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<document id="DC92446300B0B592CF2EF886C7240BDE" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.483.3.6" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5420976" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.metadata_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1630377801329" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Valdivia, María Isabel Villalba &amp; Gamarra, Luis Valenzuela" docDate="2021" docId="03B85766B17C9D2AFF11FDA00EB1FC98" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.483.3.6.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 483 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Ceroxylon ravenii Villalba &amp; L. Valenz. 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="274" masterDocId="FF812F1EB17E9D2DFF99FFDF0C26FA38" masterDocTitle="A new species of Ceroxylon (Arecaceae) from Cordillera Azul National Park - Peru" masterLastPageNumber="276" masterPageNumber="267" pageNumber="269" updateTime="1731425276879" updateUser="guilherme" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:mods id="0B24A55528703EB786F2CC3CEA6ED699" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="C759DCCE8F25D4C2E337EF42D9F4A2A3">
<mods:title id="B863B61EB8500769FA0D6986B36DC70B">A new species of Ceroxylon (Arecaceae) from Cordillera Azul National Park - Peru</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="DA6CB4CA328944DAE73E9EE8BF5F2A4C" type="personal">
<mods:role id="E96149A8DF843496FDA6D69F626BE7FC">
<mods:roleTerm id="DE30F62DB4EBB19C42AFA08A9C529FB6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="106654C8ECF2275AA40362F566B2BD26">Valdivia, María Isabel Villalba</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="0C743E5DE5A5581579EB7088D1A74094" type="ORCID">0000-0002-2311-6829</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="35246E4BFE52FE9C12E2835F90BB6E77">Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Prolongación Bolognesi Mz. E, Lote 6, Oxapampa - Pasco, Perú.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="D4F9177C9A99508337615F77C6E653CF" type="email">i.villalba.v@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="CC55BB7062C61DDE0EDFF76884804ED2">Gamarra, Luis Valenzuela</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1F695CC74CD3363FB662533A544827D2" type="ORCID">0000-0002-6191-0580</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="344970359570DD3F287B73C468F914CE">Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Prolongación Bolognesi Mz. E, Lote 6, Oxapampa - Pasco, Perú.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="0A155C3C081FE6CBDDD87EB2595D7214" type="email">luis_gin@yahoo.es</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="294E43E5E79541DE4CE9901876A703C0">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="186F3EA7A9DAA328A3A47831074E4B87">
<mods:title id="945C02E90E8C34C136A6B7C69D7EB52E">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="AE5E6BB51088D6E5128C2314568BBBC7">
<mods:date id="7598975EEA9EF24E23CE9116FCB54BF2">2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="5F77F6513AA2A1CB463CD8745429F1C0" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="9CE1AAD7CFB309C766E6DDAC25F1ADE3">2021-02-12</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="7F9DF68AE2ED02722FD1842C223A5332">483</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="7B49A0EDBF4CFFF2CEBC5BCC0209FE83">3</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="8217ACD4D66650041F5B187F86178E80" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E8C15300066630F9788C1B35CABEEAB9" type="Zenodo-Dep">5420976</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03B85766B17C9D2AFF11FDA00EB1FC98" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B85766B17C9D2AFF11FDA00EB1FC98" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B85766B17C9D2AFF11FDA00EB1FC98" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="274" pageId="2" pageNumber="269">
<subSubSection id="C30BB5FBB17C9D2FFF11FDA00933F8E6" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BAEE670B17C9D2FFF11FDA00933F8E6" blockId="2.[136,1452,639,734]" pageId="2" pageNumber="269">
<taxonomicName id="4C119DF3B17C9D2FFF11FDA00E33F8AE" ID-CoL="9V7GQ" authority="Villalba &amp; L. Valenz." authorityName="Villalba &amp; L. Valenz." authorityYear="2021" box="[136,533,639,662]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Ceroxylon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ravenii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9653A62B17C9D2FFF11FDA00D1DF8AD" bold="true" box="[136,315,639,661]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="269">Ceroxylon ravenii</emphasis>
Villalba &amp; L. Valenz.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2568719B17C9D2FFD86FD5F0E4CF8AD" box="[543,618,640,661]" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9653A62B17C9D2FFD86FD5F0E43F8AD" box="[543,613,640,661]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="269">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
<collectingMunicipality id="6BCA7C0AB17C9D2FFDE8FD5F0E85F8AD" box="[625,675,640,661]" pageId="2" pageNumber="269">Type</collectingMunicipality>
:—
<materialsCitation id="3B79EC2DB17C9D2FFD26FD5F0FEFF8E5" collectedFrom="low montane forest, clay-sandy soil" collectingDate="2017-10-23" collectionCode="HOXA" collectorName="L. Valenzuela &amp; J. Flores &amp; G. Shareva" country="Peru" county="Ucayali" elevation="1240" latitude="-6.9358444" location="Cordillera Azul National Park" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-75.97203" municipality="Pampa Hermosa" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Region Loreto" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="F306A6E0B17C9D2FFD26FD5F0ED9F8AD" box="[703,767,640,661]" name="Peru" pageId="2" pageNumber="269">PERU</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="49D52892B17C9D2FFC93FD5F0FBEF8AD" box="[778,920,640,662]" country="Peru" name="Loreto" pageId="2" pageNumber="269">Region Loreto</collectingRegion>
, Prov.
<collectingCounty id="62CF9EFCB17C9D2FFC45FD5F080FF8AE" box="[988,1065,640,662]" pageId="2" pageNumber="269">Ucayali</collectingCounty>
, Dist.
<collectingMunicipality id="6BCA7C0AB17C9D2FFBF0FD5F092AF8AD" box="[1129,1292,640,661]" pageId="2" pageNumber="269">Pampa Hermosa</collectingMunicipality>
.
