement and surrounded by hyaline matrix; graft cells for pinnules skeleton squared and small, undivided, ventrally contiguous to the latter (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFDCFFCAFF745F1E922FFCAA" box="[239,354,801,826]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1658,1681]" captionTargetBox="[205,1115,146,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-3@3.[196,1118,142,1626]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Myxicola bushae sp. n. A. entire worm; B, C. peristomial ring, ventral and lateral view; D. complex of ventral and dorsal lips; E. radiolar tip; F. pygidium; G. scheme of radiolar cross section. (g: glandular girdle, barely visible; p.e: pygidial eyes)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758468/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="1397">Figure 1G</figureCitation>
). Radiolar and peristomial eyes not visible. Glandular girdle on the posterior margin of chaetiger 2 (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFDCFFCAFD9D5F7B91C4FCCD" box="[518,649,836,861]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1658,1681]" captionTargetBox="[205,1115,146,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-3@3.[196,1118,142,1626]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Myxicola bushae sp. n. A. entire worm; B, C. peristomial ring, ventral and lateral view; D. complex of ventral and dorsal lips; E. radiolar tip; F. pygidium; G. scheme of radiolar cross section. (g: glandular girdle, barely visible; p.e: pygidial eyes)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758468/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="1397">Figure 1B, C</figureCitation>
). Eyes present from fourth thoracic chaetiger, single, rarely double; thoracic eyes inserted ventrally to the parapodium, posterior to chaetal tufts and anterior to neuropodial tori, shifting slightly dorsally in the abdomen. Pygidium papilliform, with mid-ventral cleft on which abdomen terminates; at least one pair of pygidial eyes each side (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFDCFFCAFD825FF191C8FC77" box="[537,645,974,999]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1658,1681]" captionTargetBox="[205,1115,146,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-3@3.[196,1118,142,1626]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Myxicola bushae sp. n. A. entire worm; B, C. peristomial ring, ventral and lateral view; D. complex of ventral and dorsal lips; E. radiolar tip; F. pygidium; G. scheme of radiolar cross section. (g: glandular girdle, barely visible; p.e: pygidial eyes)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758468/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="1397">Figure 1F</figureCitation>
). Thoracic notochaetae numerous, narrowly hooded, with long and tapering tips, arranged in circle to form dense tufts; peristomial notochaetae with slightly shorter and narrower hood (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFDCFFCAFC9D582B90C3FBBD" box="[774,910,1044,1069]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1451,1474]" captionTargetBox="[166,1149,145,1416]" captionTargetId="figure-57@5.[163,1153,142,1419]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Myxicola bushae sp. n. A. peristomium notochaeta; B. 4th chaetiger thoracic notochaeta; C. 24th chaetiger abdominal neurochaeta; D–F. 4th chaetiger thoracic uncinus, lateral and frontal view; G–J. 24th chaetiger abdominal uncini, lateral and frontal views. Scale bars: 0.02 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758472" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758472/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="1397">Figure 2A, B</figureCitation>
). Chaetigers 2–8 with extremely curved neuropodial acicular uncini, bearing 2 small teeth (anterior biggest) above a short main fang, not reaching half of its length (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFDCFFCAFC85586690FEFBE2" box="[798,947,1113,1138]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1451,1474]" captionTargetBox="[166,1149,145,1416]" captionTargetId="figure-57@5.[163,1153,142,1419]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Myxicola bushae sp. n. A. peristomium notochaeta; B. 4th chaetiger thoracic notochaeta; C. 24th chaetiger abdominal neurochaeta; D–F. 4th chaetiger thoracic uncinus, lateral and frontal view; G–J. 24th chaetiger abdominal uncini, lateral and frontal views. Scale bars: 0.02 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758472" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758472/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="1397">Figures 2D, E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFDCFFCAFC26586690A4FBE2" box="[957,1001,1113,1138]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="28.[160,225,1193,1216]" captionTargetBox="[163,1149,142,1156]" captionTargetId="figure-171@28.[163,1153,142,1161]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 15. Photographs of thoracic and abdominal uncini, respectively, of American Myxicola species: A, B. M. bushae sp. n.; C, D. M. boki sp. n.; E, F. M. conjuncta." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758504" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758504/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="1397">15A</figureCitation>
); a series of 2 parallel teeth visible when uncini are viewed frontally (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFDCFFCAFC8F58439033FB05" box="[788,894,1148,1173]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1451,1474]" captionTargetBox="[166,1149,145,1416]" captionTargetId="figure-57@5.[163,1153,142,1419]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Myxicola bushae sp. n. A. peristomium notochaeta; B. 4th chaetiger thoracic notochaeta; C. 24th chaetiger abdominal neurochaeta; D–F. 4th chaetiger thoracic uncinus, lateral and frontal view; G–J. 24th chaetiger abdominal uncini, lateral and frontal views. Scale bars: 0.02 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758472" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758472/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="1397">Figure 2F</figureCitation>
). Thoracic neuropodial tori discrete, postero-ventral to chaetal tufts. Abdominal neurochaetae narrowly hooded, shorter than peristomial notochaetae; forming less conspicuous and dense tufts than on thorax, number of chaetae per fascicle decreasing through abdomen (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFDCFFCAFB9A58DB973BFB6D" box="[1025,1142,1252,1277]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1451,1474]" captionTargetBox="[166,1149,145,1416]" captionTargetId="figure-57@5.[163,1153,142,1419]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Myxicola bushae sp. n. A. peristomium notochaeta; B. 4th chaetiger thoracic notochaeta; C. 24th chaetiger abdominal neurochaeta; D–F. 4th chaetiger thoracic uncinus, lateral and frontal view; G–J. 24th chaetiger abdominal uncini, lateral and frontal views. Scale bars: 0.02 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758472" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758472/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="1397">Figure 2C</figureCitation>
). Abdominal uncini with 2 parallel teeth above main fang, more noticeable in frontal view (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFDCFFCAFF7C5916922AFAD2" box="[231,359,1321,1346]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1451,1474]" captionTargetBox="[166,1149,145,1416]" captionTargetId="figure-57@5.[163,1153,142,1419]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Myxicola bushae sp. n. A. peristomium notochaeta; B. 4th chaetiger thoracic notochaeta; C. 24th chaetiger abdominal neurochaeta; D–F. 4th chaetiger thoracic uncinus, lateral and frontal view; G–J. 24th chaetiger abdominal uncini, lateral and frontal views. Scale bars: 0.02 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758472" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758472/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="1397">Figure 2I, J</figureCitation>
), at least one reaching or exceeding half of main fang length; only longest tooth is visible in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFDCFFCAFDC7597391A4FAF5" box="[604,745,1356,1381]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1451,1474]" captionTargetBox="[166,1149,145,1416]" captionTargetId="figure-57@5.[163,1153,142,1419]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Myxicola bushae sp. n. A. peristomium notochaeta; B. 4th chaetiger thoracic notochaeta; C. 24th chaetiger abdominal neurochaeta; D–F. 4th chaetiger thoracic uncinus, lateral and frontal view; G–J. 24th chaetiger abdominal uncini, lateral and frontal views. Scale bars: 0.02 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758472" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758472/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="1397">Figure 2G, H</figureCitation>
); breast rounded, main fang always shorter or slightly shorter than breast, uncini as high as long (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFDCFFCAFCC35951909DFA17" box="[856,976,1390,1415]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="28.[160,225,1193,1216]" captionTargetBox="[163,1149,142,1156]" captionTargetId="figure-171@28.[163,1153,142,1161]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 15. Photographs of thoracic and abdominal uncini, respectively, of American Myxicola species: A, B. M. bushae sp. n.; C, D. M. boki sp. n.; E, F. M. conjuncta." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758504" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758504/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="1397">Figure 15B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DCB0662DFFDBFFCDFF3B5A459114F95E" pageId="3" pageNumber="1396" startId="3.[160,225,1658,1681]" targetBox="[205,1115,146,1624]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="887036A5FFDBFFCDFF3B5A45973DF93E" blockId="3.[160,1155,1658,1742]" pageId="3" pageNumber="1396">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDBFFCDFF3B5A4593B1F901" bold="true" box="[160,252,1658,1681]" pageId="3" pageNumber="1396">Figure 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFDBFFCDFE9F5A4592E8F901" authorityName="Putignano &amp; Langeneck &amp; Giangrande" authorityYear="2024" box="[260,421,1658,1681]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="3" pageNumber="1396" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bushae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDBFFCDFE9F5A4592E8F901" box="[260,421,1658,1681]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1396">Myxicola bushae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A18857CCFFDBFFCDFE365A4592ABF901" box="[429,486,1658,1681]" pageId="3" pageNumber="1396" rank="species">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDBFFCDFE365A4592ACF901" bold="true" box="[429,481,1658,1681]" pageId="3" pageNumber="1396">sp. n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDBFFCDFE745A4592B3F901" bold="true" box="[495,510,1658,1681]" pageId="3" pageNumber="1396">A</emphasis>
. entire worm;
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDBFFCDFD085A4591ECF901" bold="true" box="[659,673,1658,1681]" pageId="3" pageNumber="1396">B</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDBFFCDFD345A4591F0F901" bold="true" box="[687,701,1658,1681]" pageId="3" pageNumber="1396">C</emphasis>
. peristomial ring, ventral and lateral view;
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDBFFCDFBF55A459733F901" bold="true" box="[1134,1150,1658,1681]" pageId="3" pageNumber="1396">D</emphasis>
. complex of ventral and dorsal lips;
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDBFFCDFE665AA89144F93E" bold="true" box="[509,521,1687,1710]" pageId="3" pageNumber="1396">E</emphasis>
. radiolar tip;
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDBFFCDFD145AA891D6F93E" bold="true" box="[655,667,1687,1710]" pageId="3" pageNumber="1396">F</emphasis>
. pygidium;
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDBFFCDFC8A5AA8906CF93E" bold="true" box="[785,801,1687,1710]" pageId="3" pageNumber="1396">G</emphasis>
. scheme of radiolar cross section.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="887036A5FFDBFFCDFF3B5A859114F95E" blockId="3.[160,1155,1658,1742]" box="[160,601,1722,1742]" pageId="3" pageNumber="1396">
(
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDBFFCDFF3D5A8593FFF95E" bold="true" box="[166,178,1722,1742]" pageId="3" pageNumber="1396">g</emphasis>
: glandular girdle, barely visible;
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDBFFCDFE5A5A859290F95E" bold="true" box="[449,477,1722,1742]" pageId="3" pageNumber="1396">p.e</emphasis>
: pygidial eyes)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C0D5652EFFDCFFC8FF3B598B92D2F9A5" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="1399" pageId="4" pageNumber="1397" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="887036A5FFDCFFCAFF3B598B924BFA5E" blockId="4.[160,1156,1460,1728]" box="[160,262,1460,1486]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1397">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDCFFCAFF3B598B924BFA5E" bold="true" box="[160,262,1460,1486]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1397">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="887036A5FFDCFFCAFF3B59E89108F9EB" blockId="4.[160,1156,1460,1728]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1397">
The material was examined to verify the presence of
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFDCFFCAFD6559E890DBFA60" authorityName="KrOyer" authorityYear="1856" box="[766,918,1495,1520]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="1397" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="steenstrupi">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDCFFCAFD6559E890DBFA60" box="[766,918,1495,1520]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1397">M. steenstrupi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the Bay of Fundy.
<bibRefCitation id="EC5E4B54FFDCFFCAFF3B59C59267F983" author="Bush KJ" box="[160,298,1530,1555]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1397" pagination="169 - 346" refId="ref12888" refString="Bush KJ. 1905. Tubicolous annelids of the tribes sabellides and serpulides from the Pacific Ocean. New York: Doubleday; p. 169 - 346." type="book chapter" year="1905">Bush (1905)</bibRefCitation>
did not describe the specimen she found, just referring to the original description by
<bibRefCitation id="EC5E4B54FFDCFFCAFEC85A2292BDF9A6" author="KrOyer H" box="[339,496,1565,1590]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1397" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref13638" refString="KrOyer H. 1856. Afhandling om Ormeslaegten Sabella Linn. isaer med Hensyn til dens nordiske Arter [Alternate title: bidrag til Kundskab af Sabellerne]. Oversigt over det Kongelige danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Forhandlinger. 1856: 1 - 36." type="journal article" year="1856">KrØyer (1856)</bibRefCitation>
. However,
<bibRefCitation id="EC5E4B54FFDCFFCAFDED5A22904DF9A6" author="Bush KJ" box="[630,768,1565,1590]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1397" pagination="169 - 346" refId="ref12888" refString="Bush KJ. 1905. Tubicolous annelids of the tribes sabellides and serpulides from the Pacific Ocean. New York: Doubleday; p. 169 - 346." type="book chapter" year="1905">Bush (1905)</bibRefCitation>
illustrated thoracic notochaetae, thoracic and abdominal uncini of the specimen she identified as
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFDCFFCAFCE45A00975AF9C8" authorityName="KrOyer" authorityYear="1856" box="[895,1047,1599,1624]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="1397" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="steenstrupi">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDCFFCAFCE45A00975AF9C8" box="[895,1047,1599,1624]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1397">M. steenstrupi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, allowing us to check the identity of this taxon.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="887036A5FFDCFFC8FF5B5ABA9208FE9F" blockId="4.[160,1156,1460,1728]" lastBlockId="6.[160,1156,142,1589]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="1399" pageId="4" pageNumber="1397">
Our findings are consistent with drawings by
<bibRefCitation id="EC5E4B54FFDCFFCAFD745ABA9031F90E" author="Bush KJ" box="[751,892,1669,1694]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1397" pagination="169 - 346" refId="ref12888" refString="Bush KJ. 1905. Tubicolous annelids of the tribes sabellides and serpulides from the Pacific Ocean. New York: Doubleday; p. 169 - 346." type="book chapter" year="1905">Bush (1905)</bibRefCitation>
. Thoracic uncini have similar bending and main fang length (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFDCFFCAFD0B5A989058F950" box="[656,789,1703,1728]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="27.[160,225,1495,1518]" captionTargetBox="[164,1134,148,1440]" captionTargetId="figure-3@27.[163,1153,142,1463]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 14. Drawings of uncini and chaetae of the different Myxicola taxa originally described by Bush (1905). A–E, Myxicola conjuncta: A1–A3, thoracic notochaetae; B1, B2, spear-shaped thoracic notochaetae; C, spear-shaped abdominal neurochaeta; D1–D3, thoracic uncini; E1, E2, abdominal uncini). F–J, Myxicola glacialis: F1–F3, thoracic notochaetae, of which F2 from the peristomium; G1, G2, Abdominal neurochaetae; H1, H2, spear-shaped thoracic notochaetae; I, thoracic uncini; J1, J2, abdominal uncini). K–M, Myxicola steenstrupi sensu Bush (1905): K, thoracic notochaeta, ‘[…] similar to the ones from the abdomen […]’; L1–L4, thoracic uncini; M1, M2, abdominal uncini).N, O, Myxicola affinis: N1, N2, thoracic uncini; O1, O2, abdominal uncini. Drawings from Bush (1905)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758502/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="1397">Figure 14L</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFDCFFCAFC8E5A989075F950" box="[789,824,1703,1728]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1658,1681]" captionTargetBox="[205,1115,146,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-3@3.[196,1118,142,1626]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Myxicola bushae sp. n. A. entire worm; B, C. peristomial ring, ventral and lateral view; D. complex of ventral and dorsal lips; E. radiolar tip; F. pygidium; G. scheme of radiolar cross section. (g: glandular girdle, barely visible; p.e: pygidial eyes)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758468/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="1397">1–L</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFDCFFCAFCA25A989005F950" box="[825,840,1703,1728]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1382,1405]" captionTargetBox="[166,1150,144,1348]" captionTargetId="figure-67@10.[163,1153,142,1351]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 4. Myxicola boki sp. n. A. peristomial notochaeta; B. 4th chaetiger thoracic notochaeta; C. 24th chaetiger abdominal neurochaeta; D, E. 4th chaetiger thoracic uncinus; F–J. 24th chaetiger abdominal uncini, lateral and frontal views. Scale bars: 0.02 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758476" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758476/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="1397">4</figureCitation>
), showing a single tooth almost reaching half of main fang length (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFDDFFCBFD145A069044F9C2" box="[655,777,1593,1618]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="27.[160,225,1495,1518]" captionTargetBox="[164,1134,148,1440]" captionTargetId="figure-3@27.[163,1153,142,1463]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 14. Drawings of uncini and chaetae of the different Myxicola taxa originally described by Bush (1905). A–E, Myxicola conjuncta: A1–A3, thoracic notochaetae; B1, B2, spear-shaped thoracic notochaetae; C, spear-shaped abdominal neurochaeta; D1–D3, thoracic uncini; E1, E2, abdominal uncini). F–J, Myxicola glacialis: F1–F3, thoracic notochaetae, of which F2 from the peristomium; G1, G2, Abdominal neurochaetae; H1, H2, spear-shaped thoracic notochaetae; I, thoracic uncini; J1, J2, abdominal uncini). K–M, Myxicola steenstrupi sensu Bush (1905): K, thoracic notochaeta, ‘[…] similar to the ones from the abdomen […]’; L1–L4, thoracic uncini; M1, M2, abdominal uncini).N, O, Myxicola affinis: N1, N2, thoracic uncini; O1, O2, abdominal uncini. Drawings from Bush (1905)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758502/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="1398">Figure 14L</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFDDFFCBFC925A06905AF9C2" box="[777,791,1593,1618]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1382,1405]" captionTargetBox="[166,1150,144,1348]" captionTargetId="figure-67@10.[163,1153,142,1351]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 4. Myxicola boki sp. n. A. peristomial notochaeta; B. 4th chaetiger thoracic notochaeta; C. 24th chaetiger abdominal neurochaeta; D, E. 4th chaetiger thoracic uncinus; F–J. 24th chaetiger abdominal uncini, lateral and frontal views. Scale bars: 0.02 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758476" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758476/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="1398">4</figureCitation>
), while abdominal uncini show a similar main fang (always shorter than breast) and a single apical tooth slightly exceeding half of main fang length (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFDDFFCBFDE15A409043F908" box="[634,782,1663,1688]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="27.[160,225,1495,1518]" captionTargetBox="[164,1134,148,1440]" captionTargetId="figure-3@27.[163,1153,142,1463]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 14. Drawings of uncini and chaetae of the different Myxicola taxa originally described by Bush (1905). A–E, Myxicola conjuncta: A1–A3, thoracic notochaetae; B1, B2, spear-shaped thoracic notochaetae; C, spear-shaped abdominal neurochaeta; D1–D3, thoracic uncini; E1, E2, abdominal uncini). F–J, Myxicola glacialis: F1–F3, thoracic notochaetae, of which F2 from the peristomium; G1, G2, Abdominal neurochaetae; H1, H2, spear-shaped thoracic notochaetae; I, thoracic uncini; J1, J2, abdominal uncini). K–M, Myxicola steenstrupi sensu Bush (1905): K, thoracic notochaeta, ‘[…] similar to the ones from the abdomen […]’; L1–L4, thoracic uncini; M1, M2, abdominal uncini).N, O, Myxicola affinis: N1, N2, thoracic uncini; O1, O2, abdominal uncini. Drawings from Bush (1905)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758502/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="1398">Figure 14M</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFDDFFCBFC955A40905AF908" box="[782,791,1663,1688]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1658,1681]" captionTargetBox="[205,1115,146,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-3@3.[196,1118,142,1626]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Myxicola bushae sp. n. A. entire worm; B, C. peristomial ring, ventral and lateral view; D. complex of ventral and dorsal lips; E. radiolar tip; F. pygidium; G. scheme of radiolar cross section. (g: glandular girdle, barely visible; p.e: pygidial eyes)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758468/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="1398">1</figureCitation>
, M
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFDDFFCBFCA45A409003F908" box="[831,846,1663,1688]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1451,1474]" captionTargetBox="[166,1149,145,1416]" captionTargetId="figure-57@5.[163,1153,142,1419]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Myxicola bushae sp. n. A. peristomium notochaeta; B. 4th chaetiger thoracic notochaeta; C. 24th chaetiger abdominal neurochaeta; D–F. 4th chaetiger thoracic uncinus, lateral and frontal view; G–J. 24th chaetiger abdominal uncini, lateral and frontal views. Scale bars: 0.02 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758472" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758472/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="1398">2</figureCitation>
), lacking basal posterior prolongation. Differences are mainly in the level of detail reported in our analysis, due to divergence in instruments and technology used, since Bush’s work was conducted more than a century ago. Thus, we recognise
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFDEFFC8FCFA5C8E9094FF5A" authorityName="Putignano &amp; Langeneck &amp; Giangrande" authorityYear="2024" box="[865,985,177,202]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bushae" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDEFFC8FCFA5C8E9094FF5A" box="[865,985,177,202]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399">M. bushae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDEFFC8FC7E5C8E9761FF5A" bold="true" box="[997,1068,177,202]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A18857CCFFDEFFC8FC7E5C8E9761FF5A" box="[997,1068,177,202]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
as the same species reported by
<bibRefCitation id="EC5E4B54FFDEFFC8FE485CEB9111FF7D" author="Bush KJ" box="[467,604,212,237]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" pagination="169 - 346" refId="ref12888" refString="Bush KJ. 1905. Tubicolous annelids of the tribes sabellides and serpulides from the Pacific Ocean. New York: Doubleday; p. 169 - 346." type="book chapter" year="1905">Bush (1905)</bibRefCitation>
, considering the taxon a different species from
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFDEFFC8FF3B5CC99272FE9F" authorityName="KrOyer" authorityYear="1856" box="[160,319,246,271]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="steenstrupi">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDEFFC8FF3B5CC99272FE9F" box="[160,319,246,271]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399">M. steenstrupi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DCB0662DFFDDFFCBFF3B59949200F98C" pageId="5" pageNumber="1398" startId="5.[160,225,1451,1474]" targetBox="[166,1149,145,1416]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="887036A5FFDDFFCBFF3B5994905FFA6C" blockId="5.[160,1157,1445,1564]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1398">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDDFFCBFF3B599493B7FA52" bold="true" box="[160,250,1451,1474]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1398">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFDDFFCBFE9A599492ECFA52" authorityName="Putignano &amp; Langeneck &amp; Giangrande" authorityYear="2024" box="[257,417,1451,1474]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="1398" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bushae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDDFFCBFE9A599492ECFA52" box="[257,417,1451,1474]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1398">Myxicola bushae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A18857CCFFDDFFCBFE3C59949292FA52" box="[423,479,1451,1474]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1398" rank="species">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDDFFCBFE3C59949297FA52" bold="true" box="[423,474,1451,1474]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1398">sp. n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDDFFCBFE7D599492B8FA52" bold="true" box="[486,501,1451,1474]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1398">A</emphasis>
. peristomium notochaeta;
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDDFFCBFC9A59949042FA52" bold="true" box="[769,783,1451,1474]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1398">B</emphasis>
. 4
<superScript id="7FBA9BEDFFDDFFCBFCBC599A907AFA24" attach="left" box="[807,823,1445,1460]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="1398">th</superScript>
chaetiger thoracic notochaeta;
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDDFFCBFBEB59949733FA52" bold="true" box="[1136,1150,1451,1474]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1398">C</emphasis>
. 24
<superScript id="7FBA9BEDFFDDFFCBFF2359FD9385FA41" attach="left" box="[184,200,1474,1489]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="1398">th</superScript>
chaetiger abdominal neurochaeta;
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDDFFCBFDB059F79119FA4F" bold="true" box="[555,596,1480,1503]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1398">D–F</emphasis>
. 4
<superScript id="7FBA9BEDFFDDFFCBFDF659FD9130FA41" attach="left" box="[621,637,1474,1489]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="1398">th</superScript>
chaetiger thoracic uncinus, lateral and frontal view;
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDDFFCBFF3B59DA938BFA6C" bold="true" box="[160,198,1509,1532]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1398">G–J</emphasis>
. 24
<superScript id="7FBA9BEDFFDDFFCBFF7159DF93B7FA7F" attach="left" box="[234,250,1504,1519]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="1398">th</superScript>
chaetiger abdominal uncini, lateral and frontal views.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="887036A5FFDDFFCBFF3B5A379200F98C" blockId="5.[160,1157,1445,1564]" box="[160,333,1544,1564]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1398">
Scale bars:
<quantity id="4F379B40FFDDFFCBFF655A379204F98C" box="[254,329,1544,1564]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="1398" unit="mm" value="0.02">0.02 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="887036A5FFDEFFC8FF5B5D26903CFD1D" blockId="6.[160,1156,142,1589]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399">
Important morphological similarities between
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFDEFFC8FD555D269072FEA2" authorityName="Putignano &amp; Langeneck &amp; Giangrande" authorityYear="2024" box="[718,831,281,306]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bushae" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDEFFC8FD555D269072FEA2" box="[718,831,281,306]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399">M. bushae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDEFFC8FCDC5D2690C5FEA2" bold="true" box="[839,904,281,306]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A18857CCFFDEFFC8FCDC5D2690C5FEA2" box="[839,904,281,306]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFDEFFC8FC585D269711FEA2" authorityName="KrOyer" authorityYear="1856" box="[963,1116,281,306]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="steenstrupi">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDEFFC8FC585D269711FEA2" box="[963,1116,281,306]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399">M. steenstrupi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A18857CCFFDEFFC8FBFF5D2697C9FEA2" box="[1124,1156,281,306]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDEFFC8FBFF5D269730FEA2" box="[1124,1149,281,306]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399">s.s</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
can be noticed in body/crown ratio, number of segments, pinnule length and morphology, which are all also very similar, between members of these species. Differences are related to the number of radioles (17–21 pairs for
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFDEFFC8FD4C5DBE9022FE0A" authorityName="KrOyer" authorityYear="1856" box="[727,879,385,410]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="steenstrupi">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDEFFC8FD4C5DBE9022FE0A" box="[727,879,385,410]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399">M. steenstrupi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as opposed to 13 for
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFDEFFC8FBF25DBE93A3FE2D" authorityName="Putignano &amp; Langeneck &amp; Giangrande" authorityYear="2024" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bushae" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDEFFC8FBF25DBE93A3FE2D" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399">M. bushae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDEFFC8FF6D5D9B927BFE2D" bold="true" box="[246,310,420,445]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A18857CCFFDEFFC8FF6D5D9B927BFE2D" box="[246,310,420,445]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
), lengths of radiolar tips (&gt;1/3 compared to&gt;1/5), morphology of thoracic tori (inconspicuous in
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFDEFFC8FE055DF9917AFE4F" authorityName="KrOyer" authorityYear="1856" box="[414,567,454,479]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="steenstrupi">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDEFFC8FE055DF9917AFE4F" box="[414,567,454,479]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399">M. steenstrupi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A18857CCFFDEFFC8FDDB5DF99110FE4F" box="[576,605,454,479]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDEFFC8FDDB5DF99114FE4F" box="[576,601,454,479]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399">s.s</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
) and shape of dorsal radiolar appendages (sublaminar elongated-triangular appendages for
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFDEFFC8FD3B5DD6907AFD92" authorityName="KrOyer" authorityYear="1856" box="[672,823,489,514]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="steenstrupi">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDEFFC8FD3B5DD6907AFD92" box="[672,823,489,514]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399">M. steenstrupi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A18857CCFFDEFFC8FCA55DD69011FD92" box="[830,860,489,514]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDEFFC8FCA55DD6901AFD92" box="[830,855,489,514]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399">s.s</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
). Furthermore, individuals of
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFDEFFC8FF275E33921FFDB5" authorityName="KrOyer" authorityYear="1856" box="[188,338,524,549]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="steenstrupi">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDEFFC8FF275E33921FFDB5" box="[188,338,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399">M. steenstrupi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are longer, up to
<quantity id="4F379B40FFDEFFC8FD8F5E339107FDB5" box="[532,586,524,549]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" unit="cm" value="6.0">6 cm</quantity>
for 52 abdominal segments. Size, body/crown ratio and number of segments suggest that
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFDEFFC8FDC05E1191B9FDD7" authorityName="KrOyer" authorityYear="1856" box="[603,756,558,583]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="steenstrupi">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDEFFC8FDC05E1191B9FDD7" box="[603,756,558,583]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399">M. steenstrupi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a small species belonging to the
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFDEFFC8FF3B5E6E9272FDFA" baseAuthorityName="Montagu" baseAuthorityYear="1808" box="[160,319,593,618]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="infundibulum">‘infundibulum</taxonomicName>
group’ (
<bibRefCitation id="EC5E4B54FFDEFFC8FE015E6E91CAFDFA" author="Putignano M &amp; Gravili C &amp; Giangrande A" box="[410,647,593,618]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" pagination="506 - 546" refId="ref13864" refString="Putignano M, Gravili C, Giangrande A. 2023. The peculiar case of Myxicola infundibulum (Polychaeta: Sabellidae): echo from a science 200 years old and description of four new taxa in the Mediterranean Sea. Eur Zool J. 90 (1): 506 - 546. doi: 10.1080 / 24750263.2023.2219710." type="journal article" year="2023">
Putignano
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDEFFC8FD8D5E6E9109FDFA" box="[534,580,593,618]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399">et al</emphasis>
. 2023
</bibRefCitation>
), characterised by a relatively longer crown, 8 thoracic chaetigers, and a low number of abdominal chaetigers.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="887036A5FFDEFFC8FF5B5EA9914AFBBD" blockId="6.[160,1156,142,1589]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399">
In a recent work,
<bibRefCitation id="EC5E4B54FFDEFFC8FE175EA99119FD3F" author="Darbyshire T" box="[396,596,662,687]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" pagination="106 - 137" refId="ref13114" refString="Darbyshire T. 2023. Designation of a neotype for Myxicola infundibulum (Montagu, 1808) (Annelida: Sabellidae) and a new species from the UK. Eur J Taxon. 900: 106 - 137. doi: 10.5852 / ejt. 2023.900.2305." type="journal article" year="2023">Darbyshire (2023)</bibRefCitation>
enstablished a
<typeStatus id="57748807FFDEFFC8FC905EA99025FD3F" box="[779,872,662,687]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
for
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFDEFFC8FC025EA99702FD3F" baseAuthorityName="Montagu" baseAuthorityYear="1808" box="[921,1103,662,687]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="infundibulum">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDEFFC8FC025EA99702FD3F" box="[921,1103,662,687]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399">M. infundibulum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and described a new species for the genus,
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFDEFFC8FDFD5E86975BFD42" authority="Darbyshire, 2023" authorityName="Darbyshire" authorityYear="2023" box="[614,1046,697,722]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="polychroma">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDEFFC8FDFD5E869002FD42" box="[614,847,697,722]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399">Myxicola polychroma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EC5E4B54FFDEFFC8FCC35E86975BFD42" author="Darbyshire T" box="[856,1046,697,722]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" pagination="106 - 137" refId="ref13114" refString="Darbyshire T. 2023. Designation of a neotype for Myxicola infundibulum (Montagu, 1808) (Annelida: Sabellidae) and a new species from the UK. Eur J Taxon. 900: 106 - 137. doi: 10.5852 / ejt. 2023.900.2305." type="journal article" year="2023">Darbyshire, 2023</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFDEFFC8FBB85E8693A3FD65" authorityName="Putignano &amp; Langeneck &amp; Giangrande" authorityYear="2024" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bushae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDEFFC8FBB85E8693A3FD65" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399">Myxicola bushae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDEFFC8FF6D5EE3927BFD65" bold="true" box="[246,310,732,757]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A18857CCFFDEFFC8FF6D5EE3927BFD65" box="[246,310,732,757]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
does not show similarities to either of those forms, diverging from both in the morphology of lips and associated structures, radiolar skeleton arrangement, shape of peristomium, morphology of thoracic and abdominal uncini. Furthermore,
<bibRefCitation id="EC5E4B54FFDEFFC8FB915F1E93ABFCCD" author="Darbyshire T" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" pagination="106 - 137" refId="ref13114" refString="Darbyshire T. 2023. Designation of a neotype for Myxicola infundibulum (Montagu, 1808) (Annelida: Sabellidae) and a new species from the UK. Eur J Taxon. 900: 106 - 137. doi: 10.5852 / ejt. 2023.900.2305." type="journal article" year="2023">Darbyshire (2023)</bibRefCitation>
underlines the endurance of the dark pigmentation typical of
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFDEFFC8FC035F7B9707FCCD" baseAuthorityName="Montagu" baseAuthorityYear="1808" box="[920,1098,836,861]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="infundibulum">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDEFFC8FC035F7B9707FCCD" box="[920,1098,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399">M. infundibulum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
after fixation, while this character is absent in
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFDEFFC8FDC45F599180FCEF" authorityName="Putignano &amp; Langeneck &amp; Giangrande" authorityYear="2024" box="[607,717,870,895]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bushae" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDEFFC8FDC45F599180FCEF" box="[607,717,870,895]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399">M. bushae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDEFFC8FD495F59905CFCEF" bold="true" box="[722,785,870,895]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A18857CCFFDEFFC8FD495F59905CFCEF" box="[722,785,870,895]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and in
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFDEFFC8FCF95F59974EFCEF" authorityName="Darbyshire" authorityYear="2023" box="[866,1027,870,895]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="polychroma">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDEFFC8FCF95F59974EFCEF" box="[866,1027,870,895]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399">M. polychroma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which also shares the presence of discrete thoracic neuropodial tori. Lastly, analysis of
<typeStatus id="57748807FFDEFFC8FC7F5FB6970BFC32" box="[996,1094,905,930]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFDEFFC8FBF25FB6925BFC55" authorityName="KrOyer" authorityYear="1856" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="steenstrupi">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDEFFC8FBF25FB6925BFC55" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399">M. steenstrupi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F0D87635FFDEFFC8FEC45F9392B9FC55" box="[351,500,940,965]" name="Faroe Islands" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399">Faroe Islands</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F0D87635FFDEFFC8FDAF5F9391E5FC55" box="[564,680,940,965]" name="Greenland" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399">Greenland</collectingCountry>
reveals the presence of small, digitiform (Faroe Island specimens) and slender, digitiform (
<collectingCountry id="F0D87635FFDEFFC8FD4B5FF1900BFC77" box="[720,838,974,999]" name="Greenland" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399">Greenland</collectingCountry>
specimens) radiolar appendages and enlarged, lobate ventral lips, which further differentiate the members of
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFDEFFC8FBF25FCE925BFBBD" authorityName="KrOyer" authorityYear="1856" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="steenstrupi">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDEFFC8FBF25FCE925BFBBD" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399">M. steenstrupi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFDEFFC8FED4582B92F2FBBD" authorityName="Putignano &amp; Langeneck &amp; Giangrande" authorityYear="2024" box="[335,447,1044,1069]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bushae" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDEFFC8FED4582B92F2FBBD" box="[335,447,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399">M. bushae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDEFFC8FE5C582B914AFBBD" bold="true" box="[455,519,1044,1069]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A18857CCFFDEFFC8FE5C582B914AFBBD" box="[455,519,1044,1069]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="887036A5FFDEFFC8FF5B580992D2F9A5" blockId="6.[160,1156,142,1589]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399">
Within the
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFDEFFC8FED9580992ACFBDF" baseAuthorityName="Montagu" baseAuthorityYear="1808" box="[322,481,1078,1103]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="infundibulum">‘infundibulum</taxonomicName>
group’,
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFDEFFC8FDDF580991FBFBDF" authorityName="Putignano &amp; Langeneck &amp; Giangrande" authorityYear="2024" box="[580,694,1078,1103]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bushae" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDEFFC8FDDF580991FBFBDF" box="[580,694,1078,1103]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399">M. bushae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDEFFC8FD5B5809904EFBDF" bold="true" box="[704,771,1078,1103]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A18857CCFFDEFFC8FD5B5809904EFBDF" box="[704,771,1078,1103]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
exhibits several similarities to
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFDEFFC8FBF2580991A4FBE2" authority="Putignano, Gravili and Giangrande, 2023" authorityName="Putignano, Gravili and Giangrande" authorityYear="2023" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="mikacae">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDEFFC8FBF2580993B0FBE2" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399">M. mikacae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EC5E4B54FFDEFFC8FE92586691A4FBE2" author="Putignano M &amp; Gravili C &amp; Giangrande A" box="[265,745,1113,1138]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" pagination="506 - 546" refId="ref13864" refString="Putignano M, Gravili C, Giangrande A. 2023. The peculiar case of Myxicola infundibulum (Polychaeta: Sabellidae): echo from a science 200 years old and description of four new taxa in the Mediterranean Sea. Eur Zool J. 90 (1): 506 - 546. doi: 10.1080 / 24750263.2023.2219710." type="journal article" year="2023">Putignano, Gravili and Giangrande, 2023</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFDEFFC8FD605866971BFBE2" authority="Langerhans, 1884" authorityName="Langerhans" authorityYear="1884" box="[763,1110,1113,1138]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="violacea">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDEFFC8FD6058669030FBE2" box="[763,893,1113,1138]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399">M. violacea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EC5E4B54FFDEFFC8FC125866971BFBE2" author="Langerhans P" box="[905,1110,1113,1138]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" pagination="247 - 285" refId="ref13682" refString="Langerhans P. 1884. Die Wurmfauna von Madeira, IV. Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie. 40: 247 - 285." type="journal article" year="1884">Langerhans, 1884</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFDEFFC8FBF258669230FB05" authority="Ehlers, 1912" authorityName="Ehlers" authorityYear="1912" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sulcata">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDEFFC8FBF2586693A3FB05" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399">M. sulcata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EC5E4B54FFDEFFC8FF6D58439230FB05" author="Ehlers E" box="[246,381,1148,1173]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref13240" refString="Ehlers E. 1912. Polychaeta. National antarctic expedition. Nat Hist Zool. 6: 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="1912">Ehlers, 1912</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFDEFFC8FE23584391E4FB05" authority="Potts, 1928" authorityName="Potts" authorityYear="1928" box="[440,681,1148,1173]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="fauveli">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDEFFC8FE235843916EFB05" box="[440,547,1148,1173]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399">M. fauveli</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EC5E4B54FFDEFFC8FDB0584391E4FB05" author="Potts FA" box="[555,681,1148,1173]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" pagination="693 - 705" refId="ref13828" refString="Potts FA. 1928. Zoological results of the Cambridge expedition to the Suez Canal. Report on the annelids (sedentary polychaetes). Trans Zool Soc Lond. 22: 693 - 705." type="journal article" year="1928">Potts, 1928</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. However, important differences separate members of this group: specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFDEFFC8FDD058A1918AFB27" authorityName="Putignano, Gravili and Giangrande" authorityYear="2023" box="[587,711,1182,1207]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="mikacae">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDEFFC8FDD058A1918AFB27" box="[587,711,1182,1207]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399">M. mikacae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
show distinct, club-like radiolar appendages and radiolar skeleton composed of a single row of cells; members of
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFDEFFC8FC6B58FE9714FB4A" authorityName="Potts" authorityYear="1928" box="[1008,1113,1217,1242]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="fauveli">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDEFFC8FC6B58FE9714FB4A" box="[1008,1113,1217,1242]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399">M. fauveli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are characterised by peculiar radiolar tips, where the palmate membrane end terminates with a pair of complex hyaline structures, resembling the compound eyes of members of
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFDEFFC8FF3B59169175FAD2" authority="Gil and Nishi, 2017" authorityName="Gil and Nishi" authorityYear="2017" box="[160,568,1321,1346]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Acromegalomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDEFFC8FF3B59169216FAD2" box="[160,347,1321,1346]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399">Acromegalomma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EC5E4B54FFDEFFC8FEF859169175FAD2" author="Gil J &amp; Nishi E" box="[355,568,1321,1346]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" pagination="131 - 150" refId="ref13415" refString="Gil J, Nishi E. 2017. Nomenclatural checklist for Acromegalomma species (Annelida, Sabellidae), a nomen novum replacement for the junior homonym Megalomma Johansson, 1926. ZooKeys. 677: 131 - 150. doi: 10.3897 / zookeys. 677.12030." type="journal article" year="2017">Gil and Nishi, 2017</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Members of
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFDEFFC8FD4F59169009FAD2" authorityName="Ehlers" authorityYear="1912" box="[724,836,1321,1346]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sulcata">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDEFFC8FD4F59169009FAD2" box="[724,836,1321,1346]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399">M. sulcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ from specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFDEFFC8FBF2591693A3FAF5" authorityName="Putignano &amp; Langeneck &amp; Giangrande" authorityYear="2024" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bushae" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDEFFC8FBF2591693A3FAF5" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399">M. bushae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDEFFC8FF6359739277FAF5" bold="true" box="[248,314,1356,1381]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A18857CCFFDEFFC8FF6359739277FAF5" box="[248,314,1356,1381]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
in the shape of thoracic uncini (with longer main fang and single apical tooth in members of the former species), in having abdominal uncini with a ‘minute handle’ (
<bibRefCitation id="EC5E4B54FFDEFFC8FE9E59AE911EFA3A" author="Tovar-Hernandez MA &amp; de Leon-Gonzalez JA &amp; Bybee DR" box="[261,595,1425,1450]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref14107" refString="Tovar-Hernandez MA, de Leon-Gonzalez JA, Bybee DR. 2017. Sabellid worms from the Patagonian shelf and Humboldt current system (Annelida, Sabellidae): phyllis Knight-Jones' and Jose Maria Orensanz's collections. Zootaxa. 4283: 1 - 64. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4283.1.1." type="journal article" year="2017">
Tovar-Hernández
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDEFFC8FE4D59AE9147FA3A" box="[470,522,1425,1450]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399">et al</emphasis>
. 2017
</bibRefCitation>
), in the presence of short, tongue-like radiolar appendages; mid-ventral lobes and radiolar tips also slightly differ between those animals. Finally, specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFDEFFC8FE4B59E99107FA7F" authorityName="Langerhans" authorityYear="1884" box="[464,586,1494,1519]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="violacea">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDEFFC8FE4B59E99107FA7F" box="[464,586,1494,1519]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399">M. violacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ from members of
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFDEFFC8FCC559E99083FA7F" authorityName="Putignano &amp; Langeneck &amp; Giangrande" authorityYear="2024" box="[862,974,1494,1519]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bushae" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDEFFC8FCC559E99083FA7F" box="[862,974,1494,1519]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399">M. bushae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDEFFC8FC4E59E99758FA7F" bold="true" box="[981,1045,1494,1519]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A18857CCFFDEFFC8FC4E59E99758FA7F" box="[981,1045,1494,1519]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1399" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
mainly in the presence of peristomial eyes and in having radiolar skeleton organised in a single row of cells, in lateral view.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C0D5652EFFDFFFC9FF3B5CB191ACFE80" pageId="7" pageNumber="1400" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="887036A5FFDFFFC9FF3B5CB19250FF38" blockId="7.[160,1155,142,272]" box="[160,285,142,168]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1400">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDFFFC9FF3B5CB19250FF38" bold="true" box="[160,285,142,168]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1400">Etymology</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="887036A5FFDFFFC9FF3B5C8D91ACFE80" blockId="7.[160,1155,142,272]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1400">
The species is named after Katharine Jeannette Bush (1855–1937), who identified specimens from the same locality as
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFDFFFC9FD925CEB91EFFF7D" authorityName="KrOyer" authorityYear="1856" box="[521,674,212,237]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="1400" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="steenstrupi">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDFFFC9FD925CEB91EFFF7D" box="[521,674,212,237]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1400">M. steenstrupi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in honour of her valuable contribution to the taxonomy of sabellid and serpulid polychaetes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C0D5652EFFDFFFC9FF3B5D0091AEFE74" pageId="7" pageNumber="1400" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="887036A5FFDFFFC9FF3B5D009288FEC9" blockId="7.[160,1155,319,484]" box="[160,453,319,345]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1400">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDFFFC9FF3B5D009288FEC9" bold="true" box="[160,453,319,345]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1400">Distribution and ecology</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="887036A5FFDFFFC9FF3B5D5C91AEFE74" blockId="7.[160,1155,319,484]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1400">
Eastern Bay; potentially present along the North American Atlantic Coast and misidentified as either
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFDFFFC9FEDE5DB992B1FE0F" baseAuthorityName="Montagu" baseAuthorityYear="1808" box="[325,508,390,415]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="1400" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="infundibulum">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDFFFC9FEDE5DB992B1FE0F" box="[325,508,390,415]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1400">M. infundibulum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFDFFFC9FDB15DB9918BFE0F" authorityName="KrOyer" authorityYear="1856" box="[554,710,390,415]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="1400" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="steenstrupi">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDFFFC9FDB15DB9918BFE0F" box="[554,710,390,415]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1400">M. steenstrupi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The only information concerning the ecology of these animals is reported in the locality label of the sample: ‘Rocky intertidal in some areas gravel &amp; mud in others,
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFDFFFC9FDAD5DF491C1FE74" box="[566,652,459,484]" class="Liliopsida" family="Zosteraceae" genus="Zostera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="7" pageNumber="1395" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Zostera</taxonomicName>
, 2–2 ft’.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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@ -1,58 +1,58 @@
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<mods:title id="6E0F2F91284920B9BFAF2F41915A1542">The forgotten diversity of the genus Myxicola (Polychaeta: Sabellidae) in North America: redescription of historical taxa and description of two new species</mods:title>
<document id="28FD34F60B1533A7E7841A15F3690203" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2024.2370664" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13758466" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1726224110956" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Putignano, Matteo, Langeneck, Joachim &amp; Giangrande, Adriana" docDate="2024" docId="006687B3FFDFFFC5FE905E769175FC38" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.58.37-40.1393-1427.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 58 (37 - 40)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2024.2370664" docStyle="DocumentStyle:3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62.3:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Myxicola boki Putignano, Langeneck &amp; Giangrande, 2024, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="1404" masterDocId="FC5FFFCBFFD8FFCEFF9B5C3F934DFF90" masterDocTitle="The forgotten diversity of the genus Myxicola (Polychaeta: Sabellidae) in North America: redescription of historical taxa and description of two new species" masterLastPageNumber="1427" masterPageNumber="1393" pageNumber="1400" updateTime="1726575629710" updateUser="guilherme" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="73DEE0D1FFDDD726CA172A767ACB5BFD">The forgotten diversity of the genus Myxicola (Polychaeta: Sabellidae) in North America: redescription of historical taxa and description of two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6FCA2F014E06695FFA63D4519870D592">Putignano, Matteo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9A456C26ACECD6721E2FEAF1804B0E9A">Langeneck, Joachim</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="9BB5C1FBDD361DD338563D287322919F">2024</mods:date>
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@ -71,9 +71,9 @@ Putignano, Langeneck &amp; Giangrande, 2024
<subSubSection id="C0D5652EFFDFFFC9FDDD5E469193FD03" box="[582,734,633,659]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1400" type="description">
<paragraph id="887036A5FFDFFFC9FDDD5E469193FD03" blockId="7.[582,734,633,659]" box="[582,734,633,659]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1400">
(
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFDFFFC9FDD55E4691F6FD03" box="[590,699,633,659]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[160,225,1658,1681]" captionTargetBox="[190,1124,147,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-3@8.[183,1132,142,1626]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Myxicola boki sp. n. A. entire worm; B, C. peristomial ring, ventral and lateral view; D. complex of ventral and dorsal lips; E. radiolar tip; F. pygidium; G. scheme of radiolar section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758474" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758474/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1400">Figures 3</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFDFFFC9FDD55E4691F6FD03" box="[590,699,633,659]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[160,225,1658,1681]" captionTargetBox="[190,1124,147,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-3@8.[183,1132,142,1626]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Myxicola boki sp. n. A. entire worm; B, C. peristomial ring, ventral and lateral view; D. complex of ventral and dorsal lips; E. radiolar tip; F. pygidium; G. scheme of radiolar section. (r.a: radiolar appendages)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758474" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758474/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1400">Figures 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFDFFFC9FD5C5E469198FD03" box="[711,725,633,659]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1382,1405]" captionTargetBox="[166,1150,144,1348]" captionTargetId="figure-67@10.[163,1153,142,1351]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 4. Myxicola boki sp. n. A. peristomial notochaeta; B. 4th chaetiger thoracic notochaeta; C. 24th chaetiger abdominal neurochaeta; D, E. 4th chaetiger thoracic uncinus; F–J. 24th chaetiger abdominal uncini, lateral and frontal views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758476" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758476/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1400">4</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFDFFFC9FD5C5E469198FD03" box="[711,725,633,659]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1382,1405]" captionTargetBox="[166,1150,144,1348]" captionTargetId="figure-67@10.[163,1153,142,1351]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 4. Myxicola boki sp. n. A. peristomial notochaeta; B. 4th chaetiger thoracic notochaeta; C. 24th chaetiger abdominal neurochaeta; D, E. 4th chaetiger thoracic uncinus; F–J. 24th chaetiger abdominal uncini, lateral and frontal views. Scale bars: 0.02 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758476" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758476/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1400">4</figureCitation>
)
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@ -139,12 +139,12 @@ from the same locality as holotype; MCZ-47069B
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<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFDFFFC9FF3B582B926BFBBE" bold="true" box="[160,294,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1400">Description</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="887036A5FFDFFFC7FF3B5808973FFD42" blockId="7.[160,1156,1044,1728]" lastBlockId="9.[160,1156,142,722]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="1402" pageId="7" pageNumber="1400">
<typeStatus id="57748807FFDFFFC9FF3B5808924AFBC0" box="[160,263,1079,1104]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1400" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
complete, body yellowish, with anterior peristomial ring sightly darker than rest of body (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFDFFFC9FE93586592DFFBE3" box="[264,402,1114,1139]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[160,225,1658,1681]" captionTargetBox="[190,1124,147,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-3@8.[183,1132,142,1626]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Myxicola boki sp. n. A. entire worm; B, C. peristomial ring, ventral and lateral view; D. complex of ventral and dorsal lips; E. radiolar tip; F. pygidium; G. scheme of radiolar section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758474" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758474/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1400">Figure 3A–C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFDFFFC9FE93586592DFFBE3" box="[264,402,1114,1139]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[160,225,1658,1681]" captionTargetBox="[190,1124,147,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-3@8.[183,1132,142,1626]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Myxicola boki sp. n. A. entire worm; B, C. peristomial ring, ventral and lateral view; D. complex of ventral and dorsal lips; E. radiolar tip; F. pygidium; G. scheme of radiolar section. (r.a: radiolar appendages)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758474" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758474/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1400">Figure 3A–C</figureCitation>
). Body cylindrical with slightly dorso-ventrally flattened abdomen. Crown of same colour as most of body (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFDFFFC9FD12584291B6FB06" box="[649,763,1149,1174]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[160,225,1658,1681]" captionTargetBox="[190,1124,147,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-3@8.[183,1132,142,1626]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Myxicola boki sp. n. A. entire worm; B, C. peristomial ring, ventral and lateral view; D. complex of ventral and dorsal lips; E. radiolar tip; F. pygidium; G. scheme of radiolar section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758474" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758474/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1400">Figure 3A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFDFFFC9FD12584291B6FB06" box="[649,763,1149,1174]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[160,225,1658,1681]" captionTargetBox="[190,1124,147,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-3@8.[183,1132,142,1626]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Myxicola boki sp. n. A. entire worm; B, C. peristomial ring, ventral and lateral view; D. complex of ventral and dorsal lips; E. radiolar tip; F. pygidium; G. scheme of radiolar section. (r.a: radiolar appendages)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758474" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758474/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1400">Figure 3A</figureCitation>
). No information concerning live colouration. Body
<quantity id="4F379B40FFDFFFC9FEE758A09280FB28" box="[380,461,1183,1208]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3" pageId="7" pageNumber="1400" unit="cm" value="7.3">7.3 cm</quantity>
long, 8 thoracic and 84 abdominal chaetigers; maximum width
@ -154,16 +154,37 @@ long, 8 thoracic and 84 abdominal chaetigers; maximum width
long, with 23 pairs of radioles; ratio body/crown length of 5.21. Peristomium
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long (distinctly longer than thoracic segments); anterior and posterior peristomial rings divided dorso-laterally by a narrow rut, with anterior ring darker than posterior; mid-ventral lobe of anterior peristomial ring triangular, prominent, distally rounded with a clearer colouration; peristomium low, leaving the junction between crown and body visible laterally; remarkably narrow and deep mid-lateral incision splitting branchial lobes in ventral and dorsal halves (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFDFFFC9FB8F59AD93E2FA5E" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[160,225,1658,1681]" captionTargetBox="[190,1124,147,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-3@8.[183,1132,142,1626]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Myxicola boki sp. n. A. entire worm; B, C. peristomial ring, ventral and lateral view; D. complex of ventral and dorsal lips; E. radiolar tip; F. pygidium; G. scheme of radiolar section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758474" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758474/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1400">Figure 3B, C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFDFFFC9FB8F59AD93E2FA5E" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[160,225,1658,1681]" captionTargetBox="[190,1124,147,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-3@8.[183,1132,142,1626]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Myxicola boki sp. n. A. entire worm; B, C. peristomial ring, ventral and lateral view; D. complex of ventral and dorsal lips; E. radiolar tip; F. pygidium; G. scheme of radiolar section. (r.a: radiolar appendages)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758474" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758474/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1400">Figure 3B, C</figureCitation>
). Dorsal lips with short, yellowish, filiform dorsal radiolar appendages, with rounded point (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFDFFFC9FF7559E89213FA60" box="[238,350,1495,1520]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[160,225,1658,1681]" captionTargetBox="[190,1124,147,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-3@8.[183,1132,142,1626]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Myxicola boki sp. n. A. entire worm; B, C. peristomial ring, ventral and lateral view; D. complex of ventral and dorsal lips; E. radiolar tip; F. pygidium; G. scheme of radiolar section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758474" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758474/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1400">Figure 3D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFDFFFC9FF7559E89213FA60" box="[238,350,1495,1520]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[160,225,1658,1681]" captionTargetBox="[190,1124,147,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-3@8.[183,1132,142,1626]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Myxicola boki sp. n. A. entire worm; B, C. peristomial ring, ventral and lateral view; D. complex of ventral and dorsal lips; E. radiolar tip; F. pygidium; G. scheme of radiolar section. (r.a: radiolar appendages)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758474" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758474/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1400">Figure 3D</figureCitation>
); pinnular appendages and ventral radiolar appendages both absent; ventral lips yellowish, low and wide, extending dorsoventrally along inner surface of base of radiolar lobes, connecting ventrally to these; parallel lamellae and ventral sacs both absent (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFDFFFC9FF645A00923CF9C8" box="[255,369,1599,1624]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[160,225,1658,1681]" captionTargetBox="[190,1124,147,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-3@8.[183,1132,142,1626]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Myxicola boki sp. n. A. entire worm; B, C. peristomial ring, ventral and lateral view; D. complex of ventral and dorsal lips; E. radiolar tip; F. pygidium; G. scheme of radiolar section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758474" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758474/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1400">Figure 3D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFDFFFC9FF645A00923CF9C8" box="[255,369,1599,1624]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[160,225,1658,1681]" captionTargetBox="[190,1124,147,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-3@8.[183,1132,142,1626]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Myxicola boki sp. n. A. entire worm; B, C. peristomial ring, ventral and lateral view; D. complex of ventral and dorsal lips; E. radiolar tip; F. pygidium; G. scheme of radiolar section. (r.a: radiolar appendages)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758474" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758474/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1400">Figure 3D</figureCitation>
). Outer surface of radioles translucent, connected by a high semi-transparent palmate membrane. Radiolar tips&gt;1/7 of total radiole length, of same colour as radioles, lanceolate with elongate tapering bare tip (thinner than pinnulae) (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFDFFFC9FB955ABA973BF90E" box="[1038,1142,1669,1694]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[160,225,1658,1681]" captionTargetBox="[190,1124,147,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-3@8.[183,1132,142,1626]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Myxicola boki sp. n. A. entire worm; B, C. peristomial ring, ventral and lateral view; D. complex of ventral and dorsal lips; E. radiolar tip; F. pygidium; G. scheme of radiolar section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758474" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758474/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1400">Figure 3E</figureCitation>
); pinnules thin and blunt, up to&gt;1/5 of total radiole length, of same colour as radioles, with
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFDFFFC9FB955ABA973BF90E" box="[1038,1142,1669,1694]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[160,225,1658,1681]" captionTargetBox="[190,1124,147,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-3@8.[183,1132,142,1626]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Myxicola boki sp. n. A. entire worm; B, C. peristomial ring, ventral and lateral view; D. complex of ventral and dorsal lips; E. radiolar tip; F. pygidium; G. scheme of radiolar section. (r.a: radiolar appendages)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758474" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758474/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1400">Figure 3E</figureCitation>
); pinnules thin and blunt, up to&gt;1/5 of total radiole length, of same colour as radioles, with a strictly alternating arrangement; distal pinnules the longest, but abruptly shortening to beginning of radiolar tip. Radiolar skeleton as 6–7 rows of cells, in circular arrangement around axis of radiole, in cross section, two dorsal-most rows with cells distinctly larger than other rows, surrounded by hyaline matrix; graft cells for pinnular skeleton squared and small, undivided, ventrally contiguous to the latter (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFD1FFC7FC875D2690C4FEA2" box="[796,905,281,306]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[160,225,1658,1681]" captionTargetBox="[190,1124,147,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-3@8.[183,1132,142,1626]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Myxicola boki sp. n. A. entire worm; B, C. peristomial ring, ventral and lateral view; D. complex of ventral and dorsal lips; E. radiolar tip; F. pygidium; G. scheme of radiolar section. (r.a: radiolar appendages)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758474" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758474/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1402">Figure 3G</figureCitation>
); radiolar and peristomial eyes not visible. Glandular girdle near the posterior margin of chaetiger 2. Lateral eyes not visible, possibly due to fixation artefact; pygidium posteriorly truncate, pygidial eyes not visible (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFD1FFC7FEC55DBE9285FE0A" box="[350,456,385,410]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[160,225,1658,1681]" captionTargetBox="[190,1124,147,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-3@8.[183,1132,142,1626]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Myxicola boki sp. n. A. entire worm; B, C. peristomial ring, ventral and lateral view; D. complex of ventral and dorsal lips; E. radiolar tip; F. pygidium; G. scheme of radiolar section. (r.a: radiolar appendages)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758474" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758474/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1402">Figure 3F</figureCitation>
). Numerous narrowly hooded thoracic notochaetae, distinctly thin, with elongated tapering tip, arranged in tufts; peristomial notochaetae with slightly narrower hood (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFD1FFC7FEC35DF992ADFE4F" box="[344,480,454,479]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1382,1405]" captionTargetBox="[166,1150,144,1348]" captionTargetId="figure-67@10.[163,1153,142,1351]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 4. Myxicola boki sp. n. A. peristomial notochaeta; B. 4th chaetiger thoracic notochaeta; C. 24th chaetiger abdominal neurochaeta; D, E. 4th chaetiger thoracic uncinus; F–J. 24th chaetiger abdominal uncini, lateral and frontal views. Scale bars: 0.02 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758476" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758476/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1402">Figure 4A, B</figureCitation>
); chaetigers 2–8 with curved acicular uncini, with 3–4 small teeth not reaching half of the relatively long main fang (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFD1FFC7FC865DD690FFFD92" box="[797,946,489,514]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1382,1405]" captionTargetBox="[166,1150,144,1348]" captionTargetId="figure-67@10.[163,1153,142,1351]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 4. Myxicola boki sp. n. A. peristomial notochaeta; B. 4th chaetiger thoracic notochaeta; C. 24th chaetiger abdominal neurochaeta; D, E. 4th chaetiger thoracic uncinus; F–J. 24th chaetiger abdominal uncini, lateral and frontal views. Scale bars: 0.02 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758476" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758476/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1402">Figures 4D, E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFD1FFC7FC275DD690AAFD92" box="[956,999,489,514]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="28.[160,225,1193,1216]" captionTargetBox="[163,1149,142,1156]" captionTargetId="figure-171@28.[163,1153,142,1161]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 15. Photographs of thoracic and abdominal uncini, respectively, of American Myxicola species: A, B. M. bushae sp. n.; C, D. M. boki sp. n.; E, F. M. conjuncta." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758504" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758504/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1402">15C</figureCitation>
); thoracic tori inconspicuous. Few abdominal neurochaetae, almost identical to thoracic notochaetae, but forming less conspicuous tufts than those on thorax, number of chaetae per fascicle decreasing through abdomen (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFD1FFC7FD965E6E9130FDFA" box="[525,637,593,618]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1382,1405]" captionTargetBox="[166,1150,144,1348]" captionTargetId="figure-67@10.[163,1153,142,1351]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 4. Myxicola boki sp. n. A. peristomial notochaeta; B. 4th chaetiger thoracic notochaeta; C. 24th chaetiger abdominal neurochaeta; D, E. 4th chaetiger thoracic uncinus; F–J. 24th chaetiger abdominal uncini, lateral and frontal views. Scale bars: 0.02 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758476" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758476/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1402">Figure 4C</figureCitation>
). Abdominal uncini with single, short tooth above the main fang, usually not exceeding ¼ of main fang length (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFD1FFC7FC045E4B976BFD1D" box="[927,1062,628,653]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1382,1405]" captionTargetBox="[166,1150,144,1348]" captionTargetId="figure-67@10.[163,1153,142,1351]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 4. Myxicola boki sp. n. A. peristomial notochaeta; B. 4th chaetiger thoracic notochaeta; C. 24th chaetiger abdominal neurochaeta; D, E. 4th chaetiger thoracic uncinus; F–J. 24th chaetiger abdominal uncini, lateral and frontal views. Scale bars: 0.02 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758476" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758476/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1402">Figure 4F, G</figureCitation>
), longer than that in a few uncini (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFD1FFC7FE4F5EA99116FD3F" box="[468,603,662,687]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1382,1405]" captionTargetBox="[166,1150,144,1348]" captionTargetId="figure-67@10.[163,1153,142,1351]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 4. Myxicola boki sp. n. A. peristomial notochaeta; B. 4th chaetiger thoracic notochaeta; C. 24th chaetiger abdominal neurochaeta; D, E. 4th chaetiger thoracic uncinus; F–J. 24th chaetiger abdominal uncini, lateral and frontal views. Scale bars: 0.02 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758476" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758476/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1402">Figure 4H–J</figureCitation>
); breast squared, main fang high, as long as or slightly longer than breast; handle vestigial, uncini as high as long (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFD1FFC7FC025E869760FD42" box="[921,1069,697,722]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1382,1405]" captionTargetBox="[166,1150,144,1348]" captionTargetId="figure-67@10.[163,1153,142,1351]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 4. Myxicola boki sp. n. A. peristomial notochaeta; B. 4th chaetiger thoracic notochaeta; C. 24th chaetiger abdominal neurochaeta; D, E. 4th chaetiger thoracic uncinus; F–J. 24th chaetiger abdominal uncini, lateral and frontal views. Scale bars: 0.02 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758476" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758476/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1402">Figures 4F, G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFD1FFC7FBA35E869728FD42" box="[1080,1125,697,722]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="28.[160,225,1193,1216]" captionTargetBox="[163,1149,142,1156]" captionTargetId="figure-171@28.[163,1153,142,1161]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 15. Photographs of thoracic and abdominal uncini, respectively, of American Myxicola species: A, B. M. bushae sp. n.; C, D. M. boki sp. n.; E, F. M. conjuncta." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758504" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758504/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1402">15D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DCB0662DFFD0FFC6FF3B5A459775F93E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758474" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13758474" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758474/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="1401" startId="8.[160,225,1658,1681]" targetBox="[190,1124,147,1623]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DCB0662DFFD0FFC6FF3B5A459235F95D" pageId="8" pageNumber="1401" startId="8.[160,225,1658,1681]" targetBox="[190,1124,147,1623]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="887036A5FFD0FFC6FF3B5A459775F93E" blockId="8.[160,1155,1658,1741]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1401">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFD0FFC6FF3B5A4593B0F901" bold="true" box="[160,253,1658,1681]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1401">Figure 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFD0FFC6FE9C5A4592C0F901" authorityName="Putignano &amp; Langeneck &amp; Giangrande" authorityYear="2024" box="[263,397,1658,1681]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="1401" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="boki" status="sp. nov.">
@ -187,36 +208,12 @@ A
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFD0FFC6FC8A5AA8906CF93E" bold="true" box="[785,801,1687,1710]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1401">G</emphasis>
. scheme of radiolar section.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="887036A5FFD0FFC6FF3B5A869235F95D" blockId="8.[160,1155,1658,1741]" box="[160,376,1721,1741]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1401">
(
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFD0FFC6FF3D5A8693F0F95D" bold="true" box="[166,189,1721,1741]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1401">r.a</emphasis>
: radiolar appendages)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="887036A5FFD1FFC7FF3B5CB1973FFD42" blockId="9.[160,1156,142,722]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1402">
a strictly alternating arrangement; distal pinnules the longest, but abruptly shortening to beginning of radiolar tip. Radiolar skeleton as 6–7 rows of cells, in circular arrangement around axis of radiole, in cross section, two dorsal-most rows with cells distinctly larger than other rows, surrounded by hyaline matrix; graft cells for pinnular skeleton squared and small, undivided, ventrally contiguous to the latter (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFD1FFC7FC875D2690C4FEA2" box="[796,905,281,306]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[160,225,1658,1681]" captionTargetBox="[190,1124,147,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-3@8.[183,1132,142,1626]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Myxicola boki sp. n. A. entire worm; B, C. peristomial ring, ventral and lateral view; D. complex of ventral and dorsal lips; E. radiolar tip; F. pygidium; G. scheme of radiolar section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758474" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758474/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1402">Figure 3G</figureCitation>
); radiolar and peristomial eyes not visible. Glandular girdle near the posterior margin of chaetiger 2. Lateral eyes not visible, possibly due to fixation artefact; pygidium posteriorly truncate, pygidial eyes not visible (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFD1FFC7FEC55DBE9285FE0A" box="[350,456,385,410]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[160,225,1658,1681]" captionTargetBox="[190,1124,147,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-3@8.[183,1132,142,1626]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Myxicola boki sp. n. A. entire worm; B, C. peristomial ring, ventral and lateral view; D. complex of ventral and dorsal lips; E. radiolar tip; F. pygidium; G. scheme of radiolar section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758474" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758474/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1402">Figure 3F</figureCitation>
). Numerous narrowly hooded thoracic notochaetae, distinctly thin, with elongated tapering tip, arranged in tufts; peristomial notochaetae with slightly narrower hood (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFD1FFC7FEC35DF992ADFE4F" box="[344,480,454,479]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1382,1405]" captionTargetBox="[166,1150,144,1348]" captionTargetId="figure-67@10.[163,1153,142,1351]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 4. Myxicola boki sp. n. A. peristomial notochaeta; B. 4th chaetiger thoracic notochaeta; C. 24th chaetiger abdominal neurochaeta; D, E. 4th chaetiger thoracic uncinus; F–J. 24th chaetiger abdominal uncini, lateral and frontal views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758476" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758476/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1402">Figure 4A, B</figureCitation>
); chaetigers 2–8 with curved acicular uncini, with 3–4 small teeth not reaching half of the relatively long main fang (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFD1FFC7FC865DD690FFFD92" box="[797,946,489,514]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1382,1405]" captionTargetBox="[166,1150,144,1348]" captionTargetId="figure-67@10.[163,1153,142,1351]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 4. Myxicola boki sp. n. A. peristomial notochaeta; B. 4th chaetiger thoracic notochaeta; C. 24th chaetiger abdominal neurochaeta; D, E. 4th chaetiger thoracic uncinus; F–J. 24th chaetiger abdominal uncini, lateral and frontal views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758476" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758476/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1402">Figures 4D, E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFD1FFC7FC275DD690AAFD92" box="[956,999,489,514]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="28.[160,225,1193,1216]" captionTargetBox="[163,1149,142,1156]" captionTargetId="figure-171@28.[163,1153,142,1161]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 15. Photographs of thoracic and abdominal uncini, respectively, of American Myxicola species: A, B. M. bushae sp. n.; C, D. M. boki sp. n.; E, F. M. conjuncta." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758504" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758504/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1402">15C</figureCitation>
); thoracic tori inconspicuous. Few abdominal neurochaetae, almost identical to thoracic notochaetae, but forming less conspicuous tufts than those on thorax, number of chaetae per fascicle decreasing through abdomen (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFD1FFC7FD965E6E9130FDFA" box="[525,637,593,618]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1382,1405]" captionTargetBox="[166,1150,144,1348]" captionTargetId="figure-67@10.[163,1153,142,1351]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 4. Myxicola boki sp. n. A. peristomial notochaeta; B. 4th chaetiger thoracic notochaeta; C. 24th chaetiger abdominal neurochaeta; D, E. 4th chaetiger thoracic uncinus; F–J. 24th chaetiger abdominal uncini, lateral and frontal views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758476" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758476/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1402">Figure 4C</figureCitation>
). Abdominal uncini with single, short tooth above the main fang, usually not exceeding ¼ of main fang length (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFD1FFC7FC045E4B976BFD1D" box="[927,1062,628,653]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1382,1405]" captionTargetBox="[166,1150,144,1348]" captionTargetId="figure-67@10.[163,1153,142,1351]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 4. Myxicola boki sp. n. A. peristomial notochaeta; B. 4th chaetiger thoracic notochaeta; C. 24th chaetiger abdominal neurochaeta; D, E. 4th chaetiger thoracic uncinus; F–J. 24th chaetiger abdominal uncini, lateral and frontal views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758476" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758476/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1402">Figure 4F, G</figureCitation>
), longer than that in a few uncini (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFD1FFC7FE4F5EA99116FD3F" box="[468,603,662,687]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1382,1405]" captionTargetBox="[166,1150,144,1348]" captionTargetId="figure-67@10.[163,1153,142,1351]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 4. Myxicola boki sp. n. A. peristomial notochaeta; B. 4th chaetiger thoracic notochaeta; C. 24th chaetiger abdominal neurochaeta; D, E. 4th chaetiger thoracic uncinus; F–J. 24th chaetiger abdominal uncini, lateral and frontal views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758476" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758476/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1402">Figure 4H–J</figureCitation>
); breast squared, main fang high, as long as or slightly longer than breast; handle vestigial, uncini as high as long (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFD1FFC7FC025E869760FD42" box="[921,1069,697,722]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1382,1405]" captionTargetBox="[166,1150,144,1348]" captionTargetId="figure-67@10.[163,1153,142,1351]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 4. Myxicola boki sp. n. A. peristomial notochaeta; B. 4th chaetiger thoracic notochaeta; C. 24th chaetiger abdominal neurochaeta; D, E. 4th chaetiger thoracic uncinus; F–J. 24th chaetiger abdominal uncini, lateral and frontal views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758476" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758476/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1402">Figures 4F, G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFD1FFC7FBA35E869728FD42" box="[1080,1125,697,722]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="28.[160,225,1193,1216]" captionTargetBox="[163,1149,142,1156]" captionTargetId="figure-171@28.[163,1153,142,1161]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 15. Photographs of thoracic and abdominal uncini, respectively, of American Myxicola species: A, B. M. bushae sp. n.; C, D. M. boki sp. n.; E, F. M. conjuncta." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758504" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758504/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1402">15D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C0D5652EFFD1FFC5FF3B5EC1912AFD92" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="1404" pageId="9" pageNumber="1402" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="887036A5FFD1FFC7FF3B5EC1924BFC88" blockId="9.[160,1157,766,1728]" box="[160,262,766,792]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1402">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFD1FFC7FF3B5EC1924BFC88" bold="true" box="[160,262,766,792]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1402">Remarks</emphasis>
@ -292,13 +289,13 @@ Some differences can be found also in comparison to line drawings by
<bibRefCitation id="EC5E4B54FFD1FFC7FC6359E89732FA60" author="Bush KJ" box="[1016,1151,1495,1520]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1402" pagination="169 - 346" refId="ref12888" refString="Bush KJ. 1905. Tubicolous annelids of the tribes sabellides and serpulides from the Pacific Ocean. New York: Doubleday; p. 169 - 346." type="book chapter" year="1905">Bush (1905)</bibRefCitation>
: thoracic uncini appear markedly curved, with a short main fang (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFD1FFC7FC0859C5975DF983" box="[915,1040,1530,1555]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="27.[160,225,1495,1518]" captionTargetBox="[164,1134,148,1440]" captionTargetId="figure-3@27.[163,1153,142,1463]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 14. Drawings of uncini and chaetae of the different Myxicola taxa originally described by Bush (1905). A–E, Myxicola conjuncta: A1–A3, thoracic notochaetae; B1, B2, spear-shaped thoracic notochaetae; C, spear-shaped abdominal neurochaeta; D1–D3, thoracic uncini; E1, E2, abdominal uncini). F–J, Myxicola glacialis: F1–F3, thoracic notochaetae, of which F2 from the peristomium; G1, G2, Abdominal neurochaetae; H1, H2, spear-shaped thoracic notochaetae; I, thoracic uncini; J1, J2, abdominal uncini). K–M, Myxicola steenstrupi sensu Bush (1905): K, thoracic notochaeta, ‘[…] similar to the ones from the abdomen […]’; L1–L4, thoracic uncini; M1, M2, abdominal uncini).N, O, Myxicola affinis: N1, N2, thoracic uncini; O1, O2, abdominal uncini. Drawings from Bush (1905)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758502/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1402">Figure 14L</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFD1FFC7FB8B59C5977FF983" box="[1040,1074,1530,1555]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1658,1681]" captionTargetBox="[205,1115,146,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-3@3.[196,1118,142,1626]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Myxicola bushae sp. n. A. entire worm; B, C. peristomial ring, ventral and lateral view; D. complex of ventral and dorsal lips; E. radiolar tip; F. pygidium; G. scheme of radiolar cross section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758468/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1402">1–L</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFD1FFC7FBA959C5970CF983" box="[1074,1089,1530,1555]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1382,1405]" captionTargetBox="[166,1150,144,1348]" captionTargetId="figure-67@10.[163,1153,142,1351]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 4. Myxicola boki sp. n. A. peristomial notochaeta; B. 4th chaetiger thoracic notochaeta; C. 24th chaetiger abdominal neurochaeta; D, E. 4th chaetiger thoracic uncinus; F–J. 24th chaetiger abdominal uncini, lateral and frontal views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758476" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758476/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1402">4</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFD1FFC7FB8B59C5977FF983" box="[1040,1074,1530,1555]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1658,1681]" captionTargetBox="[205,1115,146,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-3@3.[196,1118,142,1626]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Myxicola bushae sp. n. A. entire worm; B, C. peristomial ring, ventral and lateral view; D. complex of ventral and dorsal lips; E. radiolar tip; F. pygidium; G. scheme of radiolar cross section. (g: glandular girdle, barely visible; p.e: pygidial eyes)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758468/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1402">1–L</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFD1FFC7FBA959C5970CF983" box="[1074,1089,1530,1555]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1382,1405]" captionTargetBox="[166,1150,144,1348]" captionTargetId="figure-67@10.[163,1153,142,1351]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 4. Myxicola boki sp. n. A. peristomial notochaeta; B. 4th chaetiger thoracic notochaeta; C. 24th chaetiger abdominal neurochaeta; D, E. 4th chaetiger thoracic uncinus; F–J. 24th chaetiger abdominal uncini, lateral and frontal views. Scale bars: 0.02 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758476" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758476/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1402">4</figureCitation>
), and abdominal uncini show a smaller and shorter main fang with a single, long apical tooth (
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFD1FFC7FF335A009262F9C8" box="[168,303,1599,1624]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="27.[160,225,1495,1518]" captionTargetBox="[164,1134,148,1440]" captionTargetId="figure-3@27.[163,1153,142,1463]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 14. Drawings of uncini and chaetae of the different Myxicola taxa originally described by Bush (1905). A–E, Myxicola conjuncta: A1–A3, thoracic notochaetae; B1, B2, spear-shaped thoracic notochaetae; C, spear-shaped abdominal neurochaeta; D1–D3, thoracic uncini; E1, E2, abdominal uncini). F–J, Myxicola glacialis: F1–F3, thoracic notochaetae, of which F2 from the peristomium; G1, G2, Abdominal neurochaetae; H1, H2, spear-shaped thoracic notochaetae; I, thoracic uncini; J1, J2, abdominal uncini). K–M, Myxicola steenstrupi sensu Bush (1905): K, thoracic notochaeta, ‘[…] similar to the ones from the abdomen […]’; L1–L4, thoracic uncini; M1, M2, abdominal uncini).N, O, Myxicola affinis: N1, N2, thoracic uncini; O1, O2, abdominal uncini. Drawings from Bush (1905)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758502/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1402">Figure 14M</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFD1FFC7FEB45A00927AF9C8" box="[303,311,1599,1624]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1658,1681]" captionTargetBox="[205,1115,146,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-3@3.[196,1118,142,1626]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Myxicola bushae sp. n. A. entire worm; B, C. peristomial ring, ventral and lateral view; D. complex of ventral and dorsal lips; E. radiolar tip; F. pygidium; G. scheme of radiolar cross section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758468/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1402">1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFD1FFC7FEB45A00927AF9C8" box="[303,311,1599,1624]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1658,1681]" captionTargetBox="[205,1115,146,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-3@3.[196,1118,142,1626]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Myxicola bushae sp. n. A. entire worm; B, C. peristomial ring, ventral and lateral view; D. complex of ventral and dorsal lips; E. radiolar tip; F. pygidium; G. scheme of radiolar cross section. (g: glandular girdle, barely visible; p.e: pygidial eyes)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758468/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1402">1</figureCitation>
, M
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFD1FFC7FEC35A00922BF9C8" box="[344,358,1599,1624]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1451,1474]" captionTargetBox="[166,1149,145,1416]" captionTargetId="figure-57@5.[163,1153,142,1419]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Myxicola bushae sp. n. A. peristomium notochaeta; B. 4th chaetiger thoracic notochaeta; C. 24th chaetiger abdominal neurochaeta; D–F. 4th chaetiger thoracic uncinus, lateral and frontal view; G–J. 24th chaetiger abdominal uncini, lateral and frontal views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758472" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758472/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1402">2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="10F42A20FFD1FFC7FEC35A00922BF9C8" box="[344,358,1599,1624]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1451,1474]" captionTargetBox="[166,1149,145,1416]" captionTargetId="figure-57@5.[163,1153,142,1419]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Myxicola bushae sp. n. A. peristomium notochaeta; B. 4th chaetiger thoracic notochaeta; C. 24th chaetiger abdominal neurochaeta; D–F. 4th chaetiger thoracic uncinus, lateral and frontal view; G–J. 24th chaetiger abdominal uncini, lateral and frontal views. Scale bars: 0.02 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758472" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758472/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1402">2</figureCitation>
). Also, the vestigial handle is absent. All this allows us to differentiate members of
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFD1FFC7FEB45A5D928AF9EB" authorityName="KrOyer" authorityYear="1856" box="[303,455,1634,1659]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="1402" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="steenstrupi">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFD1FFC7FEB45A5D928AF9EB" box="[303,455,1634,1659]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1402">M. steenstrupi</emphasis>
@ -311,7 +308,7 @@ from the examined specimens of
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A18857CCFFD1FFC7FC5B5A5D974DF9EB" box="[960,1024,1634,1659]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1402" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="887036A5FFD1FFC4FF5B5ABA920AFA48" blockId="9.[160,1157,766,1728]" lastBlockId="10.[160,1156,1376,1496]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="1403" pageId="9" pageNumber="1402">
<paragraph id="887036A5FFD1FFC4FF5B5ABA9280F92F" blockId="9.[160,1157,766,1728]" lastBlockId="10.[160,1156,1529,1727]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="1403" pageId="9" pageNumber="1402">
Comparison with the
<typeStatus id="57748807FFD1FFC7FE275ABA9154F90E" box="[444,537,1669,1694]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1402" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
of
@ -320,10 +317,21 @@ of
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EC5E4B54FFD1FFC7FCB05ABA90B9F90E" author="Darbyshire T" box="[811,1012,1669,1694]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1402" pagination="106 - 137" refId="ref13114" refString="Darbyshire T. 2023. Designation of a neotype for Myxicola infundibulum (Montagu, 1808) (Annelida: Sabellidae) and a new species from the UK. Eur J Taxon. 900: 106 - 137. doi: 10.5852 / ejt. 2023.900.2305." type="journal article" year="2023">Darbyshire (2023)</bibRefCitation>
shows clear differences in the morphology of lips and associated structures, radiolar skeleton Scale bars:
<quantity id="4F379B40FFD2FFC4FF6559FB920AFA48" box="[254,327,1476,1496]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="1403" unit="mm" value="0.02">0.02 mm</quantity>
shows clear differences in the morphology of lips and associated structures, radiolar skeleton arrangement, shape of peristomium, morphology of abdominal uncini and pigmentation, leaving only the morphology of thoracic uncini similar. The comparison with
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFD2FFC4FBB35A2392F9F9C7" authority="Darbyshire, 2023" authorityName="Darbyshire" authorityYear="2023" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="1403" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="polychroma">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFD2FFC4FBB35A2393BEF9C7" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1403">M. polychroma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EC5E4B54FFD2FFC4FF625A0192F9F9C7" author="Darbyshire T" box="[249,436,1598,1623]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1403" pagination="106 - 137" refId="ref13114" refString="Darbyshire T. 2023. Designation of a neotype for Myxicola infundibulum (Montagu, 1808) (Annelida: Sabellidae) and a new species from the UK. Eur J Taxon. 900: 106 - 137. doi: 10.5852 / ejt. 2023.900.2305." type="journal article" year="2023">Darbyshire, 2023</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
unveils remarkable similarity to
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFD2FFC4FC815A019024F9C7" authorityName="Putignano &amp; Langeneck &amp; Giangrande" authorityYear="2024" box="[794,873,1598,1623]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="1403" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="boki" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFD2FFC4FC815A019024F9C7" box="[794,873,1598,1623]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1403">M. boki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFD2FFC4FCF45A0190E0F9C7" bold="true" box="[879,941,1598,1623]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1403">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A18857CCFFD2FFC4FCF45A0190E0F9C7" box="[879,941,1598,1623]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1403" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
in the shape of the mid-ventral lobe, while morphology of lips and associated structures, shape of radiolar tips, radiolar skeleton arrangement, morphology of thoracic and abdominal uncini all differentiate these species.