<location id="8ECEB0ABB17C9D2FFA8FFD5F0D60F882" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B85766B17C9D2AFF11FDA00EB1FC98:8ECEB0ABB17C9D2FFA8FFD5F0D60F882" country="Peru" county="Ucayali" latitude="-6.9358444" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-75.97203" municipality="Pampa Hermosa" name="Cordillera Azul National Park" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" stateProvince="Region Loreto">Cordillera Azul National Park</location>
,
<collectedFrom id="380DA58DB17C9D2FFECBFD7B0E97F882" box="[338,689,676,698]" pageId="2" pageNumber="269">low montane forest, clay-sandy soil</collectedFrom>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2580B7B17C9D2FFD24FD7B0F68F882" box="[701,846,676,698]" degrees="06" direction="south" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" precision="1" seconds="09.04" value="-6.9358444">06°56’09.04”S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2580B7B17C9D2FFCC3FD7B0FD5F882" box="[858,1011,676,698]" degrees="075" direction="west" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" precision="1" seconds="19.3" value="-75.97203">075°58’19.3”W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CE94B95B17C9D2FFC66FD7B086DF881" box="[1023,1099,676,697]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.24" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" unit="m" value="1240.0">
<elevation id="003C0143B17C9D2FFC66FD7B086DF881" box="[1023,1099,676,697]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.24" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" unit="m" value="1240.0">1240 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFAFC0B0B17C9D2FFBCEFD7B08D9F881" box="[1111,1279,676,698]" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" value="2017-10-23">
<collectingDate id="EFEB3958B17C9D2FFBCEFD7B08D9F881" box="[1111,1279,676,698]" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" value="2017-10-23">23 October 2017</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<emphasis id="B9653A62B17C9D2FFA93FD7B0DE1F8E5" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="269">
<collectorName id="26E483A6B17C9D2FFA93FD7B09A9F881" box="[1290,1423,676,697]" pageId="2" pageNumber="269">L. Valenzuela</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26E483A6B17C9D2FFA02FD7B0CDDF8E5" pageId="2" pageNumber="269">J. Flores</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26E483A6B17C9D2FFE83FD170DA3F8E5" box="[282,389,712,733]" pageId="2" pageNumber="269">G. Shareva</collectorName>
33565
</emphasis>
, staminate specimen, with flowers (
<typeStatus id="54AA58D2B17C9D2FFCB8FD170F51F8E6" box="[801,887,712,734]" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED007EB5B17C9D2FFCE5FD170FEFF8E5" box="[892,969,712,733]" pageId="2" pageNumber="269">HOXA</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
!,
<materialsCitation id="3B79EC2DB17C9D2FFC4FFD170843F8E5" box="[982,1125,712,734]" collectedFrom="low montane forest, clay-sandy soil" collectingDate="2017-10-23" collectionCode="USM" collectorName="L. Valenzuela &amp; J. Flores &amp; G. Shareva" country="Peru" county="Ucayali" elevation="1240" latitude="-6.9358444" location="Cordillera Azul National Park" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-75.97203" municipality="Pampa Hermosa" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Region Loreto" typeStatus="isotype">
<typeStatus id="54AA58D2B17C9D2FFC4FFD170803F8E6" box="[982,1061,712,734]" pageId="2" pageNumber="269">isotypes</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED007EB5B17C9D2FFBB3FD170843F8E5" box="[1066,1125,712,733]" collectionName="USM" pageId="2" pageNumber="269">USM</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
!,
<materialsCitation id="3B79EC2DB17C9D2FFBEBFD170883F8E6" box="[1138,1189,712,734]" collectedFrom="low montane forest, clay-sandy soil" collectingDate="2017-10-23" collectionCode="MO" collectorName="L. Valenzuela &amp; J. Flores &amp; G. Shareva" country="Peru" county="Ucayali" elevation="1240" latitude="-6.9358444" location="Cordillera Azul National Park" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-75.97203" municipality="Pampa Hermosa" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Region Loreto" typeStatus="isotype">
<collectionCode id="ED007EB5B17C9D2FFBEBFD170886F8E6" box="[1138,1184,712,734]" pageId="2" pageNumber="269">MO</collectionCode>
!
</materialsCitation>
).
<figureCitation id="132AFAF5B17C9D2FFB2CFD170936F8E6" box="[1205,1296,712,734]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="1.[136,229,1991,2013]" captionStartId-1="3.[136,229,1767,1789]" captionStartId-2="4.[136,229,1885,1907]" captionStartId-3="5.[136,229,1956,1978]" captionStartId-4="6.[136,229,1992,2014]" captionTargetBox-0="[152,1435,1004,1966]" captionTargetBox-1="[264,1323,190,1743]" captionTargetBox-2="[221,1385,199,1819]" captionTargetBox-3="[205,1383,190,1932]" captionTargetBox-4="[192,1395,190,1968]" captionTargetId-0="figure-353@1.[151,1436,1003,1967]" captionTargetId-1="figure-17@3.[264,1323,190,1743]" captionTargetId-2="figure-28@4.[189,1398,190,1860]" captionTargetId-3="figure-17@5.[205,1383,190,1932]" captionTargetId-4="figure-28@6.[192,1395,190,1968]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionTargetPageId-4="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Geographical distribution of Ceroxylon ravenii in Cordillera Azul National Park – Peru." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Habitat of Ceroxylon ravenii. A: Agua Caliente geological formation; B: Small plateau within the Cordillera Azul National Park (Peru), lower montane forest, clay-sandy soil, very close to mountains with sandstone soil; the waters that flow from this mountain are part of the Ushpayacu river, a tributary of the Cushabatay river; C: adult individual of C. ravenii in the understory (Images by L. Valenzuela)." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Ceroxylon ravenii. A: Habit; B: Middle pinna tips; C: Basal pinna tips; D: Pistillate flower; E: Insertion of staminodes; F: Gynoecium; G: Infructescence; H: Fruit; I: Staminate flower; J: Insertion of stamens. (Drawings of pistillate parts from: L. Valenzuela 35737A, L. Valenzuela 35737B, staminate parts: L. Valenzuela 33565)." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Ceroxylon ravenii. A: Habit; B: Leaf (tips of middle pinnae); C: Leaf, middle portion, showing the adaxial surface; D: Leaf, middle portion, showing abaxial surface; E: Leaf, basal portion; F: Leaf sheath and petiole, abaxial view; G: leaf sheath and petiole, adaxial view; H: Hastula-like projection; I: Apical pinnae, showing adaxial surface; J: Apical pinnae, showing abaxial surface. (Images: L. Valenzuela)." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Ceroxylon ravenii.A: Inflorescence branches with old staminate flowers; B: Pistillate inflorescence at bud stage; C: Pistillate inflorescence showing flowers in bud; D: Staminate inflorescence; E: Staminate flower; F: Pistillate flowers at bus stage; G: Infructescence; H: Fruit; I: Seed; J: Embryo. (Images: L. Valenzuela)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5420978" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5420980" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5420982" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5420984" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5420986" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5420978/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5420980/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5420982/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/5420984/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/5420986/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="269">Figs. 1–5</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30BB5FBB17C9D2FFF11FCD3096CF956" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BAEE670B17C9D2FFF11FCD3096CF956" blockId="2.[136,1452,780,2031]" pageId="2" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis id="B9653A62B17C9D2FFF11FCD30CDDF91E" bold="true" box="[136,251,780,806]" pageId="2" pageNumber="269">Diagnosis</emphasis>
:—Acaulescent dioecious palm with 10–14 leaves, leaves
<quantity id="4CE94B95B17C9D2FFC38FCD30FCDF91F" box="[929,1003,780,807]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" unit="m" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 m</quantity>
long, forming a funnel-shaped crown, hastula-like projection 1.0–
<quantity id="4CE94B95B17C9D2FFE23FCEF0E25F973" box="[442,515,816,843]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" unit="cm" value="3.1">3.1 cm</quantity>
long, one inflorescence born at a time, peduncle of pistillate inflorescence
<quantity id="4CE94B95B17C9D2FFAA4FCEF098DF973" box="[1341,1451,816,843]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" unit="cm" value="55.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="50.0">50–60 cm</quantity>
long, peduncle of staminate inflorescence
<quantity id="4CE94B95B17C9D2FFDF8FC8B0EF6F957" box="[609,720,852,879]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" unit="cm" value="37.5" valueMax="42.0" valueMin="33.0">33–42 cm</quantity>
long, fruit
<quantity id="4CE94B95B17C9D2FFCD7FC8B0FEDF957" box="[846,971,852,879]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3499999999999996" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" unit="cm" value="2.3499999999999996" valueMax="2.4" valueMin="2.3">2.3–2.4 cm</quantity>
in diameter, with smooth epicarp.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30BB5FBB17C9D2FFF24FCA708F2FDD7" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAEE670B17C9D2FFF24FCA709BDFC22" blockId="2.[136,1452,780,2031]" pageId="2" pageNumber="269">
Acaulescent, dioecious palm.