</paragraph>
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<caption id="DCB0662DFFD2FFC4FF3B5959920AFA48" pageId="10" pageNumber="1403" startId="10.[160,225,1382,1405]" targetBox="[166,1150,144,1348]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="887036A5FFD2FFC4FF3B59599293FA28" blockId="10.[160,1156,1376,1496]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1403">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFD2FFC4FF3B595993B7FAED" bold="true" box="[160,250,1382,1405]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1403">Figure 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFD2FFC4FE9A595992CEFAED" authorityName="Putignano &amp; Langeneck &amp; Giangrande" authorityYear="2024" box="[257,387,1382,1405]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="1403" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="boki" status="sp. nov.">
@ -353,22 +361,11 @@ chaetiger thoracic uncinus;
<superScript id="7FBA9BEDFFD2FFC4FC39594190FFFA1D" attach="left" box="[930,946,1406,1421]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="1403">th</superScript>
chaetiger abdominal uncini, lateral and frontal views.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="887036A5FFD2FFC4FF3B59C69280F92F" blockId="10.[160,1156,1529,1727]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1403">
arrangement, shape of peristomium, morphology of abdominal uncini and pigmentation, leaving only the morphology of thoracic uncini similar. The comparison with
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFD2FFC4FBB35A2392F9F9C7" authority="Darbyshire, 2023" authorityName="Darbyshire" authorityYear="2023" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="1403" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="polychroma">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFD2FFC4FBB35A2393BEF9C7" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1403">M. polychroma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EC5E4B54FFD2FFC4FF625A0192F9F9C7" author="Darbyshire T" box="[249,436,1598,1623]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1403" pagination="106 - 137" refId="ref13114" refString="Darbyshire T. 2023. Designation of a neotype for Myxicola infundibulum (Montagu, 1808) (Annelida: Sabellidae) and a new species from the UK. Eur J Taxon. 900: 106 - 137. doi: 10.5852 / ejt. 2023.900.2305." type="journal article" year="2023">Darbyshire, 2023</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
unveils remarkable similarity to
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFD2FFC4FC815A019024F9C7" authorityName="Putignano &amp; Langeneck &amp; Giangrande" authorityYear="2024" box="[794,873,1598,1623]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="1403" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="boki" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFD2FFC4FC815A019024F9C7" box="[794,873,1598,1623]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1403">M. boki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFD2FFC4FCF45A0190E0F9C7" bold="true" box="[879,941,1598,1623]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1403">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A18857CCFFD2FFC4FCF45A0190E0F9C7" box="[879,941,1598,1623]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1403" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
in the shape of the mid-ventral lobe, while morphology of lips and associated structures, shape of radiolar tips, radiolar skeleton arrangement, morphology of thoracic and abdominal uncini all differentiate these species.
<paragraph id="887036A5FFD2FFC4FF3B59FB920AFA48" blockId="10.[160,1156,1376,1496]" box="[160,327,1476,1496]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1403">
Scale bars:
<quantity id="4F379B40FFD2FFC4FF6559FB920AFA48" box="[254,327,1476,1496]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="1403" unit="mm" value="0.02">0.02 mm</quantity>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="887036A5FFD3FFC5FF5B5CB1912AFD92" blockId="11.[160,1156,142,514]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1404">
<taxonomicName id="4FCF4D26FFD3FFC5FF5B5CB19215FF37" authorityName="Putignano &amp; Langeneck &amp; Giangrande" authorityYear="2024" box="[192,344,142,167]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" genus="Myxicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="1404" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="boki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="BABBEAB7FFD3FFC5FF5B5CB19215FF37" box="[192,344,142,167]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1404">Myxicola boki</emphasis>

170
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View file

@ -1,73 +1,75 @@
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<mods:namePart id="F5443BF9E208F3D3386D39B67241FC19">Bai, Ming</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D091D11DB5FFB82AC3965E061C6AE5F9">Yang, Xingke</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="9289657C65476565D089FB18FDCDFB0A" box="[136,637,1231,1255]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238" type="nomenclature">
@ -86,8 +88,8 @@
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<paragraph id="DA2C36F765476565D089FB25FC80FAE5" blockId="5.[136,1452,1231,1800]" box="[136,816,1266,1288]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">
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<treatmentCitation id="5B3210E665476565D089FB25FC80FAE5" box="[136,816,1266,1288]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">
<taxonomicName id="1D934D7465476565D089FB25FE42FAE5" ID-CoL="6XVW7" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[136,498,1266,1288]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scarabaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="molossus">
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE565476565D089FB25FEE6FAEA" box="[136,342,1266,1287]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">Scarabaeus molossus</emphasis>
@ -97,16 +99,20 @@
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE565476565D1FDFB25FD18FAEA" box="[508,680,1266,1288]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">Syst. Nat. (ed. 10)</emphasis>
: 347 (LSLC).
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="FA8311D965476565D089FAC5FCB9FAC5" box="[136,777,1298,1320]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">
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<taxonomicName id="1D934D7465476565D089FAC5FE47FACA" ID-CoL="6Y84B" authority="Herbst, 1789" authorityName="Herbst" authorityYear="1789" box="[136,503,1298,1320]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scarabaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE565476565D089FAC5FEC1FACA" box="[136,369,1298,1319]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">Scarabaeus abbreviatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BE024B0665476565D179FAC5FE47FACA" author="Herbst" box="[376,503,1298,1320]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238" refId="ref29834" refString="Herbst, J. F. W. 1789. Naturgeschichte aller bekannten in- und auslandischen Insekten, als eine Fortsetzung der von Buffonschen Naturgeschichte. Nach dem System des Ritters von Linne und Fabicius zu bearbeiten angefangen von Carl Gustav Jablonsky von Johann Friedrich Whilhelm Herbst. Der Kafer zweyter Theil. Joachim Pauli, Berlin. 330 pp." type="book" year="1789">Herbst, 1789</bibRefCitation>
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,
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE565476565D202FAC4FDDAFACA" box="[515,618,1298,1320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">Nat. Kafer</emphasis>
, 2: 53, t.8, f.10;
, 2: 53, t.8, f.10;
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<bibRefCitation id="BE024B0665476565D310FAC5FC21FACA" author="Gillet" box="[785,913,1298,1320]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238" pagination="1 - 100" refId="ref29086" refString="Gillet, J. J. E. 1911 a. Scarabaeidae: Coprinae I. Coleopterorum Catalogus auspicis et auxilio. W. Junk. A. Schenkling. Berlin, 38: 1 - 100." type="journal article" year="1911">Gillet, 1911a</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE565476565D39DFAC5FA35FAC5" box="[924,1413,1298,1320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">
@ -117,17 +123,19 @@ Col. Catalog. Pars. 38,
I
</emphasis>
: 69 (Syn.).
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA2C36F765476565D089FA85FF4AFA65" blockId="5.[136,1452,1231,1800]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">
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<taxonomicName id="1D934D7465476565D089FA85FE52FA8A" ID-CoL="79W4V" authority="Herbst, 1789" authorityName="Herbst" authorityYear="1789" box="[136,482,1362,1384]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scarabaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="berbiceus">
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE565476565D089FA85FEECFA8A" box="[136,348,1362,1383]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">Scarabaeus berbiceus</emphasis>
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,
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE565476565D1ECFA84FDE3FA8A" box="[493,595,1362,1384]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">Nat. Kafer</emphasis>
, 2: 227, t.16, f.1.2;
, 2: 227, t.16, f.1.2;
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<bibRefCitation id="BE024B0665476565D317FA85FC26FA8A" author="Gillet" box="[790,918,1362,1384]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238" pagination="1 - 100" refId="ref29086" refString="Gillet, J. J. E. 1911 a. Scarabaeidae: Coprinae I. Coleopterorum Catalogus auspicis et auxilio. W. Junk. A. Schenkling. Berlin, 38: 1 - 100." type="journal article" year="1911">Gillet, 1911a</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE565476565D3A1FA85FA36FA85" box="[928,1414,1362,1384]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">
@ -138,17 +146,19 @@ Col. Catalog. Pars. 38,
I
</emphasis>
: 69 (Syn.).
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<treatmentCitation id="5B3210E665476565D089FA45FA29FA45" box="[136,1433,1426,1448]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="FA8311D965476565D089FA45FD0EFA45" box="[136,702,1426,1448]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">
<treatmentCitation id="5B3210E665476565D089FA45FD0EFA45" box="[136,702,1426,1448]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">
<taxonomicName id="1D934D7465476565D089FA45FE03FA4A" ID-CoL="4V27H" authority="Olivier, 1789" authorityName="Olivier" authorityYear="1789" box="[136,435,1426,1448]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Catharsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janus">
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE565476565D089FA45FE9CFA45" box="[136,300,1426,1448]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">Catharsius janus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BE024B0665476565D133FA45FE03FA4A" author="Olivier" box="[306,435,1426,1448]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238" refId="ref31944" refString="Olivier, G. A. 1789. Entomologie, ou Histoire naturelle des insects, avec leurs caracteres generiques et specifiques, leur description, leur synonymie et leur figures enluminees, Coleopteres, Tome premier. Baudouin, Paris. 190 pp." type="book" year="1789">Olivier, 1789</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE565476565D1BCFA44FE55FA45" box="[445,485,1427,1448]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">Ent.</emphasis>
, 1(3): 101, t.26, f.227;
, 1(3): 101, t.26, f.227;
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<bibRefCitation id="BE024B0665476565D2C5FA45FCF2FA4A" author="Gillet" box="[708,834,1426,1448]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238" pagination="1 - 100" refId="ref29086" refString="Gillet, J. J. E. 1911 a. Scarabaeidae: Coprinae I. Coleopterorum Catalogus auspicis et auxilio. W. Junk. A. Schenkling. Berlin, 38: 1 - 100." type="journal article" year="1911">Gillet, 1911a</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE565476565D34DFA45FA9CFA45" box="[844,1324,1426,1448]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">
@ -159,9 +169,9 @@ Col. Catalog. Pars. 38,
I
</emphasis>
: 69 (Syn.).
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA2C36F765476565D089FA65FB92FA25" blockId="5.[136,1452,1231,1800]" box="[136,1058,1458,1480]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="FA8311D965476565D089FA65FB92FA25" box="[136,1058,1458,1480]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">
<treatmentCitation id="5B3210E665476565D089FA65FB92FA25" box="[136,1058,1458,1480]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">
<taxonomicName id="1D934D7465476565D089FA65FE11FA2A" ID-CoL="Y67F" authority="Fabricius, 1801" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1801" box="[136,417,1458,1480]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ursus">
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE565476565D089FA65FEB4FA25" box="[136,260,1458,1480]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">Copris ursus</emphasis>
@ -175,8 +185,10 @@ I
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE565476565D313FA64FC2EFA2A" box="[786,926,1458,1480]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">Hist. Nat. Col.</emphasis>
, 2: 77 (Syn.).
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<paragraph id="DA2C36F765476565D089FA05FCA5FA0A" blockId="5.[136,1452,1231,1800]" box="[136,789,1490,1512]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="FA8311D965476565D089FA05FCA5FA0A" box="[136,789,1490,1512]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">
<treatmentCitation id="5B3210E665476565D089FA05FCA5FA0A" box="[136,789,1490,1512]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">
<taxonomicName id="1D934D7465476565D089FA05FE6DFA0A" ID-CoL="RTZP" authority=": Harold, 1877" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1877" box="[136,477,1490,1512]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Catharsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="molossus">
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE565476565D089FA05FEFFFA0A" box="[136,335,1490,1511]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">Catharsius molossus</emphasis>
@ -187,8 +199,10 @@ I
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE565476565D1E6FA05FD75FA0A" box="[487,709,1490,1512]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova</emphasis>
, 10: 44.
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA2C36F765476565D089FA25FC67F9EA" blockId="5.[136,1452,1231,1800]" box="[136,983,1522,1544]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="FA8311D965476565D089FA25FC67F9EA" box="[136,983,1522,1544]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">
<treatmentCitation id="5B3210E665476565D089FA25FC67F9EA" box="[136,983,1522,1544]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">
<taxonomicName id="1D934D7465476565D089FA25FDE1F9EA" ID-CoL="RTYC" authority="Deyrolle &amp; Fairmaire, 1878" authorityName="Deyrolle &amp; Fairmaire" authorityYear="1878" box="[136,593,1522,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Catharsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="davidis">
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE565476565D089FA25FE8DF9EA" box="[136,317,1522,1543]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">Catharsius davidis</emphasis>
@ -199,8 +213,10 @@ I
, 8(5): 95.
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE565476565D37AFA25FC67F9EA" bold="true" box="[891,983,1522,1544]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">Syn. nov.</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="DA2C36F765476565D089F9C5FEC4F9A5" blockId="5.[136,1452,1231,1800]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="FA8311D965476565D089F9C5FEC4F9A5" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">
<treatmentCitation id="5B3210E665476565D089F9C5FEC4F9A5" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">
<taxonomicName id="1D934D7465476565D089F9C5FDB3F9CA" ID-CoL="69G3J" authority="Lansberge, 1879" authorityName="Lansberge" authorityYear="1879" box="[136,515,1554,1576]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Catharsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="timorensis">
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE565476565D089F9C5FEEBF9C5" box="[136,347,1554,1576]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">Catharsius timorensis</emphasis>
@ -214,8 +230,10 @@ I
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE565476565D40BF9C4FF55F9A5" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">Monogr. Scarab. Aphod. Palaearkt. Orient. Reg.</emphasis>
, 1: 307 (Syn.).
</treatmentCitation>
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<paragraph id="DA2C36F765476565D089F985FC8DF965" blockId="5.[136,1452,1231,1800]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="FA8311D965476565D089F985FC8DF965" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">
<treatmentCitation id="5B3210E665476565D089F985FC8DF965" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">
<taxonomicName id="1D934D7465476565D089F985FE41F985" ID-CoL="RTYD" authority="Lansberge, 1886" authorityName="Lansberge" authorityYear="1886" box="[136,497,1618,1640]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Catharsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dayacus">
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE565476565D089F985FEF8F98A" box="[136,328,1618,1639]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">Catharsius dayacus</emphasis>
@ -231,8 +249,10 @@ I
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE565476565D1BEF9A5FE4BF96A" box="[447,507,1650,1671]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">Elytra</emphasis>
, 22(2): 283 (removal from Syn.).
</treatmentCitation>
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<paragraph id="DA2C36F765476565D089F945FDC3F945" blockId="5.[136,1452,1231,1800]" box="[136,627,1682,1704]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="FA8311D965476565D089F945FDC3F945" box="[136,627,1682,1704]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">
<treatmentCitation id="5B3210E665476565D089F945FDC3F945" box="[136,627,1682,1704]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">
<taxonomicName id="1D934D7465476565D089F945FE74F945" ID-CoL="RTYF" authority="Paulian, 1936" authorityName="Paulian" authorityYear="1936" box="[136,452,1682,1704]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Catharsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubius">
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE565476565D089F945FE88F94A" box="[136,312,1682,1703]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">Catharsius dubius</emphasis>
@ -242,8 +262,10 @@ I
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE565476565D1CFF945FDA8F94A" box="[462,536,1682,1703]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">Treubia</emphasis>
, 15: 396.
</treatmentCitation>
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<paragraph id="DA2C36F765476565D089F965FD2BF925" blockId="5.[136,1452,1231,1800]" box="[136,667,1714,1736]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="FA8311D965476565D089F965FD2BF925" box="[136,667,1714,1736]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">
<treatmentCitation id="5B3210E665476565D089F965FD2BF925" box="[136,667,1714,1736]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">
<taxonomicName id="1D934D7465476565D089F965FE5CF925" ID-CoL="5XG23" authority="Paulian, 1936" authorityName="Paulian" authorityYear="1936" box="[136,492,1714,1736]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Catharsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borneensis">
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE565476565D089F965FED0F92A" box="[136,352,1714,1735]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">Catharsius borneensis</emphasis>
@ -253,8 +275,10 @@ I
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE565476565D1F7F965FDF0F92A" box="[502,576,1714,1735]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">Treubia</emphasis>
, 15: 396.
</treatmentCitation>
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<paragraph id="DA2C36F765476565D089F905FA13F905" blockId="5.[136,1452,1231,1800]" box="[136,1443,1746,1768]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="FA8311D965476565D089F905FA13F905" box="[136,1443,1746,1768]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">
<treatmentCitation id="5B3210E665476565D089F905FA13F905" box="[136,1443,1746,1768]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">
<taxonomicName id="1D934D7465476565D089F905FE5BF905" ID-CoL="5DSPT" authority="Paulian, 1936" authorityName="Paulian" authorityYear="1936" box="[136,491,1746,1768]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Catharsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kangeanus">
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE565476565D089F905FEEFF90A" box="[136,351,1746,1767]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">Catharsius kangeanus</emphasis>
@ -268,8 +292,10 @@ I
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE565476565D340F904FAA4F905" box="[833,1300,1746,1768]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">Monogr. Scarab. Aphod. Palaearkt. Orient. Reg.</emphasis>
, 1: 307 (Syn.).
</treatmentCitation>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA2C36F765476565D089F925FC2DF8EA" blockId="5.[136,1452,1231,1800]" box="[136,925,1778,1800]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="FA8311D965476565D089F925FC2DF8EA" box="[136,925,1778,1800]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">
<treatmentCitation id="5B3210E665476565D089F925FC2DF8EA" box="[136,925,1778,1800]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">
<taxonomicName id="1D934D7465476565D089F925FD95F8EA" authority=": Kabakov &amp; Shokhin, 2014" authorityName="Kabakov &amp; Shokhin" authorityYear="2014" box="[136,549,1778,1800]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="davidis">
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE565476565D089F925FEA5F8EA" box="[136,277,1778,1799]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">Copris davidis</emphasis>
@ -281,8 +307,8 @@ I
, 10(1): 48.
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE565476565D340F925FC2DF8EA" bold="true" box="[833,925,1778,1800]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">Syn. nov.</emphasis>
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</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="DA2C36F765476565D0BCF8F0FC27F827" blockId="5.[136,1452,1831,2064]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">
@ -292,9 +318,7 @@ Material examined.
<collectionCode id="BC82AE3265476565D1A7F8F0FE42F8D2" box="[422,498,1831,1855]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">AFCD</collectionCode>
]
<collectingCountry id="A284766765476565D204F8F0FDF7F8D2" box="[517,583,1831,1855]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">China</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="A284766765476565D259F8FFFD6EF8AD" box="[600,734,1832,1856]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
,
, Hong Kong,
<collectingMunicipality id="3A48AC8D65476565D2EEF8F0FCDFF8D2" box="[751,879,1831,1855]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">Shing Mun</collectingMunicipality>
,
<specimenCount id="CC95FD7E65476565D381F8F0FC11F8D2" box="[896,929,1831,1855]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
@ -467,9 +491,7 @@ Material examined.
<specimenCount id="CC95FD7E65446566D2B3FF3AFD63FEE9" box="[690,723,237,261]" pageId="6" pageNumber="239" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, coll.
<collectorName id="7766532165446566D312FF3BFC39FEE9" box="[787,905,236,260]" pageId="6" pageNumber="239">Shibo Tian</collectorName>
;
<collectingRegion id="1857F81565446566D392FF3AFC6CFEE9" box="[915,988,237,260]" country="China" name="Henan" pageId="6" pageNumber="239">Henan</collectingRegion>
,
; Henan,
<location id="DF4C602C65446566D3E2FF3AFB8AFEE8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:523A87E165476566D089FB18FB74FCC2:DF4C602C65446566D3E2FF3AFB8AFEE8" box="[995,1082,237,261]" country="China" name="Anyang" pageId="6" pageNumber="239" stateProvince="Henan">Anyang</location>
,
<date id="AE2D103765446566D445FF3BFB79FEE9" box="[1092,1225,236,260]" pageId="6" pageNumber="239" value="1957-07-29">
@ -479,9 +501,7 @@ Material examined.
<specimenCount id="CC95FD7E65446566D4D3FF3AFB44FEE9" box="[1234,1268,237,261]" pageId="6" pageNumber="239" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, coll.
<collectorName id="7766532165446566D532FF3BFA17FEE9" box="[1331,1447,236,260]" pageId="6" pageNumber="239">Yunfa Han</collectorName>
;
<collectingRegion id="1857F81565446566D089FED8FF60FECB" box="[136,208,271,294]" country="China" name="Henan" pageId="6" pageNumber="239">Henan</collectingRegion>
,
; Henan,
<collectingCounty id="334D4E7B65446566D0DAFED8FEE7FECA" box="[219,343,271,295]" pageId="6" pageNumber="239">Lin County</collectingCounty>
,
<date id="AE2D103765446566D160FED8FE11FECA" box="[353,417,271,295]" pageId="6" pageNumber="239" value="1983-06-01">1983.</date>
@ -583,9 +603,7 @@ of
;
<materialsCitation id="6AFB3CAA65446566D2F5FE4DFB5DFE5C" box="[756,1261,409,434]" country="China" location="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="239" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="2">
<collectingCountry id="A284766765446566D2F5FE4DFC87FE5F" box="[756,823,410,434]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="239">China</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="A284766765446566D341FE4DFC0FFE5F" box="[832,959,410,434]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="6" pageNumber="239">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
,
, Hong Kong,
<specimenCount id="CC95FD7E65446566D3C8FE4DFC5AFE5C" box="[969,1002,410,434]" pageId="6" pageNumber="239" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="CC95FD7E65446566D3EBFE4DFBBCFE5C" box="[1002,1036,410,434]" pageId="6" pageNumber="239" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
, Walker Coll., 93-58
@ -602,9 +620,7 @@ of
<collectionCode id="BC82AE3265446566D127FE6BFE8BFE39" box="[294,315,444,468]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="6" pageNumber="239">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="7766532165446566D144FE6BFE2EFE39" box="[325,414,444,468]" pageId="6" pageNumber="239">Kellogg</collectorName>
;
<collectingCountry id="A284766765446566D1A8FE6BFE5BFE39" box="[425,491,444,468]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="239">China</collectingCountry>
, Formosa,
; China, Formosa,
<specimenCount id="CC95FD7E65446566D260FE6BFD32FE39" box="[609,642,444,468]" pageId="6" pageNumber="239" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
, 84-10.