<emphasis id="B9653A62B17C9D2FFD92FCA70E7BF9AA" bold="true" box="[523,605,888,914]" pageId="2" pageNumber="269">Leaves</emphasis>
10–14, 3–
<quantity id="4CE94B95B17C9D2FFD4DFCA70ED8F9AB" box="[724,766,888,915]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" unit="m" value="4.0">4 m</quantity>
long, forming a funnel-shaped crown; leaf sheath and petiole
<quantity id="4CE94B95B17C9D2FFF11FC430CDCF98F" box="[136,250,924,951]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" unit="cm" value="45.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="40.0">40–50 cm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4CE94B95B17C9D2FFEDFFC430DBDF98F" box="[326,411,924,951]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" unit="cm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5 cm</quantity>
wide at the base, completely covered with adpressed brown filiform scales on the abaxial surface, while the adaxial surface is covered with a thin layer of wax and scarce brown filiform scales; rachis 210–310 ×
<quantity id="4CE94B95B17C9D2FFF38FC3B0D29F9C7" box="[161,271,996,1023]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" unit="cm" value="1.25" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–2 cm</quantity>
, adaxially flattened in about ½ of its length and ending in a well-defined 1.0–
<quantity id="4CE94B95B17C9D2FFB0FFC3B08C2F9C7" box="[1174,1252,996,1023]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" unit="cm" value="3.1">3.1 cm</quantity>
long hastula-like projection, then keeled, covered with a thin layer of wax and translucent filiform scales, abaxially convex, covered with abundant adpressed brown filiform scales; pinnae 38–50 on each side, regularly arranged in one plane, adaxial surface covered with thin translucent wax layer, mid-rib covered with translucent filiform scales, abaxial surface covered with brown adpressed filiform scales; basal pinnae 30.0–45.2 ×
<quantity id="4CE94B95B17C9D2FFC31FBAB0800FEB7" box="[936,1062,1140,1167]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="13.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" unit="cm" value="0.95" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="0.6">0.6–1.3 cm</quantity>
, space between pinnae
<quantity id="4CE94B95B17C9D2FFAB1FBAB0981FEB7" box="[1320,1447,1140,1167]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" unit="cm" value="2.55" valueMax="2.8" valueMin="2.3">2.3–2.8 cm</quantity>
; middle pinnae 54.0–70.0 ×
<quantity id="4CE94B95B17C9D2FFE26FB470E66FE8B" box="[447,576,1176,1203]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" unit="cm" value="3.0" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="2.5">2.5–3.5 cm</quantity>
, slightly pendulous, space between pinnae
<quantity id="4CE94B95B17C9D2FFBBFFB47088EFE8B" box="[1062,1192,1176,1203]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" unit="cm" value="3.1" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="2.7">2.7–3.5 cm</quantity>
; apical pinnae
<quantity id="4CE94B95B17C9D2FFAC9FB470C8CFEEF" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.175" metricValueMax="5.25" metricValueMin="5.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" unit="cm" value="51.75" valueMax="52.5" valueMin="51.0">51–52.5 cm</quantity>
×
<quantity id="4CE94B95B17C9D2FFF5CFB630D62FEEF" box="[197,324,1212,1239]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" unit="cm" value="0.55" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.7 cm</quantity>
, pendulous at the tips, united along the margins or spaced
<quantity id="4CE94B95B17C9D2FFC5DFB630862FEEF" box="[964,1092,1212,1239]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" unit="cm" value="1.9" valueMax="2.3" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2.3 cm</quantity>
.
<emphasis id="B9653A62B17C9D2FFBD4FB630941FEEE" bold="true" box="[1101,1383,1212,1238]" pageId="2" pageNumber="269">Staminate inflorescence</emphasis>
65.0– 70.0 cm long, born one at a time, peduncle
<quantity id="4CE94B95B17C9D2FFDE2FB3F0ECAFEC3" box="[635,748,1248,1275]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" unit="cm" value="37.5" valueMax="42.0" valueMin="33.0">33–42 cm</quantity>
long, 0.8–1.0 cm wide at apex; prophyll 15.0 –
<quantity id="4CE94B95B17C9D2FFA96FB3F094FFEC3" box="[1295,1385,1248,1275]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" unit="cm" value="17.5">17.5 cm</quantity>
long; peduncular bracts 3, 17–
<quantity id="4CE94B95B17C9D2FFE05FADB0DC4FF27" box="[412,482,1284,1311]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" unit="cm" value="60.0">60 cm</quantity>
×
<quantity id="4CE94B95B17C9D2FFD98FADB0EA4FF27" box="[513,642,1284,1311]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" unit="cm" value="2.35" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="1.2">1.2–3.5 cm</quantity>
; rachis
<quantity id="4CE94B95B17C9D2FFD41FADB0F6EFF27" box="[728,840,1284,1311]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" unit="cm" value="35.0" valueMax="38.0" valueMin="32.0">32–38 cm</quantity>
long, with 36–44 first order branches, each subtended by a membranous, long acuminate bract 0.5–1.0 cm ×
<quantity id="4CE94B95B17C9D2FFC9FFAF70FACFF7B" box="[774,906,1320,1347]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" unit="cm" value="0.44999999999999996" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.6 cm</quantity>
, each first order branch with 2–9 second order branches 2.5–7.0 cm long; prophyll and peduncular bracts covered by abundant filiform scales, rachis and branches glabrous.
<emphasis id="B9653A62B17C9D2FFF6EFAAF0E24FFB2" bold="true" box="[247,514,1392,1418]" pageId="2" pageNumber="269">Pistillate inflorescence</emphasis>
75.0–80.0 cm long, born one at one time, peduncle
<quantity id="4CE94B95B17C9D2FFBD7FAAF089BFFB3" box="[1102,1213,1392,1419]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" unit="cm" value="55.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="50.0">50–60 cm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4CE94B95B17C9D2FFA9CFAAF0974FFB3" box="[1285,1362,1392,1419]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" unit="cm" value="0.8">0.8 cm</quantity>
wide at apex; prophyll
<quantity id="4CE94B95B17C9D2FFEACFA4B0D83FF97" box="[309,421,1428,1455]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" unit="cm" value="24.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="24.0">24–25 cm</quantity>
long; peduncular bracts 6, 24.0–65.0 ×
<quantity id="4CE94B95B17C9D2FFCF7FA4B0FD6FF97" box="[878,1008,1428,1455]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" unit="cm" value="3.0" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="2.5">2.5–3.5 cm</quantity>
, the distal one 13.0–14.0 cm in length, inserted at the apex of the peduncle; rachis 20.0–25.0 cm long, with 24–26 first order branches, each subtended by a triangular, long acuminate bract 0.6–2.5 ×
<quantity id="4CE94B95B17C9D2FFDF6FA030ECBFFCF" box="[623,749,1500,1527]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" unit="cm" value="0.44999999999999996" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.6 cm</quantity>
long, each first order branch with 4–8 second order branches 2.0–5.0 cm long; prophyll and peduncular bracts covered by abundant filiform scales, rachis and branches glabrous.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAEE670B17C9D2FFF24F9FB08F2FDD7" blockId="2.[136,1452,780,2031]" pageId="2" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis id="B9653A62B17C9D2FFF24F9FB0DB1FC06" bold="true" box="[189,407,1572,1598]" pageId="2" pageNumber="269">Staminate flowers</emphasis>
sepals 3, broadly-triangular, acuminate, 0.15–0.20 ×
<quantity id="4CE94B95B17C9D2FFC62F9FB08BFFC07" box="[1019,1177,1572,1599]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" unit="cm" value="0.075" valueMax="0.1" valueMin="0.05">0.05–0.10 cm</quantity>
, connate basally for
<quantity id="4CE94B95B17C9D2FFA11F9FB0C91FC5B" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
; petals 3, triangular, long acuminate, 0.5–0.6 ×
<quantity id="4CE94B95B17C9D2FFD41F9970F50FC5B" box="[728,886,1608,1635]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" unit="cm" value="0.09" valueMax="0.1" valueMin="0.08">0.08–0.10 cm</quantity>
, connate basally for 0.6–1.0 mm; stamens 10–12, alternating 2–3 antipetalous and 1–2 antisepalous, filaments 0.17–0.20 ×
<quantity id="4CE94B95B17C9D2FFC5DF9B30846FCBF" box="[964,1120,1644,1671]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" unit="cm" value="0.11499999999999999" valueMax="0.12" valueMin="0.11">0.11–0.12 cm</quantity>
, inserted at mid-height in the central portion of the anther, anthers 0.21–0.23 ×
<quantity id="4CE94B95B17C9D2FFD5FF94F0F47FC93" box="[710,865,1680,1707]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" unit="cm" value="0.09" valueMax="0.1" valueMin="0.08">0.08–0.10 cm</quantity>
long, anther connective not projecting, anthers not exceeding petals; pistillode trifid,
<quantity id="4CE94B95B17C9D2FFD92F96B0E7EFCF7" box="[523,600,1716,1743]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" unit="cm" value="0.1">0.1 cm</quantity>
long.
<emphasis id="B9653A62B17C9D2FFD38F96B0F4FFCF6" bold="true" box="[673,873,1716,1742]" pageId="2" pageNumber="269">Pistillate flowers</emphasis>
sepals 3, broadly–triangular, acuminate, 0.17–0.20 ×
<quantity id="4CE94B95B17C9D2FFF38F9070D19FCCB" box="[161,319,1752,1779]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" unit="cm" value="0.11499999999999999" valueMax="0.12" valueMin="0.11">0.11–0.12 cm</quantity>
, connate basally for
<quantity id="4CE94B95B17C9D2FFDB6F9070EADFCCB" box="[559,651,1752,1779]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
; petals 3, elliptical, long-acuminate, 0.5–0.6 ×
<quantity id="4CE94B95B17C9D2FFB30F9070961FCCB" box="[1193,1351,1752,1779]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" unit="cm" value="0.105" valueMax="0.11" valueMin="0.1">0.10–0.11 cm</quantity>
, connate basally for 0.5–1.0 mm; staminodes 10–12, alternating 2 antipetalous and 1–2 antisepalous, antisepalous filaments
<quantity id="4CE94B95B17C9D2FFF11F8FF0CC7FD03" box="[136,225,1824,1851]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" unit="cm" value="0.16">0.16 cm</quantity>
long, antipetalous filaments
<quantity id="4CE94B95B17C9D2FFDB8F8FF0E5CFD03" box="[545,634,1824,1851]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" unit="cm" value="0.08">0.08 cm</quantity>
long, abortive anthers 0.10–0.11 ×
<quantity id="4CE94B95B17C9D2FFB9BF8FF08B8FD03" box="[1026,1182,1824,1851]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" unit="cm" value="0.075" valueMax="0.08" valueMin="0.07">0.07–0.08 cm</quantity>
; pistil globose, 0.28–0.3 ×
<quantity id="4CE94B95B17C9D2FFF06F89B0D1DFD67" box="[159,315,1860,1887]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.7999999999999998" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" unit="cm" value="0.19" valueMax="0.2" valueMin="0.18">0.18–0.20 cm</quantity>
, stigmatic branches 3, 0.10–0.12 ×
<quantity id="4CE94B95B17C9D2FFD53F89B0F01FD67" box="[714,807,1860,1887]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" unit="cm" value="0.02">0.02 cm</quantity>
, with papillose internal surface.
<emphasis id="B9653A62B17C9D2FFB0DF89B0964FD66" bold="true" box="[1172,1346,1860,1886]" pageId="2" pageNumber="269">Infructescence</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CE94B95B17C9D2FFAD0F89B0C8CFDBB" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" unit="cm" value="135.0" valueMax="140.0" valueMin="130.0">130–140 cm</quantity>
long; peduncle
<quantity id="4CE94B95B17C9D2FFEFFF8B70DD2FDBB" box="[358,500,1896,1923]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.02" metricValueMax="1.04" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" unit="cm" value="102.0" valueMax="104.0" valueMin="100.0">100–104 cm</quantity>
long, doubling in length as fruit matures; apical portion of rachis bare, due to the weight and size of the fruits.
<emphasis id="B9653A62B17C9D2FFE7CF8530E08FD9E" bold="true" box="[485,558,1932,1958]" pageId="2" pageNumber="269">Fruits</emphasis>
globose, orange when ripe,
<quantity id="4CE94B95B17C9D2FFCE7F8530FD9FD9F" box="[894,1023,1932,1959]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3499999999999996" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" unit="cm" value="2.3499999999999996" valueMax="2.4" valueMin="2.3">2.3–2.4 cm</quantity>
in diameter, smooth exocarp; lateral stigmatic remnant near the base; pedicel
<quantity id="4CE94B95B17C9D2FFDD3F86F0EC4FDF3" box="[586,738,1968,1995]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" unit="cm" value="0.075" valueMax="0.08" valueMin="0.07">0.07–0.08 cm</quantity>
long.