</materialsCitation>

297
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<mods:identifier id="177723A2E6E13D254DEF2139DB9E15AF" type="ISSN">2095-6827</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="523A87E1654C656FD089FA7AFA1AFD4C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13772671" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13772671" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:523A87E1654C656FD089FA7AFA1AFD4C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/523A87E1654C656FD089FA7AFA1AFD4C" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="248" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">
<subSubSection id="9289657C654C656ED089FA7AFDA7FA28" box="[136,535,1453,1477]" pageId="14" pageNumber="247" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="DA2C36F7654C656ED089FA7AFDA7FA28" blockId="14.[136,1294,1453,1702]" box="[136,535,1453,1477]" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">
<heading id="8164819B654C656ED089FA7AFDA7FA28" box="[136,535,1453,1477]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="247" reason="2">
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE5654C656ED089FA7AFDA7FA28" bold="true" box="[136,535,1453,1477]" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="1D934D74654C656ED0D6FA7AFDA7FA28" ID-CoL="68DQ" authority="Latreille, 1802" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[215,535,1453,1477]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE5654C656ED0D6FA7AFEDDFA28" bold="true" box="[215,365,1453,1477]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">Onthophagus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BE024B06654C656ED175FA7AFDA7FA28" author="Latreille" box="[372,535,1453,1477]" pageId="14" pageNumber="247" refId="ref30999" refString="Latreille, P. A. 1802. Histoire Naturelle, Generale et Particuliere, des Crustaces et des Insectes, Volume 3. F. Dufart, Paris, France. 467 pp." type="book" year="1802">Latreille, 1802</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9289657C654C656ED089FA07FCF4F94B" pageId="14" pageNumber="247" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="DA2C36F7654C656ED089FA07FB17FA0B" blockId="14.[136,1294,1453,1702]" box="[136,1191,1488,1510]" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">
<taxonomicName id="1D934D74654C656ED089FA07FE2FFA08" ID-CoL="68DQ" authority="Latreille, 1802" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[136,415,1488,1510]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE5654C656ED089FA07FEB9FA08" box="[136,265,1488,1509]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">Onthophagus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BE024B06654C656ED111FA07FE2FFA08" author="Latreille" box="[272,415,1488,1510]" pageId="14" pageNumber="247" refId="ref30999" refString="Latreille, P. A. 1802. Histoire Naturelle, Generale et Particuliere, des Crustaces et des Insectes, Volume 3. F. Dufart, Paris, France. 467 pp." type="book" year="1802">Latreille, 1802</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE5654C656ED1A8FA07FDC1FA08" box="[425,625,1488,1509]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">Hist. Nat. Crust. Ins.</emphasis>
, 3: 141 (
<typeStatus id="05288855654C656ED2C4FA07FD46FA08" box="[709,758,1488,1509]" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="1D934D74654C656ED34EFA07FB2CFA0B" ID-CoL="7YY9F" authority="Schreber, 1759" authorityName="Schreber" authorityYear="1759" box="[847,1180,1488,1510]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scarabaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taurus">
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE5654C656ED34EFA07FBB1FA08" box="[847,1025,1488,1509]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">Scarabaeus taurus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BE024B06654C656ED409FA07FB2CFA0B" author="Schreber" box="[1032,1180,1488,1510]" pageId="14" pageNumber="247" refId="ref32338" refString="Schreber, J. C. D. v. 1759. Novae species insectorum cum figuris aeneis coloribus pictus. Schneideriana, Hala Magdeburgaicae. 16 pp." type="book" year="1759">Schreber, 1759</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA2C36F7654C656ED089FA27FABEF9EB" blockId="14.[136,1294,1453,1702]" box="[136,1294,1520,1542]" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">
<taxonomicName id="1D934D74654C656ED089FA27FECBF9E8" authority="Erichson, 1847" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1847" box="[136,379,1520,1542]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Monapus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE5654C656ED089FA27FF51F9E8" box="[136,225,1520,1541]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">Monapus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BE024B06654C656ED0E9FA27FECBF9E8" author="Erichson" box="[232,379,1520,1542]" pageId="14" pageNumber="247" pagination="67 - 185" refId="ref28446" refString="Erichson, W. F. 1847. Conspectus Insectorum Coleopterum, quae in Republica Peruana observata sunt. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 13: 67 - 185." type="journal article" year="1847">Erichson, 1847</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE5654C656ED184FA27FD38F9E8" box="[389,648,1520,1541]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">Naturg. Ins. Deutschl. Col.</emphasis>
, 3: 763 nota (
<typeStatus id="05288855654C656ED30DFA27FC8DF9E8" box="[780,829,1520,1541]" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="1D934D74654C656ED394FA27FAB3F9EB" ID-CoL="7XNKM" authority="Harold, 1869" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1869" box="[917,1283,1520,1542]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mniszechi">
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE5654C656ED394FA27FBCBF9E8" box="[917,1147,1520,1541]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">Onthophagus mniszechi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BE024B06654C656ED480FA27FAB3F9EB" author="Harold" box="[1153,1283,1520,1542]" pageId="14" pageNumber="247" pagination="122 - 125" refId="ref29628" refString="Harold, E. v. 1869. Abanderungen vergebener Namen. Coleopterologische Hefte, 5: 122 - 125." type="journal article" year="1869">Harold, 1869</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA2C36F7654C656ED089F9C7FB57F9CB" blockId="14.[136,1294,1453,1702]" box="[136,1255,1552,1574]" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">
<taxonomicName id="1D934D74654C656ED089F9C7FEEEF9C8" authority="Erichson, 1847" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1847" box="[136,350,1552,1574]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Psilax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE5654C656ED089F9C7FF74F9C8" box="[136,196,1552,1573]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">Psilax</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BE024B06654C656ED0CBF9C7FEEEF9C8" author="Erichson" box="[202,350,1552,1574]" pageId="14" pageNumber="247" pagination="67 - 185" refId="ref28446" refString="Erichson, W. F. 1847. Conspectus Insectorum Coleopterum, quae in Republica Peruana observata sunt. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 13: 67 - 185." type="journal article" year="1847">Erichson, 1847</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE5654C656ED169F9C7FDDBF9C8" box="[360,619,1552,1573]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">Naturg. Ins. Deutschl. Col.</emphasis>
, 3: 763 nota (
<typeStatus id="05288855654C656ED2EFF9C7FCAFF9C8" box="[750,799,1552,1573]" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="1D934D74654C656ED379F9C7FB6CF9CB" ID-CoL="7XNXZ" authority="Erichson, 1842" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1842" box="[888,1244,1552,1574]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pronus">
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE5654C656ED379F9C7FBF1F9C8" box="[888,1089,1552,1573]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">Onthophagus pronus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BE024B06654C656ED446F9C7FB6CF9CB" author="Erichson" box="[1095,1244,1552,1574]" pageId="14" pageNumber="247" pagination="83 - 287" refId="ref28413" refString="Erichson, W. F. 1842. Beitrag zur Insecten-Fauna von Vandiemensland, mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der geographischen Verbreitung der Insecten. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 8: 83 - 287." type="journal article" year="1842">Erichson, 1842</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA2C36F7654C656ED089F9E7FD49F9A8" blockId="14.[136,1294,1453,1702]" box="[136,761,1584,1606]" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">
<taxonomicName id="1D934D74654C656ED089F9E7FE2CF9A8" authority="Erichson, 1847" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1847" box="[136,412,1584,1606]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Chalcoderus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE5654C656ED089F9E7FEB3F9A8" box="[136,259,1584,1605]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">Chalcoderus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BE024B06654C656ED108F9E7FE2CF9A8" author="Erichson" box="[265,412,1584,1606]" pageId="14" pageNumber="247" pagination="67 - 185" refId="ref28446" refString="Erichson, W. F. 1847. Conspectus Insectorum Coleopterum, quae in Republica Peruana observata sunt. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 13: 67 - 185." type="journal article" year="1847">Erichson, 1847</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE5654C656ED1A7F9E7FDCBF9A8" box="[422,635,1584,1605]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">Naturg. Ins. Deutschl.</emphasis>
, 3: 763 nota.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA2C36F7654C656ED089F987FD5BF988" blockId="14.[136,1294,1453,1702]" box="[136,747,1616,1638]" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">
<taxonomicName id="1D934D74654C656ED089F987FE18F98B" authority="Lansberge, 1885" authorityName="Lansberge" authorityYear="1885" box="[136,424,1616,1638]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gonocyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE5654C656ED089F987FEB0F988" box="[136,256,1616,1637]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">Gonocyphus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BE024B06654C656ED107F987FE18F98B" author="Lansberge" box="[262,424,1616,1638]" pageId="14" pageNumber="247" pagination="375 - 400" refId="ref30890" refString="Lansberge, J. W. v. 1885. Descriptions d'especes nouvelles de Coleopteres appartenant du Musee civique de Genes. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria, 22: 375 - 400." type="journal article" year="1885">Lansberge, 1885</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE5654C656ED1B3F987FD3FF988" box="[434,655,1616,1637]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova</emphasis>
, 22: 382.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA2C36F7654C656ED089F9A7FDE6F968" blockId="14.[136,1294,1453,1702]" box="[136,598,1648,1670]" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">
<taxonomicName id="1D934D74654C656ED089F9A7FE1CF96B" ID-CoL="7T4M" authority="Shipp, 1895" authorityName="Shipp" authorityYear="1895" box="[136,428,1648,1670]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Tauronthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE5654C656ED089F9A7FE80F968" box="[136,304,1648,1669]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">Tauronthophagus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BE024B06654C656ED137F9A7FE1CF96B" author="Shipp" box="[310,428,1648,1670]" pageId="14" pageNumber="247" pagination="178 - 179" refId="ref32432" refString="Shipp, J. W. 1895. Notes on Onthophagus Latr., with corrections of nomenclature, and a description of a new genus. The Entomologist, 28 (385): 178 - 179." type="journal article" year="1895">Shipp, 1895</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE5654C656ED1B7F9A7FE4CF968" box="[438,508,1648,1669]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">Entom.</emphasis>
, 28: 179.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA2C36F7654C656ED089F947FCF4F94B" blockId="14.[136,1294,1453,1702]" box="[136,836,1680,1702]" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">
<taxonomicName id="1D934D74654C656ED089F947FE3FF94B" authority="Balthasar, 1959" authorityName="Balthasar" authorityYear="1959" box="[136,399,1680,1702]" class="Insecta" genus="Onthoellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE5654C656ED089F947FF42F948" box="[136,242,1680,1701]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">Onthoellus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BE024B06654C656ED0F9F947FE3FF94B" author="Balthasar" box="[248,399,1680,1702]" pageId="14" pageNumber="247" pagination="461 - 471" refId="ref27537" refString="Balthasar, V. 1959. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Gattung Onthophagus Latr. Sbornik Entomologickeho Oddeleni Narodniho Musea v Praze, 33: 461 - 471." type="journal article" year="1959">Balthasar, 1959</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE5654C656ED198F947FD59F948" box="[409,745,1680,1701]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">Sbornik Ent. Odd. Nár. Mus. Praze</emphasis>
, 33: 466.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9289657C654C656FD089F912FA1AFD4C" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="248" pageId="14" pageNumber="247" type="key">
<paragraph id="DA2C36F7654C656ED089F912FD2CF937" blockId="14.[136,1452,1732,2087]" box="[136,668,1732,1754]" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE5654C656ED089F912FD2CF937" bold="true" box="[136,668,1732,1754]" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">
Key to subgenera of
<taxonomicName id="1D934D74654C656ED15AF913FE51F937" ID-CoL="68DQ" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[347,481,1732,1754]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE5654C656ED15AF913FE51F937" bold="true" box="[347,481,1732,1754]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">Onthophagus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="A2847667654C656ED221F912FD28F937" box="[544,664,1733,1754]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA2C36F7654C656ED089F926FA19F8AB" blockId="14.[136,1452,1732,2087]" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">
1 Antennal scape markedly serrated on the outer margin; protibia not stongly extended and curved in male .......................................... .....................................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="1D934D74654C656ED3ECF8C7FEA0F8AA" ID-CoL="649RZ" authority="Balthasar, 1963 Antennal" authorityName="Balthasar" authorityYear="1963" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Serrophorus">
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE5654C656ED3ECF8C7FA19F8CB" bold="true" box="[1005,1449,1808,1831]" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE5654C656ED3ECF8C7FBC4F8CB" bold="true" box="[1005,1140,1808,1830]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">Onthophagus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE5654C656ED480F8C7FB4DF8CB" bold="true" box="[1153,1277,1808,1830]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">Serrophorus</emphasis>
)
<bibRefCitation id="BE024B06654C656ED50AF8C6FA19F8CB" author="Balthasar" box="[1291,1449,1809,1830]" pageId="14" pageNumber="247" refId="ref27597" refString="Balthasar, V. 1963. Monographie der Scarabaeidae und Aphodiidae der palaearktischen und orientalischen region. Coleoptera: Lamellicornia. Band 2. Coprinae (Onitini, Oniticellini, Onthophagini). Verlag der Tschechoslowakischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Prague. 627 pp." type="book" year="1963">Balthasar, 1963</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
Antennal
</taxonomicName>
scape smooth or weakly serrated on the outer margin; if serrated, protibia strongly extended and curved in male..............2
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA2C36F7654C656ED089F886FA19F82B" blockId="14.[136,1452,1732,2087]" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">
2 The base of male pronotum with lobe-like backward projection and convex, the convex with parallel lateral ridges, or with horns at the front, or with triangular or polygonal disc...............................................
<taxonomicName id="1D934D74654C656ED38AF8A7FF6DF84A" ID-CoL="63XS8" authority="Balthasar, 1959 The" authorityName="Balthasar" authorityYear="1959" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Paraphanaeomorphus">
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE5654C656ED38AF8A7FA1AF86B" bold="true" box="[907,1450,1904,1927]" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE5654C656ED38AF8A7FBA2F86B" bold="true" box="[907,1042,1904,1926]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">Onthophagus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE5654C656ED421F8A7FB4DF86B" bold="true" box="[1056,1277,1904,1926]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">Paraphanaeomorphus</emphasis>
)
<bibRefCitation id="BE024B06654C656ED50AF8A6FA1AF86B" author="Balthasar" box="[1291,1450,1905,1926]" pageId="14" pageNumber="247" pagination="461 - 471" refId="ref27537" refString="Balthasar, V. 1959. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Gattung Onthophagus Latr. Sbornik Entomologickeho Oddeleni Narodniho Musea v Praze, 33: 461 - 471." type="journal article" year="1959">Balthasar, 1959</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
The
</taxonomicName>
base of male pronotum without lobe-like backward projection and not convex, without ridge, without horn at the front, without triangular or polygonal disc ................................................................................................................................................................. 3
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA2C36F7654C656FD089F806FA19FEEC" blockId="14.[136,1452,1732,2087]" lastBlockId="15.[136,1452,236,674]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="248" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">
3 Black or dark brown, sometimes metallic; elytra with knobs at the base; pygidium marginated at the base; male pronotum complex with base marginated, front margin of protibia straight, spurs of protibia strongly broaden and oblique; female head with two ridges, front ridge fine and long; body length of
<quantity id="1D6B9B12654C656ED243F7C6FD2EF7CB" box="[578,670,2065,2086]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="14" pageNumber="247" unit="mm" value="10.5" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="7.0">7–14 mm</quantity>
............................................
<taxonomicName id="1D934D74654C656FD3ACF7C7FF6DFEEF" ID-CoL="63Y4W" authority="Balthasar, 1963 The" authorityName="Balthasar" authorityYear="1963" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="248" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Colobonthophagus">
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE5654C656ED3ACF7C7FA19F7CB" bold="true" box="[941,1449,2064,2086]" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE5654C656ED3ACF7C7FB84F7CB" bold="true" box="[941,1076,2064,2086]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">Onthophagus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE5654C656ED443F7C7FB4EF7CB" bold="true" box="[1090,1278,2064,2086]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="247">Colobonthophagus</emphasis>
)
<bibRefCitation id="BE024B06654C656ED50DF7C6FA19F7CB" author="Balthasar" box="[1292,1449,2065,2086]" pageId="14" pageNumber="247" refId="ref27597" refString="Balthasar, V. 1963. Monographie der Scarabaeidae und Aphodiidae der palaearktischen und orientalischen region. Coleoptera: Lamellicornia. Band 2. Coprinae (Onitini, Oniticellini, Onthophagini). Verlag der Tschechoslowakischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Prague. 627 pp." type="book" year="1963">Balthasar, 1963</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
The
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above characteristics not present or not present at the same time ................................................................................................. 4
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pronotum with two or more knobs in the central disc, with one longitudinal groove between the knobs; female pronotum simple; dark brown from dorsal view, or elytra in yellow sometimes with black spots; body length of
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............................................. ............................................................................................................................
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<emphasis id="E8E7EAE5654D656FD3B9FE9BFB8FFE8F" bold="true" box="[952,1087,332,354]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">Onthophagus</emphasis>
(
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Male pronotum without two or more knobs in the central disc; female pronotum not simple, usually with horn(s) near the front ..... 5
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5 The first segment of antennal club greatly developed and cup-like; male clypeus with tooth or T-shape projection on the front margin; head without horn; pygidial base marginated; black from dorsal view, or just head and pronotum with metallic sheen ....................... .................................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="1D934D74654D656FD3D6FE1BFF6DFDEF" authority="Paulian, 1932 The" authorityName="Paulian" authorityYear="1932" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Parascatonomus">
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<emphasis id="E8E7EAE5654D656FD3D6FE1BFBEEFE0F" bold="true" box="[983,1118,460,482]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">Onthophagus</emphasis>
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) Paulian, 1932
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The
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first segment of antennal club not greatly developed and not cup-like; the rest of the above characteristics not present or not present at the same time .......................................................................................................................................................................6
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6 Pronotum with projection near the front disc ...........................................................
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<emphasis id="E8E7EAE5654D656FD3CCFDFBFBE4FDAF" bold="true" box="[973,1108,556,578]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">Onthophagus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE5654D656FD463FDFBFAA5FDAF" bold="true" box="[1122,1301,556,578]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">Furconthophagus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="BE024B06654D656FD522FDFBFA19FDAC" author="Zunino" box="[1315,1449,556,578]" pageId="15" pageNumber="248" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref33007" refString="Zunino, M. 1979. Gruppi artificiali e gruppi naturali negli Onthophagus (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae). Bollettino del Museo di Zoologia dell'Universita di Torino, 1: 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="1979">Zunino, 1979</bibRefCitation>
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Pronotum
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without projection or with more than one projection near the front disc .............................................................................7
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7 Prontum with one concave near front disc .................................................................................
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<taxonomicName id="1D934D74654D656FD441FDBBFB77FD6F" ID-CoL="68DQ" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1088,1223,620,642]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE5654D656FD441FDBBFB77FD6F" bold="true" box="[1088,1223,620,642]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">Onthophagus</emphasis>
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(
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE5654D656FD4D5FDBBFAB8FD6C" bold="true" box="[1236,1288,620,641]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">s. str.</emphasis>
)
<bibRefCitation id="BE024B06654D656FD517FDBBFA19FD6C" author="Latreille" box="[1302,1449,620,642]" pageId="15" pageNumber="248" refId="ref30999" refString="Latreille, P. A. 1802. Histoire Naturelle, Generale et Particuliere, des Crustaces et des Insectes, Volume 3. F. Dufart, Paris, France. 467 pp." type="book" year="1802">Latreille, 1802</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
Prontum without concave near front disc.......................................................................
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<emphasis id="E8E7EAE5654D656FD3F5FD5BFA1AFD4C" bold="true" box="[1012,1450,652,674]" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE5654D656FD3F5FD5BFBCBFD4F" bold="true" box="[1012,1147,652,674]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">Onthophagus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE5654D656FD488FD5BFB56FD4F" bold="true" box="[1161,1254,652,674]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="248">Matashia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="BE024B06654D656FD4F5FD5BFA1AFD4C" author="Matsumura" box="[1268,1450,652,673]" pageId="15" pageNumber="248" pagination="53 - 63" refId="ref31536" refString="Matsumura, S. 1938. Onthophagid-insects from Formosa. Insecta Matsumurana, 12: 53 - 63." type="journal article" year="1938">Matsumura, 1938</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

106
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@ -1,73 +1,75 @@
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<paragraph id="DA2C36F765516573D089F924FD65F8E1" blockId="19.[136,1451,1779,1932]" box="[136,725,1779,1804]" pageId="19" pageNumber="252">
<heading id="8164819B65516573D089F924FD65F8E1" box="[136,725,1779,1804]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="252" reason="2">
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Subg.
<taxonomicName id="1D934D7465516573D0CEF924FD65F8E1" authority="Paulian, 1932" authorityName="Paulian" authorityYear="1932" box="[207,725,1779,1804]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Parascatonomus">
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE565516573D0CEF924FD85F8E1" bold="true" box="[207,565,1779,1804]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="252">Onthophagus (Parascatonomus)</emphasis>
Paulian, 1932
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<taxonomicName id="1D934D7465516573D089F8C1FDD9F8C1" authority="Paulian, 1932 a" authorityName="Paulian" authorityYear="1932" box="[136,617,1814,1836]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Parascatonomus">
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE565516573D089F8C1FEB9F8C6" box="[136,265,1814,1835]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="252">Onthophagus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE565516573D11CF8C0FE0EF8C1" box="[285,446,1815,1836]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="252">Parascatonomus</emphasis>
)
<bibRefCitation id="BE024B0665516573D1D3F8C1FDD9F8C1" author="Paulian" box="[466,617,1814,1836]" pageId="19" pageNumber="252" pagination="212" refId="ref32083" refString="Paulian, R. 1932 a. Note rectificative. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 37: 212." type="journal article" year="1932">Paulian, 1932a</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE565516573D279F8C1FC85F8C1" box="[632,821,1814,1836]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="252">Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr.</emphasis>
, 37: 212 (
<typeStatus id="0528885565516573D3A7F8C0FC67F8C1" box="[934,983,1815,1836]" pageId="19" pageNumber="252">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="1D934D7465516573D43AF8C0FA3AF8C1" ID-CoL="7VD9F" authority="Paulian, 1932" authorityName="Paulian" authorityYear="1932" box="[1083,1418,1814,1836]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coomanius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="politus">
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE565516573D43AF8C0FB45F8C6" box="[1083,1269,1814,1836]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="252">Coomanius politus</emphasis>
Paulian, 1932
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="1D934D7465516573D0B9F8E1FD2FF8A1" ID-CoL="7XMGF" authority="Ochi &amp; Araya, 1996" authorityName="Ochi &amp; Araya" authorityYear="1996" box="[184,671,1846,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="renaudpauliani">
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE565516573D0B9F8E1FE63F8A6" box="[184,467,1846,1867]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="252">Onthophagus renaudpauliani</emphasis>
Ochi &amp; Araya, 1996
</taxonomicName>
)).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA2C36F765516573D089F880FD67F881" blockId="19.[136,1451,1779,1932]" box="[136,727,1878,1900]" pageId="19" pageNumber="252">
<taxonomicName id="1D934D7465516573D089F880FE3EF881" ID-CoL="7P4NF" authority="Paulian, 1932 b" authorityName="Paulian" authorityYear="1932" box="[136,398,1878,1900]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coomanius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE565516573D089F880FF45F881" box="[136,245,1879,1900]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="252">Coomanius</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BE024B0665516573D0FDF881FE3EF881" author="Paulian" box="[252,398,1878,1900]" pageId="19" pageNumber="252" pagination="205 - 206" refId="ref32105" refString="Paulian, R. 1932 b. Description d'un nouveau genre et d'une nouvelle espece de Coprophages (Col. Du Tonkin). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 37: 205 - 206." type="journal article" year="1932">Paulian, 1932b</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE565516573D199F881FDF4F881" box="[408,580,1878,1900]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="252">Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr.</emphasis>
, 37: 205 [HN].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA2C36F765516573D089F8A1FA1BF861" blockId="19.[136,1451,1779,1932]" box="[136,1451,1910,1932]" pageId="19" pageNumber="252">
<taxonomicName id="1D934D7465516573D089F8A1FE6DF861" authority="Balthasar, 1959" authorityName="Balthasar" authorityYear="1959" box="[136,477,1910,1932]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Pseudonthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE565516573D089F8A1FE8FF866" box="[136,319,1910,1931]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="252">Pseudonthophagus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BE024B0665516573D144F8A1FE6DF861" author="Balthasar" box="[325,477,1910,1932]" pageId="19" pageNumber="252" pagination="461 - 471" refId="ref27537" refString="Balthasar, V. 1959. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Gattung Onthophagus Latr. Sbornik Entomologickeho Oddeleni Narodniho Musea v Praze, 33: 461 - 471." type="journal article" year="1959">Balthasar, 1959</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE565516573D1E6F8A1FC86F861" box="[487,822,1910,1932]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="252">Sbornik Ent. Odd. Nár. Mus. Praze</emphasis>
, 33: 466 (
<typeStatus id="0528885565516573D396F8A1FC78F866" box="[919,968,1910,1931]" pageId="19" pageNumber="252">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="1D934D7465516573D421F8A1FA10F861" ID-CoL="49PL8" authority="Harold, 1879" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1879" box="[1056,1440,1910,1932]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="penicillatus">
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE565516573D421F8A1FAA7F866" box="[1056,1303,1910,1931]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="252">Onthophagus penicillatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BE024B0665516573D51CF8A1FA10F861" author="Harold &amp; In &amp; Kraatz G. &amp; Ueber die Scarabaeiden des &amp; Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift" box="[1309,1440,1910,1932]" pageId="19" pageNumber="252" pagination="229 - 240" refId="ref29763" refString="Harold, E. v. 1879. [new taxa]. In: Kraatz G. (ed.), Ueber die Scarabaeiden des Amur-Gebietes, Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift. pp. 229 - 240." type="book chapter" year="1879">Harold, 1879</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DA2C36F765516573D089F86BFC84F83C" blockId="19.[136,1449,1979,2078]" box="[136,820,1979,2001]" pageId="19" pageNumber="252">
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE565516573D089F86BFC84F83C" bold="true" box="[136,820,1979,2001]" pageId="19" pageNumber="252">
Key to species of
<taxonomicName id="1D934D7465516573D139F86CFDCAF83C" authority="" authorityName="Paulian" authorityYear="1932" box="[312,634,1979,2001]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Parascatonomus">
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE565516573D139F86CFE0EF83C" bold="true" box="[312,446,1979,2001]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="252">Onthophagus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE565516573D1CCF86BFDC2F83C" bold="true" box="[461,626,1980,2001]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="252">Parascatonomus</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="A284766765516573D2B9F86BFC80F83C" box="[696,816,1980,2001]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="19" pageNumber="252">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA2C36F765516573D089F83FFA19F810" blockId="19.[136,1449,1979,2078]" box="[136,1449,2024,2046]" pageId="19" pageNumber="252">1 Pronotum with dense and large granulated punctures, front side smooth without or with few punctures ............................................2</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA2C36F765516573D0B9F7DEFA19F7F0" blockId="19.[136,1449,1979,2078]" box="[184,1449,2056,2078]" pageId="19" pageNumber="252">Pronotum with small and finely granulated punctures, front side not smooth......................................................................................3</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA2C36F765566574D089FF3BFA1AFECC" blockId="20.[136,1450,236,482]" pageId="20" pageNumber="253">
2 Body black ........................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="1D934D7465566574D342FF3BFF5CFECF" ID-CoL="9WS6W" authority="Ochi et Araya, 1992 Body" authorityName="Ochi et Araya" authorityYear="1992" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miyakei" subGenus="Parascatonomus">
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE565566574D342FF3BFA1AFEEC" bold="true" box="[835,1450,236,258]" pageId="20" pageNumber="253">
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE565566574D342FF3BFC7AFEEF" bold="true" box="[835,970,236,258]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="253">Onthophagus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE565566574D3D9FF3BFBCDFEEC" bold="true" box="[984,1149,236,257]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="253">Parascatonomus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="E8E7EAE565566574D48AFF3BFB68FEEF" bold="true" box="[1163,1240,236,258]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="253">miyakei</emphasis>
Ochi et Araya, 1992
</emphasis>
Body
</taxonomicName>
with more than one colours...................................................
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3 Head with two horns ........................................................................
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<bibRefCitation id="BE024B0665566574D4E9FEFBFA13FEAF" author="Wiedemann" box="[1256,1443,300,322]" pageId="20" pageNumber="253" pagination="1 - 133" refId="ref32848" refString="Wiedemann, C. R. W. 1823. Zweihundert neue Kafer von Java. Bengalen und den Vorgebirgen der Gutten Hoffnung. Zoologisches Magazin, 2: 1 - 133." type="journal article" year="1823">Wiedemann, 1823</bibRefCitation>
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Head without horn................................................................................................................................................................................4
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4 Head and pronotum in dark metallic purple, shiny and with fine punctures; the two front teeth of protibia are united......................... ....................................................................................................................
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Head and pronotum not in dark metallic purple, not shiny and with big punctures; the two front teeth of protibia are not united........ ..............................................................................................................
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<emphasis id="E8E7EAE565566574D360FE1BFC58FE0F" bold="true" box="[865,1000,460,482]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="253">Onthophagus</emphasis>
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106
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Subg.
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Genus
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B.