<emphasis id="B9653A62B17C9D2FFCBEF86F0F79FDF2" bold="true" box="[807,863,1968,1994]" pageId="2" pageNumber="269">Seed</emphasis>
spherical and smooth, 1.6–2.0 cm in diameter; hilum basal; embryo lateral,
<quantity id="4CE94B95B17C9D2FFE18F80B0E2EFDD7" box="[385,520,2004,2031]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" unit="mm" value="0.35" valueMax="0.4" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.4 mm</quantity>
from the hilum, 2.0 mm wide at base and 1.0 mm wide at apex.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF6EB6F8B17D9D2EFF11F9380D27FD51" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5420980" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5420980" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5420980/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="270" startId="3.[136,229,1767,1789]" targetBox="[264,1323,190,1743]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BAEE670B17D9D2EFF11F9380D27FD51" blockId="3.[136,1452,1767,1897]" pageId="3" pageNumber="270">
<emphasis id="B9653A62B17D9D2EFF11F9380CDEFCC4" bold="true" box="[136,248,1767,1789]" pageId="3" pageNumber="270">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
. Habitat of
<taxonomicName id="4C119DF3B17D9D2EFEF4F9380E3DFCC5" box="[365,539,1767,1789]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Ceroxylon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="3" pageNumber="270" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ravenii">
<emphasis id="B9653A62B17D9D2EFEF4F9380E3DFCC5" box="[365,539,1767,1789]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="270">Ceroxylon ravenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A: Agua Caliente geological formation; B: Small plateau within the Cordillera Azul National Park (Peru), lower montane forest, clay-sandy soil, very close to mountains with sandstone soil; the waters that flow from this mountain are part of the Ushpayacu river, a tributary of the Cushabatay river; C: adult individual of
<taxonomicName id="4C119DF3B17D9D2EFB91F8F0084CFD7D" box="[1032,1130,1839,1861]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Ceroxylon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="3" pageNumber="270" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ravenii">
<emphasis id="B9653A62B17D9D2EFB91F8F0084CFD7D" box="[1032,1130,1839,1861]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="270">C. ravenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the understory (Images by L. Valenzuela).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF6EB6F8B17A9D29FF11F8820F0DFD82" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5420982" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5420982" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5420982/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="271" startId="4.[136,229,1885,1907]" targetBox="[221,1385,199,1819]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BAEE670B17A9D29FF11F8820F0DFD82" blockId="4.[136,1452,1885,1979]" pageId="4" pageNumber="271">
<emphasis id="B9653A62B17A9D29FF11F8820CDFFD4A" bold="true" box="[136,249,1885,1907]" pageId="4" pageNumber="271">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9653A62B17A9D29FE9FF8820D9DFD4A" box="[262,443,1885,1906]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="271">
<taxonomicName id="4C119DF3B17A9D29FE9FF8820D91FD4A" box="[262,439,1885,1906]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Ceroxylon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="271" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ravenii">Ceroxylon ravenii</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
A: Habit; B: Middle pinna tips; C: Basal pinna tips; D: Pistillate flower; E: Insertion of staminodes; F: Gynoecium; G: Infructescence; H: Fruit; I: Staminate flower; J: Insertion of stamens. (Drawings of pistillate parts from:
<emphasis id="B9653A62B17A9D29FAB1F85E0D96FD82" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="271">L. Valenzuela 35737A, L. Valenzuela 35737B</emphasis>
, staminate parts:
<emphasis id="B9653A62B17A9D29FDC3F87A0F3BFD82" box="[602,797,1957,1978]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="271">L. Valenzuela 33565</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF6EB6F8B17B9D28FF11F87B0D3DF21E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5420984" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5420984" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5420984/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="272" startId="5.[136,229,1956,1978]" targetBox="[205,1383,190,1932]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BAEE670B17B9D28FF11F87B0D3DF21E" blockId="5.[136,1452,1956,2086]" pageId="5" pageNumber="272">
<emphasis id="B9653A62B17B9D28FF11F87B0CDEFD81" bold="true" box="[136,248,1956,1978]" pageId="5" pageNumber="272">FIGURE 4</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9653A62B17B9D28FE9DF87B0D9EFD82" box="[260,440,1956,1978]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="272">
<taxonomicName id="4C119DF3B17B9D28FE9DF87B0D92FD82" box="[260,436,1956,1978]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Ceroxylon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="5" pageNumber="272" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ravenii">Ceroxylon ravenii</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
A: Habit; B: Leaf (tips of middle pinnae); C: Leaf, middle portion, showing the adaxial surface; D: Leaf, middle portion, showing abaxial surface; E: Leaf, basal portion; F: Leaf sheath and petiole, abaxial view; G: leaf sheath and petiole, adaxial view; H: Hastula-like projection; I: Apical pinnae, showing adaxial surface; J: Apical pinnae, showing abaxial surface. (Images: L. Valenzuela).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF6EB6F8B1789D2BFF11F8170EABF21E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5420986" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5420986" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5420986/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="273" startId="6.[136,229,1992,2014]" targetBox="[192,1395,190,1968]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BAEE670B1789D2BFF11F8170EABF21E" blockId="6.[136,1452,1992,2086]" pageId="6" pageNumber="273">
<emphasis id="B9653A62B1789D2BFF11F8170CD1FDE5" bold="true" box="[136,247,1992,2014]" pageId="6" pageNumber="273">FIGURE 5</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9653A62B1789D2BFE9BF8170D90FDE6" box="[258,438,1992,2014]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="273">
<taxonomicName id="4C119DF3B1789D2BFE9BF8170D94FDE6" box="[258,434,1992,2014]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Ceroxylon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="6" pageNumber="273" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ravenii">Ceroxylon ravenii</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
A: Inflorescence branches with old staminate flowers; B: Pistillate inflorescence at bud stage; C: Pistillate inflorescence showing flowers in bud; D: Staminate inflorescence; E: Staminate flower; F: Pistillate flowers at bus stage; G: Infructescence; H: Fruit; I: Seed; J: Embryo. (Images: L. Valenzuela).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C30BB5FBB1799D2AFF24FF420DA3F924" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BAEE670B1799D2AFF24FF420D36FB70" blockId="7.[136,1452,157,1697]" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">
<emphasis id="B9653A62B1799D2AFF24FF420E49FA8F" bold="true" box="[189,623,157,183]" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">Comparison with similar species:—</emphasis>
Despite the lack of an aerial stem,
<taxonomicName id="4C119DF3B1799D2AFB9EFF4108F2FA80" box="[1031,1236,158,184]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Ceroxylon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ravenii">
<emphasis id="B9653A62B1799D2AFB9EFF4108F2FA80" box="[1031,1236,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">Ceroxylon ravenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clearly belongs to the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C119DF3B1799D2AFF64FF1D0D57FAE4" box="[253,369,194,220]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Ceroxylon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9653A62B1799D2AFF64FF1D0D57FAE4" box="[253,369,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">Ceroxylon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C119DF3B1799D2AFE18FF1D0E0FFAE4" box="[385,553,194,220]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ceroxyloideae">Ceroxyloideae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C119DF3B1799D2AFDAFFF1D0E90FAE4" authorityName="Satake" authorityYear="1962" box="[566,694,194,220]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="tribe" tribe="Ceroxyleae">Ceroxyleae</taxonomicName>
subtribe), sharing many characters with the genus such as dioecy, splitting leaf sheaths with margins generally fibrous, unisexual flowers, sepals and petals basally connate, basifixed stamens, barely dimorphic flowers, triovulate trilocular gynoecium and fruit with basal stigmatic remains (
<bibRefCitation id="EF809B81B1799D2AFAAAFED50D22FB70" author="Dransfield, J. &amp; Uhl, N. W. &amp; Asmussen, C. B. &amp; Baker, W. J. &amp; Harley, M. M. &amp; Lewis, C. E." pageId="7" pageNumber="274" refId="ref4502" refString="Dransfield, J., Uhl, N. W., Asmussen, C. B., Baker, W. J., Harley, M. M. &amp; Lewis, C. E. (2008) Genera Palmarum. The Evolution and Classification of Palms. Kew Publishing, Richmond, 732 pp." type="book" year="2008">
Dransfield