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8B867BFB4C4CF5FAC2B2B2" author="Dybowski B" box="[1175,1344,452,476]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="165 - 218" refId="ref18162" refString="Dybowski B. Bemerkungen und Zusatze zu der Arbeit von Dr. W. Dybowski ' Mollusken der Uferregion des Baikalsees'. Annuaire du Musee Zoologique de l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de Saint- Petersbourg 1912; 17: 165 - 218." type="journal article" year="1912">Dybowski, 1912</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
=
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<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8B867BFA854CF4FCFFB295" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Limnaea palustris</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8B867BFC164CD2FB92B295" box="[973,1040,483,507]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">terebra</emphasis>
Westerlund, 1885
</taxonomicName>
(by subsequent designation).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6AEF652DFF8B867BFCF14F0CFC25B088" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="224A36A6FF8B867BFCF14F0CFA03B041" blockId="11.[809,1459,572,815]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8B867BFCF14F0CFC0DB13A" box="[810,911,573,596]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Shell of typical ‘stagnicoline’ shape, tall and slender, with high spire and weakly inflated body whorl. Its size is typically not larger than
<quantity id="E50D9B43FF8B867BFC1B4F4AFB89B1FC" box="[960,1035,635,659]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="22.0">22 mm</quantity>
. Shell shape varies from high-turriculate to high-conical. Prostate with a single fold inside. The penial knot is absent. Praeputium is dark-pigmented, slender and relatively narrow; its width slightly exceeds the width of the penis sheath (
<figureCitation id="BACE2A23FF8B867BFCEE4FC9FCFDB07E" box="[821,895,760,784]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="10.[130,195,1678,1702]" captionTargetBox="[134,1471,149,1640]" captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[129,1476,145,1650]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 4. The copulatory apparatuses of the pond snails discussed in the taxonomic account. A, Dallirhytis atkaensis (Russia, the Chukchi Peninsula, Lake Vaaliuchio). B, Galba sibirica (Mongolia, the Teellin-gol River; after Vinarski et al. 2017b). C, Galba truncatula (Abkhazia, Gagra District, wet shore of Inkit Lake; after Vinarski et al.2017b). D, Ladislavella liogyra (Russia, Primorye, a pool near Lake Lebedinoye).E, Walhiana catascopium (Russia, Kamchatka, Azabachye Lake; RMBH). F, Lymnaea sorensis (Russia, Kamchatka, Kamchatka River; RMBH). G, Kamtschaticana kamtschatica (Russia, Magadan Region, a water reservoir; after Vinarski et al. 2021). H, Orientogalba ollula (Russia, Primorye Territory, near Possiet Settlement; after Kruglov 2005). I, Radix auricularia (Russia, Tyumen’ Region, Vylposl channel near Labytnangi Town). J, Radix plicatula (China, Bejing, an artificial pond in the former Emperor’s summer palace; after Vinarski et al. 2020). K, Radix cf.hamadai (Japan, Matsumae; after Vinarski et al. 2020). Scale bars: 1 mm.Photographs: Maxim V. Vinarski (A–D, G, I–K) and Olga V. Aksenova (E, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13772611" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13772611/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
). The lengths of the praeputium and penis sheath are almost equal; the distal part of the latter is somewhat swollen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="224A36A6FF8B867BFCF14E60FC25B088" blockId="11.[809,1460,849,998]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8B867BFCF14E60FC48B007" box="[810,970,849,873]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Species richness:</emphasis>
Four or five species, one of them,
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8B867BFAE54E60FBC2B0E6" authority="(Westerlund, 1897)" baseAuthorityName="Westerlund" baseAuthorityYear="1897" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Ladislavella" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="liogyra">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8B867BFAE54E60FCEFB0E6" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ladislavella liogyra</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8B867BFCA04E41FBBBB0E6" author="Westerlund CA" box="[891,1081,880,904]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="117 - 43" refId="ref21352" refString="Westerlund CA. Beitrage zur Molluskenfauna Russlands. Ezhegodnik Zoologicheskogo Muzeya Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk 1897; 2: 117 - 43." type="journal article" year="1897">Westerlund, 1897</bibRefCitation>
)
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, occurs within the studied region. It is characterized by a very slender turriculate shell (
<figureCitation id="BACE2A23FF8B867BFAE94EBEFAFBB0C9" box="[1330,1401,911,935]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="9.[113,178,1839,1863]" captionTargetBox="[181,1406,146,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-7@9.[160,1412,144,1811]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 3. Shells of the Lymnaeinae species. A, Dallirhytis atkaensis (USA, Alaska, Birch Lake; RMBH). B, Dallirhytis atkaensis (Russia, the Chukchi Peninsula, an unnamed lake; ZIN). C, Galba sibirica (Mongolia, the Teellin-gol River; after Vinarski et al. 2017b). D, Galba truncatula (Russia, Irkutsk Region, vicinities of Kirensk Town; LMBI). E, Ladislavella liogyra (Russia, Amur basin, vicinities of Nikol’sk-Ussuriysky Town; ZIN). F, Walhiana arctica (Canada, Ontario, Hudson’s Bay; NHMUK). G, Walhiana catascopium (Canada, British Columbia, Aintworth hot springs; RMBH). H, Walhiana catascopium (Russia, Kamchatka, Azabachye Lake; RMBH). I, Lymnaea jugularis (USA, Michigan, the Rouge River; NHMUK). J, Lymnaea sorensis (Russia, Lake Baikal, a syntype; ZIN). K, Lymnaea jugularis (USA, Minnesota, a neotype with label; ZIN). Scale bars: 2 mm in C, D, F–H; 5 mm in A, B, E, I–K.Photographs: Maxim V.Vinarski (A–F, I–K) and Olga V.Aksenova (G, H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13772609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13772609/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
); the number of whorls can reach 7.5–8.0. There are no similar species in
<collectingCountry id="5AE27636FF8B867BFC984EFFFC21B088" box="[835,931,974,998]" name="China" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">East Asia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6AEF652DFF8B867BFCF14936FC57B713" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="224A36A6FF8B867BFCF14936FC57B713" blockId="11.[810,1459,1031,1149]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8B867BFCF14936FC2AB771" box="[810,936,1031,1055]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Distribution:</emphasis>
The genus is distributed from Central and East Europe eastwards to the southern part of the Russian Far East (the middle and lower courses of the
<collectingRegion id="E031F844FF8B867BFB7A4977FB5FB730" box="[1185,1245,1094,1118]" country="Russia" name="Amur" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Amur</collectingRegion>
River, Primorye, and
<collectingRegion id="E031F844FF8B867BFCF14954FC03B713" box="[810,897,1125,1149]" country="Russia" name="Sakhalin" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Sakhalin</collectingRegion>
Island).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<treatment id="AA5C87B0FF8B867BFEF94C8CFDD1B520" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13772607" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13772607" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AA5C87B0FF8B867BFEF94C8CFDD1B520" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AA5C87B0FF8B867BFEF94C8CFDD1B520" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<subSubSection id="6AEF652DFF8B867BFEF94C8CFDCBB2B9" box="[290,585,444,471]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="224A36A6FF8B867BFEF94C8CFDCBB2B9" blockId="11.[113,585,444,507]" box="[290,585,444,471]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8B867BFEF94C8CFDCBB2B9" bold="true" box="[290,585,444,471]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8B867BFEB74C8DFDCBB2B9" ID-CoL="7P2ZS" authority="Schrank, 1803" authorityName="Schrank" authorityYear="1803" box="[364,585,444,471]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Galba" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8B867BFEB74C8DFE29B2B9" bold="true" box="[364,427,444,471]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Galba</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8B867BFE6B4C8CFDCBB2B9" author="Schrank PF" box="[432,585,445,471]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 372" refId="ref20382" refString="Schrank PF. Fauna Boica. Durchgedachte Geschichte der in Baiern einheimischen und zahmen Thiere 1803; 3: 1 - 372." type="journal article" year="1803">Schrank, 1803</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6AEF652DFF8B867BFFAA4CD2FEBAB295" box="[113,312,483,507]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="224A36A6FF8B867BFFAA4CD2FEBAB295" blockId="11.[113,585,444,507]" box="[113,312,483,507]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8B867BFFAA4CD2FEB1B295" author="Schrank PF" box="[113,307,483,507]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 372" refId="ref20382" refString="Schrank PF. Fauna Boica. Durchgedachte Geschichte der in Baiern einheimischen und zahmen Thiere 1803; 3: 1 - 372." type="journal article" year="1803">Schrank 1803: 262</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6AEF652DFF8B867BFFAA4F2CFEBBB13A" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="224A36A6FF8B867BFFAA4F2CFEBBB13A" blockId="11.[113,763,541,596]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8B867BFFAA4F2CFF6EB15A" box="[113,236,541,564]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<typeStatus id="FD4E8804FF8B867BFFAA4F2CFF23B15A" box="[113,161,541,564]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Type</typeStatus>
species:
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8B867BFF2D4F2CFD09B15B" authority="O. F. Muller, 1774" authorityName="O. F. Muller" authorityYear="1774" box="[246,651,541,565]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Buccinum" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="truncatulum">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8B867BFF2D4F2CFE57B15B" box="[246,469,541,565]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Buccinum truncatulum</emphasis>
O.F. Müller, 1774
</taxonomicName>
(by subsequent designation).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6AEF652DFF8B867BFFAA4F47FDA3B57B" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="224A36A6FF8B867BFFAA4F47FEC8B044" blockId="11.[113,763,629,810]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8B867BFFAA4F47FF55B1E3" box="[113,215,630,653]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Shell small (typically does not exceed
<quantity id="E50D9B43FF8B867BFD4A4F44FD58B1E3" box="[657,730,629,653]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
in length), turriculate or ovate-conical (sometimes almost ovoid), with convex or almost stepped whorls. Prostate with a single fold inside. Penis simple (without a fixing swelling). Penis sheath typically compact and short; in most species it is much shorter than the praeputium.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="224A36A6FF8B867BFFAA4E7DFDA3B57B" blockId="11.[112,765,843,1557]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8B867BFFAA4E7DFE93B00D" box="[113,273,843,867]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Species richness:</emphasis>
The actual number of species in the genus is difficult to define, because many nominal species (especially numerous representatives of
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8B867BFE5F4EBBFE43B0CC" authorityName="Schrank" authorityYear="1803" box="[388,449,906,930]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Galba" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8B867BFE5F4EBBFE43B0CC" box="[388,449,906,930]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Galba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurring in North America) have yet not been studied by an integrative taxonomic approach (see
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8B867BFF7A4EF8FE9BB08F" author="Burch JB" box="[161,281,969,993]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref17812" refString="Burch JB. North American Freshwater Snails. Hamburg, MI: Malacological Publications, 1989." type="book" year="1989">Burch 1989</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8B867BFEFF4EF8FE65B08F" author="Johnson PD &amp; Bogan AE &amp; Brown KM" box="[292,487,969,993]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="247 - 82" refId="ref18664" refString="Johnson PD, Bogan AE, Brown KM et al. Conservation status of freshwater gastropods of Canada and the United States. Fisheries 2013; 38: 247 - 82. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03632415.2013.785396" type="journal article" year="2013">
Johnson
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8B867BFEA44EF8FE2CB08F" box="[383,430,969,993]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8B867BFE294EF8FD0DB08F" author="Alda P &amp; Lounnas M &amp; Vazquez AA" box="[498,655,969,993]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref17517" refString="Alda P, Lounnas M, Vazquez AA et al. Systematics and geographical distribution of Galba species, a group of cryptic and worldwide freshwater snails. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 2021; 157: 107035. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2020.107035" type="journal volume" year="2021">
Alda
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8B867BFDFC4EF8FDD5B08F" box="[551,599,969,993]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8B867BFD7D4EF8FF6CB76E" author="Vazquez AA &amp; Alda P &amp; Lounnas M" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref20576" refString="Vazquez AA, Alda P, Lounnas M et al. Lymnaeid snails hosts of Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica (Trematoda: Digenea): a worldwide review. CABI Reviews 2018; 13: 1 - 15. https: // doi. org / 10.1079 / PAVSNNR 201813062" type="journal article" year="2018">
Vázquez
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8B867BFFAA4ED8FF22B76E" box="[113,160,1000,1024]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
(2018)
</bibRefCitation>
wrote that 21 species in North America correspond to the group of small-shelled
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8B867BFE474936FE5AB771" authorityName="Schrank" authorityYear="1803" box="[412,472,1031,1055]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Galba" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8B867BFE474936FE5AB771" box="[412,472,1031,1055]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Galba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: ‘Here again, these numbers are perhaps overestimated due to possible systematic confusions in the absence of molecular studies’. In the studied region, two native species,
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8B867BFED54954FD0BB713" authority="(O. F. Muller, 1774)" baseAuthorityName="O. F. Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[270,649,1125,1149]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Galba" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="truncatula">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8B867BFED54954FE3AB713" box="[270,440,1125,1149]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Galba truncatula</emphasis>
(O.F. Müller, 1774)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8B867BFD1B4954FE14B7F2" authority="(Westerlund, 1885)" baseAuthorityName="Westerlund" baseAuthorityYear="1885" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Galba" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sibirica">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8B867BFD1B4954FF35B7F3" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Galba sibirica</emphasis>
(Westerlund, 1885)
</taxonomicName>
, have been recorded (
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8B867BFD4949B4FF27B7D2" author="Dybowski B" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="165 - 218" refId="ref18162" refString="Dybowski B. Bemerkungen und Zusatze zu der Arbeit von Dr. W. Dybowski ' Mollusken der Uferregion des Baikalsees'. Annuaire du Musee Zoologique de l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de Saint- Petersbourg 1912; 17: 165 - 218." type="journal article" year="1912">Dybowski 1912</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8B867BFF6C4995FEB9B7D2" author="Itagaki H" box="[183,315,1188,1212]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="25 - 38" refId="ref18473" refString="Itagaki H. Anatomy of Lymnaea (Fossaria) truncatula (Muller) from Japan with the comparison with the European material. Venus 1956; 19: 25 - 38." type="journal article" year="1956">Itagaki 1956</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8B867BFE964995FD02B7D2" author="Bogatov VV &amp; Zatravkin MN" box="[333,640,1188,1212]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref17645" refString="Bogatov VV, Zatravkin MN. Gastropod Molluscs of Fresh and Brackish Waters of the Far East of the USSR. A Guide. Vladivostok: Far Eastern Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1990." type="book" year="1990">Bogatov and Zatravkin 1990</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8B867BFD494995FF27B7B5" author="Prozorova LA" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="12 - 28" refId="ref19788" refString="Prozorova LA. Annotated list of Beringian freshwater mollusks. The Bulletin of the Russian Far Eastern Malacological Society 1998; 2: 12 - 28." type="journal article" year="1998">Prozorova 1998</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8B867BFF6B49F2FE34B7B5" author="Vinarski MV &amp; Kantor YI" box="[176,438,1219,1243]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref21115" refString="Vinarski MV, Kantor YI. Analytical Catalogue of Fresh and Brackish Water Molluscs of Russia and Adjacent Countries. Moscow: A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of RAS, 2016." type="book" year="2016">Vinarski and Kantor 2016</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8B867BFE1749F2FDD1B7B5" baseAuthorityName="Westerlund" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[460,595,1219,1243]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Galba" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sibirica">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8B867BFE1749F2FDD1B7B5" box="[460,595,1219,1243]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Galba sibirica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has not been assessed by an integrative taxonomic approach, and its taxonomic status requires clarification. We did not include this species in our final checklist of the East Asian and Alaskan lymnaeids, but we provide illustrations of its shell and copulatory organ herein (
<figureCitation id="BACE2A23FF8B867BFFA74851FF49B616" box="[124,203,1376,1400]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="9.[113,178,1839,1863]" captionTargetBox="[181,1406,146,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-7@9.[160,1412,144,1811]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 3. Shells of the Lymnaeinae species. A, Dallirhytis atkaensis (USA, Alaska, Birch Lake; RMBH). B, Dallirhytis atkaensis (Russia, the Chukchi Peninsula, an unnamed lake; ZIN). C, Galba sibirica (Mongolia, the Teellin-gol River; after Vinarski et al. 2017b). D, Galba truncatula (Russia, Irkutsk Region, vicinities of Kirensk Town; LMBI). E, Ladislavella liogyra (Russia, Amur basin, vicinities of Nikol’sk-Ussuriysky Town; ZIN). F, Walhiana arctica (Canada, Ontario, Hudson’s Bay; NHMUK). G, Walhiana catascopium (Canada, British Columbia, Aintworth hot springs; RMBH). H, Walhiana catascopium (Russia, Kamchatka, Azabachye Lake; RMBH). I, Lymnaea jugularis (USA, Michigan, the Rouge River; NHMUK). J, Lymnaea sorensis (Russia, Lake Baikal, a syntype; ZIN). K, Lymnaea jugularis (USA, Minnesota, a neotype with label; ZIN). Scale bars: 2 mm in C, D, F–H; 5 mm in A, B, E, I–K.Photographs: Maxim V.Vinarski (A–F, I–K) and Olga V.Aksenova (G, H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13772609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13772609/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 3C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="BACE2A23FF8B867BFF0C4851FF70B616" box="[215,242,1376,1400]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="10.[130,195,1678,1702]" captionTargetBox="[134,1471,149,1640]" captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[129,1476,145,1650]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 4. The copulatory apparatuses of the pond snails discussed in the taxonomic account. A, Dallirhytis atkaensis (Russia, the Chukchi Peninsula, Lake Vaaliuchio). B, Galba sibirica (Mongolia, the Teellin-gol River; after Vinarski et al. 2017b). C, Galba truncatula (Abkhazia, Gagra District, wet shore of Inkit Lake; after Vinarski et al.2017b). D, Ladislavella liogyra (Russia, Primorye, a pool near Lake Lebedinoye).E, Walhiana catascopium (Russia, Kamchatka, Azabachye Lake; RMBH). F, Lymnaea sorensis (Russia, Kamchatka, Kamchatka River; RMBH). G, Kamtschaticana kamtschatica (Russia, Magadan Region, a water reservoir; after Vinarski et al. 2021). H, Orientogalba ollula (Russia, Primorye Territory, near Possiet Settlement; after Kruglov 2005). I, Radix auricularia (Russia, Tyumen’ Region, Vylposl channel near Labytnangi Town). J, Radix plicatula (China, Bejing, an artificial pond in the former Emperor’s summer palace; after Vinarski et al. 2020). K, Radix cf.hamadai (Japan, Matsumae; after Vinarski et al. 2020). Scale bars: 1 mm.Photographs: Maxim V. Vinarski (A–D, G, I–K) and Olga V. Aksenova (E, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13772611" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13772611/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">4B</figureCitation>
). In contrast,
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8B867BFE5F4851FD85B616" baseAuthorityName="O. F. Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[388,519,1376,1400]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Galba" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="truncatula">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8B867BFE5F4851FD85B616" box="[388,519,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. truncatula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="BACE2A23FF8B867BFDCC4851FDE4B616" box="[535,614,1376,1400]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="9.[113,178,1839,1863]" captionTargetBox="[181,1406,146,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-7@9.[160,1412,144,1811]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 3. Shells of the Lymnaeinae species. A, Dallirhytis atkaensis (USA, Alaska, Birch Lake; RMBH). B, Dallirhytis atkaensis (Russia, the Chukchi Peninsula, an unnamed lake; ZIN). C, Galba sibirica (Mongolia, the Teellin-gol River; after Vinarski et al. 2017b). D, Galba truncatula (Russia, Irkutsk Region, vicinities of Kirensk Town; LMBI). E, Ladislavella liogyra (Russia, Amur basin, vicinities of Nikol’sk-Ussuriysky Town; ZIN). F, Walhiana arctica (Canada, Ontario, Hudson’s Bay; NHMUK). G, Walhiana catascopium (Canada, British Columbia, Aintworth hot springs; RMBH). H, Walhiana catascopium (Russia, Kamchatka, Azabachye Lake; RMBH). I, Lymnaea jugularis (USA, Michigan, the Rouge River; NHMUK). J, Lymnaea sorensis (Russia, Lake Baikal, a syntype; ZIN). K, Lymnaea jugularis (USA, Minnesota, a neotype with label; ZIN). Scale bars: 2 mm in C, D, F–H; 5 mm in A, B, E, I–K.Photographs: Maxim V.Vinarski (A–F, I–K) and Olga V.Aksenova (G, H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13772609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13772609/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 3D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="BACE2A23FF8B867BFDAA4851FD12B616" box="[625,656,1376,1400]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="10.[130,195,1678,1702]" captionTargetBox="[134,1471,149,1640]" captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[129,1476,145,1650]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 4. The copulatory apparatuses of the pond snails discussed in the taxonomic account. A, Dallirhytis atkaensis (Russia, the Chukchi Peninsula, Lake Vaaliuchio). B, Galba sibirica (Mongolia, the Teellin-gol River; after Vinarski et al. 2017b). C, Galba truncatula (Abkhazia, Gagra District, wet shore of Inkit Lake; after Vinarski et al.2017b). D, Ladislavella liogyra (Russia, Primorye, a pool near Lake Lebedinoye).E, Walhiana catascopium (Russia, Kamchatka, Azabachye Lake; RMBH). F, Lymnaea sorensis (Russia, Kamchatka, Kamchatka River; RMBH). G, Kamtschaticana kamtschatica (Russia, Magadan Region, a water reservoir; after Vinarski et al. 2021). H, Orientogalba ollula (Russia, Primorye Territory, near Possiet Settlement; after Kruglov 2005). I, Radix auricularia (Russia, Tyumen’ Region, Vylposl channel near Labytnangi Town). J, Radix plicatula (China, Bejing, an artificial pond in the former Emperor’s summer palace; after Vinarski et al. 2020). K, Radix cf.hamadai (Japan, Matsumae; after Vinarski et al. 2020). Scale bars: 1 mm.Photographs: Maxim V. Vinarski (A–D, G, I–K) and Olga V. Aksenova (E, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13772611" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13772611/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">4C</figureCitation>
) is absent from our regional library of DNA sequences and probably does not occur in the study region. All published records of this species probably represent misidentification of
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8B867BFD95488FFD39B6B8" authorityName="Bolotov, Vinarski, Aksenova, Ohari &amp; Itagaki" authorityYear="2024" box="[590,699,1470,1494]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Galba" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pacifica">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8B867BFD95488FFD39B6B8" box="[590,699,1470,1494]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. pacifica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Two non-indigenous species,
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8B867BFEB248EFFE49B69B" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1822" box="[361,459,1501,1525]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Galba" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="humilis">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8B867BFEB248EFFE49B69B" box="[361,459,1501,1525]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. humilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
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, are known from
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(
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Ohari
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2020
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, Saito 2022).
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<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8B867BFFAA4B07FF6DB520" box="[113,239,1590,1614]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Distribution:</emphasis>
The Americas, Eurasia, and Africa.
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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Genus
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According to
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,
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) and
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8B867BFDFE4BA5FF3EB5A5" author="Vinarski MV &amp; Kantor YI" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref21115" refString="Vinarski MV, Kantor YI. Analytical Catalogue of Fresh and Brackish Water Molluscs of Russia and Adjacent Countries. Moscow: A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of RAS, 2016." type="book" year="2016">Vinarski and Kantor (2016)</bibRefCitation>
, the genus
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consists of two vicariant subgenera:
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(Eastern Europe to Russian Far East) and
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<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8B867BFF454BC3FEB3B464" box="[158,305,1778,1802]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Walterlymnaea</emphasis>
Starobogatov &amp; Budnikova, 1976
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(Beringia, North American mainland,
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). As our multi-locus phylogeny shows, the Hawaiian endemic
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<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8B867BFDCE4A00FDDAB426" box="[533,600,1841,1864]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Erinna</emphasis>
H. Adams &amp; A. Adams, 1855
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clusters with the nominative subgenus. This renders
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paraphyletic (see also
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Aksenova
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8B867BFD594A41FD33B4E9" box="[642,689,1903,1927]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
2023
</bibRefCitation>
). To maintain monophyletic taxa, we elevate both to the rank of full genus. However, the phylogenetic position of
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<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8B867BFAC54DA0FAE3B3C6" box="[1310,1377,145,168]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Erinna</emphasis>
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and the topology of the phylogenetic tree might change in the future, when the two other Hawaiian endemic taxa (i.e.
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8B867BFAE34DFEFC2BB268" ID-CoL="7PDR2" authority="Thiele, 1931" authorityName="Thiele" authorityYear="1931" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Pseudisidora" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8B867BFAE34DFEFA31B389" box="[1336,1459,207,231]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pseudisidora</emphasis>
Thiele, 1931
</taxonomicName>
and
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<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8B867BFC054DDFFBEBB268" box="[990,1129,238,262]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pseudobulinus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8B867BFBB54DDFFA2AB268" author="Kruglov ND &amp; Starobogatov YI" box="[1134,1448,238,262]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="65 - 92" refId="ref18930" refString="Kruglov ND, Starobogatov YI. Annotated and illustrated catalogue of species of the family Lymnaeidae (Gastropoda Pulmonata Lymnaeiformes) of Palaearctic and adjacent river drainage areas. Part I. Ruthinica 1993; 3: 65 - 92." type="journal article" year="1993">Kruglov &amp; Starobogatov, 1993</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
) are included in a molecular analysis. Currently, genetic data on these two taxa are unavailable.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<subSubSection id="6AEF652DFF8B867BFC164994FA8DB7D1" box="[973,1295,1189,1216]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="224A36A6FF8B867BFC164994FA8DB7D1" blockId="11.[810,1443,1189,1284]" box="[973,1295,1189,1216]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8B867BFC164994FA8DB7D1" bold="true" box="[973,1295,1189,1216]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8B867BFBCC4994FA8DB7D1" ID-CoL="BGTQN" authority="Servain, 1882" authorityName="Servain" authorityYear="1882" box="[1047,1295,1189,1216]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Walhiana" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8B867BFBCC4994FBF8B7AE" bold="true" box="[1047,1146,1189,1216]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Walhiana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8B867BFBA54994FA8DB7D1" author="Servain G" box="[1150,1295,1189,1215]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref20405" refString="Servain G. Histoire malacologique du lac Balaton en Hongrie. Poissy: S. Lejay, 1882." type="book" year="1882">Servain, 1882</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6AEF652DFF8B867BFCF149FDFA21B66D" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="224A36A6FF8B867BFCF149FDFA21B66D" blockId="11.[810,1443,1189,1284]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8B867BFCF149FDFC5BB78A" author="Servain G" box="[810,985,1228,1252]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref20405" refString="Servain G. Histoire malacologique du lac Balaton en Hongrie. Poissy: S. Lejay, 1882." type="book" year="1882">Servain 1882: 55</bibRefCitation>
. =
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8B867BFC8149DAFAC7B66D" authority="Starobogatov &amp; Budnikova, 1976" authorityName="Starobogatov &amp; Budnikova" authorityYear="1976" box="[858,1349,1259,1283]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Walterlymnaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus" status="syn. nov.">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8B867BFC8149DAFC6FB66D" box="[858,1005,1259,1283]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Walterlymnaea</emphasis>
Starobogatov &amp; Budnikova, 1976
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0BB257CFFF8B867BFA9149DDFA21B66D" box="[1354,1443,1260,1284]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6AEF652DFF8B867BFCF14814FB4CB632" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="224A36A6FF8B867BFCF14814FB4CB632" blockId="11.[810,1457,1315,1372]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8B867BFCF14814FBBBB653" box="[810,1081,1317,1341]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<typeStatus id="FD4E8804FF8B867BFCF14814FCD8B652" box="[810,858,1317,1340]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8B867BFC7E4814FBBBB653" authorityName="Moller" authorityYear="1842" box="[933,1081,1317,1341]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Lymnaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="vahlii">Lymnaea vahlii</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
MØller, 1842 =
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8B867BFB004814FA33B652" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1817" box="[1243,1457,1317,1340]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Lymnaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="catascopium">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8B867BFB004814FA33B652" box="[1243,1457,1317,1340]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Lymnaea catascopium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(by original designation) (
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8B867BFBE34875FB3CB632" author="Servain G" box="[1080,1214,1348,1372]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref20405" refString="Servain G. Histoire malacologique du lac Balaton en Hongrie. Poissy: S. Lejay, 1882." type="book" year="1882">Servain 1882</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6AEF652DFF8B867CFCF1484FFEC3B2ED" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="224A36A6FF8B867BFCF1484FFC32B51E" blockId="11.[809,1459,1405,1649]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8B867BFCF1484FFC12B6FB" box="[810,912,1406,1429]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Shell medium in size; shape varies from high-turriculate to high-conical (almost ear-shaped forms are known as peculiar ‘ecological races’; see
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8B867BFB55488DFA92B6BA" author="Walter HJ" box="[1166,1296,1468,1492]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 102" refId="ref21257" refString="Walter HJ. Illustrated biomorphology of the ' angulata' lake form of the basommatophoran snail Lymnaea catascopium Say. Malacological Review 1969; 2: 1 - 102." type="journal article" year="1969">Walter 1969</bibRefCitation>
). Most species have a ‘stagnicoline’ appearance, i.e. slender, high-spired shells with a relatively small aperture. The number of whorls can reach six or seven. The structure of the copulatory apparatus is identical to that of
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8B867BFC6C4B08FB9CB53F" authorityName="Kruglov &amp; Starobogatov" authorityYear="1989" box="[951,1054,1593,1617]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Dallirhytis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8B867BFC6C4B08FB9CB53F" box="[951,1054,1593,1617]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Dallirhytis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Prostate with a single fold inside. Penial knot present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="224A36A6FF8B867CFCF14BA3FEC3B2ED" blockId="11.[810,1461,1682,1957]" lastBlockId="12.[127,778,144,387]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8B867BFCF14BA3FC49B5C4" box="[810,971,1682,1706]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Species richness:</emphasis>
Uncertain, owing to a large number of nominal species accepted as valid (see
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8B867BFB424B80FA96B5A7" author="Burch JB" box="[1177,1300,1713,1737]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref17812" refString="Burch JB. North American Freshwater Snails. Hamburg, MI: Malacological Publications, 1989." type="book" year="1989">Burch 1989</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8B867BFAF84B80FCDCB587" author="Johnson PD &amp; Bogan AE &amp; Brown KM" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="247 - 82" refId="ref18664" refString="Johnson PD, Bogan AE, Brown KM et al. Conservation status of freshwater gastropods of Canada and the United States. Fisheries 2013; 38: 247 - 82. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03632415.2013.785396" type="journal article" year="2013">
Johnson
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8B867BFA5A4B83FA36B5A7" box="[1409,1460,1713,1737]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
) but not yet studied genetically. The genus might include ≤10 accepted species. Two species are recognized in the study region:
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8B867BFCA14A3EFB39B449" authority="(I. Lea, 1864)" baseAuthorityName="I. Lea" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[890,1211,1807,1831]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Walhiana" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="arctica">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8B867BFCA14A3EFBA0B449" box="[890,1058,1807,1831]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Walhiana arctica</emphasis>
(I. Lea, 1864)
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="BACE2A23FF8B867BFB174A3EFA97B449" box="[1228,1301,1807,1831]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="9.[113,178,1839,1863]" captionTargetBox="[181,1406,146,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-7@9.[160,1412,144,1811]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 3. Shells of the Lymnaeinae species. A, Dallirhytis atkaensis (USA, Alaska, Birch Lake; RMBH). B, Dallirhytis atkaensis (Russia, the Chukchi Peninsula, an unnamed lake; ZIN). C, Galba sibirica (Mongolia, the Teellin-gol River; after Vinarski et al. 2017b). D, Galba truncatula (Russia, Irkutsk Region, vicinities of Kirensk Town; LMBI). E, Ladislavella liogyra (Russia, Amur basin, vicinities of Nikol’sk-Ussuriysky Town; ZIN). F, Walhiana arctica (Canada, Ontario, Hudson’s Bay; NHMUK). G, Walhiana catascopium (Canada, British Columbia, Aintworth hot springs; RMBH). H, Walhiana catascopium (Russia, Kamchatka, Azabachye Lake; RMBH). I, Lymnaea jugularis (USA, Michigan, the Rouge River; NHMUK). J, Lymnaea sorensis (Russia, Lake Baikal, a syntype; ZIN). K, Lymnaea jugularis (USA, Minnesota, a neotype with label; ZIN). Scale bars: 2 mm in C, D, F–H; 5 mm in A, B, E, I–K.Photographs: Maxim V.Vinarski (A–F, I–K) and Olga V.Aksenova (G, H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13772609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13772609/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8B867BFA8D4A3EFBABB429" authority="(Say, 1817)" authorityName="Aksenova &amp; Vinarski &amp; Itagaki &amp; Ohari &amp; Oshida &amp; Kim &amp; Lee &amp; Kondakov &amp; Khrebtova &amp; Soboleva &amp; Travina &amp; Sokolova &amp; Palatov &amp; Bespalaya &amp; Vikhrev &amp; Gofarov &amp; Bolotov" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1817" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Walhiana" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="catascopium">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8B867BFA8D4A3EFC20B428" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Walhiana catascopium</emphasis>
(Say, 1817)
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="BACE2A23FF8B867BFBE54A1EFB35B428" box="[1086,1207,1839,1863]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="9.[113,178,1839,1863]" captionTargetBox="[181,1406,146,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-7@9.[160,1412,144,1811]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 3. Shells of the Lymnaeinae species. A, Dallirhytis atkaensis (USA, Alaska, Birch Lake; RMBH). B, Dallirhytis atkaensis (Russia, the Chukchi Peninsula, an unnamed lake; ZIN). C, Galba sibirica (Mongolia, the Teellin-gol River; after Vinarski et al. 2017b). D, Galba truncatula (Russia, Irkutsk Region, vicinities of Kirensk Town; LMBI). E, Ladislavella liogyra (Russia, Amur basin, vicinities of Nikol’sk-Ussuriysky Town; ZIN). F, Walhiana arctica (Canada, Ontario, Hudson’s Bay; NHMUK). G, Walhiana catascopium (Canada, British Columbia, Aintworth hot springs; RMBH). H, Walhiana catascopium (Russia, Kamchatka, Azabachye Lake; RMBH). I, Lymnaea jugularis (USA, Michigan, the Rouge River; NHMUK). J, Lymnaea sorensis (Russia, Lake Baikal, a syntype; ZIN). K, Lymnaea jugularis (USA, Minnesota, a neotype with label; ZIN). Scale bars: 2 mm in C, D, F–H; 5 mm in A, B, E, I–K.Photographs: Maxim V.Vinarski (A–F, I–K) and Olga V.Aksenova (G, H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13772609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13772609/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 3G, H</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="BACE2A23FF8B867BFB134A1EFB61B429" box="[1224,1251,1839,1863]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="10.[130,195,1678,1702]" captionTargetBox="[134,1471,149,1640]" captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[129,1476,145,1650]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 4. The copulatory apparatuses of the pond snails discussed in the taxonomic account. A, Dallirhytis atkaensis (Russia, the Chukchi Peninsula, Lake Vaaliuchio). B, Galba sibirica (Mongolia, the Teellin-gol River; after Vinarski et al. 2017b). C, Galba truncatula (Abkhazia, Gagra District, wet shore of Inkit Lake; after Vinarski et al.2017b). D, Ladislavella liogyra (Russia, Primorye, a pool near Lake Lebedinoye).E, Walhiana catascopium (Russia, Kamchatka, Azabachye Lake; RMBH). F, Lymnaea sorensis (Russia, Kamchatka, Kamchatka River; RMBH). G, Kamtschaticana kamtschatica (Russia, Magadan Region, a water reservoir; after Vinarski et al. 2021). H, Orientogalba ollula (Russia, Primorye Territory, near Possiet Settlement; after Kruglov 2005). I, Radix auricularia (Russia, Tyumen’ Region, Vylposl channel near Labytnangi Town). J, Radix plicatula (China, Bejing, an artificial pond in the former Emperor’s summer palace; after Vinarski et al. 2020). K, Radix cf.hamadai (Japan, Matsumae; after Vinarski et al. 2020). Scale bars: 1 mm.Photographs: Maxim V. Vinarski (A–D, G, I–K) and Olga V. Aksenova (E, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13772611" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13772611/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">4E</figureCitation>
). The former (
<figureCitation id="BACE2A23FF8B867BFA564A1EFCC4B408" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="9.[113,178,1839,1863]" captionTargetBox="[181,1406,146,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-7@9.[160,1412,144,1811]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 3. Shells of the Lymnaeinae species. A, Dallirhytis atkaensis (USA, Alaska, Birch Lake; RMBH). B, Dallirhytis atkaensis (Russia, the Chukchi Peninsula, an unnamed lake; ZIN). C, Galba sibirica (Mongolia, the Teellin-gol River; after Vinarski et al. 2017b). D, Galba truncatula (Russia, Irkutsk Region, vicinities of Kirensk Town; LMBI). E, Ladislavella liogyra (Russia, Amur basin, vicinities of Nikol’sk-Ussuriysky Town; ZIN). F, Walhiana arctica (Canada, Ontario, Hudson’s Bay; NHMUK). G, Walhiana catascopium (Canada, British Columbia, Aintworth hot springs; RMBH). H, Walhiana catascopium (Russia, Kamchatka, Azabachye Lake; RMBH). I, Lymnaea jugularis (USA, Michigan, the Rouge River; NHMUK). J, Lymnaea sorensis (Russia, Lake Baikal, a syntype; ZIN). K, Lymnaea jugularis (USA, Minnesota, a neotype with label; ZIN). Scale bars: 2 mm in C, D, F–H; 5 mm in A, B, E, I–K.Photographs: Maxim V.Vinarski (A–F, I–K) and Olga V.Aksenova (G, H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13772609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13772609/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
) is confined to the northern Nearctic, occurring in Alaska and Northern
<collectingCountry id="5AE27636FF8B867BFC1B4A5CFB8CB4EB" box="[960,1038,1901,1925]" name="Canada" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Canada</collectingCountry>
through to Newfoundland (
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8B867BFAEC4A5CFA2FB4EB" author="Baker FC" box="[1335,1453,1901,1925]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 539" refId="ref17618" refString="Baker FC. The Lymnaeidae of North and Middle America. Special Publications of the Chicago Academy of Sciences 1911; 3: 1 - 539." type="journal article" year="1911">Baker 1911</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8B867BFCF14ABCFC21B4CB" author="Burch JB" box="[810,931,1933,1957]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref17812" refString="Burch JB. North American Freshwater Snails. Hamburg, MI: Malacological Publications, 1989." type="book" year="1989">Burch 1989</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8B867BFC744ABCFBF7B4CB" author="Johnson PD &amp; Bogan AE &amp; Brown KM" box="[943,1141,1933,1957]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="247 - 82" refId="ref18664" refString="Johnson PD, Bogan AE, Brown KM et al. Conservation status of freshwater gastropods of Canada and the United States. Fisheries 2013; 38: 247 - 82. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03632415.2013.785396" type="journal article" year="2013">
Johnson
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8B867BFBD04ABCFBB9B4CB" box="[1035,1083,1933,1957]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
). The two species are virtually indistinguishable from each other both conchologically and anatomically. However,
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8C867CFE8A4D9EFE66B3A9" author="Clarke AH" box="[337,484,175,199]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 509" refId="ref17971" refString="Clarke AH. The freshwater molluscs of the Canadian Interior Basin. Malacologia 1973; 13: 1 - 509." type="journal article" year="1973">Clarke (1973)</bibRefCitation>
noted that
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8C867CFD814D81FD38B3A9" baseAuthorityName="I. Lea" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[602,698,176,199]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Walhiana" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="arctica">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8C867CFD814D81FD38B3A9" box="[602,698,176,199]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">W. arctica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is characterized by smaller size (shell height not exceeding
<quantity id="E50D9B43FF8C867CFD524DFEFD51B388" box="[649,723,207,231]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="22.0">22 mm</quantity>
, with six whorls or more) and a wide and thick columella.