<emphasis id="B9653A62B1799D2AFF11FEF00C9FFB70" box="[136,185,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">et al</emphasis>
. 2008
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAEE670B1799D2AFF24FE8D0CF4FBC4" blockId="7.[136,1452,157,1697]" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">
<taxonomicName id="4C119DF3B1799D2AFF24FE8D0DACFB54" box="[189,394,338,364]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Ceroxylon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ravenii">
<emphasis id="B9653A62B1799D2AFF24FE8D0DACFB54" box="[189,394,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">Ceroxylon ravenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C119DF3B1799D2AFDB0FE8D0EF2FB54" authorityName="Wendland" authorityYear="1860" baseAuthorityName="H. Karst." box="[553,724,338,364]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Ceroxylon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="quindiuense">
<emphasis id="B9653A62B1799D2AFDB0FE8D0EF2FB54" box="[553,724,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">C. quindiuense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C119DF3B1799D2AFC88FE8D0F8EFB54" box="[785,936,338,364]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Ceroxylon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parvifrons">
<emphasis id="B9653A62B1799D2AFC88FE8D0F8EFB54" box="[785,936,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">C. parvifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the leaves, since the pinnae are regularly distributed along the rachis, and the fruits have a smooth epicarp. Likewise, we found that the location of
<taxonomicName id="4C119DF3B1799D2AFAA3FEA9098DFBA8" box="[1338,1451,374,400]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Ceroxylon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ravenii">
<emphasis id="B9653A62B1799D2AFAA3FEA9098DFBA8" box="[1338,1451,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">C. ravenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
overlaps with the elevation of range distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4C119DF3B1799D2AFD5FFE450F53FB8C" authorityName="Galeano" authorityYear="1995" box="[710,885,410,436]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Ceroxylon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amazonicum">
<emphasis id="B9653A62B1799D2AFD5FFE450F53FB8C" box="[710,885,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">C. amazonicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C119DF3B1799D2AFC33FE450807FB8C" authorityName="Galeano" authorityYear="1995" box="[938,1057,410,436]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Ceroxylon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parvum">
<emphasis id="B9653A62B1799D2AFC33FE450807FB8C" box="[938,1057,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">C. parvum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, through the comparison of the species with the review carried out by Sanín &amp; Galeano (2001), the following morphological differences were found:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAEE670B1799D2AFF24FDD90919F8B4" blockId="7.[136,1452,157,1697]" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">
<taxonomicName id="4C119DF3B1799D2AFF24FDD90DA1F818" box="[189,391,518,544]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Ceroxylon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ravenii">
<emphasis id="B9653A62B1799D2AFF24FDD90DA1F818" box="[189,391,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">Ceroxylon ravenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has an acaulescent habit, completely different from the other species of the genus, which have by contrast, tall stems. The hastula-like projection found roughly in the middle of the rachis, though characteristic in
<taxonomicName id="4C119DF3B1799D2AFF11FD910CDAF850" box="[136,252,590,616]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Ceroxylon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9653A62B1799D2AFF11FD910CDAF850" box="[136,252,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">Ceroxylon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is notably bigger in
<taxonomicName id="4C119DF3B1799D2AFE71FD910E7EF850" box="[488,600,590,616]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Ceroxylon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ravenii">
<emphasis id="B9653A62B1799D2AFE71FD910E7EF850" box="[488,600,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">C. ravenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than in other species in comparison (
<tableCitation id="C693D3CBB1799D2AFC61FD91086DF850" box="[1016,1099,590,616]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="8.[136,229,158,184]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 1. Differences in distribution and morphological characters between C. amazonicum, C. parvifrons, C. parvum, C. quindiuense and C. ravenii." pageId="7" pageNumber="274">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C119DF3B1799D2AFBFAFD9108F5F850" box="[1123,1235,590,616]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Ceroxylon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ravenii">
<emphasis id="B9653A62B1799D2AFBFAFD9108F5F850" box="[1123,1235,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">C. ravenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
bears one pistillate inflorescence at a time, while the other species have more than one pistillate inflorescence at the same time.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAEE670B1799D2AFF24FD490DA3F924" blockId="7.[136,1452,157,1697]" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">
Another contrasting feature is the length of peduncle of the pistillate inflorescence and rachis of the staminate inflorescence, which are smaller in
<taxonomicName id="4C119DF3B1799D2AFD8EFD650EA1F8EC" box="[535,647,698,724]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Ceroxylon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ravenii">
<emphasis id="B9653A62B1799D2AFD8EFD650EA1F8EC" box="[535,647,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">C. ravenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than in the other species (
<tableCitation id="C693D3CBB1799D2AFC35FD650826F8EC" box="[940,1024,698,724]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="8.[136,229,158,184]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 1. Differences in distribution and morphological characters between C. amazonicum, C. parvifrons, C. parvum, C. quindiuense and C. ravenii." pageId="7" pageNumber="274">Table 1</tableCitation>
). Finally, the pinnae on the leaves are regularly inserted on each side in
<emphasis id="B9653A62B1799D2AFD99FD010E51F8C0" box="[512,631,734,760]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">
<taxonomicName id="4C119DF3B1799D2AFD99FD010E55F8C0" box="[512,627,734,760]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Ceroxylon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ravenii">C. ravenii</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
while in
<taxonomicName id="4C119DF3B1799D2AFD46FD010F70F8C0" authorityName="Galeano" authorityYear="1995" box="[735,854,734,760]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Ceroxylon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parvum">
<emphasis id="B9653A62B1799D2AFD46FD010F70F8C0" box="[735,854,734,760]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">C. parvum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
they are irregularly arranged in groups of 2, 3, 4; and inserted in 1–5 planes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30BB5FBB1799D2AFF24FCF90863F9B0" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BAEE670B1799D2AFF24FCF90863F9B0" blockId="7.[136,1452,157,1697]" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">
<emphasis id="B9653A62B1799D2AFF24FCF90D42F978" bold="true" box="[189,356,806,832]" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">Etymology:—</emphasis>
This species is named in honor of Dr. Peter H. Raven, director of the Missouri Botanical Garden from 1971 to 2011, who is one of the main promoters of botanical research in
<collectingCountry id="F306A6E0B1799D2AFC4EFC95082CF95C" box="[983,1034,842,868]" name="Peru" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">Peru</collectingCountry>
and the world to preserve endangered plants, also considered a great defender of conservation and sustainable environment.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30BB5FBB1799D2AFF24FC4D0EFEFC28" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BAEE670B1799D2AFF24FC4D0F48FF64" blockId="7.[136,1452,157,1697]" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">
<emphasis id="B9653A62B1799D2AFF24FC4D0D67F994" bold="true" box="[189,321,914,940]" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">Ecology:—</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C119DF3B1799D2AFEDBFC4D0E2DF994" box="[322,523,914,940]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Ceroxylon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ravenii">
<emphasis id="B9653A62B1799D2AFEDBFC4D0E2DF994" box="[322,523,914,940]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">Ceroxylon ravenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is only known from the wilderness zone of Cordillera Azul National Park (
<figureCitation id="132AFAF5B1799D2AFAC0FC4D09BCF994" box="[1369,1434,914,940]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[136,229,1991,2013]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,1004,1966]" captionTargetId="figure-353@1.[151,1436,1003,1967]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Geographical distribution of Ceroxylon ravenii in Cordillera Azul National Park – Peru." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5420978" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5420978/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
), located on one of the plateaus of a steep mountain of the “Agua Caliente” formation, whose elevation ranges from
<quantity id="4CE94B95B1799D2AFF11FC050D11F9CC" box="[136,311,986,1013]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" unit="m" value="1150.0" valueMax="1800.0" valueMin="500.0">500 to 1800 m</quantity>
. A population of approximately
<specimenCount id="9D172DF9B1799D2AFD29FC050F28F9CC" box="[688,782,986,1012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" type="adult">40 adult</specimenCount>
individuals has been recorded in lower montane forest at
<quantity id="4CE94B95B1799D2AFF11FC210CF9FE20" box="[136,223,1022,1048]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.24" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" unit="m" value="1240.0">1240 m</quantity>
elevation, on a sandy-clay soil, with exposed sandstone rocks, associated with other herbs such
<taxonomicName id="4C119DF3B1799D2AFAADFC210D06FE04" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9653A62B1799D2AFAADFC21098AFE20" box="[1332,1452,1022,1048]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">Anthurium</emphasis>
sp. (Araceae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C119DF3B1799D2AFEB2FBFD0E7BFE05" box="[299,605,1058,1085]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Besleria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9653A62B1799D2AFEB2FBFD0D89FE04" box="[299,431,1058,1084]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">Besleria sp.</emphasis>
(Gesneriaceae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C119DF3B1799D2AFDF5FBFD0FA9FE04" box="[620,911,1058,1084]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Cyperus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9653A62B1799D2AFDF5FBFD0EEFFE04" box="[620,713,1058,1084]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">Cyperus</emphasis>
sp. (Cyperaceae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C119DF3B1799D2AFC03FBFD091BFE05" box="[922,1341,1058,1085]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Ophioglossaceae" genus="Ophioglossum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ophioglossales" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9653A62B1799D2AFC03FBFD081AFE04" box="[922,1084,1058,1084]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">Ophioglossum</emphasis>
sp. (Ophioglossaceae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C119DF3B1799D2AFAD1FBFD0DBFFE59" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Salpinga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9653A62B1799D2AFAD1FBFD098AFE04" box="[1352,1452,1058,1084]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">Salpinga</emphasis>
spp. (Melastomataceae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C119DF3B1799D2AFE31FB990F7AFE59" box="[424,860,1094,1121]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Hymenophyllaceae" genus="Trichomanes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Hymenophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9653A62B1799D2AFE31FB990E1FFE58" box="[424,569,1094,1120]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">Trichomanes</emphasis>
sp. (Hymenophyllaceae)
</taxonomicName>
, shrubs of
<taxonomicName id="4C119DF3B1799D2AFC78FB99084AFE58" box="[993,1132,1094,1120]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Cestrum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9653A62B1799D2AFC78FB990866FE58" box="[993,1088,1094,1120]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">Cestrum</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C119DF3B1799D2AFBE5FB990981FE59" box="[1148,1447,1094,1121]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9653A62B1799D2AFBE5FB9908F8FE58" box="[1148,1246,1094,1120]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">Solanum</emphasis>
sp. (Solanaceae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C119DF3B1799D2AFF11FBB50E77FEBD" box="[136,593,1130,1157]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Rethyniphyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fuchsioides">
<emphasis id="B9653A62B1799D2AFF11FBB50D98FEBC" box="[136,446,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">Rethyniphyllum fuchsioides</emphasis>
(Rubiaceae)
</taxonomicName>
; small trees like
<taxonomicName id="4C119DF3B1799D2AFC88FBB50847FEBD" box="[785,1121,1130,1157]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Primulaceae" genus="Cybianthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9653A62B1799D2AFC88FBB50FB7FEBC" box="[785,913,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">Cybianthus</emphasis>
sp. (Primulaceae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C119DF3B1799D2AFBF4FBB4098EFEBD" box="[1133,1448,1130,1157]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ebenaceae" genus="Lissocarpa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9653A62B1799D2AFBF4FBB408CFFEBC" box="[1133,1257,1131,1156]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">Lissocarpa</emphasis>
sp. (Ebenaceae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C119DF3B1799D2AFF11FB500DF7FE91" box="[136,465,1166,1193]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Putranjivaceae" genus="Drypetes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9653A62B1799D2AFF11FB500CCBFE90" box="[136,237,1167,1192]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">Drypetes</emphasis>
sp. (Putranjivaceae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C119DF3B1799D2AFE43FB500EF0FE91" box="[474,726,1166,1193]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Violaceae" genus="Leonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9653A62B1799D2AFE43FB500E0EFE90" box="[474,552,1167,1192]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">Leonia</emphasis>
sp. (Violaceae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C119DF3B1799D2AFD46FB510831FE91" box="[735,1047,1166,1193]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loganiaceae" genus="Strychnos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9653A62B1799D2AFD46FB510F6BFE90" box="[735,845,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">Strychnos</emphasis>
sp. (Loganiaceae)
</taxonomicName>
and tall trees such as
<taxonomicName id="4C119DF3B1799D2AFA99FB510D6EFEF4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Chrysophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9653A62B1799D2AFA99FB51098DFE90" box="[1280,1451,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">Chrysophyllum</emphasis>
sp. (Sapotaceae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C119DF3B1799D2AFEC0FB6D0F1CFEF5" box="[345,826,1202,1229]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Compsoneura" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capitellata">
<emphasis id="B9653A62B1799D2AFEC0FB6D0E5CFEF4" box="[345,634,1202,1228]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">Compsoneura capitellata</emphasis>
(Myristicaceae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C119DF3B1799D2AFCD3FB6D0FBEFEF4" box="[842,920,1202,1228]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9653A62B1799D2AFCD3FB6D0FBEFEF4" box="[842,920,1202,1228]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">Croton</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
matourensis (
<taxonomicName id="4C119DF3B1799D2AFBD9FB6D08CBFEF5" box="[1088,1261,1202,1229]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Euphorbiaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C119DF3B1799D2AFA9FFB6D0D01FEC8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Dacryodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9653A62B1799D2AFA9FFB6D0959FEF4" box="[1286,1407,1202,1228]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">Dacryodes</emphasis>
sp. (Burseraceae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C119DF3B1799D2AFEA3FB090EEBFEC9" box="[314,717,1238,1265]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Clusiaceae" genus="Garcinia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="B9653A62B1799D2AFEA3FB090E08FEC8" box="[314,558,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">Garcinia brasiliensis</emphasis>
(Clusiaceae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C119DF3B1799D2AFD79FB09080DFEC8" box="[736,1067,1238,1264]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Guatteria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9653A62B1799D2AFD79FB090F6BFEC8" box="[736,845,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">Guatteria</emphasis>
sp. (Annonaceae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C119DF3B1799D2AFBA7FB09098EFEC9" box="[1086,1448,1238,1265]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Iryanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9653A62B1799D2AFBA7FB090890FEC8" box="[1086,1206,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">Iryanthera</emphasis>
sp. (Myristicaceae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C119DF3B1799D2AFF11FB250DFFFF2D" box="[136,473,1274,1301]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Ladenbergia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9653A62B1799D2AFF11FB250D30FF2C" box="[136,278,1274,1300]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">Ladenbergia</emphasis>