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8C867CFD714DDFFF7BB24B" authorityName="Aksenova &amp; Vinarski &amp; Itagaki &amp; Ohari &amp; Oshida &amp; Kim &amp; Lee &amp; Kondakov &amp; Khrebtova &amp; Soboleva &amp; Travina &amp; Sokolova &amp; Palatov &amp; Bespalaya &amp; Vikhrev &amp; Gofarov &amp; Bolotov" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1817" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Walhiana" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="catascopium">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8C867CFD714DDFFF7BB24B" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Walhiana catascopium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is extremely variable and widely distributed, known from the North American mainland (south to
<collectingCountry id="5AE27636FF8C867CFD754C1CFD7DB22B" box="[686,767,301,325]" name="Mexico" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mexico</collectingCountry>
), Kamchatka, and
<collectingCountry id="5AE27636FF8C867CFEF54C7DFE19B20A" box="[302,411,332,356]" name="Greenland" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Greenland</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8C867CFE724C7DFDA4B20A" author="Clarke AH" box="[425,550,332,356]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 509" refId="ref17971" refString="Clarke AH. The freshwater molluscs of the Canadian Interior Basin. Malacologia 1973; 13: 1 - 509." type="journal article" year="1973">Clarke 1973</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8C867CFDE94C7DFD2BB20A" author="Burch JB" box="[562,681,332,356]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref17812" refString="Burch JB. North American Freshwater Snails. Hamburg, MI: Malacological Publications, 1989." type="book" year="1989">Burch 1989</bibRefCitation>
, Vinarski
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8C867CFF5A4C5DFF2DB2ED" box="[129,175,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
2016, 2017a).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6AEF652DFF8C867CFF5A4C94FF76B295" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="224A36A6FF8C867CFF5A4C94FF76B295" blockId="12.[129,779,421,507]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8C867CFF5A4C94FF7CB2D3" box="[129,254,421,445]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Distribution:</emphasis>
Extreme northeast Asia (Chukchi and Kamchatka peninsulas), North American mainland south to
<collectingCountry id="5AE27636FF8C867CFD514CF5FD5AB2B2" box="[650,728,452,476]" name="Mexico" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mexico</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="5AE27636FF8C867CFF5A4CD2FF72B295" box="[129,240,483,507]" name="Greenland" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Greenland</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="6AEF652DFF8C867CFF5A4F2CFDA6B1FD" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="224A36A6FF8C867CFF5A4F2CFDA6B1FD" blockId="12.[129,778,541,659]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8C867CFF5A4F2CFF54B15B" box="[129,214,541,565]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Remark:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8C867CFF3B4F2CFE5BB15B" authority="Servain, 1882" authorityName="Servain" authorityYear="1882" box="[224,473,541,565]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Walhiana" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8C867CFF3B4F2CFEBDB15B" box="[224,319,541,565]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Walhiana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8C867CFE924F2CFE5BB15B" author="Servain G" box="[329,473,541,565]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref20405" refString="Servain G. Histoire malacologique du lac Balaton en Hongrie. Poissy: S. Lejay, 1882." type="book" year="1882">Servain, 1882</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is the oldest available name for this group. The names
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8C867CFE674F0DFEADB11D" authority="Starobogatov &amp; Budnikova, 1976" authorityName="Starobogatov &amp; Budnikova" authorityYear="1976" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Walterlymnaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8C867CFE674F0DFDCDB13A" box="[444,591,572,596]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Walterlymnaea</emphasis>
Starobogatov &amp; Budnikova, 1976
</taxonomicName>
and
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<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8C867CFEB84F6DFE52B11D" box="[355,464,604,627]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Catascopia</emphasis>
Meier-Brook &amp; Bargues, 2002
</taxonomicName>
are junior synonyms (see
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8C867CFE5E4F4AFD91B1FD" author="Vinarski MV" box="[389,531,635,659]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="91 - 104" refId="ref20666" refString="Vinarski MV. The lymnaeid genus Catascopia Meier-Brook et Bargues, 2002 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae), its synonymy and species composition. Invertebrate Zoology 2012; 9: 91 - 104. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / invertzool. 09.2.02" type="journal article" year="2012">Vinarski 2012</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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species:
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8C867CFEDA4E3CFDB3B04A" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[257,561,780,805]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stagnalis">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8C867CFEDA4E3CFE12B04B" box="[257,400,781,805]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Helix stagnalis</emphasis>
Linnaeus, 1758
</taxonomicName>
(by monotypy).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6AEF652DFF8C867CFF5A4E76FD47B60D" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="224A36A6FF8C867CFF5A4E76FD9BB757" blockId="12.[128,777,838,1081]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8C867CFF5A4E76FF65B030" box="[129,231,839,862]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Shell large (≤
<quantity id="E50D9B43FF8C867CFE524E77FE56B033" box="[393,468,838,862]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="70.0">70 mm</quantity>
height, usually
<quantity id="E50D9B43FF8C867CFD514E77FD7CB030" box="[650,766,838,862]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="45.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="40.0">40–50 mm</quantity>
), ovate-conical to ear-shaped (
<figureCitation id="BACE2A23FF8C867CFE744E54FE70B013" box="[431,498,869,893]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="9.[113,178,1839,1863]" captionTargetBox="[181,1406,146,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-7@9.[160,1412,144,1811]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 3. Shells of the Lymnaeinae species. A, Dallirhytis atkaensis (USA, Alaska, Birch Lake; RMBH). B, Dallirhytis atkaensis (Russia, the Chukchi Peninsula, an unnamed lake; ZIN). C, Galba sibirica (Mongolia, the Teellin-gol River; after Vinarski et al. 2017b). D, Galba truncatula (Russia, Irkutsk Region, vicinities of Kirensk Town; LMBI). E, Ladislavella liogyra (Russia, Amur basin, vicinities of Nikol’sk-Ussuriysky Town; ZIN). F, Walhiana arctica (Canada, Ontario, Hudson’s Bay; NHMUK). G, Walhiana catascopium (Canada, British Columbia, Aintworth hot springs; RMBH). H, Walhiana catascopium (Russia, Kamchatka, Azabachye Lake; RMBH). I, Lymnaea jugularis (USA, Michigan, the Rouge River; NHMUK). J, Lymnaea sorensis (Russia, Lake Baikal, a syntype; ZIN). K, Lymnaea jugularis (USA, Minnesota, a neotype with label; ZIN). Scale bars: 2 mm in C, D, F–H; 5 mm in A, B, E, I–K.Photographs: Maxim V.Vinarski (A–F, I–K) and Olga V.Aksenova (G, H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13772609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13772609/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 3J</figureCitation>
); both shell size and shell proportions are prone to high variability, both within and among populations. Aperture relatively large, with the body whorl moderately to greatly inflated. Prostate with numerous small folds inside. Praeputium is thick and sac-like, its length exceeds the penis sheath length by 2.5–7.0 times (
<figureCitation id="BACE2A23FF8C867CFDDF4933FDC9B774" box="[516,587,1026,1050]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="10.[130,195,1678,1702]" captionTargetBox="[134,1471,149,1640]" captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[129,1476,145,1650]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 4. The copulatory apparatuses of the pond snails discussed in the taxonomic account. A, Dallirhytis atkaensis (Russia, the Chukchi Peninsula, Lake Vaaliuchio). B, Galba sibirica (Mongolia, the Teellin-gol River; after Vinarski et al. 2017b). C, Galba truncatula (Abkhazia, Gagra District, wet shore of Inkit Lake; after Vinarski et al.2017b). D, Ladislavella liogyra (Russia, Primorye, a pool near Lake Lebedinoye).E, Walhiana catascopium (Russia, Kamchatka, Azabachye Lake; RMBH). F, Lymnaea sorensis (Russia, Kamchatka, Kamchatka River; RMBH). G, Kamtschaticana kamtschatica (Russia, Magadan Region, a water reservoir; after Vinarski et al. 2021). H, Orientogalba ollula (Russia, Primorye Territory, near Possiet Settlement; after Kruglov 2005). I, Radix auricularia (Russia, Tyumen’ Region, Vylposl channel near Labytnangi Town). J, Radix plicatula (China, Bejing, an artificial pond in the former Emperor’s summer palace; after Vinarski et al. 2020). K, Radix cf.hamadai (Japan, Matsumae; after Vinarski et al. 2020). Scale bars: 1 mm.Photographs: Maxim V. Vinarski (A–D, G, I–K) and Olga V. Aksenova (E, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13772611" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13772611/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
). The latter is very short and narrow. Penial knot is present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="224A36A6FF8C867CFF5A4960FD47B60D" blockId="12.[129,778,1105,1379]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8C867CFF5A4960FE9CB707" box="[129,286,1105,1129]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Species richness:</emphasis>
Most authors include a single species, the great pond snail,
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8C867CFF2E4940FE2BB7E6" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[245,425,1136,1160]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Lymnaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stagnalis">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8C867CFF2E4940FE2BB7E6" box="[245,425,1136,1160]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Lymnaea stagnalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is thought to be widely distributed in Eurasia and North America [but see
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8C867CFD5C49BEFED9B7A8" author="Kruglov ND &amp; Starobogatov YI" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="21 - 35" refId="ref18822" refString="Kruglov ND, Starobogatov YI. Methods of experimental hybridization and some results of its applications in the taxonomy of Lymnaeidae. Malacological Review 1985 a; 18: 21 - 35." type="journal article" year="1985">Kruglov and Starobogatov (1985a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8C867CFEB0499EFE1DB7A9" author="Kruglov ND &amp; Starobogatov YI" box="[363,415,1199,1223]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="65 - 92" refId="ref18930" refString="Kruglov ND, Starobogatov YI. Annotated and illustrated catalogue of species of the family Lymnaeidae (Gastropoda Pulmonata Lymnaeiformes) of Palaearctic and adjacent river drainage areas. Part I. Ruthinica 1993; 3: 65 - 92." type="journal article" year="1993">1993</bibRefCitation>
), who split
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8C867CFDFE499EFD40B7A9" box="[549,706,1199,1223]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8C867CFDFE499EFD22B7A9" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[549,672,1199,1223]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Lymnaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stagnalis">Ly. stagnalis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0BB257CFFF8C867CFD72499EFD40B7A9" box="[681,706,1199,1223]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
into a series of morphospecies, five of them living in North America and six in Eurasia]. Our phylogenetic analysis supports the hypothesis that the great pond snail might be a series of morphologically cryptic species, virtually indistinguishable both conchologically and anatomically (
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8C867CFE3E487AFD36B60D" author="Aksenova OV &amp; Bolotov IN &amp; Khrebtova IS" box="[485,692,1355,1379]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="67 - 101" refId="ref17294" refString="Aksenova OV, Bolotov IN, Khrebtova IS et al. Phylogeny and taxonomy of the family Lymnaeidae. In: Vinarski MV, Vazquez AA (eds.), The Lymnaeidae. Zoological Monographs, Vol. 7. Cham: Springer, 2023, 67 - 101. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 031 - 30292 - 3 _ 3" type="book chapter" year="2023">
Aksenova
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8C867CFD95487DFDFEB60D" box="[590,636,1355,1379]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
2023
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6AEF652DFF8C867CFF5A48B4FED3B4DF" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="224A36A6FF8C867CFF5A48B4FED3B4DF" blockId="12.[129,778,1413,1969]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8C867CFF5A48B4FE80B6F3" box="[129,258,1413,1437]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Distribution:</emphasis>
Holarctic; introduced to some tropical regions of the world. Most of the species belonging to this genus occur in Eurasia, whereas North America is probably inhabited by a single species,
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8C867CFE9848D2FDFFB695" authority="Say, 1817" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1817" box="[323,637,1507,1531]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Lymnaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="jugularis">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8C867CFE9848D2FD81B695" box="[323,515,1507,1531]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Lymnaea jugularis</emphasis>
Say, 1817
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8C867CFD7648D2FEC7B574" authority="Say, 1821" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1821" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Lymnaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="appressa">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8C867CFD7648D2FF55B574" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Lymnaea appressa</emphasis>
Say, 1821
</taxonomicName>
) (
<figureCitation id="BACE2A23FF8C867CFE844B33FE21B574" box="[351,419,1538,1562]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="9.[113,178,1839,1863]" captionTargetBox="[181,1406,146,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-7@9.[160,1412,144,1811]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 3. Shells of the Lymnaeinae species. A, Dallirhytis atkaensis (USA, Alaska, Birch Lake; RMBH). B, Dallirhytis atkaensis (Russia, the Chukchi Peninsula, an unnamed lake; ZIN). C, Galba sibirica (Mongolia, the Teellin-gol River; after Vinarski et al. 2017b). D, Galba truncatula (Russia, Irkutsk Region, vicinities of Kirensk Town; LMBI). E, Ladislavella liogyra (Russia, Amur basin, vicinities of Nikol’sk-Ussuriysky Town; ZIN). F, Walhiana arctica (Canada, Ontario, Hudson’s Bay; NHMUK). G, Walhiana catascopium (Canada, British Columbia, Aintworth hot springs; RMBH). H, Walhiana catascopium (Russia, Kamchatka, Azabachye Lake; RMBH). I, Lymnaea jugularis (USA, Michigan, the Rouge River; NHMUK). J, Lymnaea sorensis (Russia, Lake Baikal, a syntype; ZIN). K, Lymnaea jugularis (USA, Minnesota, a neotype with label; ZIN). Scale bars: 2 mm in C, D, F–H; 5 mm in A, B, E, I–K.Photographs: Maxim V.Vinarski (A–F, I–K) and Olga V.Aksenova (G, H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13772609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13772609/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 3I</figureCitation>
). In the East Asian region, we accept a single species, which is widely distributed throughout the Altai, East Siberia, the extreme northeast of Asia, West
<collectingCountry id="5AE27636FF8C867CFF5A4B51FF43B516" box="[129,193,1632,1656]" name="China" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="E031F844FF8C867CFF0A4B51FEB6B516" box="[209,308,1632,1656]" country="China" name="Xinjiang Uygur" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Xinjiang</collectingRegion>
), and, probably,
<collectingCountry id="5AE27636FF8C867CFE3D4B51FDCFB516" box="[486,589,1632,1656]" name="Mongolia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
. The oldest available name for this species is
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8C867CFE604BB1FF3AB5D9" authority="W. Dybowski, 1912" authorityName="W. Dybowski" authorityYear="1912" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Lymnaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sorensis">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8C867CFE604BB1FDE9B5F9" box="[443,619,1664,1687]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Lymnaea sorensis</emphasis>
W.
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8C867CFD424B4EFF3AB5D9" author="Dybowski B" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="165 - 218" refId="ref18162" refString="Dybowski B. Bemerkungen und Zusatze zu der Arbeit von Dr. W. Dybowski ' Mollusken der Uferregion des Baikalsees'. Annuaire du Musee Zoologique de l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de Saint- Petersbourg 1912; 17: 165 - 218." type="journal article" year="1912">Dybowski, 1912</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, based on its
<typeStatus id="FD4E8804FF8C867CFE984BAEFEF0B5D9" box="[323,370,1695,1719]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
locality of Lake Baikal. The
<typeStatus id="FD4E8804FF8C867CFD414BAEFD4BB5D9" box="[666,713,1695,1719]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
series of this species is housed in the
<collectionCode id="44E4AE63FF8C867CFE664B8FFE69B5BB" box="[445,491,1726,1749]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z2y8-2jfr" name="Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute, Zoological Museum" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="Museum">ZIN</collectionCode>
collection (
<figureCitation id="BACE2A23FF8C867CFDB34B8FFD28B5B8" box="[616,682,1726,1750]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="9.[113,178,1839,1863]" captionTargetBox="[181,1406,146,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-7@9.[160,1412,144,1811]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 3. Shells of the Lymnaeinae species. A, Dallirhytis atkaensis (USA, Alaska, Birch Lake; RMBH). B, Dallirhytis atkaensis (Russia, the Chukchi Peninsula, an unnamed lake; ZIN). C, Galba sibirica (Mongolia, the Teellin-gol River; after Vinarski et al. 2017b). D, Galba truncatula (Russia, Irkutsk Region, vicinities of Kirensk Town; LMBI). E, Ladislavella liogyra (Russia, Amur basin, vicinities of Nikol’sk-Ussuriysky Town; ZIN). F, Walhiana arctica (Canada, Ontario, Hudson’s Bay; NHMUK). G, Walhiana catascopium (Canada, British Columbia, Aintworth hot springs; RMBH). H, Walhiana catascopium (Russia, Kamchatka, Azabachye Lake; RMBH). I, Lymnaea jugularis (USA, Michigan, the Rouge River; NHMUK). J, Lymnaea sorensis (Russia, Lake Baikal, a syntype; ZIN). K, Lymnaea jugularis (USA, Minnesota, a neotype with label; ZIN). Scale bars: 2 mm in C, D, F–H; 5 mm in A, B, E, I–K.Photographs: Maxim V.Vinarski (A–F, I–K) and Olga V.Aksenova (G, H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13772609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13772609/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 3J</figureCitation>
). In addition, we studied numerous topotypic specimens of this species collected in
<date id="564B1066FF8C867CFEF64BCCFE1AB47B" box="[301,408,1789,1813]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2021-06">June 2021</date>
(
<collectionCode id="44E4AE63FF8C867CFE7E4BCCFE6BB47B" box="[421,489,1789,1813]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">LMBI</collectionCode>
collection). Based on these considerations, we adopt this name for the clade of sequences from Northeast and Central Asia. Conchologically and anatomically, it corresponds fully to the great pond snail, which is common in Europe and West Siberia. There are no similar species in
<collectingCountry id="5AE27636FF8C867CFF304AABFECFB4DF" box="[235,333,1945,1969]" name="China" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">East Asia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6AEF652DFF8C867CFCE24DA1FBBFB0B9" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="224A36A6FF8C867CFCE24DA1FBBFB0B9" blockId="12.[825,1476,144,983]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8C867CFCE24DA1FB9DB3C6" box="[825,1055,144,168]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nomenclatural remark:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8C867CFBF34DA1FB25B3C6" author="Say T" box="[1064,1191,144,168]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref20249" refString="Say T. Conchology. In: Nicholson W (ed.), American Edition of the British Encyclopedia, or, Dictionary of Arts and Sciences Comprising an Accurate and Popular View of the Present Improved State of Human Knowledge; First Edition A- 3 - C- 6. Philadelphia: Mitchell, Ames, White, 1817 a." type="book" year="1817">Say (1817a)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8C867CFAC14DA0FA11B3C6" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1817" box="[1306,1427,144,168]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Lymnaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="jugularis">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8C867CFAC14DA0FA11B3C6" box="[1306,1427,144,168]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ly. jugularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a species of ‘great pond snail’ in North America. Some authors accepted this name, treating
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8C867CFBBE4DFEFB5FB388" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1821" box="[1125,1245,207,230]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Lymnaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="appressa">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8C867CFBBE4DFEFB5FB388" box="[1125,1245,207,230]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ly. appressa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as its junior synonym (e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8C867CFCB24DDFFB28B268" author="Kruglov ND &amp; Starobogatov YI" box="[873,1194,238,262]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="65 - 92" refId="ref18930" refString="Kruglov ND, Starobogatov YI. Annotated and illustrated catalogue of species of the family Lymnaeidae (Gastropoda Pulmonata Lymnaeiformes) of Palaearctic and adjacent river drainage areas. Part I. Ruthinica 1993; 3: 65 - 92." type="journal article" year="1993">Kruglov and Starobogatov 1993</bibRefCitation>
). In contrast,
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8C867CFAEE4DDFFA43B268" author="Burch JB" box="[1333,1473,238,262]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref17812" refString="Burch JB. North American Freshwater Snails. Hamburg, MI: Malacological Publications, 1989." type="book" year="1989">Burch (1989)</bibRefCitation>
explicitly ignored
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8C867CFC344C3FFBE7B24B" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1817" box="[1007,1125,269,293]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Lymnaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="jugularis">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8C867CFC344C3FFBE7B24B" box="[1007,1125,269,293]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ly. jugularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as an available name, without providing an explanation.
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8C867CFBE84C1CFAB9B22B" author="Clarke AH" box="[1075,1339,301,325]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 509" refId="ref17971" refString="Clarke AH. The freshwater molluscs of the Canadian Interior Basin. Malacologia 1973; 13: 1 - 509." type="journal article" year="1973">Clarke (1973: 300–301)</bibRefCitation>
argued that
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8C867CFCE24C7CFC31B20A" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1817" box="[825,947,332,356]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Lymnaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="jugularis">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8C867CFCE24C7CFC31B20A" box="[825,947,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ly. jugularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unrecognizable because it was based on a very short and incomplete description that was not accompanied by a figure. He characterized this species as ‘a doubtful inhabitant of the United States’.
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8C867CFB824C9BFB73B2AC" author="Clarke AH" box="[1113,1265,426,450]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 509" refId="ref17971" refString="Clarke AH. The freshwater molluscs of the Canadian Interior Basin. Malacologia 1973; 13: 1 - 509." type="journal article" year="1973">Clarke (1973)</bibRefCitation>
decided to use the name
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8C867CFCA24CFBFC72B28F" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1821" box="[889,1008,458,481]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Lymnaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="appressa">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8C867CFCA24CFBFC72B28F" box="[889,1008,458,481]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ly. appressa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for this species. Later,
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8C867CFB3B4CF8FAF7B28F" author="Clarke AH" box="[1248,1397,457,481]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref17992" refString="Clarke AH. The Freshwater Molluscs of Canada. Ottawa: National Museum of Natural Sciences, National Museums of Canada, 1981." type="book" year="1981">Clarke (1981)</bibRefCitation>
opined that ‘Say’s first (1817) description of
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8C867CFB1D4CD8FA98B16F" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1817" box="[1222,1306,489,513]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Lymnaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="jugularis">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8C867CFB1D4CD8FA98B16F" box="[1222,1306,489,513]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">jugularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is recognizable’ and that
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8C867CFC4C4F38FC69B14E" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1821" box="[919,1003,521,544]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Lymnaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="appressa">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8C867CFC4C4F38FC69B14E" box="[919,1003,521,544]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">appressa</emphasis>
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was its junior synonym. The type specimens of
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<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8C867CFC8D4F19FC52B151" box="[854,976,551,575]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ly. jugularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are lost, which might prevent researchers from reaching an agreement on the identity of this name. In contrast, the type series of
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8C867CFC2D4F56FBEDB110" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1821" box="[1014,1135,615,638]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Lymnaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="appressa">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8C867CFC2D4F56FBEDB110" box="[1014,1135,615,638]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ly. appressa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is extant (see
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8C867CFAD14F57FA38B110" author="Baker FC" box="[1290,1466,614,638]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 539" refId="ref17618" refString="Baker FC. The Lymnaeidae of North and Middle America. Special Publications of the Chicago Academy of Sciences 1911; 3: 1 - 539." type="journal article" year="1911">Baker 1911: 141</bibRefCitation>
) and available to identify this species. To resolve this confusing situation, we here designate a
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for
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8C867CFB394F94FCEDB1B2" authority="Say, 1817" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1817" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Lymnaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="jugularis">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8C867CFB394F94FA17B1D3" box="[1250,1429,677,701]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Lymnaea jugularis</emphasis>
Say, 1817
</taxonomicName>
. This specimen was collected from an unknown locality in
<collectingRegion id="E031F844FF8C867CFCE14FD2FC28B195" box="[826,938,739,763]" country="United States of America" name="Minnesota" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Minnesota</collectingRegion>
, North America, in the mid-19th century and is kept in
<collectionCode id="44E4AE63FF8C867CFC8E4E32FC00B074" box="[853,898,771,794]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z2y8-2jfr" name="Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute, Zoological Museum" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="Museum">ZIN</collectionCode>
(no.
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the systematic catalogue). The exact sampling date is unknown; we know only that this sample was obtained from the
<collectingCountry id="5AE27636FF8C867CFC434E70FBA2B037" box="[920,1056,833,857]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">United States</collectingCountry>
National Museum in the end of the 19th century (
<figureCitation id="BACE2A23FF8C867CFC474E50FC68B017" box="[924,1002,865,889]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="9.[113,178,1839,1863]" captionTargetBox="[181,1406,146,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-7@9.[160,1412,144,1811]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 3. Shells of the Lymnaeinae species. A, Dallirhytis atkaensis (USA, Alaska, Birch Lake; RMBH). B, Dallirhytis atkaensis (Russia, the Chukchi Peninsula, an unnamed lake; ZIN). C, Galba sibirica (Mongolia, the Teellin-gol River; after Vinarski et al. 2017b). D, Galba truncatula (Russia, Irkutsk Region, vicinities of Kirensk Town; LMBI). E, Ladislavella liogyra (Russia, Amur basin, vicinities of Nikol’sk-Ussuriysky Town; ZIN). F, Walhiana arctica (Canada, Ontario, Hudson’s Bay; NHMUK). G, Walhiana catascopium (Canada, British Columbia, Aintworth hot springs; RMBH). H, Walhiana catascopium (Russia, Kamchatka, Azabachye Lake; RMBH). I, Lymnaea jugularis (USA, Michigan, the Rouge River; NHMUK). J, Lymnaea sorensis (Russia, Lake Baikal, a syntype; ZIN). K, Lymnaea jugularis (USA, Minnesota, a neotype with label; ZIN). Scale bars: 2 mm in C, D, F–H; 5 mm in A, B, E, I–K.Photographs: Maxim V.Vinarski (A–F, I–K) and Olga V.Aksenova (G, H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13772609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13772609/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 3K</figureCitation>
). This specimen shows all characters typical for the Nearctic
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8C867CFC3F4EB0FB3BB0F6" box="[996,1209,896,920]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8C867CFC3F4EB0FB18B0F6" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[996,1178,896,920]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Lymnaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="stagnalis">Lymnaea stagnalis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0BB257CFFF8C867CFB7B4EB1FB3BB0F6" box="[1184,1209,896,920]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
as they were described in papers by
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8C867CFC7D4EAEFBB2B0D9" author="Baker FC" box="[934,1072,927,951]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 539" refId="ref17618" refString="Baker FC. The Lymnaeidae of North and Middle America. Special Publications of the Chicago Academy of Sciences 1911; 3: 1 - 539." type="journal article" year="1911">Baker (1911)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8C867CFBE64EAEFB44B0D9" author="Clarke AH" box="[1085,1222,927,951]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 509" refId="ref17971" refString="Clarke AH. The freshwater molluscs of the Canadian Interior Basin. Malacologia 1973; 13: 1 - 509." type="journal article" year="1973">Clarke (1973</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8C867CFB084EAEFA85B0D9" author="Clarke AH" box="[1235,1287,927,951]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref17992" refString="Clarke AH. The Freshwater Molluscs of Canada. Ottawa: National Museum of Natural Sciences, National Museums of Canada, 1981." type="book" year="1981">1981</bibRefCitation>
), and some other North American authors.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

821
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<treatment id="AA5C87B0FF8C867FFC3E49A0FD1BB665" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13772629" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13772629" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AA5C87B0FF8C867FFC3E49A0FD1BB665" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AA5C87B0FF8C867FFC3E49A0FD1BB665" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<subSubSection id="6AEF652DFF8C867CFC3E49A0FB8EB7BE" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="224A36A6FF8C867CFC3E49A0FB8EB7BE" blockId="12.[997,1302,1170,1195]" lastBlockId="12.[825,1036,1209,1232]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="02E51188FF8C867CFC3E49A0FB8EB7BE" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8C867CFC3E49A0FBA9B7C5" bold="true" box="[997,1067,1169,1195]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Genus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="A35410B7FF8C867CFBF449A0FB8AB7BE" author="Montfort PD" page="266" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1810">
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8C867CFBF449A0FB8AB7BE" ID-CoL="7PFJ6" authority="Montfort, 1810 Montfort 1810: 266" authorityName="Montfort, 1810 Montfort" authorityYear="1810" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8C867CFBF449A0FA94B7C5" bold="true" box="[1071,1302,1169,1196]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8C867CFBF449A0FBEFB7C2" bold="true" box="[1071,1133,1169,1196]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Radix</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8C867CFBA949A0FA94B7C5" author="Montfort PD" box="[1138,1302,1169,1195]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref19588" refString="Montfort PD. Conchyliologie systematique, et classification methodique des Coquilles; offrant leurs figures, leur arrangement generique, leurs descriptions caracteristiques, leurs noms; ainsi que leur synonymie en plusieurs langues. Ouvrage destine a faciliter l'etude des Coquilles, ainsi que leur disposition dans les cabinets d'histoire naturelle. Paris: Schoell, 1810." type="book" year="1810">Montfort, 1810</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8C867CFCE24989FB8AB7BE" author="Montfort PD" box="[825,1032,1208,1232]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref19588" refString="Montfort PD. Conchyliologie systematique, et classification methodique des Coquilles; offrant leurs figures, leur arrangement generique, leurs descriptions caracteristiques, leurs noms; ainsi que leur synonymie en plusieurs langues. Ouvrage destine a faciliter l'etude des Coquilles, ainsi que leur disposition dans les cabinets d'histoire naturelle. Paris: Schoell, 1810." type="book" year="1810">Montfort 1810: 266</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6AEF652DFF8C867CFCE249C3FA37B667" box="[825,1461,1265,1289]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="224A36A6FF8C867CFCE249C3FA37B667" blockId="12.[825,1461,1265,1289]" box="[825,1461,1265,1289]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8C867CFCE249C3FC37B667" box="[825,949,1266,1289]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<typeStatus id="FD4E8804FF8C867CFCE249C3FCEBB667" box="[825,873,1266,1289]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Type</typeStatus>
species:
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8C867CFC6149C0FA89B667" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[954,1291,1265,1289]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="auricularius">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8C867CFC6149C0FBEBB667" box="[954,1129,1265,1289]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Helix auricularius</emphasis>
Linnaeus, 1758
</taxonomicName>
(by monotypy).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6AEF652DFF8C867FFCE2481AFE45B73A" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="224A36A6FF8C867CFCE2481AFA84B691" blockId="12.[825,1476,1323,1535]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8C867CFCE2481AFC1DB62C" box="[825,927,1323,1346]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Shell variable in size and shape; varying from ear-shaped to high-conical. Shell of the largest species can reach
<quantity id="E50D9B43FF8C867CFCE24858FC2BB6EF" box="[825,937,1385,1409]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="32.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="30.0">30–35 mm</quantity>
in height (
<figureCitation id="BACE2A23FF8C867CFBC44858FB2AB6EF" box="[1055,1192,1385,1409]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="13.[114,179,1395,1419]" captionTargetBox="[125,1456,158,1362]" captionTargetId="figure-233@13.[114,1461,144,1368]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 5. Shells of the Amphipepleinae species. A, Radix auricularia (Russia, Khabarovsk City, a pond in the city park; LMBI). B, Radix coreana syn. nov., a syntype (ZMB; after Vinarski 2016). C, Radix cf.hamadai (Japan, Hokkaido, Matsumae; LMBI). D, Radix japonica (Japan, Yeddo; SMF).E, R. japonica (Japan, Yokohama; SMF). F, R. japonica (original drawing after Jay 1857). G, Radix onychia (Japan, Lake Biwa, southern shore near Otsu; ZIN). H, Orientogalba ollula (Russia, Primorye Territory, near Possiet Settlement; ZIN). I, Radix plicatula [Taiwan (= ‘Formosa’); MNHN]. J, Radix plicatula [East China (‘Manchouria, Port-Artur’); MNHN]. K, Kamtschaticana kamtschatica, the lectotype (ZIN). L, K. kamtschatica (Russia, Kamchatka, the Valley of Geysers).M, Kamtschaticana sp.1 (Russia, Kamchatka Peninsula, Lake Azabachye). Scale bars: 1 mm in K; 2 mm in G, H, L, M; 5 mm in A–E, I, J; not given in the original drawing in F. Photographs:Maxim V. Vinarski (A–E, G–J), Tatiana Ya.Sitnikova (K), and Olga V. Aksenova (L, M)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13772615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13772615/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 5A–G,I,J</figureCitation>
). Prostate with a single internal fold. Praeputium sac-like; it is much wider than the penis sheath (
<figureCitation id="BACE2A23FF8C867CFC554899FC72B6AE" box="[910,1008,1448,1472]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="10.[130,195,1678,1702]" captionTargetBox="[134,1471,149,1640]" captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[129,1476,145,1650]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 4. The copulatory apparatuses of the pond snails discussed in the taxonomic account. A, Dallirhytis atkaensis (Russia, the Chukchi Peninsula, Lake Vaaliuchio). B, Galba sibirica (Mongolia, the Teellin-gol River; after Vinarski et al. 2017b). C, Galba truncatula (Abkhazia, Gagra District, wet shore of Inkit Lake; after Vinarski et al.2017b). D, Ladislavella liogyra (Russia, Primorye, a pool near Lake Lebedinoye).E, Walhiana catascopium (Russia, Kamchatka, Azabachye Lake; RMBH). F, Lymnaea sorensis (Russia, Kamchatka, Kamchatka River; RMBH). G, Kamtschaticana kamtschatica (Russia, Magadan Region, a water reservoir; after Vinarski et al. 2021). H, Orientogalba ollula (Russia, Primorye Territory, near Possiet Settlement; after Kruglov 2005). I, Radix auricularia (Russia, Tyumen’ Region, Vylposl channel near Labytnangi Town). J, Radix plicatula (China, Bejing, an artificial pond in the former Emperor’s summer palace; after Vinarski et al. 2020). K, Radix cf.hamadai (Japan, Matsumae; after Vinarski et al. 2020). Scale bars: 1 mm.Photographs: Maxim V. Vinarski (A–D, G, I–K) and Olga V. Aksenova (E, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13772611" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13772611/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 4I–K</figureCitation>
). The ratio of the lengths of these structures varies within the taxon, but it is typically close to 1.0. The penial knot is absent. The spermathecal duct is long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="224A36A6FF8C867FFCE24B11FEE7B28F" blockId="12.[824,1476,1568,1968]" lastBlockId="15.[113,763,144,1108]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8C867CFCE24B11FB44B556" box="[825,1222,1568,1592]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Species richness and taxonomic remarks:</emphasis>
The genus contains two subgenera:
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8C867CFC694B0EFB91B539" box="[946,1043,1599,1623]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8C867CFC694B0EFC6CB539" authorityName="Montfort, 1810 Montfort" authorityYear="1810" box="[946,1006,1599,1623]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">Radix</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0BB257CFFF8C867CFC234B71FB91B539" box="[1016,1043,1600,1623]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8C867CFB904B71FA03B539" authority="Bourguignat, 1883" authorityName="Bourguignat" authorityYear="1883" box="[1099,1409,1599,1623]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Exsertiana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8C867CFB904B71FB36B539" box="[1099,1204,1600,1623]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Exsertiana</emphasis>
Bourguignat, 1883
</taxonomicName>
[
<typeStatus id="FD4E8804FF8C867CFA4A4B71FA40B536" box="[1425,1474,1600,1624]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
species
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8C867CFC524B6EFAEBB519" authority="Martens, 1866" authorityName="Martens" authorityYear="1866" box="[905,1385,1631,1655]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Limnaeus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="natalensis" variety="exsertus">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8C867CFC524B6EFBCCB519" box="[905,1102,1631,1655]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Limnaeus natalensis</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8C867CFB5A4B6EFB4DB518" box="[1153,1231,1631,1654]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">exsertus</emphasis>
Martens, 1866
</taxonomicName>
=
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8C867CFA5C4B6EFBCEB5F8" authority="(Krauss, 1848)" baseAuthorityName="Krauss" baseAuthorityYear="1848" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="natalensis">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8C867CFA5C4B6EFC1AB5F8" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Radix natalensis</emphasis>
(Krauss, 1848)
</taxonomicName>
]. The latter subgenus is restricted to tropical regions of the Old World (
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8C867CFB044BACFA33B5DB" author="Vinarski MV &amp; Aksenova OV &amp; Bolotov IN" box="[1247,1457,1693,1717]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="577 - 608" refId="ref20895" refString="Vinarski MV, Aksenova OV, Bolotov IN. Taxonomic assessment of genetically-delineated species of radicine snails (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Lymnaeidae). Zoosystematics and Evolution 2020; 96: 577 - 608. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zse. 96.52860" type="journal article" year="2020">
Vinarski
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8C867CFAE44BAFFAF1B5DB" box="[1343,1395,1693,1717]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
). According to various authors, the genus includes two (
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8C867CFA834B8CFCEFB59A" author="Jackiewicz M" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 93" refId="ref18505" refString="Jackiewicz M. European species of the family Lymnaeidae (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Basommatophora). Genus 1998; 9: 1 - 93." type="journal article" year="1998">Jackiewicz 1998</bibRefCitation>
) or&gt;40 (
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8C867CFC0D4BEDFBE6B59A" author="Kruglov ND" box="[982,1124,1756,1780]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref18756" refString="Kruglov ND. Lymnaeid Snails of Europe and Northern Asia. Smolensk: Smolensk State Pedagogical University Press, 2005." type="book" year="2005">Kruglov 2005</bibRefCitation>
) species. However, the validity of many nominal species of
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8C867CFBEE4BCAFBF3B47D" authorityName="Montfort, 1810 Montfort" authorityYear="1810" box="[1077,1137,1787,1811]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8C867CFBEE4BCAFBF3B47D" box="[1077,1137,1787,1811]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Radix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has recently been rejected as a result of several integrative taxonomic studies (
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8C867CFADB4A2AFA3EB45D" author="Bolotov I &amp; Bespalaya Y &amp; Aksenova O" box="[1280,1468,1819,1843]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="585 - 93" refId="ref17683" refString="Bolotov I, Bespalaya Y, Aksenova O et al. A taxonomic revision of two local endemic Radix spp. (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) from Khodutka geothermal area, Kamchatka, Russian Far East. Zootaxa 2014; 3869: 585 - 93. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3869.5.9" type="journal article" year="2014">
Bolotov
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8C867CFA8D4A2AFA07B45D" box="[1366,1413,1819,1843]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8C867CFCE24A0BFB84B43C" author="Aksenova OV &amp; Vinarski MV &amp; Bolotov IN" box="[825,1030,1850,1874]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="5 - 27" refId="ref17365" refString="Aksenova OV, Vinarski MV, Bolotov IN et al. An overview of Radix species of the Kamchatka Peninsula (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae). Bulletin of the Russian Far Eastern Malacological Society 2016; 20: 5 - 27." type="journal article" year="2016">
Aksenova
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8C867CFC7A4A0AFC4DB43C" box="[929,975,1850,1874]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8C867CFBCB4A0BFBC6B43C" author="Aksenova O &amp; Vinarski M &amp; Bolotov I" box="[1040,1092,1850,1874]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="298 - 309" refId="ref17407" refString="Aksenova O, Vinarski M, Bolotov I et al. Two Radix spp. (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) endemic to thermal springs around Lake Baikal represent ecotypes of the widespread Radix auricularia. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 2017; 55: 298 - 309. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jzs. 12174" type="journal article" year="2017">2017</bibRefCitation>
). The exact number of valid species of
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8C867CFCE34A68FCF6B41F" authorityName="Montfort, 1810 Montfort" authorityYear="1810" box="[824,884,1881,1905]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8C867CFCE34A68FCF6B41F" box="[824,884,1881,1905]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Radix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
remains unknown. This genus is represented in the study region by three species, which renders it one of the most species-rich lymnaeid genera of
<collectingCountry id="5AE27636FF8C867CFBE54AA9FB1CB4DE" box="[1086,1182,1944,1968]" name="China" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">East Asia</collectingCountry>
and Alaska. Of these three species,
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8D867DFF1C4B4EFDADB5F9" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[199,559,1663,1687]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="auricularia">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8D867DFF1C4B4EFEF4B5F9" box="[199,374,1663,1687]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Radix auricularia</emphasis>
(Linnaeus, 1758)
</taxonomicName>
has the widest geographical range, being found in most of Europe, northern and central Asia, northern Africa, and northern America (
<figureCitation id="BACE2A23FF8D867DFD7D4B8FFD70B5B8" box="[678,754,1726,1750]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="13.[114,179,1395,1419]" captionTargetBox="[125,1456,158,1362]" captionTargetId="figure-233@13.[114,1461,144,1368]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 5. Shells of the Amphipepleinae species. A, Radix auricularia (Russia, Khabarovsk City, a pond in the city park; LMBI). B, Radix coreana syn. nov., a syntype (ZMB; after Vinarski 2016). C, Radix cf.hamadai (Japan, Hokkaido, Matsumae; LMBI). D, Radix japonica (Japan, Yeddo; SMF).E, R. japonica (Japan, Yokohama; SMF). F, R. japonica (original drawing after Jay 1857). G, Radix onychia (Japan, Lake Biwa, southern shore near Otsu; ZIN). H, Orientogalba ollula (Russia, Primorye Territory, near Possiet Settlement; ZIN). I, Radix plicatula [Taiwan (= ‘Formosa’); MNHN]. J, Radix plicatula [East China (‘Manchouria, Port-Artur’); MNHN]. K, Kamtschaticana kamtschatica, the lectotype (ZIN). L, K. kamtschatica (Russia, Kamchatka, the Valley of Geysers).M, Kamtschaticana sp.1 (Russia, Kamchatka Peninsula, Lake Azabachye). Scale bars: 1 mm in K; 2 mm in G, H, L, M; 5 mm in A–E, I, J; not given in the original drawing in F. Photographs:Maxim V. Vinarski (A–E, G–J), Tatiana Ya.Sitnikova (K), and Olga V. Aksenova (L, M)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13772615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13772615/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="6F77031DFF8D867DFFAA4BECFF39B59B" box="[113,187,1757,1781]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="14.[111,166,632,657]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Table 3. Species richness of the native pond snails (Lymnaeidae) in the East Asia and Alaska." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/768A662EFF8E867EFFB44F49FC5BB1FF" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" tableUuid="768A662EFF8E867EFFB44F49FC5BB1FF">Table 3</tableCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8D867DFF144BECFEE6B59B" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[207,356,1757,1781]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="plicatula">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8D867DFF144BECFEE6B59B" box="[207,356,1757,1781]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Radix plicatula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a Far Eastern species; its range extends to
<collectingCountry id="5AE27636FF8D867DFF574BCCFF61B47B" box="[140,227,1789,1813]" name="Vietnam" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="5AE27636FF8D867DFECC4BCCFEE3B47B" box="[279,353,1789,1813]" name="Taiwan" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
in the south (
<figureCitation id="BACE2A23FF8D867DFE234BCCFDCDB47A" box="[504,591,1789,1813]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="13.[114,179,1395,1419]" captionTargetBox="[125,1456,158,1362]" captionTargetId="figure-233@13.[114,1461,144,1368]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 5. Shells of the Amphipepleinae species. A, Radix auricularia (Russia, Khabarovsk City, a pond in the city park; LMBI). B, Radix coreana syn. nov., a syntype (ZMB; after Vinarski 2016). C, Radix cf.hamadai (Japan, Hokkaido, Matsumae; LMBI). D, Radix japonica (Japan, Yeddo; SMF).E, R. japonica (Japan, Yokohama; SMF). F, R. japonica (original drawing after Jay 1857). G, Radix onychia (Japan, Lake Biwa, southern shore near Otsu; ZIN). H, Orientogalba ollula (Russia, Primorye Territory, near Possiet Settlement; ZIN). I, Radix plicatula [Taiwan (= ‘Formosa’); MNHN]. J, Radix plicatula [East China (‘Manchouria, Port-Artur’); MNHN]. K, Kamtschaticana kamtschatica, the lectotype (ZIN). L, K. kamtschatica (Russia, Kamchatka, the Valley of Geysers).M, Kamtschaticana sp.1 (Russia, Kamchatka Peninsula, Lake Azabachye). Scale bars: 1 mm in K; 2 mm in G, H, L, M; 5 mm in A–E, I, J; not given in the original drawing in F. Photographs:Maxim V. Vinarski (A–E, G–J), Tatiana Ya.Sitnikova (K), and Olga V. Aksenova (L, M)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13772615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13772615/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 5I, J</figureCitation>
). In
<collectingCountry id="5AE27636FF8D867DFD5F4BCCFD3FB47A" box="[644,701,1789,1812]" name="Japan" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Japan</collectingCountry>
it has been recorded from
<collectingRegion id="E031F844FF8D867DFE9C4A2DFE2CB45A" box="[327,430,1820,1844]" country="Japan" name="Hokkaido" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Hokkaido</collectingRegion>
Island to
<collectingRegion id="E031F844FF8D867DFDCD4A2DFDF0B45A" box="[534,626,1820,1844]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
Island (
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8D867DFD1C4A2DFF5FB43D" author="Saito T &amp; Hirano T &amp; Ye B" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="18446 - 59" refId="ref20086" refString="Saito T, Hirano T, Ye B et al. A comprehensive phylogeography of the widespread pond snail genus Radix revealed restricted colonization due to niche conservatism. Ecology and Evolution 2021; 11: 18446 - 59. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / ece 3.8434" type="journal article" year="2021">
Saito
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8D867DFFAA4A0DFF21B43D" box="[113,163,1851,1875]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
; see Supporting Information, Dataset S2). We have examined two lots of ‘syntypes’ of
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8D867DFE1C4A6AFD79B41D" authority="Ehrmann" authorityName="Ehrmann" box="[455,763,1883,1907]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Limnaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Basommatophora" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="okinawensis">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8D867DFE1C4A6AFD16B41D" box="[455,660,1883,1907]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Limnaea okinawensis</emphasis>
Ehrmann
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8D867DFFA74A4AFE84B4FC" box="[124,262,1914,1938]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">nomen nudum</emphasis>
inJacobi 1898: S. 85) kept in
<collectionCode id="44E4AE63FF8D867DFDF04A4BFDDDB4FC" box="[555,607,1914,1938]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">SMF</collectionCode>
. Unfortunately,
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8D867DFFAB4AA8FE81B4DF" author="Jacobi A" box="[112,259,1945,1969]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 102" refId="ref18531" refString="Jacobi A. Japanische beschalte Pulmonaten. Anatomische Untersuchung des in zoologisches Museum der Kaiserlichen Universitat in Tokyo enthaltenes Materiales, I. Journal of the College of Science 1898; 12: 1 - 102." type="journal article" year="1898">Jacobi (1898)</bibRefCitation>
, who provided a rather detailed description of the soft-body anatomy of this snail, did not illustrate the shell. Most probably, these specimens represent
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8D867DFB2A4BAEFAE5B5D9" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[1265,1383,1695,1719]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="plicatula">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8D867DFB2A4BAEFAE5B5D9" box="[1265,1383,1695,1719]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">R. plicatula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8D867DFAAC4BAEFCF7B5B8" baseAuthorityName="E. von Martens" baseAuthorityYear="1886" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="coreana">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8D867DFAAC4BAEFCF7B5B8" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Radix coreana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears to be a conchological form of
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8D867DFAD14B8EFAFEB5B8" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[1290,1404,1726,1750]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="plicatula">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8D867DFAD14B8EFAFEB5B8" box="[1290,1404,1726,1750]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">R. plicatula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Korean Peninsula (
<figureCitation id="BACE2A23FF8D867DFBC34BECFBE2B59B" box="[1048,1120,1757,1781]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="13.[114,179,1395,1419]" captionTargetBox="[125,1456,158,1362]" captionTargetId="figure-233@13.[114,1461,144,1368]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 5. Shells of the Amphipepleinae species. A, Radix auricularia (Russia, Khabarovsk City, a pond in the city park; LMBI). B, Radix coreana syn. nov., a syntype (ZMB; after Vinarski 2016). C, Radix cf.hamadai (Japan, Hokkaido, Matsumae; LMBI). D, Radix japonica (Japan, Yeddo; SMF).E, R. japonica (Japan, Yokohama; SMF). F, R. japonica (original drawing after Jay 1857). G, Radix onychia (Japan, Lake Biwa, southern shore near Otsu; ZIN). H, Orientogalba ollula (Russia, Primorye Territory, near Possiet Settlement; ZIN). I, Radix plicatula [Taiwan (= ‘Formosa’); MNHN]. J, Radix plicatula [East China (‘Manchouria, Port-Artur’); MNHN]. K, Kamtschaticana kamtschatica, the lectotype (ZIN). L, K. kamtschatica (Russia, Kamchatka, the Valley of Geysers).M, Kamtschaticana sp.1 (Russia, Kamchatka Peninsula, Lake Azabachye). Scale bars: 1 mm in K; 2 mm in G, H, L, M; 5 mm in A–E, I, J; not given in the original drawing in F. Photographs:Maxim V. Vinarski (A–E, G–J), Tatiana Ya.Sitnikova (K), and Olga V. Aksenova (L, M)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13772615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13772615/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
). It has also been recorded from the Russian Far East (
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8D867DFBDE4BCCFAA1B47B" author="Bogatov VV &amp; Zatravkin MN" box="[1029,1315,1789,1813]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref17645" refString="Bogatov VV, Zatravkin MN. Gastropod Molluscs of Fresh and Brackish Waters of the Far East of the USSR. A Guide. Vladivostok: Far Eastern Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1990." type="book" year="1990">Bogatov and Zatravkin 1990</bibRefCitation>
, Vinarski
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8D867DFA5D4BCCFA36B47B" box="[1414,1460,1789,1813]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
2016). Two further nominal species can be considered probable synonyms of
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8D867DFC6B4A0DFBA2B43D" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[944,1056,1851,1875]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="plicatula">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8D867DFC6B4A0DFBA2B43D" box="[944,1056,1851,1875]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">R. plicatula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<tableCitation id="6F77031DFF8D867DFBEB4A0AFBF8B43D" box="[1072,1146,1851,1875]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="7.[113,168,143,167]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Table 2. Taxonomic review of the pond snails (Lymnaeidae) from East Asia and Alaska." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/768A662EFF878677FFAA4DBEFC29B3C9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" tableUuid="768A662EFF878677FFAA4DBEFC29B3C9">Table 2</tableCitation>
). Among these,
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8D867DFAC44A0AFC22B41D" authority="(Jay, 1857)" baseAuthorityName="Jay" baseAuthorityYear="1857" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8D867DFAC44A0AFA30B43D" box="[1311,1458,1851,1875]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Radix japonica</emphasis>
(Jay, 1857)
</taxonomicName>
is the oldest available name. Its taxonomic identity, however, has remained obscure. Samples of Japanese lymnaeids that are labelled as ‘
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8D867DFBDD4AABFB3CB4DF" authorityName="Jay" authorityYear="1857" box="[1030,1214,1946,1969]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Lymnaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8D867DFBDD4AABFB3CB4DF" box="[1030,1214,1946,1969]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Lymnaea japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ or ‘
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8D867DFB2E4AA8FA0CB4DF" baseAuthorityName="Jay" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[1269,1422,1945,1969]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8D867DFB2E4AA8FA0CB4DF" box="[1269,1422,1945,1969]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Radix japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ in European zoological museums are rather heterogeneous. Some of them apparently belong to
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8F867FFE434D81FD9DB3A9" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[408,543,175,199]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="auricularia">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8F867FFE434D81FD9DB3A9" box="[408,543,175,199]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">R. auricularia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The original description (Jay 1857) depicts the shell of this species as almost ovoid, with rounded whorls and a drop-like aperture. We could identify some specimens of
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8F867FFEED4C3CFEF0B24B" authorityName="Montfort, 1810 Montfort" authorityYear="1810" box="[310,370,269,293]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8F867FFEED4C3CFEF0B24B" box="[310,370,269,293]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Radix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="5AE27636FF8F867FFE744C3FFE6AB24B" box="[431,488,270,293]" name="Japan" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Japan</collectingCountry>
externally approaching the original picture (see
<figureCitation id="BACE2A23FF8F867FFE9B4C1CFE20B22A" box="[320,418,300,325]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="13.[114,179,1395,1419]" captionTargetBox="[125,1456,158,1362]" captionTargetId="figure-233@13.[114,1461,144,1368]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 5. Shells of the Amphipepleinae species. A, Radix auricularia (Russia, Khabarovsk City, a pond in the city park; LMBI). B, Radix coreana syn. nov., a syntype (ZMB; after Vinarski 2016). C, Radix cf.hamadai (Japan, Hokkaido, Matsumae; LMBI). D, Radix japonica (Japan, Yeddo; SMF).E, R. japonica (Japan, Yokohama; SMF). F, R. japonica (original drawing after Jay 1857). G, Radix onychia (Japan, Lake Biwa, southern shore near Otsu; ZIN). H, Orientogalba ollula (Russia, Primorye Territory, near Possiet Settlement; ZIN). I, Radix plicatula [Taiwan (= ‘Formosa’); MNHN]. J, Radix plicatula [East China (‘Manchouria, Port-Artur’); MNHN]. K, Kamtschaticana kamtschatica, the lectotype (ZIN). L, K. kamtschatica (Russia, Kamchatka, the Valley of Geysers).M, Kamtschaticana sp.1 (Russia, Kamchatka Peninsula, Lake Azabachye). Scale bars: 1 mm in K; 2 mm in G, H, L, M; 5 mm in A–E, I, J; not given in the original drawing in F. Photographs:Maxim V. Vinarski (A–E, G–J), Tatiana Ya.Sitnikova (K), and Olga V. Aksenova (L, M)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13772615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13772615/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5D, E</figureCitation>
) and thus apply this species name to the
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8F867FFF6A4C7CFEA3B20A" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[177,289,332,356]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="plicatula">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8F867FFF6A4C7CFEA3B20A" box="[177,289,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">R. plicatula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clade revealed herein. However, the possibility that
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8F867FFF454C5AFE5BB2ED" authority="sensu Jay (1857)" authorityName="sensu Jay" authorityYear="1857" box="[158,473,363,388]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8F867FFF454C5AFEEAB2ED" box="[158,360,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Radix japonica sensu</emphasis>
Jay (1857)
</taxonomicName>
was, in fact, conspecific with
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8F867FFFAA4CBAFF7AB2CD" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[113,248,395,419]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="auricularia">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8F867FFFAA4CBAFF7AB2CD" box="[113,248,395,419]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">R. auricularia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cannot be ruled out. This makes
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8F867FFD934CBAFF5CB2AF" authority="Jay, 1857 a" authorityName="Jay" authorityYear="1857" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Lymnaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8F867FFD934CBAFD78B2CC" box="[584,762,395,418]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Lymnaea japonica</emphasis>
Jay, 1857 a
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8F867FFF3F4C9AFE1FB2AC" box="[228,413,426,450]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">taxon inquirendum</emphasis>
, and no conclusive decision on its true identity is possible.
</paragraph>
<caption id="768A662EFF8D867DFFA94842FCD2B53E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13772615" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13772615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13772615/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" startId="13.[114,179,1395,1419]" targetBox="[125,1456,158,1362]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="224A36A6FF8D867DFFA94842FAE6B6C9" blockId="13.[114,1451,1395,1616]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8D867DFFA94842FF48B6E2" bold="true" box="[114,202,1395,1420]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figure 5.</emphasis>
Shells of the
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8D867DFE9C4842FE66B6E5" authorityName="Pini" authorityYear="1877" box="[327,484,1395,1419]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Amphipepleinae">Amphipepleinae</taxonomicName>
species. A,
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8D867DFD8B4842FD73B6E5" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[592,753,1395,1419]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="auricularia">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8D867DFD8B4842FD73B6E5" box="[592,753,1395,1419]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Radix auricularia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Russia, Khabarovsk City, a pond in the city park; LMBI). B,
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8D867DFAEF4842FF3AB6C9" baseAuthorityName="E. von Martens" baseAuthorityYear="1886" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="coreana" status="syn. nov.">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8D867DFAEF4842FF3AB6C9" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Radix coreana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0BB257CFFF8D867DFF6648A1FE90B6C9" box="[189,274,1424,1448]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, a syntype (ZMB; after Vinarski 2016). C,
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8D867DFD7848BEFCC9B6C9" authorityName="Habe" authorityYear="1968" box="[675,843,1423,1447]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hamadai">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8D867DFD7848BEFD59B6C9" box="[675,731,1423,1447]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Radix</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8D867DFD2148BEFCC9B6C9" box="[762,843,1423,1447]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">hamadai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Japan, Hokkaido, Matsumae; LMBI). D,
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8D867DFB0748BEFAE6B6C9" authorityName="sensu Jay" authorityYear="1857" box="[1244,1380,1423,1447]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8D867DFB0748BEFAE6B6C9" box="[1244,1380,1423,1447]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Radix japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="224A36A6FF8D867DFFA9489DFCD2B53E" blockId="13.[114,1451,1395,1616]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
(Japan, Yeddo; SMF). E,
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8D867DFEBA489DFE44B6AD" authorityName="sensu Jay" authorityYear="1857" box="[353,454,1452,1475]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8D867DFEBA489DFE44B6AD" box="[353,454,1452,1475]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">R. japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Japan, Yokohama; SMF). F,
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8D867DFD04489DFCC6B6AD" authorityName="sensu Jay" authorityYear="1857" box="[735,836,1452,1475]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8D867DFD04489DFCC6B6AD" box="[735,836,1452,1475]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">R. japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(original drawing after Jay 1857). G,
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8D867DFB7A489AFAA1B6AD" baseAuthorityName="Westerlund" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[1185,1315,1451,1475]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="onychia">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8D867DFB7A489AFAA1B6AD" box="[1185,1315,1451,1475]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Radix onychia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Japan, Lake Biwa, southern shore near Otsu; ZIN). H,
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8D867DFDD948F6FD33B6B1" authorityName="Streams" baseAuthorityName="Gould" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[514,689,1479,1503]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Orientogalba" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ollula">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8D867DFDD948F6FD33B6B1" box="[514,689,1479,1503]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Orientogalba ollula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Russia, Primorye Territory, near Possiet Settlement; ZIN). I,
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8D867DFB2648F6FA0AB6B1" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[1277,1416,1479,1503]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="plicatula">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8D867DFB2648F6FA0AB6B1" box="[1277,1416,1479,1503]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Radix plicatula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[Taiwan (= ‘Formosa’); MNHN]. J,
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8D867DFE1348D2FDD1B695" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[456,595,1507,1531]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="plicatula">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8D867DFE1348D2FDD1B695" box="[456,595,1507,1531]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Radix plicatula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[East China (‘Manchouria, Port-Artur’); MNHN]. K,
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8D867DFB8248D2FAE4B695" baseAuthorityName="Middendorff" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[1113,1382,1507,1531]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Kamtschaticana" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kamtschatica">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8D867DFB8248D2FAE4B695" box="[1113,1382,1507,1531]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Kamtschaticana kamtschatica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the lectotype (ZIN). L,
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8D867DFEEB4B31FE43B579" baseAuthorityName="Middendorff" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[304,449,1535,1559]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Kamtschaticana" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kamtschatica">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8D867DFEEB4B31FE43B579" box="[304,449,1535,1559]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">K. kamtschatica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Russia, Kamchatka, the Valley of Geysers). M,
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8D867DFC5D48CEFBD2B576" box="[902,1104,1535,1560]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Kamtschaticana" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undefined-1">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8D867DFC5D48CEFBA7B579" bold="true" box="[902,1061,1535,1559]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Kamtschaticana</emphasis>
sp.1
</taxonomicName>
(Russia, Kamchatka Peninsula, Lake Azabachye). Scale bars: 1 mm in K; 2 mm in G, H, L, M; 5 mm in A–E, I, J; not given in the original drawing in F. Photographs: Maxim V. Vinarski (A–E, G–J), Tatiana Ya. Sitnikova (K), and Olga V. Aksenova (L, M).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="768A662EFF8E867EFFB44F49FC5BB1FF" ID-Table-UUID="768A662EFF8E867EFFB44F49FC5BB1FF" box="[111,985,632,657]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/768A662EFF8E867EFFB44F49FC5BB1FF" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" startId="14.[111,166,632,657]" targetBox="[111,1941,678,1414]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="14" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="224A36A6FF8E867EFFB44F49FC5BB1FF" blockId="14.[111,985,632,657]" box="[111,985,632,657]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8E867EFFB44F49FF3FB1FF" bold="true" box="[111,189,632,657]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Table 3.</emphasis>
Species richness of the native pond snails (
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8E867EFD8B4F49FD49B1FF" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[592,715,632,657]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Lymnaeidae</taxonomicName>
) in the East Asia and Alaska.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="224A36A6FF8E867EFFB44F97F80BB6E8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<table id="50F5C406FF8E798FFFB44F97F817B6E8" box="[111,1941,678,1414]" gridcols="12" gridrows="19" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<tr id="9CC534E4FF8E798FFFB44F97F817B1D1" box="[111,1941,678,703]" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="DF145D98FF8E798FFFB44F97FD85B1D1" box="[111,519,678,703]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8E867EFFB44F97FF3BB1D1" bold="true" box="[111,185,678,703]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Species</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="DF145D98FF8E798FFDF34F97FDE2B1D1" box="[552,608,678,703]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8E867EFDF34F97FDE2B1D1" bold="true" box="[552,608,678,703]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">HON</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="DF145D98FF8E798FFD574F97FD41B1D1" box="[652,707,678,703]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8E867EFD574F97FD41B1D1" bold="true" box="[652,707,678,703]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">HOK</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="DF145D98FF8E798FFD234F97FCA9B1D1" box="[760,811,678,703]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8E867EFD234F97FCA9B1D1" bold="true" box="[760,811,678,703]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">KOR</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="DF145D98FF8E798FFC5E4F97FC3FB1D1" box="[901,957,678,703]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8E867EFC5E4F97FC3FB1D1" bold="true" box="[901,957,678,703]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">AMU</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="DF145D98FF8E798FFBCC4F97FBC6B1D1" box="[1047,1092,678,703]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8E867EFBCC4F97FBC6B1D1" bold="true" box="[1047,1092,678,703]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">SAK</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="DF145D98FF8E798FFB454F97FB52B1D1" box="[1182,1232,678,703]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8E867EFB454F97FB52B1D1" bold="true" box="[1182,1232,678,703]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">KUR</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="DF145D98FF8E798FFAF14F97FADDB1D1" box="[1322,1375,678,703]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8E867EFAF14F97FADDB1D1" bold="true" box="[1322,1375,678,703]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">KAM</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="DF145D98FF8E798FFA614F97FA6EB1D1" box="[1466,1516,678,703]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8E867EFA614F97FA6EB1D1" bold="true" box="[1466,1516,678,703]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">KOL</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="DF145D98FF8E798FF99E4F97F9FEB1D1" box="[1605,1660,678,703]" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8E867EF99E4F97F9FEB1D1" bold="true" box="[1605,1660,678,703]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">OKH</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="DF145D98FF8E798FF90D4F97F88EB1D1" box="[1750,1804,678,703]" gridcol="10" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8E867EF90D4F97F88EB1D1" bold="true" box="[1750,1804,678,703]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">CHU</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="DF145D98FF8E798FF8BD4F97F817B1D1" box="[1894,1941,678,703]" gridcol="11" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8E867EF8BD4F97F817B1D1" bold="true" box="[1894,1941,678,703]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">ALA</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="9CC534E4FF8E798FFFB44FE7F817B181" box="[111,1941,726,751]" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="DF145D98FF8E798FFFB44FE7F817B181" box="[111,1941,726,751]" colspan="12" colspanRight="11" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8E867EFFB44FE7FD89B181" bold="true" box="[111,523,726,751]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Subfamily
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8E867EFF014FE7FD89B181" authority="Rafinesque, 1815" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[218,523,726,751]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Lymnaeinae">Lymnaeinae Rafinesque, 1815</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="9CC534E4FF8E798FFFB44FC6F817B07E" box="[111,1941,759,784]" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="DF145D98FF8E798FFFB44FC6FD85B07E" box="[111,519,759,784]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8E867EFF534FC6FE38B07E" authority="(Dall, 1884)" baseAuthorityName="Dall" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[136,442,759,784]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Dallirhytis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="atkaensis">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8E867EFF534FC6FEBDB07E" box="[136,319,759,784]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Dallirhytis atkaensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8E867EFE904FC6FE31B07E" author="Dall WH" box="[331,435,759,784]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="340 - 9" refId="ref18071" refString="Dall WH. Contributions to the history of Commander Islands. No. 3. Report on the Mollusca of the Commander Islands, Bering Sea, collected by Leonhard Stejneger in 1882 and 1883. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 1884; 7: 340 - 9. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.7 - 442.340" type="journal article" year="1884">Dall, 1884</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FF90D4FC6F88EB07E" box="[1750,1804,759,784]" gridcol="10" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1</td>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FF8BD4FC6F817B07E" box="[1894,1941,759,784]" gridcol="11" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9CC534E4FF8E798FFFB44E28F817B05C" box="[111,1941,793,818]" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="DF145D98FF8E798FFFB44E28FD85B05C" box="[111,519,793,818]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8E867EFF534E28FE94B05C" authorityName="Bolotov, Vinarski, Aksenova, Ohari &amp; Itagaki" authorityYear="2024" box="[136,278,793,818]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Galba" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pacifica">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8E867EFF534E28FE94B05C" bold="true" box="[136,278,793,818]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Galba pacifica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FFD574E28FD41B05C" box="[652,707,793,818]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1</td>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FFBCC4E28FBC6B05C" box="[1047,1092,793,818]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1</td>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FFB454E28FB52B05C" box="[1182,1232,793,818]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1</td>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FFAF14E28FADDB05C" box="[1322,1375,793,818]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9CC534E4FF8E798FFFB44E0AF817B03A" box="[111,1941,827,852]" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="DF145D98FF8E798FFFB44E0AFD85B03A" box="[111,519,827,852]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8E867EFF534E0AFE1AB03A" authority="(Lea, 1864)" authorityName="Aksenova &amp; Vinarski &amp; Itagaki &amp; Ohari &amp; Oshida &amp; Kim &amp; Lee &amp; Kondakov &amp; Khrebtova &amp; Soboleva &amp; Travina &amp; Sokolova &amp; Palatov &amp; Bespalaya &amp; Vikhrev &amp; Gofarov &amp; Bolotov" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Lea" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[136,408,827,852]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Walhiana" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="arctica" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8E867EFF534E0AFEA0B03A" box="[136,290,827,852]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Walhiana arctica</emphasis>
(Lea, 1864)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0BB257CFFF8E867EFE464E0AFD86B03A" box="[413,516,827,852]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</th>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FF8BD4E0AF817B03A" box="[1894,1941,827,852]" gridcol="11" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9CC534E4FF8E798FFFB44E6CF817B0FD" box="[111,1941,861,915]" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="DF145D98FF8E798FFFB44E6CFD85B0FD" box="[111,519,861,915]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8E867EFF534E6CFE45B018" authority="(Say, 1817)" authorityName="Aksenova &amp; Vinarski &amp; Itagaki &amp; Ohari &amp; Oshida &amp; Kim &amp; Lee &amp; Kondakov &amp; Khrebtova &amp; Soboleva &amp; Travina &amp; Sokolova &amp; Palatov &amp; Bespalaya &amp; Vikhrev &amp; Gofarov &amp; Bolotov" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1817" box="[136,455,861,886]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Walhiana" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="catascopium" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8E867EFF534E6CFED7B018" box="[136,341,861,886]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Walhiana catascopium</emphasis>
(Say, 1817)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0BB257CFFF8E867EFE174E6CFF33B0FD" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</th>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FFAF14E6CFADDB0FD" box="[1322,1375,861,915]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1</td>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FF90D4E6CF88EB0FD" box="[1750,1804,861,915]" gridcol="10" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1</td>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FF8BD4E6CF817B0FD" box="[1894,1941,861,915]" gridcol="11" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9CC534E4FF8E798FFFB44EADF817B0DB" box="[111,1941,924,949]" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="DF145D98FF8E798FFFB44EADFD85B0DB" box="[111,519,924,949]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8E867EFF534EADFE7AB0DB" authority="(Westerlund, 1897)" baseAuthorityName="Westerlund" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[136,504,924,949]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Ladislavella" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="liogyra">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8E867EFF534EADFEB5B0DB" box="[136,311,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ladislavella liogyra</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8E867EFE984EADFE73B0DB" author="Westerlund CA" box="[323,497,924,949]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="117 - 43" refId="ref21352" refString="Westerlund CA. Beitrage zur Molluskenfauna Russlands. Ezhegodnik Zoologicheskogo Muzeya Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk 1897; 2: 117 - 43." type="journal article" year="1897">Westerlund, 1897</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FFC5E4EADFC3FB0DB" box="[901,957,924,949]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1</td>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FFBCC4EADFBC6B0DB" box="[1047,1092,924,949]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9CC534E4FF8E798FFFB44E8FF817B0B9" box="[111,1941,958,983]" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="DF145D98FF8E798FFFB44E8FFD85B0B9" box="[111,519,958,983]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8E867EFF534E8FFE5FB0B9" authority="B. Dybowski, 1912" authorityName="B. Dybowski" authorityYear="1912" box="[136,477,958,983]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Lymnaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sorensis">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8E867EFF534E8FFEA7B0B9" box="[136,293,958,983]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Lymnaea sorensis</emphasis>
B.
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8E867EFE994E8FFE5FB0B9" author="Dybowski B" box="[322,477,958,983]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="165 - 218" refId="ref18162" refString="Dybowski B. Bemerkungen und Zusatze zu der Arbeit von Dr. W. Dybowski ' Mollusken der Uferregion des Baikalsees'. Annuaire du Musee Zoologique de l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de Saint- Petersbourg 1912; 17: 165 - 218." type="journal article" year="1912">Dybowski, 1912</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FFAF14E8FFADDB0B9" box="[1322,1375,958,983]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1</td>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FFA614E8FFA6EB0B9" box="[1466,1516,958,983]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9CC534E4FF8E798FFFB44ED1F817B097" box="[111,1941,992,1017]" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="DF145D98FF8E798FFFB44ED1F817B097" box="[111,1941,992,1017]" colspan="12" colspanRight="11" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8E867EFFB44ED1FE72B097" bold="true" box="[111,496,992,1017]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Subfamily
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8E867EFF014ED1FE01B097" authorityName="Pini" authorityYear="1877" box="[218,387,992,1017]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Amphipepleinae">Amphipepleinae</taxonomicName>
Pini, 1877
</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="9CC534E4FF8E798FFFB44933F817B756" box="[111,1941,1026,1080]" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
<th id="DF145D98FF8E798FFFB44933FDE2B756" box="[111,608,1026,1080]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8E867EFF534933FF41B756" authority="(Middendorff, 1850)" baseAuthorityName="Middendorff" baseAuthorityYear="1850" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Kamtschaticana" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kamtschatica">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8E867EFF534933FE17B775" box="[136,405,1026,1051]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Kamtschaticana kamtschatica</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8E867EFE7A4933FF39B756" author="Middendorff AT" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="108 - 12" refId="ref19349" refString="Middendorff AT. Beschreibung einiger neuer Mollusken-Arten, nebst einer Blicke auf den geographischen Charakter der Land- und Susswasser-Mollusken Nord-Asiens. Bulletin de la Classe Physicomathematique de l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St. - Petersbourg 1850; 9: 108 - 12." type="journal article" year="1850">Middendorff, 1850</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FFC5E4933FC3FB756" box="[901,957,1026,1080]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1</td>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FFAF14933FADDB756" box="[1322,1375,1026,1080]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1</td>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FFA614933FA6EB756" box="[1466,1516,1026,1080]" gridcol="8" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1</td>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FF99E4933F9FEB756" box="[1605,1660,1026,1080]" gridcol="9" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1</td>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FF90D4933F88EB756" box="[1750,1804,1026,1080]" gridcol="10" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1</td>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FF8BD4933F817B756" box="[1894,1941,1026,1080]" gridcol="11" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9CC534E4FF8E798FFFB44970F817B734" box="[111,1941,1089,1114]" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="DF145D98FF8E798FFFB44970FD85B734" box="[111,519,1089,1114]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8E867EFF534970FE0FB734" authorityName="Aksenova, Bolotov, Vinarski, Ohari &amp; Itagaki" authorityYear="2024" box="[136,397,1089,1114]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Kamtschaticana" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nipponica">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8E867EFF534970FE0FB734" bold="true" box="[136,397,1089,1114]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Kamtschaticana nipponica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FFD574970FD41B734" box="[652,707,1089,1114]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9CC534E4FF8E798FFFB44952F817B7F7" box="[111,1941,1123,1177]" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="DF145D98FF8E798FFFB44952FD85B7F7" box="[111,519,1123,1177]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8E867EFF534952FED0B712" box="[136,338,1123,1148]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Kamtschaticana" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undefined-1">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8E867EFF534952FEA5B712" bold="true" box="[136,295,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Kamtschaticana</emphasis>
sp.1
</taxonomicName>
(possible undescribed species)
</th>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FFBCC4952FBC6B7F7" box="[1047,1092,1123,1177]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1</td>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FFAF14952FADDB7F7" box="[1322,1375,1123,1177]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9CC534E4FF8E798FFFB44993F817B7D5" box="[111,1941,1186,1211]" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="DF145D98FF8E798FFFB44993FD85B7D5" box="[111,519,1186,1211]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8E867EFF534993FE1BB7D5" authorityName="Aksenova, Bolotov, Vinarski, Ohari &amp; Itagaki" authorityYear="2024" box="[136,409,1186,1211]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Orientogalba" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hokkaidoensis">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8E867EFF534993FE1BB7D5" bold="true" box="[136,409,1186,1211]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Orientogalba hokkaidoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FFDF34993FDE2B7D5" box="[552,608,1186,1211]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1</td>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FFD574993FD41B7D5" box="[652,707,1186,1211]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9CC534E4FF8E798FFFB449F5F817B7B3" box="[111,1941,1220,1245]" gridrow="13" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="DF145D98FF8E798FFFB449F5FD85B7B3" box="[111,519,1220,1245]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8E867EFF5349F5FE44B7B3" authority="(Gould, 1859)" authorityName="Streams" baseAuthorityName="Gould" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[136,454,1220,1245]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Orientogalba" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ollula">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8E867EFF5349F5FEB5B7B3" box="[136,311,1220,1245]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Orientogalba ollula</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8E867EFE9949F5FE3DB7B3" author="Gould AA" box="[322,447,1220,1245]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="161 - 5" refId="ref18251" refString="Gould AA. Descriptions of shells collected by the North Pacific exploring expedition. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 1859; 7: 161 - 5. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 4821" type="journal article" year="1859">Gould, 1859</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FFDF349F5FDE2B7B3" box="[552,608,1220,1245]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1</td>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FFD5749F5FD41B7B3" box="[652,707,1220,1245]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1</td>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FFD2349F5FCA9B7B3" box="[760,811,1220,1245]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1</td>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FFC5E49F5FC3FB7B3" box="[901,957,1220,1245]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9CC534E4FF8E798FFFB449D4F817B790" box="[111,1941,1253,1278]" gridrow="14" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="DF145D98FF8E798FFFB449D4FD85B790" box="[111,519,1253,1278]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8E867EFF5349D4FE51B790" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[136,467,1253,1278]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="auricularia">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8E867EFF5349D4FEABB790" box="[136,297,1253,1278]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Radix auricularia</emphasis>
(Linnaeus, 1758)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FFDF349D4FDE2B790" box="[552,608,1253,1278]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1</td>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FFD5749D4FD41B790" box="[652,707,1253,1278]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1</td>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FFD2349D4FCA9B790" box="[760,811,1253,1278]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1</td>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FFC5E49D4FC3FB790" box="[901,957,1253,1278]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1</td>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FFBCC49D4FBC6B790" box="[1047,1092,1253,1278]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1</td>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FFB4549D4FB52B790" box="[1182,1232,1253,1278]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1</td>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FFAF149D4FADDB790" box="[1322,1375,1253,1278]" gridcol="7" gridrow="14" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1</td>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FFA6149D4FA6EB790" box="[1466,1516,1253,1278]" gridcol="8" gridrow="14" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1</td>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FF99E49D4F9FEB790" box="[1605,1660,1253,1278]" gridcol="9" gridrow="14" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1</td>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FF90D49D4F88EB790" box="[1750,1804,1253,1278]" gridcol="10" gridrow="14" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1</td>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FF8BD49D4F817B790" box="[1894,1941,1253,1278]" gridcol="11" gridrow="14" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9CC534E4FF8E798FFFB44836F817B64E" box="[111,1941,1287,1312]" gridrow="15" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="DF145D98FF8E798FFFB44836FD85B64E" box="[111,519,1287,1312]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8E867EFF534836FE48B64E" authority="(Westerlund, 1883)" baseAuthorityName="Westerlund" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[136,458,1287,1312]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="onychia">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8E867EFF534836FE88B64E" box="[136,266,1287,1312]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Radix onychia</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8E867EFECE4836FE41B64E" author="Westerlund CA" box="[277,451,1287,1312]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="48 - 59" refId="ref21286" refString="Westerlund CA. Von der Vega-Expedition in Asien gesammelte Binnenmollusken. Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft 1883; 15: 48 - 59." type="journal article" year="1883">Westerlund, 1883</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FFDF34836FDE2B64E" box="[552,608,1287,1312]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9CC534E4FF8E798FFFB44818F817B62C" box="[111,1941,1321,1346]" gridrow="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="DF145D98FF8E798FFFB44818FD85B62C" box="[111,519,1321,1346]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8E867EFF534818FE2CB62C" authority="(Benson, 1842)" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[136,430,1321,1346]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="plicatula">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8E867EFF534818FE91B62C" box="[136,275,1321,1346]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Radix plicatula</emphasis>
(Benson, 1842)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FFDF34818FDE2B62C" box="[552,608,1321,1346]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1</td>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FFD574818FD41B62C" box="[652,707,1321,1346]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1</td>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FFD234818FCA9B62C" box="[760,811,1321,1346]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1</td>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FFC5E4818FC3FB62C" box="[901,957,1321,1346]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9CC534E4FF8E798FFFB4487AF817B60A" box="[111,1941,1355,1380]" gridrow="17" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="DF145D98FF8E798FFFB4487AFD85B60A" box="[111,519,1355,1380]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Total</th>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FFDF3487AFDE2B60A" box="[552,608,1355,1380]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">5</td>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FFD57487AFD41B60A" box="[652,707,1355,1380]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">6</td>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FFD23487AFCA9B60A" box="[760,811,1355,1380]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">3</td>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FFC5E487AFC3FB60A" box="[901,957,1355,1380]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">5</td>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FFBCC487AFBC6B60A" box="[1047,1092,1355,1380]" gridcol="5" gridrow="17" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">4</td>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FFB45487AFB52B60A" box="[1182,1232,1355,1380]" gridcol="6" gridrow="17" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">2</td>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FFAF1487AFADDB60A" box="[1322,1375,1355,1380]" gridcol="7" gridrow="17" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">6</td>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FFA61487AFA6EB60A" box="[1466,1516,1355,1380]" gridcol="8" gridrow="17" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">3</td>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FF99E487AF9FEB60A" box="[1605,1660,1355,1380]" gridcol="9" gridrow="17" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">2</td>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FF90D487AF88EB60A" box="[1750,1804,1355,1380]" gridcol="10" gridrow="17" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">4</td>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FF8BD487AF817B60A" box="[1894,1941,1355,1380]" gridcol="11" gridrow="17" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9CC534E4FF8E798FFFB4485CF817B6E8" box="[111,1941,1389,1414]" gridrow="18" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="DF145D98FF8E798FFFB4485CFD85B6E8" box="[111,519,1389,1414]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8E867EFFB4485CFF61B6E8" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[111,227,1389,1414]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Lymnaeinae">Lymnaeinae</taxonomicName>
vs.