sp. (Rubiaceae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C119DF3B1799D2AFE70FB240ED5FF2D" box="[489,755,1274,1301]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Violaceae" genus="Leonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9653A62B1799D2AFE70FB240E11FF2C" box="[489,567,1275,1300]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">Leonia</emphasis>
sp. (Violaceae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C119DF3B1799D2AFC9AFB25088EFF2D" box="[771,1192,1274,1301]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Macbrideina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peruviana">
<emphasis id="B9653A62B1799D2AFC9AFB250837FF2C" box="[771,1041,1274,1300]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">Macbrideina peruviana</emphasis>
(Rubiaceae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C119DF3B1799D2AFB2EFB250D62FF01" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Senefeldera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="inclinata">
<emphasis id="B9653A62B1799D2AFB2EFB25098AFF2C" box="[1207,1452,1274,1300]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">Senefeldera inclinata</emphasis>
(Euphorbiaceae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C119DF3B1799D2AFEC1FAC10ED9FF01" box="[344,767,1310,1337]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Clusiaceae" genus="Symphonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="globulifera">
<emphasis id="B9653A62B1799D2AFEC1FAC10E46FF00" box="[344,608,1310,1336]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">Symphonia globulifera</emphasis>
(Clusiaceae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B9653A62B1799D2AFC8AFAC10FEAFF00" box="[787,972,1310,1336]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">Sterigmapetalon</emphasis>
sp. (
<taxonomicName id="4C119DF3B1799D2AFB8BFAC108EBFF01" box="[1042,1229,1310,1337]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhizophoraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rhizophoraceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C119DF3B1799D2AFB71FAC00D47FF65" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Pentaphylacaceae" genus="Ternstroemia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9653A62B1799D2AFB71FAC0095DFF00" box="[1256,1403,1311,1336]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">Ternstroemia</emphasis>
sp. (Pentaphylacaceae)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C119DF3B1799D2AFE01FA9D0EEEFF65" box="[408,712,1346,1373]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9653A62B1799D2AFE01FA9D0DFAFF64" box="[408,476,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">Virola</emphasis>
spp. (Myristicaceae)
</taxonomicName>
among others.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAEE670B1799D2AFF24FAB90EFEFC28" blockId="7.[136,1452,157,1697]" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">
The known population of adult individuals falls within approximately 1 hectare. At the moment, the species is apparently protected, since it is located within a protected natural area. However, the data are insufficient to determine the status of conservation. The staminate specimen collected in
<date id="FFAFC0B0B1799D2AFCEBFA710834FFF0" box="[882,1042,1454,1480]" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" value="2017-10">October 2017</date>
, as well as the pistillate specimens collected in
<date id="FFAFC0B0B1799D2AFE89FA0D0DECFFD4" box="[272,458,1490,1516]" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" value="2018-09">September 2018</date>
, were found with reproductive structures only by coincidence; therefore it is not possible to establish the phenology of the species at this time.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30BB5FBB1799D2AFF24F9C60EB1FC98" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BAEE670B1799D2AFF24F9C60EB1FC98" blockId="7.[136,1452,157,1697]" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">
<emphasis id="B9653A62B1799D2AFF24F9C60E0FFC0B" bold="true" box="[189,553,1561,1587]" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">Other specimens examined:—</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B79EC2DB1799D2AFDB0F9C50FB0FC44" collectedFrom="low montane forest, clay-sandy soil" collectingDate="2018-09-15" collectionCode="HOXA" collectorName="L. Valenzuela &amp; J. Flores &amp; W. Guerrero" country="Peru" county="Ucayali" elevation="1240" latitude="-6.9354167" location="Cordillera Azul National Park" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="-75.97222" municipality="Pampa Hermosa" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Loreto">
Region
<collectingRegion id="49D52892B1799D2AFD1AF9C50EF7FC0C" box="[643,721,1562,1588]" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">Loreto</collectingRegion>
, Prov.
<collectingCounty id="62CF9EFCB1799D2AFCB8F9C50F5DFC0C" box="[801,891,1562,1588]" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">Ucayali</collectingCounty>
, Dist.
<collectingMunicipality id="6BCA7C0AB1799D2AFC5EF9C508A0FC0C" box="[967,1158,1562,1588]" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">Pampa Hermosa</collectingMunicipality>
.
<location id="8ECEB0ABB1799D2AFB0BF9C50C98FC60" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B85766B17C9D2AFF11FDA00EB1FC98:8ECEB0ABB1799D2AFB0BF9C50C98FC60" county="Ucayali" latitude="-6.9354167" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="-75.97222" municipality="Pampa Hermosa" name="Cordillera Azul National Park" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" stateProvince="Loreto">Cordillera Azul National Park</location>
,
<collectedFrom id="380DA58DB1799D2AFF51F9E10E70FC60" box="[200,598,1598,1624]" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">low montane forest, clay-sandy soil</collectedFrom>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2580B7B1799D2AFDF8F9E10EDBFC61" box="[609,765,1598,1625]" degrees="06" direction="south" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" precision="1" seconds="07.5" value="-6.9354167">06°56’07.5”S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2580B7B1799D2AFC9EF9E10F83FC61" box="[775,933,1598,1625]" degrees="075" direction="west" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" precision="15" seconds="20" value="-75.97222">075°58’20”W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CE94B95B1799D2AFC36F9E10823FC60" box="[943,1029,1598,1624]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.24" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" unit="m" value="1240.0">
<elevation id="003C0143B1799D2AFC36F9E10823FC60" box="[943,1029,1598,1624]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.24" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" unit="m" value="1240.0">1240 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFAFC0B0B1799D2AFB89F9E108CAFC60" box="[1040,1260,1598,1625]" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" value="2018-09-15">
<collectingDate id="EFEB3958B1799D2AFB89F9E108CAFC60" box="[1040,1260,1598,1625]" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" value="2018-09-15">15 September 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<emphasis id="B9653A62B1799D2AFB6CF9E00DFEFC44" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">
<collectorName id="26E483A6B1799D2AFB6CF9E009A8FC60" box="[1269,1422,1598,1624]" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">L. Valenzuela</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26E483A6B1799D2AFA01F9E00CF6FC44" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">J. Flores</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26E483A6B1799D2AFF68F9BC0D5DFC44" box="[241,379,1634,1660]" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">W. Guerrero</collectorName>
35737B
</emphasis>
(pistillate
<specimenCount id="9D172DF9B1799D2AFDD4F9BD0E9CFC44" box="[589,698,1634,1660]" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" type="generic">specimen</specimenCount>
, flowers) (
<collectionCode id="ED007EB5B1799D2AFCB7F9BD0FACFC44" box="[814,906,1634,1660]" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">HOXA</collectionCode>
!)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B79EC2DB1799D2AFC39F9BC0EB5FC98" collectedFrom="low montane forest, clay-sandy soil" collectingDate="2018-09-15" collectionCode="HOXA" collectorName="L. Valenzuela &amp; J. Flores &amp; W. Guerrero" country="Peru" county="Ucayali" elevation="1240" latitude="-6.9354167" location="Cordillera Azul National Park" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="-75.97222" municipality="Pampa Hermosa" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Loreto">
<emphasis id="B9653A62B1799D2AFC39F9BC098DFC44" box="[928,1451,1634,1660]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">
<collectorName id="26E483A6B1799D2AFC39F9BC081FFC44" box="[928,1081,1634,1660]" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">L. Valenzuela</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26E483A6B1799D2AFBDAF9BC0882FC44" box="[1091,1188,1634,1660]" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">J. Flores</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26E483A6B1799D2AFB5CF9BC0969FC44" box="[1221,1359,1634,1660]" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">W. Guerrero</collectorName>
35737A
</emphasis>
(pistillate
<specimenCount id="9D172DF9B1799D2AFF60F9590D40FC98" box="[249,358,1670,1696]" pageId="7" pageNumber="274" type="generic">specimen</specimenCount>
, infructescence) (
<collectionCode id="ED007EB5B1799D2AFDB2F9590EA1FC98" box="[555,647,1670,1696]" collectionName="HOXA" pageId="7" pageNumber="274">HOXA</collectionCode>
!)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>