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8E867EFEDD485CFE21B6E8" authorityName="Pini" authorityYear="1877" box="[262,419,1389,1414]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Amphipepleinae">Amphipepleinae</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FFDF3485CFDE2B6E8" box="[552,608,1389,1414]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0/5</td>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FFD57485CFD41B6E8" box="[652,707,1389,1414]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1/5</td>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FFD23485CFCA9B6E8" box="[760,811,1389,1414]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0/3</td>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FFC5E485CFC3FB6E8" box="[901,957,1389,1414]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1/4</td>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FFBCC485CFBC6B6E8" box="[1047,1092,1389,1414]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">2/2</td>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FFB45485CFB52B6E8" box="[1182,1232,1389,1414]" gridcol="6" gridrow="18" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1/1</td>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FFAF1485CFADDB6E8" box="[1322,1375,1389,1414]" gridcol="7" gridrow="18" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">3/3</td>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FFA61485CFA6EB6E8" box="[1466,1516,1389,1414]" gridcol="8" gridrow="18" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1/2</td>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FF99E485CF9FEB6E8" box="[1605,1660,1389,1414]" gridcol="9" gridrow="18" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0/2</td>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FF90D485CF88EB6E8" box="[1750,1804,1389,1414]" gridcol="10" gridrow="18" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">2/2</td>
<td id="DF145D98FF8E798FF8BD485CF817B6E8" box="[1894,1941,1389,1414]" gridcol="11" gridrow="18" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">3/2</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="224A36A6FF8E867EFFB44890FC34B6A5" blockId="14.[111,1923,1441,1483]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<tableNote id="DF133728FF8E867EFFB44890FC34B6A5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" targetBox="[111,1941,678,1414]" targetPageId="14">An empty cell indicates the absence of the species in a given area.Distribution areas:ALA, Alaska;AMU,Amur River basin and Primorye;CHU,Chukchi Peninsula; HOK,Hokkaido; HON, Honshu;ḎM, Kamchatka Peninsula;KOL, Kolyma Highlands; KOR,Korean Peninsula; KUR,Kurile Archipelago; OKH, Okhotsk Sea Coast;SAK,Sakhalin Island.</tableNote>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="224A36A6FF8F867FFF564CD8FE45B73A" blockId="15.[113,763,144,1108]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8F867FFF564CD8FEA6B16F" ID-CoL="4R9FV" authorityName="Habe" authorityYear="1968" box="[141,292,489,513]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hamadai">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8F867FFF564CD8FEA6B16F" box="[141,292,489,513]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Radix hamadai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a species with a very peculiar conchology, was described from
<collectingCountry id="5AE27636FF8F867FFECB4F39FECBB171" box="[272,329,520,543]" name="Japan" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Japan</collectingCountry>
(Ohta Prefecture, Kyushu Island). Despite its extreme external dissimilarity to typical representatives of
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8F867FFFAA4F76FF61B131" ID-CoL="4R9HK" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[113,227,583,607]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="plicatula">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8F867FFFAA4F76FF61B131" box="[113,227,583,607]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">R. plicatula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, our results show that this taxon might represent an ecophenotypic morph of
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8F867FFE584F56FE7BB110" ID-CoL="4R9HK" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[387,505,614,638]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="plicatula">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8F867FFE584F56FE7BB110" box="[387,505,614,638]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">R. plicatula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Lymnaeid species with similar shells are known from other regions of Eurasia [i.e.
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8F867FFD654FB4FF2EB1D3" ID-CoL="4R9HQ" authorityName="Polinski" authorityYear="1929" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="relicta">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8F867FFD654FB4FF2EB1D3" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Radix relicta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Lake Skadar, Balkans;
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8F867FFE074F94FF33B1B2" ID-CoL="4R9H7" authority="(Westerlund, 1883)" baseAuthorityName="Westerlund" baseAuthorityYear="1883" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="onychia">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8F867FFE074F94FDE9B1D3" box="[476,619,677,701]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Radix onychia</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8F867FFDA04F94FF2AB1B2" author="Westerlund CA" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="48 - 59" refId="ref21286" refString="Westerlund CA. Von der Vega-Expedition in Asien gesammelte Binnenmollusken. Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft 1883; 15: 48 - 59." type="journal article" year="1883">Westerlund, 1883</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
from Lake Biwa,
<collectingCountry id="5AE27636FF8F867FFEBE4FF5FE21B1B5" box="[357,419,708,731]" name="Japan" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Japan</collectingCountry>
]. A specimen, identified by
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8F867FFD644FF5FF72B195" author="Ohari Y &amp; Hayashi K &amp; Mohanta UK" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="160 - 8" refId="ref19697" refString="Ohari Y, Hayashi K, Mohanta UK et al. Phylogenetic relationships between Lymnaeidae in relation to infection with Fasciola sp. in Hokkaido, Japan. Molluscan Research 2020; 40: 160 - 8. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 13235818.2020.1716497" type="journal article" year="2020">
Ohari
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8F867FFFAA4FD5FF23B195" box="[113,161,739,763]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
(2020)
</bibRefCitation>
as
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8F867FFECA4FD5FE1BB195" ID-CoL="78S5G" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[273,409,739,763]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="auricularia">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8F867FFECA4FD5FE1BB195" box="[273,409,739,763]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">R. auricularia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with Ra03 haplotype, has peculiar conchological traits (see
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8F867FFEB44E32FD95B075" author="Ohari Y &amp; Hayashi K &amp; Mohanta UK" box="[367,535,771,795]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="160 - 8" refId="ref19697" refString="Ohari Y, Hayashi K, Mohanta UK et al. Phylogenetic relationships between Lymnaeidae in relation to infection with Fasciola sp. in Hokkaido, Japan. Molluscan Research 2020; 40: 160 - 8. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 13235818.2020.1716497" type="journal article" year="2020">
Ohari
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8F867FFE6B4E32FE5DB075" box="[432,479,771,795]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 2, E1–E2), which differentiate it clearly from the typical
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8F867FFDD54E12FD18B054" ID-CoL="78S5G" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[526,666,802,826]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="auricularia">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8F867FFDD54E12FD18B054" box="[526,666,802,826]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">R. auricularia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Its shell shape and proportions are more similar to those of
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8F867FFD594E73FD77B037" ID-CoL="4R9FV" authorityName="Habe" authorityYear="1968" box="[642,757,833,857]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hamadai">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8F867FFD594E73FD77B037" box="[642,757,833,857]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">R. hamadai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and this specimen has been identified tentatively as
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8F867FFD464E50FF4AB0F6" ID-CoL="4R9FV" authorityName="Habe" authorityYear="1968" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hamadai">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8F867FFD464E50FD5BB017" box="[669,729,865,889]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Radix</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8F867FFFAA4EB1FF4AB0F6" box="[113,200,896,920]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">hamadai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
during this study. However, the molecular data on the topotypic specimens of
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8F867FFEBC4E91FE59B0D9" ID-CoL="4R9FV" authorityName="Habe" authorityYear="1968" box="[359,475,927,951]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hamadai">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8F867FFEBC4E91FE59B0D9" box="[359,475,927,951]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">R. hamadai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
remain inaccessible, and we have no direct evidence that the studied specimen is conspecific with
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8F867FFF7C4EEEFE9FB098" ID-CoL="4R9FV" authorityName="Habe" authorityYear="1968" box="[167,285,990,1014]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hamadai">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8F867FFF7C4EEEFE9FB098" box="[167,285,990,1014]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">R. hamadai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Kyushu Island. Nonetheless, our results show that
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8F867FFF044ECFFED0B77B" ID-CoL="4R9HK" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[223,338,1021,1045]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="plicatula">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8F867FFF044ECFFED0B77B" box="[223,338,1021,1045]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">R. plicatula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can develop a peculiar shell morphology resembling that of
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8F867FFEF6492CFE1DB75B" ID-CoL="4R9FV" authorityName="Habe" authorityYear="1968" box="[301,415,1053,1077]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hamadai">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8F867FFEF6492CFE1DB75B" box="[301,415,1053,1077]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">R. hamadai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The taxonomic status of the latter species needs additional research.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6AEF652DFF8F867FFFAA4944FD1BB665" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="224A36A6FF8F867FFFAA4944FD1BB665" blockId="15.[113,763,1141,1291]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8F867FFFAA4944FEB7B7E3" box="[113,309,1141,1165]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Distribution:
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8F867FFF224944FEB7B7E3" authorityName="Montfort, 1810 Montfort" authorityYear="1810" box="[249,309,1141,1165]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Radix</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is widely distributed in Eurasia and Africa but absent from
<collectingCountry id="5AE27636FF8F867FFEFB49A4FEF9B7C3" box="[288,379,1173,1197]" name="Australia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Australia</collectingCountry>
and South America (
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8F867FFD8549A4FF27B7A2" author="Aksenova OV &amp; Bolotov IN &amp; Gofarov MY" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref17236" refString="Aksenova OV, Bolotov IN, Gofarov MY et al. Species richness, molecular taxonomy and biogeography of the radicine pond snails (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) in the Old World. Scientific Reports 2018; 8: 11199. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41598 - 018 - 29451 - 1" type="journal volume" year="2018">
Aksenova
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8F867FFD1149A4FD79B7C3" box="[714,763,1173,1197]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8F867FFF6B4985FEF2B7A2" author="Vinarski MV &amp; Aksenova OV &amp; Bolotov IN" box="[176,368,1204,1228]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="577 - 608" refId="ref20895" refString="Vinarski MV, Aksenova OV, Bolotov IN. Taxonomic assessment of genetically-delineated species of radicine snails (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Lymnaeidae). Zoosystematics and Evolution 2020; 96: 577 - 608. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zse. 96.52860" type="journal article" year="2020">
Vinarski
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8F867FFED14984FEBAB7A2" box="[266,312,1204,1228]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
). One species (
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8F867FFDCB4984FD1AB7A2" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[528,664,1204,1228]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="auricularia">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8F867FFDCB4984FD1AB7A2" box="[528,664,1204,1228]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">R. auricularia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) is native to Alaska, while its European lineage was introduced elsewhere in North America (
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8F867FFEED49C2FE2FB665" author="Burch JB" box="[310,429,1267,1291]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref17812" refString="Burch JB. North American Freshwater Snails. Hamburg, MI: Malacological Publications, 1989." type="book" year="1989">Burch 1989</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8F867FFE6349C2FD0AB665" author="Aksenova OV &amp; Bolotov IN &amp; Gofarov MY" box="[440,648,1267,1291]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref17236" refString="Aksenova OV, Bolotov IN, Gofarov MY et al. Species richness, molecular taxonomy and biogeography of the radicine pond snails (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) in the Old World. Scientific Reports 2018; 8: 11199. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41598 - 018 - 29451 - 1" type="journal volume" year="2018">
Aksenova
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8F867FFDFA49C2FDD2B665" box="[545,592,1267,1291]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:date id="BB982AA3D4403BF840FBB5226236DD9A">2024</mods:date>
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<paragraph id="224A36A6FF8F867FFCBF4CB2FAFBB2F3" blockId="15.[810,1401,387,450]" box="[868,1401,387,414]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8F867FFCBF4CB2FAFBB2F3" bold="true" box="[868,1401,387,414]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Genus
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<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8F867FFC754CB2FBB6B2F0" bold="true" box="[942,1076,387,414]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Orientogalba</emphasis>
Kruglov &amp; Starobogatov, 1985
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</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="6AEF652DFF8F867FFCF14C9BFB18B2AC" box="[810,1178,426,450]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="224A36A6FF8F867FFCF14C9BFB18B2AC" blockId="15.[810,1401,387,450]" box="[810,1178,426,450]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8F867FFCF14C9BFB17B2AC" author="Kruglov ND &amp; Starobogatov YI" box="[810,1173,426,450]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="24 - 35" refId="ref18855" refString="Kruglov ND, Starobogatov YI. The volume of the subgenus Galba and of other similar subgenera of the genus Lymnaea (Gastropoda, Pulmonata). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 1985 b; 64: 24 - 35." type="journal article" year="1985">Kruglov &amp; Starobogatov, 1985b: 28</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="224A36A6FF8F867FFCF14CD5FC32B175" blockId="15.[810,1459,483,539]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8F867FFCF14CD5FC27B295" box="[810,933,484,507]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<typeStatus id="FD4E8804FF8F867FFCF14CD5FCD8B295" box="[810,858,484,507]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Type</typeStatus>
species:
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8F867FFC724CD5FAB4B295" authority="Lazareva, 1967" authorityName="Lazareva" authorityYear="1967" box="[937,1334,483,507]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Lymnaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="heptapotamica">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8F867FFC724CD5FB1BB295" box="[937,1177,483,507]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Lymnaea heptapotamica</emphasis>
Lazareva, 1967
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(by original designation).
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<subSubSection id="6AEF652DFF8F867FFCF14F0CFB57B0C9" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="224A36A6FF8F867FFCF14F0CFA8DB1BF" blockId="15.[809,1460,572,721]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8F867FFCF14F0CFC12B13A" box="[810,912,573,596]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Shell typically small (≤
<quantity id="E50D9B43FF8F867FFBA14F0DFB46B13D" box="[1146,1220,572,596]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
in height, rarely larger), ovoid, ovate-conical or high-conical. Whorls are visibly inflated, with aperture relatively enlarged. Prostate with a single internal fold. Praeputium sac-like; it is much wider and slightly longer than the penis sheath. The penial knot is absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="224A36A6FF8F867FFCF14FC2FB57B0C9" blockId="15.[810,1459,755,935]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8F867FFCF14FC2FC4FB065" box="[810,973,755,779]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Species richness:</emphasis>
The genus includes several nominal species, only some of which have been studied genetically (
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8F867FFA9E4E23FCF9B027" author="Vinarski MV &amp; Aksenova OV &amp; Bolotov IN" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="577 - 608" refId="ref20895" refString="Vinarski MV, Aksenova OV, Bolotov IN. Taxonomic assessment of genetically-delineated species of radicine snails (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Lymnaeidae). Zoosystematics and Evolution 2020; 96: 577 - 608. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zse. 96.52860" type="journal article" year="2020">
Vinarski
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8F867FFA794E22FCC1B027" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
). The East Asian Region is inhabited by the widespread
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8F867FFCF14E60FB04B006" authority="(Gould, 1859)" authorityName="Streams" baseAuthorityName="Gould" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[810,1158,848,873]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Orientogalba" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ollula">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8F867FFCF14E60FC6AB007" box="[810,1000,849,873]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Orientogalba ollula</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8F867FFC2E4E60FBFFB006" author="Gould AA" box="[1013,1149,848,873]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="161 - 5" refId="ref18251" refString="Gould AA. Descriptions of shells collected by the North Pacific exploring expedition. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 1859; 7: 161 - 5. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 4821" type="journal article" year="1859">Gould, 1859</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(for the account for this species, see
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8F867FFC5D4E41FBD2B0E6" author="Vinarski MV &amp; Aksenova OV &amp; Bolotov IN" box="[902,1104,880,904]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="577 - 608" refId="ref20895" refString="Vinarski MV, Aksenova OV, Bolotov IN. Taxonomic assessment of genetically-delineated species of radicine snails (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Lymnaeidae). Zoosystematics and Evolution 2020; 96: 577 - 608. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zse. 96.52860" type="journal article" year="2020">
Vinarski
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8F867FFC384E40FB97B0E6" box="[995,1045,880,904]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
) (
<figureCitation id="BACE2A23FF8F867FFBB54E41FB43B0E6" box="[1134,1217,880,904]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="10.[130,195,1678,1702]" captionTargetBox="[134,1471,149,1640]" captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[129,1476,145,1650]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 4. The copulatory apparatuses of the pond snails discussed in the taxonomic account. A, Dallirhytis atkaensis (Russia, the Chukchi Peninsula, Lake Vaaliuchio). B, Galba sibirica (Mongolia, the Teellin-gol River; after Vinarski et al. 2017b). C, Galba truncatula (Abkhazia, Gagra District, wet shore of Inkit Lake; after Vinarski et al.2017b). D, Ladislavella liogyra (Russia, Primorye, a pool near Lake Lebedinoye).E, Walhiana catascopium (Russia, Kamchatka, Azabachye Lake; RMBH). F, Lymnaea sorensis (Russia, Kamchatka, Kamchatka River; RMBH). G, Kamtschaticana kamtschatica (Russia, Magadan Region, a water reservoir; after Vinarski et al. 2021). H, Orientogalba ollula (Russia, Primorye Territory, near Possiet Settlement; after Kruglov 2005). I, Radix auricularia (Russia, Tyumen’ Region, Vylposl channel near Labytnangi Town). J, Radix plicatula (China, Bejing, an artificial pond in the former Emperor’s summer palace; after Vinarski et al. 2020). K, Radix cf.hamadai (Japan, Matsumae; after Vinarski et al. 2020). Scale bars: 1 mm.Photographs: Maxim V. Vinarski (A–D, G, I–K) and Olga V. Aksenova (E, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13772611" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13772611/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs 4H</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="BACE2A23FF8F867FFB144E41FB72B0E6" box="[1231,1264,880,904]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="13.[114,179,1395,1419]" captionTargetBox="[125,1456,158,1362]" captionTargetId="figure-233@13.[114,1461,144,1368]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 5. Shells of the Amphipepleinae species. A, Radix auricularia (Russia, Khabarovsk City, a pond in the city park; LMBI). B, Radix coreana syn. nov., a syntype (ZMB; after Vinarski 2016). C, Radix cf.hamadai (Japan, Hokkaido, Matsumae; LMBI). D, Radix japonica (Japan, Yeddo; SMF).E, R. japonica (Japan, Yokohama; SMF). F, R. japonica (original drawing after Jay 1857). G, Radix onychia (Japan, Lake Biwa, southern shore near Otsu; ZIN). H, Orientogalba ollula (Russia, Primorye Territory, near Possiet Settlement; ZIN). I, Radix plicatula [Taiwan (= ‘Formosa’); MNHN]. J, Radix plicatula [East China (‘Manchouria, Port-Artur’); MNHN]. K, Kamtschaticana kamtschatica, the lectotype (ZIN). L, K. kamtschatica (Russia, Kamchatka, the Valley of Geysers).M, Kamtschaticana sp.1 (Russia, Kamchatka Peninsula, Lake Azabachye). Scale bars: 1 mm in K; 2 mm in G, H, L, M; 5 mm in A–E, I, J; not given in the original drawing in F. Photographs:Maxim V. Vinarski (A–E, G–J), Tatiana Ya.Sitnikova (K), and Olga V. Aksenova (L, M)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13772615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13772615/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">5H</figureCitation>
) and the Japanese endemic
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8F867FFC5C4EA1FBA9B0C9" authorityName="Aksenova, Bolotov, Vinarski, Ohari &amp; Itagaki" authorityYear="2024" box="[903,1067,911,935]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Orientogalba" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hokkaidoensis">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8F867FFC5C4EA1FBA9B0C9" box="[903,1067,911,935]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">O. hokkaidoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="BACE2A23FF8F867FFBE04EBEFB23B0C9" box="[1083,1185,911,935]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="16.[128,193,1571,1595]" captionTargetBox="[130,1471,145,1539]" captionTargetId="figure-157@16.[129,1473,144,1543]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 6. Shells of the three lymnaeid species described here as new to science.A, Galba pacifica, the holotype. B, G. pacifica, a paratype (ZIN no.4/531-2021, a ditch near the Horokatomamu Stream). C, G. pacifica, a paratype (RMBH, no.MLym-1113/4, Naie Stream). D, Kamtschaticana nipponica, the holotype.E, K. nipponica, a paratype (RMBH, no. MLym-1115/3). F, K. nipponica, a paratype (RMBH, no. MLym-1115/1). G, Orientogalba hokkaidoensis, the holotype. H, O. hokkaidoensis, a paratype (Hikirichi Stream).I, O. hokkaidoensis, a paratype (RMBH, no. MLym-1114/2). Scale bars:5 mm. Photographs:Maxim V.Vinarski (A, B, D, G, H) and Olga V.Aksenova (C, E, F, I)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13772617" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13772617/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs 6G–I</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="BACE2A23FF8F867FFB704EBEFB48B0C9" box="[1195,1226,911,935]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="17.[113,178,877,901]" captionTargetBox="[116,1453,146,847]" captionTargetId="figure-461@17.[114,1458,144,849]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 7. Copulatory apparatuses of the three lymnaeid species described here as new to science. A, Galba pacifica, a paratype (RMBH, no.MLym-1113/4, Naie Stream), soft body and the copulatory apparatus. B, Kamtschaticana nipponica, a paratype (RMBH, no. MLym- 1115/1), soft body. C, Orientogalba hokkaidoensis, a paratype (RMBH, no. MLym-1114/2), soft body, female part of the reproductive system and the copulatory apparatus. Scale bars:1 mm (copulatory apparatuses and female reproductive system) and 5 mm (soft bodies). Photographs: Olga V. Aksenova." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13772621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13772621/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">7C</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6AEF652DFF8F867FFCF14EF8FADFB76E" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="224A36A6FF8F867FFCF14EF8FADFB76E" blockId="15.[810,1460,969,1024]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8F867FFCF14EF8FC2AB08F" box="[810,936,969,993]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Distribution:</emphasis>
East, Southeast, and Central Asia; Pacific Region. Introduced to some areas remote from the native range.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<mods:affiliation id="A41CD76E5A5A6AE9C50036E51DE6C270">N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nikolsky Avenue 20, 163020 Arkhangelsk, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="56A7524D82DF9A9F77D96DFD9D91A80A">N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nikolsky Avenue 20, 163020 Arkhangelsk, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="6AEF652DFF8F867FFF47481BFD52B62A" box="[156,720,1322,1349]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="224A36A6FF8F867FFF47481BFD52B62A" blockId="15.[113,720,1322,1385]" box="[156,720,1322,1349]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8F867FFF47481BFD52B62A" bold="true" box="[156,720,1322,1349]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Genus
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<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8F867FFF3D481BFE09B62B" bold="true" box="[230,395,1322,1349]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Kamtschaticana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8F867FFE54481BFD52B62A" author="Kruglov ND &amp; Starobogatov YI" box="[399,720,1322,1348]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="22 - 33" refId="ref18777" refString="Kruglov ND, Starobogatov YI. A contribution to the morphology and taxonomy of the subgenus Peregriana (Lymnaea, Gastropoda, Pulmonata) of the Asiatic part of the USSR and adjacent regions. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 1984; 63: 22 - 33." type="journal article" year="1984">Kruglov &amp; Starobogatov, 1984</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="224A36A6FF8F867FFFAA4860FE51B607" blockId="15.[113,720,1322,1385]" box="[113,467,1361,1385]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8F867FFFAA4860FE4DB607" author="Kruglov ND &amp; Starobogatov YI" box="[113,463,1361,1385]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="22 - 33" refId="ref18777" refString="Kruglov ND, Starobogatov YI. A contribution to the morphology and taxonomy of the subgenus Peregriana (Lymnaea, Gastropoda, Pulmonata) of the Asiatic part of the USSR and adjacent regions. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 1984; 63: 22 - 33." type="journal article" year="1984">Kruglov &amp; Starobogatov, 1984: 30</bibRefCitation>
.
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</subSubSection>
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<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8F867FFFAA48BAFF6CB6CC" box="[113,238,1419,1442]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<typeStatus id="FD4E8804FF8F867FFFAA48BAFF23B6CC" box="[113,161,1419,1442]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Type</typeStatus>
species:
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8F867FFF2E48BAFD26B6CC" authority="Middendorff, 1850" authorityName="Middendorff" authorityYear="1850" box="[245,676,1418,1442]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Lymneus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kamtschaticus">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8F867FFF2E48BAFE59B6CC" box="[245,475,1418,1442]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Lymneus kamtschaticus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8F867FFE3B48BBFD26B6CC" author="Middendorff AT" box="[480,676,1418,1442]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="108 - 12" refId="ref19349" refString="Middendorff AT. Beschreibung einiger neuer Mollusken-Arten, nebst einer Blicke auf den geographischen Charakter der Land- und Susswasser-Mollusken Nord-Asiens. Bulletin de la Classe Physicomathematique de l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St. - Petersbourg 1850; 9: 108 - 12." type="journal article" year="1850">Middendorff, 1850</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(by original designation).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8F867FFFAA48D2FF55B694" box="[113,215,1507,1530]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Shell typically small (≤
<quantity id="E50D9B43FF8F867FFE1A48D2FD89B694" box="[449,523,1507,1531]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
in height, rarely larger), spheroid to ovate-conical, with low spire and conspicuously inflated body whorl. Whorls are visibly convex and rounded. Prostate with a single internal fold. Praeputium dark-pigmented, sac-like; it is much wider than the penis sheath. The ratio of the lengths of these structures slightly exceeds 1.0 (i.e. praeputium is slightly longer than penis sheath). The penial knot is absent. The spermathecal duct is short.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8F867FFFAA4BC9FE91B461" box="[113,275,1783,1807]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Species richness:</emphasis>
In addition to the
<typeStatus id="FD4E8804FF8F867FFE304BC9FD9BB47E" box="[491,537,1784,1808]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">type</typeStatus>
species, we describe another species herein,
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8F867FFEB34A26FE65B440" authorityName="Aksenova, Bolotov, Vinarski, Ohari &amp; Itagaki" authorityYear="2024" box="[360,487,1815,1838]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Kamtschaticana" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nipponica">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8F867FFEB34A26FE65B440" box="[360,487,1815,1838]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">K. nipponica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. We found another candidate species in Lake Azabachye in
<collectingRegion id="E031F844FF8F867FFE0E4A07FDCEB420" box="[469,588,1846,1870]" country="Russia" name="Kamchatka" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Kamchatka</collectingRegion>
. However, this is known from only a single sequenced specimen, and we refrain from its description but refer to it as
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8F867FFE2C4A44FD40B4E3" box="[503,706,1909,1933]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Kamtschaticana" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undefined-1">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8F867FFE2C4A44FD17B4E3" box="[503,661,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Kamtschaticana</emphasis>
sp.1
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="BACE2A23FF8F867FFD0F4A44FF17B4C2" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="13.[114,179,1395,1419]" captionTargetBox="[125,1456,158,1362]" captionTargetId="figure-233@13.[114,1461,144,1368]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 5. Shells of the Amphipepleinae species. A, Radix auricularia (Russia, Khabarovsk City, a pond in the city park; LMBI). B, Radix coreana syn. nov., a syntype (ZMB; after Vinarski 2016). C, Radix cf.hamadai (Japan, Hokkaido, Matsumae; LMBI). D, Radix japonica (Japan, Yeddo; SMF).E, R. japonica (Japan, Yokohama; SMF). F, R. japonica (original drawing after Jay 1857). G, Radix onychia (Japan, Lake Biwa, southern shore near Otsu; ZIN). H, Orientogalba ollula (Russia, Primorye Territory, near Possiet Settlement; ZIN). I, Radix plicatula [Taiwan (= ‘Formosa’); MNHN]. J, Radix plicatula [East China (‘Manchouria, Port-Artur’); MNHN]. K, Kamtschaticana kamtschatica, the lectotype (ZIN). L, K. kamtschatica (Russia, Kamchatka, the Valley of Geysers).M, Kamtschaticana sp.1 (Russia, Kamchatka Peninsula, Lake Azabachye). Scale bars: 1 mm in K; 2 mm in G, H, L, M; 5 mm in A–E, I, J; not given in the original drawing in F. Photographs:Maxim V. Vinarski (A–E, G–J), Tatiana Ya.Sitnikova (K), and Olga V. Aksenova (L, M)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13772615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13772615/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5M</figureCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8F867FFF714AA5FE02B4C2" author="Vinarski MV &amp; Aksenova OV &amp; Bespalaya YV" box="[170,384,1940,1964]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="44 - 59" refId="ref20828" refString="Vinarski MV, Aksenova OV, Bespalaya YV et al. One Beringian genus less: a re-assesment of Pacifimyxas Kruglov &amp; Starobogatov, 1985 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) questions the current estimates of Beringian biodiversity. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 2021; 59: 44 - 59. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jzs. 12411" type="journal article" year="2021">
Vinarski
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8F867FFEDF4AA4FEB0B4C2" box="[260,306,1940,1964]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
(2021)
</bibRefCitation>
provided additional detail on the taxonomy and species composition of
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8F867FFE024A82FDF5B4A5" authorityName="Kruglov &amp; Starobogatov" authorityYear="1984" box="[473,631,1971,1995]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Kamtschaticana" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8F867FFE024A82FDF5B4A5" box="[473,631,1971,1995]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Kamtschaticana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6AEF652DFF8F867FFCF14DA1FB5AB20A" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="224A36A6FF8F867FFCF14DA1FB5AB20A" blockId="15.[810,1459,144,356]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8F867FFCF14DA1FC2AB3C6" box="[810,936,144,168]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Distribution:</emphasis>
The
<typeStatus id="FD4E8804FF8F867FFC054DA1FB8EB3C6" box="[990,1036,144,168]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">type</typeStatus>
species,
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8F867FFBB14DA0FAA2B3C6" baseAuthorityName="Middendorff" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[1130,1312,144,168]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Kamtschaticana" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kamtschaticana">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8F867FFBB14DA0FAA2B3C6" box="[1130,1312,144,168]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">K. kamtschaticana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="BACE2A23FF8F867FFAEB4DA1FA03B3C6" box="[1328,1409,144,168]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="10.[130,195,1678,1702]" captionTargetBox="[134,1471,149,1640]" captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[129,1476,145,1650]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 4. The copulatory apparatuses of the pond snails discussed in the taxonomic account. A, Dallirhytis atkaensis (Russia, the Chukchi Peninsula, Lake Vaaliuchio). B, Galba sibirica (Mongolia, the Teellin-gol River; after Vinarski et al. 2017b). C, Galba truncatula (Abkhazia, Gagra District, wet shore of Inkit Lake; after Vinarski et al.2017b). D, Ladislavella liogyra (Russia, Primorye, a pool near Lake Lebedinoye).E, Walhiana catascopium (Russia, Kamchatka, Azabachye Lake; RMBH). F, Lymnaea sorensis (Russia, Kamchatka, Kamchatka River; RMBH). G, Kamtschaticana kamtschatica (Russia, Magadan Region, a water reservoir; after Vinarski et al. 2021). H, Orientogalba ollula (Russia, Primorye Territory, near Possiet Settlement; after Kruglov 2005). I, Radix auricularia (Russia, Tyumen’ Region, Vylposl channel near Labytnangi Town). J, Radix plicatula (China, Bejing, an artificial pond in the former Emperor’s summer palace; after Vinarski et al. 2020). K, Radix cf.hamadai (Japan, Matsumae; after Vinarski et al. 2020). Scale bars: 1 mm.Photographs: Maxim V. Vinarski (A–D, G, I–K) and Olga V. Aksenova (E, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13772611" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13772611/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs 4G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="BACE2A23FF8F867FFA564DA1FCBAB3A9" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="13.[114,179,1395,1419]" captionTargetBox="[125,1456,158,1362]" captionTargetId="figure-233@13.[114,1461,144,1368]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 5. Shells of the Amphipepleinae species. A, Radix auricularia (Russia, Khabarovsk City, a pond in the city park; LMBI). B, Radix coreana syn. nov., a syntype (ZMB; after Vinarski 2016). C, Radix cf.hamadai (Japan, Hokkaido, Matsumae; LMBI). D, Radix japonica (Japan, Yeddo; SMF).E, R. japonica (Japan, Yokohama; SMF). F, R. japonica (original drawing after Jay 1857). G, Radix onychia (Japan, Lake Biwa, southern shore near Otsu; ZIN). H, Orientogalba ollula (Russia, Primorye Territory, near Possiet Settlement; ZIN). I, Radix plicatula [Taiwan (= ‘Formosa’); MNHN]. J, Radix plicatula [East China (‘Manchouria, Port-Artur’); MNHN]. K, Kamtschaticana kamtschatica, the lectotype (ZIN). L, K. kamtschatica (Russia, Kamchatka, the Valley of Geysers).M, Kamtschaticana sp.1 (Russia, Kamchatka Peninsula, Lake Azabachye). Scale bars: 1 mm in K; 2 mm in G, H, L, M; 5 mm in A–E, I, J; not given in the original drawing in F. Photographs:Maxim V. Vinarski (A–E, G–J), Tatiana Ya.Sitnikova (K), and Olga V. Aksenova (L, M)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13772615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13772615/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">5K, L</figureCitation>
), is widely distributed in northeast Asia and in the Russian Far East and the southern parts of Eastern Siberia. The findings of this species from Alaska are also known (
<bibRefCitation id="46644B57FF8F867FFB004DDFFA20B268" author="Vinarski MV &amp; Aksenova OV &amp; Bespalaya YV" box="[1243,1442,238,262]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="44 - 59" refId="ref20828" refString="Vinarski MV, Aksenova OV, Bespalaya YV et al. One Beringian genus less: a re-assesment of Pacifimyxas Kruglov &amp; Starobogatov, 1985 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) questions the current estimates of Beringian biodiversity. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 2021; 59: 44 - 59. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jzs. 12411" type="journal article" year="2021">
Vinarski
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8F867FFAEC4DDEFAEAB268" box="[1335,1384,238,262]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
). With the description of
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8F867FFBF84C3FFB1DB24B" authorityName="Aksenova, Bolotov, Vinarski, Ohari &amp; Itagaki" authorityYear="2024" box="[1059,1183,270,293]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Kamtschaticana" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nipponica">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8F867FFBF84C3FFB1DB24B" box="[1059,1183,270,293]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">K. nipponica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the range of the genus extends to
<collectingCountry id="5AE27636FF8F867FFC5A4C1CFC38B22A" box="[897,954,301,324]" name="Japan" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="E031F844FF8F867FFC1D4C1CFBB2B22B" box="[966,1072,301,325]" country="Japan" name="Hokkaido" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Hokkaido</collectingRegion>
Island), although there are no records of
<taxonomicName id="E5F54D25FF8F867FFC9F4C7DFC60B20A" authorityName="Kruglov &amp; Starobogatov" authorityYear="1984" box="[836,994,332,356]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Kamtschaticana" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1081EAB4FF8F867FFC9F4C7DFC60B20A" box="[836,994,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Kamtschaticana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Kurile Islands.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>